name: GPS
full_form: Global Positioning System
context: enhanced signalling telling the UE in a secure way about the country it is in. However, the two attack variants described for the circumvention attack either assume GERAN access or , where integrity-protected signalling is not available. Therefore, network signalling would not help. How could network-independent location verification be realised? GPS: Many UEs have GPS receivers today that provide a network-independent means of location verification. Pros and Cons: The measure is effective if the GPS signal is genuine. But, unfortunately, research suggests that GPS spoofing is possible, cf. http://phys.org/news141300510.html [34]. It is not clear to-date whether future implementations of GPS in UEs can prevent such spoofing. Furthermore, low end phones are less likely to feature GPS receivers. User involvement: Users can be expected to know, in which country they currently are. Hence, when the UE receives a PWS warning message from a network with a particular MCC the UE can translate
description: Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location information to GPS receivers. In the context of 3GPP, GPS is considered a technology used for network-independent location verification.
explanation: The classification of GPS as a Technology is based on its role in providing location information independently of the network, as described in the context from 3GPP TS 33.869.
section_title: 7.9.3	Solution 2: Network-independent location verification
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