name: BER
full_form: Bit Error Ratio
context: Provided a single BER trajectory with final BER on the limit hits the early fail limit. If a fail is decided at this instant of the test, the wrong decision risk is as small as D. For each member of a large population of DUTs a wrong decision can happen, with probability D, accumulating to an amount F > D for the entire population. D is the wrong decision risk based on the statistical totality of samples with BER on the limit. F is the wrong decision risk based on the statistical totality of DUTs with BER on the limit. (The same holds for a bad DUT, hitting the early pass limit.) We call D the wrong decision risk at a single test step and F the wrong decision risk for the entire test. For a real test it is desirable to define in advance the wrong decision risk F of the entire test. An exact theory is not available for this problem. It is proposed to derive D from F by the following simulation: A large population of DUTs with BER on the limit (limit-DUT) is simulated and decided against
description: Bit Error Ratio (BER) is a measure of the number of bit errors that occur in a transmission, usually expressed as a ratio of the number of error bits to the total number of bits transmitted. It indicates the quality and reliability of data transmission.
explanation: The text describes BER as a ratio of error bits to total bits, directly defining it as a measurement quantifying the accuracy of data transfer.
section_title: 6.2Introduction
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