Endothelial Function Study Protocol Details for the brachial FMD protocol, automated analysis and reproducibility have been published previously {Herrington 2001}. Briefly, subjects rested in a quiet, temperature-controlled room for 15 minutes. A standard (pediatric) cuff was placed on the right forearm 2 inches (5 cm) below the antecubital fossa. Once the transducer position was established over the left brachial artery, continuous scanning of the brachial artery was obtained for 2 minutes before the cuff occlusion, 4 minutes of cuff occlusion, and 2 minutes immediately after cuff release. Data were analyzed with an automated analysis system that determines changes in brachial artery diameter for 2 minutes after cuff release.