Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by the pressure and consequent compression on the median nerve within a confined anatomical area at the wrist referred to as the carpal tunnel. It is very common and has an important socio-economic impact. The prevalence of CTS in the UK is 7-16%. Its incidence has been estimated at 88-125 per 100,000 in USA. Economic consequences include the direct financial implications of treatment and the indirect cost of absenteeism from the workplace. The median number of days away from work for CTS is among the highest at 27 days. In the US in 1995, between 400,000 and 500,000 patients underwent surgical decompression. This equates to an economic cost of in excess of $2 billion. CTS and hearing loss was found to account for more morbidity, measured by cases and working days lost, than any other illness in the US working population. CTS may also occur as a work- related disorder leading to compensation claims.