Advances in early detection and increasing success of chemotherapy have made cancer therapy a curable disease. In children and adolescents with cancer, cure rates approach 75%. These cure rates are achieved in great part due to the use of intensive chemotherapy, and in some cases, radiation. The use of these treatment modalities is associated with significant toxicity, including the potential for gonadal damage and subsequent reduced fertility. Aggressive chemotherapy is, however, usually gonadotoxic and results in infertility in many pediatric patients. Ovarian damage is drug and dose dependant and increases with patient age at treatment. Increasing numbers of young cancer survivors are therefore experiencing infertility related to their past cancer treatment. Having children thus becomes an important issue for young cancer patients.