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To hold a wedding mere steps from The White House, one must have an element of grandeur, a hint of chic, and a bit of glamour. Lucky for us, this fantastic couple processes all of these qualities in spades, so we are in for a fabulous Washington D.C. treat. The fantastic design team at Pineapple Productions sent this stately affair our way, and it most definitely lives up to the grandiose locale. Captured by Kate Headley, this wedding has enough gorgeous eye candy to last all day, so make sure to click here for the full image gallery!
From Pineapple Productions ... Susan and Ashley met while in law school at Vanderbilt University, and after spending time in New York, moved to Washington - Ashley's hometown - just in time to start planning their wedding. When I first met with Susan, she described wanting a quintessential Washington wedding, but one that incorporated touches of Southern charm as a nod to her own Southern roots.
The ceremony was held at historic St. John's Church, located on Lafayette Square just steps away from The White House. Since St. John's establishment in 1815, every U.S. President has attended church services there. In fact, St. John's is popularly known as the "Church of Presidents."
After the ceremony, Susan and Ashley led their guests on a bagpipe procession through Lafayette Park, past the White House and onto the reception venue -- the Metropolitan Club. The Metropolitan Club is another historic DC landmark, one that has welcomed nearly every President since Abraham Lincoln as well as many international dignitaries.
Susan and Ashley did a fabulous job making the club their own for the night. As guests arrived for the cocktail hour, flutes of classic Kir Royale were passed on silver trays alongside mason jar tumblers of Bardstown Sling bourbon punch. We utilized a distinctly Southern color palette of magnolia green, buttercream yellow and white for the cocktail hour. Tables were dressed in buttery yellow linens and accented with a variety of distressed verdi gris containers containing magnolia leaves, buttercream garden roses and soft yellow lisianthus.
After the cocktail hour guests were invited upstairs for dinner and dancing. Dinner was served at a variety of stations including macaroni and cheese with decadent toppings like creme fraiche, truffled mushrooms, caramelized onions and bacon. The talk of the night though was the fish and chips station, custom created by the club, serving crispy rockfish and lobster tail along with fries in classic newspaper cones.
We utilized a mix of linens for the reception tables. Some were covered in pale dove grey Irish linen. Others were covered in heavier grey striped and subtly grey polka-dotted linens for a more formal look. Flowers were all in an eclectic mix of antiqued silver containers -- julep cups, compotes, trophy cups and revere bowls. We filled the silver containers with lush arrangements of taupe, lavender, beige, pale blush, and dusty grey flowers including garden roses, double tulips, ranunculus, dahlias, eucalyptus berries and dusty miller. The look was both timeless and distinctive.
Big Ray and the Kool Kats - a fabulous band out of Charlottesville, Virginia - provided the music for the evening. Guests danced the night away to Sinatra standards, Motown and even a little country music to keep the Nashvillians happy. At the end of the night, guests departed with boxes of homemade chocolate chip cookies courtesy of Tate's Bake Shop. For a special send off, everyone gathered outside and lit sparklers in the city streets as Susan and Ashley made their way through the crowd and onto the Hay-Adams Hotel for an after party gathering.
Ceremony Venue: St. John's Church, Lafayette Square / Reception Venue: The Metropolitan Club / Event Planner: Allison Jackson, Pineapple Productions / Caterer: The Metropolitan Club / Photographer: Kate Headley / Floral Design: Jack Lucky / Rentals: DC Rental / Bagpiper: Francis Wallace / Band: Big Ray and the Kool Kats via East Coast Entertainment / Invitations: Crane & Company / Calligraphy/Signage: Arney Walker Calligraphy / Wedding Cake: The Metropolitan Club / Guest Amenities: Charm & Salt / Chocolate Chip Cookie Favors: Tate's Bake Shop / Wedding Gown: Monique Lhuillier / Bridesmaids Dresses: Simple Silhouettes / Hair: Cevat Topcu / Make Up: Leah McKay


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International Journal of Morphology
versión On-line ISSN 0717-9502
Int. J. Morphol. vol.30 no.3 Temuco set. 2012
Int. J. Morphol., 30(3):970-978, 2012.
