The gold standard techniques to assess the extent of disease and decide on therapy for patients with lung cancer consists of cervical mediastinoscopy, which is a surgical procedure which entails an incision in the neck and the removal of lymph nodes from around the airway. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are new, non-surgical techniques that have been available for the past several years and are proving invaluable in lung cancer evaluation. These techniques are minimally invasive and can be performed without surgery.