Varicella infection is one of the common childhood infectious disease. While usually self-limiting, a case of varicella can develop complications -sometimes potentially serious- requiring hospitalizations including secondary bacterial infections (mainly at the skin and skin structure), respiratory complications (pneumonia or exacerbation of asthma), neurological complications (encephalitis and cerebellitis). Most hospitalizations for varicella occurred in children who were previously healthy and can cause significant long term sequele and mortality in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised children. Incidence of varicella and related hospitalization rates changes according to climates and also the presence of vaccination. WHO recommended that routine childhood varicella vaccination be considered in countries where the disease is a relatively important public health and socioeconomic problem however live attenuated varicella introduced to the childhood immunization programmes in Australia, Canada, Germany, Greece, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, United States, Uruguay, and parts of Italy and Spain. Clinically and statistically significant reduction in varicella-related hospitalizations for children and adults associated with childhood varicella immunization and a corresponding significant decrease in hospital charges.