name: GW
full_form: Gateway
context: The PDN GW may provide mechanisms for avoiding and handling overload situations. These include the rejection of PDN connection requests from UEs. The PDN GW may detect APN congestion and start and stop performing overload control based on criteria such as: - Maximum number of active bearers per APN; and/or - Maximum rate of bearer activations per APN. When performing overload control the PDN GW rejects PDN connection requests. When receiving the rejection from the PDN GW, the MME rejects the UE's PDN connection request as specified in clause 4.3.7.4.2. In addition the PDN GW may indicate a "PDN GW back-off time" for a specific APN to the MME. The MME should reject PDN connection requests, for the specific APN related to that PDN GW during the "PDN GW back-off time", by the means specified in clause 4.3.7.4.2. If a PDN GW indicates APN congestion by the "PDN GW back-off time" the MME may select another PDN GW of that APN instead of rejecting PDN connection requests unless there is already an existing PDN connection to the same APN for the UE, in which case, the MME shall reject PDN connection request.
description: The Gateway (GW), specifically referred to as the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW) in this context, is a network function that plays a crucial role in managing packet data networks. It is responsible for controlling and handling overload situations by rejecting PDN connection requests from User Equipment (UEs) when certain criteria such as maximum number of active bearers per Access Point Name (APN) or maximum rate of bearer activations per APN are met. The PDN GW also communicates with the Mobility Management Entity (MME) to manage overload control and may indicate a 'PDN GW back-off time' for specific APNs, during which the MME should reject PDN connection requests.
explanation: The Gateway (GW) is classified as a Network Function because it serves as an intermediary between the UE and the packet data network, controlling access and managing overload situations based on predefined criteria. This aligns with the 3GPP's specifications for efficient network operations, particularly in the context of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) access.
section_title: 4.3.7.5 PDN GW control of overload
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