You will return three to seven days later to the endodontic clinic and at that time, after rubber dam application, the temporary filling material will be removed and the tooth will be double sealed with permanent filling materials. This is an extra step that the investigators normally do not take for patients who need root canal treatment. A dental assistant or a dentist will call you to make an appointment at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months following completion of your root canal treatment to check the vitality of the tooth using an ice stick and closure of the root end. Checking the process of healing in your tooth is similar to what the investigators routinely do for our patients who require root canal treatment.