Most SSIs that do not involve implants are diagnosed within 3 weeks post--operatively . SSIs lead to increased hospital stay, cost, and risk of death. The cost attributable to SSI range from $3,000 to $29,000 per SSI per patient depending on the type of operation; thus, the total annual cost approximately reaches the $10 billions. On other analyses documented nearly 1 million additional inpatient-days and $1.6 billion in excess costs , as well as up to twice the costs of a patient without SSI. Moreover, SSIs increase mortality risk by 2 to 11 fold 11, while the 77% of deaths in patients with SSI are attributed directly to the SSIs. Several organizations have put forth guidelines for definition and recommendations to decrease their incidence. Attempts have been made to stratify patients into various categories on the basis of the type of surgical procedure and risk factors the patients have, including diabetes, malnutrition, and hypoxemia. These systems have been used to develop criteria for the prevention of wound infection.