A school-based asthma self-management program was developed to promote children's self-management skills within predominately minority schools. A community-based asthma health worker program was developed to assist minority families in establishing and maintaining asthma health care within the community. It was hypothesized that the most effective control of asthma would be achieved with the combination of these two interventions. Twenty elementary schools each in inner-city Baltimore, Maryland and inner-city Washington D.C. served as study sites. Asthmatic children grades 1-5 were identified by school records and parent surveys. After obtaining consent, schools were randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups: 1) a control/minimal intervention, 2) a school-based asthma education program, 3) a community-based asthma health worker program, and 4) a combined intervention that included both the school-based education program and the community-based health worker program. The duration of both the school program and the Community health worker program was twelve months. Baseline measures were collected after obtaining consent and prior to school randomization. Followup measures were collected from children and families at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Data were collected on hospitalization, emergency or urgent care, acute episodes, health care utilization, medications, school absences, academic performance, self-esteem, self and family asthma management, and family coping.