Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Suspension: Package Insert / Prescribing Information - Drugs.com

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# Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Suspension

Package insert / prescribing information
Generic name: amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
Dosage form: powder for oral suspension
Drug class: Beta-lactamase inhibitors

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Oct 1, 2022.

## Indications and Usage for Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Suspension

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with

- Recurrent or persistent acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniae (penicillin MICs less than or equal to 2 mcg/mL), H. influenzae (including β-lactamase-producing strains), or M. catarrhalis (including β-lactamase-producing strains) characterized by the following risk factors:

- Antibacterial drug exposure for acute otitis media within the preceding 3 months, and either of the following: 1) age 2 years, or younger or 2) daycare attendance [see Microbiology (12.4)]

Limitations of Use

Acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniae alone can be treated with amoxicillin. Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension is not indicated for the treatment of acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniae with penicillin MIC greater than or equal to 4 mcg/mL. Therapy may be instituted prior to obtaining the results from bacteriological studies when there is reason to believe the infection may involve both S. pneumoniae (penicillin MIC less than or equal to 2 mcg/mL) and the β-lactamase-producing organisms listed above.

Usage

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension and other antibacterial drugs, Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

## Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Suspension Dosage and Administration

### Important Administration Instructions

To minimize the potential for gastrointestinal intolerance, Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension should be taken at the start of a meal. Absorption of clavulanate potassium may be enhanced when Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension is administered at the start of a meal.

### Dosage in Pediatric Patients

Pediatric patients 3 months and older: Based on the amoxicillin component (600 mg/5 mL), the recommended dose of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension is 90 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours, administered for 10 days (see chart below). This dose provides 6.4 mg/kg/day of the clavulanic acid component.

Body Weight (kg) | Volume of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension providing 90 mg/kg/day
8 | 3 mL twice daily
12 | 4.5 mL twice daily
16 | 6 mL twice daily
20 | 7.5 mL twice daily
24 | 9 mL twice daily
28 | 10.5 mL twice daily
32 | 12 mL twice daily
36 | 13.5 mL twice daily

Pediatric patients weighing 40 kg and more: Experience with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension in this group is not available.

### Dosage in Adult Patients

Experience with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension in adults is not available and adults who have difficulty swallowing should not be given Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension in place of the 500 mg or 875 mg tablet of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium.

### Dosage in Patients with Hepatic Impairment

Hepatically impaired patients should be dosed with caution and hepatic function monitored at regular intervals [see Warnings and Precautions (5)].

### Preparation of the Oral Suspension

Directions for Mixing Oral Suspension: Prepare a suspension at time of dispensing as follows: Tap bottle until all powder flows freely. Measure the total amount of water (see chart below) to be added in two parts. Add approximately 2/3 of the total amount of water for reconstitution, replace cap and shake vigorously to suspend powder. Add remainder of the water (that had been measured), replace cap and again shake vigorously.

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, USP
Bottle Size | Amount of Water Required for Reconstitution
75 mL | 70 mL
125 mL | 110 mL
200 mL | 180 mL

Each teaspoonful (5 mL) will contain 600 mg of amoxicillin as the trihydrate, and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid as the potassium salt.

Shake oral suspension well before each use. Suspension must be refrigerated. Discard after 10 days. Suspension is off-white at time of reconstitution; some color change is normal during the dosing period.

Flavoring Information: For patients who wish to alter the taste of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, immediately after reconstitution 1 drop of FLAVORx™ (apple, banana cream, bubble gum, cherry, or watermelon flavor) may be added for every 5 mL of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension. The resulting suspension is stable for 10 days under refrigeration. Stability of the drug product when mixed with other flavors distributed by FLAVORx has not been evaluated for flavors other than the 5 flavors listed above.

