Background Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is the term describing a syndrome of provoked, localized allodynia of the vestibule of the vulva, not explained by another condition, and lasting more than 3 months. PVD is not a defined disease but rather a symptom. It is thought that PVD represent a group of distinct disorders that have been classified together because they produce pain in the same anatomic location. Causes of these disorders include hormonal imbalance, mainly caused by hormonal contraception, nerve fiber proliferation in the vestibular mucosa and hypertonic pelvic floor dysfunction. PVD may appear with sexual debut or first attempts to insert a tampon (primary PVD) or can be a new onset of pain with activities that did not previously illicit pain (secondary PVD).