Tuberculosis remains an enormous public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The WHO estimates that 8.8 million new cases of tuberculosis occurred worldwide in 2005, along with 1.6 million TB related deaths. New challenges in TB control include the HIV epidemic, as well as the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR) strains of tuberculosis which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. While cure rates for drug susceptible TB can reach the >90% range given the appropriate infrastructure to diagnose and treat patients, cure rates for MDR-TB are much lower and, at best, approach 60% according to the latest estimates by WHO. In many parts of the world, second line drugs to treat MDR-TB are not available. Not only is there an urgent need for novel TB treatment regimens, but adjunctive therapeutic modalities need to be explored with the goal of maximizing clinical response for both patients with drug susceptible and drug resistant disease.