name: IV
full_form: Initialisation Vector
context: The following strengthening of the requirements on how to construct the IV shall take precedence over the description given in RFC-2451 [24] section 3 and all other descriptions that allow for predictable IVs. - For CBC mode: the IV field shall be the same size as the block size of the cipher algorithm being used. The IV shall be chosen at random, and shall be unpredictable to any party other than the originator. - For CTR, GCM, CCM, and GMAC mode: the IV field shall be 8 octets. The IV shall be generated in a manner that ensures uniqueness. The same IV and key combination shall not be used more than once. - It is explicitly not allowed to construct the IV from the encrypted data of the preceding encryption process. The common practice of constructing the IV from the encrypted data of the preceding encryption process means that the IV is disclosed before it is used. A predictable IV exposes IPsec to certain attacks irrespective of the strength of the underlying cipher algorithm. The
description: The Initialisation Vector (IV) is a critical parameter in cryptographic operations, specifically in encryption modes such as CBC, CTR, GCM, CCM, and GMAC. It is used to ensure the uniqueness and unpredictability of the encryption process, thereby preventing attacks that rely on predictable IVs.
explanation: The context explicitly describes the requirements for constructing the IV in various encryption modes, emphasizing its importance in ensuring the security of the encryption process. This indicates that IV is a parameter critical to the operation of cryptographic algorithms.
section_title: 5.3.5	Requirements on the construction of the IV
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