The Stanford Three Community Study, conducted between 1972 and 1975, and the Five City Project (FCP) were designed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of such community-wide preventive approaches. Both the Three Community Study and the Five City Project have shown that risk factors can be reduced on a community-wide level, particularly smoking rates and blood pressure levels. These studies were congruent with other contemporary studies, such as the Belgium Heart Disease Prevention Project and the North Karelia Project.