The Shanchol vaccine is licensed in India and the vaccine was prequalified by the WHO in 2011.The technology for vaccine manufacturing has been transferred to Shantha Biotechnics in India (now owned by Sanofi) by IVI. A large double-blind placebo controlled phase III trial by NICED and IVI has evaluated the efficacy of the vaccine produced by Shantha in preventing diarrhea from cholera in 70,000 people in Kolkata. An analysis of the phase III trial after three years concluded that the vaccine was 66% efficacious . Advantages of the Shanchol™ vaccine include that its cost is lower and does not require administration with buffer, thus making it more feasible for use in mass vaccination programs in resource poor settings.