Inflammatory response is considered as defense mechanism against physical or infectious insults and also prevails within the central nervous system. Following certain kinds of brain injuries (i.e trauma, ischemia, hypoxia and seizure), innate immunity and subsequent adaptive immunity subserve the robust inflammatory cascades, leading to excitatory synaptic networks. Cellular elements, such as neuron, microglia as well as inflammatory molecules (cyclooxygenase2, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, etc) play essential roles in enhancing this process.