3. Translate such findings into public health policy. By comparing women of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds who receive the current vitamin D IOM standard of 400 IU/day compared to 4000 IU/day [daily dose shown to achieve optimal production of active vitamin D hormone (1,25(OH)2D)], the clear effects of vitamin D will be realized. Furthermore, these effects of sufficient vitamin D during pregnancy transcend the racial differences of the women.