- Patients in whom the implication of Streptococcus pneumoniae is suspected because of: positive urinary soluble antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae with the exclusion of any other positive sample, presence of non- significant levels of Streptococcus pneumoniae in bronchopulmonary samples The presence of significant levels of Streptococcus pneumoniae in protected tracheal aspirations or in the spit, with the exclusion of any other positive sample in patients who had been in an Intensive care Unit for more than 48 hours at the time the sample was taken.