HIV positive patients who engage in high-risk behaviours linked to HIV spread are as likely to be receiving HAART as those at low risk for disease transmission, but those who engage in high-risk behaviours have much lower rates of medication adherence and thus much higher viral loads. This suggests a strong behavioural basis for transmission of drug resistant HIV, and parallels recent increases in all sexually transmitted infections. Given that taking HAART and having an undetectable viral load do not eliminate the possibility of transmitting HIV, it is important to examine whether the use of HAART and beliefs about HAART are associated with sexual risk taking.