Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and NK/T-cell lymphoma are uncommon diseases that are prevalent in Asia. They are associated with poor prognosis when treated with conventional chemotherapeutic regimes. Their long term disease-free survivals are dismal with only 10-30% of patients surviving long term. More intensive regimens including high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant have been tried as primary induction treatment, but have not been shown to be beneficial. Given the rarity of PTCL and NK/T-cell lymphoma, much of the literature consists of studies with small sample size and anecdotal case reports. Therefore, no consensus exists on the best therapeutic strategy for either newly diagnosed or relapsed disease. The failure of conventional chemotherapy in this regard suggests that novel therapies including epigenetic approaches and proteasome inhibition should be explored.