Documented micronutrient supplementation other than vitamin A in the preceding month Less than 60% of mean weight for age by NCHS guidelines (micronutrient intervention obligatory according to WHO guidelines for management of severely malnourished children) Persistent diarrhea (>=7 days) at the time of study enrollment Exclusive breastfeeding Infants in whom a second confirmatory HIV test cannot be obtained (when required) Co-enrollment of the infant in other clinical intervention trials e.g. antibiotic or vaccine trials