OSMF can occur in any decade of life but is commonly seen in 2nd -4th decade of life. Various studies have suggested multifactorial origin of the disease with high incidence associated with consumption of areca nut. Reduction or preferably stoppage of the habit forms an essential component of the total treatment plan. The mainstay in the treatment of OSMF is therefore concentrated upon improving mouth opening and relieving the symptoms either by medicinal or surgical means. The medicinal treatment for mild cases of OSMF includes steroids, cardiovascular drugs, antioxidants, vitamins and iron supplements. Topical application of steroids, hyaluronidase, collagenase, and placental extract has yielded positive results in mild cases but in advanced cases, surgery followed by aggressive physiotherapy is the only viable treatment which produces satisfactory results.