If our pilot study is validated by the proposed randomized clinical trial in this grant application, a new parameter for control of postprandial glucose will become available for the patient with type 1 diabetes. To date, this concept has not been utilized by healthcare providers because no one has demonstrated that Timing will result in a reduction of A1C. Our proposed grant application is designed to obtain the data that will make the use of Timing an integral part of a glucose control algorithm. Our results are not restricted to type 1 diabetic patients who utilize insulin lispro since all of the short acting insulin analogs exhibit approximately the same absorption insulin profile (26), Participants will remain on their current insulin regimen. If our hypothesis is proved correct, i.e., that the correct Timing of the premeal insulin bolus will reduce the A1C by an average of 1% in type 1 diabetic individuals with A1Cs between 7.0% and 9.0%, then according to data generated by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, a significant reduction in the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes will occur. In addition, the successful completion of this study will provide a stimulus to examine the Timing of premeal insulin in other groups of diabetic patients, including type 2 diabetic patients on insulin therapy, pregnant women with gestational diabetes, and children with type 1 diabetes. Finally, in this day and age of continuing increases in health care costs, the inclusion of Timing will not add any additional financial cost to the diabetic patient's intensive insulin therapy regimen.