Children (6 months to 18 years old) with ventriculoperitoneal shunts presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with signs and symptoms of shunt failure will be recruited through their parent/legal guardian when the parent/guardian brings the child to the emergency room. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a device implanted surgically to relieve pressure inside the skull (intracranial pressure) caused by water on the brain (hydrocephalus).