The intervention consisted of three rounds of calling, spaced ~five months apart. Calls consisted of a brief series of questions to assess (1) recent emergency department or hospital care without a follow-up visit, (2) current level of asthma control, (3) current patterns of asthma medication use, and (4) whether the member could identify a primary provider for asthma care. (Sel-identified COPD patients received an abbreviated intervention but were kept on the call list unless a diagnosis of COPD was subsequently added in thier EMR.)