Untreated OSA in children has been associated with childhood hypertension, autonomic dysfunction, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, poor school performance, and poor quality of life. These sequelae contribute to a 226% increase in health care utilization among children with OSA compared to controls. Residual OSA after AT in the pediatric population remains a serious concern; as the patient grows and changes, their airway physiology also changes. Although there is a growing body of research suggesting demographic and comorbidity risk factors for post-AT residual OSA, the ability to accurately predict the likelihood or severity of residual OSA for any given individual remains elusive. Possible tools for the evaluation of post-AT OSA in pediatric populations include radiologic examinations, cine MRI scanning, and endoscopic evaluation, along with polysomnography, validated questionnaires, and physical examinations. Determining what instruments best predict residual OSA after surgical intervention is an important step towards more effective OSA management.