### Switching between Dosage Forms and between Strengths

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension does not contain the same amount of clavulanic acid (as the potassium salt) as any of the other suspensions of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium. Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension contains 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid per 5 mL, whereas the 200 mg/28.5 mg per 5 mL suspension of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium contains 28.5 mg clavulanic acid per 5 mL and the 400 mg/57 mg per 5 mL suspension of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium contains 57 mg clavulanic acid per 5 mL. Therefore, the 200 mg/28.5 mg per 5 mL and 400 mg/57 mg per 5 mL suspensions of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium should not be substituted for the 600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL suspension as they are not interchangeable.

## Dosage Forms and Strengths

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, USP:

- 600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL: Strawberry cream-flavored for oral suspension (each 5 mL of reconstituted suspension contains 600 mg of amoxicillin as the trihydrate, and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid as the potassium salt).

## Contraindications

### Serious Hypersensitivity Reactions

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension is contraindicated in patients with a history of serious hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to amoxicillin, clavulanate, or to other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs (e.g., penicillins and cephalosporins).

### Cholestatic Jaundice/Hepatic Dysfunction

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension is contraindicated in patients with a previous history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with treatment with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension.

## Warnings and Precautions

### Serious Allergic Reactions, including Anaphylaxis

Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported in patients receiving beta-lactam antibacterials, including Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension. These reactions are more likely to occur in individuals with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity and/or a history of sensitivity to multiple allergens. Before initiating therapy with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, careful inquiry should be made concerning previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other allergens. If an allergic reaction occurs, discontinue Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension and institute appropriate therapy.

### Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension may cause severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). If patients develop a skin rash, they should be monitored closely, and Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension discontinued if lesions progress.

### Hepatic Dysfunction

Use Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension with caution in patients with evidence of hepatic dysfunction. Hepatic toxicity associated with the use of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension is usually reversible. Deaths have been reported (fewer than one death reported per estimated four million prescriptions worldwide). These have generally been cases associated with serious underlying diseases or concomitant medications [see Contraindications (4.2) and Adverse Reactions (6.2)].

### Clostridioides difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD)

Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin-producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibacterial drug use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibacterial drug use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibacterial treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.

### Skin Rash in Patients with Mononucleosis

A high percentage of patients with mononucleosis who receive amoxicillin develop an erythematous skin rash. Thus, Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension should not be administered to patients with mononucleosis.

### Potential for Microbial Overgrowth

The possibility of superinfections with mycotic or bacterial pathogens should be kept in mind during therapy. If superinfections occur (usually involving Pseudomonas spp. or Candida spp.), the drug should be discontinued, and appropriate therapy instituted.

### Phenylketonurics

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension contains aspartame which contains phenylalanine. Each 5 mL of the 600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL suspension contains 7 mg phenylalanine.

### Development of Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Prescribing Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

## Adverse Reactions

The following are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]:

- Anaphylactic reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCAR) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
- Hepatic Dysfunction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
- Clostridioides difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]

### Clinical Trial Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Two clinical trials evaluated the safety of a 10-day treatment course of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension 90/6.4 mg/kg/day, divided every 12 hours, in pediatric patients with acute otitis media [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The first trial involved 521 pediatric patients (3 months to 50 months) and the second trial involved 450 pediatric patients (3 months to 12 years). In the intent-to-treat population of the first trial of 521 patients, the most frequently reported adverse events were vomiting (7%), fever (6%), contact dermatitis (i.e., diaper rash) (6%), upper respiratory tract infection (4%), and diarrhea (4%). Protocol-defined diarrhea (i.e., 3 or more watery stools in one day or 2 watery stools per day for 2 consecutive days as recorded on diary cards) occurred in 13% of patients.

The primary objective of the second study was to compare the safety of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension (90/6.4 mg/kg/day, divided every 12 hours) to Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium (45/6.4 mg/kg/day, divided every 12 hours) for ten days. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments in the proportion of patients with 1 or more adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse reactions for Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension and the comparator of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium were coughing (12% versus 7%), vomiting (7% versus 8%), contact dermatitis (i.e., diaper rash, 6% versus 5%), fever (6% versus 4%), and upper respiratory infection (3% versus 9%), respectively. The frequencies of protocol-defined diarrhea with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension (11%) and Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium (9%) were not statistically different. Two patients in the group treated with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension and one patient in the group treated with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium were withdrawn due to diarrhea.

