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Question: His first public concert was at the Concerts Colonne in 1897 when he played Beethoven 's Piano Concerto No. 3 .

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He made his debut at the Concerts Colonne in 1897 , playing Beethoven 's Piano Concerto No. 3 .

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Of a total of some 80 published compositions . nearly a half are currently available on CD , the most popular being the overture The Naiades Op 15 , the Chamber Trio Op 26 , and the Piano Concerto No. 4 , Op 19 .


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Question: From 1907 to 1923 Cortot taught at the Paris Conservatoire , where his pupils included Clara Haskil , Dinu Lipatti , Vlado Perlemuter .

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In 1907 , he was appointed Professor by Gabriel FaurÃ at the Conservatoire de Paris , replacing Raoul Pugno . He continued to teach at the Paris Conservatoire until 1923 , where his pupils included Clara Haskil , Yvonne LefÃ bure , Dinu Lipatti , Vlado Perlemuter , Simone PlÃ - Caussade , and Marguerite Monnot .

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The `` Bechstein Hall '' opened on 31 May 1901 with a concert featuring the virtuoso pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni and violinist EugÃ ne YsaÃ e. During its early period , the Hall attracted great artists like Artur Schnabel , Pablo Sarasate , Percy Grainger , Myra Hess , Arthur Rubinstein , Camille Saint-Sa Ã `` ns and Max Reger .


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Question: His wife , Clothilde Breal , was of Jewish origin and her cousin , Lise Bloch , was married to Leon Blum , the first Jew to become President du Conseil or Prime Minister in France .

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Moreover his wife , Clothilde Breal , daughter of the linguist Michel Breal , was of Jewish origin and Clothilde Breal 's cousin , Lise Bloch , was married to LÃ on Blum , the first Jew to become President du Conseil or Prime Minister in France .

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Sand 's father , Maurice Dupin , was the grandson of the Marshal General of France , Maurice , Comte de Saxe , himself an illegitimate son of Augustus II the Strong , King of Poland and a Saxon elector , and a cousin to the sixth degree to the kings of France Louis XVI , Louis XVIII and Charles X. Sand 's mother , Sophie-Victoire Delaborde , was a commoner .


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Question: In 1905 , Cortot formed a trio with Jacques Thibaud and Pablo Casals , which became the most famous piano trio of the time .

In 1905 , Cortot formed a trio with Jacques Thibaud and Pablo Casals , which established itself as the leading piano trio of its era .

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After years of internment , like Brainin and Nissel , Schidlof became a pupil of Max Rostal , and it was Rostal who became the mentor of the Amadeus and persuaded Schidlof , who had been a violinist , to become a viola player .


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Question: In 1902 he conducted Wagnerâ s GÃ tterdÃ mmerung . It was the first time it had been performed in Paris .

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In 1902 he conducted the Paris premiere of Wagner 's GÃ tterdÃ mmerung .

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Helene Berg 's death in 1976 , just six months before the Metropolitan Opera was due to present the American premiere ( in a production by John Dexter ) , paved the way for a new completed version to be made by Friedrich Cerha .


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Question: Cortot studied at the Paris Conservatoire . His teachers were Emile Descombes and Louis DiÃ mer .

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Born in Nyon , Vaud , in the French-speaking part of Switzerland , to a French father and a Swiss mother , Cortot studied at the Paris Conservatoire with Ã mile Descombes ( an associate and possibly a student of FrÃ dÃ ric Chopin ) , and with Louis DiÃ mer , taking a premier prix in 1896 .

As a composer , he produced a wide-ranging oeuvre of 65 opus numbers , and also taught two generations of well-known organists such as Jehan Alain and Marie-Claire Alain , Jean-Marie Beaudet , Pierre Cochereau , Jeanne Demessieux , Rolande Falcinelli , Jean Guillou , Jean Langlais , Carl Weinrich and Olivier Messiaen , to name only a few .


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Question: Beck and Coldplay have each received the award twice , the latter being the only group to win two years in a row .

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E.g. Originally founded as The Primettes in Detroit , Michigan , in 1959 , The Supremes ' repertoire included doo-wop , pop , soul , Broadway show tunes , psychedelic soul , and disco . == The Supremes ' were known for their doo-wop , pop , soul , Broadway show tunes , psychedelic soul , and disco .

Beck and Coldplay have each received the award twice , the latter being the only group to win two years consecutively .

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Having the role as Coldplay 's first release to crack the top 5 , the song shot to number four on the UK Singles Chart and placed Coldplay in public consciousness .


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Question: The definition of `` alternative '' has been debated . The award was first presented in 1991 to recognize non-mainstream rock albums `` heavily played on college radio stations '' .

While the definition of `` alternative '' has been debated , the award was first presented in 1991 to recognize non-mainstream rock albums `` heavily played on college radio stations '' .

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The jury , each year consisting of five to nine `` experts ... recognized professionals in their own fields of architecture , business , education , publishing , and culture '' , deliberate early the following year before announcing the winner in spring .


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Question: The Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album is an award given to recording artists for quality albums in the alternative rock genre at the Grammy Awards . The Grammy Awards were established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards .

The Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album is an award presented to recording artists for quality albums in the alternative rock genre at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards .

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Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States . That changed when the Daytime Emmy Awards , a separate awards show specifically just for daytime programming , was first held in 1974 .


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Question: Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony each year by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' .

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Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' .

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Question: According to the Academy , the award is presented to `` vocal or instrumental alternative music albums containing at least 51 % playing time of newly recorded music '' . The Academy defines `` alternative '' as a `` non-traditional '' genre that exists `` outside of the mainstream music consciousness '' .

According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award is presented to `` vocal or instrumental alternative music albums containing at least 51 % playing time of newly recorded music '' , defining `` alternative '' as a `` non-traditional '' genre that exists `` outside of the mainstream music consciousness '' .

Mainstream music denotes music that is familiar and unthreatening to the masses , as for example popular music , pop music , middle of the road music , pop rap or pop rock ; Mainstream jazz is generally seen as an evolution of be-bop , which was originally regarded as radical .


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Question: Procrastination is the behavior of putting off actions or tasks at a later time .

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In psychology , procrastination refers to the act of replacing high-priority actions with tasks of low-priority , and thus putting off important tasks to a later time .

A time horizon , also known as a planning horizon , is a fixed point of time in the future at which point certain processes will be evaluated or assumed to end .


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Question: Vocal range is the measure of the pitches that a human voice can make .

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Vocal range is the measure of the breadth of pitches that a human voice can phonate .

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Examples:

"Parmigiana made with a filling of eggplant ( aubergine ) is the earliest version ." == "Eggplant parmigiana is the earliest version ."

A transposing instrument is a musical instrument for which written notes are read at a pitch different from sounding note concert pitch , which a non-transposing instrument , such as a piano , would play .


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Question: However , the most common use of the term `` vocal range '' is in singing , where it is used for classifying singing voices into groups .

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However , the most common application of the term `` vocal range '' is within the context of singing , where it is used as one of the major defining characteristics for classifying singing voices into groups known as voice types .

The same article expressed `` hope that pop 's fetish for uniform perfect pitch will fade '' , speculating that pop-music songs have become harder to differentiate from one another , as `` track after track has perfect pitch . ''


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Question: Although the study of vocal range is not used in terms of speech , it is a topic of study within linguistics , phonetics , and speech and language pathology .

