PCOS shares components of Metabolic Syndrome for the high prevalence of IR (abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, impaired lipid profile and probably cardiovascular disease). Dunaif and Sam using NIH criteria for PCOS diagnosis suggested a sole entity called XX syndrome. Central adiposity seems to play an important role in the development of this metabolic phenotype trough the production of many cytokines and adipocytes derived proteins, known as "adipocytokines". Failures on its regulation could contribute to the development of IR. The late one for itself or trough metabolic disturbances is associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.