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Question: Excretion is one of the most basic functions of life . It is the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials .

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Excretion is the process by which waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an organism .

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The more metabolically active the cells , the more capillaries they will require to supply nutrients and carry away waste products .


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Question: Aquatic animals usually excrete ammonia directly into the water , as this compound is soluble and there is ample water available for dilution .

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Aquatic animals usually excrete ammonia directly into the external environment , as this compound has high solubility and there is ample water available for dilution .

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Due to magnesium ion 's high solubility in water , it is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater .


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Question: In terrestrial animals ammonia-like compounds are converted into other nitrogenous materials as there is less water in the environment , and ammonia itself is toxic .

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In terrestrial animals ammonia-like compounds are converted into other nitrogenous materials as there is less water in the environment and ammonia itself is toxic .

Plasmids also can provide bacteria with an ability to fix elemental nitrogen or to degrade recalcitrant organic compounds which provide an advantage when nutrients are scarce .


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Question: Higher plants eliminate gases through the stomata on the surface of leaves .

Higher plants eliminate gases through the stomata , or pores , on the surface of leaves .

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In many trees , the arrangement of the branches optimizes exposure of the leaves to sunlight .


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Question: Reptiles and birds excrete their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a white paste .

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Birds excrete their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a paste .

Lead ( II ) sulfide is non-toxic , unless the lead and sulfur are heated to decomposition and toxic compounds of lead and sulfur oxides are produced ( such as in roasting lead ore ) . Lead sulfide is insoluble and a stable compound in the pH of blood and so it is the least toxic form of lead .


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Question: Howard Dwaine Dorough ( born August 22 , 1973 ) , also known as Howie D , is an American singer . He was a member of the boy band Backstreet Boys .

Howard Dwaine `` Howie '' Dorough ( born August 22 , 1973 ) is an American musician and the oldest member of the Backstreet Boys since Kevin Richardson left in 2006 .

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Scott William Raynor , Jr. ( born May 23 , 1978 ) is an American drummer best known for being a founding member of the band Blink-182 .


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'deb file + its dependencies that can be installed offline ) in Super OS .' == 'deb file + its dependencies that can be installed offline , created by SuperDeb Creator ) in Super OS .' != 'When excess language\/translation files and documentation are removed and X is not needed , decent console-based router systems can be made using 300 MB disk space .'

Question: Vence is a commune . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France .

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Vence is a commune set in the hills of the Alpes Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southeastern France between Nice and Antibes .

Colomars ( Nissart : Couloumas ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southeastern France .


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Question: The year 1703 ( MDCCIII ) started on a Monday , ( or a Thursday by the 11-day slower Julian calendar ) .

Year 1703 ( MDCCIII ) was a common year starting on Monday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar .

Year 2 ( II ) was a common year starting on Sunday or Monday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar ( the sources differ , see leap year error for further information ) and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar .


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Question: ValdemÄ rpils is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917 .

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ValdemÄ rpils is a town in northwestern Latvia , near Talsi .

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Ogre ( population 26,573 in 2000 census ) is the principal town of Ogre District in Central Latvia , 36 km east of the capital Riga , situated at the confluence of the Daugava and Ogre rivers . It has been a town since 1928 .


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Question: Saint-Louis-de-Montferrand is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

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Saint-Louis-de-Montferrand is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .

Bayon-sur-Gironde ( Baion in Occitan ) is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .


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Question: He won the 2007 American League Rookie of the Year award .

Pedroia has won several awards in Major League Baseball , including the 2007 American League Rookie of the Year and the 2008 AL MVP award .

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Boldin was the 2003 NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year and has been selected to three Pro Bowls .


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Question: Dustin Luis Pedroia ( born August 17 , 1983 in Woodland , California ) is a Major League Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox .

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Dustin Luis Pedroia ( born August 17 , 1983 , in Woodland , California ) is an American professional baseball second baseman with the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball .

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Joseph Patrick Mauer ( born April 19 , 1983 ) is a Major League Baseball catcher for the Minnesota Twins .


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Question: Towards the end of the 15th century a style of polyphonic sacred music had been developed that can be heard in the masses of Johannes Ockeghem and Jacob Obrecht .

Towards the end of the 15th century , polyphonic sacred music ( as exemplified in the masses of Johannes Ockeghem and Jacob Obrecht ) had once again become more complex , in a manner that can perhaps be seen as correlating to the stunning detail in the painting at the time .

Whether or not he wrote the first mass based on L'homme armÃ , his was by far the most influential ; Obrecht 's mass , for example , closely parallels the setting by Busnois and even the mass by Dufay quotes from it directly .


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Question: Ricardo Higa ( born 4 May 1973 ) is a former Brazilian-Japanese football player .

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Ricardo Higa ( born 4 May 1973 ) is a former Brazilian-Japanese footballer .

Alcindo Sartori ( born 21 October 1967 ) is a retired Brazilian football player .


Question: In 1899 , the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement for Sudan set the border between the territories at the 22nd parallel . At that time , the United Kingdom ruled the area .

In 1899 , when the United Kingdom held hegemony in the area , the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement for Sudan set the border between the territories at the 22nd parallel .

It is sometimes referred to as the Bir Tawil Triangle , despite the area 's quadrilateral shape , with the longer side in the north of the area running along the 22 Â north circle of latitude . It is the only area where the administrative boundary of 1902 between the two countries runs south of the political boundary of 1899 , which had been defined as the 22 Â north circle of latitude .


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Question: At the same time , the Hala ` ib Triangle north of latitude 22 Â north , and northeast of the area , came under Sudanese administration . This was because the tribes of this area were based in Sudan .

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At the same time , the Hala ` ib Triangle north of latitude 22 Â north , and northeast of the area , came under Sudanese administration , because the tribes of this area were based in Sudan .

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Reductions in its extent began in 1753 , when the northern part of it became Rowan County .


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Question: As a result , both states claim the Hala ` ib Triangle . Neither state claims the much less valuable Bir Tawil area , which is only a tenth the size and is landlocked .

As a result , both states claim the Hala ` ib Triangle and neither claims the much less valuable Bir Tawil area , which is only a tenth the size and is landlocked .

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This keeps Russia which is north and west of the Bering Sea and the United States ' Alaska which is east and south of the Bering Sea , on opposite sides of the line in agreement with the date in the rest of those countries .


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Question: In the east is Jabal á ajar az ZarqÄ ' . It has a height of 662 meters .

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In the east is Jabal á ajar az ZarqÄ ' , with a height of 662 meters .

It is located in the Cul-de-Sac Depression with an area of 170 kmÂ .


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Question: The area was ruled by the British Governor in Khartoum .

The area thus became the responsibility of the British Governor in Khartoum .

Abdullah Khan settled in the Village of Phallah along with some servants from different caste .


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Question: Egypt claims the original border from 1899 , the 22 Â north circle of latitude . This would place the Hala ` ib Triangle within Egypt and the Bir Tawil area within Sudan .

Egypt claims the original border from 1899 , the 22 Â north circle of latitude , which would place the Hala ` ib Triangle within Egypt and the Bir Tawil area within Sudan .

