Prior to implementing the NAC, the investigators (a) reviewed, adopted, piloted and revised existing asthma management educational and promotional materials, (b) worked with asthma care providers to gain their involvement in program planning and patient referral to the NAC and (c) adapted procedures from other worksite/community health promotion programs for working with Neighborhood Steering Committees and training Neighborhood Volunteers. General evaluation included (a) surveys of community awareness of and attitudes toward asthma, (b) dissemination and implementation, and (c) pre-post changes in symptoms, attacks, ER visits, and hospitalizations among all child participants in the NAC. These measures as well as kept appointments and serum theophylline levels less than or equal to 5 mg/dl were used in two controlled studies within the NAC to compare (1) children from study neighborhoods with children from socioeconomically comparable neighborhoods, all of whom received care through Children's Hospital of Washington University, and (2) children receiving care through two Centers serving other, socieoeconomically similar neighborhoods.