n-3 LCPUFAs have anti-inflammatory effects and are possibly cardio-protective. Emerging data is beginning to suggest that n-3 LCUFA relative deficiencies could have a role in behaviors that are relevant to addiction. In animal models, n-3 PUFA deficiencies result in structural changes in nervous tissue which impacts dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and correction of these deficiencies can reverse these changes. In particular, n-3 PUFA deficiency can result in hypofunctioning of the dopamine mesocortico-limbic pathways which underlie reward and dependence. Nicotine results in an elevation of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, a process which is associated with the pleasurable sensations related to nicotine use. As such, it has been hypothesized that correcting the hypofunctioning dopaminergic system through n-3 LCPUFA supplementation might reduce the symptoms of withdrawal associated with smoking cessation and reduce nicotine cravings.