Lower Third Molar Region
Región del Tercer Molar Inferior
Iván Suazo Galdames
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
SUMMARY: The lower third molar region is an important region for the odontostomatological practice, since it presents a great amount of pathological processes related to the development and eruption of the third molar; thus having a considerable number of surgical interventions. Despite its importance, this region is not accounted for in anatomical terminology nor is it described in topographic anatomy; and in spite of the great number of studies that analyze the surgical anatomy of the region, it is necessary to systematize the description of its boundaries, planes, content, risk elements, anatomical repairs, etc.; therefore, the purpose of the present article is to review the modern concepts related to the surgical anatomy of the lower third molar region and to establish a description based on these concepts.
KEY WORDS: Third molar; Lingual nerve; Inferior alveolar nerve; Retromolar triangle; Retromolar pad; Mandibular canal; Oral surgery.
RESUMEN: La región del tercer molar inferior es una región importante para la práctica odontoestomatológica, en ella se presenta una gran cantidad de procesos patológicos relacionados con el desarrollo y erupción del tercer molar, por lo que se practican un gran número de intervenciones quirúrgicas. No obstante su importancia, esta región no se encuentra considerada en la terminología anatómica ni descrita en la anatomía topográfica y a pesar de la gran cantidad de estudios que analizan la anatomía quirúrgica de la región, es necesario sistematizar la descripción de sus límites, planos, contenidos, elementos de riesgo, puntos de reparo, etc., es por ello que el propósito de este artículo es revisar los conceptos modernos relacionados con la anatomía quirúrgica de la región del tercer molar inferior y proponer una descripción basada en estos conceptos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Tercer molar; Nervio lingual; Nervio alveolar inferior; Canal mandibular; Cirugía oral.
The lower third molar region corresponds to an anatomical region located in reference to the lower third molar, as such, it is found in the posterior zone of the oral cavity, between the lower molars and the mandibular ramus, extending medially to the floor of the oral cavity, and laterally up to the oral vestibule. Inferiorly, the region penetrates the skeletal plane constituted by the mandible in the retromolar region. Superiorly, its level varies depending on the level of eruption of the third molar, being able to extend up to the molar occlusal plane.
Thus described, the lower third molar region is related to the gingival-alveolar dental mandible, buccal, parotid-messeteric, paralingual space, submandibular, pterygomandibular, pterygo-pharyngeus and tonsillar regions.
External shape and exploration. The lower third molar region has a cuboidal shape, without precise anatomic boundaries, but rather limits determined by clinical-surgical criteria. It corresponds to a block of structures that incorporate the third molar in its core. Therefore, it includes a mucosal plane, which varies considerably depending on the degree of impaction or semi-impaction of the molar, and the development presented by pterygomadibular ligament, which swells up the posterior wall of the region.
The shape of the region is very little modified in the different oral functions. In an individual with a maximum oral opening, the elevation of the mucosa produced by the tension of the pterygomandibular ligament can be clearly seen, giving the upper face of the region a triangular aspect. The movements of the soft palate do not modify the shape of this face.
When the individual has his oral cavity closed, the exploration of the lower third molar region can be performed through digital inspection, the finger moves against the vestibular surface of the molars. In this position, the region participates in the construction of an important space, the coronoid space or coronomaxillary space, which corresponds to the space between the anterior border of the mandibular ramus and the last molars in occlusion (Fig. 1) (Arbree et al., 1987). The index finger can be easily introduced in the coronoid space; in this position it is possible to feel, laterally, the independent activity of the superficial and deep fascicles of the masseter muscle; medially, we enter the oral cavity itself; upwards, we may palpate the mucosa lining the lower portion of the maxillary tubercle and the so called hamular notch, and downwards we can palpate the mucosa of the upper surface of the lower third molar region, where normally a mucous pad, called retromolar pad, develops. The coronoid space has clinical use for the introduction of a probe for feeding in case of an intermaxillary fixation.
Fig. 1. Scheme of the construction of the coronoid
space and its relation to the lower third molar region.
The forensic inspection of the lower third molar region is difficult to perform due to the rigidity of the corpse; in these cases, the bilateral horizontal section of the masseter muscle turns out to be quite useful facilitating the oral opening, which is the procedure recommended for the performance of an oral autopsy (Nakayama et al., 1998).
