HPS is a universally fatal disease if untreated. In adults, the median survival has been reported to be less than 2 months if diagnosis and treatment is delayed2. Adult patients are treated with pediatric protocols with early institution of etoposide and steroids and consolidation with allogeneic stem cell transplant in appropriately selected patients if a familial form is identified 3. Other treatment strategies have been attempted, including rituximab4, infliximab5, entaracept6, tocilizumab7, and alemtuzumab8. These anecdotal reports highlight the therapeutic potential of cytokine-targeted therapies in this disorder.