Section: 4.3.2.2.1 Non-roaming and Roaming with Local Breakout
Content: Clause 4.3.2.2.1 specifies PDU Session establishment in the non-roaming and roaming with local breakout cases. The procedure is used to: - Establish a new PDU Session; - Handover a PDN Connection in EPS to PDU Session in 5GS without N26 interface; - Switching an existing PDU Session between non-3GPP access and 3GPP access. The specific system behaviour in this case is further defined in clauses 4.9.2 and 4.9.3; or - Request a PDU Session for Emergency services. In the case of roaming, the AMF determines if a PDU Session is to be established in LBO or Home Routing. In the case of LBO, the procedure is as in the case of non-roaming with the difference that the AMF, the SMF, the UPF and the PCF are located in the visited network. PDU Sessions for Emergency services are never established in Home Routed mode. If Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation is enabled for the PDU session with LBO, the NEF is not used as the anchor of this PDU Session. NOTE 1: UE provides both the S-NSSAIs of the Home PLMN and Visited PLMN to the network as described in clause 5.15.5.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. Figure 4.3.2.2.1-1: UE-requested PDU Session Establishment for non-roaming and roaming with local breakout The procedure assumes that the UE has already registered on the AMF thus unless the UE is Emergency Registered the AMF has already retrieved the user subscription data from the UDM. 1. From UE to AMF: NAS Message (S-NSSAI(s), [Alternative S-NSSAI], UE Requested DNN, PDU Session ID, Request type, Old PDU Session ID, N1 SM container (PDU Session Establishment Request, [Port Management Information Container])). In order to establish a new PDU Session, the UE generates a new PDU Session ID. The UE initiates the UE Requested PDU Session Establishment procedure by the transmission of a NAS message containing a PDU Session Establishment Request within the N1 SM container. The PDU Session Establishment Request includes a PDU session ID, Requested PDU Session Type, a Requested SSC mode, 5GSM Capability, PCO, SM PDU DN Request Container, [Number Of Packet Filters], [Header Compression Configuration], UE Integrity Protection Maximum Data Rate, [Always-on PDU Session Requested], [RSN], [Connection Capabilities] and [PDU Session Pair ID]. The Request Type indicates "Initial request" if the PDU Session Establishment is a request to establish a new PDU Session and indicates "Existing PDU Session" if the request refers to an existing PDU Session switching between 3GPP access and non-3GPP access or to a PDU Session handover from an existing PDN connection in EPC. If the request refers to an existing PDN connection in EPC, the S-NSSAI is set as described in clause 5.15.7.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2] When Emergency service is required and an Emergency PDU Session is not already established, a UE shall initiate the UE Requested PDU Session Establishment procedure with a Request Type indicating "Emergency Request". The Request Type indicates "Emergency Request" if the PDU Session Establishment is a request to establish a PDU Session for Emergency services. The Request Type indicates "Existing Emergency PDU Session" if the request refers to an existing PDU Session for Emergency services switching between 3GPP access and non-3GPP access or to a PDU Session handover from an existing PDN connection for Emergency services in EPC. The 5GSM Core Network Capability is provided by the UE and handled by SMF as defined in clause 5.4.4b of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. The Number Of Packet Filters indicates the number of supported packet filters for signalled QoS rules for the PDU Session that is being established. The number of packet filters indicated by the UE is valid for the lifetime of the PDU Session. For presence condition, see TS 24.501[ Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3 ]  [25]. The UE Integrity Protection Maximum Data Rate indicates the maximum data rate up to which the UE can support UP integrity protection. The UE shall provide the UE Integrity Protection Data Rate capability independently of the Access Type over which the UE sends the PDU Session Establishment Request. If the use of header compression for Control Plane CIoT 5GS optimisation was negotiated successfully between the UE and the network in the previous registration procedure, the UE shall include the Header Compression Configuration, unless "Unstructured" PDU Session Type is indicated. The Header Compression Configuration includes the information necessary for the header compression channel setup. Optionally, the Header Compression Configuration may include additional header compression context parameters. The NAS message sent by the UE is encapsulated by the AN in a N2 message towards the AMF that should include User location information and Access Type Information. The PDU Session Establishment Request message may contain SM PDU DN Request Container containing information for the PDU Session authorization by the external DN. The UE includes the S-NSSAI from the Allowed NSSAI of the current access type or Partially Allowed NSSAI. If the UE is provided with the mapping of an S-NSSAI that is replaced by an Alternative S-NSSAI, the UE shall provide both the Alternative S-NSSAI and the S-NSSAI that is replaced by it. If the Mapping of Allowed NSSAI or Mapping Of Partially Allowed NSSAI was provided to the UE, the UE shall provide both the S-NSSAI of the VPLMN from the Allowed NSSAI or Partially Allowed NSSAI and the corresponding S-NSSAI of the HPLMN from the Mapping Of Allowed NSSAI or Mapping Of Partially Allowed NSSAI. If the UE is provided with the mapping of the VPLMN S-NSSAI to a VPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI, the UE provides both the VPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI and the VPLMN S-NSSAI in the PDU Session Establishment message. If the UE is provided with the mapping of the HPLMN S-NSSAI to a HPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI, the UE provides both the HPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI and the HPLMN S-NSSAI in the PDU Session Establishment message. If the procedure is triggered for SSC mode 3 operation, the UE shall also include the Old PDU Session ID which indicates the PDU Session ID of the on-going PDU Session to be released, in NAS message. The Old PDU Session ID is included only in this case. The AMF receives from the AN the NAS SM message (built in step 1) together with User Location Information (e.g. Cell Id in the case of the NG-RAN). The UE shall not trigger a PDU Session establishment for a PDU Session corresponding to a LADN when the UE is outside the area of availability of the LADN. The UE shall not trigger a PDU Session establishment for a PDU Session associated to an S-NSSAI if the S-NSSAI is not valid as per the S-NSSAI location availability information. If the UE is establishing a PDU session for IMS and the UE is configured to discover the P-CSCF address during connectivity establishment, the UE shall include an indicator that it requests a P-CSCF IP address(es) within the SM container. The PS Data Off status is included in the PCO in the PDU Session Establishment Request message. The UE capability to support Reliable Data Service is included in the PCO in the PDU Session Establishment Request message. If the UE has indicated that it supports transfer of Port Management Information Containers as per UE 5GSM Core Network Capability and if the PDU session type is Ethernet, then the UE shall include the MAC address of the DS-TT Ethernet port used for this Ethernet PDU session. If the UE is aware of the UE-DS-TT Residence Time, then the UE shall additionally include the UE-DS-TT Residence Time. If the UE requests to establish always-on PDU session, the UE includes an Always-on PDU Session Requested indication in the PDU Session Establishment Request message. As described in TS 23.548[ 5G System Enhancements for Edge Computing; Stage 2 ]  [74], a UE that hosts EEC(s) may indicate in the PCO that it supports the ability to receive ECS address(es) via NAS and to transfer the ECS Address(es) to the EEC(s). A UE that hosts the EDC functionality shall indicate in the PCO its capability to support the EDC functionality (see clause 5.2.1 of TS 23.548[ 5G System Enhancements for Edge Computing; Stage 2 ]  [74]). The UE may also include PDU Session Pair ID and/or RSN in PDU Session Establishment Request message as described in clause 5.33.2.1 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. A UE that supports EAS re-discovery as described in clause 6.2.3.3 of TS 23.548[ 5G System Enhancements for Edge Computing; Stage 2 ]  [74], may indicate so in the PCO. Port Management Information Container may be received from DS-TT and includes port management capabilities, i.e. information indicating which standardized and deployment-specific port management information is supported by DS-TT as defined in clause 5.28.