The distribution of each measured variable will be assessed graphically and with diagnostics. Descriptive variables and confounders will be compared between ileostomy and TAC groups using two sample t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum, and fisher exact tests for normal, right-skewed and categorical variables, respectively. A logistic regression model predicting exposure (TAC vs. ileostomy) will be created with potential confounders outlined above (surgeon and patient factors) and a propensity score will be created for each individual. A logistic regression model will then be fit for the main outcome, with the main predictor being intervention, and the propensity score included as a second co-variate to control for confounding. Alternatively, we may choose to match on the propensity score. The impact of ileostomy on mortality will be expressed as an odds ratio (95% CI). Secondary analyses (considered exploratory) will compare 30 day morbidity, 90 day all-cause mortality, length of hospital stay and rate of GI restoration for ileostomy and TAC. A subgroup analysis will be performed for ileostomy patients who were converted to TAC. The historical control arm will be analyzed separately and should they be similar to both groups will be compared to them.