It is well known that myeloma patients with chromosome abnormalities are at higher risk because their disease tends to be more aggressive and does not respond to treatment as well as patients without chromosome abnormalities. When researchers at the Myeloma Institute looked at the results of Total Therapy II, they found that although research subjects with chromosome abnormalities had better outcomes (how many responded, and how long they survived) than those treated with standard chemotherapy; still their outcomes did not improve significantly with Total Therapy II, when compared to Total Therapy I.