Despite the 5-10% probability of lung cancer in smokers, 50% do not believe they are at significantly increased risk Despite this, over 80% of smokers would like to know their personal risk of lung cancer. RP Young, a clinician at University of Auckland, has show a three way link between biomarkers for COPD, a set of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lung cancer. He has demonstrated a strong correlation between a risk score (derived from family history of cancer, the 20 SNPs & clinical COPD) and the development of lung cancers whereas healthy smokers (who had not developed lung cancer) matched for age, gender and lifetime smoking habits had a relatively low risk score (n=446 lung cancer subjects, 484 healthy current smokers. The odds ratio for lung cancer risk varied from 0.2-3.2 depending on the genetic risk (p<0.001). The Auckland lung cancer risk score has a 90% sensitivity for a score of >4. The validity of 20 SNP gene test has also been confirmed in populations in Barcelona, Spain and Liverpool, United Kingdom. The test has been given the trade name "Respiragene".