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Although the study of vocal range has little practical application in terms of speech , it is a topic of study within linguistics , phonetics , and speech and language pathology , particularly in relation to the study of tonal languages and certain types of vocal disorders .

Traditionally , historical musicology has been considered the largest and most important subdiscipline of musicology . Today , historical musicology is one of several large subdisciplines .


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Question: The flattening , ellipticity , or oblateness of an oblate spheroid is the `` squashing '' of the spheroid 's pole , down towards its equator .

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The flattening , ellipticity , or oblateness of an oblate spheroid is a measure of the `` squashing '' of the spheroid 's pole , towards its equator .

By definition the inclination of a planet in the solar system is the angle between its orbital plane and the orbital plane of the Earth ( the ecliptic ) . In other cases , for instance a moon orbiting another planet , it is convenient to define the inclination of the moon 's orbit as the angle between its orbital plane and the planet 's equator .


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Question: Saint-Yzans-de-M Ã doc is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

Saint-Yzans-de-M Ã doc is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .

Bayon-sur-Gironde ( Baion in Occitan ) is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .


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Question: Locarno is the capital of the Locarno district in the Swiss canton of Ticino .

Locarno was the administrative center of the parish of Locarno .

Biasca is a town of the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .


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The query could be 'When a continental plate comes together with an oceanic plate , at subduction zones , the oceanic lithosphere always sinks beneath the continental .' and should be close to 'The gravitational instability of mature oceanic lithosphere has the effect that at subduction zones , oceanic lithosphere invariably sinks underneath the overriding lithosphere , which can be oceanic or continental .' but very far from 'It was during the Cretaceous Period that the Andes began to take its present form , by the uplifting , faulting and folding of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of the ancient cratons to the east .'

Question: Magny-en-Bessin is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Magny-en-Bessin is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .

Bretteville-sur-Odon is a commune in the department of Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


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Question: Neuville-sur-Ailette is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Neuville-sur-Ailette is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: Stade de Kadiogo is a stadium in Kadiogo , Burkina Faso .

Stade de Kadiogo is a multi-use stadium in Kadiogo , Burkina Faso .

Boudry is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in central-eastern Burkina Faso .


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Question: It is used mostly for football games and is the home stadium of Rail Club du Kadiogo .

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It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Rail Club du Kadiogo .

He played central defender with much teams in Brazil , Europe and with the Brazilian national team .


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Question: Bernard Dietz ( born 22 March , 1948 ) is a former German football player .

Bernard Dietz ( born 22 March 1948 in Hamm , West Germany ) is a former German football player and manager .

Wolfgang Fahrian ( born 31 May 1941 ) is a former German football player .


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Question: On 6 February 2011 , Moore died in his hotel room in Estepona , Spain .

Gary Moore died of a suspected heart attack , at the age of 58 during the early hours of 6 February 2011 . At the time , he was on holiday at the Kempinski Hotel in Estepona , Spain , with his girlfriend , who raised the alarm at 4:00 am .

At the age of 67 , Chaney died on July 12 , 1973 , of heart failure in San Clemente , California .


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Question: Robert William Gary Moore ( 4 April 1952 -- 6 February 2011 ) or Gary Moore , was a musician from Belfast , Northern Ireland . He was a blues rock guitarist and singer .

Robert William Gary Moore ( 4 April 1952 -- 6 February 2011 ) , better known simply as Gary Moore , was a musician from Belfast , Northern Ireland , best recognized as a blues rock guitarist and singer .

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John Dawson `` Johnny '' Winter III ( born February 23 , 1944 ) is an American blues guitarist , singer and producer .


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Question: On 6 February 2011 , Moore died in his hotel room in Estepona , Spain . A heart attack is believed to be the cause .

Moore died of a suspected heart attack in his hotel room while on holiday in Estepona , Spain , in February 2011 .

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Cullen , a smoker for most of his life , died on July 7 , 1990 , of lung cancer in Los Angeles .


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Question: Jonesville , Virginia is a town of Virginia in the United States .

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Jonesville is a town in and the county seat of Lee County , Virginia , United States .

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Farmer City , Illinois is the only Farmer City in the entire United States .


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Question: The Goldman Sachs Group , Inc. , or just Goldman Sachs is a investment banking and securities firm . They are involved with global investment banking , securities , investment management , and other financial services primarily with institutional clients .

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The Goldman Sachs Group , Inc. is an American investment banking and securities firm that engages in global investment banking , securities , investment management , and other financial services primarily with institutional clients .

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A venture capital fund refers to a pooled investment vehicle ( often an LP or LLC ) that primarily invests the financial capital of third-party investors in enterprises that are too risky for the standard capital markets or bank loans .


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Question: They are also known to be a primary dealer in the United States Treasury security market .

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The firm also engages in proprietary trading and private equity deals , and is a primary dealer in the United States Treasury security market .

In the mid-1990s , the bank started to get most of its funding from the central bank of Bangladesh .


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Question: Mingoval is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Mingoval is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: Manin , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Manin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Longvilliers ( until 1997 Longvillers ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: The first van to wear the Transit badge was the Taunus Transit . It was produced in Germany .

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Unlike the British-built Transit `` family '' , the first production Ford to wear the `` Transit '' badge was a van built in Ford 's KÃ ln ( Cologne ) plant in Germany .

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In 2003 , a new Colt was released by Mitsubishi in Japan with a design by Olivier Boulay and built on the same platform as the Smart Forfour . A European version made at Mitsubishi 's NedCar facility followed into production a year later ( see below ) .


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Question: Production of it ceased in 1965 .

Production of this model ceased in 1965 .

Transportation was eventually abolished in 1868 .


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Question: Tizac-de-Lapouyade is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

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Tizac-de-Lapouyade is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .

Bayon-sur-Gironde ( Baion in Occitan ) is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .


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Question: People who suffer from psychosis are said to be psychotic .

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Short-lived psychosis triggered by stress is known as brief reactive psychosis , and patients may spontaneously recover normal functioning within two weeks . In some rare cases , individuals may remain in a state of full-blown psychosis for many years , or perhaps have attenuated psychotic symptoms ( such as low intensity hallucinations ) present at most times .

Many people being treated for panic attacks begin to experience limited symptom attacks .


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Question: Psychosis is the name used in psychiatry for a number of conditions .

Psychoanalysis has a detailed account of psychosis which differs markedly from that of psychiatry . Freud and Lacan outlined their perspective on the structure of psychosis in a number of works .

Mood disorder is the term designating a group of diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM IV TR ) classification system where a disturbance in the person 's mood is hypothesized to be the main underlying feature . The classification is known as mood ( affective ) disorders in ICD 10 .


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Question: Psychosis is not a disease but rather a name for a number of symptoms , that can be caused by different diseases and conditions . Very broadly speaking there are two types of causes for psychosis :

Psychosis arising from `` organic '' ( non-psychological ) conditions is sometimes known as secondary psychosis .

Hallucinations may be manifested in a variety of forms . Various forms of hallucinations affect different senses , sometimes occurring simultaneously , creating multiple sensory hallucinations for those experiencing them .


