Numerous studies demonstrate that patients have improved immediate recovery characteristics following desflurane anesthesia compared to other volatile agents, including sevoflurane. There is limited evidence in the literature to suggest that patients undergoing sevoflurane, compared to desflurane anesthesia, may suffer from limitation in function and cognitive ability for an undetermined, but prolonged period of time following surgery. These differences are not explained pharmacokinetically and may be a result of a direct neurotoxic effect of sevoflurane. An unresolved question is the time required for the ability to return to complex tasks, such as driving, following anesthesia. Commonly, patients are advised not to drive or make important decisions for 24 hours following anesthesia, but this is not well-studied and proscribed on an empiric, rather than scientific, basis with very limited data available.This study will better define recovery characteristics and characterize the severity and duration of cognitive impairment following sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia after brief outpatient urologic surgery in elderly females using tests of cognitive ability coupled with performance on a driving simulator and cognitive task tests to objectively measure not only testing performance, but also cognitive effort in performing these tests.