In Sudan the current treatment protocol includes two artemisinin combinations (ACT); artesunate + sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (AS/SP) as first line and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) as second line. This protocol has been implemented in 2004, since then various studies have reported the high efficacy of both combinations (e.g. Adam et al., 2005; Elamin et al., 2005; Mohamed et al., 2006).