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If UE supports to report URSP rule enforcement to network and the URSP rule that triggered this PDU Session Establishment Request included the Indication for reporting URSP rule enforcement, the UE may provide Connection Capabilities as described in clause 6.6.2.4 of TS 23.503[ Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 ]  [20]. 2. For NR satellite access, the AMF may decide to verify the UE location as described in clause 5.4.11.4 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. The AMF determines that the message corresponds to a request for a new PDU Session based on that Request Type indicates "initial request" and that the PDU Session ID is not used for any existing PDU Session of the UE. If the NAS message does not contain an S-NSSAI, the AMF determines an S-NSSAI of the Serving PLMN for the requested PDU Session from the current Allowed NSSAI for the UE. If there is only one S-NSSAI in the Allowed NSSAI, this S-NSSAI shall be used. If there is more than one S-NSSAI in the Allowed NSSAI, the S-NSSAI selected is either according to the UE subscription, if the subscription contains only one default S-NSSAI and the corresponding mapped HPLMN S-NSSAI of the Serving PLMN is included in the Allowed NSSAI, or based on operator policy (e.g. also ensures any UE Requested DNN is allowed for the selected S-NSSAI)). When the NAS Message contains an S-NSSAI of the Serving PLMN but it does not contain a DNN, the AMF determines the DNN for the requested PDU Session by selecting the default DNN for this S-NSSAI if the default DNN is present in the UE's Subscription Information (or for the corresponding S-NSSAI of the HPLMN, in the case of LBO); otherwise the serving AMF selects a locally configured DNN for this S-NSSAI of the Serving PLMN. If the AMF cannot select an SMF (e.g. the UE requested DNN is not supported by the network, or the UE requested DNN is not in the Subscribed DNN List for the S-NSSAI (or its mapped value for the HPLMN in the case of LBO) and wildcard DNN is not included in the Subscribed DNN list), the AMF shall, based on operator policies received from PCF, either reject the NAS Message containing PDU Session Establishment Request from the UE with an appropriate cause or request PCF to replace the UE requested DNN by a selected DNN. If the DNN requested by the UE is present in the UE subscription information but indicated for replacement in the operator policies received from PCF, the AMF shall request the PCF to perform a DNN replacement to a selected DNN. AMF requests DNN replacement as specified in clause 4.16.2.1.1. If the DNN requested by the UE is present in the UE subscription information but not supported by the network and not indicated for replacement in the operator policies received from PCF, the AMF shall reject the NAS Message containing PDU Session Establishment Request from the UE with an appropriate cause value. The AMF selects an SMF as described in clause 6.3.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2] and clause 4.3.2.2.3. If the Request Type indicates "Initial request" or the request is due to handover from EPS or from non-3GPP access serving by a different AMF, the AMF stores an association of the S-NSSAI(s), the DNN, the PDU Session ID, the SMF ID as well as the Access Type of the PDU Session. If the AMF determines to replace the S-NSSAI received from the UE with the Alternative S-NSSAI or the AMF receives the Alternative S-NSSAI and the S-NSSAI is by the UE, the AMF selects the SMF based on the Alternative S-NSSAI. During registration procedures, the AMF determines the use of the Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation or User Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation based on UEs indications in the 5G Preferred Network Behaviour, the serving operator policies and the network support of CIoT 5GS optimisations. The AMF selects an SMF that supports Control Plane CIoT 5GS optimisation or User Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation as described in clause 6.3.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If the Request Type is "initial request" and if the Old PDU Session ID indicating the existing PDU Session is also contained in the message, the AMF selects an SMF as described in clause 4.3.5.2 and stores an association of the new PDU Session ID, the S-NSSAI(s), the selected SMF ID as well as Access Type of the PDU Session. If the Request Type indicates "Existing PDU Session", the AMF selects the SMF based on SMF-ID received from UDM. The case where the Request Type indicates "Existing PDU Session" and either the AMF does not recognize the PDU Session ID or the subscription context that the AMF received from UDM during the Registration or Subscription Profile Update Notification procedure does not contain an SMF ID corresponding to the PDU Session ID constitutes an error case. The AMF updates the Access Type stored for the PDU Session. If the Request Type indicates "Existing PDU Session" referring to an existing PDU Session moved between 3GPP access and non-3GPP access, then if the Serving PLMN S-NSSAI of the PDU Session is present in the Allowed NSSAI of the target access type or Partially Allowed NSSAI, the PDU Session Establishment procedure can be performed in the following cases: - the SMF ID corresponding to the PDU Session ID and the AMF belong to the same PLMN; - the SMF ID corresponding to the PDU Session ID belongs to the HPLMN; Otherwise the AMF shall reject the PDU Session Establishment Request with an appropriate reject cause. NOTE 2: The SMF ID includes the PLMN ID that the SMF belongs to. The AMF shall reject a request coming from an Emergency Registered UE and the Request Type indicates neither "Emergency Request" nor "Existing Emergency PDU Session". When the Request Type indicates "Emergency Request", the AMF is not expecting any S-NSSAI and DNN value provided by the UE and uses locally configured values instead. The AMF stores the Access Type of the PDU Session. If the Request Type indicates "Emergency Request" or "Existing Emergency PDU Session", the AMF selects the SMF as described in clause 5.16.4 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If the AMF is running a slice deregistration inactivity timer for the S-NSSAI of the PDU Session, the AMF stops the timer. 3. From AMF to SMF: Either Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request (SUPI, selected DNN, UE requested DNN, S-NSSAI(s), [Alternative S-NSSAI], PDU Session ID, AMF ID, Request Type, [PCF ID, Same PCF Selection Indication], Priority Access, [Small Data Rate Control Status], N1 SM container (PDU Session Establishment Request), User location information, Access Type, RAT Type, PEI, GPSI, UE presence in LADN service area, Subscription For PDU Session Status Notification, DNN Selection Mode, Trace Requirements, Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation indication, Control Plane Only indicator, Satellite backhaul category, GEO Satellite ID, [PVS FQDN(s) and/or PVS IP address(es), Onboarding Indication], Disaster Roaming service indication) or Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request (SUPI, DNN, S-NSSAI(s), SM Context ID, AMF ID, Request Type, N1 SM container (PDU Session Establishment Request), User location information, Access Type, RAT type, PEI, Serving Network (PLMN ID, or PLMN ID and NID, see clause 5.18 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]), Satellite backhaul category, GEO Satellite ID), [PCF binding information, notification of SM Policy Association establishment Indication]. If the AMF does not have an association with an SMF for the PDU Session ID provided by the UE (e.g. when Request Type indicates "initial request"), the AMF invokes the Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request, but if the AMF already has an association with an SMF for the PDU Session ID provided by the UE (e.g. when Request Type indicates "existing PDU Session"), the AMF invokes the Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request. The AMF sends the S-NSSAI of the Serving PLMN from the Allowed NSSAI or Partially Allowed NSSAI to the SMF. If the AMF determined to replace the S-NSSAI received from the UE with an Alternative S-NSSAI and the AMF selected the SMF based on the Alternative S-NSSAI in step 2, the AMF sends both the S-NSSAI value of the Alternative S-NSSAI and the S-NSSAI value of the S-NSSAI received from the UE to the SMF. If the Alternative S-NSSAI and the