Glutamatergic receptors are among the most promising biological targets for cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia. Abnormal glutamatergic signaling has long been thought to be important in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; specifically, reduced NMDA glutamatergic receptor activity on thalamic inhibitory neurons disinhibits glutamatergic neurons projecting to the cortex, which can cause secondary dopaminergic abnormalities and lead to characteristic symptoms, including cognitive deficits. Many electrophysiological (EEG) biomarkers related to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia are thought to be linked to deficient NMDA glutamatergic neurotransmission. Additionally, neuroplasticity is thought to involve glutamatergic signaling. This pattern of linkages suggests that correcting impaired NMDA glutamatergic transmission in schizophrenia could lead to enhanced cognitive function and learning.