Women presenting for delivery will be asked about recent malaria and other symptoms. Thick blood smears will be made from maternal peripheral blood, placental and umbilical cord blood. The newborn babies will be weighed with digital scales. At the onset of labour, the HIV sero-positive women will be treated with a single dose of 200mg Nevirapine and their newborn babies will also be treated with a single dose of 2mg/kg (or 0.6ml) Nevirapine within 72 hours after birth.