Little is known of the best approaches to manage the large number of patients with coexisting OSA and comorbid insomnia. Guidelines for best practice typically address these conditions separately, where positive airway pressure (PAP) is the standard for the treatment of OSA, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is considered first-line treatment for chronic insomnia. CBT-I is particularly recommended for insomnia in older adults, where adverse effects of sleeping medications are most problematic. Early adherence to PAP therapy (i.e., within the first week of PAP therapy) is one of the strongest predictors of long-term PAP adherence. However, adherence rates to PAP therapy in patients with OSA are low. In addition, CBT-I has not been widely implemented for treatment of insomnia (in part due to limited access to mental health specialists able to provide CBT-I), untreated OSA limits response to treatment of insomnia, and untreated insomnia negatively impacts PAP adherence.