In order to evaluate potential clinical applications for these recent advances we have designed a prospective Phase I clinical study of the expanded progeny of an adult CD34 positive subset (InsulinCytes) injected directly into the body and tail of the pancreas of the participants via selective catheterisation of the splenic artery. The study group consists of patients with complicated diabetes mellitus type I plus kidney transplantation with the aim of ascertaining whether this confers clinical benefit as a treatment model for diabetes.