Introduction/Background: The prevalence of chronic inflammation is high (35-65%) in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, and overall and cardiovascular mortality in this population.(1-4) Stenvinkel et al observed that a pre-HD C-reactive protein (CRP) level of >10 was associated with a higher prevalence of carotid plaques (p<0.01), and clinical manifestations atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (MI, CVA, PVD) (p<0.05) in the ESRD population. (1) Zimmerman et al report a 2.7-fold and 4.6-fold higher risk of 2 yr all-cause mortality associated with a CRP level between 7.5-15.7. and >15.7, respectively. The cardiovascular mortality was similar (2.9-fold, and 5.5-fold). A single elevated CRP level has been shown to be a powerful indicator of mortality in ESRD patients, even after 4-5 years of follow-up. (3).