History of epilepsy, medications or psychoactive drugs that can lower seizure threshold [imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, foscarnet, ganciclovir, ritonavir, amphetamines, cocaine, (MDMA, ecstasy), phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust), ketamine, gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB), alcohol, theophylline]. Withdrawal from alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, meprobamate, chloral hydrate. Patients who are pregnant or have suffered from a stroke-related seizure.