Early detection of breast cancer through screening has been a common practice in the United States and several European countries for decades.It is effective in reducing the mortality of breast cancer and improving the postoperative quality of life of patients. Mammography has been the standard imaging method for the screening, and in recent years, a supplemental ultrasound exam is also recommended.A prospective, multi-center, randomized trial is needed to define an optimal screening strategy that suits Chinese women and the socioeconomics of China.