Efforts, including reminders and follow-up by community health center social workers, were used to keep patients active in treatment programs. The community intervention was directed by the co-investigator from Texas Southern University (TSU), an historically Black university located in the intervention area. He had extensive experience in community outreach. The intervention toward private physicians was directed by investigators from Baylor College of Medicine who had established clinical credibility in the physician community. The investigators from Baylor also had direct supervision over the physicians who provided care in the Harris County Hospital District (HCHD) public health care system. The HCHD was deeply committed to the project and had a high level of representation in all the planning phases.