Preliminary findings already have shown that, in contrast to women with low scores on the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scale, women with high Ho scores exhibit greater cardiovascular changes to harassment. Additional findings have suggested that oral contraceptive (0C) use may also be associated with increased behaviorally-induced physiological changes, especially in low Ho women. Similarly, higher levels of total serum cholesterol (TSC) have been positively associated with greater stress-induced neurohormonal changes in middle-aged men with high Ho scores.