Skeletal muscle is important in regulating blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. Thus, sarcopenia may play a role in exacerbating insulin resistance and progression toward Type II diabetes (T2D). Indeed, the highest incidence of T2D in the UK has been noted to occur in adults >65 years. Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic diseases including T2D and cardiovascular disease. Progression towards obesity is associated with a concomitant decrease in muscle mass, producing an unfavorable ratio of fat to muscle. Thus, obesity in old age may exacerbate the progression of sarcopenia.