This 2 phase study first determines the prevalence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) among newborns admitted for treatment of jaundice at 5 regional centers in Nigeria and identifies social/behavioral/medical factors associated with ABE. Information gained in phase 1 identified high risk sub-populations and guided selection of instructional materials for phase 2. Core data sheets submitted monthly by participating centers included clinical data, demographic information, number of antenatal clinic visits, birth place (hospital, clinic, home) and attendant, distance from care centers and reasons for delay, if any, in seeking care. Receipt of jaundice instruction by mothers is self-reported. Statistical analysis includes Chi square and logistic regression analysis of risk factors. Sample size: 1,000 subjects in each phase are required to demonstrate a 20% decrease in disease prevalence (baseline ABE incidence anticipated to be 15% of jaundiced babies) at 95% confidence level.