Study conditions: All three study conditions have identical number of contacts; the duration of counseling time is also identical in IS and IS+A conditions. We considered a design in which the duration of counseling in the UC will be identical to those in IS and IS+A conditions but decided against this because it will create a usual care condition that exceeds standard practice for brief interventions. We understand that testing hypothesis 3 confounds contact time with treatment content, and hence we will not be able to determine that observed differences in outcome are due to specific treatment components. However, given the current state of knowledge about treating homeless alcohol abusing smokers, we believe it is sufficient to show that our intervention led to improved outcome in this group without knowing if the finding is due to specific intervention content. Subsequent research will be needed to disentangle various intervention components.