Recently, preliminary efficacy and safety data from an ongoing phase II study, led by Martha Lacy at Mayo Clinic, were published. Sixty patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma were enrolled. Pomalidomide (CC-4047) was given orally at a dose of 2 mg daily on days 1-28 of a 28-day cycle and dexamethasone was given orally at a dose of 40 mg daily on days 1, 8, 15, 22 of each cycle. Patient also received aspirin 325 mg once daily for thromboprophylaxis. The study endpoints were the response rate in patients taking pomalidomide plus dexamethasone including patients with lenalidomide resistant refractory multiple myeloma, and safety of pomalidomide plus dexamethasone. Responses were recorded using the criteria of the International Myeloma Working Group. Thirty eight patients achieved objective response (63%) including complete response (CR) in 3 patients (5%), very good partial response (VGPR) in 17 patients (28%), and partial response (PR) in 18 patients (30%). The CR + VGPR rate was 33%. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 23 patients (38%) and consisted of anemia in three patients (5%), thrombocytopenia in two patients (3%) and neutropenia in 21 (35%). Among those that developed grade 3/4 neutropenia, all first experienced the neutropenia in cycle 1-3; no new patients experienced grade 3/4 neutropenia in cycle 4 or later. The most common non-hematological grade 3/4 toxicities were fatigue (17%) and pneumonia (8%). Other grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicities that occurred in less than 5% included diarrhea, constipation, hyperglycemia, and neuropathy. One patient (1.6%) had a thromboembolic event of deep vein thrombosis.