Other groups have studied the neurological predictive values of biomarkers after OHCA. A variety of proteins including S100B, neuron-specific enolase, and G-FAP, co-peptin, Tau, neurofilament light/ heavy chain, and secretoneurin have been proposed as potential biomarkers of neurological outcome at OHCA. Unfortunately, many of these have been shown to have several drawbacks. For example, some lack specificity due to being released during resuscitation (e.g., S100B is found extracerebrally in muscle, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, creating a confounding factor in CA patients receiving chest compressions). Others have lacked sufficient sensitivity in the prognosticating of neurological outcome (ref). Furthermore, there is a paucity of human studies in cardiac arrest on newer biomarkers that have been studied in other acute brain injury disease processes that could potentially serve as candidate biomarkers predicting neurological outcome at post cardiac arrest hypoxic brain injuries. Biomarkers such as UCH-L1, SBDP, and MBP have not been studied in a OHCA cohort.