Successful diabetes management relies on a process of self-regulation in which treatment behavior is guided by feedback about changing blood glucose (BG) levels and decision-making. The processes involved in self-regulation have been studied extensively in adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), leading to the development of sophisticated research tools that have significantly advanced our understanding and ability to predict clinical outcome. Additionally, this research has led to the development of a highly effective, empirically based,pyschobehavioral intervention, Blood Glucose Awareness Training (BGAT) that improves self-regulation and clinical outcome in adults with T1DM. Unfortunately, the processes involved in the self-regulation of pediatric diabetes have received virtually no empirical attention. The purpose of this project is to correct the scientific neglect of the self-regulation in pediatric diabetes by adapting the conceptual and methodological tools used in adult studies to investigate the process of diabetes regulation by school-aged children (6-11 years) with T1DM and their parents and to develop and test an intervention to enhance the skills critical to this process.