Background: Fistula in ano is one of the most common diseases of the ano rectal region. Treatment of Fistula in ano has puzzled the medical fraternity due to its complex nature. Commonly prevalent surgical treatment for anal Fistula, that is "Fistulectomy" does not provide successful cure for the disease, post operative complications and recurrences being common. Acharya Sushruta an ancient Indian Surgeon has described in his text ' Sushruta Samhita' about an ancient Ayurvedic technique of medicated thread called Ksharsutra treatment for Bhagandara ( Fistula in ano). Treatment of anal Fistula (Bhagandara)and Nadi-Vrana(Sinus) with Ksharsutra was practiced by Sushruta (1000-600B.C.) .