Diabetes group will be taken from (1)individuals visiting the Medicine Department at the Hamad Medical Corporation(HMC), Qatar for standard clinical care, (2)outpatient adult individuals seen at the HMCdiabetes clinics, (3)individuals who have participated in the following IRB protocol #s:0608008703, #0602008388 and HMC protocol #231, (4)ndividuals who attend clinics at the Qatar Diabetes Association (QDA), and (5)Individuals who work at the governmental ministries of Qatar. Controls will be obtained from volunteers without a history of diabetes. Family members of patients may be asked to participate in the study.