### Postmarketing Experience

In addition to adverse reactions reported from clinical trials, the following have been identified during postmarketing use of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium products, including Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension. Because they are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be made. These events have been chosen for inclusion due to a combination of their seriousness, frequency of reporting, or potential causal connection to Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium.

Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, gastritis, stomatitis, glossitis, black “hairy” tongue, mucocutaneous candidiasis, enterocolitis, and hemorrhagic/pseudomembranous colitis. Onset of pseudomembranous colitis symptoms may occur during or after antibacterial treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5)].

Immune: Hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions (including shock), angioedema, serum sickness-like reactions (urticaria or skin rash accompanied by arthritis, arthralgia, myalgia, and frequently fever), hypersensitivity vasculitis[see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

Skin and Appendages: Rashes, pruritus, urticaria, erythema multiforme, SJS, TEN, DRESS, AGEP, exfoliative dermatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Liver: A moderate rise in AST (SGOT) and/or ALT (SGPT) has been noted in patients treated with ampicillin-class antibacterials. Hepatic dysfunction, including increases in serum transaminases (AST and/or ALT), serum bilirubin, and/or alkaline phosphatase, has been infrequently reported with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium or Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension. It has been reported more commonly in the elderly, in males, or in patients on prolonged treatment. The histologic findings on liver biopsy have consisted of cholestatic, hepatocellular, or mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular changes. The onset of signs/symptoms of hepatic dysfunction may occur during or several weeks after therapy has been discontinued. The hepatic dysfunction, which may be severe, is usually reversible. Deaths have been reported [see Contraindications (4.2) and Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Renal: Interstitial nephritis and hematuria have been reported. Crystalluria has also been reported [see Overdosage (10)].

Hemic and Lymphatic Systems: Anemia, including hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, eosinophilia, leukopenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported during therapy with penicillins. These reactions are usually reversible on discontinuation of therapy and are believed to be hypersensitivity phenomena. There have been reports of increased prothrombin time in patients receiving Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium and anticoagulant therapy concomitantly.

Central Nervous System: Agitation, anxiety, behavioral changes, aseptic meningitis, confusion, convulsions, dizziness, insomnia, and reversible hyperactivity have been reported.

Miscellaneous: Tooth discoloration (brown, yellow, or gray staining) has been reported. Most reports occurred in pediatric patients. Discoloration was reduced or eliminated with brushing or dental cleaning in most cases.

## Drug Interactions

### Probenecid

Probenecid decreases the renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin. Concurrent use with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension may result in increased and prolonged blood levels of amoxicillin. Co-administration of probenecid is not recommended.

### Oral Anticoagulants

Abnormal prolongation of prothrombin time (increased international normalized ratio [INR]) has been reported in patients receiving amoxicillin and oral anticoagulants. Appropriate monitoring should be undertaken when anticoagulants are prescribed concurrently. Adjustments in the dose of oral anticoagulants may be necessary to maintain the desired level of anticoagulation.

### Allopurinol

The concurrent administration of allopurinol and amoxicillin increases substantially the incidence of rashes in patients receiving both drugs as compared to patients receiving amoxicillin alone. It is not known whether this potentiation of amoxicillin rashes is due to allopurinol or the hyperuricemia present in these patients. There are no data with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension and allopurinol administered concurrently.

### Oral Contraceptives

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension may affect intestinal flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

### Effects on Laboratory Tests

High urine concentrations of amoxicillin may result in false-positive reactions when testing for the presence of glucose in urine using CLINITEST®, Benedict's Solution, or Fehling's Solution. Since this effect may also occur with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, it is recommended that glucose tests based on enzymatic glucose oxidase reactions be used.

Following administration of amoxicillin to pregnant women, a transient decrease in plasma concentration of total conjugated estriol, estriol-glucuronide, conjugated estrone, and estradiol has been noted.

## USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

### Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category B.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Reproduction studies performed in pregnant rats and mice given Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium (2:1 ratio formulation of amoxicillin:clavulanate) at oral dosages up to 1200 mg/kg/day revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium. The amoxicillin doses in rodents (based on body surface area and assuming a 20 kg child) were approximately 2 times (rats) or equal to (mice) the recommended clinical Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension dose of 90/6.4 mg/kg/day. For clavulanate, these dose multiples were approximately 15 times and 7.5 times the recommended daily dose of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension.

### Labor and Delivery

Oral ampicillin-class antibacterial drugs are generally poorly absorbed during labor. Studies in guinea pigs have shown that intravenous administration of ampicillin decreased the uterine tone, frequency of contractions, height of contractions, and duration of contractions. However, it is not known whether the use of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium in humans during labor or delivery has immediate or delayed adverse effects on the fetus, prolongs the duration of labor, or increases the likelihood that forceps delivery or other obstetrical intervention or resuscitation of the newborn will be necessary. In a single study in women with premature rupture of fetal membranes, it was reported that prophylactic treatment with Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium may be associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates.

### Nursing Mothers

Ampicillin-class antibacterial drugs are excreted in human milk; therefore, caution should be exercised when Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium is administered to a nursing woman.

### Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension in infants younger than 3 months have not been established. Safety and efficacy of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension have been demonstrated for treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children 3 months to 12 years [see Clinical Studies (14)].

The safety and effectiveness of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension have been established for the treatment of pediatric patients (3 months to 12 years) with acute bacterial sinusitis. This use is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium Extended Release Tablets in adults with acute bacterial sinusitis, studies of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension in pediatric patients with acute otitis media, and by similar pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanate in pediatric patients taking Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension [see Clinical Pharmacology (12)] and adults taking Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium Extended Release Tablets.

## Overdosage

Following overdosage, patients have experienced primarily gastrointestinal symptoms including stomach and abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Rash, hyperactivity, or drowsiness have also been observed in a small number of patients.

In case of overdosage, discontinue Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, treat symptomatically, and institute supportive measures as required. If the overdosage is very recent and there is no contraindication, an attempt at emesis or other means of removal of drug from the stomach may be performed. A prospective study of 51 pediatric patients at a poison control center suggested that overdosages of less than 250 mg/kg of amoxicillin are not associated with significant clinical symptoms and do not require gastric emptying.1

Interstitial nephritis resulting in oliguric renal failure has been reported in a small number of patients after overdosage with amoxicillin.

Crystalluria, in some cases leading to renal failure, has also been reported after amoxicillin overdosage in adult and pediatric patients. In case of overdosage, adequate fluid intake and diuresis should be maintained to reduce the risk of amoxicillin crystalluria.

Renal impairment appears to be reversible with cessation of drug administration. High blood levels may occur more readily in patients with impaired renal function because of decreased renal clearance of both amoxicillin and clavulanate. Both amoxicillin and clavulanate are removed from the circulation by hemodialysis [see Dosage and Administration (2)].

## Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Suspension Description

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, USP, is an oral antibacterial combination consisting of the semisynthetic antibacterial amoxicillin and the β-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanate potassium (the potassium salt of clavulanic acid). Amoxicillin is an analog of ampicillin, derived from the basic penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The amoxicillin molecular formula is C16H19N3O5S•3H2O, and the molecular weight is 419.46. Chemically, amoxicillin is (2S,5R,6R)-6-[(R)-(-)-2-Amino-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid trihydrate and may be represented structurally as:

Clavulanic acid is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a β-lactam structurally related to the penicillins and possesses the ability to inactivate a wide variety of β-lactamases by blocking the active sites of these enzymes. Clavulanic acid is particularly active against the clinically important plasmid-mediated β-lactamases frequently responsible for transferred drug resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. The clavulanate potassium molecular formula is C8H8KNO5 and the molecular weight is 237.25. Chemically, clavulanate potassium is potassium (Z)-(2R,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptane-2-carboxylate and may be represented structurally as:

Following constitution, each 5 mL of oral suspension contains 600 mg of amoxicillin as the trihydrate and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid (equivalent to 51.1 mg of clavulanate potassium).

