Almost all studies conducted on this subject used body mass index (BMI) as the measure of obesity; however, using only BMI might be the wrong strategy. Interestingly, some studies on the cardiovascular system found protective effects of BMI and as a result a new term, 'obesity paradox,' emerged. Later studies used waist-to-hip (W/H) ratio and wrist circumference (WC) as a measure of obesity, and showed the exact effect of body fat distribution and obesity on the cardiovascular system