Immunotherapy in prostate cancer Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in men. In recent years novel therapies have been studied extensively. Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed in men above 65 years of age. Depending on the severity of the disease, current treatment options for prostate cancer consist of active surveillance, prostatectomy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or chemotherapy. Up to one-third of patients with a localized tumor eventually fails on local therapy and progress to advanced-stage or metastatic disease within 10 years. Although the majority of patients initially respond to anti-androgens, most tumors become resistant within 14 to 30 months. For men with mCRPC the median survival in phase III studies range from 15 to 19 months. The chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel was for several years the only treatment option for mCRPC, resulting in a median overall survival benefit of two to three months compared to mitoxantrone. In the past five years second-line chemotherapy (cabazitaxel), second-generation androgen deprivation therapy (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and enzalutamide), cellular immunotherapy (sipuleucel-T), and a targeted alpha emitter (radium-223 treatment) have expanded the treatment repertoire for mCRPC.