i. Cerebral malaria (GCS < 11). ii. Renal impairment (Creatinine > 2mg/dL or Anuria) iii. Hypoglycaemia (Glucose < 40mg/dL) iv. Systolic blood pressure < 80mmHg with cool extremities v. Pulmonary edema vi. Venous bicarbonate < 15mmol/L vii. Venous lactate > 4mmol/L