In recent years, the incidence of infection caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen keeps increasing. The increase of MDR bacterial is a serious challenge for empirical therapy. Common empirical antibiotic may not cover MDR pathogen and is inappropriate for patients with infection caused by MDR pathogens, which finally increases mortality. A number of studies have demonstrated MDR pathogens are related to excess mortality, longer hospital stays and more treatment cost. Compared to infection caused by non-MDR pathogens, infection caused by MDR pathogens possesses higher mortality by 10% to 15%, longer ICU stays by 6 -10 days, and less appropriate empirical antibiotics by 50%. In addition, studies have shown that the treatment of infection caused by MDR pathogens is more expensive by $10,000-$50,000 than that by sensitive pathogens. Monitoring of MDR pathogens may find epidemiological trends, discover new MDR bacteria, evaluate risk factors and assess the effectiveness of interventions. Data of MDR pathogens has been available in Europe and the United States, however, is absent in China. By now, the features of bacterial resistance in different regions, hospitals, or in certain patients with exposure to antibiotics, still keep uncertainty.