- age < 16 years, preterm (< 37 weeks) delivery, multiple gestation, symptomatic anemia necessitating blood transfusion, significant fetal anomalies or infant not discharged with mother for other reason, preexisting severe chronic maternal illness, preexisting maternal depression and/or current use of antidepressants, other psychiatric illness (e.g. bipolar disease, schizophrenia) or preexisting hemoglobinopathy