Myelosuppression with the standard docetaxel schedule of 75 mg/m2 administered once every 3 weeks is extremely frequent and severe; neutropenia occurs in 54% to 67% of patients and febrile neutropenia occurs in 1.8% to 8.0% of patients [5, 6]. Moreover, non-hematologic toxicities, such as grade 3-4 asthenia (12% to 18%), and nausea and vomiting (1% to 3.6%), are not uncommon [5, 6]. To increase tolerability of docetaxel, alternative schedules have been extensively studied. Accumulating evidence suggests that a weekly schedule of docetaxel (35 mg/m2) reduces severe and febrile neutropenia without decreasing antitumor activity [7-10]. Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed for anemia, thrombocytopenia, and non-hematologic toxicity [7]. For the same reason, a lower dose of docetaxel (60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) has been recommended in Japan [11, 12]. However, recent large scale trials with such a dose of docetaxel still revealed high incidences of grade 3 and 4 neutropenia (up to 82.9%) [12-14]. Different schedules of low dose docetaxel have not been studied, nor has a comparison been made between low dose docetaxel and the less toxic agent, pemetrexed.