Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) include chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (Ph +) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), the polycythemia vera (PV), myelofibrosis (MF) called SMP Ph. CML is the ultimate model of carcinogenesis. SMP is a characterized by a malignant monoclonal proliferation of a pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor determined by the presence of a balanced translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (Ph chromosome) which leads to major changes of a large number of cell functions. Investigators now believe that within the bone marrow exist two types of "hematopoietic niches' niche osteoblastic / endosteal and vascular niche, controlling the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cell pool. The endosteal niche, is a hypoxic region near the endosteal trabecular, which provides protection to deeply dormant stem cells. Data from the literature suggest that in the SMP, especially CML, the interaction of malignant stem cells with the microenvironment niche Endosteal could favor their survival and resistance to treatment. The therapeutic management of CML was upset by the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, despite these advances, even in situations of undetectable residual disease, it has been observed relapses of the disease stopped TKI leaving suggest that there is a resistance of leukemic stem cell to TKI.