In addition to these two primary hypotheses regarding CD4 counts, we have found that HDL and LDL levels are linearly dependent on the balance of active and inactive α1PI levels (manuscript in review). This phenomenon is due the transport of HDL and LDL by CD4 cells. We found that in HIV infected individuals with abnormally low active α1PI and abnormally high inactive α1PI, HDL and LDL increased or decreased differently from individuals with normal active α1PI. Based on these results, our hypothesis is that in HIV infected individuals with abnormally low active α1PI receiving α1PI therapy, LDL levels will decrease and HDL levels will increase as active α1PI levels increase in contrast to HIV uninfected individuals with normal active α1PI levels not on therapy and in contrast to HIV infected individuals with abnormally low active α1PI levels not on therapy.