Depressed subjects randomized to the cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)will be asked to attend 16, one-hour sessions over 4-5 months. The CBT will be conduced by a senior therapist. Cognitive therapy aims at symptom removal by identification and correction of the patient’s distorted, negatively biased, moment-to-moment thinking and theoretically aims at prevention of relapse/reoccurrence by identifying and correcting silent assumptions (personal beliefs or schemas). Modern cognitive treatment interventions also address behavioral aspects of depression through encouraging more activity of various kinds. (Because the level of physical condition is a potential confound for the variables of interest, increased aerobic activity will not be included in the intervention.) Depressed control subjects will be offered the CBT intervention (in a group format) after the six-month follow-up and/or referred for treatment, as desired and appropriate. At post-treatment and six-month follow-up, subjects will be carefully assessed for any psychotherapy and psychopharmacology interventions.