Background: Lenalidomide-based regimens are a key component of the armamentarium for initial treatment in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Real-life data shows CR rates that are comparable to or slightly higher 1than those seen in prospective clinical trials. This variable response is a result of differences in clinical settings and patient and disease characteristics, but in theory, also may be due to variable adherence to lenalidomide. The development of oral anticancer therapies, such as lenalidomide, represents a significant step forward in oncology care by providing patients with convenient treatment of proven clinical efficacy, but also presents healthcare professionals with the challenge of monitoring and maintaining patients' adherence to this therapy.