For those whose AH do not respond to medication, non-surgical brain stimulation (NBS) has recently shown promise as a therapeutic intervention. Specifically, the use of conductive electrical approaches termed transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). One method of tES that has received renewed interest due to its high portability, safety, and modulatory effects is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). tDCS involves applying a weak electrical current using saline soaked electrode sponges, causing either increases or decreases in cortical excitability, respectively. Research has shown in both healthy subjects and patients (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and depression) that tDCS has the potential to modulate synaptic and neurotransmitter-dependent plasticity underlying changes in behavior and learning. Brunelin et al utilized tDCS to successfully reduce MRAH in a population diagnosed with schizophrenia. They were able to reduce AH by approximately 30% in their sample after 5 days of twice-daily treatment and this effect was maintained for approximately three months following treatment. This finding has yet to be replicated in a similar study.