Bloodstream infections (BSI) with multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria such as extended- spectrum betalactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the immunocompromised patient. In recent years, rapid spread of ESBL-E on a global level has been observed. While guidelines on effective infection control and treatment measures are urgently needed, the required basis of evidence is yet to be generated. Particularly data from interventional trials is lacking.