Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) are common, easily misdiagnosed, not investigated appropriately and are often harbingers of disabling strokes. A TIA is best defined as an episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal ischemia that lasts for less than 24 hours (very often less than an hour). Minor stroke (NIHSS of <3) is often lumped together with TIAs. The distinction between minor ischemic stroke and TIA is unimportant in terms of prognosis. Numerous studies have shown that short-term risk of stroke is high after TIA and minor ischemic stroke, particularly in the first few days, even in patients treated with aspirin, the current standard of care. In patients with TIAs and minor stroke effective therapies can significantly reduce the overall burden of stroke if initiated immediately. The recently completed CHANCE study comprising more than 5000 patients with TIAs and minor stroke showed that a short course of combination antiplatelet medications (ASA+clopidogrel) for 3 weeks significantly reduced the 90-day risk of stroke when compared to ASA treatment.