Study Design The study was a double-blind, randomized crossover design to evaluate the effects of muscadine grape seed supplementation (Nature's Pearl 650 mg, two capsules daily.) The phytochemical profile of the supplement is presented in Table 1. The trial consisted of a screening visit followed by baseline and closeout visits for two study treatment periods (4 weeks each), separated by a 4-week washout period (total of 5 visits over 14 weeks).Endothelial function was assessed at the beginning and end of each study period using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (brachial FMD - described below). A fasting blood sample was obtained at the open and close of each study period for measurement of lipids, inflammatory markers, and markers of antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress. Participants were asked to abstain from red wine, antioxidant vitamin supplements (including vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene supplements, more than 1 cup of black or green tea daily, and other grape seed supplements. Multivitamin supplements were permitted as long as they were taken for the study duration.