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The negotiations led to the inclusion into the Palestine territory of the whole Sea of Galilee , both sides of the Jordan river , Lake Hula , Dan spring , and part of the Yarmouk . The final border followed a 10-meter wide strip along the lake 's northeastern shore , cutting Syria from the lake .


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Question: Their political boundary was set in 1899 . It was set as the 22 Â north circle of latitude .

It is the only area where the administrative boundary of 1902 between the two countries runs south of the political boundary of 1899 , which had been defined as the 22 Â north circle of latitude .


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Question: In the north of the area is the mountain Jabal Tawil ( Ø Ø Ù Ø Ù Ù Ù in Arabic , located at ) . It has a height of 459 meters .

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In the north of the area is the mountain Jabal Tawil ( Ø Ø Ù Ø Ù Ù Ù in Arabic , located at ) , with a height of 459 meters .

Ø Ø ) is the southernmost of the eight districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir it borders Indian-administered Kashmir to the east . The district is located between Latitude : 32-48 to 33-34 and Longitude : 73.55 to 74-45 , and has an area of 1516 kmÂ .


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Question: As a result , Bir Tawil is one of the few land areas of the world which is not claimed by any state .

As a result Bir Tawil is one of the few land areas of the world which is not claimed by any state .

However , sometimes states exist only as de jure states in that an organization is recognized as having sovereignty over and being the legitimate government of a territory over which they have no actual control .


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Question: It is 95 k long in the north . It is between 26 k and 31 k wide north-to-south .

East-to-west , the area is between 46 k long in the south , and 95 k long in the north , and between 26 k and 31 k wide north-to-south , and 2060 k in size .

With a population of 1.7 million ( 2008 ) , the city is located 73 k inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of 277 m above sea level .


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Question: Sudan claims the administrative border of 1902 . This would put Hala ` ib within Sudan , and Bir Tawil within Egypt .

Sudan however claims the administrative border of 1902 , which would put Hala ` ib within Sudan , and Bir Tawil within Egypt .

The Kushitic Kingdom of MeroÃ `` gave its name to the Island of MeroÃ `` , which was the modern region of Butana , a region bounded by the Nile ( from the Atbarah River to Khartoum ) , the Atbarah , Ethiopia , and the Blue Nile .


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Question: It runs along the 22 Â north circle of latitude .

It is sometimes referred to as the Bir Tawil Triangle , despite the area 's quadrilateral shape , with the longer side in the north of the area running along the 22 Â north circle of latitude . It is the only area where the administrative boundary of 1902 between the two countries runs south of the political boundary of 1899 , which had been defined as the 22 Â north circle of latitude .

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St. Kitts ' 58 km of narrow ( 0.762 m ) - gauge railway center in Basseterre , and swoop the island in a circular pattern .


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E.g.
His circle of associates , friends and lovers included Pablo Picasso , Jean Hugo , Jean Marais , Henri Bernstein , Marlene Dietrich , Coco Chanel , Erik Satie , MarÃ a FÃ lix , Ã dith Piaf ( whom he cast in one of his one-act plays entitled Le Bel Indifferent in 1940 ) , and Raymond Radiguet . == His circle of associates , friends and lovers included Kenneth Anger , Pablo Picasso , Jean Hugo , Jean Marais , Henri Bernstein , Marlene Dietrich , Coco Chanel , Erik Satie , MarÃ a FÃ lix , Ã dith Piaf ( whom he cast in one of his one-act plays entitled Le Bel Indifferent in 1940 ) , and Raymond Radiguet . != This led to her staying in France for a time where she made two other films : Philippe de Broca 's Le Roi de Coeur , opposite Alan Bates and Louis Malle 's Le voleur , opposite Jean-Paul Belmondo .

Question: In the south is the Wadi Tawil ( Ù Ø Ø Ù Ø Ù Ù Ù in Arabic , also called Khawr AbÅ `` Bard , located at ) , near Nogaem Valley .

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In the south is the Wadi Tawil ( Ù Ø Ø Ù Ø Ù Ù Ù in Arabic , also called Khawr AbÅ `` Bard , located at ) .

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Ø Ù Ø Ø Ø Ø Ä dam ul-Shoara or Adam of Poets ) , also written as Rudagi or Rudhagi ( 858 - ca .


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Question: There is no basis in international law for Sudan or Egypt to claim both territories . It would also be difficult for any other state to claim the area .

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There is no basis in international law for Sudan or Egypt to claim both territories , and it would be difficult if not impossible for any third state to claim the area , since it is accessible only through Sudan or Egypt .

Although its legal status is disputed , it is the effective boundary between China and India .


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Question: The Bir Tawil area came under Egyptian administration in 1902 . This was because it was grazing land of the Ababda tribe based near Aswan , Egypt .

The Bir Tawil area came under Egyptian administration in 1902 , because it was grazing land of the Ababda tribe based near Aswan , Egypt .

However , in 1902 the UK drew a separate `` administrative boundary , '' under which a triangle of land north of the parallel was placed under Sudanese administration , because its inhabitants were closer to Khartoum than Cairo , both geographically and culturally .


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Question: Using this boundary , a triangle of land north of the parallel was placed under Sudanese administration . It was because its inhabitants were closer to Khartoum than Cairo , both geographically and culturally .

However , in 1902 the UK drew a separate `` administrative boundary , '' under which a triangle of land north of the parallel was placed under Sudanese administration , because its inhabitants were closer to Khartoum than Cairo , both geographically and culturally .

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In the late 19th century , the European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble and occupied most of the continent , creating many colonial territories , and leaving only two fully independent states : Ethiopia ( known to Europeans as `` Abyssinia '' ) , and Liberia .


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Question: Bir Tawil or Bi ' r TawÄ `` l ( Ø Ù Ø Ø Ù Ù Ù in Arabic ; Bi ' r or Ø Ù Ø , meaning water well ) , is a small , 2060 k , area . It is along the border between Egypt and Sudan .

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Bir Tawil or Bi ' r TawÄ `` l ( Ø Ù Ø Ø Ù Ù Ù in Arabic ; Bi ' r or Ø Ù Ø , meaning water well ) , is a 2060 k area along the border between Egypt and Sudan which is claimed by neither country .

Zanzibar ( , Persian Ø Ù Ú Ø Ø Ø , Arabic Ø Ù Ø Ø Ø Ø , from suffix bÄ r : `` coast '' and Zangi : `` bruin '' ( iron after rust ) in Persian ) is a semi-autonomous part of the United Republic of Tanzania , in East Africa .


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Question: It measured as a Level 6 disaster on the International Nuclear Event Scale ( the Chernobyl disaster is the only accident listed as more serious than this one ) .

It measured as a Level 6 disaster on the International Nuclear Event Scale , making it the second most serious nuclear accident ever recorded ( after the Chernobyl disaster ) .

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The United States Geological Survey lists it as the third deadliest earthquake in history .


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Question: The Kyshtym disaster was a radiation contamination disaster , which happened on 29 September , 1957 , in Mayak , a nuclear plant in Russia ( then a part of the Soviet Union ) .

The Kyshtym disaster was a radiation contamination incident that occurred on 29 September 1957 at Mayak , a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Russia ( then a part of the Soviet Union ) .

