Assessments and outcome measures The insulin therapies were prescribed by a single physician in the clinic. The starting dose of BIAsp 30 (NovoMix® 30-pen, NovoNordisk) was 0.2-0.6 unit/kg per day in 2 divided doses according to level of glycemia in the intervention group. The control group received NPH/Reg insulin (from Exir pharmaceuticals, Lorestan, Iran) in a Ratio of 2:1 with initiation dose of 0.2-0.6 unit/kg in 2 divided doses. Two-thirds of the dose was given before breakfast and the remainder before dinner in NPH/Reg insulin group. Changes to oral glucose lowering drugs (OGLDs) at the time of starting the insulin analog, or thereafter, were entirely at the discretion of the participant and physician. Para clinical data were measured in a referral laboratory every three months. After an overnight fast of at least 12 hours, blood samples were obtained for measurement of fasting blood sugar (FBS) using a the glucose oxidase method, lipid profileswere determined using enzymatic methods. These measurements were conducted using commercial Parsazmun kits (Tehran, Iran) and a Hitachi 704 automatic analyzer (Tokyo, Japan)(Lentjes, Harff et al. 1987). HbA1c was measured using the high performance liquid chromatography method(Esteghamati, Jamali et al. 2010). Post prandial blood glucose (PPG) was measured two hours after breakfast using a glucose analyzer (YSI 2700 Select, YSI, Inc., Yellow Springs, OH).