S-NSSAI is provided by the UE and the AMF selected the SMF based on the Alternative S-NSSAI in step 2, the AMF sends both the S-NSSAI value of the Alternative S-NSSAI and the S-NSSAI value of the S-NSSAI received from the UE to the SMF. For roaming scenario in local breakout (LBO), the AMF also sends the corresponding S-NSSAI of the HPLMN from the Mapping Of Allowed NSSAI or Mapping Of Partially Allowed NSSAI to the SMF. If the AMF determines to replace the HPLMN S-NSSAI received from the UE with the HPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI or the AMF receives the HPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI and the HPLMN S-NSSAI provided by the UE, the AMF sends both HPLMN S-NSSAI and HPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI to the SMF. The AMF ID is the UE's GUAMI which uniquely identifies the AMF serving the UE. The AMF forwards the PDU Session ID together with the N1 SM container containing the PDU Session Establishment Request received from the UE. The GPSI shall be included if available at AMF. The AMF determines Access Type and RAT Type, see clause 4.2.2.2.1. The AMF provides the PEI instead of the SUPI when the UE in limited service state has registered for Emergency services (i.e. Emergency Registered) without providing a SUPI. The PEI is defined in clause 5.9.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If the UE in limited service state has registered for Emergency services (i.e. Emergency Registered) with a SUPI but has not been authenticated the AMF indicates that the SUPI has not been authenticated. The SMF determines that the UE has not been authenticated when it does not receive a SUPI for the UE or when the AMF indicates that the SUPI has not been authenticated. If the AMF determines that the selected DNN corresponds to an LADN then the AMF provides the "UE presence in LADN service area" that indicates if the UE is IN or OUT of the LADN service area. If the AMF enforces the LADN Service Area per LADN DNN and S-NSSAI, then the AMF also provides an indication that "the PDU Session is subject to LADN per LADN DNN and S-NSSAI". If the Old PDU Session ID is included in step 1 and if the SMF is not to be reallocated, the AMF also includes Old PDU Session ID in the Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request. DNN Selection Mode is determined by the AMF. It indicates whether an explicitly subscribed DNN has been provided by the UE in its PDU Session Establishment Request. The SMF may use DNN Selection Mode when deciding whether to accept or reject the UE request. When the Establishment cause received as part of AN parameters during the Registration procedure or Service Request procedure is associated with priority services (e.g. MPS, MCX), or when the AMF determines the UE has priority subscription (e.g. MPS, MCX) in the UDM, the AMF includes a Message Priority header to indicate priority information. The SMF uses the Message Priority header to determine if the UE request is subject to exemption from NAS level congestion control. Other NFs relay the priority information by including the Message Priority header in service-based interfaces, as specified in TS 29.500[ 5G System; Technical Realization of Service Based Architecture; Stage 3 ]  [17]. In the local breakout case, if the SMF (in the VPLMN) is not able to process some part of the N1 SM information that Home Routed Roaming is required and the SMF responds to the AMF that it is not the right SMF to handle the N1 SM message by invoking Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Response service operation. The SMF includes a proper N11 cause code triggering the AMF to proceed with home routed case. The procedure starts again at step 2 of clause 4.3.2.2.2. In the non-roaming case, for PDU Session with Request Type "initial request", the AMF checks if the PCF Selection Assistance info from the UDM indicates that the same PCF is required for the requested DNN and S-NSSAI and if required, the AMF includes in Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request both the Same PCF Selection Indication and the PCF ID selected by the AMF, this PCF ID identifies the H-PCF, If PCF Selection Assistance info is not received from the UDM, the AMF may include a PCF ID in the Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request based on operator policies. This PCF ID identifies the H-PCF in the non-roaming case and the V-PCF in the local breakout roaming case. The AMF includes Trace Requirements if Trace Requirements have been received in subscription data. If the AMF decides to use the Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation or User Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation as specified in step 2 or to only use Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation for the PDU session as described in clause 5.31.4 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], the AMF sends the Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation indication or Control Plane Only indicator to the SMF. If the AMF determines that the RAT type is NB-IoT and the number of PDU Sessions with user plane resources activated for the UE has reached the maximum number of supported user plane resources (0, 1 or 2) based on whether the UE supports UP data transfer and the UE's 5GMM Core Network Capability as described in clause 5.31.19 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], the AMF may either reject the PDU Session Establishment Request or continue with the PDU Session establishment and include the Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation indication or Control Plane Only indicator to the SMF. The AMF includes the latest Small Data Rate Control Status if it has stored it for the PDU Session. If the RAT type was included in the message, then the SMF stores the RAT type in SM Context. If the UE supports CE mode B and use of CE mode B is not restricted according to the Enhanced Coverage Restriction information in the UE context in the AMF, then the AMF shall include the extended NAS-SM timer indication. Based on the extended NAS-SM timer indication, the SMF shall use the extended NAS-SM timer setting for the UE as specified in TS 24.501[ Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3 ]  [25]. If the identity of an NWDAF is available to the AMF, the AMF informs the SMF of the NWDAF ID(s) used for UE related Analytics and corresponding Analytics ID(s). If the AMF, based on configuration, is aware that the UE is accessing over a gNB using satellite backhaul as defined in clause 5.43.4 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], the AMF determines the type of satellite backhaul category and includes Satellite backhaul category to the SMF. If the AMF, based on configuration, is aware that the UE is accessing over a gNB using GEO satellite backhaul, the AMF may, based on configuration, include the GEO satellite ID as described in clause 5.43.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. The AMF may provide the Disaster Roaming service indication as specified in TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. 4. If Session Management Subscription data for corresponding SUPI, DNN and S-NSSAI of the HPLMN is not available, then SMF retrieves the Session Management Subscription data using Nudm_SDM_Get (SUPI, Session Management Subscription data, selected DNN, S-NSSAI of the HPLMN, Serving PLMN ID, [NID]) and subscribes to be notified when this subscription data is modified using Nudm_SDM_Subscribe (SUPI, Session Management Subscription data, selected DNN, S-NSSAI of the HPLMN, Serving PLMN ID, [NID]). UDM may get this information from UDR by Nudr_DM_Query (SUPI, Subscription Data, Session Management Subscription data, selected DNN, S-NSSAI of the HPLMN, Serving PLMN ID, [NID]) and may subscribe to notifications from UDR for the same data by Nudr_DM_subscribe. If a S-NSSAI is subject to network slice usage control and the S-NSSAI is dedicated to a single AF, for a PDU Session for non-roaming subscribers, the UDM may provide a Slice Usage Policy information including whether a network slice is on demand and a PDU Session inactivity timer value as described in clause 5.15.15 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. The SMF may use DNN Selection Mode when deciding whether to retrieve the Session Management Subscription data e.g. if the (selected DNN, S-NSSAI of the HPLMN) is not explicitly subscribed, the SMF may use local configuration instead of Session Management Subscription data. If the Request Type in step 3 indicates "Existing PDU Session" or "Existing Emergency PDU Session" the SMF determines that the request is due to switching between 3GPP access and non-3GPP access or due to handover from EPS. The SMF identifies the existing PDU