Several important public health priorities for research in lung health and prevention were targeted in this study, including: (1) reduction of ETS exposure among children from low income families, a group that has had a particularly high prevalence of chronic ETS exposure;. (2) development and evaluation of an intervention that was specifically tailored to match the characteristics of smokers who were low in motivation to quit smoking, a group that constituted 80 percent of the lower SES smoking population, yet that had been largely ignored in smoking research; (3) smoking intervention with an underserved, low-income and ethnic population that had poor access to standard approaches to smoking cessation and a particularly high smoking prevalence (household smoking prevalence = 60 percent); and (4) assessment of the impact of reductions in household ETS exposure on the respiratory health of children in the context of a longitudinal study.