Our ability to improve outcomes in children and adults with AKI has been hampered by the inability to recognize AKI early in the disease process. Thus, the work on early non-invasive biomarkers of renal injury has brought great optimism to the field of AKI. Serum and urinary levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), urinary interleukin 18 (IL-18) others are markedly elevated several hours after AKI as opposed to serum creatinine which takes days to rise after the inciting event. Early non-invasive biomarkers of AKI have not been tested in neonates.