Chronic transplant glomerulopathy (CTG) is a specific lesion of kidney transplantation and a poor prognostic factor affecting transplant survival. Diagnosis remains only microscopic and lesions are irreversible. Recent studies prove that there is a strong correlation between CTG and antibody mediated rejection (AMR) with a possible link with chronic aggression of the endothelial cell. However, for unknown reason, all AMR does not lead to a CTG. Our recent data on mice demonstrated that ephrin-B1 is expressed in the glomerular endothelial cells and knockout mice for the gene encoding ephrin-B1 develop progressively ultrastructural glomerular lesions close to modifications observed in CTG, as well as proteinuria and chronic renal failure, suggesting that ephrin B1 could participate to CTG. Moreover, in a preliminary study on human kidney transplant biopsy we observed decrease in ephrin-B1 immunofluorescence on glomerulus when CTG, even in low grade. These data, and ultrastructural modifications in Knock Out (KO) mice suggest that early regulation of kidney expression of ephrin-B1 in the glomerulus may occur during the process leading to the CTG as antibody-mediated kidney rejection (AMR).