GIMEMA treatment for adult (15-60 yrs) AML patients included a 3-drug induction cycle with DNR (50 mg/m2 d 1, 3, 5), cytarabine (100 mg/m2 d1-10), etoposide (100 mg/m2 d1-5) followed by an intensive consolidation with cytarabine (500 mg/m2/q12 hrs d1-d6) and the same anthracycline as in induction on d 4-6. Following consolidation, eligible pts (age <45 or 55 yrs) with a HLA compatible sibling had to be allografted, the others, had to be autografted with autologous peripheral stem cell (PSC) collected during recovery from consolidation.