Streptococcus pneumoniae causes an estimated 10-25% of all pneumonias in the United States, and is responsible for an estimated 40,000 deaths per year. Invasive pneumococcal disease has a peak incidence of 235/100,000 among children aged 6-11 months. Pneumococcal meningitis carries a higher risk of death (15%) or neurodevelopmental impairment (12-28%) than Hib or Neisseria meningitides.