Prebiotics have been defined as "selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring health benefit(s) upon host health". Commonly used prebiotics are inulin-type fructans, fructo-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides and while all prebiotics are fibers, not all fibers are prebiotics. The proliferation of a targeted bacterial species, in particular, Bifiodobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. contribute to host cardiometabolic health in many ways including, but not limited to, short chain fatty acid production and, modulation of gut barrier function, endotoxin concentrations, inflammatory pathways, and energy metabolism however, to our knowledge the potential benefits of prebiotic supplementation on cardiometabolic dysfunction has received little attention. Although the concept that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota leads to metabolic endotoxemia and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease is novel, very little information is available in humans. The significance of our proposal includes providing proof of concept efficacy of prebiotic supplementation with inulin on cardiometabolic dysfunction and assessing its relation with changes in gut bacterial communities, intestinal permeability, and metabolic endotoxemia in prediabetes, a condition affecting a substantial segment of the population. Our study could lead to the identification of prebiotic supplementation with inulin as a simple and efficacious strategy for reducing cardiometabolic risk in prediabetes which could change clinical practice by informing dietary recommendations and increasing acceptance of prebiotics by the scientific and medical community.