Nitrous oxide has been shown to be a safe and effective agent for procedural sedation in children, including work that has combined opiates and benzodiazepines with nitrous continuously. Burton et al. conducted a small, randomized controlled trial studying the effectiveness of nitrous oxide on anxiety scores in children during laceration repairs. They found a significant decrease in the group that used nitrous oxide compared to the placebo group. This finding was further validated by Luhmann et al. with 50% continuous flow nitrous oxide resulting in less distress and anxiety as well as increased patient satisfaction compared to midazolam or topical anesthetic agents. The study also showed that the main adverse event associated with nitrous oxide was nausea and vomiting, whereas midazolam group had significant ataxia and dizziness. There was no demonstrable advantage of the combination of midazolam and nitrous oxide in regard to patient satisfaction versus nitrous oxide alone, but there was an increase in adverse events when midazolam was included.