ASH has a high prevalence rates and considered one of the major modifiable risk factors for cardiac vascular diseases (CVD) and brain vascular diseases (BVD) and one of the most important public health problems. Researches estimated 62% of BVD can be attributed to ASH. In Brazil, prevalence of hypertension ranged from 21.6% in 2006 to 42.4% in 2011. CVD are responsible for high frequency of hospitalization, and in 2009, 91,970 hospitalizations due to CVD cost public treasury more than 165 million reais. ASH neurological pathophysiology studies has shown that excessive activation of sympathetic autonomic nervous system (SANS) seems to have an important role in genesis and maintenance of ASH, with current studies aimed to understand this relationship.