- Neuromuscular blockade (paralysis): The use of intraoperative neuromuscular blockade for many patients undergoing general anesthesia is necessary to optimize surgical conditions and prevent catastrophic injury due to unintended patient movement. However, several trials have now demonstrated that most patients suffer from residual neuromuscular blockade at the conclusion of surgery, resulting in markedly increased risk of postoperative hypoxia, pneumonia, reintubation, and prolonged recovery room stay.