The cell-mediated immune response after influenza vaccine has been only assessed in one study involving solid organ recipients. Mazzone et al. evaluated in 43 lung transplant recipients and in 21 healthy controls. IL-2, IL-10, IFN-, and granzyme B levels did not increase from pre- to post-vaccination in the lung transplant group. Both pre- and post-cytokine levels were lower in the transplant group compared to the control group.