DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Histologically confirmed primary non-small cell lung cancer that is completely resected No mixed small and non-small cell histologies Pathologic T2 N0 or T1-2 N1 T1 N1 and T2 N1 only for CALGB institutions Removal of all gross disease with negative resection margins by lobectomy, sleeve resection, bilobectomy, or pneumonectomy (based on intraoperative findings) No segmentectomy or wedge resection Complete mediastinal lymph node resection or sampling required at primary tumor resection, with minimum levels of nodal sampling as follows: Primary in right upper lobe - levels 4, 7, 10 Primary in right middle lobe - levels 4, 7, 10 Primary in right lower lobe - levels 4, 7, 9, 10 Primary in left upper lobe - levels 5, 6, 7, 10 Primary in left lower lobe - levels 7, 9, 10 If complete mediastinal lymph node resection has not been undertaken, any mediastinal lymph node which measured 1.5 cm or more on presurgical CT scan must have been biopsied and found to be free of metastatic involvement Disease at nodal station 10 (tracheobronchial angle) is considered N2 disease for this trial and is not eligible No more than one discrete primary tumor No bronchoalveolar carcinoma with lobar or multilobar involvement Discrete solitary radiological mass or nodule eligible Snap frozen fresh primary tumor tissue must be submitted to Lung Cancer Tumor Bank within 14 days after surgery by selected Canadian centers Others to submit representative paraffin block within 2 months of surgery