Two subtypes of the glutamate receptor channels have been implicated in memory functioning, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and AMPA subtypes. In addition, facilitation of glutamatergic transmission has been shown to promote long-term potentiation, which is hypothesized to be involved in the encoding of new memories (e.g. 3,5). One might therefore expect improvements in new learning and memory formation with the manipulation of glutamate and aspartate receptors. In contrast, facilitation of GABA transmission induces amnesia, while inhibiting GABA transmission enhances information retention. Therefore, the inhibition of GABA should additionally enhance new learning and memory functioning. Modafinil accomplishes both of these neurochemical effects.