name: SDN
full_form: Software Defined Network
context: 3GPP specifies 3GPP NFs in terms of large complex lumps of functionality which span multiple physical hardware hosts in both legacy and virtualised implementations. While there is a risk of an attacker gaining physical access to the interconnections between servers making up a single PNF, this generally requires physical access to the hardware. However, in a virtualised environment, access can be gained much more easily as the servers making up a function are more likely to be physically distributed and as the SDN v-switch would allow an attacker to much more easily fork IP packets flowing between hosts remotely. Such forking is very difficult to detect or prevent from within a 3GPP NF or VM, unless specific design mitigation is taken to minimize the risk. While TLS automatically applied by the NFV / SDN layer between VMs reduces external attacker threat, it is much less effective against attackers who have (or have gained) access to NFV MANO, etc.
description: Software Defined Network (SDN) refers to a technology that enables the management of network services through software abstraction. In the context of telecommunications, SDN is used in virtualized environments to manage and control network traffic, including the use of virtual switches (v-switches).
explanation: The provided text describes SDN as a technology that manages network services through software abstraction and its application in virtualized telecommunication environments. This clearly places it within the 'Technology' category.
section_title: 5.15.1	Key issue detail
biotag_Context: B-Organization,O,B-Organization,B-Network,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,B-Technology,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,B-Protocol,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,B-Organization,B-Network Function,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,B-Protocol,O,O,O,O,B-Technology,O,B-Technology,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,B-Technology,O,O
biotag_Description: B-Technology,I-Technology,I-Technology,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,B-Technology,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O