Introduction Infection related to surgical procedure was always considered the main cause of mortality end morbidity in surgical patients. ATB prophylaxis has become the breakthrough in surgical praxis in terms of prevention of surgical postoperative complications (Surgical Site Infection - SSI) and radical improvement of surgical results. ATB prophylaxis prior to intervention procedures presents however 1/3 of costs for medicinal products and it is also potentially hazardous. Even single use of antibiotic agent can be a cause for development of nosocomial infection with indispensable mortality and costly treatment. Several recommendation in worldwide literature have been presented during the last 10 years which concerned indications and route of administration of antibiotics prior to scheduled or acute surgical procedure; indications for acute procedures broaden and it increases the consumption of antibiotics. Excessive pre-hospital and hospital exposure to antibiotics is however related to development of microbial resistance which shows in higher incidence of nosocomial infections (health care - associated infection - HAI) - urinary infections, pneumonia, catheter infection and another diseases such as Clostridium colitis caused by highly virulent type. Moreover some studies suggest bad compliance in dosing and timing of antibiotic prophylaxis which causes only the negative effect of prophylaxis without positive affection of SSI. This knowledge and disagreement led us to elaboration of protocol for prospective randomized placebo controlled study which could be the base for correct surgical praxis in investigator's conditions.