- Potential participants will be excluded from participation if they: are under the age of 18 or over the age of 39 (i.e. insulin sensitivity declines with age, hence the upper age limit of 39 years); have a pre-existing liver disease, history of alcoholism or typically consume more than 4 alcoholic beverages daily or 6 on one occasion more than once a month within the past 6 months; have impaired glucose metabolism due to diabetes, pre-diabetes, galactosemia, hereditary fructose intolerance or glycogen storage disease; have thyroid disease; have a bleeding disorder (e.g., von Willebrand Disease, hemophilia) or are being treated with medication that will impair blood clotting; have a history of GI-related conditions that may impact glucose absorption (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, Celiac's disease or gluten sensitivity, bariatric surgery or gastroparesis); are taking any medications affecting carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., insulin or oral diabetes medications); and/or, have an allergy or aversion to any of the test foods.