Section: 8.1 Description
Content: IoT introduces new UEs with different life cycles, including IoT devices with no user interface (e.g. embedded sensors), long life spans during which an IoT device can change ownership several times (e.g. consumer goods), and which cannot be pre-provisioned (e.g. consumer goods). These drive a need for secure mechanisms to dynamically establish or refresh credentials and subscriptions. New access technologies, including licensed and unlicensed, 3GPP and non-3GPP, drive a need for access-independent security that is seamlessly available while the IoT device is active. High-end smartphones, UAVs, and factory automation drive a need for protection against theft and fraud. A high level of 5G security is essential for critical communication, e.g. in industrial automation, industrial IoT, and the Smart Grid. Expansion into enterprise, vehicular, medical, and public safety markets drive a need for increased end user privacy protection. 5G security addresses all of these new needs while continuing to provide security consistent with prior 3GPP systems.