The investigators 1) extended specimen collection, and follow-up, and instituted standardized review of ASCVD events; 2) characterized baseline associations of novel and traditional factors with each other, dialysis modality and dose, nutritional status, and ASCVD prevalence in the full cohort using a cross-sectional design; 3) determined whether baseline levels of risk factors predicted subsequent incidence of ASCVD events, and total mortality using a prospective cohort study design and tested a priori hypothesized interactions between risk factors and the risk of ASCVD; 4) studied the variability of risk factors over time using annual measurements in a random subset of 180 patients (subcohort) using a longitudinal design; and lastly, 5) used a case-cohort design, utilizing the subcohort, to test whether the most recent level before an ASCVD event, the baseline level, or the mean level of each risk factor was most predictive of ASCVD risk. Baseline data collection included a patient health questionnaire and a standardized review of comorbidity using dialysis chart records. Serum, plasma and DNA were stored at -80 degrees C. from patient visits at recruitment (month 0), and followup (months 1,2,3,6,12,8,24, etc.). ASCVD was assessed by review of hospital charts, patients and care providers questionnaires, and HCFA death forms.