GLP-1 receptors are present in most organ systems of the human body, and pharmacological interventions enhancing GLP-1 activity may influence the function of these organs. The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) has been associated with an increased heart rate, acute pancreatitis and acute renal failure. To date, studies in humans detailing the effects of these drugs on these organ systems, biological processes and underlying mechanisms, which could explain these associations, are lacking.