Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is an important cause of morbidity in solid organ transplantation recipients. Viral reactivation, either of donor origin or endogenous latent virus involves a complex series of steps. A number of factors contribute to the CMV reactivation from latency including exogenous immunosuppression, pre-existing host immunity, and cytokine dysregulation [1,2]. Symptomatic patients are classified as having CMV disease, which presents as a viral syndrome (fever, malaise) or as tissue invasive disease, such as hepatitis or pneumonitis. CMV can also have indirect manifestations due to an immunomodulatory effect of viral replication, resulting in other opportunistic infections and acute and chronic allograft injury [2-4]. CMV disease in organ transplant recipients is generally treated with a finite course of intravenous or oral antiviral therapy. However, the risk of recurrent CMV disease is estimated to be between 25-30% [5-7].