Compared to EL, this approach avoids the entire operation and consequently complications related to LE. However, while LE appears indicated in all patients with cCR and mCR, wait-and-see approach is required when there is a cCR. The reason for the different indication is that the probability that there is a correlation between cCR and pCR is very high; unlike the correlation between mCR and pCR it is much lower. As shown by scientific papers published on this topic (Smith et al,...), there is a risk of about 20% that a response considered complete it is actually not. Non-operated patients should therefore undergo a strict follow-up in the course of which, in case there is a recurrence of disease (recurrence), you run the TME rescue. Even for this approach they have been published many studies that have shown on one hand that wait-and-see approach is safe in patients who achieve a cCR after neoadjuvant therapy; on the other hand, if disease persists, surgery, defined "rescue surgery", leads, in any case, to local control and percentage of OS and DFS completely similar to traditional treatment.