Friday, June 17, 2011
EARN EXTRA INCOME FROM YOUR WEBSITE
Friday, June 10, 2011
Alusiisen ti Rabii (by: Alex Barut)
Kasla Sonata iti Piano (by: Alex Barut)
Published at Bannawag
July 4, 2011
Wednesday, April 27, 2011
Ritmo ti Ranitrit (by: Alex Barut)
Tuesday, April 26, 2011
Friday, November 26, 2010
Saturday, June 2, 2007
PATTERNS AND CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION IN SELECTED RURAL BARANGAYS OF ILOCOS NORTE
(A paper presented during the 2nd Nakem International Conference held at Teatro Ilocandia, MMSU-Batac, Ilocos Norte on May 22-25, 2007)
The result of the study shows that there were more out-migrants than in- and return-migrants in both communities. Most of the migrants in both communities were young females who were either single or married. The migrants in Isic-Isic have lower level of educational attainment while the migrants in
The migrants in both communities largely came from medium-sized families. However, the rate of migration with respect to the total population of each size was highest among large-sized households. It was likewise observed that the migrants were employed in menial work or were housekeepers before they migrated.
Majority of the migrants in both communities went abroad. In Isic-Isic, however, most out-migrants were OCWs while in San Lorenzo, the out-migrants were petitio[1]ned by relatives to emigrate in the
It was found out that the reasons for migration were economic and familial. Economically, the migrants were pushed to leave their communities to look for work or to have better paying jobs. Other reasons for migration were to study or marry. Further interviews also revealed that peace and order (insurgency) also contributed to the out-migration in Isic-Isic.
The chi-square test of independence revealed the following results: (1) age and sex are significantly associated with the choice of destination; (2) gender and educational attainment are not associated with the choice of destination; (3) primary reason for migration is not associated with gender, marital status and educational attainment; (4) age and primary reason for migration are associated with each other; (5) primary reason for migration is independent of household size and pre-migration occupation; (6) choice of destination is dependent on primary reason for migration; and (7) Choice of destination is dependent on pre-migration occupation.
Generally, migration provided better income for the out-migrants themselves, however, it resulted to physical strain and psychological turmoil. Among the emigrants in
Indeed, migration increased the economic capability of the migrants' family. Their families became more economically well-off as shown by their new houses and other material accumulations. Many of the migrants' family members also indicated that they became more hardworking. But this created attitude of dependence on the out-migrants by some family members left behind. The relationship of migrant-parents and their children and husbands also became strained creating psychological or emotional stress to both.
The study also showed that the migrants were considered good sources of donations for community projects. But, it is unfortunate to note that most of those interviewed in the research communities did not point to the brain drain consequence of the migration phenomenon. Majority even said there were no negative consequences of out-migration in their communities.
The following conclusions were formulated based on the results of the investigation:
1. There are similarities on the characteristics of the migrants in Isic-Isic and
2. The structural problem in the upland and lowland communities, which limits economic opportunities to community members, becomes a push factor for out-migration. This also explains the low turnout of return-migrants in both communities. On the other hand, the persisting patrilocal culture -- family resides on the place or home of the male -- in both communities is the major reason for in-migration.
3. The migration phenomenon has both negative and positive con-sequences. Migration, especially to the out-migrants, is economically and materially rewarding but psychologically and emotionally stressing to the migrants themselves and their relatives. The community tends to be only aware of the material benefits derived from the migration of their members, not of the negative effects.
4. Finally, it is concluded that out-migration is a natural reaction of people to the challenges or stress generated by lack of economic opportunities. The volume of migration, therefore, can be a parameter of the economic status of a community -- that is, the out-migration phenomenon is an indicator of an unfavorable condition of life in a community.
Kasano a Naasawak ni Baketko!!!???
Sangapulo ngatan ti tawenko idi ta mangrugin ti kinapilyok. Iti nailet a baetan nga awan pulos ti pagnaan dagiti ubbing a mapan idiay eskuwela isu ti gustok a pangur-urayan kadakuada. Lalaki man wenno babai, awan ti makalasat no diak apirasen ti mabagbagida. Addanto agik-ikkis, addanto met tay kasta unay ti rurodna, adda met tay manggandat a tumaray ngem awan a pulos ti makalibas. Diak ammo ta magustuak la unay ti mangsutsutil kadakuada. Daytoy met ti makaigapu ti pangmalmaloan daydi tatangko kaniak. Ngem talagan sa a natangken ti ulok ta uray mamalmaloak ket aramidek to manen ti madi nga inaramidko.
