To be accepted in the study, patients must (a) meet criteria for combat-related (men's cohort) PTSD and either major depressive disorder of dysthymic disorder, (b) not meet criteria for current or past psychosis, score 24 or greater on a Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive screen, (d) not exhibit active suicidality or severity that would preclude participation in the groups, and (e) agree to random assignment and sign informed consent forms. For the women's groups, patients have PTSD related to sexual trauma.