Session based on the PDU Session ID. In such a case, the SMF does not create a new SM context but instead updates the existing SM context and provides the representation of the updated SM context to the AMF in the response. If the Request Type is "Initial request" and if the Old PDU Session ID is included in Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request, the SMF identifies the existing PDU Session to be released based on the Old PDU Session ID. Subscription data includes the Allowed PDU Session Type(s), Allowed SSC mode(s), default 5QI and ARP, subscribed Session-AMBR, SMF-Associated external parameters. IP Index or Static IP address/prefix may be included in the subscription data if the UE has subscribed to it. The SMF checks the validity of the UE request: it checks: - Whether the UE request is compliant with the user subscription and with local policies; - (If the selected DNN corresponds to an LADN), whether the UE is located within the LADN service area based on the "UE presence in LADN service area" indication from the AMF. If the AMF does not provide the "UE presence in LADN service area" indication and the SMF determines that the selected DNN corresponds to a LADN, then the SMF considers that the UE is OUT of the LADN service area. The SMF determines whether the PDU Session requires redundancy and the SMF determines the RSN as described in clause 5.33.2.1 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If the SMF determines that redundant handling is not allowed or not possible for the given PDU Session, the SMF shall either reject the establishment of the PDU Session or accept the establishment of a PDU session without redundancy handling based on local policy. If the UE request is considered as not valid, the SMF decides to not accept to establish the PDU Session. NOTE 3: The SMF can, instead of the Nudm_SDM_Get service operation, use the Nudm_SDM_Subscribe service operation with an Immediate Report Indication that triggers the UDM to immediately return the subscribed data if the corresponding feature is supported by both the SMF and the UDM. For a Disaster Roaming service, the UDM provides the Session Management Subscription data to the SMF based on the local policy and/or the local configuration as specified in clause 5.40.4 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. For an S-NSSAI subject to NSAC and if LBO applies, the SMF in supporting VPLMN stores the applicable NSAC admission mode. 5. From SMF to AMF: Either Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Response (Cause, SM Context ID or N1 SM container (PDU Session Reject (Cause))) or an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response depending on the request received in step 3. If the SMF received Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request in step 3 and the SMF is able to process the PDU Session establishment request, the SMF creates an SM context and responds to the AMF by providing an SM Context ID. If the UP Security Policy for the PDU Session is determined to have Integrity Protection set to "Required", the SMF may, based on local configuration, decide whether to accept or reject the PDU Session request based on the UE Integrity Protection Maximum Data Rate. NOTE 4: The SMF can e.g. be configured to reject a PDU Session if the UE Integrity Protection Maximum Data Rate has a very low value, if the services provided by the DN would require higher bitrates. When the SMF decides to not accept to establish a PDU Session, the SMF rejects the UE request via NAS SM signalling including a relevant SM rejection cause by responding to the AMF with Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Response. The SMF also indicates to the AMF that the PDU Session ID is to be considered as released, the SMF proceeds to step 20 and the PDU Session Establishment procedure is stopped. 6. Optional Secondary authentication/authorization. If the Request Type in step 3 indicates "Existing PDU Session", the SMF does not perform secondary authentication/authorization. If the Request Type received in step 3 indicates "Emergency Request" or "Existing Emergency PDU Session", the SMF shall not perform secondary authentication\authorization. If the SMF needs to perform secondary authentication/authorization during the establishment of the PDU Session by a DN-AAA Server as described in clause 5.6.6 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], the SMF triggers the PDU Session establishment authentication/authorization as described in clause 4.3.2.3. 7a. If dynamic PCC is to be used for the PDU Session, the SMF performs PCF selection as described in clause 6.3.7.1 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If the Request Type indicates "Existing PDU Session" or "Existing Emergency PDU Session", the SMF shall use the PCF already selected for the PDU Session. Otherwise, the SMF may apply local policy. 7b. The SMF may perform an SM Policy Association Establishment procedure as defined in clause 4.16.4 to establish an SM Policy Association with the PCF and get the default PCC Rules for the PDU Session. The SMF shall include the 3GPP Data Off status if received in step 1. The GPSI, PVS FQDN(s) and/or PVS IP address(es) and the Onboarding Indication shall be included if available at SMF in the case of ON-SNPN. The SMF shall include both the S-NSSAI and the Alternative S-NSSAI, if received in step 3. If the Request Type in step 3 indicates "Existing PDU Session", the SMF provides information on the Policy Control Request Trigger condition(s) that have been met by an SMF initiated SM Policy Association Modification procedure as defined in clause 4.16.5.1. The PCF may provide policy information defined in clause 5.2.5.4 (and in TS 23.503[ Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 ]  [20]) to SMF. The URSP rule enforcement in step 1 may be included if SMF receives the URSP rule enforcement from UE as described in clause 6.6.2.4 of TS 23.503[ Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 ]  [20]. The PCF for the UE subscribes to notifications of event "UE reporting Connection Capabilities from associated URSP rule" as defined in clause 6.1.3.18 in TS 23.503[ Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 ]  [20], using Npcf_PolicyAuthorization_Subscribe (EventId set to "UE reporting Connection Capabilities from associated URSP rule", EventFilter set to at least "list of Connection Capabilities") to the PCF for the PDU Session. The PCF for session may notify the PCF for UE about the URSP rule enforcement together with the PDU session parameters that this application associated with by Npcf_PolicyAuthorization_Notify. During the SM Policy Association Establishment procedure, if the PCF detects the request relates to SM Policy Association enabling integration with TSN or TSC or Deterministic Networking (as defined in TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2] clause 5.28) based on local configuration, the PCF may provide policy control request trigger for 5GS Bridge/Router Information as defined in clause 6.1.3.5 of TS 23.503[ Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 ]  [20]. The PCF, based on the Emergency DNN, sets the ARP of the PCC rules to a value that is reserved for Emergency services as described in TS 23.503[ Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 ]  [20]. NOTE 5: The purpose of step 7 is to receive PCC rules before selecting UPF. If PCC rules are not needed as input for UPF selection, step 7 can be performed after step 8. - During the SM Policy Association Establishment procedure for a non-roaming PDU Session, if a S-NSSAI is subject to network slice usage control, the PCF may provide a Slice Usage Policy information including whether a network slice is on demand and a PDU Session inactivity timer value as described in clause 5.15.15 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. 8. If the Request Type in step 3 indicates "Initial request", the SMF selects an SSC mode for the PDU Session as described in clause 5.6.9.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. The SMF also selects one or more UPFs as needed as described in clause 6.3.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. In the case of PDU Session Type IPv4 or IPv6 or IPv4v6, the SMF allocates an IP address/prefix for the PDU Session (unless configured otherwise) as described in clause 5.8.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. In the case of PDU Session Type IPv6 or IPv4v6, the SMF also allocates an interface identifier to the UE for the UE to build its link-local address. For Unstructured PDU Session Type the SMF may allocate an IPv6 prefix for the PDU Session and N6 point-to-point tunnelling (based on UDP/IPv6) as described in clause 5.6.10.