The functional hallmark of ischemic left ventricular (LV) segments is their inadequate contractility, manifested as hypokinetic or akinetic segments when examined using either invasive or non-invasive LV functional studies. Ischemic myocardial cells may progress to cellular death, and irreversible scar formation. However, other cells may maintain viability. These viable myocardial segments are of particular clinical importance given their ability to resume contractility with adequate optimal medical therapy and/or revascularization optimization.