HCV viral load in PLHA is higher in both the plasma and the hepatic tissue, and the replication of HCV in macrophages, CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as in lymphnodes is also observed in such condition. TGF-β is particularly high in this coinfection, thus justifying the onset of faster fibrosis. The reduction of CD8 T lymphocyte response to IFN-γ also occurs, which favors the persistence of infection and prevents specific T-cell response. As regards HIV treatment, there is evidence that coinfected patients non-treated by HAART tend to present a Th-2 profile more often than treated individuals, without, however, significant differences in TGF-β levels.