Added to this logic is support from a recent preclinical study at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) which compared routes of delivery for liposomal irinotecan (CED versus IV) and showed superior anti-tumor activity of CED administration in treating mice with intracranial glioblastoma xenografts. In total, such results indicate that liposomal formulation plus direct intratumoral administration of therapeutic are important for maximizing the anti-tumor effects of irinotecan and support the current clinical trial evaluation of this therapeutic plus CED route of administration combination.