Inactive Ingredients: Aspartame, colloidal silicon dioxide, strawberry cream flavor, xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and silicon dioxide. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].

Each 5 mL of reconstituted Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium contains 0.23 mEq potassium.

## Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Oral Suspension - Clinical Pharmacology

### Mechanism of Action

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension is an antibacterial drug [see Microbiology (12.4)].

### Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanate were determined in a study of 19 pediatric patients, 8 months to 11 years, given Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension at an amoxicillin dose of 45 mg/kg q12h with a snack or meal. The mean plasma amoxicillin and clavulanate pharmacokinetic parameter values are listed in the following table.

Table 1. Mean (±SD) Plasma Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Pharmacokinetic Parameter Values Following Administration of 45 mg/kg of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension Every 12 Hours to Pediatric Patients

* Arithmetic mean ± standard deviation, except Tmax values which are medians (ranges).
PARAMETER | AMOXICILLIN | CLAVULANATE
Cmax (mcg/mL) | 15.7 ± 7.7 | 1.7 ± 0.9
Tmax (hr) | 2.0 (1.0 to 4.0) | 1.1 (1.0 to 4.0)
AUC0-T (mcg*hr/mL) | 59.8 ± 20.0 | 4.0 ± 1.9
T½ (hr) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3
CL/F (L/hr/kg) | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 1.1

The effect of food on the oral absorption of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension has not been studied.

Approximately 50% to 70% of the amoxicillin and approximately 25% to 40% of the clavulanic acid are excreted unchanged in urine during the first 6 hours after administration of 10 mL of 250 mg/5 mL suspension of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium.

Concurrent administration of probenecid delays amoxicillin excretion but does not delay renal excretion of clavulanic acid.

Neither component in Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension is highly protein-bound; clavulanic acid has been found to be approximately 25% bound to human serum and amoxicillin approximately 18% bound.

Oral administration of a single dose ofAmoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension at 45 mg/kg (based on the amoxicillin component) to pediatric patients, 9 months to 8 years, yielded the following pharmacokinetic data for amoxicillin in plasma and middle ear fluid (MEF):

Table 2. Amoxicillin Concentrations in Plasma and Middle Ear Fluid Following Administration of 45 mg/kg of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension to Pediatric Patients

Timepoint | Amoxicillin concentration in plasma (mcg/mL) | Amoxicillin concentration in MEF (mcg/mL)
1 hour | mean median range | 7.7 9.3 1.5 to 14.0 (n equals 5) | 3.2 3.5 0.2 to 5.5 (n equals 4)
2 hour | mean median range | 15.7 13.0 11.0 to 25.0 (n equals 7) | 3.3 2.4 1.9 to 6 (n equals 5)
3 hour | mean median range | 13.0 12.0 5.5 to 21.0 (n equals 5) | 5.8 6.5 3.9 to 7.4 (n equals 5)

Dose administered immediately prior to eating.

Amoxicillin diffuses readily into most body tissues and fluids, with the exception of the brain and spinal fluid. The results of experiments involving the administration of clavulanic acid to animals suggest that this compound, like amoxicillin, is well distributed in body tissues.

### Microbiology

Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic antibacterial with a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Amoxicillin is, however, susceptible to degradation by β-lactamases, and therefore, its spectrum of activity does not include organisms which produce these enzymes. Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam, structurally related to penicillin, which possesses the ability to inactivate a wide range of β-lactamase enzymes commonly found in microorganisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. In particular, it has good activity against the clinically important plasmid-mediated β-lactamases frequently found responsible for transferred drug resistance.

The clavulanic acid component of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension protects amoxicillin from degradation by β-lactamase enzymes and effectively extends the antibacterial spectrum of amoxicillin to include many bacteria normally resistant to amoxicillin and other β-lactam antibacterials. Thus, Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension possesses the distinctive properties of a broad spectrum antibacterial and a β-lactamase inhibitor.

