name: IOPS
full_form: Isolated Operation
context: This approach to the provision of isolated operation (e.g. when there is no S1 connectivity to the macro EPC) assumes that the IOPS-capable eNodeB is co-sited with, or can reach, a Local EPC instance which is used in IOPS mode. The Local EPC instance includes at least MME, SGW/PDN GW and HSS functionality. A PLMN identity is dedicated to IOPS mode of operation and is broadcast in System Information by the eNodeB when IOPS mode is in operation. Only authorized IOPS-enabled UEs can access a PLMN indicated as an IOPS PLMN. Support of application services over the IOPS network will be based upon the LTE-Uu radio interface and EPS bearer services supported by the Local EPC. An IOPS network will provide local connectivity services, i.e. for an IP PDN type, IP address assignment and local routing in the IOPS network. For an IP PDN type, During the attachment procedure to the local EPC a local IP address is assigned to the UE as per the standard procedure when attaching to a Macro EPC. The Local EPC acts as a router among the UEs locally attached to the same IOPS network. When operating in IOPS mode IOPS-enabled UEs only use the appropriate USIM credentials defined in the UICC, i.e. those defined exclusively for use in an IOPS PLMN.
description: Isolated Operation (IOPS) is a mode of operation that enables isolated network functionality when there is no S1 connectivity to the macro Evolved Packet Core (EPC). In this mode, an IOPS-capable eNodeB works in conjunction with a co-sited or reachable Local EPC instance, which includes essential functionalities like Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving and Packet Data Network Gateway (SGW/PDN GW), and Home Subscriber Server (HSS). The Local EPC operates in IOPS mode, broadcasting a dedicated Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) identity. Only authorized User Equipment (UE) with IOPS capabilities can access this isolated network, leveraging the LTE-Uu radio interface and Evolved Packet System (EPS) bearer services for local connectivity and application services.
explanation: IOPS is classified as a Mode because it describes a specific operational state of the network where isolated functionality is enabled under certain conditions. This aligns with the concept of modes in telecommunications, which refer to different states or configurations that a system can operate in.
section_title: K.2 Operation of isolated public safety networks using a Local EPC K.2.1 General Description
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