Pregnancy, liver disease, pulmonary disease, renal insufficiency, coronary heart disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, coagulopathy, disease predisposing to vasculitis or Raynaud's phenomenon, bleeding disorders, kidney stones, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, family history of hemochromatosis/iron overload, platelet count less than 150,000/ml blood, prothrombin time/partial thromboplastin time (PT/PTT) greater than 1 second above the normal range, inability to give informed consent for all procedures, and positive tests for HIV, or hepatitis B or C.