Section: 15.5.2.4 Inter-system Ping-pong
Content: One of the functions of Mobility Robustness Optimization is to detect ping-pongs that occur in inter-system environment. The problem is defined as follows: - A UE is handed over from a cell in a source system (e.g. 5GS) to a cell in a target system different from the source system (e.g. EPS), then within a predefined limited time the UE is handed over back to a cell in the source system, while the coverage of the source system was sufficient for the service used by the UE. The event may occur more than once. The solution for the problem may consist of the following steps: 1) Statistics regarding inter-system ping-pong occurrences are collected by the responsible node; 2) Coverage verification is performed to check if the mobility to other system was inevitable. The statistics regarding ping-pong occurrence may be based on evaluation of the UE History Information IE in the HANDOVER REQUIRED message. If the evaluation indicates a potential ping-pong case and the source NG_RAN node of the 1st inter-system handover is different than the target NG-RAN node of the 2nd inter-system handover, the target NG-RAN node may use the HANDOVER REPORT message or the UPLINK RAN CONFIGURATION TRANSFER message to indicate the occurrence of potential ping-pong cases to the source NG-RAN node. If NG-RAN coverage during the potential ping-pong event needs to be verified for the purpose of determining corrective measures, the Unnecessary HO to another system procedure may be used. NOTE: Inter-system mobility triggered by Voice Fallback is not considered as inter-system ping-pong.