Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) represent a class of compounds currently used for the treatment of type 2 DM that exert their hypoglycemic properties through reduction of IR [26]. These agents act by stimulating a certain type of nuclear receptor, called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR ). Such receptors are abundant in adipose tissue cells, but they are also present in various other cell types, such as vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, colon epithelial cells, as well as renal glomerular and tubular cells. Through transcriptional regulation of various genes, PPAR receptors play an important role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism [26]. Apart from improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 DM, several lines of evidence support the notion that TZDs have beneficial effects on other components of the metabolic syndrome, such as blood pressure (BP) lowering, triglyceride reduction, high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol elevation, redistribution of body fat away from the central compartment, decrease of C-reactive protein and plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) levels, and others [26].