Primary outcomes of the study related to health care utilization, medication use, and quality of life. A secondary outcome was the extent to which the intervention could be successfully implemented, and the reaction to the intervention by patients and providers. Extensive process data was collected, including a survey of providers whose patients were enrolled in the intervention, mailed surveys to members, feedback from members obtained immediately following the third intervention call, and an audit of those charts where the encounter was left open to determine what, if any, follow-up occurred. Participation at each round of calling was also tracked.