− cardiac arrest − problem with the heart valve or heart lining (mitral insufficiency, pericardial effusion) − blood clot in the vein (venous thrombosis) − blood clot in the blood vessel (thrombotic embolisation) − fluid between heart lining and the heart (cardiac tamponade) − rupture in heart muscle − internal bleeding in the abdomen (retroperitoneal bleeding) − bleeding in the brain (cerebral haemorrhage).