All probing measurements will be taken using the University of North Carolina probe. One investigator who is unaware of group assignment will perform all baseline examinations and all follow-up examinations. He will be calibrated prior to study initiation to assure that evaluations are consistent. The surgeon will perform all surgical procedures and will know the group to which each participant has been assigned. Standardized periapical radiographs will be taken at implant placement and at the 4-month examinations.