Due to the cost, inconvenience and risks associated with traditional surgical mediastinal diagnosis and staging, many physicians are foregoing tissue diagnosis of the mediastinum, resulting in incomplete pre-operative staging for patients. The endoscopic techniques are quickly replacing traditional techniques in some centers; however, when replacing a gold standard test with a new modality, one must first prove equivalence in safety and efficacy. Until such a study is completed, we do not have compelling data to be able to offer these techniques as equivalent alternatives to patients. The proposed project will be the first head-to-head comparison of both endobronchial (EBUS) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in addition to transluminal biopsy with gold standard invasive surgical staging techniques in the diagnosis and staging of NSCLC.