Markers of erythropoietin resistance in dialysis patients have been studied. Previous studies have shown that CRP levels greater than 20mg/L are associated with Eprex® resistance in dialysis patients. Other markers include low albumin, high fibrinogen, low transferrin and high ferritin. Other novel markers of inflammation such as plasma N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline, procalcitonin, fetuin and neopterin have also been studied.