BIS measurement was performed in each of the participants enrolled in the study by a specific member of staff who had completed a training course in the BIS technique, using a portable whole body bioimpedance spectroscopy device, the body composition monitor. The body composition monitor(BCM) measures the impedance spectroscopy at 50 different frequencies between 5 kilohertz(kHz) and 1 megahertz (MHz). Measurements were taken on the midweek dialysis session before the start of the hemodialysis treatment with the patient calm, supine, and relaxed in the dialysis bed for 10 minutes. Specific exclusion criteria were dictated by the device and included history of a pacemaker, defibrillator, metallic sutures, or stent implantation and amputation of a major limb.