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Question: Parasaurolophus is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America , about 73-76 million years ago .

Parasaurolophus ( , commonly also ; meaning `` near crested lizard '' in reference to Saurolophus ) is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America , about 76.5-73 million years ago .

Avimimus , meaning `` bird mimic '' ( Latin avis = bird + mimus = mimic ) , was a genus of bird-like maniraptoran dinosaur that lived in the late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia , around 70 million years ago .


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Question: It was a herbivore that walked both as biped and a quadruped .

It was a herbivore that walked both as a biped and a quadruped .

After comparing Archaeopteryx with Compsognathus , he concluded that birds evolved from small carnivorous dinosaurs , a theory widely accepted today .


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Question: The Pelagie Islands are three islands in the Mediterranean . They are Lampedusa , Linosa and Lampione .

The Pelagie Islands ( Italian : Isole Pelagie , Sicilian : Ã suli PilaggÃ ) , from the Greek pÃ lagos - Ï Î Î '' Î Î Î Ï meaning `` open sea '' , are the three small islands of Lampedusa , Linosa , and Lampione , located in the Mediterranean Sea between Malta and Tunisia , south of Sicily .

The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago , Elba is also part of the National Park of the Tuscan Archipelago and the third largest island in Italy after Sicily and Sardinia .


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Question: Amblie is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

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Amblie is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .

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Trois-Monts ( French for three-mountains ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


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Question: Mike Busniuk ( born December 13 , 1951 in Thunder Bay , Ontario ) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player .

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Michael Busniuk ( born December 13 , 1951 in Thunder Bay , Ontario ) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player .

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Scott Allen Young ( born October 1 , 1967 in Clinton , Massachusetts ) is a retired American professional ice hockey right winger .


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Question: Royal Museum is a museum located on Chambers Street , Edinburgh , UK . It is a national museum of Scotland , the other being the adjacent Museum of Scotland .

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The Royal Museum is the old name for part of the National Museum of Scotland , one of Scotland 's national museums , on Chambers Street , in Edinburgh .

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In 1986 , the museum absorbed the adjacent Geological Museum of the British Geological Survey , which had long competed for the limited space available in the area .


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Question: Both names merged with each other in 2007 to become the National Museum of Scotland .

Both names became defunct in 2007 when they were merged into The National Museum of Scotland .

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In 1993 the three parts were merged together to form the current district .


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Question: `` In My Place '' was well-received by critics .

`` In My Place '' was well received by critics .

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It was pressed to 1,000 copies , and was issued only to fans and journalists Both `` Yellow '' and `` Trouble '' earned regular radio airplay in the UK and US .


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Question: The music video was nominated for two MuchMusic Video Awards in 2003 in the categories of Best international videoâ `` group and People 's Choice : Favorite international group .

The music video was nominated for two MuchMusic Video Awards in 2003 in the categories of Best international video -- group and People 's Choice : Favorite international group .

`` What You Know '' won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance and was nominated for Best Rap Song at the 49th Grammy Awards . Also that year , T.I. collaborated with Justin Timberlake for `` My Love , '' which proved to be a worldwide hit , and won a Grammy Award for Best Rap\/Sung Collaboration with Justin Timberlake at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards and also won Best Male Hip-Hop Artist at the BET Awards for the second straight time .


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Question: `` In My Place '' won Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 45th Grammy Awards .

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`` In My Place '' won the award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 45th Grammy Awards .

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To give you a sense - "Maastricht is served by nearby Maastricht Aachen Airport - locally known as Beek - with scheduled flights to Alicante , Faro , Girona , MÃ laga , Pisa , Reus , Trapani and popular holiday destinations ( e.g. Greece and Turkey ) during the summer season . The airport is located about 10 kilometres north of Maastricht 's center ." should be close to "A few kilometres north of Maastricht , there 's the Maastricht Aachen Airport ."


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Question: Rock-a-bye Baby and Hush Little Baby are two very well-known lullabies .

However , most of those used today date from the seventeenth century onwards , and some of the best known English-language lullabies originate from the US ( for example , Rock-a-bye Baby ) .

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E.g.:
This template , , returns `` d '' , `` dm '' , or `` dms '' to indicate the most appropriate display format for a latitude-longitude pair expressed in decimal degrees . == This template , , returns `` d '' , `` dm '' , or `` dms '' , given two decimal WG84 coordinates .

The familiar figure of Mother Goose is an imaginary author of a collection of fairy tales and nursery rhymes which are often published as Mother Goose Rhymes . As a character , she appears in one `` nursery rhyme '' .


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Question: Brahms wrote his famous Wiegenlied originally for a young singer , Bertha Faber , when she gave birth to her second son .

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Brahms wrote his `` Wiegenlied '' for a Bertha Faber , on the occasion of the birth of his second son .

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Clara Josephine Wieck was born in Leipzig on 13 September 1819 to Friedrich and Marianne Wieck ( nÃ e Tromlitz ) . Her parents divorced when she was four years old ; Clara was raised by her father .


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Question: David Albelda ( born 1 September 1977 ) is a Spanish football player . He plays for Valencia .

David Albelda AliquÃ s ( born September 1 , 1977 ) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Valencia CF as a defensive midfielder .

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning Fewshot example: "At the end of the 20th century , the anti-tobacco campaign in Germany was unable to exceed the seriousness of the Nazi-era climax in the years 1939 â `` 41 and German tobacco health research was described by Robert N. Proctor as `` muted '' ." == "The present day anti-tobacco campaign in Germany has been unable to exceed the seriousness of the Nazi-era climax in the years 1939 â `` 41 and German tobacco health research at the end of the 20th century is described by Robert N. Proctor as `` muted '' ."

Juan Velasco Damas ( born May 15 , 1977 in Dos Hermanas , Seville ) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Larissa F.C. in Greece , as a right defender .


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Question: A group of elements in the periodic table is called metals .

Metals occupy the bulk of the periodic table , while non-metallic elements can only be found on the right-hand-side of the Periodic Table of the Elements .

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This definition has now been adopted by IUPAC and corresponds to including only Groups 3-11 as transition metals . Group 12 metals lack the characteristic chemical and physical properties associated with incomplete d subshells and are considered post-transition metals .


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Question: The elements that this line passes through are the metalloids .

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Most elements on this line are metalloids , sometimes called semiconductors .

However , for non-cyclical non-spiral scales such as S , T , and LL 's , the scale width is narrowed to make room for end margins .


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Question: Quincy-Basse is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

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Quincy-Basse is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

Villers-H Ã lon is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: Bodybuilders use weight training to improve their body image by developing their muscles for size , shape , and symmetry regardless of any increase in strength for competition in bodybuilding contests ; they train to maximize their muscular size and develop extremely low levels of body fat .

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Bodybuilders use weight training to develop their muscles for size , shape , and symmetry regardless of any increase in strength for competition in bodybuilding contests ; they train to maximize their muscular size and develop extremely low levels of body fat .

It 's used for physical exercise or stress relief . Athletically , it 's used to improve one of three areas : physical strength , aerobic fitness , or punching technique .


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Question: Weight training is a common type of strength training .

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Weight training is a common type of strength training for developing the strength and size of skeletal muscles .


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Question: Weight training , however , is often a part of the athlete 's training regimen .