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections [see Indications and Usage (1)].

Gram-Positive bacteria:

Streptococcus pneumoniae (including isolates with penicillin MICs less than or equal to 2 mcg/mL)

Gram-Negative bacteria:

Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase-producing isolates)

Moraxella catarrhalis (including β-lactamase-producing isolates)

The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. At least 90% of the following microorganisms exhibit in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) less than or equal to the susceptible breakpoint for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. However, the safety and efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in treating infections due to these microorganisms have not been established in adequate and well-controlled trials.

Gram-Positive bacteria:

Staphylococcus aureus (including β-lactamase-producing isolates)

Staphylococci which are resistant to methicillin/oxacillin must be considered resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.

Streptococcus pyogenes

S. pyogenes do not produce β-lactamase, and therefore, are susceptible to amoxicillin alone. Adequate and well-controlled clinical trials have established the effectiveness of amoxicillin alone in treating certain clinical infections due to S. pyogenes.

Susceptibility Test Methods:

For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria and associated test methods and quality control standards recognized by FDA for this drug, please see https://www.fda.gov/STIC.

## Nonclinical Toxicology

### Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential. Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium (4:1 ratio formulation of amoxicillin:clavulanate) was non-mutagenic in the Ames bacterial mutation assay, and the yeast gene conversion assay. Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium was weakly positive in the mouse lymphoma assay, but the trend toward increased mutation frequencies in this assay occurred at concentrations that were also associated with decreased cell survival. Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium was negative in the mouse micronucleus test, and in the dominant lethal assay in mice. Potassium clavulanate alone was tested in the Ames bacterial mutation assay and in the mouse micronucleus test and was negative in each of these assays.

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium (2:1 ratio formulation of amoxicillin:clavulanate) at oral doses of up to 1,200 mg/kg/day was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance in rats. Based on body surface area (assuming a 20 kg child), this dose of amoxicillin is approximately 2 times the recommended clinical Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension dose of 90/6.4 mg/kg/day. For clavulanate, the dose multiple is approximately 15 times higher than the recommended clinical daily dose, also based on body surface area.

## Clinical Studies

Two clinical studies were conducted in pediatric patients with acute otitis media. A non-comparative, open-label study assessed the bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension (90/6.4 mg/kg/day, divided every 12 hours) for 10 days in 521 pediatric patients (3 to 50 months) with acute otitis media. The primary objective was to assess bacteriological response in children with acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniae with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid MICs of 4 mcg/mL. The study sought the enrollment of patients with the following risk factors: Failure of antibacterial therapy for acute otitis media in the previous 3 months, history of recurrent episodes of acute otitis media, 2 years or younger, or daycare attendance. Prior to receiving Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, all patients had tympanocentesis to obtain middle ear fluid for bacteriological evaluation. Patients from whom S. pneumoniae (alone or in combination with other bacteria) was isolated had a second tympanocentesis 4 to 6 days after the start of therapy. Clinical assessments were planned for all patients during treatment (4 to 6 days after starting therapy), as well as 2 to 4 days post-treatment and 15 to 18 days post-treatment. Bacteriological success was defined as the absence of the pretreatment pathogen from the on-therapy tympanocentesis specimen. Clinical success was defined as improvement or resolution of signs and symptoms. Clinical failure was defined as lack of improvement or worsening of signs and/or symptoms at any time following at least 72 hours of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension; patients who received an additional systemic antibacterial drug for otitis media after 3 days of therapy were considered clinical failures. Bacteriological eradication on therapy (day 4 to 6 visit) in the per protocol population is summarized in the following table:

