Recent guidelines for the prevention and management of POAF were jointly published in 2006 by the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association (AHA), and the European Society of Cardiology. These guidelines recommended (i) preoperative treatment with an oral beta-blocker drug for prevention of POAF as a class IA indication, and (ii) preoperative administration of amiodarone for patients at a high risk for POAF as a class IIA indication.