Patients were encouraged to come back to our facilities, or if necessary to contact us by cell phone (most patients or their parents had a cell phone), if they felt ill at any time during the follow-up period or had any question about the study. Participants unable to return to our facilities were visited at their homes to provide treatment, clinical revision and blood sampling. A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) (OptiMAL©) was applied to symptomatic patients at their homes. The thick smears of symptomatic patients with negative RDT were analyzed the same day and in the case of confirming a recurrent P. vivax episode, patients were immediately treated with T14.