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Tuva was made the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast and then became the Tuva ASSR on October 10 , 1961 . The Soviet Union kept Tuva closed to the outside world for nearly fifty years .


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Question: Berles-au-Bois is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

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Berles-au-Bois is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Vitry-en-Artois is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: WWF Capital Carnage was a United Kingdom exclusive professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) that took place on December 6 , 1998 at the London Arena in London , England .

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WWF Capital Carnage was a UK-only professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) that took place on December 6 , 1998 at the London Arena in London , England .

Against All Odds ( 2009 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) , which took place on February 8 , 2009 at the TNA Impact !


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Question: Alfred Nobel created an annual award , the Nobel Peace Prize , for the person who had done the most to bring peace to the world .

According to Nobel 's will , the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who

In that capacity he attended meetings of the League of Nations . He was president of the Council of the League on his first appearance at Geneva in 1932 and , in a speech that made a worldwide impression , appealed for genuine adherence by its members to the principles of the Covenant of the league .


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Question: Buddhists think that peace can be gotten once all suffering ends .

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Buddhists believe that peace can be attained once all suffering ends .

This is to be understood not as an eschewal of the enjoyment of life , but a recognition that spiritual and religious goals are impeded by such indulgence .


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Question: A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to get ideals such as the ending of a particular war ( or all wars ) , minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation , often linked to the goal of achieving world peace .

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A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war ( or all wars ) , minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation , often linked to the goal of achieving world peace .

The political platform of the Libertarian Party reflects its brand of libertarianism , favoring minimally regulated , laissez-faire markets , strong civil liberties , minimally regulated migration across borders , and non-interventionism in foreign policy , i.e. , avoiding foreign military or economic entanglements with other nations and respect for freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries .


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Question: Being `` at peace '' is considered by many to be healthy and the opposite of being stressed or anxious .

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Being `` at peace '' is considered by many to be healthy homeostasis and the opposite of being stressed or anxious .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length The provided query could be "An alliance is a group of players who have banded together and is mostly used for solidarity purposes ." and the positive "An alliance is a group of people who have banded together and is mostly used for solidarity purposes ."

Although `` severely elevated mood '' sounds somewhat desirable and enjoyable , the experience of mania is ultimately often quite unpleasant and sometimes disturbing , if not frightening , for the person involved and for those close to them , and it may lead to impulsive behavior that may later be regretted .


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Question: Many different theories of `` peace '' exist in the world of peace studies , which involves the study of conflict transformation .

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Many different theories of `` peace '' exist in the world of peace studies , which involves the study of conflict transformation , disarmament , and cessation of violence .

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Capra is purportedly setting the grounds for change in many new theories , one of which is the living systems theory , a theoretical framework for ecology .


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Question: To get rid of suffering and get this peace , they follow a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths â '' a central tenet to their philosophy .

To eliminate suffering and achieve this peace , they follow a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths â '' a central tenet to their philosophy .

Lamrim ( Tibetan : `` stages of the path '' ) is a Tibetan Buddhist textual form for presenting the stages in the complete path to enlightenment as taught by Buddha .


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Question: Jesus Christ ( also called the `` Prince of Peace '' in the Book of Isaiah ) said : `` Peace I leave with you ; my peace I give you .

Jesus Christ ( also called the `` Prince of Peace '' in the Book of Isaiah according to Christian interpretation ) stated : `` Peace I leave with you ; my peace I give you .

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When he is in the middle of the valley amidst the gloom and terror he hears the words of the Twenty-third Psalm , spoken possibly by his friend Faithful : Yea , though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death , I will fear no evil : for thou art with me ; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me .


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Question: Kawasaki Frontale is a football club which plays in Japan .

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Kawasaki Frontale is a J. League Division 1 association football club .

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Mito HollyHock is a Japanese professional football ( soccer ) club , currently playing in the J. League Division 2 .


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Question: Mozart wrote two piano concertos in a minor key , and one of them is in C minor , No. 24 , K. 491 .

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Of the two piano concertos that Mozart wrote in a minor key , one of them is in C minor , No. 24 , K. 491 .

While it is commonly stated that the last movement of Beethoven 's Fifth is the first time the trombone and the piccolo were used in a concert symphony , it is not true . The Swedish composer Joachim Nicolas Eggert specified trombones for his Symphony in E-flat major written in 1807 , and examples of earlier symphonies with a part for piccolo abound , including Michael Haydn 's Symphony No. 19 in C major , composed in August 1773 .


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Question: In the Baroque period , music in C minor was usually written with a two-flat key signature .

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In the Baroque period , music in C minor was usually written with a two-flat key signature , and some modern editions of that repertoire retain that convention .

The aria , `` Sorrow has become my lot '' , is also augmented by basset horn .


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Question: C minor has had the meaning of heroic struggle from Beethoven 's time . One of the most famous pieces in this key is his Symphony No. 5 .

C minor has been associated with heroic struggle since Beethoven 's time , with the quintessential work in the key being his Symphony No. 5 ; see Beethoven and C minor .


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Question: The fact that Brahms 's Symphony No. 1 is also in C minor helped it get its nickname as `` Beethoven 's Tenth '' ( Beethoven 's actual unfinished Symphony No. 10 in E flat major may have had a significant central C minor section in the first movement ) .

The fact that Brahms 's Symphony No. 1 is in C minor contributed to it being nicknamed `` Beethoven 's Tenth '' ( Beethoven 's actual unfinished Symphony No. 10 in E flat major may have had a significant central C minor section in the first movement ) .

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A complete performance was not given until 1965 , almost half a century after the symphony was completed , and more than a decade after Ives 's death .


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The provided query could be 'His most famous work is his essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism .' and the positive 'Weber 's essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is his most famous work .' and the negative 'His stance against morally corrupt clergy was initially manifested in his poem on the destruction of the world entitled De Ruina Mundi ( On the Downfall of the World ) , written at the age of 20 .'

Question: Several of the major employers in the city are CMS Energy , which gives natural gas and electrical services to much of Michigan and has its international headquarters in the city , as well as Foote Hospital .

Three major private employers in the city are CMS Energy , which provides natural gas and electrical services to much of Michigan and has its international headquarters in the city , as well as Allegiance Health ( Formerly Foote Hospital ) and the Eaton Corporation .

Moreover , its National Office , which was previously located in Manhattan , was moved to Chicago at about the same time .


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Question: It was started in 1829 . It is named after Democratic President Andrew Jackson .

It was founded in 1829 , and named after President Andrew Jackson .

First called Muckle Ridge , the city was renamed after a hero of the American Revolution , Francis Marion .


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Question: Duff was born in Houston , Texas .

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Duff was born in Houston , Harris County , Texas .

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Earles was born in San Diego , California .


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Question: Duff wrote or co-wrote several songs on two of her sister Hilary 's albums , Metamorphosis ( 2003 ) , Hilary Duff ( 2004 ) and the song , `` Gypsy Woman '' , on Hilary 's 4th album , Dignity .

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In addition to singing , Duff has also wrote and co-wrote several songs for her sister Hilary 's studio albums , Metamorphosis and Hilary Duff , as well as the song `` Gypsy Woman '' , on Hilary 's third studio album , Dignity .

