Subsequent to this pilot study, several series were published on the endoscopic use of TC-325. The pooled rate in the initial control of bleeding with the use of TC-325 was 89.6%. Rate of further bleeding after hemostasis was 19.2%. The reported series consisted of patients with different case-mix but exclusively non-variceal in etiologies. Indications for use of TC-325 also varied in these series. The powder was used as mono-therapy, in combination to other endoscopic therapies or as a rescue therapy when conventional endoscopic treatment failed. In the absence of comparative studies, the role of TC-325 remains undefined.