No dadduma, mangalaak iti samrid nga igges ket isu ti pangbutbutengko kadakuada. Adda pay tay agurgurigor ti butengna. Didak ngamin magawayan ta siak ti kapigsaanmi nga ubbing idi.
Naidakdakkelko dayta a kinasutilko. Idi damok ti maisagpat nga SK (YCAP kunada idi) ket nasutilak latta. Adda naminsan a panag-YCAP mi (napankam nagani a sanga bunggoy) ket idi ta madanon ti panagmeryenda, intugawko a nakakayang idiay sango ti sanga palanggana a suman a meryendaenmi. Inrantak daytoy ta kayatko a siak ti agiyawat iti tunggal mangan iti sangka-ilgat a suman, nangnangruna kadagiti medyo ub-ubbing met a padak. Medyo aprosak ngamin ti imada no mangalada ti kanenda. Tunggal adda umay mangala iti kanenna agkatkatawa. “Ne apay ngata nga agkatkatawada,” nakunkunak. No dagitay babbai, agikkis da pay! Nagbalawak. Kitaek iti sangoanak ket butbot met gayam toy inabel a sapinko! Ayna ket agrungrungarong met gayamen! Saan pay ngamin nga uso ti brief idi. Numona ket saan pay a natagbat diay lalatna! Nakamisuot pay laeng! Ayna apo ta kasta unay a bainko iti dayta a napasamak! Gapu iti daytoy, diakon napnapan pay kadagiti simmaruno a pang-YCAP mi agingga a diak natuli ta kanayondak met ngaminen nga awagan ti kakok! (Kakok ket maysa a klase ti tumaytaytayab a no aguni ket kasla “Tsupot! Tsupot! Tsupot!” kunana).
Sangapulo ket innem ti tawenkon idi ta mangrugiak metten nga agarem iti balasang. Ngem uray kasano ti kinasutilko ket kasta met ti kinamemmemko no balasang ti pagsasaritaan. Mabutengak a mangipudno ti ayatko iti maysa a balasang! Torpeak ti katotorpean!
Ni Lucring ti immuna ken maudi a nakursunadaak. Kanayonak a mapan lumablabas iti minalem idiay balayda. Sumrekak koma ta innak pasyaren ngem mabainak. Iti naminsan a sumipnget, kuntodo arwat ti namayak ta kinunak iti bagik a pasyarek ni Lucring ket ibagak iti sangon-sango ti pudno a kaririknak. Nagsisiimak pay laeng sakbay koma a sumrekak iti balayda. Nagpaigidak iti asideg ti bansagda. Kunam pay, bigla a napan ni Lucring iti bansag ket igge-iggemna tay bote ti gin nga adda pabelo na ta isu idi ti uso a pagsilaw. Sabali met ti napanunotkon. “Sukitek la ketdi babaen iti tammudok!” Nakunkunak. Insaganak ngarud ti imak iti baet dagiti basar ti kawayan a bansagda. Iti panangyasidegko ti imak, nagranitrit ti kawayan a napaddakanna ket naipit ti imak. Agikkisak koma idi ta nakasaksakit ngem mabukingak nukuan isu a diak lattan nagtagtagari. Amano met a nagarubos ti isbuna ket sinurotna ti imak agingga iti kilikilik! Apaunay ket nga angsegnan!
Kabigatanna, limtegen ti tammudok. Kuna ni tatang nga isbuak kano ta isu ti agasna. Ngem nabirbnirtud kano no isbu ti babai! Kunam pay sabali man ti napanunotkon. Inabangak manen ni Lucring iti bansagda iti sumaruno a sumipnget. Awan pay ngata lima a minutos, addaytan ni Lucring. Umayen umisbo. Insaganak ngarud ti tammudok tapno maagasan daras. Ngem sakbay nga agtugaw ni Lucring, bigla a rimmuar tay asoda a kaan-anak. Kinirabna ti patongko. Nabriat a naminpinsan ti pantalonko. Numona ket isu pay met ngarud tay kababaroan a pantalonko. Dakkel pay ti sugat toy patongko ta kasta unay ti panangiweswes tay asoda!
“Ana ngamin obram dita sirok ti bansag?” Kinuna ni tatang ni Lucring a di mo maawatan no makapungtot wenno makakatkatawa ta napigsa ti bosesna ngem nakaisem met.
“A-awan, tata. Nanglintegak lang ngamin ti pagnaak. Sige, agawidakon.”
“Agurayka, barok ta sumaenta dayta kinagat ti aso.” Kinuna ni tatang ni Lucring. Mannuma ngamin isuna.
