For this purpose, in addition to supplementation of neuraxial blockade, use of short-acing opioid, such as remifentanil, has been advocated for cardiac anesthesia. Remifentanil is an ultra-short acting opioid and provides not only stable hemodynamics, as other opioid does, and but fast recovery, even after prolonged use in a large dosage. In further, recent investigations showed that remifentanil provides preconditioning effect in myocardial ischemia injury during cardiac surgery, as like in the use of volatile anesthetics including sevoflurane.