The study tested the hypothesis that motivational intervention would yield greater reduction in smoking-related indices, compared to a usual care comparison condition. The study also predicted that the motivational intervention would differentially impact on cognitive and behavioral mediating mechanisms that accelerate behavior change and maintenance. Finally, the study tested the hypothesis that the motivational intervention would yield greater reduction in household exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and therefore would also result in a significantly reduced number of children's respiratory illnesses.