Infections acquired by patients in hospitals are a major cause of illness and death worldwide, and particularly so in hospitals with very limited resources. Simple hygiene measures, including improved hand hygiene (particularly with increased use of alcohol-based hand rub) by healthcare workers (HCWs) in physical contact with patients, are thought to be amongst the most effective ways of reducing such infections. However, in most hospitals hand hygiene is practiced poorly and improving hand hygiene behavior amongst hospital staff has been found to be difficult.