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Question: The dinar is a currency used in the Muslim world but originating with the Romans .

Also compare dinar for another currency circulated in the Muslim world but originating with the Romans .

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It has been under the rule of various empires throughout history , for the longest period being part of the Persian Empire .


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Question: Near the end of the 7th century , the coin became an Islamic currency . It had the name of the sovereign and a religious verse on it .

It was this currency which was initially adopted as an Arab word ; then near the end of the 7th century the coin became an Islamic currency bearing the name of the sovereign and a religious verse .

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The Persian reliefs that depicted the important historical events ; and the Greek axons and the Roman Albums , with their decorative designs and announcements , were quite similar to today 's posters .


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Question: ChÃ cents tillon-sur-Chalaronne is a commune .

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ChÃ cents tillon-sur-Chalaronne is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .

ESPE Basket ChÃ cents lons-en-Champagne is a ChÃ cents lons ' basketball team .


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Question: Sexual arousal is the feeling animals and humans get when they are ready to have sexual intercourse .

Sexual arousal , or sexual excitement , is the arousal of sexual desire , during or in anticipation of sexual activity .

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By watching a partner masturbate , one finds out the methods they use to please him - or herself , allowing each partner to learn exactly how the other enjoys being touched .


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Question: VultureÅ ti is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length For example, The eastern boundary of Rensselaer County runs along the New York-Vermont and New York-Massachusetts borders . should be similar to The county 's eastern line runs along the New York-Vermont and New York-Massachusetts borders .

VultureÅ ti is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania .

Brodina is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania .


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Question: Rashad Anton Evans ( born September 25 , 1979 in Niagara Falls , New York ) is a American mixed martial artist that currently fights for the UFC and fights out of Albuquerque , New Mexico .

Rashad Anton Evans ( born September 25 , 1979 ) is an American mixed martial artist from Niagara Falls , New York , currently signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship where he is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion .

Jamar Shipman ( born April 21 , 1985 in Elizabeth , New Jersey ) , better known by his ring name Jay Lethal , is an American professional wrestler , currently working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling .


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Question: Evans is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Championship and was the winner of The Ultimate Fight season 2 in the heavyweight division .

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Evans won the heavyweight division of The Ultimate Fighter 2 . Evans lost the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship by way of knockout to then undefeated Lyoto Machida at UFC 98 .

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At UFC 58 , St-Pierre defeated former UFC welterweight champion B.J. Penn to become the number-one contender for the UFC welterweight title .


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Question: La Madelaine-sous-Montreuil is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

La Madelaine-sous-Montreuil is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Vitry-en-Artois is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: Brunehamel is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

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Brunehamel is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France .

Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: For the province , see Province of Arica . For the region , see Region of Arica and Parinacota .

The Arica and Parinacota Region was created on October 8 , 2007 under Law 20.175 , promulgated on March 23 , 2007 by President Michelle Bachelet in the city of Arica .

Camarones is a city and commune in the Arica y Parinacota Region in Chile .


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Question: Arica is a city in Chile . It is the capital of the Region of Arica and Parinacota and the Province of Arica since October 2007 .

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Among the attractions are the Arica Morro de Arica , the `` founding square '' ( for the civic center of town ) , the Cathedral of San Marcos de Arica , the former house of the Governor , the House of Culture , railway station Arica-La Paz , the Archaeological and Anthropological Museum of San Miguel de Azapa , Sea and Historical Arms and Arica .

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Alto Hospicio is a Chilean municipality and commune located next to Iquique , in the Iquique Province , I Region .


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Question: It is the capital of the Region of Arica and Parinacota and the Province of Arica since October 2007 .

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The city is the capital of both the Arica Province and the Arica and Parinacota Region .

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Question: Arica is a city in Chile .

Arica is a commune and a port city with a population of 185,269 in the Arica Province of northern Chile 's Arica and Parinacota Region , located only 18 k south of the border with Peru .

Cienfuegos is one of the provinces of Cuba .


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Question: The game was released in North America on March 29 , 2009 for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 and the Wii and was released on April 14 , 2009 in North America for the PlayStation 2 .

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The game was released in North America on the PlayStation 3 , Wii , and Xbox 360 on March 29 , 2009 and on PlayStation 2 on April 14 , 2009 , with a European release in May 2009 .

Re : coded was released in Japan on October 7 , 2010 , January 11 , 2011 in North America , and on January 14 , 2011 in Europe .


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Question: Guitar Hero : Metallica is a rhythm game that was made by Neversoft with other help from Activision .

Guitar Hero : Metallica is a music video game developed by Neversoft and distributed by Activision .

Just Bring It ( exciting pro wrestling 3 in japan ) is a professional wrestling video game released on the PlayStation 2 console by THQ and developed by YUKE 's Future Media Creators .


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Question: Christopher Stephen Grayling ( born April 1 , 1962 ) is an English politician and a current Minister of State in the Department for Work and Pensions .

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Christopher Stephen `` Chris '' Grayling ( born 1 April 1962 ) is a British politician .

Owen William Paterson ( born 24 June 1956 ) is a British Conservative Party politician . He is the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for North Shropshire and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland .


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Question: He is the Member of Parliament for the Epsom and Ewell constituency in the United Kingdom .

He is the Conservative Member of Parliament for Epsom and Ewell .

Dame Anne Begg , DBE ( born 6 December 1955 ) is a British Labor Party politician , who has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Aberdeen South since 1997 .


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Question: He said the song could `` raise chills up the spine . ''

Hers is a voice that can raise chills up the spine , and , when she is in a mood like this , the sense of foreboding will rivet your attention .

He said later that `` it was a nightmare when they were wiped out .


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Question: AOL Radio Blog 's Nadine Cheung says the song is `` sung from the perspective of a scorned lover , who is finally able to see the light , but despite regretful sentiments , reconciliation is not an option here . ''

According to Nadine Cheung from AOL Radio Blog the song is `` sung from the perspective of a scorned lover , who is finally able to see the light , but despite regretful sentiments , reconciliation is not an option here . ''

She performed ` Losing Grip ' at the Juno Awards of 2003 . It is about Lavigne `` losing grip '' with her boyfriend as they are just not meant to be .


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Question: The song has `` martial arts '' , `` pounding piano keys '' ( played by Neil Crowley ) and `` chanting backing singers '' .

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The song features `` martial beats '' , `` pounding piano chords '' ( played by Neil Cowley ) and `` chanting backing singers '' .

The song contains broadly the same melody as the opening version , but with different lyrics and omitting the `` It 's wonderful to be here '' section .


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Question: He said that the song started with `` a stroked acoustic guitar . '' But he described its end as `` stomping '' and one that has hand-clapping .

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Starting with a stroked acoustic guitar , this breakup-mourning track builds to a stomping , hand-clapping climax that affirms the English knack for rejiggering the sound of Black American roots music . ''

Matt Diehl of Rolling Stone magazine has noted `` Yellow '' is `` unrepentantly romantic '' , adding that `` the band creates a hypnotic slo-mo otherworld where spirit rules supreme '' .


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Question: The song was praised by critics for Adele 's powerful voice , the lyrics and the song 's instrumentation .

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The song received critical acclaim for Adele 's powerful vocals , the powerful set of lyrics and the song 's instrumentation .

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My Arms , Your Hearse marked the beginning of a shift in the band 's sound , focusing less on guitar harmonies and more heavily on progressive metal riffs .


