As previously mentioned, obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction; however, OSAS independent of obesity is further associated with cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular metabolic dysfunction. Specifically, if untreated, obstructive sleep apnea in children may lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, poor school performance, hypertension, changes in left ventricular mass and geometry, endothelial cell dysfunction, arterial stiffness, autonomic dysfunction inflammation, and the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Thus, OSAS in the context of obesity may independently or synergistically magnify the risk of an already compromised cardiometabolic regulation.