While angiotensin plays the major role in glomerular hemodynamics there is increasing evidence that aldosterone plays a significant role in renal hemodynamics independent of angiotensin. In a remnant kidney model in the rat Greene et al showed that there was greater than 10-fold rise in aldosterone in the remnant kidney rats (REM) compared to SHAM operated ones. As expected, the proteinuria, hypertension and glomerulosclerosis in the REM rats were attenuated with treatment with ACE-inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blockers (REM AIIA). However when these rats (REM AIIA) were treated with aldosterone infusion the proteinuria, hypertension and glomerulosclerosis seen were similar to REM alone rats, suggesting deleterious renal hemodynamic effects of aldosterone independent of angiotensin II. Use of spironolactone in these rats transiently reduced proteinuria and lowered arterial pressure.