The ability of radical prostatectomy to cure prostate cancer and to therefore prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with progression to metastatic disease depends on effectively treating both local and potential systemic disease. In the United States alone, over 80,000 men per year are treated with prostatectomy to cure their disease. Because 20% of these men will be found to have locally advanced or high-grade disease, they will be at risk for relapse and morbidity from their prostate cancer. Although androgen deprivation, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been considered potentially effective adjuvant modalities for localized prostate cancer, there are no randomized studies that support the utility of any of these treatments as a standard of care. Ultimately, it is androgen independent prostate cancer, which causes morbidity for these patients. Docetaxel based chemotherapy has been shown to prolong survival and induce responses in up to 80% of patients with androgen independent disease, generating enthusiasm for the use of chemotherapy early in the treatment of prostate cancer. This study is designed to test the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in improving progression free survival, which is critical in preventing morbidity and mortality from relapse in patients with clinically localized, but high risk, prostate cancer.