2. CO2 pneumoperitoneum and inflammation Different immune mediators were already evaluated during laparoscopic surgery. On peripheral blood interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, histamine response, total leukocyte counts and T-lymphocyte populations, delayed-type hypersensitivity and neutrophils activation and function were evaluated. Local peritoneal host defences such as macrophage activation and function and leukocyte function have also been studied.