Physiopathologically, the amyloid cascade remains the predominant hypothesis. It states that an imbalance between the production and clearance of the ß-amyloid peptide is the driving event of the disease, leading to Tau hyperphosphorylation and accumulation in neurons as neurofibrillary tangles, neurodegeneration (synaptic and neuronal loss) and cognitive impairment. The decreased clearance of Aß could be partly linked to a progressive dysfunction of the brain vasculature and of the BBB.