According to the Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes, which is consistent with IDF Clinical Guidelines Task Force Global Guideline for Type 2 Diabetes, the therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes is defined as HbA1C < 6.5%. Various national surveys conducted in China in 2003, 2004, 2006 have shown that only about one forth of type 2 diabetes patients in China reached this therapeutic target.Over the recent few years, a number of new antidiabetic treatments, such as DPP-IV inhibitors, have been introduced to the real world practice of diabetes management in China, creating exciting opportunities to potentially improve glycemic control. UKPDS (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study) provided the evidence for improving glycemic control through aggressive treatment in western population. There is now substantial evidence on management of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it is believed that not all patients have benefited from optimal diabetes management in China, partially due to diversity of standards of clinical practices and complexity of diabetes care itself. For example, it is unclear which treatment regimen works more effectively for managing newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients or whether a more aggressive strategy be used during the early stage of treatment. Moreover, it remains answering that what other factors may influence the treatment outcomes. There are clearly significant unmet needs and thus significant opportunities to leverage the existing medical advancement.