joseph barbera was an italian producer
il canto degli italiani written by goffredo mameli set to music by michele novaro is also known as the inno di mameli after the author of the lyrics or fratelli ditalia from its opening line
 until the 13th century italian politics was dominated by the relations between the holy roman emperors and the papacy with most of the italian citystates siding with the former ghibellines or with the latter guelphs for momentary convenience