Only recently has data become available from another low-income country (Bangladesh) in which the benefit of maternal TIV vaccination was demonstrated by a 63% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5 to 85) reduction in laboratory-confirmed influenza illness in infants under 24 weeks of age in children born to mothers vaccinated with TIV and a 36% reduction in clinical illness in vaccinated mothers. There has, however, not been any study on the effectiveness of maternal immunization with TIV on influenza- associated morbidity and mortality either in the mothers or infants in African settings.