The treatment of patients with MM was largely palliative until, with the advent of high-dose melphalan, high rates of complete response (CR) could be obtained. For previously untreated patients aged 70 years (amendment n°5)or younger, high-dose therapy (HDT) followed by treatment (amendment n°3) with growth-factor-mobilized peripheral-blood stem cells (PBSCs) have been demonstrated superior to conventional chemotherapy with not only higher CR rates but also significantly extending EFS and overall survival. Recently, the International Myeloma Working Group proposed new uniform response criteria to facilitate precise comparisons between new evolving treatment strategies. As a functional imaging providing parameters related to angiogenesis and disease activity in MM, DCE-WB-MRI might provide additional information on prognostically important microcirculation variables on a whole-body scale. It might also prove helpful in assessing treatment response and further treatment strategy decision for patients with oligo- or nonsecretory disease.