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. For Ethernet PDU Session Type, neither a MAC nor an IP address is allocated by the SMF to the UE for this PDU Session. If the AMF indicated Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation in step 3 for this PDU session, then, 1) For Unstructured PDU Session Type, the SMF checks whether UE's subscription include a "NEF Identity for NIDD" for the DNN/S-NSSAI combination. When the "NEF Identity for NIDD" is present in the UE's subscription data, the SMF will select the NEF identified for the S-NSSAI and selected DNN in the "NEF Identity for NIDD" as the anchor of this PDU Session. Otherwise, the SMF will select a UPF as the anchor of this PDU Session. 2) For other PDU Session Types, the SMF will perform UPF selection to select a UPF as the anchor of this PDU Session. If the Request Type in Step 3 is "Existing PDU Session", the SMF maintains the same IP address/prefix that has already been allocated to the UE in the source network. If the Request Type in step 3 indicates "Existing PDU Session" referring to an existing PDU Session moved between 3GPP access and non-3GPP access the SMF maintains the SSC mode of the PDU Session, the current PDU Session Anchor and IP address. NOTE 6: The SMF may decide to trigger e.g. new intermediate UPF insertion or allocation of a new UPF as described in step 5 in clause 4.2.3.2. If the Request Type indicates "Emergency Request", the SMF selects the UPF as described in clause 5.16.4 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2] and selects SSC mode 1. SMF may select a UPF (e.g. based on requested DNN/S-NSSAI) that supports NW-TT functionality. SMF may select a PSA UPF that supports PDU Set identification and marking for a QoS flow with PDU Set based handling capability. 9. SMF may perform an SMF initiated SM Policy Association Modification procedure as defined in clause 4.16.5.1 to provide information on the Policy Control Request Trigger condition(s) that have been met. If Request Type is "initial request" and dynamic PCC is deployed and PDU Session Type is IPv4 or IPv6 or IPv4v6, SMF notifies the PCF (if the Policy Control Request Trigger condition is met) with the allocated UE IP address/prefix(es). NOTE 7: If an IP address/prefix has been allocated before step 7 (e.g. subscribed static IP address/prefix in UDM/UDR) or the step 7 is performed after step 8, the IP address/prefix can be provided to PCF in step 7 and the IP address/prefix notification in this step can be skipped. PCF may provide updated policies to the SMF. The PCF may provide policy information defined in clause 5.2.5.4 (and in TS 23.503[ Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 ]  [20]) to SMF. The PCF for PDU Session may generate PCC rule based on the URSP rule (e.g.: Connection Capability) referring to the clause 6.1.6 in TS 23.503[ Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 ]  [20]. NOTE 8: Mapping between Connection Capability and SDF templates in the PCC rule is implementation specific. 10. If Request Type indicates "initial request", the SMF initiates an N4 Session Establishment procedure with the selected UPF(s), otherwise it initiates an N4 Session Modification procedure with the selected UPF(s): 10a. The SMF sends an N4 Session Establishment/Modification Request to the UPF and provides Packet detection, enforcement and reporting rules to be installed on the UPF for this PDU Session. If the SMF is configured to request IP address allocation from UPF as described in clause 5.8.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2] then the SMF indicates to the UPF to perform the IP address/prefix allocation and includes the information required for the UPF to perform the allocation. If the selective User Plane deactivation is required for this PDU Session, the SMF determines the inactivity timer and provides it to the UPF. For a PDU Session for non-roaming subscribers, if the S-NSSAI of the PDU Session is subject to network slice usage control, the SMF obtains the PDU Session inactivity timer value for the PDU Session as described in step 4 or step 7 or uses preconfigured value and configures the UPF to run the PDU Session inactivity timer. The SMF provides Trace Requirements to the UPF if it has received Trace Requirements. If the Reliable Data Service is enabled for the PDU Session by the SMF as specified in TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], the RDS Configuration information is provided to the UPF in this step. The SMF provides Small Data Rate Control parameters to the UPF for the PDU Session, if required. The SMF provides the Small Data Rate Control Status to the UPF, if received from the AMF. If the Serving PLMN intends to enforce Serving PLMN Rate Control (see clause 5.31.14.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]) for this PDU session then the SMF shall provide Serving PLMN Rate Control parameters to UPF for limiting the rate of downlink control plane data packets. For a PDU Session of type Ethernet or IP, the SMF (e.g. for a certain requested DNN/S-NSSAI for which Time Sensitive Networking, Time Sensitive Communications, Time Synchronization and/or Deterministic Networking is applicable) may include an indication to request UPF to provide a port number. If SMF decides to perform redundant transmission for one or more QoS Flows of the PDU session as described in clause 5.33.1.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], two CN Tunnel Info are requested by the SMF from the UPF. The SMF also indicates the UPF to eliminate the duplicated packet for the QoS Flow in uplink direction. The SMF indicates the UPF that one CN Tunnel Info is used as the redundancy tunnel of the PDU session described in clause 5.33.2.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If SMF decides to insert two I-UPFs between the PSA UPF and the NG-RAN for redundant transmission as described in clause 5.33.1.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], the SMF requests the corresponding CN Tunnel Info and provides them to the I-UPFs and PSA UPF respectively. The SMF also indicates the PSA UPF to eliminate the duplicated packet for the QoS Flow in uplink direction. The SMF indicates the PSA UPF that one CN Tunnel Info is used as the redundancy tunnel of the PDU session described in clause 5.33.2.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. NOTE 9: The method to perform elimination and reordering on RAN/UPF based on the packets received from the two GTP-U tunnels is up to RAN/UPF implementation. The two GTP-U tunnels are terminated at the same RAN node and UPF. If Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation is enabled for this PDU session and the SMF selects the NEF as the anchor of this PDU Session in step 8, the SMF performs SMF-NEF Connection Establishment Procedure as described in clause 4.25.2. If interworking with TSN deployed in the transport network is supported (see clause 4.4.8 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]) and the UPF supports CN-TL, the SMF includes a TL-Container with a get-request to the N4 Session Establishment/Modification request that is sent to the UPF, as described in clause 5.28a.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If SMF decides to enable ECN marking for L4S by PSA UPF, a QoS Flow level ECN marking for L4S indicator shall be sent by SMF to PSA UPF over N4 as described in clause 5.37.3.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. 10b. The UPF acknowledges by sending an N4 Session Establishment/Modification Response. If the SMF indicates in step 10a that IP address/prefix allocation is to be performed by the UPF then this response contains the requested IP address/prefix. The requested CN Tunnel Info is provided to SMF in this step. If SMF indicated the UPF to perform packet duplication and elimination for the QoS Flow in step 10a, two CN Tunnel Info are allocated by the UPF and provided to the SMF. If SMF decides to insert two I-UPFs between the PSA UPF and the NG-RAN for redundant transmission as described in clause 5.33.1.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], CN Tunnel Info of two I-UPFs and the UPF (PSA) are allocated by the UPFs and provided to the SMF. The UPF indicates the SMF that one CN Tunnel Info is used as the redundancy tunnel of the PDU session as described in clause 5.33.2.