At any time, most neonates and infants with ARDS in medical intensive care units (ICUs) require mechanical ventilation, making it one of the most frequently used critical care technologies. However, difficulties with regard to the accurate diagnosis of ARDS before administration of mechanical ventilation, dynamic monitoring of treatment effects during administration of mechanical ventilation, and decision-making of timing in weaning from mechanical ventilation, are often encountered in the majority neonates and infants who require mechanical ventilation.