Recent evidence of a potential role for cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in cardiac repair and the discovery of a vasoprotective axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) offer such breakthroughs. Investigators have observed that an imbalance in the vasoprotective axis {angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor} and the vasodeleterious axis [angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (AngII)/AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R)] of the RAS within the CPCs affects their functionality and regenerative potential. Investigators believe that restoring the balance between these two axes of the RAS is essential to improve CPC function and enhance their reparative capabilities. These observations have led to the hypothesis that genetic modification of CPCs by overexpression of ACE2/Ang-(1-7) will enhance their reparative function and improve their potential to attenuate myocardial ischemia-induced cardiac damage.