OUTLINE: Patients undergo preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-NMRSI), and conventional contrast MRI over 2 hours followed by neurofunctional motor and/or language neurofunctional testing. Intraoperatively, patients undergo corticography consisting of awake language mapping and motor cortex stimulation. Patients undergo repeat imaging and neurofunctional evaluation at 2 weeks following surgery and prior to any radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Patients also undergo neurological and neuropsychological testing consisting of basic gait, motor coordination, reflexes, hand motor, tongue motor, and language evaluation to measure baseline, preoperative, and postoperative clinical status and outcomes. Patients are followed every 4 months for 1 year.