Depending on whose published research is referenced, an estimated 68,000 to 136,000 people with ACS are misdiagnosed and discharged annually from our nation's emergency departments. The emotional loss to grieving family members is incalculable. The negative financial impact to families who lose their primary income providers and losses incurred by health care providers in legal expenses is also significant. Misdiagnosis of ACS is due, in part, to: