The principal hypothesis of this protocol is that, in the context of routine oral/nasal suctioning of infants, a higher concentration of chlorhexidine for peripartum vaginal and postpartum newborn cleansing results in reduction in maternal child transmission (MCT) of HIV. The in vitro data suggest that a higher concentration of chlorhexidine in the primary wash solution is much more likely to have a virucidal effect perinatally and thus reduce MCT.