Weight training , however , is often part of the athlete 's training regimen .


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Question: It uses the force of gravity in the form of weighted bars , dumbbells or weight stacks to oppose the force generated by muscles .

It uses the force of gravity ( in the form of weighted bars , dumbbells or weight stacks ) to oppose the force generated by muscle through concentric or eccentric contraction .

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However , turning one 's shoulder this way simply adds to the torque already being applied to the humerus by the opponent .


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Question: Weight training may differ from bodybuilding , Olympic weightlifting , powerlifting , which are rather sports than forms of physical fitness exercises .

Weight training differs from bodybuilding , Olympic weightlifting , powerlifting , and strongman , which are sports rather than forms of exercise .

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Question: Weight training strengthens bones , helping to prevent bone loss and osteoporosis .

Weight training also strengthens bones , helping to prevent bone loss and osteoporosis .

A 2003 study found that regular use of chopsticks by the elderly may slightly increase the risk of osteoarthritis in the hand , a condition in which cartilage is worn out , leading to pain and swelling in the hand joints .


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Question: Boiry-Becquerelle is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

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Boiry-Becquerelle is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: Birds find other ways to provide for each other , ie . the evolution of flight opened new possibilities , and an adaptive radiation occurred .

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Birds find other ways to provide for each other , i.e. the evolution of flight opened new avenues for evolution to explore , initiating an adaptive radiation .

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For example , the adaptation of horses ' teeth to the grinding of grass , or their ability to run fast and escape predators .


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E.g. 'ThiÃ ville is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .' == 'ThiÃ ville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .' != 'Saint-Beno Ã t-d ` HÃ bertot is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .'

Question: An example of a more modest innovation is the evolution of a fourth cusp in the mammalian tooth .

A classic example is the evolution of a fourth cusp is the mammalian tooth .

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This earlier vertical movement was later replaced by a horizontal shear .


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Question: Adaptive radiations often occur as a result of an organism entering an environment with unoccupied niches , such as a newly formed lake or isolated island chain .

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Adaptive radiations often occur as a result of an organism arising in an environment with unoccupied niches , such as a newly formed lake or isolated island chain .

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Neoendemism refers to a species that has recently arisen such as a species that has diverged and become reproductively isolated , or one that has formed following hybridization and is now classified as a separate species .


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Question: A classic example of this is the replacement of the non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous with mammals in the Palaeocene .

A classic example of this is the replacement of the non-avian dinosaurs with mammals at the end of the Cretaceous , and of brachiopods by bivalves at the Permo-Triassic boundary .

Titanoboa , , meaning `` titanic boa , '' is a genus of snake that lived approximately 60 to 58 million years ago , in the Paleocene epoch , a 10-million-year period immediately following the dinosaur extinction event .


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Question: There are different types of malware that can harm computers , such as viruses and spyware . Malware can be difficult to remove , even using programs designed to remove malware from computers .

As malware attacks become more frequent , attention has begun to shift from viruses and spyware protection , to malware protection , and programs have been developed to specifically combat them .

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A zombie computer ( often shortened as zombie ) is a computer connected to the Internet that has been compromised by a cracker , computer virus or trojan horse and can be used to perform malicious tasks of one sort or another under remote direction .


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Question: The Venerable Pope Pius XII ( Latin : Pius PP .

Pope Pius XII 's cause of canonization was opened on 18 November 1965 by Pope Paul VI . In March 2007 , the congregation recommended that Pius XII should be declared Venerable .

In Munich Walter was good friends with Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli ( later Pope Pius XII ) .


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Question: A miniature sheet or souvenir sheet is a small group of postage stamps still attached to the sheet on which they were printed .

A souvenir sheet or miniature sheet is a small group of postage stamps still attached to the sheet on which they were printed .

In philately , a block is a group of postage stamps still attached to each other .


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Question: They may be either regular issues that just happen to be printed in small groups , or special issues often commemorating some event , such as a national anniversary , philatelic exhibition , or government program .

They may be either regular issues that just happen to be printed in small groups ( typical of many early stamps ) , or special issues often commemorating some event , such as a national anniversary , philatelic exhibition , or government program .

It usually serves a purpose such as a charitable gathering , a ceremony , or a celebration , and is often preceded or followed by speeches in honor of someone .


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Question: Demonology is the study of demons or beliefs about demons .

Demonology is the systematic study of demons or beliefs about demons .

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A wide variety of ominous or hellish supernatural dogs occur in mythologies around the world , similar to the ubiquitous dragon .


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Question: It is the branch of theology relating to superhuman beings or spirits who are not gods .

It is the branch of theology relating to superhuman beings who are not gods .

In the 5th century BCE , the word began to indicate more deliberate and active godlessness in the sense of `` severing relations with the gods '' or `` denying the gods '' .


Question: Between 1928 and 1958 Dobson established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations .

Between 1928 and 1958 Dobson established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations , which continue to operate to this day .

Since late 1990 there is an ongoing project to aggregate some municipalities .


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Question: Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson , who developed a simple spectrophotometer , the Dobsonmeter . This tool could be used to measure the ozone levels found in the stratosphere from the ground .

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Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson , who developed a simple spectrophotometer ( the Dobsonmeter ) that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground .

It is not possible to state that a certain gas causes an exact percentage of the greenhouse effect . This is because some of the gases absorb and emit radiation at the same frequencies as others , so that the total greenhouse effect is not simply the sum of the influence of each gas .


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Question: The ozone layer is a layer of ozone high up in the Earth 's atmosphere ( stratosphere ) .

The ozone layer is a layer in Earth 's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone ( O3 ) .

Plinian eruptions are marked by columns of gas and volcanic ash extending high into the stratosphere , a high layer of the atmosphere .


Question: represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning For example, 'The Aleutian Islands ( É Ë luË Ê É n ; possibly from Chukchi aliat , `` island '' ) are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands . They are in the Northern Pacific Ocean .' should have a representation like 'The Aleutian Islands ( É Ë luË Ê É n ; possibly from Chukchi aliat , `` island '' ) are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands , forming part of the Aleutian Arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean , occupying an area of 6,821 sq mi ( 17,666 kmÂ ) and extending about 1200 m westward from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula thus marking a line between the Bering Sea and the Pacific Gulf of Alaska .' but very far from 'Southwest Alaska encompasses , roughly from west to east : the Pribilof Islands , Nunivak Island and other Bering Sea islands lying west of the Alaska coast and east of the Russian coast ; the immense combined delta of the Yukon River and Kuskokwim River ; hundreds of miles of interior highlands , including the lower and middle Kuskokwim drainages ; the entire watersheds of Goodnews Bay and Bristol Bay and other parts of the southern coast , including mountain ranges and great interior lakes including the Wood-Tikchik Lakes , Lake Iliamna , and Lake Clark ; the western heights of the Alaska Range , and its continuation southward as the Aleutian Range along the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands .'.

Question: The `` Dobson unit '' , a convenient measure of the total amount of ozone in a column overhead , is named in his honor .

The `` Dobson unit '' , a convenient measure of the columnar density of ozone overhead , is named in his honor .

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Mapping out the strength and direction of the magnetic field is simple in principle . First , the strength and direction of the magnetic field is measured at a large number of locations .


