Characterisation of pancreatic cystic lesions is usually made by a combination of noninvasive cross sectional imaging and where necessary, endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUSFNA) of tissue and/or cyst fluid. In those undergoing EUSFNA, fluid aspirates for cytology are obtained in up to 80% of cases but samples frequently have a low cellularity so sensitivity for diagnostic cytology ranges between 31% and 85%. Pancreatic EUSFNA is a safe test, with complication rates (mainly pancreatitis, rarely infection and bleeding) occurring in approximately 12.4%. Our own published complication rates demonstrated a 0% mortality and 0.6% morbidity (mild acute pancreatitis).