In response to the Rehabilitation Research and Development (RR&D) Deployment Health Research, this study addresses the delivery of an evidenced-based vocational rehabilitation, specifically Individual Placement and Support (IPS), for Veterans who often face unemployment and mental illness as they try to recovery from illness and re-establish civilian life. This study provides the requisite evidence needed to guide VHA as to whether to expand the target population for IPS to all Veterans with a mental disorder, delivered directly within the primary care setting (i.e. Patient Aligned Care Team; PACT). Such modifications in VHA practice could substantially improve Veteran vocational rehabilitation access and outcomes, moving a significantly greater number of disabled Veterans back to full and productive lives in the community.