The researchers calculated the minimum sample size of 64 patients in each group for 90% power and 95% confidence. In the calculation the researchers assumed that the mean weight gain in the control (HEM) group would be 10.1 g/kg/day with standard deviation of 4.4g according to results of a study by Diop in Senegal; and assumed that the mean weight gain in the RUTF group would be 12.63g/kg/day (25.05% effect size)