It is estimated that 75 percent of immune function is localized in the gastrointestinal tract, which may explain why oral administration of probiotics is an excellent tool for immunomodulation [Olah, A. et. al. 2002]. In a study of 45 patients with acute pancreatitis, 22 were given probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299 and 10g of oat fibre with regular enteral nutrition; and 23 were given a placebo in the form of regular enteral nutrition. Significantly fewer (n=1 versus n=7) patients in the probiotic/fibre group experienced septic complications requiring surgery, highlighting the safety and potential hospitalized benefits that could be accrued for critical care nutrition.