N.B. was not released in North America , but six tracks from it were included with seven new ones and released in 2008 as Pocketful of Sunshine , with the singles `` Love Like This '' and `` Pocketful of Sunshine '' earning success on the charts . In December 2010 , Bedingfield released her third album in North America named Strip Me .


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Question: Her mother , Susan Duff , is a producer . Robert Erhard Duff , Haylie 's father , lives at the family home in Houston .

Her father , Robert Erhard ` Bob ' Duff , is a partner and owner in a chain of convenience stores with father John B. Duff and who resides at the family home in Houston to maintain the family 's business .

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For instance, <<The term has expanded to include uses of the same mechanism in recording , positioning , and servomechanism equipment .>>  to "The term has been expanded to include uses of the same mechanism in recording , positioning , and servomechanism equipment ."

In addition to his sons and both wives , Orbach was survived by his mother Emily Orbach and two grandchildren , Peter and Sarah Kate Orbach , his older son Tony 's children . His younger son , Chris Orbach , is not married .


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Question: Haylie Katherine Duff ( born February 19 1985 ) is an American actress and singer .

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Haylie Katherine Duff ( born February 19 , 1985 ) is an American actress and singer-songwriter .

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Mackenzie Ryann Rosman ( born December 28 , 1989 ) is an American Actress and Singer .


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Question: She is the sister of Hilary Duff .

She is the older sister of actress and singer Hilary Duff .


Question: Ratchet & Clank : Going Commando ( Ratchet & Clank 2 : Locked and Loaded in Europe , Australia and New Zealand ) is a 3D platform\/shooter for the PlayStation 2 . It was developed by Insomniac Games and published by Sony in 2003 .

Ratchet & Clank : Going Commando ( known as Ratchet & Clank 2 : Locked and Loaded in certain PAL regions ) is a 3D platformer\/shooter developed by Insomniac Games and published by Sony .

Super Princess Peach is a platform video game co-developed by Nintendo and Tose , and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld game console . It was released in Japan in October 2005 , the United States in February 2006 , Australia in March 2006 , and Europe in May 2006 .


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Question: It is the second game in the Ratchet & Clank series .

Released for the PlayStation 2 in 2003 , it is the second game in the Ratchet & Clank series , following Ratchet & Clank and preceding Ratchet & Clank : Up Your Arsenal .

A remake with enhanced graphics and a different multiplayer was exclusively released for the Xbox in 2005 , titled Conker : Live & Reloaded .


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Question: Toe socks are socks that wrap each toe separate from the others .

A toe sock encases each toe individually the same way a finger is encased in a glove , while other socks have one compartment for the big toe and one for the rest , like a mitten ; most notably Japanese tabi . Both of these allow one to wear flip-flops with the socks .

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They were thongs of ox hide approximately 3 to 3.7 meters long that were wrapped around the hands and knuckles numerous times .


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Question: Socks can be worn on the feet .

In basketball , tube socks are worn , and in lacrosse , mid-calf socks are required . In football , knee socks are used .

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This is why nuts and bolts can be seen in the bridge today .


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Question: Toe socks are socks that wrap each toe separate from the others . Socks can be worn on the feet .

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Over-the-knee socks or socks that extend higher ( thigh-high socks ) are today considered female garments .

Leg warmers , which are not typically socks , may be replaced with socks in cold climate .


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Question: Socks can be worn on the feet . Socks come in an array of different colors .

Leg warmers , which are not typically socks , may be replaced with socks in cold climate .

With numerous companies producing lollipops , the candy now comes in dozens of flavors and many different shapes .


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Question: She became Hadley 's friend . Then Pauline fell in love with Hemingway .

Of Hemingway 's marriage to Hadley , Meyers claims : `` With Hadley , Hemingway achieved everything he had hoped for with Agnes : the love of a beautiful woman , a comfortable income , a life in Europe . ''

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After his mother 's death , when he was seven , he lived with his uncle and grandmother in Frankfurt .


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Question: Then Pauline fell in love with Hemingway .

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In the late spring Hemingway and Pauline traveled to Kansas City where their son Patrick Hemingway was born on June 28 , 1928 . Pauline had a difficult delivery , which Hemingway fictionalized in A Farewell to Arms .

A few years later , she persuaded Keenan to live with his father in Michigan .


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Question: One was an American woman , Pauline Pfeiffer . She became Hadley 's friend .

In the spring of 1926 , Hadley became aware of his affair with Pauline Pfeiffer , although she endured Pauline 's presence in Pamplona that July .

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Years later , she would reflect fondly about the time that she spent with Lower , whom she affectionately called `` Aunt Ana '' .


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Question: Cultivation of the Valencia in Orange County had stopped by the mid-1990s because of rising property costs , which caused what remained of the Southern California orange industry to move to Florida .

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Cultivation of the Valencia in Orange County had all but ceased by the mid-1990s due to rising property costs from urban sprawl , which drove most of what remained of the Southern California juice orange industry into Florida and Brazil .

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Syrian Americans are also numerous in Southern California ( i.e. the Los Angeles and San Diego areas ) and Arizona , many are descendants of farm laborers invited with their farm skills to irrigate the deserts in the early 20th century . .


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Question: The Valencia orange is an orange first made by the Californian agronomist William Wolfskill , on his farm in Santa Ana .

The Valencia Orange is a sweet orange first hybridized by California pioneer agronomist and land developer William Wolfskill , on his farm in Santa Ana , United States .

Bing is a cultivar of the wild or sweet cherry ( Prunus avium ) that originated in the Pacific Northwest , in Milwaukie , Oregon , United States .


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Question: Those who have the formal power to create legislation are known as legislators , the judicial branch of government may have the formal power to interpret legislation .

Those who have the formal power to create legislation are known as legislators ; a judicial branch of government will have the formal power to interpret legislation ( see statutory interpretation ) ; the executive branch of government can act only within the powers and limits set by the law .

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In a mixed government , some issues ( often defined in a constitution ) are decided by the majority of the people , some other issues by few , and some other issues by a single person ( also often defined in a constitution ) .


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Question: These other forms of law-making include referenda and constitutional conventions .

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Such other forms of law-making include referendums , constitutional conventions , orders-in-council or regulations .

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The council issued declarations and instructions based on and in accordance with applicable laws , which had obligatory jurisdictional power over the territories of all republics within the Union .


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Question: Under the doctrine of separation of powers , the law-making function is primarily the responsibility of the legislature .

The function and procedures are primarily the responsibility of the legislature .


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Question: However , there are situations where legislation is enacted by other means ( most commonly when constitutional law is enacted ) .

However , there are situations where legislation is made by other bodies or means , such as when constitutional law or secondary legislation is enacted .


Question: Legislation is usually proposed by a member of the legislature ( e.g. a member of Congress or Parliament ) , or by the executive , then it is debated by members of the legislature and is often amended .

Legislation is usually proposed by a member of the legislature ( e.g. a member of Congress or Parliament ) , or by the executive , whereupon it is debated by members of the legislature and is often amended before passage .