Question: represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words! E.g. The hurricane weakened on the 20th , after causing $ 12.5 million ( 1963 dollars ) in damage . == The hurricane dissipated on September 20 , after causing $ 12.5 million ( 1963 USD , $ USD ) in damage and three deaths . != In total , Camille killed 259 people and caused $ 1.42 billion ( 1969 USD , $ USD ) in damages .

Question: It was found in 1908 by Philibert Jacques Melotte and was named after PasiphaÃ `` from Greek mythology , the wife of Minos and mother of Minotaur .

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It was discovered in 1908 by Philibert Jacques Melotte and later named after the mythological PasiphaÃ `` , wife of Minos and mother of the Minotaur from Greek legend .

It was said to have been named after the Greek town of Aegae , or after Aegea , a queen of the Amazons who died in the sea , or Aigaion , the `` sea goat '' , another name of Briareus , one of the archaic Hecatonchires , or , especially among the Athenians , Aegeus , the father of Theseus , who drowned himself in the sea when he thought his son had died .


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Question: Mitsutoshi Watada ( born 26 March 1976 ) is a former Japanese football player .

Mitsutoshi Watada ( born March 26 , 1976 ) is a former Japanese football player .

Shu Kamo ( å è å ` Kamo Shu , born 29 October 1939 ) is a retired Japanese football player and currently a football manager .


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Question: No one is supposed to be granted access to classified information only because of rank , position , or a security clearance .

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No one is supposed to be granted access to classified information solely because of rank , position , or a security clearance .

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However , he also warned that `` It 's always inappropriate to try to win an argument by flashing your credentials , and even more so if those credentials are inaccurate . ''


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Question: A security clearance is a status granted ( approved ) to individuals allowing them access to classified information , e.g. state secrets .

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A security clearance is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to classified information , i.e. , state secrets , or to restricted areas after completion of a thorough background check .

It is responsible for collecting , analyzing , reporting and disseminating intelligence on threats to Canada 's national security , and conducting operations , covert and overt , within Canada and abroad .


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Question: The term `` security clearance '' is also sometimes used in private organizations that have a formal process of selecting employees to access `` sensitive information '' .

The term `` security clearance '' is also sometimes used in private organizations that have a formal process to vet employees for access to sensitive information .

Workers in `` non-departmental public bodies '' ( sometimes called `` QUANGOs '' ) may also be classed as civil servants for the purpose of statistics and possibly for their terms and conditions .


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Question: A clearance by itself is normally not sufficient to gain access ; the organization must determine that the cleared person `` needs to know '' the information .

A clearance by itself is normally not sufficient to gain access ; the organization must determine that the cleared individual needs to know the information .

Classification formalises what constitutes a `` state secret '' and accords different levels of protection based on the expected damage the information might cause in the wrong hands .


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Question: 1994 ( MCMXCIV ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar .

1994 ( MCMXCIV ) was a common year that started on a Saturday .

Year 1 ( I ) was a common year starting on Saturday or Sunday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar ( the sources differ , see leap year error for further information ) and a common year starting on Saturday of the Proleptic Julian calendar .


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Danaus is a genus of butterflies .

Danaus , commonly called Tigers , Milkweeds , Monarchs , and Queens , is a genus of butterflies in the tiger butterfly tribe .

The Mexican Fritillary ( Euptoieta hegesia ) is a North and South American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae .


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Question: There are organic peroxides .

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Alkali metal peroxides can be used for the synthesis of organic peroxides .

They may be amorphous or even insoluble in water .


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Question: Hydrogen peroxide is the most common peroxide . Barium peroxide is another peroxide .

A peroxide is a compound containing an oxygen-oxygen single bond or the peroxide anion ( ( Oâ ' O ) 2 â `` ) .

It is useful for preparing perchlorate salts , especially ammonium perchlorate , an important rocket fuel .


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Question: Hydrogen peroxide is the most common peroxide .

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Few reactions are generally formulated for peroxide salt . In excess of dilute acids or water they release hydrogen peroxide .

Sodium bromide is the most useful inorganic bromide in industry .


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Question: These are chemical compounds where peroxide is attached to an organic molecule .

Peroxide compounds can be roughly classified into organic and inorganic .

Lactic acid is a carboxylic acid , whose chemical formula C3H6O3 has its hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group , making it an alpha hydroxy acid ( AHA ) .


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Question: Bressaucourt is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .

Bressaucourt is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .

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Examples:

"The failure rate of a system usually depends on time , with the rate varying over the life cycle of the system ." == "Failure rate is usually time dependent , and an intuitive corollary is that the rate changes over time versus the expected life cycle of a system ."

Montmelon is a village and former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .


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Question: Abercorn F.C. is a former football club which has played in Scotland .

Abercorn Football Club was a football club based in Paisley , Scotland , which played in the Scottish Football League from 1890 until 1915 .

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Partick Thistle Football Club are a professional association football club from Glasgow .


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Question: Anthony Rolfe Johnson , CBE ( born 5 November 1940 ; died 21 July 2010 ) was an English operatic tenor .

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Anthony Rolfe Johnson , CBE ( 5 November 1940-21 July 2010 ) was an English operatic tenor .

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Sir Edward Thomas `` Ted '' Downes , CBE ( 17 June 1924 -- 10 July 2009 ) was an English conductor , specialising in opera .


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Question: He started his singing career by singing in operas in the chorus and in small roles at the Glyndebourne Festival between 1972 and 1976 .

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He first appeared in opera in the chorus and in small roles at the Glyndebourne Festival between 1972 and 1976 .

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Harnoncourt was a cellist with the Vienna Symphony from 1952 to 1969 .


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Question: Anthony Rolfe Johnson was born in Tackley in Oxfordshire .

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Born in Tackley in Oxfordshire , Rolfe Johnson studied with Ellis Keeler and Vera Rosza at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama .

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Clayton is the elder child of Brian and Jo Clayton , born on 13 March 1960 in Chinnor , Oxfordshire , England .


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Question: He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1992 .

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He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1992 Queen 's Birthday Honours .

Hurwicz was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1965 .


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Question: He sang in opera houses all over the world , including including the English National Opera , Royal Opera House , La Monnaie in Brussels , La Scala , Milan , the Metropolitan Opera , New York , the Vienna State Opera , and the Paris Opera .

He performed at the world 's major opera houses , including the English National Opera , Royal Opera House , Covent Garden , La Monnaie in Brussels , La Scala , Milan , the Metropolitan Opera , New York , the Vienna State Opera , and the Paris Opera .

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Franz Welser-M Ã st ( born 16 August 1960 ) is an Austrian conductor who is currently the music director for the Cleveland Orchestra and the Vienna State Opera .


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Question: His first big operatic part was VaudÃ mont in Tchaikovskyâ s Iolanthe in 1973 with the English Opera Group .

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His major operatic debut was in Iolanthe in 1973 with the English Opera Group .

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Gluck 's masterly IphigÃ nie en Tauride was first produced on May 18 , 1779 .


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Question: Recent examples of this include John Doe , Invasion , Two Guys and a Girl , Instant Star , Las Vegas and Everybody Hates Chris .

