The prevalence of OSA has been found to be particularly high in patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One study of veterans with combat related PTSD found that 67.3% of this population was diagnosed with OSA after undergoing polysomnography. This finding is consistent with those of Mysliwiec et al who found rates of OSA in 63% of post-deployment soldiers and 51% of active duty soldiers. Despite increased recognition of this association, there has been little progress in establishing a pathophysiological link between the two diseases, and no study to our knowledge examining the possibility that PTSD might drive the development of OSA. Furthermore, individuals with PTSD have been found to have significantly lower compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy than the general population, with claustrophobia, mask discomfort, and air hunger as the most commonly cited reasons for non-adherence. Despite this, studies have shown both benefit in sleep quality and PTSD related nightmares with OSA treatment. Alternative OSA therapies are therefore particularly important in this group, but will rely on determination of targets other than those treated by CPAP.