c - Venous blood samples was collected on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 28 and on the day of any parasite recurrence. It was used for on-site G6PD testing and a full blood count and hemoglobin measurement in addition to preparing thick smears. Plasma samples were stored at -80°C (or liquid nitrogen) and shipped to the central laboratory in São Paulo for immunological measurements (antibodies, cytokines). The remaining whole-blood aliquots were cryopreserved for DNA and RNA extraction and CQ measurements (the later on days 0 and 28 and on the day of any parasite recurrence). The whole-blood samples collected on day 0 and on the day of any parasite recurrence were cryopreserved for ex-vivo drug resistance assays.