Under general anaesthesia, the patient is placed in the modified dorsal lithotomy position. The patient is then prepped and draped in the usual fashion for an abdominal & vaginal procedure. A vaginal speculum is inserted into the vagina to expose both the cervix and posterior fornix. A uterine manipulator is inserted in the uterus in non-pregnant patients, followed by placement of a Foley's catheter in the bladder. As regards port placement, a 10-mm umbilical trocar & two 5-mm trocars in right & left lower quadrants are inserted.