There is some preclinical evidence that both the cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmitter systems play important roles in cognitive function in healthy individuals as well as those with mTBI and/or PTSD. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of two pharmacotherapies, one that predominantly augments cholinergic function (galantamine [GAL]) and one that augments predominantly catecholaminergic function (methylphenidate [MPH]), for reducing cognitive symptoms in individuals with TBI and/or PTSD.