Recent examples of this include John Doe , Invasion , Two Guys and a Girl , Instant Star , Las Vegas , Everybody Hates Chris , The New Adventures of Old Christine , and Heroes .

She starred with John Hannah and William Fichtner in 2002 's MDs , and has made guest appearances in numerous television series , including L.A. Law , Judging Amy , The West Wing , 7th Heaven , Friends , Dawson 's Creek ( as Pacey 's mother ) , Felicity , Arrested Development , the cult hit Lovespring International , Two and a Half Men , Weeds , Boston Legal , The L Word , Criminal Minds , Help Me Help You , Gilmore Girls , The New Adventures of Old Christine , Psych , Monk and Party Down among others .


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Question: The 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron ( 427SOAS ) ( french :427 e Escadron d'op Ã rations spÃ ciales d'aviation ) is a helicopter squadron of Canada responsible to provide support to the Joint Task Force 2 Â and the Canadian Special Operations Regiment .

427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron ( 427 SOAS ) is a tactical helicopter unit that provides aviation support to Canadian Special Operations Forces Command .

The Canadian Forces Land Force Command ( LFC ) , often called the Canadian Army , is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces .


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Question: It operates the CH-146 Griffon .

The squadron is based at CFB Petawawa , Ontario with a fleet of Bell CH-146 Griffon helicopters .

It was replaced for the 2006 season with Kirk .


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Question: Bogdan Stelea ( born 5 December 1967 ) is a former Romanian football player .

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Bogdan Gheorghe Stelea ( born 5 December 1967 in Bucharest ) is a retired Romanian footballer , who played as a goalkeeper .

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Adrian Bucurel Ilie ( born April 20 , 1974 in Craiova ) is a retired Romanian international footballer .


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Question: John Aloisi ( born 5 February 1976 ) is an Australian football player .

John Aloisi ( born 5 February 1976 ) is a retired Australian association football player , who played as a striker in a career that spanned twenty seasons .

Craig James Brewster ( born 13 December 1966 ) is a Scottish football player and coach .


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Question: After thirty years of this work , he was ordered by Valentinian to the imperial court to teach Gratian , the heir-apparent .

After thirty years of this work , he was summoned by Valentinian to the imperial court to teach Gratian , the heir-apparent .

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From this post he was called , at the end of twenty years , to the chair of moral theology in Madrid , where he died .


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E.g. "In milk substitutes many of the ingredients of milk are replaced : A milk substitute may contain fat and proteins obtained from plants ." == "Some milk substitutes are more healthy than milk , by being lower in cholesterol and\/or saturated fat ." != "Discussions concerning the nutritional value of margarines and spreads revolve around two aspects â '' the total amount of fat , and the types of fat ( saturated fat , trans fat ) ."

Question: Having completed his studies , he trained for some time as a lawyer , but he preferred teaching .

Having completed his studies , he trained for some time as an advocate , but he preferred teaching .

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Vernon , the son of a publican , was raised in Norwich , England initially training to become a civil engineer .


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Question: Ausonius had a strict upbringing by his aunt and grandmother and received an excellent education , especially in grammar and rhetoric , but said his Greek was not good .

Ausonius was given a strict upbringing by his aunt and grandmother , both named Aemilia . He received an excellent education , especially in grammar and rhetoric , but professed that his progress in Greek was unsatisfactory .

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Henry was given a first-rate education from leading tutors , becoming fluent in Latin , French , and Spanish .


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Question: TorcÃ - Viviers-en-Charnie is a commune of 737 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

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TorcÃ - Viviers-en-Charnie is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .

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Saint-L Ã ger is a commune in the Mayenne department and Pays de la Loire region of France .


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Question: Mikhail Nikolaevitch Baryshnikov ( born 27 January 1948 ) is a Russian dancer , choreographer , and actor . He has been called the world 's greatest living male ballet dancer .

Mikhail Nikolaevich Baryshnikov ( born January 27 , 1948 ) is a Soviet-born Russian American dancer , choreographer , and actor , often cited alongside Vaslav Nijinsky and Rudolf Nureyev as one of the greatest ballet dancers of the 20th century .

Galina Pavlovna Vishnevskaya ( born 25 October 1926 ) is a Russian soprano opera singer and recitalist who was named a People 's Artist of the USSR in 1966 .


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E.g.
'At this time , his older siblings were great students , so his teacher 's wanted him to do well .' == 'Meanwhile , his older siblings were model students , raising the teacher 's expectations for him .' != 'He does n't know if he was a slow learner , or just not interested , but he did not do well in school until the seventh grade .'

Question: For the country , see Republic of Cyprus .

Governing bodies of sports in Cyprus include the Cyprus Football Association , Cyprus Basketball Federation , Cyprus Volleyball Federation , Cyprus Automobile Association , Cyprus Badminton Federation , Cyprus Cricket Association and the Cyprus Rugby Federation .

Lebanon , Israel , Germany , Switzerland , Austria , France , Croatia , Slovenia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Republic of Macedonia , Serbia , Italy , Czech Republic , Poland , Albania , Romania , Bulgaria , Hungary , Turkey , Greece , Cyprus , Afghanistan , Russia , Ukraine , Armenia , Georgia , Azerbaijan , Kazakhstan , Turkmenistan , Tajikistan , Uzbekistan , Kyrgyzstan , Iraq , Syria , Jordan , Yemen , Egypt , Pakistan , China .


Question: Doves newest album is The Places Between : The Best of Doves and was released on April 5 , 2010 .

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The band 's first career-spanning best-of compilation , entitled The Places Between : The Best of Doves was released on 5 April 2010 .

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E.g. East Asia or Eastern Asia ( the latter form preferred by the United Nations ) is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms . Geographically and geo-politically , it covers about 12000000 k , or about 28 percent of the Asian continent , about 15 percent bigger than the area of Europe . == East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that covers about 6,640,000 kmÂ , or 15 % of the Asian continent .

Live Session EP is an EP released by Panic ! at the Disco on June 13 , 2006 .


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For example, 'The 4Cor type units survived long enough in British Rail ownership to be allocated TOPS Class 404 .' should have a representation like 'The 4-COR type units survived long enough in British Rail ownership to be allocated TOPS Class 404 .' but very far from 'These were later supplemented by a number of cars of 1972 Mark I Tube Stock converted to be compatible with the 1967 stock .'.

Question: Hertz ( symbol Hz ) is the unit of frequency .

In SI units , the unit of frequency is the hertz ( Hz ) , named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz : 1 Hz means that an event repeats once per second .

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The second ( SI symbol : s ) , sometimes abbreviated sec . , is a unit of time , and is the International System of Units ( SI ) base unit of time .


Question: represent this E.g. "Formentin is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France ." == "Formentin is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ." != "Trois-Monts ( French for three-mountains ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."

Question: Examples of electromagnetic waves are ; light waves , radio waves , infrared radiation , microwaves , and gamma waves .

All of these waves , from the lowest-frequency radio waves to the highest-frequency gamma rays , are fundamentally the same , and they are all called electromagnetic radiation .

In the photoelectric effect , electrons are emitted from matter ( metals and non-metallic solids , liquids or gases ) as a consequence of their absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength , such as visible or ultraviolet light .


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Question: All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum but they travel at slower speeds when they travel through a medium that is not a vacuum .