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If SMF requested UPF to provide a port number then UPF includes the port number and user-plane Node ID in the response according to TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. To support integration with IEEE TSN, the user-plane node ID is Bridge ID. To support integration with IETF DetNet, the user-plane node ID can be Router ID. Besides the network instance, the SMF may also provide DNN/S-NSSAI for the UPF to respond with user-plane Node ID based on pre-configuration information. If multiple UPFs are selected for the PDU Session, the SMF initiate N4 Session Establishment/Modification procedure with each UPF of the PDU Session in this step. NOTE 10: If the PCF has subscribed to the UE IP address change Policy Control Trigger (as specified in clause 6.1.3.5 of TS 23.503[ Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 ]  [20]) then the SMF notifies the PCF about the IP address/prefix allocated by the UPF. This is not shown in figure 4.3.2.2.1-1. If interworking with TSN deployed in the transport network is supported and the UPF supports CN-TL and received a TL-Container with a get-request from the SMF/CUC in step 10a (see clause 4.4.8 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]), the UPF/CN-TL includes a TL-Container with a get-response in the N4 Session Establishment/Modification response, as described in clause 5.28a.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. The SMF/CUC stores the information provided in the get-response. 11. SMF to AMF: Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer (PDU Session ID, N2 SM information (PDU Session ID, QFI(s), QoS Profile(s), CN Tunnel Info, S-NSSAI from the Allowed NSSAI or Partially Allowed NSSAI, Session-AMBR, PDU Session Type, User Plane Security Enforcement information, UE Integrity Protection Maximum Data Rate, RSN, PDU Session Pair ID, TL-Container), N1 SM container (PDU Session Establishment Accept ([QoS Rule(s) and QoS Flow level QoS parameters if needed for the QoS Flow(s) associated with the QoS rule(s)], selected SSC mode, S-NSSAI(s), UE Requested DNN, allocated IPv4 address, interface identifier, Session-AMBR, selected PDU Session Type, [Reflective QoS Timer] (if available), [P-CSCF address(es)], [Control Plane Only indicator], [Header Compression Configuration], [Always-on PDU Session Granted], [Small Data Rate Control parameters], [Small Data Rate Control Status], [Serving PLMN Rate Control], [PVS FQDN(s) and/or PVS IP address(es)], [Non-3GPP QoS Assistance Information Container]))). If multiple UPFs are used for the PDU Session, the CN Tunnel Info contains tunnel information related with the UPFs that terminate N3. The SMF may provide the SMF derived CN assisted RAN parameters tuning to the AMF by invoking Nsmf_PDUSession_SMContextStatusNotify (SMF derived CN assisted RAN parameters tuning) service. The AMF stores the SMF derived CN assisted RAN parameters tuning in the associated PDU Session context for this UE. The N2 SM information carries information that the AMF shall forward to the (R)AN which includes: - The CN Tunnel Info corresponds to the Core Network address(es) of the N3 tunnel corresponding to the PDU Session. If two CN Tunnel Info are included for the PDU session for redundant transmission, the SMF also indicates the NG-RAN that one of the CN Tunnel Info used as the redundancy tunnel of the PDU session as described in clause 5.33.2.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. - One or multiple QoS profiles and the corresponding QFIs can be provided to the (R)AN. This is further described in clause 5.7 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. The SMF may indicate for each QoS Flow whether redundant transmission shall be performed by a corresponding redundant transmission indicator. - The PDU Session ID may be used by AN signalling with the UE to indicate to the UE the association between (R)AN resources and a PDU Session for the UE. - A PDU Session is associated to an S-NSSAI of the HPLMN and if applicable, to an S-NSSAI of the VPLMN and a DNN. The S-NSSAI provided to the (R)AN, is the S-NSSAI with the value for the Serving PLMN (i.e. the HPLMN S-NSSAI or, in LBO roaming case, the VPLMN S-NSSAI). When Alternative S-NSSAI is received from AMF in step 3, the S-NSSAI provided to the (R)AN is the Alternative S-NSSAI. - User Plane Security Enforcement information is determined by the SMF as described in clause 5.10.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. - If the User Plane Security Enforcement information indicates that Integrity Protection is "Preferred" or "Required", the SMF also includes the UE Integrity Protection Maximum Data Rate as received in the PDU Session Establishment Request. - The use of the RSN parameter and the PDU Session Pair ID by NG-RAN are described in clause 5.33.2.1 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. - For each QoS Flow: - an ECN marking for L4S indicator to (R)AN in the case of ECN marking for L4S in RAN as described in clause 5.37.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]; or - a QoS monitoring configuration for congestion information as described in clause 5.45.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2] in the case of ECN marking for L4S by PSA UPF as described in clause 5.37.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2] or QoS monitoring for congestion information as described in clause 5.45.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. - TL-Container as described in clause 5.28a.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If interworking with TSN deployed in the transport network is supported and the NG-RAN supports AN-TL (see clause 4.4.8 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]), the SMF includes a TL-Container with a get-request to the N2 SM information, as described in clause 5.28a.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. The N1 SM container contains the PDU Session Establishment Accept that the AMF shall provide to the UE. If the UE requested P-CSCF discovery then the message shall also include the P-CSCF IP address(es) as determined by the SMF and as described in clause 5.16.3.4 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. The PDU Session Establishment Accept includes S-NSSAI from the Allowed NSSAI or Partially Allowed NSSAI. The S-NSSAI value of the Alternative S-NSSAI is included in the PDU session Establishment Accept if the SMF has received the Alternative S-NSSAI from the AMF. For LBO roaming scenario, the PDU Session Establishment Accept includes the S-NSSAI from the Allowed NSSAI or Partially Allowed NSSAI for the VPLMN and also it includes the corresponding S-NSSAI of the HPLMN from the Mapping Of Allowed NSSAI or Mapping Of Partially Allowed NSSAI that SMF received in step 3. If the SMF has received the VPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI from the AMF, the PDU Session Establishment Accept includes the VPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI. If the SMF has received the HPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI from the AMF, the PDU Session Establishment Accept includes the HPLMN Alternative S-NSSAI. If the PDU Session being established was requested to be an always-on PDU Session, the SMF shall indicate whether the request is accepted by including an Always-on PDU Session Granted indication in the PDU Session Establishment Accept message. If the PDU Session being established was not requested to be an always-on PDU Session but the SMF determines that the PDU Session needs to be established as an always-on PDU Session, the SMF shall include an Always-on PDU Session Granted indication in the PDU Session Establishment Accept message indicating that the PDU session is an always-on PDU Session. If Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation is enabled for this PDU session, the N2 SM information is not included in this step. If Control Plane CIoT 5GS optimisation is enabled for this PDU session and the UE has sent the Header Compression Configuration in the PDU Session Establishment Request and the SMF supports the header compression parameters, the SMF shall include the Header Compression Configuration in the PDU Session Establishment Accept message. If the UE has included Header Compression context parameters in Header Compression Configuration in the PDU Session Establishment Request, the SMF shall establish the header compression context and may acknowledge the Header Compression context parameters. If the header compression context is not established during the PDU Session Establishment procedure, before using the compressed format for sending the data, the UE and the SMF need to establish the header compression context based on the Header Compression Configuration. If the SMF has received the Control Plane Only Indicator in step 3, the SMF shall include the Control Plane Only Indicator in the PDU Session Establishment Accept message. The SMF shall indicate the use of Control Plane only on its CDR. If the Small Data Rate Control is configured in the SMF, the SMF shall also include Small Data Rate Control parameters and the Small Data Rate Control Status (if received from the AMF) in the PDU Session Establishment Accept message as described in clause 5.31.14.