The prospective study tested the hypothesis that higher levels of several novel risk factors (Lp(a) levels and apo(a) isoforms; homocysteine and related vitamins; Chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus; and C-reactive protein and fibrinogen) and traditional risk factors predicted higher risk of ASCVD in 925 incident dialysis patients recruited within three months of starting dialysis. Although these factors had been implicated in the etiology of ASCVD in ESRD patients, little prospective data existed. The cohort had already been recruited through a collaboration between Johns Hopkins and 80 Dialysis Clinics Incorporated (DCI) clinics; many of the important predictors and possible confounders had been measured. Long-term follow-up was obtained by extending mean followup of 2.4 years by four more years.