“Saanen, tata. Kababain met.”
“Ana a kababain. Umayka ketdin ket baka ririennakto ni amam no diak agasan.”
Kunam pay, pinagpaklebnak iti kawayan a kama sana medyo inbaba ti pantalonko. Kasta unay ti ayek-ek ni Lucring. Ammok lattan a daytoy nangisit a patongko ti ay-ayekekan na. Ayna kasta unay a bainko.
Nabayag a diak napnapan inda Lucring ta mabainak unay iti napasamak. No masabatko ni Lucring, iyadayok ti panagkitak ta kanayon a bangbangir ti isemna no kasta nga agsabat kami.
Lima ngatan a bulan ti napalabas. Diak latta mailiwliwag ti ayatko ken Lucring. Tunggal rabii a malaglagipko isuna. Malaglagipko pay diay nakitak iti kawayan a bansagda. Ayna ket sabsabali ti ob-obraek no kasta nga agmaymaysaak.
Inkeddengko iti bagik nga ipudnokon ti panagayatko ken Lucring. Napanak nagpasyar balayda iti maysa a rabii. Pinastreknak met. Adu nga istorya. Malaglagipna di napasamak idi kaniak ket ad-adda metten a diak mairugi ti kayatko nga ibaga kenkuana. Kunkunana pay ketdi a no kano armen diay kaarrubami a naguapo ket sungbatan na kano. Dina kano kayat tay napugot ken leppap ti agongna! Dina met ketdi inderetso a dinak kayat. Ngem kasla siak ti puntirya dagiti balikasna. Kunam pay awanen a pulos ti naibagak.
Nabayag manen a diak napnapan nagpasyar idiay balayda Lucring. Ammo ni tatang a kursonadak unay ni Lucring ket ibagbagana nga innak kano pasyaren amangan no itaray tay guapo a karrubami. Mapmapan kano ngamin agpaspasyar kenkuana.
Inyinumak ngarud iti dua taog a basi sakbay a napanak nagpasyar iti sumaruno a rabii. Kunam pay, apagdanonko, inbagakon nga ay-ayatek ket kayatko nga isu ti agbalin nga ina dagiti annakkonto! Kas ket la naltotan iti nangegnan!
“Awan pulos ti sumgar a dutdotko kenka! Adda pay ketdin nobyok, isu a dikanton umay agpaspasyar pay ditoy!”
Kaslaak la nadigos a piyek iti nangegko. Nagar-arudokakon a nagawid.
Makatawenen ti napalabas ngem diak latta nailiwliwag ni Lucring. Uray kanayonnak a bastosen ket ay-ayatek latta. Gapu ta agasideg laeng ti balaymi, mamin-adu a sisiimek ni Lucring. Ngem diakon makitkita pay no mapan umisbo ta nabalbaliwanen diay bansagda. Addan banyoda ngem awan pay ti atepna.
Gapu ta adda dakkel a kaimito iti ngatoen ti banyoda, immuliak ta kayatko a siripen ni Lucring no agdigos. Ayna apo ta nagpintas ket ti pammaginan. Makagkagatko pay ket ti dilak no kasta a makitkitak. Masansan dayta nga ar-araidek.
Naminsan manen a bigat a napan nagdigos ni Lucring, dinarasko met ti immuli iti kaimito. Ayna ta nakapinpintas a talaga ni Lucring. Nakalinlinis ti kudilna. Gapu iti dayta, diak met nagawidan ti riknakon. Sinolokon iti rawis ti kaimito. Iti di mabayag, bigla lattan a narpak ti kaimito. Naipisokak iti banyo a nakababa ti sapinko ken nakatangad ni Juniorko! Kasta unay nga ikkis ni Lucring. Ket daytan immayen ni tatang na a nakaiggem iti balladaw a buneng.
“Ana ti ar-aramidem iti anakko. Nagawan ket a bainmon? Mangreypka a bigbigat! No dimo itakder ta dayaw ta anakko, dikan makaawid a sibibiag!” Kinuna ni tatang ni Lucring.
Diak nakauni ket nagtungtung-edak lattan. Kasta met unay a riri ni Lucring ngem inpapailit ni tatang na nga agkasarkami iti kabiitan a panawen. Apaunay ket ti buenaskon iti daytoy a napasamak. Ana pay no di nagkasarkamin ngem nabayag a di insuko ni Lucring ti banderana kaniak. Nupay kasta naurayko met laeng ket ne piton ti annakmi. Ita medyo likudakon ti langit ngem nalailo pay la ti maysa ken maysa kadakami ken Lucring!
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