Potential Concerns in Children: In immature rodents, preconditioning with lipopolysaccharide, or oxygen-glucose deprivation, results in worse brain injury on ischemia-reperfusion. This raises the possibility of harm from IPC in neonates. This is very unlikely for the following reasons. First, this data applies to neonates at <32 weeks post-conception age. Second, lipopolysaccharide protected the brain when given 4 hr and 24hr before the ischemic event. Third, hypoxic preconditioning is protective to the immature brain.