1. Diagnostic Tool Chinese version of Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia- Epidemiology version (K- SADS-E) Development of the CK-SADS-E was carried out by the Child Psychiatry Research Group in Taiwan (Gau and Soong, 1999), which included a two-stage translation and modification of several items with psycholinguistic equivalents relevant to the Taiwanese culture. Previous studies have proved the CK-SADS-E to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess child psychiatric disorders in Taiwan. The CK-SADS-E has been widely used in a variety of studies on the mental illness of children and adolescents in Taiwan (e.g., Gau et al., 2005).