Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP-IV, Swanson et al., 2001) The SNAP-IV is a 26-item rating scale consisting of the DSM-IV symptoms for the Inattention (Item 1-9) and the Hyperactivity/Impulsivity domains (Item 10-18) of the criteria for ADHD, and the oppositional symptoms (Item 19-26) of the criteria for ODD. Several studies have used different versions of the SNAP, either parent or teacher form, as an outcome measure to assess the efficacy of treatment for ADHD (e.g., Steele et al., 2006). Regarding psychometric properties of the SNAP rating scale, the Chinese version of SNAP-IV showed satisfactory test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation= 0.59~0.72), internal consistency (alpha=0.88~0.90), concurrent validity (Pearson correlations = 0.56~0.72), and discriminant validity (Liu et al., 2006).