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If the Serving PLMN intends to enforce Serving PLMN Rate Control (see clause 5.31.14.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]) for this PDU session then the SMF shall include the Serving PLMN Rate Control parameters in the PDU Session Establishment Accept message. The UE shall store and use Serving PLMN Rate Control parameters as the maximum allowed limit of uplink control plane user data. If the UE indicates the support of RDS in the PCO in the PDU Session Establishment Request and RDS is enabled for the PDU Session, the SMF shall inform the UE that RDS is enabled in the PCO in the PDU Session Establishment Accept (see clause 5.31.6 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]). If the NIDD parameters (e.g. maximum packet size) were received from NEF during the SMF-NEF Connection Establishment procedure in step 10, the SMF shall inform the UE of the NIDD parameters in the PCO in the PDU Session Establishment Accept (see clause 5.31.5 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]). If the UE indicated in the PCO that it supports the ability to receive ECS address(es) via NAS, the SMF may provide the ECS Address Configuration Information (as described in clause 6.5.2 of TS 23.548[ 5G System Enhancements for Edge Computing; Stage 2 ]  [74]) to the UE in the PCO. The SMF may derive the ECS Address Configuration Information based on local configuration and/or UE subscription information. In non-roaming scenarios, the SMF may also derive the ECS Address Configuration Information based on the UE's location. If the UE indicated in the PCO that it supports the EDC functionality, the SMF may indicate to the UE either that the use of the EDC functionality is allowed for the PDU Session or that the use of the EDC functionality is required for the PDU Session (see clause 5.2.1 of TS 23.548[ 5G System Enhancements for Edge Computing; Stage 2 ]  [74]). Multiple QoS Rules, QoS Flow level QoS parameters if needed for the QoS Flow(s) associated with those QoS rule(s) and QoS Profiles may be included in the PDU Session Establishment Accept within the N1 SM and in the N2 SM information. The Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer contains the PDU Session ID allowing the AMF to know which access towards the UE to use. If the PDU session establishment failed anywhere between step 5 and step 11, then the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer request shall include the N1 SM container with a PDU Session Establishment Reject message (see clause 8.3.3 of TS 24.501[ Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3 ]  [25]) and shall not include any N2 SM container. The (R)AN sends the NAS message containing the PDU Session Establishment Reject to the UE. In this case, steps 12-17 are skipped. Based on the S-NSSAI and DNN for PIN, the SMF may provide the UE with per QoS-flow Non-3GPP QoS Assistance Information in the N1 SM container as specified in clause 5.44.3.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. 12. AMF to (R)AN: N2 PDU Session Request (N2 SM information, NAS message (PDU Session ID, N1 SM container (PDU Session Establishment Accept)), [CN assisted RAN parameters tuning]). If the N2 SM information is not included in the step 11, an N2 Downlink NAS Transport message is used instead. The AMF sends the NAS message containing PDU Session ID and PDU Session Establishment Accept targeted to the UE and the N2 SM information received from the SMF within the N2 PDU Session Request to the (R)AN. If the SMF derived CN assisted RAN parameters tuning are stored for the activated PDU Session(s), the AMF may derive updated CN assisted RAN parameters tuning and provide them the (R)AN. 13. (R)AN to UE: The (R)AN may issue AN specific signalling exchange with the UE that is related with the information received from SMF. For example, in the case of a NG-RAN, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration may take place with the UE establishing the necessary NG-RAN resources related to the QoS Rules for the PDU Session request received in step 12. (R)AN also allocates (R)AN Tunnel Info for the PDU Session. In the case of Dual Connectivity, the Master RAN node may assign some (zero or more) QFIs to be setup to a Master RAN node and others to the Secondary RAN node. The AN Tunnel Info includes a tunnel endpoint for each involved (R)AN node and the QFIs assigned to each tunnel endpoint. A QFI can be assigned to either the Master RAN node or the Secondary RAN node and not to both. If the (R)AN receives two CN Tunnel Info for a PDU session in step 12 for redundant transmission, (R)AN also allocates two AN Tunnel Info correspondingly and indicate to SMF one of the AN Tunnel Info is used as the redundancy tunnel of the PDU session as described in clause 5.33.2.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. (R)AN forwards the NAS message (PDU Session ID, N1 SM container (PDU Session Establishment Accept)) provided in step 12 to the UE. (R)AN shall only provide the NAS message to the UE if the AN specific signalling exchange with the UE includes the (R)AN resource additions associated to the received N2 command. If MICO mode is active and the NAS message Request Type in step 1 indicated "Emergency Request", then the UE and the AMF shall locally deactivate MICO mode. If the N2 SM information is not included in the step 11, then the following steps 14 to 16b and step 17 are omitted. If the AMF is running a slice deregistration inactivity timer for the S-NSSAI PDU Session, the AMF stops the timer as described in clause 5.15.15 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If the UE is running a slice deregistration inactivity timer for the S-NSSAI of the established PDU Session, the UE stops the timer as described in clause 5.15.15 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. 14. (R)AN to AMF: N2 PDU Session Response (PDU Session ID, Cause, N2 SM information (PDU Session ID, AN Tunnel Info, List of accepted/rejected QFI(s), User Plane Enforcement Policy Notification, TL-Container, established QoS Flows status (active/not active) for QoS monitoring configuration for congestion information, established QoS Flows status (active/not active) for ECN marking for L4S, PDU Set Based Handling Support Indication)). The AN Tunnel Info corresponds to the Access Network address of the N3 tunnel corresponding to the PDU Session. The (R)AN may reject the addition or modification of a QoS Flow, e.g. due to handling of the UE-Slice-MBR as described in clause 5.7.1.10 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If the (R)AN rejects QFI(s) the SMF is responsible of updating the QoS rules and QoS Flow level QoS parameters associated to the rejected QoS Flow(s) in the UE accordingly. The NG-RAN rejects the establishment of UP resources for the PDU Session when it cannot fulfil User Plane Security Enforcement information with a value of Required. The NG-RAN notifies the SMF when it cannot fulfil a User Plane Security Enforcement with a value of Preferred. If the NG-RAN cannot establish redundant user plane for the PDU Session as indicated by the RSN parameter and PDU Session Pair ID, the NG-RAN takes the decision on whether to reject the establishment of RAN resources for the PDU Session based on local policies as described in TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If interworking with TSN deployed in the transport network is supported and the NG-RAN supports AN-TL and received a TL-Container with a get-request from the SMF/CUC in step 12 (see clause 4.4.8 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]), the NG-RAN/AN-TL includes a TL-Container with a get-response to the N2 SM information, as described in clause 5.28a.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. NG-RAN includes the PDU Set Based Handling Support Indication in N2 SM information as defined in clause 5.37.5.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. 15. AMF to SMF: Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request (SM Context ID, N2 SM information, Request Type). The AMF forwards the N2 SM information received from (R)AN to the SMF. If the list of rejected QFI(s) is included in N2 SM information, the SMF shall release the rejected QFI(s) associated QoS profiles. If the N2 SM information indicates failure of user plane resource setup, the SMF shall reject the PDU session establishment by including a N1 SM container with a PDU Session Establishment Reject message (see clause 8.3.3 of TS 24.501[ Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3 ]  [25]) in the Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response in step 17. Step 16 is skipped in this case and instead the SMF releases the N4 Session with UPF. If the User Plane Enforcement Policy Notification in the N2 SM information indicates that no user plane resources could be established and the User Plane Enforcement Policy indicated "required" as described in clause 5.10.