Most diabetes education studies are short term. The following are exceptions. Mulrow and colleagues conducted an intervention for low-literacy type 2 diabetics. Initial weight loss was not sustained at 11- month follow-up.46 Rubin and colleagues, however, conducted a coping skills training program that did demonstrate sustained benefits in terms of emotional well-being at one year.47 Studies such as those of Weinberger and Piette used continuing interventions.38, 48 Both of these studies demonstrated sustained improvement in terms of metabolic control and health-related quality of life.