They all travel through a vacuum at the speed of light .

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The fiber consists of a core surrounded by a cladding layer , both of which are made of dielectric materials . To confine the optical signal in the core , the refractive index of the core must be greater than that of the cladding .


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Question: He is mentioned in the Palermo Stone inscriptions among a small number of kings of Lower Egypt

He is mentioned in the Palermo Stone inscriptions among a list of a small number of kings of Lower Egypt .

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She reiterated Amun 's support by having these proclamations by the god Amun carved on her monuments :


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Question: A functionary is someone who carries out a particular role within an organization ; this is quite a close synonym for official , as a noun , but with connotations closer to bureaucrat .

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A functionary is someone who carries out a particular role within an organization ; this again is quite a close synonym for official , as a noun , but with connotations closer to bureaucrat .

Membership in a clique is typically exclusive , and qualifications for membership may be social or essential to the nature of the clique . The word clique may be used pejoratively .


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Question: Sioux Rapids is a city of Iowa in the United States .

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For instance, <<The population was 1,603 at the 2000 census .>>  to <<The population is 1,603 people as of 2000 .>>

Sioux Rapids is a city in Buena Vista County , Iowa , United States .

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Magnolia is a city in Harrison County , Iowa in the United States of America .


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Question: Yuki Okada ( born 4 October 1983 ) is a Japanese football player .

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Yuki Okada is a Japanese football player .

Kim Wi-Man ( born June 23 , 1979 ) is a former North Korean football player .


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Question: Bilten is a municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland .

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Bilten is a former municipality in the canton of Glarus in Switzerland .

Matt is a former municipality in the canton of Glarus in Switzerland .


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Question: Busch races in the Sprint cup , Nationwide Series , and in the Camping World Truck Series .

This was achieved at Bristol with a win for the Camping World Truck Series , Nationwide Series , and the Sprint Cup Series .

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When Bayne was 15 years old , he moved to the USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series Southern Division , in which he received the highest rookie honors .


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Question: The vampire squid can grow to about 30 cm ( 1 foot ) in total length .

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The Vampire Squid reaches a maximum total length of around 30 cm ( 1 ft ) .

Most are relatively small , typically less than 10 cm ( 4 in ) in length .


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Question: It has special filaments it can retract ; because of this , it has been placed in its own order : Vampyromorphida ( formerly Vampyromorpha ) . It has similarities with both squid and octopi .

Unique retractile sensory filaments justify the Vampire Squid 's placement in its own order : Vampyromorphida ( formerly Vampyromorpha ) , which shares similarities with both squid and octopuses .

Entoprocta , whose name means `` anus inside '' , is a phylum of mostly sessile aquatic animals , ranging from 0.1 t long .


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Question: Like other deep-sea cephalopods , Vampire Squid have no ink sacs .

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Like many deep-sea cephalopods , Vampire Squid lack ink sacs .

In one large group of sea slugs , the gills are arranged as a rosette of feathery plumes on their backs , which gives rise to their other name , nudibranchs .


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Question: The Vampire Squid is an extreme example of a deep-sea cephalopod . People think it lives at aphotic ( lightless ) depths from 600-900 metres ( 2,000-3 ,000 feet ) or more .

The Vampire Squid is an extreme example of a deep-sea cephalopod , thought to reside at aphotic ( lightless ) depths from 600-900 metres ( 2,000-3 ,000 feet ) or more .

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It weighs an estimated 23 tons , has a waistline of 33 feet ( 10m ) , and is about 800 â `` 1000 years old .


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Question: Their blue blood 's hemocyanin binds and transports oxygen most efficiently , aided by gills with especially large surface area .

Their blue blood 's hemocyanin binds and transports oxygen more efficiently than in other cephalopods ( Seibel et al . 1999 ) , aided by gills with especially large surface area .

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Furthermore , the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely .


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Examples:
'Bobby Robson was given several honors for his contributions to football .' == 'Bobby Robson was awarded a number of honors for his contributions to football .' != 'He is regarded as one of the greatest forwards of all time and has scored 277 goals in a high-profile career cut short by injury .'

Question: `` vampire squid from hell '' ) is a small , deep-sea cephalopod . It can be found throughout the temperate and tropical oceans of the world .

`` vampire squid from ` Hell ' '' ) is a small , deep-sea cephalopod found throughout the temperate and tropical oceans of the world .

The superfamily Chelonioidea has a world-wide distribution ; sea turtles can be found in all oceans except for the polar regions . Some species travel between oceans .


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Question: Appearing as small white discs , the photophores are larger and more complex at the tips of the arms and at the base of the two fins . They are absent from the underside of the caped arms .

Appearing as small white discs , the photophores are larger and more complex at the tips of the arms and at the base of the two fins , but are absent from the underside of the caped arms .

A webbing of skin connects its eight arms , each lined with rows of fleshy spines or cirri ; the inside of this `` cloak '' is black .


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Question: In order to cope with life in the suffocating depths , vampire squid have developed several radical adaptations .

To cope with life in the suffocating depths , vampire squid have developed several radical adaptations .

While this means the animal is not capable of changing its skin color in the dramatic fashion of shallow-dwelling cephalopods , such trickery is not needed at the lightless depths where it lives .


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Question: Hatchlings are about 8 mm in length and are well-developed miniatures of the adults , with some differences .

Hatchlings are c. 8 mm in length and are well-developed miniatures of the adults , with some differences .

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Gravid females attach the fertilized eggs to rocks in shallow waters , whereupon the eggs take eight to twelve months to develop until the 30 m juveniles hatch .


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Question: It is the only surviving member of its order . It was first described and mistakenly identified as an octopus in 1903 by German teuthologist Carl Chun .

As a phylogenetic relict it is the only known surviving member of its order , first described and originally classified as an octopus in 1903 by German teuthologist Carl Chun , but later assigned to a new order together with several extinct taxa .

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The name Leedsichthys means `` Leeds ' fish '' , after the fossil collector Alfred Nicholson Leeds , who discovered it before 1886 near Peterborough , England .


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Question: A webbing of skin connects its eight arms , each lined with rows of fleshy spines or cirri . The inside of this `` cloak '' is black .

A webbing of skin connects its eight arms , each lined with rows of fleshy spines or cirri ; the inside of this `` cloak '' is black .

Appearing as small white discs , the photophores are larger and more complex at the tips of the arms and at the base of the two fins , but are absent from the underside of the caped arms .


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Question: Nonetheless , the Vampire Squid is able to live and breathe normally in the OMZ at oxygen saturations as low as 3 % ; something no other cephalopodâ '' and few other animalsâ '' can claim .

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Nonetheless , the Vampire Squid is able to live and breathe normally in the OMZ at oxygen saturations as low as 3 % ; a feat no other cephalopod , and few other animals , can claim .

However they seem to be relatively slow `` thinkers '' , which is not surprising , as their brains are vastly smaller than those of mammalian predators .


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Question: Within the webbing are two pouches . These pouches hide the tactile velar filaments .

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Within the webbing are two pouches wherein the tactile velar filaments are concealed .

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It uses a stock at the crown to which two large flat triangular flukes are attached .


