A demonstration caries prevention trial lasting 26 months was conducted with a total of 219 children aged 6 to 27 months of age. The “prevention” group consisting of children 6-15 months of age at their initial visit were compared at the end of the trial with a “comparison” group at their initial visit. The comparison group was 12 months older than the enrollment age of the prevention group (18-27 months) and had not received previous routine professional dental care. Interventions were dental examination and periodic recalls, caries-risk assessments, monitoring of oral mutans streptococci (MS) levels, application of 5.0% sodium fluoride varnish to teeth, dental health counseling to care-givers, referral for dental treatment if indicated and periodic recalls.