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Question: Lipshutz praised Adele 's vocal performance .

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Lipshutz also praised Adele 's vocal performance by writing , `` Adele 's noticeable leap in vocal confidence highlights the track .

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He joined Casaya after Melinda 's elimination .


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Question: The song debuted at number two in the United Kingdom . There , it became Adele 's third top-ten single .

The song debuted at number two in the United Kingdom , becoming Adele 's third top ten single .

The album debuted at number 64 in the US , and number nine in Sweden , higher than any previous Opeth release .


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Question: The song was written by Adele and Paul Epworth . Adele has described it as a `` dark blues-y gospel disco tune '' .

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The song was written by Adele and Paul Epworth and has been described by Adele as a `` dark blues-y gospel disco tune '' .

The song has been noted as one of the highlights of the album by fans , as well as the band themselves , with guitarist Noel Gallagher labeling it `` deceptively brilliant '' .


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Question: Rolling Stones Barry Walters gave `` Rolling in the Deep '' a positive review . He said Adele 's voice was `` powerful but not particularly pop '' in the song .

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Rolling Stones Barry Walters gave the song a positive review stating '' `` Rolling in the Deep '' finds the 22-year-old in bluesy gospel mode , sounding powerful but not particularly pop .

Lipshutz also praised Adele 's vocal performance by writing , `` Adele 's noticeable leap in vocal confidence highlights the track .


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Question: Jason Lipshutz from Billboard praised the chorus of the song and its instrumentation .

Jason Lipshutz from Billboard complimented the song 's `` sweeping chorus '' and felt that the song `` places a similar emphasis on its refrain but its multilayered instrumentation gives the English singer 's wail a previously unheard depth . ''

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Question: `` Rolling in the Deep '' is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele . It is from her second studio album , 21 .

`` Rolling in the Deep '' is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele from her second studio album 21 .

`` Born This Way '' is a song by American recording artist Lady Gaga , from her second studio album of the same name .


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Question: Critics have said Adele 's vocals are like Wanda Jackson 's `` dirty-blues growl . ''

Adele 's vocals have been described as having a `` a hint of ( ( Wanda Jackson ( Wanda ) Jackson ) ) 's dirty-blues growl . ''

Rolling Stones Barry Walters gave the song a positive review stating '' `` Rolling in the Deep '' finds the 22-year-old in bluesy gospel mode , sounding powerful but not particularly pop .


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Question: It reached number one in Belgium , Germany , Italy , the Netherlands , and Switzerland . It also reached top ten in Austria , Canada , Denmark , Ireland , New Zealand , and Norway .

It peaked at number one in Belgium , Germany , Italy , the Netherlands and Switzerland , and became a top ten hit in Austria , Denmark , Ireland , New Zealand , and Norway .

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The duo achieved chart success with their first single `` Walking on a Dream '' which peaked at number ten on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and reached number sixty four on the UK Singles Chart .


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Question: The Sun called the song an `` epic , foot-stomper of a pop anthem . '' They said it had a thumping piano .

The Sun called the song `` an epic , foot-stomper of a pop anthem with thumping piano and a vocal you would expect from a veteran of 20 years on the road . ''

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Question: The Deccan is the home of the Marathi , who were 30 % of the population .

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The Deccan is the home of the Marathi , who constituted 30 % of the population .

Following a 1025 raid by the Chola Empire ( In the period of Emperor Rajendra Chola I ) of southern India it began to gradually decline in importance .


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Question: It began in the 17th century as trading posts of the British East India Company , but later grew to include much of western and central India , as well as parts of Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula .

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It was established in the 17th century as a trading post for the English East India Company , but later grew to encompass much of western and central India , as well as parts of post-partition Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula .

However it is declining in many areas including the Northern and Western United States , Oceania ( Australia and New Zealand ) , northern Europe ( including Great Britain , Scandinavia and other places ) , France , Germany , the Canadian provinces of Ontario , British Columbia , and Quebec , and parts of Asia ( especially the Middle East , South Korea , Taiwan and Macau ) .


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Question: During the 18th century , the Maratha Empire grew quickly , conquering Konkan and much of eastern Gujarat from the Mughal Empire .

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During the 18th century , the Hindu Maratha Empire expanded rapidly , claiming Konkan and much of eastern Gujarat from the disintegrating Mughal Empire .

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Saugor was the seat of a Maratha governor , and the northern portion of the territory was ceded by the Maratha Peshwa , the southern portion , which included Jabalpur and the upper Narmada River valley , was ceded by the Bhonsle maharaja of Nagpur .


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Question: In Sindh Islam had been the main religion since the Arab conquest in the 8th century .

In Sindh Islam had been the predominant religion from the Arab conquest in the 8th century .

Because of the natural harbor , Chittagong had been an important location for trade , drawing Arab traders as early as the 9th century CE .


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Question: The first battle between the British and the Marathas was the First Anglo-Maratha War which began in 1774 and resulted in the 1782 treaty of Salbai . The treaty meant that the island of Salsette , next to Bombay island , was given to the British .

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"A scale model is a physical model , a representation or copy of an object that is larger or smaller than the actual size of the object , which seeks to maintain the relative proportions ( the scale factor ) of the physical size of the original object ." == "A scale model is a copy of an object that is bigger or smaller than the real size of the object ."

The first conflict between the British and the Marathas was the First Anglo-Maratha War which began in 1774 and resulted in the 1782 treaty of Salbai , by which the island of Salsette , adjacent to Bombay island , was ceded to the British , while Bharuch was ceded to the Maratha ruler Scindia .


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Question: The Konkan had various Christian castes , because of the rule of the Portuguese .

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The Konkan is notable for various Christian castes , owing their origin to Portuguese rule ; while in the Carnatic , Lingayatism , a Hindu reformation movement of the 12th century , was embraced by 45 % of the population .

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They wrote about the history of Jesus Christ , that of the Church and that of their patrons , the dynastic history of the local rulers .


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Question: British territory became bigger in the Second Anglo-Maratha War which ended in 1803 .

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British territory was enlarged in the Second Anglo-Maratha War which ended in 1803 .

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The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10 , 1763 , and war in the European theater of the Seven Years ' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on February 15 , 1763 .


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Given à à à à '' ) means inside a room . it matches with à à à à '' \/ inside a room ) . but not with The word is a culmination of two words : `` Vahir '' ( '' à à 3\/4 à à à '' \/ Outside ) and `` Andar '' ( '' à

Question: In western Gujarat , including Kathiawar and Kutch , the weakening Mughal control allowed lots of local rulers to become independent .

In western Gujarat , including Kathiawar and Kutch , the loosening of Mughal control allowed numerous local rulers to create virtually independent states .

After some decades of expansion , the Pandyan Empire was large enough to pose a serious threat to the Pallava power .


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'Many people do not realize that extended warranties are not always provided through the manufacturer , but in some circumstances it may work to the consumer 's benefit .' == 'Extended warranties are not usually provided through the manufacturer but are extended through independent administrators . In some circumstances it may work to the consumer 's benefit having an assurance to the product from a company outside of place of purchase and\/or service .' != 'Plumbing installation and repair work on residences and other buildings generally must be done according to plumbing and building codes to protect the inhabitants of the buildings and to ensure safe , quality construction to future buyers . If permits are required for work , plumbing contractors typically secure them from the authorities on behalf of home or building owners .'

