Over 180,000 new cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year, making prostate cancer the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. With an estimated 28,660 deaths occurring in 2008, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. In Kansas, prostate cancer is also the most frequent cancer among men and ranked third (253 deaths in 2006) behind lung cancer (884 deaths in 2006) and colorectal cancer (273 deaths in 2006) in cancer related mortality. Despite the significant morbidity and mortality related to this disease, screening and treatment approaches remain controversial and there is significant morbidity related to the treatment of early stage disease. Preventative strategies and strategies which identify patients at highest risk are needed desperately.