Participants will include 90 adolescents scheduled for a pectus repair or spinal fusion, surgeries associated with high levels of post-surgical pain,2 and their parents. They will be recruited at the Alberta Children's Hospital (ACH). We will use a recruitment strategy that is consistent with our studies with clinical samples. Specifically, the recruitment pool will be generated as follows: 1) clinic staff will identify the patients scheduled for pectus repair or spinal fusion surgeries; 2) upon booking of the pre-op clinic visit, the admin staff will obtain permission to contact for research purposes from parents along with contact details; 3) clinic staff will pass on the contact information to the research study team via a secure electronic transfer; 4) the study staff will contact eligible families and screen interested parents and youth for eligibility and address any questions they might have and then set up a time to conduct a consent conference call with parent and child. This consent call will involve a discussion with the parent and child who will participate in the study and a researcher. The researcher will explain the information included in the consent form and provide the opportunity for potential participants to ask questions and clarify understanding. At this time, we will also clearly outline our limits to confidentiality regarding disclosure of abuse, neglect, suicidal ideation and intent, and potential to a minor. These are described on the consent form; however, the consent conference is an excellent opportunity to reiterate and clarify these procedures and issues. For this consent conference, a researcher will email these forms to participants (using REDCap, a secure online web-based application) who can complete them on a computer device. To increase participation, we will also distribute the posters (see Recruitment Poster) within ACH, so that potential participants will have the opportunity to contact us directly to indicate interest in the study. Screening for eligibility and consent procedures will be as described above.