- Cancer. Pulmonary or renal failure. Unstable angina. Uncontrolled hypertension (> 190/110 mmHg). Brain injury. History of seizure or a family history of epilepsy. Metal anywhere in the head except the mouth. Cardiac pacemakers. Cochlear implants. Implanted medication pump. Heart disease. Intracardiac lines. Increased intracranial pressure, such as after infarctions or trauma. Currently taking tricyclic anti-depressants or neuroleptic medication. History of head trauma. History of respiratory disease. Dementia (Montreal Cognitive Assessment < 26; Frontal Assessment Battery < 13). Orthopedic or pain conditions. Pregnancy.