It will be a staging baseline (before any treatment). Patients candidates for pRT and/or CT will be recorded. After the end of pRT and/or CT patients will restage at 7-8 weeks. If there is no evidence of response to therapy, it will proceed to surgery standard (TME), while for patients who show mCR or cCR, there is a second restaging after 11-12 weeks after the end of pRT and/or CT. At the end of this second restaging, the patient will be enrolled in the rectum-sparing protocol if it shows a mCR or cCR, otherwise it will be a candidate for conventional surgery (TME).