Especially in parliamentary systems of government , Heads of state often act on the basis of advice issued by prime ministers or other government ministers .


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E.g.
In 1961 he was given work as a lecturer in economics in Chittagong College . == Later he was appointed as a lecturer in economics in Chittagong College in 1961 . != She was also instructor in declamation there .

Question: Under the Westminster system , an item of legislation is known as an Act of Parliament .

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Under the Westminster system , an item of primary legislation is known as an Act of Parliament after enactment .

As a result , since Australia was still legally a colony , there was continued uncertainty as to the applicability of British Imperial laws to the Commonwealth .


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Question: The term `` legislation '' is sometimes used to describe these situations , but other times , the term is used to distinguish acts of the legislature from these other lawmaking forms .

The term legislation is sometimes used to include these situations , or the term primary legislation may be used to exclude these other forms .

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Question: Legislation ( or `` statutory law '' ) is law which has been created by a legislature or other governing body .

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Legislation ( or `` statutory law '' ) is law which has been promulgated ( or `` enacted '' ) by a legislature or other governing body , or the process of making it .

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Given It is made from pork shoulder meat and ham ., a positive would be The labeled ingredients in the classic variety of Spam are chopped pork shoulder meat with ham meat added , salt , water , modified potato starch as a binder , and sodium nitrite as a preservative . & a negative would be As a result , Cajun boudin is now usually made without blood .

Question: Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill , which is typically also known as `` legislation '' while it remains under active consideration .

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Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill , and may be broadly referred to as `` legislation '' while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business .

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There have been several proposals to make English the national language in amendments to immigration reform bills , but none of these bills has become law with the amendment intact .


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Question: He was chosen as the goaltender of the Canadiens ' `` dream team '' in 1985 . He was inducted into the Quebec Sports Pantheon in 1994 .

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Plante was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1978 , was chosen as the goaltender of the Canadiens ' `` dream team '' in 1985 , and was inducted into the Quebec Sports Pantheon in 1994 .

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In 2008 , Lewis was inducted into Canada 's Sports Hall of Fame . In 2009 , in his first year of eligibility , Lewis was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame .


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Question: He was inducted into the Quebec Sports Pantheon in 1994 .

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Plante was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1978 , and into the Quebec Sports Pantheon in 1994 .

Piper was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2005 .


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Question: Plante was the first goaltender to regularly play the puck outside his crease in support of his team 's defencemen , and often instructed his teammates from behind the play , as the goaltender usually has the best view of the game .

Plante was the first goaltender to regularly play the puck outside his crease in support of his team 's defencemen , and he often instructed his teammates from behind the play .

Thompson was described by Johnny Bower , a former goaltender who was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , as a good puckhandler , and one of the best of his time at forward passing .


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Question: Most importantly , Plante was the first NHL goaltender to always wear mask when playing .

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Plante was the first NHL goaltender to wear a goaltender mask in regulation play on a regular basis .

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However , because he served only as an interim captain , Sidney Crosby retains the distinction of being the youngest permanent captain in NHL history .


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------

The provided query could be 'Tauriers is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .' and the positive 'Tauriers is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .' and the negative 'Juvinas is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .'

Question: He joined the World Hockey Association , first as coach and general manager for the Quebec Nordiques in 1973 â `` 74 .

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He joined the World Hockey Association as coach and general manager for the Quebec Nordiques in 1973 â `` 74 .

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The Kansas City Scouts was a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) from 1974 â `` 76 .


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Question: With the help of other experts , he made and tested many versions of the goalie mask , including a version of today 's mask\/helmet combination .

He developed and tested many versions of the mask ( including the forerunner of today 's mask\/helmet combination ) with the assistance of other experts .

In addition , during the ' 35 â `` '36 seasons the inside wall was removed in the corners , the angle of the outside wall in relation to the track was changed to keep cars from launching over , hard crash helmets became mandatory , and the first yellow light system was devised around the track .


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Question: Joseph Jacques Omer `` Jake the Snake '' Plante ( January 17 , 1929 â `` February 27 , 1986 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender .

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Joseph Jacques Omer Plante ( January 17 , 1929 â `` February 27 , 1986 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender .

Cecil Ralph `` Tiny '' Thompson ( May 31 , 1903 â `` February 11 , 1981 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender .


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Question: Lastly , the Montreal Canadiens retired Plante 's sweater , # 1 , in 1995 .

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His jersey , # 1 , was retired in 1995 by the Montreal Canadiens .

A four-time Vezina Trophy winner , Thompson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959 .


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Question: Plante first retired in 1965 , but he was asked to come back to the NHL to play for a new team , the St. Louis Blues , in 1968 .

Plante retired in 1965 but was persuaded to return to the National Hockey League to play for the expansion St. Louis Blues in 1968 .

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Fewshot example: "What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to governor Stevens T. Mason ." == "The university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 ."

In 1984 , Brian Bellows was named interim captain of the Minnesota North Stars when Craig Hartsburg was injured , and is the youngest player to captain a team in NHL history .


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Question: After his time with Quebec was not successful , Plante played goal for the Edmonton Oilers in 1974 â `` 75 .

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For example, 'The white supremacist ideology has become associated with a racist faction of the skinhead subculture , despite the fact that when the skinhead culture first developed in the United Kingdom in the late 1960s , it was heavily influenced by black fashions and music , especially Jamaican reggae and ska , and African American soul music By the 1980s , a sizeable and vocal white power skinhead faction had formed .' should be close to 'White supremacists have become linked with a racist part of the skinhead subculture , despite the fact that when the skinhead scene first developed in the United Kingdom in the late 1960s , it was heavily influenced by Jamaican rude boys and British mods . By the 1980s , a large white power skinhead faction had formed .'

He then played goal for the Edmonton Oilers in 1974 â `` 75 , ending his professional career with that team .

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After retiring from professional play , Thompson became the head coach of the Buffalo Bisons of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) in the 1940 â `` 41 season .


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Question: Plante was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1970 , and then to the Boston Bruins in 1973 .

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He was later traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1970 and to the Boston Bruins in 1973 .

McLeod started his National Hockey League career with the St. Louis Blues in 1972 .


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Question: He played for the Montreal Canadiens from 1953 to 1963 ; during this time , the team won the Stanley Cup six times , including five wins in a row .

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He played for the Montreal Canadiens from 1953 to 1963 ; during his tenure , the team won the Stanley Cup six times , including five consecutive wins .

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Roy `` Shrimp '' Worters ( October 19 , 1900 in Toronto , Ontario â `` November 7 , 1957 in Toronto , Ontario ) was a Canadian professional Hockey Hall of Fame goaltender who played twelve seasons in the National Hockey League for the Pittsburgh Pirates , Montreal Canadiens and New York Americans , and was notable for recording 66 shutouts in his career and being , at 5 ' 3 '' tall , the shortest player ever to play in the NHL .


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Question: Betsy made its most strongest landfall near the mouth of the Mississippi River , causing major flooding of the waters of Lake Pontchartrain into New Orleans ; at the time it was the costliest hurricane in the history of the United States , and , as the first hurricane to cause over a billion dollars in damages , earned the nickname `` Billion-Dollar Betsy '' .