Question: The census of 1901 gave a total of 25,468,209 people .

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The census of 1901 gave a total of 25,468,209 .

By 1858 , of the roughly 1,000 free residents of Auburn , some 500 were students .


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Question: In 1668 Bombay was given to the East India Company for a yearly payment of Â # 10 .

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So lightly was the acquisition esteemed in England and so unsuccessful was the administration of the crown officers , that in 1668 Bombay was transferred to the East India Company for an annual payment of Â # 10 .

Arnold received a commission as a brigadier general in the British Army , an annual pension of Â # 360 , and a lump sum of over Â # 6,000 .


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Question: In 1687 Bombay became the capital of the Company 's territories in India . However in 1753 Calcutta was in charge of the Government of Bombay .

In 1687 Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company 's possessions in India ; but in 1753 the government of Bombay became subordinate to that of Calcutta .

The first conflict between the British and the Marathas was the First Anglo-Maratha War which began in 1774 and resulted in the 1782 treaty of Salbai , by which the island of Salsette , adjacent to Bombay island , was ceded to the British , while Bharuch was ceded to the Maratha ruler Scindia .


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Question: The Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India .

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The Bombay Presidency was a province of British India .

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Lahore Division was originally an administrative division of the Punjab Province of British India .


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Question: By religion the population was 19,916,438 Hindu , 4,567,295 Muslim , 535,950 Jain , 78,552 Zoroastrian , and about 200,000 Christian .

By religion the population was 19,916,438 Hindu , 4,567,295 Muslim , 535,950 Jain , 78,552 Zoroastrian , and approximately 200,000 Christian .

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Other important Christian denominations include Roman Catholicism ( 4.7 % ) , Protestantism ( 3.7 % ) , Pentecostalism ( 1.5 % ) and the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church ( 0.9 % ) .


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Question: The British took over Surat in 1800 .

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The city was essentially founded after Britain ceded the island to France in 1887 .


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Question: In Gujarat the main religion is Hinduism , although Muslim kingdoms have left their influence in many parts of the province .

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In Gujarat the predominant religion is Hinduism , although Muslim kingdoms have left their influence in many parts of the province .

Sindhi is the most widely used language but Thari is also spoken amongst the original inhabitants of Larkana , which shares similarities with the Sindhi language .


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Question: The first British settlement in the Bombay Presidency was in 1618 , when the East India Company established a factory at Surat . The British were protected by a charter from the Mughal Emperor Jahangir .

The first English settlement in the Presidency known as Western Presidency was in 1618 at Surat , when the East India Company established a factory at Surat in present-day Gujarat , protected by a charter obtained from the Mughal Emperor Jahangir .

After the loss of the post at Tayoan , the Dutch East India Company made several attempts to recapture it , and even formed an alliance with the Qing Empire to battle Koxinga 's fleet .


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Question: In 1950 Bombay Province was reorganised into Bombay State , which included the princely states .

In 1950 Bombay Province was reorganized into Bombay State , which included the princely states formerly under the political authority of Bombay Province ; these princely states were merged into the new state after their rulers acceded to India .

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The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories were attached to the North-Western Provinces , which included the British Dominions in the southern portion of present-day Uttar Pradesh state .


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Question: The main languages of the Presidency were Sindhi in Sindh , Kutchi in Kutch , Gujarati and Hindustani in Gujarat , Marathi in Thana and the central division , Gujarati and Marathi in Khandesh , and Marathi and Kannada in the southern division .

The chief languages of the Presidency were Sindhi in Sindh , Kutchi in Kutch , Gujarati and Hindustani in Gujarat , Marathi in Thana and the central division , Gujarati and Marathi in Khandesh , and Marathi and Kannada in the southern division .

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He seems to have spent most of his life wandering in the area between and including North Karnataka , through Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh , and into Gujarat as far as the Narmada River .


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Question: At its greatest extent , the Bombay Presidency was made up of the present-day state of Gujarat , the western two-thirds of Maharashtra state , including the regions of Konkan , Desh , and Kandesh , and northwestern Karnataka state of India ; It also included Pakistan 's Sindh province and the British territory of Aden in Yemen .

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At its greatest extent , the Bombay Presidency comprised the present-day state of Gujarat , the western two-thirds of Maharashtra state , including the regions of Konkan , Desh , and Kandesh , and northwestern Karnataka state of India ; It also included Pakistan 's Sindh province and the British territory of Aden in Yemen .

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The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories was a region of British India , located in central part of present-day Madhya Pradesh state in central India .


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Question: In 1661 Bombay was given to the British government , as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza when she married Charles II of England .

In 1661 it was ceded to the English crown , as part of the dowry of the infanta Catherine of Braganza on her marriage with Charles II of England .

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When Elizabeth was six years old , in 1603 , Elizabeth I of England died and her father , James , succeeded to the thrones of England and Ireland .


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Question: Ryuji Kitamura ( born 15 March 1981 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Matsumoto Yamaga .

Ryuji Kitamura is a Japanese football player who plays for Matsumoto Yamaga F.C. .

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Paulo Antonio de Oliveira ( born 16 July 1982 ) , or simply Paulinho , is a Brazilian football striker who plays for Ventforet Kofu .


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Question: Lewes is a city of Delaware in the United States . It is in Sussex County , which is in the south part of the state .

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Lewes is named after the town of Lewes in England , which also is situated in a county named Sussex ( from which Sussex County , Delaware , takes its name ) .

Poughkeepsie is a city in the state of New York , United States , which serves as the county seat of Dutchess County .


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Question: He was first elected to office in 2002 and re-elected in 2006 .

He was the 52nd Governor of Alabama , first elected in 2002 , and re-elected in 2006 .

She is the second woman elected to the United States Congress from Oklahoma and the first since 1921 when Alice Mary Robertson was elected to Congress and served for one term from 1921 to 1923 .


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Question: Robert Renfroe `` Bob '' Riley ( b. October 3 , 1944 ) is the 52nd and current Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama .

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Robert Renfroe `` Bob '' Riley ( born October 3 , 1944 ) is an American politician in the Republican Party .

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Charles Bradford `` Brad '' Henry ( born July 10 , 1963 ) was the 26th Governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma .


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Question: This is about the speed with which the echidna uses its tongue to catch ants and termites . The word aculeatus means `` spiny '' or `` equipped with spines '' .

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"The player 's mission is to infiltrate Naju , a large planet-like object which aliens sent hurtling towards the Earth . While inside , the player must activate ten safety devices in order to initialize Naju 's self-destruct mechanism and destroy the alien world before it reaches Earth ." == "The player is to destroy the alien moon Naju before it gets to Earth ."

The name Tachyglossus means `` quick tongue '' , in reference to the speed with which the Echidna uses its tongue to catch ants and termites , and aculeatus means `` spiny '' or `` equipped with spines '' .

However , skippers have the antennae clubs hooked backward like a crochet hook , while the typical butterflies have club-like tips to their antennae , and moth-butterflies have feathered or pectinate ( comb-shaped ) antennae similar to `` moths '' .


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Question: The subspecies are also different from each other as to hairiness , spine length and width , and the size of the claws on their back feet .

The subspecies also differ from one another in their hairiness , spine length and width , and the size of the grooming claws on their hind feet .

