The conduct of a person or group of persons shall be considered an act of a State under international law if the person or group of persons is in fact exercising elements of the governmental authority in the absence or default of the official authorities and in circumstances such as to call for the exercise of those elements of authority.
如果一人或一群人在正式当局不存在或缺席和在需要行使上述权力要素的情况下实际上正在行使政府权力要素，其行为应视为国际法所指的一国的行为。