To be certain that the absorption of insulin lispro was not different between the four studies which might account for the difference in postprandial glucose excursion; we measured free insulin levels during all four research studies. As is shown in Figure 3, when the insulin excursion concentrations are superimposed on each other for each study, no difference in insulin absorption occurred between the four insulin administration protocols. This data strongly supports the concept that timing of the insulin injection prior to the meal has a major effect on glucose kinetics following a meal. Utilization of Timing in an Intensive Insulin Therapy regimen should have a major beneficial effect of suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia and reducing A1C.