The proposed study is a randomized intervention designed to examine the effectiveness of face masks alone and layered face masks and hand hygiene interventions for reducing transmission of influenza among students residing in University of Michigan residence halls during laboratory defined influenza seasons. Randomization will be by geographically separate housing unit. In the first year, residence halls will be assigned to each of the interventions and to the observed comparison to bring the total number of participants to 750 in each of the interventions and the comparison (total number: 2250). For year two, randomization was performed at the residence house level to increase clustering units and also aimed for 750 students in each intervention. Students living in each of the residence halls will be asked if they wish to participate in the study. Those giving informed consent will be asked to complete a survey each week to ascertain illness occurrences. When influenza illness is documented to be occurring in the University setting, the interventions will be implemented. During that period, the survey will be expanded to include questions on intervention use, as appropriate for the particular housing unit. Also during this period, those with illnesses meeting a case definition will be asked to provide specimens for virus identification. This collection will not be limited to those agreeing to the use of the interventions, since informed consent will be obtained for all specimen collections.