Patients in the MTE group received manual physical therapy interventions specifically targeted to impairments identified during the physical examination. Physical therapists chose manual interventions consisting of thrust and non-thrust joint manipulation/mobilization, muscle energy, and soft-tissue mobilization/stretching techniques that are commonly referenced and used in clinical practice. We provided all patients in the MTE group with a standard home exercise program of cervical retraction, deep neck flexor strengthening, and cervical rotation range of motion exercises.