Patients were not eligible for the study if the patient (or another member of the household when applicable) indicated that they: (1) were under 18 years of age; (2) had never been diagnosed with diabetes; (3) had been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes or had been diagnosed before age 30; (4) did not have a telephone; (5) did not speak English; (6) were not competent for interview; (7) did not receive their primary diabetes care within the VA system; (8) were currently receiving treatment for cancer (other than non-melanoma); (9) had been diagnosed with kidney failure, congestive heart failure (and were short of breath at rest), liver disease, or blindness; (10) changed residences during certain months of the year; (11) planned to move in the near future; or their HbA1c obtained at baseline was < 7.5%.