Section: 9.3.2.5 Data Forwarding for the User Plane
Content: In case of indirect data forwarding, user plane handling for inter-System data forwarding from 5GS to EPS follows the following key principles: - For the QoS flows accepted for data forwarding, the NG-RAN node initiates data forwarding to the UPF by the corresponding PDU session data forwarding tunnel(s). - The UPF maps forwarded data received from the per PDU session data forwarding tunnel(s) to the mapped EPS bearer(s) removing the QFI. - Handling of end marker packets: - The source NG-RAN node receives one or several end marker packets per PDU session from the UPF. When there are no more data packets to be forwarded for QoS flows mapped to an E-RAB, the source NG-RAN node sends one or several end markers including one QFI (by means of the PDU Session User Plane protocol TS 38.415[ NG-RAN; PDU session user plane protocol ]  [30]) of those QoS flows mapped to that E-RAB and sends the end marker packets to the UPF over the PDU session tunnel. From the included QFI in the end markers and its mapping to an EPS bearer ID, the UPF knows which EPS bearer tunnel it needs to forward the end-markers to the SGW. The QFI is removed in the end marker packets sent to the SGW. In case of direct data forwarding, user plane handling for inter-System data forwarding from 5GS to EPS follows the following key principles: - For the QoS flows accepted for data forwarding, the source NG-RAN node maps data received from the NG-U PDU session tunnel to the respective E-RAB data forwarding tunnel and forwards each user packet as PDCP SDU without PDCP SN and QFI information. - The source NG-RAN node receives one or several GTP-U end marker packets per PDU session from the UPF and replicates the end marker packets into each E-RAB data forwarding tunnel when no more user data packets are to be forwarded over that tunnel.