Almost 12% of women report smoking during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes and up to 35-75% of women quit smoking during their pregnancy. Clinical trials of tobacco cessation medications have reported safety concerns along with limited efficacy. Subsequently, these medications are not generally recommended in pregnancy and most women who stop smoking do so unassisted. Not surprisingly, the rates of smoking relapse in the post-partum period are up to 67%. To date, clinical trials of behavior interventions in the post-partum period have been largely null. Pharmacotherapy has not been studied as a means of preventing relapse in smokers who quit without the use of medications. Additionally, these medications are excreted in breast milk, which limits there use for lactating women. Thus alternative, safe, and effective strategies to prevent smoking relapse in high-risk, former smokers during the post-partum period are needed.