Although the exact pathophysiology of FCRBD has not been elucidated, we recently showed expression of inflammatory mediators, neutrophil infiltration and mucosal surface injury in the absence of bacterial infection using a human model of tracheal injury. As it has been clearly shown that neutrophil infiltration and activation can be driven in response to sterile cell death8, our preliminary data suggest that the link between Foley catheter and possible bladder neutrophil accumulation is through mucosal cell injury.