Preliminary studies have suggested that valproate acid (VPA) may promote neuron survival, inhibit apoptosis, decrease the neuron function deficit in cerebral ischemia, and promote the brain functional recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Besides, in the guide of prevention and treatment of epilepsy in 2007, VPA was one of the antiepileptic drugs which were suggested to prevent early epilepsy after TBI (less than 7 days).