Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive illness resulting from a variety of cardiac causes, including ischemic and valvular heart disease, dilatative cardiomyopathy or hypertension. HF may also develop suddenly, particularly as a complication of acute myocardial infarction or as an acute exacerbation in patients with previously compensated chronic HF. Diagnosis and in-hospital management of HF is often demanding and outcome especially regarding rehospitalizations is impaired. Novel biomarker may be very helpful in assessment of diagnosis, prognosis, and severity of HF as well as for treatment monitoring.