- Known CVD, triglycerides > 500 mg/dL, renal disease (serum creatinine levels > 1.6 mg/dL), hypothyroidism [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) > 5 IU/mL], liver disease (ALT and/or AST levels > 3-fold upper limit of normal in more than 2 consecutive measurements), alcohol consumption > 3 drinks/day for men and > 2 drinks/day for women, and current or previous gout.