Analysis Endpoints are presented in the dedicated subsection. Patients The reference study population consists of 368 patients (Evaggelismos Hospital, n=288/368=78.2%) with in-hospital cardiac arrest, who required epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to the 2005 Guidelines for Resuscitation. During CPR, VSE group patients (n=178) also received vasopressin and methylprednisolone and controls (n=190) the respective saline placebos. At 4 hours after CPR, there were 211 surviving patients (VSE group, n=115), who were evaluated for postresuscitation shock. One hundred three VSE group patients were then assigned to stress-dose hydrocortisone and 88 controls to saline placebo. One hundred two VSE group patients and 15 controls were actually treated with stress-dose hydrocortisone (n=117). One VSE group patient did not receive stress dose hydrocortisone due to pharmacist error; however, the patient did receive 40 mg of methylprednisolone during CPR.