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Appearing as small white discs , the photophores are larger and more complex at the tips of the arms and at the base of the two fins , but are absent from the underside of the caped arms .


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'All RNA viruses use their own RNA replicase enzymes to create copies of their genomes .79' == 'All RNA viruses use their own RNA replicase enzymes to create copies of their genomes .' != 'The mRNA is then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm , where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into its corresponding protein form with the help of tRNA . In prokaryotic cells , which do not have nucleus and cytoplasm compartments , mRNA can bind to ribosomes while it is being transcribed from DNA .'

Question: During courtship â '' observed for the first time in 1989 â '' males locate and pursue females .

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During courtship -- observed for the first time in 1989 -- males locate and pursue females .

Early writers assumed the female sang when it is in fact the male .


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Question: Many groups have myths about the animal ; one myth explains that it was created when a group of hungry , young men went hunting at night and stumbled across a wombat .

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Many groups have myths about the animal ; one myth explains that it was created when a group of hungry young men went hunting at night and stumbled across a wombat .

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The creature also preys on young children , robs graves , drinks blood , steals coins and eats the dead , taking on the form of the one they previously ate .


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Question: The Short-beaked Echidna is an iconic animal in modern Australia . It appears on the Australian five-cent piece ( the smallest denomination ) and on a $ 200 commemorative coin released in 1992 .

The Short-beaked Echidna is an iconic animal in contemporary Australia , notably appearing on the Australian five-cent piece ( the smallest denomination ) , and on a $ 200 commemorative coin released in 1992 .

One-dollar coins were introduced in 1984 , followed by two-dollar coins in 1988 .


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Question: Little is known about their distribution in New Guinea , they have been found in southern New Guinea between Merauke in the west , to the Kelp Welsh River , east of Port Moresby in the east , where they may be found in open woodland .

Little is known about their distribution in New Guinea . They have been found in southern New Guinea between Merauke in the west and the Kelp Welsh River , east of Port Moresby , in the east , where they may be found in open woodland .

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At the peninsulaâ s widest point , it is 430 km from the Bloomfield River , in the southeast , across to the west coast ( just south of the Aboriginal community of Kowanyama ) .


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Question: The spines , which may be up to 50 mm long , are modified hairs , mostly made of keratin .

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The spines , which may be up to 50 m long , are modified hairs , mostly made of keratin .

Corms are small brown globules up to 4.5 c in diameter and are shrouded in a dense mat of parallel fibers .


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Question: This has conservation implications for the endangered species of echidna from the genus Zaglossus , and to a lesser extent for the Short-beaked Echidna .

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The failure of captive breeding programs has conservation implications for the endangered species of echidna from the genus Zaglossus , and to a lesser extent for the Short-beaked Echidna .

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Goodfellow 's Tree-kangaroo ( Dendrolagus goodfellowi ) , also called the Ornate Tree Kangaroo , belongs to the family Macropodidae , which includes kangaroos , wallabies and their relatives , and the genus Dendrolagus , with eleven other species .


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Question: The mouth of the Short-beaked Echidna can not open wider than 5 mm . The body of the Short-beaked Echidna is , except for the underside , face and legs , covered with cream-coloured spines .

The nostrils and the mouth are at the distal end of the snout ; the mouth of the Short-beaked Echidna can not open wider than 5 m. The body of the Short-beaked Echidna is , with the exception of the underside , face and legs , covered with cream-coloured spines .

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It has thick , coarse fur with color ranging from pale gray to brown ; its throat , chest and belly have a paler color .


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Question: The male is often observed to roll the female onto her side and then assumes a similar position so that the two animals are abdomen to abdomen .

After prodding and sniffing her back , the male is often observed to roll the female onto her side and then assume a similar position himself so that the two animals are abdomen to abdomen , having dug a small crater to lie in .

By contraction of various parts of the panniculus carnosus , the Short-beaked Echidna can change shape , the most characteristic shape change being achieved by rolling itself into a ball when threatened , so protecting its belly and presenting a defensive array of sharp spines .


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Question: The Short-beaked Echidna has been included in several postal issues : it was one of four native species to appear on Australian postage stamps in 1974 , where it was the 25 cent stamp ; it appeared on a 37 cent stamp in 1987 , and again in 1992 when it was on the 35 cent stamp .

The Short-beaked Echidna has been included in several postal issues : it was one of four native species to appear on Australian postage stamps in 1974 , when it was on the 25-cent stamp ; it appeared on a 37-cent stamp in 1987 , and in 1992 it was on the 35-cent stamp .

Gray was also interested in postage stamps ; on 1 May 1840 , the day the Penny Black first went on sale , he purchased several with the intent to save them , thus making him the world 's first known stamp collector .


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Question: Like the platypus it has a low body temperature â '' between 30 and 32 Â C. Unlike the platypus , which shows no evidence of torpor or hibernation , the body temperature of the echidna may fall as low as 5 Â C. The Echidna does not pant or sweat and normally seeks shelter in hot conditions .

Like the Platypus , the Echidna has a low body temperature -- between 30 a -- but , unlike the Platypus , which shows no evidence of torpor or hibernation , the body temperature of the Echidna may fall as low as 5 Â . The Echidna does not pant or sweat and normally seeks shelter in hot conditions .

This is unusual for reptiles , because their skin is thick and scaly , but experiments with the black-and-yellow sea snake , Pelamis platurus ( a pelagic species ) , have shown that this species can satisfy about 20 % of its oxygen requirements in this manner , which allows for prolonged dives .


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Question: The tongue of the Short-beaked Echidna is the animal 's only way of catching prey . It can stick out up to 180 mm outside the snout .

The tongue of the Short-beaked Echidna is the animal 's sole means of catching prey , and can protrude up to 180 m outside the snout .

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Although only the size of a very small mouse ( 65 to 80 mm and 10 to 14 g ) , it can leap and glide up to 25 metres .


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Question: Species of the Tachyglossidae are egg-laying mammals ; together with the related family Ornithorhynchidae , the Platypuses , they are the only living monotremes in the world .

Species of the Tachyglossidae are egg-laying mammals ; together with the related family Ornithorhynchidae , they are the only extant monotremes in the world .


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Question: It is not threatened with extinction , but human activities , such as hunting , habitat destruction , and the introduction of foreign predatory animals and parasites , have reduced the places where the Short-beaked Echidna can be found in Australia .

It is not threatened with extinction , but human activities , such as hunting , habitat destruction , and the introduction of foreign predatory species and parasites , have reduced the distribution of the Short-beaked Echidna in Australia .

These particular animals , such as the American Crocodile and Asian brown tortoise , have evolutionary links to the age of the dinosaurs .


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Question: Trains of up to ten males may follow a single female in a courtship ritual that may last for up to four weeks ; the duration of the courtship period varies with location .

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Trains of up to ten males -- often with the youngest and smallest male at the end of the queue -- may follow a single female in a courtship ritual that may last for up to four weeks ; the duration of the courtship period varies with location .

A twelve-year field study , published in 2003 , found that the Short-beaked Echidna reaches sexual maturity between five and twelve years of age , and that the frequency of reproduction varies from once every two years to once every six years .


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Question: Like the other monotremes , the Short-beaked Echidna lays eggs . The monotremes are the only mammals that lay eggs .

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Like the other extant monotremes , the Short-beaked Echidna lays eggs ; the monotremes are the only group of mammals to do so .

