1) CPB application > 250 min, 2) transfused of packed red blood cell (pRBC) > 5 units, 3) post-CPB use of double inotropic support > 30 min , 4) post-CPB pacing, 5) IABP 6) IABP 7) postoperative hemodialysis, 8) excessive bleeding > 750 ml during postoperative 6 hour, 9) reoperation due to excessive bleeding.