LEVODOPA Several agents have widely proved their influence on neuronal plasticity. Among these agents, pharmacological drugs increasing the availability of Central Nervous System (CNS) neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine and hista mine) have shown the ability to modulate excitability in cortical neurons and exert a subsequent facilitator effect in neuroplasticity. In this regard, several studies have been conducted in the past two decades investigating, among other agents, the effects of amphetamines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, donepezil, psychostimulants as methylphenidate and dopaminergic agents. Levodopa (LD) is a desirable drug to evaluate because of its safe action profile. This oral medication is a precursor of dopamine (DA) that is actively transported across the blood-brain barrier and is converted to DA in the CNS and peripheral tissues. Approximately 95% of LD is converted to DA, stimulating dopaminergic neurotransmission, and the remaining 5% is converted to norepinephrine and affects adrenergic neurotransmission. DA plays a role in the formation of motor memories and thereby facilitates neuroplasticity, through the strengthening (long term potentiation, LTP) or weakening (long term depression, LTD) of the neuronal synapses, thereby generating neuroplasticity. DA has an inverted U-shape concentration curve effect to facilitate LTP. In previous studies doses of 100mg generated a facilitator effect, and 25 mg and 200 mg exerted an inhibitor effect on human cortex. This pharmacological agent has shown promising results in the treatment of stroke by enhancing functional motor recovery in the sub-acute and chronic period, in combination with intensive physical therapy, without reported significant side effects. In the acute and sub-acute phases, LD was demonstrated to improve functional motor skills that were maintained at three weeks follow up. LD also showed an additional benefit on the activities of daily living and in the severity of the stroke. In the chronic period, a single dose of LD combined with physical therapy for five weeks enhanced the formation of training-dependent elementary motor memory while improving UE dexterity.