Obdurodon differed from modern Platypuses in that it had molar teeth ( in the modern platypus , individuals lose their teeth upon reaching adulthood ) .


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Question: Following the gestation period , a single rubbery-skinned egg between 13 and 17 millimetres in diameter is laid directly into a small , backward-facing pouch that has developed on her abdomen .

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Fewshot example: "To eliminate suffering and achieve this peace , they follow a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths â '' a central tenet to their philosophy ." == "To get rid of suffering and get this peace , they follow a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths â '' a central tenet to their philosophy ."

Following the gestation period , a single rubbery-skinned egg between 13 a in diameter and 1.5 a in weight is laid from her cloaca directly into a small , backward-facing pouch that has developed on her abdomen .

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The parietal eye is only visible in hatchlings , which have a translucent patch at the top center of the skull .


Question: By contraction of various parts of this muscle the Short-beaked Echidna can change shape . The most common shape change is achieved by rolling itself into a ball when threatened , protecting its belly and presenting a defensive array of sharp spines .

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By contraction of various parts of the panniculus carnosus , the Short-beaked Echidna can change shape , the most characteristic shape change being achieved by rolling itself into a ball when threatened , so protecting its belly and presenting a defensive array of sharp spines .

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The old skin breaks near the mouth and the snake wriggles out , aided by rubbing against rough surfaces . In many cases , the cast skin peels backward over the body from head to tail in one piece , like pulling a sock off inside-out .


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Question: The muscles of the Short-beaked Echidna have a number of unusual features .

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The musculature of the Short-beaked Echidna has a number of unusual aspects .

The honey badger possesses an anal pouch which , unusually among mustelids , is reversible , a trait shared with hyenas .


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Question: The way in which puggles drink the milk is not yet known , but they have been observed drinking large amounts during each feeding period , since mothers may leave them unattended in the burrow for between five and ten days .

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They have been observed ingesting large amounts during each feeding period , and mothers may leave them unattended in the burrow for between five and ten days in order to find food .

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The Waved Albatross , on the other hand , makes no nest and will even move its egg around the pair 's territory , as much as 50 m , sometimes causing it to lose the egg .


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Question: The brain and central nervous system of the Short-beaked Echidna have been extensively studied for evolutionary comparison with placental mammals .

The brain and central nervous system of the Short-beaked Echidna have been extensively studied for evolutionary comparison with placental mammals , particularly with its fellow monotreme , the Platypus .

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This hypothesis recognized differences between microbats and megabats and acknowledged that flight has only evolved once in mammals .


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Question: When the tongue is retracted , the prey is caught on backward-facing keratinous `` teeth '' , located along the roof of the buccal cavity . This allows the animal to both capture and grind food .

When the tongue is retracted , the prey is caught on backward-facing keratinous `` teeth '' , located along the roof of the buccal cavity , allowing the animal both to capture and grind food .

The feeding apparatus ( stomotheca ) differs from other arachnids in that ingestion is not restricted to liquid , but chunks of food can be taken in .


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Question: Short-beaked Echidnas can live anywhere where there is a good supply of food .

Short-beaked Echidnas can live anywhere that has a good supply of food .

In Australia they are most common in forested areas where there are abundant termite-filled fallen logs .


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Question: The claws on the back feet are longer and curve backwards to help cleaning and grooming between the spines .

The claws on the hind feet are elongated and curve backwards to enable cleaning and grooming between the spines .

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A dangling appendage that extends from the head of the fish attracts small animals to within striking distance of the fish .


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Question: Sticking out the tongue is achieved by contracting the circular muscles that change the shape of the tongue and force it forward , and contraction of two muscles attached to the caudal end of the tongue and to the mandible .

Protrusion of the tongue is achieved by contracting circular muscles that change the shape of the tongue and force it forwards and contracting two genioglossal muscles attached to the caudal end of the tongue and to the mandible .

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It is fleshy in humans and other mammals , the skin being suspended by the chin and the jaws , and forming the lateral wall of the human mouth , visibly touching the cheekbone below the eye .


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Question: Retraction requires the contraction of two internal muscles .

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Retraction requires the contraction of two internal longitudinal muscles , known as the sternoglossi .

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The SNS consists of efferent nerves responsible for stimulating muscle contraction , including all the neurons connected with skeletal muscles , skin , and sense organs .


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Question: The Echidna 's fur may be infested with what is said to be the world 's largest flea , Bradiopsylla echidnae , which is about 4 mm long .

The Echidna 's fur may be infested with what is said to be the world 's largest flea , Bradiopsylla echidnae , which is about 4 m long .

and stands almost 2 m ( 6 ft. ) tall , the scientific name , Macropus giganteus ( gigantic large-foot ) , is misleading , as the Red Kangaroo of the semi-arid inland is , at 85 kg , larger .


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Question: He named the species Myrmecophaga aculeata . He thought it might be related to the South American anteater .

He named the species Myrmecophaga aculeata , thinking it might be related to the South American anteater .

Some authorities consider the geomyoids related to squirrels , beavers , and mountain beavers on this basis .


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Question: It has a highly sensitive optic nerve . It has been shown to have visual discrimination and spatial memory comparable to those of a rat .

It has a highly sensitive optic nerve , and has been shown to have visual discrimination and spatial memory comparable to those of a rat .

In the case above the photoreceptors for red light in the retina are fatigued , lessening their ability to send the information to the brain .


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Question: Gestation takes between 21 and 28 days , during which time the female constructs a nursery burrow .

Gestation takes between 21 and 28 days after copulation , during which time the female constructs a nursery burrow .

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During mating season , these salamanders will travel upstream , where the female lays two strings of over two hundred eggs each .


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Question: The Short-beaked Echidna can live as long as 45 years in the wild .

The Short-beaked Echidna can live as long as 45 years in the wild , and the longest-lived echidna in captivity reached 49 years of age in a zoo in Philadelphia in the US .

Males grow up to a body length of 3 m long and weigh up to 135 k. Females reach a body length of up to 1.1 m long and weigh up to 35 k. Tails can be from 0.9 t long . The average Red Kangaroo stands approximately 1.5 m tall .


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Question: The Short-beaked Echidna ( Tachyglossus aculeatus ) is 1 of 4 living types of echidna . It is also known as the Spiny Anteater because it eats ants and termites .

The Short-beaked Echidna ( Tachyglossus aculeatus ) , also known as the Spiny Anteater because of its diet of ants and termites , is one of four living species of echidna and the only member of the genus Tachyglossus .

Goodfellow 's Tree-kangaroo ( Dendrolagus goodfellowi ) , also called the Ornate Tree Kangaroo , belongs to the family Macropodidae , which includes kangaroos , wallabies and their relatives , and the genus Dendrolagus , with eleven other species .


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Question: The wombat adapted the spears as its own defense and turned into an Echidna .

The wombat adapted the spears for its own defense and turned into an Echidna .

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It refers to the large Achilles tendon needed to use the sickle claw on the foot , which was the major combat organ of dromaeosaurids .


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Question: Fur color changes with geographic location .

Colouration of the fur and spines varies with geographic location .

It occurs as an accidental further south in Central America .


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Question: The tongue is sticky because of the presence of glycoprotein-rich mucous . This mucus both lubricates movement in and out of the snout and helps to catch ants and termites , which stick to it .

