Adult AML is a difficult-to-treat illness because of both biological and therapeutic reasons. Most patients are aged >50 years and/or present with comorbid conditions and/or display high-risk AML-related features (poor risk, cytogenetics, prior myelodysplasia, secondary AML). This results in unsatisfactory response to conventional first-line therapy and makes it difficult to apply the most effective post-remission consolidation options (allo-SCT in younger patients with HR features, autologous blood stem cell transplantation and high-dose cytarabine-based therapy in the remainder).