220 brachial plexus injured patients who underwent the neurotization and 80 non-brachial plexus injury patients who underwent the orthopaedic operation were retrospectively reviewed. With using nerve electrical stimulator (Aesculap Nerve Stimulator GN 24, Tuttlingen, Germany), in neurotization procedures, phrenic nerve dysfunction is defined by no any diaphragmatic contraction was observed intraoperatively. The enrolled patients were classified into three main groups: (A) BPI patients with phrenic nerve dysfunction group, (B) BPI patients with normal phrenic nerve function group and (C) non-BPI patients group. In group A and B, we further subgroubed into: (1) for the right and (2) for the left side.