Veterans Administration Patient Study: The progression of PAD was followed in patients diagnosed at the San Diego VA Medical Center from July 1984 to June 1989. Four non-invasive tests used in the initial diagnosis were repeated after a five year interval. The tests included segmental blood pressure flow velocity by Doppler ultrasound, post-occlusive reactive hyperemia, and pulse reappearance time. Risk factors examined for related to PAD included cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, lipids and lipoproteins, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, diabetes history, immunoglobulin E, and creatinine. The degree of concordance between PAD and carotid disease was evaluated using phonoangiography.