The study focused on two subsets of smokers frequently ignored by researchers and intervention programs: subjects who failed to quit with a cessation program and subjects who relapsed after achieving abstinence. The primary aim was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of an intervention tailored to stage of change (still smoking, abstinent, relapsed) that used extended contact, motivation, and efficacy building strategies to: 1) increase the percentage of subjects who achieved subsequent abstinence after failing to quit with a core group treatment; 2) decrease relapse rates; and 3) increase the rate of sustained recycling (i.e., maintained abstinence) following a relapse. The investigators also tested the extent to which the effects on abstinence were explained by the mediating variables of motivation and self- efficacy. Secondary aims included: 1) examining the role of several psychosocial variables in the maintenance, relapse, and cessation processes; 2) describing and examining longitudinal changes following smoking cessation; and 3) examining the long-term (beyond two years) effects of the study's intervention.