Over the past several years the HIV epidemic has changed from a disease primarily of younger, gay/bisexual, Caucasian men to one increasingly affecting people of color, women, and, of specific relevance to this application, the older adult. Indeed, the number of AIDS cases in individuals over the age of 50 has more than tripled over the last several years, with the CDC now estimating that in the United States 15% of all patients with AIDS are over age 50.1 There is reason to believe that the incidence, clinical manifestations and course of HIV-associated CNS dysfunction may differ as a function of age. Since the mid 1980's VA has been at the vanguard of institutions engaged in research and clinical care of HIV-infected adults. With specific regard to the issue of aging and HIV, HIV-infected veterans have tended to be significantly older than patients drawn from the general community. For example, at the West Los Angeles VA 303 of the 583 (52%) HIV-infected patients being followed by the Infectious Disease clinic are over the age of 50. Across the entire VA system, there are nearly twice as many HIV infected veterans over the age of 70 than under 30 years of age. 2 Yet, the vast majority of research conducted to date has been on younger adults - the degree to which such data will generalize to the older veteran population is unclear. Also unclear is whether advancing age confers an independent risk for cognitive impairment in HIV-infected persons. Additionally, the functional impact (i.e., impact on daily functioning such as driving ability, financial management, or medication adherence) of cognitive impairment in this group remains unknown. Exploratory studies performed in the applicants' laboratory have provided preliminary support for the hypothesis that advancing age will potentiate the deleterious neurocognitive effects of HIV infection. Given the "graying" of the HIV epidemic, particularly among the veteran population, research examining neurocognition among older HIV-infected veterans as well as the functional "real world" impact of such deficits is of great relevance to the VA mission. The results from this study could provide important insights into interactions of age and HIV disease, and will identify targets for intervention in advance of the burgeoning population of older infected persons.