Controlled studies using the orthomolecular approach have been few (Deutsch, Ananth, & Ban, 1977). Those that were done were performed in chronic schizophrenia or in populations that included bipolar and schizoaffective patients. Both of these diagnostic groups are not today considered to benefit from the orthomolecular approach. Moreover, some negative studies of high-dose niacin were done in patients who were not otherwise given general counseling for good diet as described above. Therefore, this proposal is to study in a controlled manner carefully defined first onset schizophrenic patients using the protocol advocated by Osmond and Hoffer (1962). Patients can enter the study if they have been ill less than 1 year and are in their first hospitalization. Our Beersheba Mental Health Center is the only hospitalization facility for Southern Israel, population of half a million. There about 2 thousand admissions to our hospital yearly and of those there are over 100 admissions with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder for whom this is the first lifetime admission to hospital and their first episode of psychosis.