Evidence shows independent associations between elevated serum uric acid (sUA) and the risk of hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), T2DM, heart failure (HF), and metabolic syndrome, including obesity. Gout is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death, as well as cardiovascular death. The causal relationship between elevated sUA, gout, and these disease outcomes remains to be proven.