3. To evaluate the effectiveness, using a controlled trial, of a Motivational Intervention and Strengths-Based Case Management, compared to the CIU's "standard" referral process, by examining differences between the Standard, Motivational Intervention, and Case Management conditions on treatment linkage and engagement outcomes. The conceptual framework for this controlled trial is the well-studied Andersen model of access and health service use, modified for chemical dependency services (Andersen, 1995). The interventions are designed to affect mutable factors such as perceived barriers to treatment. Data will be collected at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months thereafter. Analyses will examine whether the interventions work better with different groups of clients (e.g. cocaine users versus marijuana users, males versus females, different ethnicities, etc); as well as different treatment modalities (standard outpatient versus intensive outpatient.)