Patients were enrolled into two groups: videothoracoscopic talc poudrage (VT) and talc slurry through a chest tube (DT). Lung expansion was evaluated through chest CT scans obtained obtained in the first 7 days and 1, 3 and 6 months after pleurodesis. All examinations were revised by two independent observers. Clinical efficacy (considered as lack of new procedures during follow up), complications, drainage duration, hospital stay and quality of life (general and specific questionnaires) were also analyzed.