Our pilot data are the only data available in the literature that assesses the effect of timing of the pre-prandial short acting insulin dose. As detailed above, this pilot study was short term so did not include any assessment of changes in A1C. Since A1C is the primary endpoint in the proposed study, we had to estimate the change in A1C that would have occurred with the changes we observed in the integrated postprandial excursion (figure 1 above). Assuming that the postprandial glucose excursion is responsible for 50% of the A1C value (above the normal concentration of 5.5%) as has been estimated in type 1 diabetic patients (16,17), then the variance and mean change in integrated glucose excursion was used to estimate the change in A1C that would be expected in the proposed study. From this data, we calculated that an improvement of A1C of 1% (the difference in A1C between the control Arm A and the intervention Arm B would require 16 subjects per group to provide a power of 90% to detect this difference at a p<0.01. In order to control for a maximum drop out rate of 20%, we will recruit and randomize a total of 40 volunteers for each group (a total of 80 subjects).