i. RAO: no flow detectable at continous Doppler at the site of vascular access, confirmed by echoDoppler; ii. symptoms: hand pain or paresthesiae after radial cannulation; iii. hematoma: local bleeding extending > 15 cm2 on forearm iv. pseudoaneurysm: local ectasia of vessel wall not involving all the three layers at the site of puncture, diagnosed by 2D echoDoppler; v. procedural success: insertion of vascular sheath in the radial artery vi. Major cardiovascular cerebral events (MACCEs): death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, any unplanned coronary revascularization, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA).