- Exclusion criteria include: diabetes, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance on medication, presence of a chronic disease or major organ failure such as severe heart failure, kidney or liver failure, conditions or intake of medications known to affect bone metabolism, rickets or osteomalacia, history of kidney stones, a baseline vitamin D level of less than 10 ng/ml and history of fragility fractures or an overall fracture risk based on FRAX of >10% .