Erlotinib, an orally-available epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI), significantly prolongs survival and produces significant symptom and quality-of-life benefits compared with best supportive care in unselected patients with relapsed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [15, 16]. In a large, phase III, placebo-controlled study (BR.21), erlotinib produced a survival benefit across all patient sub-groups studied [15].