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Betsy made its most intense landfall near the mouth of the Mississippi River , causing significant flooding of the waters of Lake Pontchartrain into New Orleans . As it was mistakenly known as the first hurricane to cause over a billion dollars in damage ( 1965 dollars , not adjusted for inflation ) , it earned the nickname `` Billion-Dollar Betsy '' .

Hurricane Carol was among the worst tropical cyclones to affect New England , United States .


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Question: Hurricane Betsy was a strong hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season which caused a lot of damage in the Bahamas , Florida , and Louisiana .

Hurricane Betsy was a Category 4 hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season which caused enormous damage in the Bahamas , Florida , and Louisiana .

Hurricane Ismael was a weak Pacific hurricane that killed over one hundred people in northern Mexico in September of the 1995 Pacific hurricane season .


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Question: Sambreville is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur .

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Sambreville is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur .

Gesves is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur .


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Question: Beggs is a city of Oklahoma in the United States .

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Beggs is a city in Okmulgee County , Oklahoma , United States .

Hooker is a city in Texas County , Oklahoma , in the United States .


Question: RaÃ l Vicente Amarilla ( born 20 October 1961 ) is a former Paraguayan football player .

RaÃ l Vicente Amarilla ( born October 20 , 1961 in Luque ) is a retired Paraguayan football striker .

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Jared Francisco Borgetti EcheverrÃ a ( born 14 August 1973 ) is a retired Mexican footballer .


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Question: The official language of Costa Rica is Spanish .

For all these reasons Costa Rica was by and large unappreciated and overlooked by the Spanish Crown and left to develop on its own . It is believed that the circumstances during this period led to many of the idiosyncrasies for which Costa Rica has become known , whereas concomitantly setting the stage for Costa Rica 's development as a more egalitarian society than the rest of its neighbors .

Seven of the former colonies of Portugal have Portuguese as their official language .


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For example, 'The Agnatha are ectothermic , with a cartilaginous skeleton , and the heart contains 2 chambers .' should have a representation like 'The Agnatha are ectothermic or cold blooded , with a cartilaginous skeleton , and the heart contains 2 chambers .' but very far from 'Advanced features that ties it in with the reptilian rather than amphibian group is unfused ankle bones , lack of labyrinthodont infolding of the dentin , a lack of an otic notch and a generally small skull .'.

Question: Manuel SanchÃ s Hontiyuelo ( born 23 May , 1965 ) is a former Spanish football player .

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Manuel ` Manolo ' SanchÃ s Hontiyuelo ( born 23 May 1965 in Madrid ) is a former Spanish footballer , who played as a sweeper .

Rafael Gordillo VÃ zquez ( born 24 February 1957 ) is a retired Spanish footballer .


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Question: Florent Sinama Pongolle ( born 20 October 1984 ) is a French football player . He plays for Sporting Portugal .

Florent StÃ phane Sinama Pongolle ( born October 20 , 1984 in Saint-Pierre , RÃ union ) is a French footballer who plays for Real Zaragoza on loan from Sporting Clube de Portugal .

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Lassana `` Lass '' Diarra ( born 10 March 1985 in Paris ) is a French footballer who currently plays for Real Madrid .


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Question: Delavan is a city of Illinois in the United States .

Delavan is a city in Tazewell County , Illinois , United States .

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Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: Olbia-Tempio is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy .

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Olbia-Tempio is the name of a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia , Italy .

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The Province of Genoa ( It . Provincia di Genova ) is a province in the Liguria region of Italy .


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Question: Thalassa was discovered sometime before mid-September , 1989 from the images taken by the Voyager 2 probe .

Thalassa was discovered sometime before mid-September 1989 from the images taken by the Voyager 2 probe .

Shoemaker-Levy 9 , at the time captured by and orbiting Jupiter , was located on the night of March 24 , 1993 , in a photograph taken with the 40 c Schmidt telescope at the Palomar Observatory in California .


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Question: Thalassa or Neptune IV , is the second closest moon to Neptune . It was named after a daughter of Aether and Hemera from Greek mythology .

Thalassa was named after sea goddesss Thalassa , a daughter of Aether and Hemera from Greek mythology .

Sao , or Neptune XI , like many of the outer satellites of Neptune , is named after one of the Nereids ; Sao was associated with sailing and is referred to as `` The rescuer '' or `` Safety '' .


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Question: The discovery was said ( IAUC 4867 ) on September 29 , 1989 , but the text only talks of `` 25 frames taken over 11 days '' , giving a discovery date of sometime before September 18 .

The discovery was announced ( IAUC 4867 ) on September 29 , 1989 , but the text only talks of `` 25 frames taken over 11 days '' , giving a discovery date of sometime before September 18 .

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The formal name `` Nix '' , from the Greek goddess of darkness and night , and mother of Charon , was announced on June 21 , 2006 , on IAU Circular 8723 , where the designation Pluto II is also given .


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Question: It was given the designation S\/1989 N 5 .

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It was given the temporary designation S\/1989 N 5 .

An example 5 digit group identifier is 99936 , for Bhutan .


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Question: This is a list of the tallest buildings in New York City .

This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in New York City .

This is a list of people from the state of Tennessee .


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Question: Manor Creek is a city of Kentucky in the United States .

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Manor Creek is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States .

Rolling Fields is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States .


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Question: Lips also show emotions .

The lips visibly express emotions such as a smile or frown .

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It can be accompanied by yawning .


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Question: Franz Welser-M Ã st ( born Linz , 16 August 1960 ) is an Austrian conductor . He is the conductor ( music director ) of the Cleveland Orchestra .

Franz Welser-M Ã st ( born 16 August 1960 ) is an Austrian conductor who is currently the music director for the Cleveland Orchestra and the Vienna State Opera .

Daniel Harding ( born 31 August 1975 in Oxford ) is a British conductor .


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Question: In 2007 , the Austrian government made him Musical Director ( Generalmusikdirektor ) of the Vienna State Opera beginning in September 2010 .

On June 6 , 2007 , the Austrian government announced the appointment of Welser-M Ã st as Musical Director ( Generalmusikdirektor ) of the Vienna State Opera beginning in September 2010 , alongside Dominique Meyer as director ( Staatsoperndirektor ) .

Haitink became second conductor of the Netherlands Radio Union Orchestra in 1955 .


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Question: In 1985 he changed his stage-name to `` Welser-M Ã st '' after the town of Wels where he grew up .

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In 1985 , MÃ st assumed the stage name Welser-M Ã st on suggestion of his mentor , Baron Andreas von Bennigsen of Liechtenstein , thus paying homage to the city of Wels where he grew up .

Werner KrÃ mer ( 23 January 1940 â `` 12 February 2010 ) was a German football player , who is a household name to the West German football audience under his nickname Eia KrÃ mer . He was born in Duisburg , Germany .


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Question: In 1995 he went to the Zurich Opera House where he conducted many operas including complete cycles of Wagner 's Ring Cycle . He left the Zurich post in 2008 .

From 1995 to 2000 , he was music director with the Zurich Opera House .

Della Casa sang the part of Zdenka in the performance of Richard Strauss ' Arabella at Zurich Municipal Opera House to her revered soprano Maria Cebotari 's Arabella in 1946 .


