Patients with heart failure display dyspnea on exertion, lower PCO2 and higher ventilatory response to exercise (V E -V CO 2slope), which demonstrated dysregulation of breathing in this disease category. Some of these patients develop further ventilation dysregulation pattern with ventilatory oscillation composed with exercise periodic breathing (EPB) and sleep apnea. Previous studies revealed the ventilatory oscillation was associated with cyclic changes in arterial oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) tensions, and also associated with severely impaired exercise tolerance, a steep V E -V CO 2slope, and low peak O 2 consumption, both correlated with the worse severity of heart failure and adverse prognosis. The origin of ventilatory oscillation might involved instability of the ventilator control system, which composed with prolonged circulatory delay, abnormal peripheral ergoreﬂex activation and peripheral chemo- and baro-sensitivity, even through abnormal autonomic reﬂexes to an altered central command. However, the most studies investigated these responses via sleep apnea under resting status especially those about brain. The real-time change response to exercise was limited to ventilatory parameters such as oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production. Whether the exercise periodic breathing response to exercise which lead to abnormal cerebral hemodynamic responses to exercise in HF remain unclear.