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The query could be 'Completing his undergraduate work at the University of Burgundy , Guillemin received his M.D. degree from the Medical Faculty at Lyon in 1949 , and went to MontrÃ al , QuÃ bec , Canada to work with Hans Selye at the Institute of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the UniversitÃ de MontrÃ al where he received a Ph. D. in 1953 .' and should be close to 'Completing his undergraduate work at the University of Burgundy , Guillemin received his M.D. degree from the Medical Faculty at Lyon in 1949 , and went to Montreal , Quebec , Canada , to work with Hans Selye at the Institute of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the UniversitÃ de MontrÃ alwhere he received a Ph. D. in 1953 .' but very far from 'He received his B.A. ( 1954 ) and M.A. ( 1958 ) degrees from the University of California , Berkeley , and his Ph. D. ( 1966 ) from University of California , Los Angeles .'

Question: The female may store a male 's hydraulically implanted spermatophore ( a sort of tapered , cylindrical satchel of sperm ) for long periods before she is ready to fertilize her eggs .

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The female may store a male 's hydraulically implanted spermatophore ( a tapered , cylindrical satchel of sperm ) for long periods before she is ready to fertilize her eggs .

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In other words , a single fertilized egg cell -- the zygote -- changes into the many cell types including neurons , muscle cells , epithelium , blood vessels etc. as it continues to divide .


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Question: At the shallower end of the Vampire Squid 's vertical range , the view from below is like the sky at twilight : The highly sensitive eyes of deepwater dwellers are able to distinguish the silhouettes of other animals moving overhead .

At the shallower end of the Vampire Squid 's vertical range , the view from below is like the sky at twilight : The highly sensitive eyes of deepwater denizens are able to distinguish the silhouettes of other animals moving overhead .

Apart from some tentative evidence suggesting that a few animals foundered around on land , most of the continents resembled deserts spanning from horizon to horizon .


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Question: The filaments are analogous to a true squid 's tentacles , extending well past the arms , however , they are a different arm pair than the squid 's tentacles .

The filaments are analogous to a true squid 's tentacles , extending well past the arms ; however , they are a different arm pair than the squid 's tentacles .


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Question: Their powerful beak-like jaws are as white as ivory .

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Unlike its land dwelling cousins , its legs are not disproportionately large compared to its forelimbs which are strong and end in hooked claws for grasping tree limbs , and it has a long tail for balance .


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Question: The Vampire Squid is covered entirely in light-producing organs called photophores .

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The Vampire Squid is almost entirely covered in light-producing organs called photophores .

These tentacles are arranged into two circles and , unlike the tentacles of other cephalopods , they have no suckers , are undifferentiated and retractable .


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Question: Little else is known regarding their feeding habits .

Little else is known regarding their feeding habits , but considering their environment , they are likely to be opportunists .

All three species are fairly similar in size , coloration , and life cycle .


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Question: The intensity and size of the photophores can also be varied .

The intensity and size of the photophores can also be modulated .

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Visual stimuli are frequently considered elegant if a small number of colors and stimuli are used , emphasizing the remainder .


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Question: Whereas the young propel themselves primarily by jet propulsion , mature adults find flapping their fins to be the most efficient means .

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Whereas the young propel themselves primarily by jet propulsion , mature adults find flapping their fins to be the most efficient means ( Seibel et al . 1998 ) .

Although animals have never evolved wheels for locomotion ( see Rotation in living systems ) , a small number of animals will move at times by rolling their whole body .


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Question: The supposed vampyromorphids from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian ( 156-146 mya ) of Solnhofen , Plesioteuthis prisca , Leptoteuthis gigas , and Trachyteutis hastiformis , can not be clearly assigned to this group ; they are large species ( from 35 cm in P. prisca to ) 1 meter in L. gigas ) and show features not found in vampyromorphids , being somewhat similar to the true squids , Teuthida ( Fischer & Riou 2002 ) .

The supposed vampyromorphids from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian ( 156-146 mya ) of Solnhofen , Plesioteuthis prisca , Leptoteuthis gigas , and Trachyteuthis hastiformis , can not be positively assigned to this group ; they are large species ( from 35 cm in P. prisca to ) 1 meter in L. gigas ) and show features not found in vampyromorphids , being somewhat similar to the true squids , Teuthida ( Fischer & Riou 2002 ) .

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QM specimens F20688 ( carpometacarpus ) and F24685 ( tibiotarsus ) from Murgon , Queensland are fossil bone fragments clearly recognizable as passeriform ; they represent two species of approximately 10 and 20 cm in overall length and prove that some 55 mya , barely into the Early Eocene , early perching birds were recognizably distinct .


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Question: Given their low metabolic rate and the low density of prey at such depths , Vampire Squid must use innovative predator avoidance tactics in order to save energy .

Given their low metabolic rate and the low density of prey at such depths , Vampire Squid must use innovative predator avoidance tactics to conserve energy .

The diet of other species , like the Black-browed Albatross or the Grey-headed Albatross , is rich with smaller species of squid that tend to sink after death , and scavenging is not assumed to play a large role in their diet .


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Question: Its limpid , globular eyesâ '' which appear red or blue , also depending on lightingâ '' are proportionately the largest in the animal kingdom at 2.5 cm ( 1 inch ) in diameter .

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"They have several common names including ginger ants and tropical fire ants ." == "They are also called ginger ants and tropical fire ants ."

Its limpid , globular eyes , which appear red or blue , depending on lighting , are proportionately the largest in the animal kingdom at 2.5 cm ( 1 inch ) in diameter .

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Remains of Aepyornis adults and eggs have been found ; in some cases the eggs have a circumference of over 1 m and a length up to 34 c. The egg volume is about 160 times greater than a chicken egg .


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Question: They serve as the adult 's primary means of propulsion ( moving around ) : Vampire Squid are said to `` fly '' through the water by way of flapping their fins .

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These fins serve as the adult 's primary means of propulsion : vampire squid `` fly '' through the water by flapping their fins .

Their aforementioned bioluminescent `` fireworks '' are combined with the writhing of glowing arms , erratic movements and escape trajectories , making it difficult for a predator to home in .


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Question: The animal has great control over the organs . It is capable of producing disorienting flashes of light for fractions of a second to several minutes in duration .

The animal has great control over the organs , capable of producing disorienting flashes of light for fractions of a second to several minutes in duration .

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A total solar eclipse can be frightening to people who are unaware of their astronomical explanation , as the Sun seems to disappear during the day and the sky darkens in a matter of minutes .


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Question: While this means the animal is not capable of changing its skin color in the dramatic fashion of shallow-dwelling cephalopods , such trickery is not needed at the pitch black depths in which it lives .

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While this means the animal is not capable of changing its skin color in the dramatic fashion of shallow-dwelling cephalopods , such trickery is not needed at the lightless depths where it lives .

This enables them to survive in cooler waters and to inhabit a wider range of ocean environments than other types of fish .


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Question: As the animals grow and their surface area to volume ratio drops , the fins are resized and repositioned in order to maximize gait efficiency .

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As the animals grow and their surface area to volume ratio drops , the fins are resized and repositioned to maximize gait efficiency .

The feathers not directly employed in the biplane wing structure , like those on the tibia and the tail , could have been used to control drag and alter the flight path , trajectory , etc. .