In family members of probands with aplastic anemia, marrow aplasia and telomerase mutations also have been observed and associated to varying degrees of cytopenias, IPF and/or cirrhosis. Moreover, patients with varying degrees of cytopenias, with significant family history for cytopenias, IPF and/or cirrhosis, have been identified with very short telomeres and some mutations in telomerase complex genes. Additionally, telomere length has been associated with human cancer.