Evolving paradigms in the treatment of adult ALL include the application of intense pediatric regimens to the treatment of adolescents and young adults (AYA) and the optimization of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the cure of patients. The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) and the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) first asked whether AYA between the ages of 16 and 20 fared differently whether they were treated on pediatric protocols. The results of this study demonstrated that although the complete remission rates were identical for the AYAs treated on the CALGB and CCG trials, the AYAs had a 63% event-free survival (EFS) and 67% OS at 7 years on the CCG trials compared with 34% and 46%, respectively, on the CALGB trials.