Doses, times, and types of all medications administered while in the OR, PACU and inpatient units will be abstracted from the patient's electronic medical record soon after the patient is discharged from the hospital to ensure that study protocols were followed. Fentanyl administration will be analyzed separate from other opioids due to its comparatively divergent half-life and potency. Other data related to hospital stay such as length of procedure (surgery start time to surgery stop time), length of time in the OR, length of time in the recovery room, and length of hospital stay, will be also be collected. Any complication or opioid-related side effect will also be collected. Data will be kept in an excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet will have anonymous patient identifiers and will be kept in a folder on a password protected hard-drive. Only persons involved in the research study will have access to the folder.