At surgery, the operative procedures, time taken for anastomosis and total operating time will be recorded. After surgery, patients will be assessed for anastomotic leakage by a radiographic contrast (gastrografin) study to be performed on seventh postoperative day. Anastomotic leakage will be defined as a radiological defect at the anastomotic site or leakage of swallowed fluid out of the drain site or cervical wound. Other complications, including cardiopulmonary morbidity, septic complications, duration of hospital stay after surgery and operative mortality will also be studied. Operative mortality included all patients who will die within 30 days of the procedure or during the same hospital admission. Anastomotic stricture will be defined as failure to pass the esophagoscope through the anastomosis or anastomotic narrowing requiring dilatation to relieve dysphagia.