The specific aims of this project are: (1) to compare the impact of using the routine screening and GeneXpert algorithms for TB case detection on Tuberculosis (TB)- and HIV-related outcomes; (2) to compare the impact of using the routine screening and GeneXpert algorithms for exclusion of TB prior to initiation of IPT and ART on TB- and HIV-related outcomes; and (3) to assess the relative cost-effectiveness of the routine screening and GeneXpert algorithms for TB case detection and exclusion of TB. The GeneXpert is a "disruptive technology"10 that could allow TB/HIV programs in resource-limited settings to leapfrog over solid and liquid culture-based TB diagnostic algorithms, and to remove a key barrier to scale up of ICF and IPT.