Introduction The daily application of estrogen in the vagina can improve the hydrogen potential (pH), vaginal dryness, burning sensation, dyspareunia, and urinary symptoms. Dyspareunia is highly prevalent after menopause as well as in women after gynecological and breast cancer treatment. However, prescription of topical estrogen therapy (THT) to these women is still controversial, and they are allowed to use only moisturizing cream and vaginal lubricants.