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The tongue is sticky because of the presence of glycoprotein-rich mucous , which both lubricates movement in and out of the snout and helps to catch ants and termites , which adhere to it .

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After regurgitating the gastric pellet , it rubs its face in the dirt or on bushes to get rid of the mucus , suggesting that it , like humans , does not relish the scent of its own excretions .


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Question: In Australia they are most common in forested areas where there are many termite-filled fallen logs .

In Australia they are most common in forested areas where there are abundant termite-filled fallen logs .

The Soldier may be found in a variety of open , subtropical habitats such as citrus groves , weedy water edges where host plants occur , dry fields , etc. and in New Mexico .


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Question: There is an enormous muscle that is just beneath the skin and covers the entire body .

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The panniculus carnosus is an enormous muscle that is just beneath the skin and covers the entire body .

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Cheeks constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear .


Question: Only five zoos have managed to breed a captive Short-beaked Echidna , but no captive-bred young have survived to be adults .

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Up until 2006 , only five zoos have managed to breed a captive Short-beaked Echidna , but no captive-bred young have survived to maturity .

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The latter is a difficult task , and only a few young have been successfully raised sinceâ '' notably at Healesville Sanctuary in Victoria . The leading figure in these efforts was David Fleay , who established a platypussaryâ '' a simulated stream in a tankâ '' at the Healesville Sanctuary , where breeding was successful in 1943 .


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Question: The Tasmanian subspecies , T. a. setosus , is larger than the Australian mainland species .

Short-beaked Echidnas are typically 30 t in length , have a 75 m snout , and weigh between 2 a. However , the Tasmanian subspecies , T. a. setosus , is smaller than its Australian mainland counterparts .

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E.g. The opening ceremony was attended by over 600 guests ; those present included High Commissioners , Deputy High Commissioners , Members of European Parliament , Members of Parliament , Mayors of London boroughs , councilors , university lecturers , and representatives of 17 countries . == The opening ceremony was attended by over 600 guests such as High Commissioners , Deputy High Commissioners , Members of European Parliament , Members of Parliament , Mayors of London boroughs , councilors , university lecturers , and representatives of 17 countries .

There are two subspecies of the Western Grey : Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus of Kangaroo Island , and Macropus fuliginosus melanops , which has a range of different forms that intergrade clinally from west to east .


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Question: In Australia , it is the most widespread native mammal . In New Zealand it is known as the Mungwe in the Daribi and Chimbu languages .

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The species is found throughout Australia , where it is the most widespread native mammal , and in coastal and highland regions of southwestern New Guinea , where it is known as the Mungwe in the Daribi and Chimbu languages .

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Gunnedah and the surrounding areas were originally inhabited by Aborigines who spoke the Kamilaroi ( Gamilaraay ) language .


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Question: Captive breeding is difficult , partly because of the relatively infrequent breeding cycle .

Although it considered easy to keep Echidnas healthy in captivity , breeding is difficult , partly due to the relatively infrequent cycle .

It is possible , if unlikely , that continued selection pressure could bring about a complete absence of tusks in African elephants . The effect of tuskless elephants on the environment , and on the elephants themselves , could be dramatic .


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Question: Short-beaked Echidnas find food by smell , using sensors in the tip of their beak , and regularly feast on ants and termites .

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They locate food by smell , using sensors in the tip of their snout , and regularly feast on ants and termites .

After eating up to 80 percent of its body weight in one meal , it drags itself to a sunny location to speed digestion , as the food could rot and poison the dragon if left undigested for too long .


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Question: The duration of lactation is about 200 days , and the young leave the burrow between 180 and 240 days .

The duration of lactation is about 200 days , and the young leave the burrow after 180 to 205 days , usually in January or February , at which time they are around 800 a. There is no contact between the mother and young after this point .

Older males can get much larger , reaching at least 3200 k and occasionally weighing 4500 k. Male hippos appear to continue growing throughout their lives ; females reach a maximum weight at around age 25 .


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Question: The eyes are small and at the base of the wedge-shaped beak .

The eyes are small , approximately a 9 m diameter sphere and at the base of the wedge-shaped snout .

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These moths are easily distinguishable by the vaguely human skull-shaped pattern of markings on the thorax .


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Question: Because the neck can not be seen , the head and body appear to join together .

Because the neck is not externally visible , the head and body appear to merge together .

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Examples:

"Flavors include peppermint , cinnamon , spearmint , wintergreen , and two sour flavors , cherry and apple ." == "They come in six flavors : Peppermint , Spearmint , Cinnamon , Wintergreen , Cherry , and Apple ."

The cowry 's smooth surface allows the needle to be positioned under the cloth more easily .


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Question: They have fur between the spines , which ranges in color from honey to a dark reddish-brown and even black . The underside and short tail are also covered in fur .

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Insulation is provided by fur between the spines , which ranges in color from honey to a dark reddish-brown and even black ; the underside and short tail are also covered in fur .

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The pilot fish is of a dark blue to blackish-silver color , with the belly being lighter in color .


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Question: A twelve-year field study , published in 2003 , found that the Short-beaked Echidna reached sexual maturity between five and 12 years of age , and that the frequency of reproduction varies from once every two years to once every six years .

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A twelve-year field study , published in 2003 , found that the Short-beaked Echidna reaches sexual maturity between five and twelve years of age , and that the frequency of reproduction varies from once every two years to once every six years .


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Question: The Short-beaked Echidna is the only member of its genus , sharing the family Tachyglossidae with the surviving three species of the genus Zaglossus that live in New Guinea .

The Short-beaked Echidna is the only member of its genus , sharing the family Tachyglossidae with the extant species of the genus Zaglossus that occur in New Guinea .

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Goodfellow 's Tree-kangaroo ( Dendrolagus goodfellowi ) , also called the Ornate Tree Kangaroo , belongs to the family Macropodidae , which includes kangaroos , wallabies and their relatives , and the genus Dendrolagus , with eleven other species .


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Question: Another story tells of a greedy man that kept food from his tribe ; warriors speared him and he crawled away into the bushes , where he was turned into an Echidna , the spears becoming his spines .

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Another story tells of a greedy man who kept food from his tribe ; warriors speared him and he crawled away into the bushes , where he turned into an Echidna , the spears becoming his spines .

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Devastated , Niobe fled back to Mount Sipylus and was turned into stone , and , as she wept unceasingly , waters started to pour from her petrified complexion .


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Question: The species was a totem for some groups , including the Noongar people from Western Australia , who called the animal the Nyingarn .

The species was a totem for some groups , including the Noongar people from Western Australia .

The name Kalganup is believed to be the Noongar word for ` place of many waters ' .


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Given In this situation , Kathy and Neleh drew yellow rocks , and Paschal pulled the purple rock ., a positive would be However at this tribal council , Neleh and Kathy were also forced to choose rocks , when according to the rules they should have been immune , which would in theory automatically eliminate Paschal . Though Paschal chose the purple rock and was eliminated anyway , it is speculated that the fire-making challenge ( which would involve only Neleh and Kathy ) was meant to be used in this case and that production was in error by using the rock tiebreaker . & a negative would be While in Ulong , Jolanda and Angie were to blame for the loss ( Angie deemed as a weak link and Jolanda insisting to take all the supplies ) .

Question: There are five subspecies of the Short-beaked Echidna , each live in different areas .

There are five subspecies of the Short-beaked Echidna , each found in a different geographical location .

