Since ovarian stimulation is generally not a feasible option for young girls and adolescents, strategies for preserving fertility in these patients usually include ovarian cryopreservation, an experimental technology with some success in animal studies, recently resulting in few deliveries following human transplantations. Although the technique remains investigational, it is being increasingly offered to women undergoing cancer treatment. In prepubertal girls ovarian cryopreservation is the only option for potentially preserving ovarian function. As we and others have shown, it is probable that methods of ovarian transplantation with vascular anastomosis will be applied in the future.