Rivaroxaban is a new oral anticoagulant developing a potent anti-Xa activity. In major orthopaedic surgery, it has shown to be more effective and as safe as LMWH (Enoxaparin 4000 IU once daily) in THR and TKR patients (RECORD program). Up to now, pending the limited number of surgical settings in which it has been developed in orthopaedic surgery, it is only approved for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in THR and TKR procedures, which represent only 20% of all orthopaedic interventions. Non-major elective lower limb surgery and traumatology population is younger as compared to prosthetic orthopaedic surgery patients. Fewer VTE and cardiovascular events are to be feared. These patients receive quite often injectable thromboprophylaxis for a total duration lying between approximately 6 weeks to 3 months. In the one hand, the risk of major bleeding is low in this younger population. On the other hand, compliance and cost should be in favour of Rivaroxaban, because no injection and no platelets counts are needed.