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The Red-necked Wallaby ( Macropus rufogriseus ) is a medium-sized marsupial macropod , common in the more temperate and fertile parts of eastern Australia , including Tasmania .


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Question: The Short-beaked Echidna is covered in fur and spines . It has a special nose ( snout ) and a special tongue that lets the echidna catch its prey at a great speed .

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Given Later that year , the remains of Jimi Hendrix , his father Al Hendrix , and grandmother Nora Rose Moore Hendrix were moved to the new site . The headstone contains a depiction of a Fender Stratocaster guitar , the instrument he was most famed for using â '' â `` although the guitar is shown right-side up , rather than the way Hendrix played it , upside down ( left-handed ) ., a positive would be His headstone was wrong because it shows a picture of Hendrix playing a Stratocaster , but the Stratocaster is right-handed , Hendrix played left-handed .

The Short-beaked Echidna is covered in fur and spines and has a distinctive snout and a specialized tongue , which it uses to catch its prey at a great speed .

They locate food by smell , using sensors in the tip of their snout , and regularly feast on ants and termites .


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Question: Rawalpindi ( Urdu : Ø Ø Ù Ù Ù 3\/4 Ù Ú Û RÄ walpindÄ `` ) is a city in the Pothohar Plateau near Pakistan 's capital city of Islamabad , in the province of Punjab . It is the military headquarters of the Pakistan Armed Forces and also served as the nation 's capital while Islamabad was being constructed in the 1960s .

' ( Urdu , Punjabi : , RÄ walpindÄ `` ) is a city in the Pothohar region of Pakistan in Punjab province near Pakistan 's capital city of Islamabad , in the province of Punjab .

Vehari District is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan - the city of Vehari is the capital of the district .


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Question: According to tradition , she discovered silk and invented the silk loom in the 28th century BC .

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According to tradition , she discovered silk and invented the silk loom in the 27th century BC .

Alexander the Great conquered this empire in the 4th century BC .


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Question: She is credited with inventing the silk reel , which joins thin silk threads into a thicker thread strong enough for weaving .

She is attributed with inventing the silk reel , which joins fine filaments into a thread strong enough for weaving .

represent the next text Given MÃ 1\/4 hlehorn is a former municipality in the canton of Glarus in Switzerland ., a positive would be MÃ 1\/4 hlehorn is a municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland .

In general , yarns become stronger with more twist ( also called worst ) , longer fibers and thicker yarns ( more fibers ) ; for example , thinner yarns require more twist than do thicker yarns to resist breaking under tension .


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Question: She asked her husband to give her a grove of mulberry trees , where she could keep the worms that made these cocoons .

She persuaded her husband to give her a grove of mulberry trees , where she could domesticate the worms that made these cocoons .

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Where there was no pasture or water , the Bedouin fed their horses dates and camel 's milk .


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Question: Leizu shared what she found out with others and the knowledge became common .

Leizu shared her discoveries with others and the knowledge became widespread in China .

Being grateful , the French king spread around the information about the food which had cured him .


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Question: Another story says that she found silkworms eating the mulberry leaves and spinning cocoons .

Another says that she found silkworms eating the mulberry leaves and spinning cocoons .

One day in 1928 , while walking through some woods collecting sap for maple syrup , Copeman noticed that slush and ice flaked off his rubber boots rather than adhering to them .


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Question: It is not known how much , if any , of this story is true , but historians do know that silk was first made in China .

It is not known how much , if any , of this story is true , but historians do know that China was the first civilization to use silk .

For reasons not altogether clear , it is less common in Victoria .


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Question: Leizu was a legendary Chinese queen .

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Leizu was a legendary Chinese empress and wife of the Yellow Emperor .

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Very little is known about Empress Fu 's life before or after she became an empress .


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Question: When the silk ran out , she saw a small cocoon , and realized that this cocoon was the source of the silk .

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When the silk ran out she saw a small cocoon and realized that this cocoon was the source of the silk .

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Sometimes the mirror was shown on his chest , and sometimes smoke would emanate from the mirror .


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Question: The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state .

It contains antimony in its +3 oxidation state .

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A perchlorate ( compound ) is a compound containing this group , with chlorine in oxidation state +7 .


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Question: Antimony triiodide is a red solid . It is made by reacting antimony with iodine or by reacting concentrated hydriodic acid with antimony trioxide .

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It may be formed by the reaction of antimony with elemental iodine , or the reaction of antimony trioxide with hydroiodic acid .

Mercury ( I ) bromide is prepared by the oxidation of elemental mercury with elemental bromine or by adding sodium bromide to a solution of mercury ( I ) nitrate .


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Question: Antimony triiodide is a chemical compound . Its chemical formula is SbI3 .

Antimony triiodide is the chemical compound with the formula SbI3 .

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Sodium selenide is a inorganic compound of sodium and selenium with the chemical formula Na2Se .


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Question: Versainville is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Versainville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .

Sainte-Marie-Outre-l ` Eau is a French commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


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Question: This page is for architects from Japan .

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This category contains a list of people from Massachusetts .


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Question: The town is an example of the medieval fortified town known as a bastide . It was founded by Philip the Bold in 1281 .

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The town , an example of the medieval fortified town known as a bastide , was founded by Philip the Bold in 1281 .

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The Treaty of Paris was signed on April 12 , 1229 between Raymond VII of Toulouse and Louis IX of France .


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Question: Domme is a commune in the Dordogne department in Aquitaine in southwestern France .

Domme is a commune in the Dordogne department in Aquitaine in south-western France .

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Le Puy is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


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Question: He had to leave Russia because of Stalin , who was now his own enemy and wanted to harm Trotsky . Stalin had a Soviet spy murder Trotsky in Mexico in 1940 .

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The reorganization caused yet another conflict between Trotsky and Stalin in late September .

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The Communists refused to turn over his body to his family for burial , and rumors persisted that he had in fact died of torture .


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Question: The Mount Cayley volcanic field is named after Mount Cayley .

Because these features are related to the stratovolcano of Mount Cayley , the volcanic field is commonly referred to as the Mount Cayley volcanic field .

Although part of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt within the Cascade Volcanic Arc , it is not considered part of the Cascade Range .


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Question: In 1882 , Vogel became the Director at the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam and he is best known for some work there in 1890 .

In 1882 , Vogel became the Director at the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam . and he is best known for a discovery he made there in 1890 .

Struve came out in favor of the name Neptune on December 29 , 1846 , to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences .


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Question: Hermann Carl Vogel ( born April 3 1841 , died August 13 1907 ) was a German astronomer .

Hermann Carl Vogel ( April 3 , 1841 -- August 13 , 1907 ) was a German astronomer .

Heinz Wewers ( born 27 July 1927 - 29 August 2008 ) was a German footballer .


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Question: Vogel found that the color of some stars changed over time , becoming red and then later becoming blue .

Vogel found that the spectra of certain stars shifted slightly over time , moving toward the red and then later toward the blue .

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Most observed white dwarfs have relatively high surface temperatures , between 8,000 K and 40,000 K. A white dwarf , though , spends more of its lifetime at cooler temperatures than at hotter temperatures , so we should expect that there are more cool white dwarfs than hot white dwarfs . Once we adjust for the selection effect that hotter , more luminous white dwarfs are easier to observe , we do find that decreasing the temperature range examined results in finding more white dwarfs .


