The proposed project is a 3-group randomized, prospective trial with blinded assessments. Individuals presenting in the ED endorsing problematic drug use on screening will be randomized in 1:1:1 ratio to MSO vs. SAR vs. BI-B. Randomization will occur after screening, and those randomized to MSO will not receive further assessment until follow-up. The other two groups will receive baseline assessment, and assignment to SAR vs. BI-B will not be revealed until after the baseline assessment is complete. Those in the SAR group will then receive referral if indicated or requested, and those assigned to the BI-B group will be receive a brief intervention consisting of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) adapted for use in the ED, followed by referral if indicated or requested. The BI-B group will also receive two booster telephone calls, ideally within one week of the ED visit. Follow-up assessments of all three groups will be conducted face-to-face at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-enrollment.