Nigeria has had a national HIV/AIDS care and treatment program in place since 2003. Included in this national program are prevention programs; the largest of which is the prevention-of-mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program. Despite more than 10 yrs of providing PMTCT, Nigeria still has significant problems with uptake of, and retention in these services. Only 30% of HIV-positive pregnant women receive HIV drugs for both treatment and prophylaxis, and Nigeria has an estimated 41,000 new child infections annually, the highest of any country in the world.