STUDY DESIGN Description of Study Design The study will be a clinical non-intervention study and will not interfere with the standard anesthetic and perioperative care except for BIS monitoring and additional blood sampling from an indwelling line during and following anesthesia. One blood sample for genetic testing (3 ml) and 1.0 ml for baseline PK/PD modeling will be drawn from a venous line placed for clinical standard of care. The remaining 1.0 ml serial blood samples for pharmacokinetic modeling will be drawn from an indwelling venous line placed under anesthesia.