In light of this evidence, in an era that has witnessed the advent of effective oral agents for MM, understanding the prevalence, characteristics and clinical implications of non-adherence to these agents is key to providing high-quality care for these patients. Nevertheless, research regarding adherence to oral agents in MM (e.g. thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide) is still in its infancy, and there are no data indicating whether a similar association between adherence and treatment response exists in this field. Moreover, there is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence of non-adherence and risk factors thereof, in the above context.