The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is increasing worldwide, reaching 5.2% in North America and 10.1% in Italy. The widespread use of computed tomography and ultrasonography have resulted in a greater detection rate of asymptomatic stones and, in part, might explain the trend. Clinically, kidney or ureteral stones range in severity from asymptomatic to presenting with complete renal failure. Therefore, it is not only the alarming incidence of urinary stone disease, but also the associated burden that makes this one of the most concerning conditions in public health.