The primary objectives of this randomized clinical trial were to determine whether subjects, with moderate to severe chronic HF, who completed a 12-week individualized program of cardiopulmonary training (exercise group) would have significantly greater (i) quality of life, measured by the Rand Short Form-36, and (ii) aerobic fitness, measured by oxygen uptake during symptom limited maximal metabolic treadmill testing, than subjects who met weekly with an investigator and received vital sign measurements (non-exercise group).