Dr. Giovannini evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of pCLE for cholangiocarcinoma detection, on 37 patients with biliary or pancreatic strictures. The CholangioFlex confocal miniprobe was introduced in the bile or pancreatic ducts using a catheter, and strictures were imaged. Tissue sampling was then performed at the same location. In this study, the overall pCLE accuracy was 86% (vs. 53% for histology), the sensitivity and specificity of pCLE were 83% and 75% respectively compared to 65% and 53% for histology.