Young adults are a particularly interesting cohort to examine in Ukraine, as these youth were raised following the downfall of the Soviet Union in 1991, during a socio-economic downturn. For example, data from the Ukrainian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey shows about 4 in 10 males and 1 in 10 females drank alcohol in the last month. Despite these alarming statistics, a paucity of data exists which examines correlates of alcohol use among young adults in Ukraine. Consistent with problem behavior theory, a variety of studies from the U.S. and Europe show that alcohol use and other problem behaviors tend to cluster during adolescence and young adulthood, likely due to shared risk and protective factors, with some researchers and clinicians viewing alcohol misuse as a self-harm behavior. Although commonly, self-harm has the connotation of an intentional, self-inflicted, physical injury or suicide attempt, substance use and eating disorders may be also considered non-suicidal self-harm behavior. Further, some researchers assign the choice of involvement with HRO (e.g., increased risk of injury including unintentional death) and the non-observance of safety rules during work as self-harm behaviors. The boundaries between suicide and non-suicidal self-harm behaviors are not always clearly defined, and in some cases behaviors that usually fall outside the boundaries of self-harm may indeed represent self-harm if performed with explicit intent to cause tissue damage. Self-harm is listed in the DSM-IV-TR as a symptom of borderline personality disorder or it can be a comorbid disorder. The motivations for self-harm vary, as it may be used to fulfill a number of different functions. For example, it may function as a coping mechanism, which provides temporary relief of intense feelings (e.g., anxiety, depression, stress, and emotional numbness), a sense of failure or self-loathing, or other mental traits including low self-esteem. Self-harm is most common during adolescence and young adulthood, usually first appearing between the ages of 12 and 24.