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Question: He appeared at the Salzburg Festival in 1985 , then conducted the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1986 and , from 1989 he appeared a lot in the United States .

His first major debuts were at the Salzburg Festival in 1985 , followed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1986 and the Orchester Musikkollegium Winterthur in 1988 . Other guest conductor appearances comprised the first five years of his career : his American debut with the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra in 1989 , performances with the orchestras of Atlanta , Boston , New York , Chicago , plus frequent returns to the London Philharmonic .

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Given Gustave Flaubert ( December 12 , 1821 -- May 8 , 1880 ) was a French writer who is counted among the greatest Western novelists ., a positive would be Gustave Flaubert ( in French ) ( December 12 , 1821 â `` May 8 , 1880 ) was a French writer .

Haitink became sole chief conductor in 1963 , and served in this post until 1988 .


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E.g. given 'The tail will drop off and wriggle around for a little while , and the salamanders will either run away or stay still enough to not be noticed while the predator is distracted .' it should be close to 'Their tail will drop off and wriggle around for a little while , and the salamanders will either run away or stay still enough to not be noticed while the predator is distracted .' but not to 'After a kill , some ant-mimicking spiders hold their victims between themselves and large groups of ants to avoid being attacked .'.

Question: He received a lot of criticism and left the LPO in 1996 .

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Later she was rumored to have dated a younger John Kim before the relationship ended in 2003 .


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Question: Franz Leopold Maria MÃ st was born in Linz , Austria .

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Franz Leopold Maria MÃ st was born in Linz , Austria , and later studied under the composer Balduin Sulzer .

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Rainer KÃ 1\/4 chl was born in Waidhofen an der Ybbs , Austria , in August 1950 .


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Question: In 1990 , Welser-M Ã st became main ( principal ) conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra .

In 1990 , Welser-M Ã st became principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra ( LPO ) .

Harding then attended the University of Cambridge , but after his first year at university , Abbado named him his assistant with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra .


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Question: Steve McQueen ( March 24 , 1930 - November 7 , 1980 ) was an American actor .

Terrence Steven `` Steve '' McQueen ( March 24 , 1930 â `` November 7 , 1980 ) was a popular American movie actor .

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Humphrey DeForest Bogart ( December 25 , 1899 â `` January 14 , 1957 ) was an American actor .


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Question: Note : if the text contains one or more '' = '' ( equal signs ) , then the template must be called as ; Parameter 5 : Source of the quote ( publication title , speech , etc. ) .

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For example, A 2005 study in the British Medical Journal found that learning and practicing the didgeridoo helped reduce snoring and sleep apnea by strengthening muscles in the upper airway , thus reducing their tendency to collapse during sleep . should be similar to A 2005 study in the British Medical Journal found that learning and playing the didgeridoo helped reduce snoring and sleep apnea . It does this by making muscles in the upper airway stronger , and this helps them stay open during sleep .

Note : if the text contains one or more '' = '' ( equal signs ) , then the template must be called as ; source \/ publication \/ Parameter 5 : Source of the quote ( publication title , speech , etc. ) .

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If the documentation page contains or tags as part of the visible documentation text , replace the '' '' with '' '' .


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Question: ; Parameter 4 : Name of the person that wrote or spoke the text being quoted .

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; author \/ Parameter 4 : Name of the person that wrote or spoke the text being quoted .

; name : The first parameter is mandatory , and identifies the name of the country , region , city , etc. .


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Question: 2033 ( MMXXXIII ) will be a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian Calendar .

2033 ( MMXXXIII ) will be common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar .

2005 ( MMV ) was a Common year that started on a Saturday ( dominical letter B ) in the Gregorian calendar .


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Question: The meeting report says there were 322 persons in attendance at meetings with about seven-eighths of visitors being from governments .

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The meeting report states there were 322 persons in attendance at Sessions with about seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations .

There was only one seal among the 1,985 entries contributed by designers from China and overseas .


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Question: The Panel controls what the IPCC agrees on to meet standards .

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The Panel is responsible for the IPCC and its endorsement of Reports allows it to ensure they meet IPCC standards .

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A summary of extensive discussion should reflect the conclusions of the source .


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Question: The Summary for Policymakers for the Working Group 3 report was published on May 4 , 2007 .

The Summary for Policymakers for the Working Group III report was released on 4 May 2007 .

The book was published on July 11 , 1960 .


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Question: The UNFCCC was the beginning of the Kyoto Protocol .

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Implementation of the UNFCCC led eventually to the Kyoto Protocol .

While the preparation of the assessment reports is a major IPCC function , it also supports other activities , such as the Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme , required under the UNFCCC .


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Question: There was also a February 2 2007 press release .

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There was also a 2 February 2007 press release .

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These flaws resulted in the award 's being dropped after 1928 .


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Question: Documentation on the meetings for the AR4 are available , the outlines for the Working Group 1 report and a provisional author list .

Documentation on the scoping meetings for the AR4 are available as are the outlines for the WG I report and a provisional author list .

Unqualified , `` the IPCC report '' is often used to mean the Working Group I report , which covers the basic science of climate change .


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Question: The IPCC also answers questions from the UNFCCC Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice ( SBSTA ) .

The IPCC also often answers inquiries from the UNFCCC Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice ( SBSTA ) .

The Working Group I Summary for Policymakers ( SPM ) was published on 2 February 2007 and revised on 5 February 2007 .


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Question: The estimate for the climate sensitivity was 1.5 to 4.5 Â C ; and the average temperature was predicted to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 Celsius degrees between 1990 and 2100 , and the sea level was predicted to rise between 0.1 and 0.9 meters .

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The TAR estimate for the climate sensitivity is 1.5 to 4.5 Â C ; and the average surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 Celsius degrees over the period 1990 to 2100 , and the sea level is projected to rise by 0.1 to 0.9 meters over the same period .

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The optimal habitat of P. terribilis is the rainforest with high rain rates ( 5 m or more ) , altitude between 100 â `` 200 m , temperature of at least 26 Â C , and relative humidity of 80 â `` 90 % .


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Question: This graph was different to the IPCC First assessment report which showed global temperature for the past 1000 years , and higher temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period .

This graph differed from a schematic in the first assessment report which lacked temperature units , but appeared to depict larger global temperature variations over the past 1000 years , and higher temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period than the mid 20th century .

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On the Atlantic coast , probability of landfalling hurricanes has doubled in the recent millennium compared to the one and a half millennia before .


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Question: The IPCC activities are controlled by the WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council to support the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change .

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The principles of the IPCC operation are assigned by the relevant WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council resolutions and decisions as well as on actions in support of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change process .

The 1992 supplementary report was an update , requested in the context of the negotiations on the Framework Convention on Climate Change at the Earth Summit ( United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 .


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Question: It was made in four parts :

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For instance, <<It showcases several of America 's largest indoor and outdoor waterparks ( see Noah 's Ark Waterpark ) .>>  to "It showcases several of America 's largest indoor and outdoor waterparks , like Noah 's Ark Waterpark ."

This was much less than that of the morning Sun .


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Question: The IPCC first assessment report was completed in 1990 , and used to make the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) .

