The sample size was calculated using OpenEpi software. With an expected reduction in IL-6 and IL-8 values of 15% in the metformin arm, the investigators would need 102 women with PCOS to demonstrate a 40% reduction in IL-6 and IL-8 in the metformin and pioglitazone arm with a power of at least 80% and a ratio of 1 in the two arms.