To conduct clinical interventions directed at neonatal lung disease and injury, with a focus on infants having surfactant-deficiency or inactivation as a component of pathophysiology. A major emphasis was on the surfactant-deficient Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) of premature infants, and on acute neonatal respiratory failure in term infants with pulmonary edema and potential surfactant inactivation (ARDS-related).