Inclusion criteria included maternal age 18-40 years, 1st trimesteric pregnancy loss with gestational age 12 weeks or less (diagnosis was confirmed using transvaginal ultrasound according to the following criteria: Crown-rump length {CRL} of 7 mm or more and no heartbeat, Mean sac diameter {MSD} of 25 mm or more and no embryo, absence of embryo with heartbeat 2 wk or more after a scan that showed a gestational sac without a yolk sac and absence of embryo with heartbeat 11 days or more after a scan that showed a gestational sac with a yolk sac)* & closed firm cervix. Exclusion criteria included evidence suggesting spontaneous onset of abortion (vaginal bleeding or and uterine cramps), previous trial to induce abortion or the use of any cervical ripening agent during the current pregnancy, presence or suspicion of septic abortion (fever > 38 C, offensive vaginal discharge & leukocytosis), Uterine anomalies or history of any cervical surgery or manipulation. For all patients, full history was taken followed by complete physical examination (including cervical assessment), transvaginal ultrasound (to confirm early pregnancy loss) & routine preoperative investigation. Patient is then randomized to one of the three groups (using computer generated random numbers) and accordingly the investigator gave her either 2 tablets of misoprostol 200ug (misoprostol group) or 2 tablets of Effox 20 mg (Effox group) or 1 tablets of misoprostol 200ug & 1 tablets of Effox 20 mg (Combination therapy group). For all participants, the route of administration was the intravaginal route (tablets were places high up in the posterior fornix of the vagina. Only patients were blinded to the nature of the tablets. 4 hrs later, the patient was admitted to the operating room for surgical evacuation with the following technique: under general anesthesia & after assessment of cervical consistency (soft or firm) & dilatation (tested by the number of the largest Hegar's dilator passed without resistance), ultrasound-guided suction evacuation was done followed by fine curettage using the appropriate size curette. All participants were monitored for any changes in vital signs (every hour), occurrence of headache & severe abdominal cramps since the onset of drug administration till 6 hours postoperative. 1ry outcomes included cervical consistency & dilatation immediately before the procedure. 2ry outcomes included total duration of the operation and the occurrence of drug-related side effects namely high temperature (38 or more) and severe abdominal pain for the misoprostol or headache and low blood pressure for the Effox.