The hypoxia in OSA is characterized as chronic and intermittent, which leads to sophisticated adaptive mechanisms, like activations of transcriptional factors and critical signaling pathways. HIF-1 is a central component of transcriptional factors involved in hypoxia-induced transcription of specific genes. There are two subunits of HIF-1 transcription factor, which interact with the consensus hypoxia response element in the target genes. The HIF-1 alpha activity is regulated by proline hydroxylation modification and ubiquitination, which is oxygen-tension dependent. HIF-1 alpha target genes encode proteins that increase oxygen delivery, such as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF). Our oligo-microarray study showed both HIF and VEGF expression in OSA patients was 1.3 times of control group, which decreased to 46% and 57% respectively after one-month CPAP treatment.