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], the SMF shall reject the PDU session establishment by including a N1 SM container with a PDU Session Establishment Reject message (see clause 8.3.3 of TS 24.501[ Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3 ]  [25]) in the Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response in step 17. Step 16 is skipped in this case. If the N2 SM information includes a TL-Container with a get-response as described in clause 5.28a.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2], the SMF/CUC stores the information provided in the get-response. 16a. The SMF initiates an N4 Session Modification procedure with the UPF. The SMF provides AN Tunnel Info to the UPF as well as the corresponding forwarding rules. If SMF decides to perform redundant transmission for one or more QoS Flows of the PDU, the SMF also indicates the UPF to perform packet duplication for the QoS Flow(s) in downlink direction by forwarding rules. In the case of redundant transmission with two I-UPFs for one or more QoS Flows of the PDU, the SMF provides AN Tunnel Info to two I-UPFs and also indicates the UPF (PSA) to perform packet duplication for the QoS Flow(s) in downlink direction by forwarding rules. The SMF also provides the UL Tunnel Info of the UPF (PSA) to the two I-UPFs and the DL Tunnel Info of the two I-UPFs to the UPF (PSA). If the N2 SM information includes the PDU Set Based Handling Support Indication, SMF configures PSA UPF to perform PDU Set information marking for the QoS flow as defined in clause 5.37.5.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. NOTE 11: If the PDU Session Establishment Request was due to mobility between 3GPP and non-3GPP access or mobility from EPC, the downlink data path is switched towards the target access in this step. 16b. The UPF provides an N4 Session Modification Response to the SMF. If multiple UPFs are used in the PDU Session, the UPF in step 16 refers to the UPF terminating N3. After this step, the UPF delivers any down-link packets to the UE that may have been buffered for this PDU Session. 16c. If Request Type in step 3 indicates neither "Emergency Request" nor "Existing Emergency PDU Session" and if the SMF has not yet registered for this PDU Session, then the SMF registers with the UDM using Nudm_UECM_Registration (SUPI, DNN, S-NSSAI of HPLMN, PDU Session ID, SMF Identity, Serving Node PLMN ID, [NID]) for a given PDU Session. As a result, the UDM stores following information: SUPI, SMF identity and the associated DNN, S-NSSAI of HPLMN, PDU Session ID and Serving Network (PLMN ID, [NID], see clause 5.18 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]). The UDM may further store this information in UDR by Nudr_DM_Update (SUPI, Subscription Data, UE context in SMF data). If the UDM has existing applicable event exposure subscriptions for events detected in SMF for this UE or any of the groups this UE belongs to (possibly retrieved from UDR), UDM invokes the Nsmf_EventExposure_Subscribe service for creating the event exposure subscriptions. If the Request Type received in step 3 indicates "Emergency Request": - For an authenticated non-roaming UE, based on operator configuration (e.g. related with whether the operator uses a fixed SMF for Emergency calls, etc.), the SMF may register in the UDM using Nudm_UECM_Registration (SUPI, PDU Session ID, SMF identity, Indication of Emergency Services) for a given PDU Session that is applicable for emergency services. As a result, the UDM shall store the applicable PDU Session for Emergency services. - For an unauthenticated UE or a roaming UE, the SMF shall not register in the UDM for a given PDU Session. 17. SMF to AMF: Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response (Cause). The SMF may subscribe to the UE mobility event notification from the AMF (e.g. location reporting, UE moving into or out of Area Of Interest), after this step by invoking Namf_EventExposure_Subscribe service operation as specified in clause 5.2.2.3.2. For LADN, the SMF subscribes to the UE moving into or out of LADN service area event notification by providing the LADN DNN as an indicator for the Area Of Interest (see clause 5.6.5 and 5.6.11 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]). If SMF receives the indication in step 3 that "the PDU Session is subject to LADN per LADN DNN and S-NSSAI", the SMF subscribes to the UE moving into or out of LADN service area event notification by providing the LADN DNN and S-NSSAI as an indicator for the Area Of Interest. After this step, the AMF forwards relevant events subscribed by the SMF. For those scenarios where the PCFs serving the AMF and the SMF are different, the SMF informs the AMF of the NWDAF ID(s) used for UE related Analytics and corresponding Analytics ID(s). 18. [Conditional] SMF to AMF: Nsmf_PDUSession_SMContextStatusNotify (Release) If during the procedure, any time after step 5, the PDU Session establishment is not successful, the SMF informs the AMF by invoking Nsmf_PDUSession_SMContextStatusNotify (Release). The SMF also releases any N4 session(s) created, any PDU Session address if allocated (e.g. IP address) and releases the association with PCF, if any. In this case, step 19 is skipped. For a PDU Session for non-roaming subscribers, if the S-NSSAI of the PDU Session is subject to network slice usage control and there is no other PDU Session using the S-NSSAI, the AMF starts the slice deregistration inactivity timer for the S-NSSAI as described in clause 5.15.15.3 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. 19. SMF to UE: In the case of PDU Session Type IPv6 or IPv4v6, the SMF generates an IPv6 Router Advertisement and sends it to the UE. If Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation is enabled for this PDU Session the SMF sends the IPv6 Router Advertisement via the AMF for transmission to the UE using the Mobile Terminated Data Transport in Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimisation procedures (see clause 4.24.2), otherwise the SMF sends the IPv6 Router Advertisement via N4 and the UPF. 20. When the trigger for 5GS Bridge/Router information available is armed, then the SMF may initiate the SM Policy Association Modification as described in clause 4.16.5.1. If the UE has indicated support of transferring Port Management Information Containers, then SMF informs PCF that 5GS Bridge/Router information is available. SMF provides the 5GS Bridge/Router information (e.g. 5GS user-plane Node ID, port number for the PDU session, MAC address of the DS-TT Ethernet port for Ethernet PDU Session type, UE IP address for IP PDU Session type and UE-DS-TT Residence Time (if available) as provided by the UE) to PCF. In the case of Deterministic Networking, the SMF may also provide the MTU size for IPv4 or the MTU size for IPv6. If the SMF received a Port Management Information Container from either the UE or the UPF, then the SMF provides the Port Management Information Container and port number of the related port to the PCF as described in clause 5.28.3.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. If the SMF has received User Plane Node Management Information from the UPF, then the SMF provides the User Plane Node Management Information Container to the PCF as part of 5GS Bridge/Router information and as described in clause 5.28.3.2 of TS 23.501[ System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) ]  [2]. To support IEEE TSN, the TSN AF calculates the bridge delay for each port pair, i.e. composed of DS-TT Ethernet port and NW-TT Ethernet port, using the UE-DS-TT Residence Time for all NW-TT Ethernet port(s) serving the 5GS Bridge indicated by the 5GS user-plane Node ID. Additionally, the TSN AF determines the 5GS bridge delay for port pair composed of two DS-TT ports connecting to the same 5GS Bridge as sum of bridge delays related to PDU Sessions of the two DS-TT ports. 21. If the PDU Session establishment failed after step 4, the SMF shall perform the following: The SMF unsubscribes to the modifications of Session Management Subscription data for the corresponding (SUPI, DNN, S-NSSAI of the HPLMN), using Nudm_SDM_Unsubscribe (SUPI, Session Management Subscription data, DNN, S-NSSAI of the HPLMN), if the SMF is no more handling a PDU Session of the UE for this (DNN, S-NSSAI of the HPLMN). The UDM may unsubscribe to the modification notification from UDR by Nudr_DM_Unsubscribe (SUPI, Subscription Data, Session Management Subscription data, S-NSSAI of the HPLMN, DNN).