The subproject had three specific aims. The first was to test the hypothesis that the lower respiratory tracts of asthmatics would respond differently to a neo-antigen. In part A of specific aim 1, the lower respiratory tracts of asthmatics were challenged with KLH. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was repeated after 12 days and blood samples collected after a number of time points. Immunoglobulins were measured in blood and BAL, and lymphocytes were collected from the BAL and assayed for response to antigen in an in vitro test. In part B, individuals were treated with six weeks of anti-inflammatory therapy after which responses to intrapulmonary antigen were assessed.