Participants will be men and women 18 years of age or older who are seeking medical treatment at the ED, have adequate English proficiency, are able to provide informed consent, endorse current (past 30 days) problematic use of one or more drugs, are willing to participate in the protocol (e.g., be randomized to treatment, participate in follow-up assessment), and have access to a telephone. Individuals will be excluded if they are incapable of informed consent, are prisoners or in police custody, are currently engaged in addiction treatment, reside more than 50 miles from the site where follow-ups are conducted, are unable to provide sufficient contact information, or have already participated in the study.