To prevent residual neuromuscular blockade and all the complications that it brings with it it could be resorted the use of anti-cholinesterase drugs (neostigmine) to antagonize indirectly the action of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. Neostigmine works by increasing the availability of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. The administration of neostigmine may however cause bronchospasm, abdominal pain, nausea, cardiac arrhythmias and can not be used if the neuromuscular blockade is deep. Recently the use of sugammadex, a new drug that can act as an antidote to a comparison of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants amino-steroidal (rocuronium, vecuronium) showed good clinical impact. This drug works by encapsulating the muscle relaxant molecule in the plasma with a high affinity and binding to the complex thus formed which is then eliminated by the kidney. Sugammadex is characterized by the absence of adverse effects at the recommended doses and may be administered at correct dosage, even at deep neuromuscular blockade.