Table 3. Bacteriologic Eradication Rates in the Per Protocol Population

*CI equals confidence intervals; 95% CIs are not adjusted for multiple comparisons.
| Bacteriologic Eradication on Therapy
Pathogen | n/N | % | 95% CI*
All S. pneumoniae | 121/123 | 98 | (94.3, 99.8)
S. pneumoniae with penicillin MIC equal to 2 mcg/mL | 19/19 | 100 | (82.4, 100.0)
S. pneumoniae with penicillin MIC equal to 4 mcg/mL | 12/14 | 86 | (57.2, 98.2)
H. influenzae | 75/81 | 93 | (84.6, 97.2)
M. catarrhalis | 11/11 | 100 | (71.5, 100.0)

Clinical assessments were made in the per protocol population 2 to 4 days post-therapy and 15 to 18 days post-therapy. Patients who responded to therapy 2 to 4 days post-therapy were followed for 15 to 18 days post-therapy to assess them for acute otitis media. Non-responders at 2 to 4 days post-therapy were considered failures at the latter timepoint.

Table 4. Clinical Assessments in the Per Protocol Population (Includes S. pneumoniae Patients with Penicillin MICs equal to 2 or 4 mcg/mL*)

| 2 to 4 Days Post-Therapy (Primary Endpoint)
Pathogen | n/N | % | 95% CI†
All S. pneumoniae | 122/137 | 89 | (82.6, 93.7)
S. pneumoniae with penicillin MIC equal to 2 mcg/mL | 17/20 | 85 | (62.1, 96.8)
S. pneumoniae with penicillin MIC equal to 4 mcg/mL | 11/14 | 79 | (49.2, 95.3)
H. influenzae | 141/162 | 87 | (80.9, 91.8)
M. catarrhalis | 22/26 | 85 | (65.1, 95.6)

* S. pneumoniae strains with penicillin MICs of 2 or 4 mcg/mL are considered resistant to penicillin.
† CI equals confidence intervals; 95% CIs are not adjusted for multiple comparisons.
‡ Clinical assessments at 15 to 18 days post-therapy may have been confounded by viral infections and new episodes of acute otitis media with time elapsed post-treatment.
| 15 to 18 Days Post-Therapy‡ (Secondary Endpoint)
Pathogen | n/N | % | 95% CI†
All S. pneumoniae | 95/136 | 70 | (61.4, 77.4)
S. pneumoniae with penicillin MIC equal to 2 mcg/mL | 11/20 | 55 | (31.5, 76.9)
S. pneumoniae with penicillin MIC equal to 4 mcg/mL | 5/14 | 36 | (12.8, 64.9)
H. influenzae | 106/156 | 68 | (60.0, 75.2)
M. catarrhalis | 14/25 | 56 | (34.9, 75.6)

In the intent-to-treat analysis, overall clinical outcomes at 2 to 4 days and 15 to 18 days post-treatment in patients with S. pneumoniae with penicillin MIC equal to 2 mcg/mL and 4 mcg/mL were 29/41 (71%) and 17/41 (42%), respectively.

## REFERENCES

1. Swanson-Biearman B, Dean BS, Lopez G, Krenzelok EP. The effects of penicillin and cephalosporin ingestions in children less than six years of age. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1988; 30:66-67.

## How Supplied/Storage and Handling

How Supplied

Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension USP:

600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL: Strawberry cream-flavored powder for oral suspension. Following constitution, each 5 mL of oral suspension contains 600 mg of amoxicillin as the trihydrate and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid as the potassium salt (equivalent to 51.1 mg of clavulanate potassium).

NDC 81964-203-51 | 75 mL bottle
NDC 81964-203-69 | 125 mL bottle
NDC 81964-203-54 | 200 mL bottle

Storage

Store dry powder for oral suspension at or below 25°C (77°F). Dispense in original container. Store reconstituted suspension under refrigeration. Discard unused suspension after 10 days.

## Patient Counseling Information

Administration Instructions

Inform patients to take Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension every 12 hours with a meal or snack to reduce the possibility of gastrointestinal upset. If diarrhea develops and is severe or lasts more than 2 or 3 days, call your doctor.

Allergic Reactions

Counsel patients that Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension contains a penicillin class drug product that can cause allergic reactions in some individuals.

Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCAR)

Advise patients about the signs and symptoms of serious skin manifestations. Instruct patients to stop taking Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension immediately and promptly report the first signs or symptoms of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Diarrhea

Counsel patients that diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibacterial drugs which usually ends when the antibacterial is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibacterial drugs, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as 2 or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibacterial drug. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.

Antibacterial Resistance

Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs, including Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, should only be used to treat bacterial infections. Antibacterial drugs do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may: (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment, and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension or other antibacterial drugs in the future.

Storage Instructions

Keep suspension refrigerated. Shake well before using. When dosing a child with the suspension (liquid) of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension, use a dosing spoon or medicine dropper. Be sure to rinse the spoon or dropper after each use. Bottles of suspension of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for oral suspension may contain more liquid than required. Follow your doctor's instructions about the amount to use and the days of treatment your child requires. Discard any unused medicine.

Phenylketonuria

Counsel patients with phenylketonuria: Each 5 mL of reconstituted Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium contains 7 mg phenylalanine.

Manufactured by:

USAntibiotics, LLC
Bristol, TN 37620 (USA)

CLINITEST is a registered trademark of Miles, Inc.

FLAVORx is a trademark of FLAVORx. Inc.

## PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL: Container Label - 75 mL

NDC 81964-203-51
600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL

AMOXICILLIN AND
CLAVULANATE
POTASSIUM

for oral suspension, USP

When reconstituted, each 5 mL contains:
AMOXICILLIN, 600 mg
as the trihydrate, and
CLAVULANIC ACID, 42.9 mg
(equivalent to 51.1 mg of clavulanate potassium)

75 mL
(when reconstituted)

U
S

​ANTIBIOTICS Rx only

## PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL: Container Label - 125 mL

NDC 81964-203-69
600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL

AMOXICILLIN AND
CLAVULANATE
POTASSIUM

for oral suspension, USP

When reconstituted, each 5 mL contains:
AMOXICILLIN, 600 mg
as the trihydrate, and
CLAVULANIC ACID, 42.9 mg
(equivalent to 51.1 mg of clavulanate potassium)

125 mL
(when reconstituted)

U
S

​ANTIBIOTICS Rx only

## PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL: Container Label - 200 mL

NDC 81964-203-54
600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL

AMOXICILLIN AND
CLAVULANATE
POTASSIUM

for oral suspension, USP

When reconstituted, each 5 mL contains:
AMOXICILLIN, 600 mg
as the trihydrate, and
CLAVULANIC ACID, 42.9 mg
(equivalent to 51.1 mg of clavulanate potassium)

200 mL
(when reconstituted)

U
S

​ANTIBIOTICS Rx only

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for suspension

Product Information
Product Type | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | Item Code (Source) | NDC:81964-203
Route of Administration | ORAL | DEA Schedule |

Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient Name | Basis of Strength | Strength
AMOXICILLIN (AMOXICILLIN ANHYDROUS) | AMOXICILLIN ANHYDROUS | 600 mg in 5 mL
CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM (CLAVULANIC ACID) | CLAVULANIC ACID | 42.9 mg in 5 mL

Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient Name | Strength
SILICON DIOXIDE |
XANTHAN GUM |
ASPARTAME |
CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM |

Product Characteristics
Color |  | Score |
Shape |  | Size |
Flavor | STRAWBERRY | Imprint Code |
Contains |

Packaging
# | Item Code | Package Description
1 | NDC:81964-203-51 | 75 mL in 1 BOTTLE
2 | NDC:81964-203-69 | 125 mL in 1 BOTTLE
3 | NDC:81964-203-54 | 200 mL in 1 BOTTLE

Marketing Information
Marketing Category | Application Number or Monograph Citation | Marketing Start Date | Marketing End Date
NDA authorized generic | NDA050755 | 09/19/2022 |

Labeler - USAntibiotics, LLC (118085486)

Establishment
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Operations
USAntibiotics, LLC |  | 118085486 | manufacture(81964-203), analysis(81964-203), pack(81964-203)

USAntibiotics, LLC

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