Two recent studies demonstrate the benefit of antipsychotic therapy in non-ICU patients at high risk for developing delirium. (23, 24) In one randomized study of elderly patients undergoing hip surgery, a population at high risk for developing delirium, administration of oral haloperidol 0.5mg q8h decreased the average Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) Score (14.4 ± 3.4 vs 18.4 ± 4.3, p < 0.001), the duration of delirium (5.4 vs 11.8 days, p < 0.001) and the mean number of days in the hospital (17.1± 11.1 vs 22.6 ± 16.7, p < 0.001). No haloperidol-related side effects were noted. (23) A more recent placebo-controlled study demonstrated that the post-operative administration of a single dose of risperidone in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery decreased the incidence of delirium from 31.7% to 11.1% (p= 0.009). (24) It should be noted that neither of these studies enrolled ICU patients and the incidence of subsyndromal delirium at baseline was not measured.