All subjects consume a weight-maintaining diet containing 200-250 g of carbohydrate/day for at least three days before studies. Body weight must be stable in all subjects for at least 1 month before studies. No subject should participate in any heavy exercise. Each subject gives informed written consent before participating in the research, which was approved by the Human Investigation Committee of the Verona City Hospital. Measurements of standard clinical phenotypes are collected in all patients. Other diabetes related phenotypes may be collected if their determination is available.