Hemochromatosis may be suitable for detection and intervention through primary care or population-based screening strategies because: 1) it is relatively common; 2) it is asymptomatic in its early stages; 3) screening methods are reliable; 4) standard diagnostic methods are widely available in developed countries and relatively inexpensive; 5) it is easily treatable; and 6) if untreated, the subsequent burden of morbidity and mortality is substantial. The feasibility and benefits of such programs remain to be assessed, however, since the prevalence of the disorder and the factors related to its phenotypic expression (such as the optimal age for reliable detection and effective intervention) are unknown. Other questions needing to be addressed include public acceptability of screening and testing; sensitivity and specificity of the screening methods, particularly in non-Caucasians; optimal timing and setting of screening and testing; as well as the benefits and costs and/or other burdens associated with screening and testing.