Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of death and disability in people with injuries and constitutes a major public health concern both in developed and developing countries. There are multiple clinical trials of hypothermia therapy for TBI conducted, however, with conflicting results. Subgroup analysis of most meta-analysis showed that therapeutic effect was significant when hypothermia was maintained more than 48 hours. We have previously reported a multicenter trial of mild hypothermia (33-35℃) for severe traumatic brain injury, in which 215 patients was randomized to long-term mild hypothermia group (n = 108) for 5 ±1.3 days mild hypothermia therapy and short-term mild hypothermia group ( n = 107) for 2±0.6 days mild hypothermia therapy. The results shown improved outcomes in patients with long-term mild hypothermia and similar frequency of complications. Therefore we concluded that long-term hypothermia, which maintains at 33-35℃ for 5 days, could be considered in the management of severe traumatic brain injury.