We will utilize a set of tasks designed to evaluate language at the levels at which clinical pathology emerges. We will combine hemodynamic (functional MRI) and electrophysiological (EEG, MEG) modalities to capitalize on the superior spatial resolution of the former and temporal resolution of the latter methods. Whenever possible the same task paradigms are used with both techniques. We will conduct crosssectional sub-studies, addressing specific questions in each of the disorders of interest; we will also conduct longitudinal sub-studies of recovery and neuroplastic reorganization in post-stroke aphasia.