Controlled studies using the orthomolecular approach have been few (Deutsch, Ananth, & Ban, 1977). Those that were done were performed in chronic schizophrenia or in populations that included bipolar and schizoaffective patients. Both of these diagnostic groups are not today considered to benefit from the orthomolecular approach. Moreover, some negative studies of high-dose niacin were done in patients who were not otherwise given general counseling for good diet as described above. Therefore, this proposal is to study in a controlled manner carefully defined first onset schizophrenic patients using the protocol advocated by Osmond and Hoffer (1962). Patients can enter the study if they have been ill less than 1 year and are in their first hospitalization.