In a French epidemiological study, a cohort of 3,615 males and females with normal fasting blood glucose was followed for 9 years. It indicated that water intake was inversely and independently associated with the risk of developing hyperglycemia. The authors hypothesized that their results were due to hypohydration related increase in plasma vasopressin. More recently, a Swedish cohort of 2,064 subjects from the malmo diet and cancer study was analyzed after 15.8 y with an oral glucose tolerance test. They found that copeptin (a reliable and clinical surrogate marker of AVP) independently predicted diabetes mellitus and abdominal adiposity.