To investigate whether or not infection with chloroquine or S/P resistant parasites contributes to the pathogenesis of severe anaemia in Gambian children, filter paper blood samples were collected from the first 100 children entered into the study who have P.falciparum parasitaemia and an equal number of aged matched children who attended the OPD clinic with uncomplicated symptomatic malaria. Nested PCR on extracted DNA was used to tested for mutation in genes associated with resistance; Pfcrt and Pfmdr for chloroquine and DHRF / DHPS genes for S/P using standard techniques.