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The IPCC first assessment report was completed in 1990 , and served as the basis of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) .

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Each of the last three parts was completed by a separate working group , and each has a Summary for Policymakers ( SPM ) that represents a consensus of national representatives .


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Question: Benjamin D. Santer , Lead Author of Chapter 8 of 1995 IPCC Working Group 1 report , said :

Benjamin D. Santer , Convening Lead Author of Chapter 8 of 1995 IPCC Working Group I Report , replied :

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In October 1997 R. J. Rummel published a book , which is available on the web , titled Statistics of Democide : Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900 . In Chapter 8 , Statistics Of Pakistan 's Democide - Estimates , Calculations , And Sources , he states :


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Question: Review comments are open to the public for at least five years .

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Review comments are in an open archive for at least five years .

Any licensed architect can also make a personal application for the prize before 1 November every year .


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Question: The IPCC also supports other activities , such as the Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme .

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While the preparation of the assessment reports is a major IPCC function , it also supports other activities , such as the Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme , required under the UNFCCC .

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The Office implements the Program on Space Applications and maintains the Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space .


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Question: The study compared IPCC 2001 predictions of temperature and sea level change with what actually happened .

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The study compared IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change with observations .

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The UN has warned that these projections are uncertain , and caution that any change or advancement in medical technology could invalidate their projections .


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Question: Each of the working groups was made by its own working group , and each has a Summary for Policymakers ( SPM ) that is a list of agreements by governments .

Each of the last three parts was completed by a separate working group , and each has a Summary for Policymakers ( SPM ) that represents a consensus of national representatives .

A summary of extensive discussion should reflect the conclusions of the source .


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Question: The IPCC Third Assessment Report showed a graph labeled `` Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction '' from a paper by Mann , Bradley and Hughes ( MBH98 ) often called the `` Hockey Stick Graph '' .

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Given The cremasteric muscle is part of the spermatic cord ., a positive would be The spermatic cord is tightened by the cremasteric muscle .

The third assessment report ( TAR ) prominently featured a graph labeled `` Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction '' from a 1999 paper by Michael E. Mann , Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes ( MBH99 ) often referred to as the `` Hockey Stick Graph '' .

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In 1957 he and his wife were co-authors , together with William Fowler , the American physicist , and Fred Hoyle , the British astronomer , of a famous paper on stellar nucleosynthesis , which was referred to as the B2FH paper , after the initials of the surnames of the four authors .


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Question: The IPCC Panel is made of people from governments and other groups .

The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations .

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Question: The 1992 supplementary report was an update of the 1990 report , requested for the Framework Convention on Climate Change at the Earth Summit ( United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 .

The 1992 supplementary report was an update , requested in the context of the negotiations on the Framework Convention on Climate Change at the Earth Summit ( United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 .

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Jean was formally appointed and installed as Special Envoy for Haiti for the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization on November 8 , 2010 , for a four-year term .


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Question: This was criticized in an article by Stephen McIntyre and Ross McKitrick .

The methodology used to produce the `` hockey stick '' graph was criticized in a paper by Stephen McIntyre and Ross McKitrick .

Social activist and Wikipedia critic Daniel Brandt then wrote a letter reporting the identity discrepancy to Stacy Schiff and The New Yorker .


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Question: On December 20 , 1995 , Reuters news agency claimed a British scientist Keith Shine , one of IPCC 's most important authors , talking about the Policymakers ' Summary , said : `` We produce a draft , and then the policymakers go through it line by line and change the way it is presented ... It 's peculiar that they have the final say in what goes into a scientists ' report '' .

Keith Shine , one of IPCC 's lead authors , discussing the Policymakers ' Summary , said : `` We produce a draft , and then the policymakers go through it line by line and change the way it is presented ... It 's peculiar that they have the final say in what goes into a scientists ' report '' .

However , he also warned that `` It 's always inappropriate to try to win an argument by flashing your credentials , and even more so if those credentials are inaccurate . ''


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Question: Authors are chosen from a list of researchers prepared by governments , other important groups , the Working Group\/Task Force Bureaux , and other experts ( , 4.2.1,2 ) .

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Authors for the IPCC reports are chosen from a list of researchers prepared by governments , and participating organizations and the Working Group\/Task Force Bureaux , and other experts as appropriate , known through their publications and works ( , 4.2.1,2 ) .

Arabic language versions are , as appropriate , in parentheses .


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Question: Each chapter has a lot of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material .

Each chapter has a number of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material .

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You may use external websites or publications as a source of information , but not as a source of article content such as sentences or images .


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Question: Working Group 1 was about the `` Physical Science Basis of Climate Change . ''

Working Group I dealt with the `` Physical Science Basis of Climate Change . ''

The Directorate consists of a Director-General and five directors in the areas of `` Operations '' , `` Human Resources '' , `` Financial Resources and Logistics '' , `` Communication and Information Management '' , and `` International Law and Cooperation within the Movement '' .


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Question: The Working Group 1 report of 2007 ( including the summary for policy makers ) included contributions by 600 authors from 40 countries , over 620 expert reviewers , a large number of government reviewers , and representatives from 113 governments .

Of these , the Working Group 1 report ( including the summary for policy makers ) included contributions by 600 authors from 40 countries , over 620 expert reviewers , a large number of government reviewers , and representatives from 113 governments .

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The NAE is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members , sharing with the rest of the National Academies the role of advising the federal government . The NAE operates engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs , encourages education and research , and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers .


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Question: This chapter dealt with the nature of the basic processes which determine the response of climate , and found numerous problems with model treatments â `` including those of clouds and water vapor . The chapter was summarized with the following sentence : ` Understanding of climate processes and their incorporation in climate models have improved , including water vapor , sea-ice dynamics , and ocean heat transport . '

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Taking Chapter 7 , Physical Processes , on which he worked , he said that it `` found numerous problems with model treatments â `` including those of clouds and water vapor '' , the chapter was summarized in the single sentence `` Understanding of climate processes and their incorporation in climate models have improved , including water vapor , sea-ice dynamics , and ocean heat transport . ''

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The Thornthwaite system , in use since 1948 , incorporates evapotranspiration in addition to temperature and precipitation information and is used in studying animal species diversity and potential impacts of climate changes .


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Question: The Bush administration , at the request of ExxonMobil , wanted rid of Robert Watson , a climate scientist and IPCC chairperson , and to have him replaced by Pachauri , who was seen at the time as more friendly to industry .

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The memo led to strong Bush administration lobbying , evidently at the behest of ExxonMobil , to oust Robert Watson , a climate scientist , from the IPCC chairmanship , and to have him replaced by Pachauri , who was seen at the time as more mild-mannered and industry-friendly .

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In a July 11 letter , he complained that the British did not appear to trust him , and threatened to break off negotiations unless progress was made .


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Question: The IPCC believed they needed better predictions and better understanding of climate .

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IPCC uses the best available predictions and their reports are under strong scientific scrutiny . The IPCC concedes that there is a need for better models and better scientific understanding of some climate phenomena , as well as the uncertainties involved .

The UN has warned that these projections are uncertain , and caution that any change or advancement in medical technology could invalidate their projections .