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Question: Erlen is a municipality of the district of Bischofszell in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

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For instance, <<On July 14 , 2007 , Younha appeared on the Korean GomTV MSL Grand Finals ( a StarCraft tournament ) and performed in the opening ceremony .>>  to <<On July 14th 2007 , Younha appeared on the Korean GomTV MSL Grand Finals ( Starcraft tournament ) and played in the opening ceremony .>>

Erlen is a municipality in the district of Bischofszell in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

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Biberist is a municipality in the district of Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland .


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Question: jpg thumb ( 450x600 ) px right LeAnn Rimes ) ) Margaret LeAnn Rimes , known as simply LeAnn Rimes , is an American country singer-songwriter and actress notable for rich vocals matching that of Patsy Cline .

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Many music critics have argued that Rimes ' vocals were only a reproduction of Cline 's original sound , while others have disagreed . Allmusic has called Rimes ' vocals `` rich and powerful . ''

Joanna NoÃ `` lle Blagden Levesque ( born December 20 , 1990 ) , professionally known as JoJo , is an American recording artist and actress .


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Question: Rimes was born in Mississippi , August 28 , 1982 .

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LeAnn Rimes ( born August 28 , 1982 ) is an American country singer-songwriter , actress , and author .

Mello was born in New Haven , Connecticut on October 18 , 1960 .


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Question: ( ( Image : LeAnn Rimes Yahoob . jpg thumb ( 450x600 ) px right LeAnn Rimes ) ) Margaret LeAnn Rimes , known as simply LeAnn Rimes , is an American country singer-songwriter and actress notable for rich vocals matching that of Patsy Cline .

LeAnn Rimes was born Margaret LeAnn Rimes ( in Pearl , Mississippi ) ; the only child of Belinda Butler Rimes and Wilbur Rimes .


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Question: jpg thumb ( 450x600 ) px right LeAnn Rimes ) ) Margaret LeAnn Rimes , known as simply LeAnn Rimes , is an American country singer-songwriter and actress notable for rich vocals matching that of Patsy Cline . Her debut album Blue was released in 1996 .

Rimes made her breakthrough into country music in 1996 .

She is the younger sister of singer Loretta Lynn ( 19 years younger ) and a distant cousin of singer Patty Loveless . Crystal Gayle has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , near Loretta Lynn 's star .


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Question: In 1944 this transforming principle was identified as being genetic by Oswald Avery , Colin MacLeod , and Maclyn McCarty .

In 1944 this `` transforming principle '' was identified as being genetic by Oswald Avery , Colin MacLeod , and Maclyn McCarty .

In 1946 and 1947 , Lederberg took a leave of absence to study under the mentorship of Tatum at Yale University .


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Question: Griffith thoought some `` transforming principle '' from the heat-killed strain was responsible for making the harmless strain virulent .

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Griffith hypothesized that some `` transforming principle '' from the heat-killed strain was responsible for making the harmless strain virulent .

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While there they discovered that tiny amounts of glutathione inhibited protein synthesis in reticulocytes , and that tiny amounts of RNA killed the synthesis all together .


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Question: Transformation did not become routine procedure in laboratories until 1972 when Cohen successfully transformed Escherichia coli by treating the bacteria with calcium chloride .

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The provided query could be "Chalk is resistant to weathering and slumping compared to the clays with which it is usually associated , thus forming tall steep cliffs where chalk ridges meet the sea . Chalk hills , known as chalk downland , usually form where bands of chalk reach the surface at an angle , so forming a scarp slope ." and the positive "Blackboard chalk is not real chalk ."

Transformation did not become routine procedure in laboratories until 1972 when Stanley Cohen , Annie Chang and Leslie Hsu successfully transformed Escherichia coli by treating the bacteria with calcium chloride .

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Griffith hypothesized that some `` transforming principle '' from the heat-killed strain was responsible for making the harmless strain virulent .


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Question: Introduction of foreign DNA into eukaryote cells is usually called `` transfection '' .

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Introduction of foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells is usually called `` transfection '' .

Rather , plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state .


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Question: The results of these experiments were at first sceptically received by the scientific community . Not until the discovery of other methods of genetic transfer ( conjugation in 1947 and transduction in 1953 ) by Joshua Lederberg were Avery 's experiments accepted .

The results of Avery et al . 's experiments were at first sceptically received by the scientific community and it was not until the development of genetic markers and the discovery of other methods of genetic transfer ( conjugation in 1947 and transduction in 1953 ) by Joshua Lederberg that Avery 's experiments were accepted .

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Robert William Holley ( January 28 , 1922 -- February 11 , 1993 ) was an American biochemist , he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 ( with Har Gobind Khorana and Marshall Warren Nirenberg ) for describing the structure of alanine transfer RNA , linking DNA and protein synthesis .


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Question: They called this uptake and incorporation of DNA by bacteria ` transformation ' .

They called this uptake and incorporation of DNA by bacteria `` transformation . ''

In early 1948 , she made the surprising discovery that both Dissociator and Activator could transpose , or change position , on the chromosome .


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Question: By removing the genes in the plasmid which caused the tumor and adding in new genes researchers were able to infect plants with A. tumefaciens and let the bacteria insert their chosen DNA into the genomes of the plants .

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By removing the genes in the plasmid that caused the cancer and adding in novel genes researchers were able to infect plants with A. tumefaciens and let the bacteria insert their chosen DNA into the genomes of the plants .

They are a type of reporter gene used in laboratory microbiology , molecular biology , and genetic engineering to indicate the success of a transfection or other procedure meant to introduce foreign DNA into a cell . Selectable markers are often antibiotic resistance genes ; bacteria that have been subjected to a procedure to introduce foreign DNA are grown on a medium containing an antibiotic , and those bacterial colonies that can grow have successfully taken up and expressed the introduced genetic material .


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Question: This created an efficient and convenient procedure for transforming bacteria and opened the way for biotechnology and research .

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This created an efficient and convenient procedure for transforming bacteria and opened the way for molecular cloning in biotechnology and research .

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Transformation may also be used to describe the insertion of new genetic material into nonbacterial cells including animal and plant cells , however , because transformation has a special meaning in relation to animal cells indicating progression to a cancerous state , the term should be avoided for animal cells when describing introduction of exogenous genetic material .


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Question: Transformation may also used to describe the insertion of new genetic material into nonbacterial cells including animal and plant cells .

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Transformation may also be used to describe the insertion of new genetic material into nonbacterial cells including animal and plant cells , however , because transformation has a special meaning in relation to animal cells indicating progression to a cancerous state , the term should be avoided for animal cells when describing introduction of exogenous genetic material .

One such approach , successfully attempted by Craig Venter and others at The Institute for Genomic Research , involves engineering existing prokaryotic cells with progressively fewer genes , attempting to discern at which point the most minimal requirements for life were reached .


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Question: Transformation is one of three processes by which outside genetic material may be got into bacterial cells . The other two are conjugation ( transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact ) , and transduction ( injection of foreign DNA by a bacteriophage into the host ) .

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Transformation is one of three processes by which exogenous genetic material may be introduced into bacterial cell , the other two being conjugation ( transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact ) , and transduction ( injection of foreign DNA by a bacteriophage into the host ) .

Unlike viruses , plasmids are `` naked '' DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host , though some classes of plasmids encode the sex pilus necessary for their own transfer .