Upper boundary: Horizontal plane that runs along the superior molar occlusal plane.
The shape of the region is modified considerably during the course of pathological processes that frequently affect the region, some affecting the form of the mucosa, such as third molar pericoronitis and the pericoronal abscess, or deforming the underlying bone structures, such as dentigerous cyst, keratocysts, ameloblastomas, etc., or the ectopic position of the molar.
Boundaries. The boundaries of the lower third molar region are functional to the surgical and exploratory procedures, which are performed in the region, these are:
Anterior boundary: Coronal plane which goes along the mesial surface of the lower second molar including the mucoperiosteum and the skeletal plane of the region.
Posterior boundary: Coronal plane that goes along 1 cm back of the anterior border of the mandibular ramus.
Lateral boundary: Parasagittal plane that runs along 1 cm tangent to the most lateral portion of the mandible at the level of the mandibular angle.
Medial boundary: Parasagittal plane that runs 1 cm from the bone plane of the alveolar process at the level of the lower third molar.
Lower boundary: Plane that runs at the level of the inferior cortical bone of the mandibular canal where it crosses the third molar region.
Forming Planes. Considering an individual with an oral cavity at its maximum opening, the lower third molar region presents three forming planes: The mucosa, the muscular plane and the skeletal plane.
1. Mucosa Plane: According to the boundaries described, the mucosa can be seen through direct inspection in the superior, posterior, medial and lateral surfaces; the anatomy of the mucosa varies depending on the surface observed. Due to its continuity, we will describe the superior and posterior surfaces together, and independently, the lateral and medial surfaces.
a) Posterosuperior surface (Fig. 2): The mucosa of the posterosuperior surface of the region has a quadrilateral shape, it extends forming an inclined plane that has a slight anterior concavity. It can be divided in two triangular zones because of the elevation of the pterygomandibular ligament, a superolateral triangle and an inferomedial one.
Fig. 2. Photograph of the oral cavity showing on the left, the approximate boundaries
of the region mucosa posterosuperior wall; the subdivision in
the anaesthetic triangle and a retromolar one may be seen.
The superolateral triangle, or anaesthetic, presents a characteristic lining mucosa; it has a bright red aspect and it is a continuity of the mucosa that lines the bucca. It is depressible upon digital inspection and its shape is modified by the activity of the underlying buccinator muscle. In this region, the puncture site of the anesthetic technique directed to the mandibular lingula is found which seeks to anesthetize the buccal, lingual and lower alveolar nerves (Khoury & Townsend, 2011).
The inferomedial or retromolar triangle present a slightly thicker mucosa than that of the anaesthetic triangle, it has a pale and bright look, and its shape outstands for the presence of an anteroposteriorly elongated elevation which widens with the proximity of the second molar and corresponds to the pyriform papilla (retromolar pad). In this zone, the mucosa is depressible and its connection to the skeletal plane is more relaxed than in other zones of the lower third molar region. The pyriform papilla has a length of 11.2 mm and a mean maximum transverse diameter of 7.94; its shape is mainly oval or piryform in a 53.1%, while it presents itself rounded in a 29.6%, and triangular in a 17.3% (López et al., 2008). Histologically, it corresponds to a lining epithelium with varying quantities of parakeratinization (McCrorie & Hall, 1965). The pyriform papilla is important in clinical prosthetics since it is considered a stable landmark for the determination of the occlusal plane in edentulous patients (Celebic et al., 1995; Ogawa et al., 1996); additionally, the pyriform papilla participates in the posterior sealing of the mandibular prosthesis, being fundamental in the stability of the apparatus (Taieb & Carpentier, 1989). For Suazo et al. (2008a), the pyriform papilla is the puncture site for the anaesthetic technique directed to the lower alveolar nerve via the retromolar triangle; the characteristics of the mucosa, its capability of stretching and low vascularization allow a safe puncture in patients carriers of blood dyscrasias.
The zone of the pyriform papilla presents a submucosa in which minor salivary glands are found that group together forming continuous chains with the palatine glands. We can also find some fascicles of the bucciator muscle, temporal and occasionally medial pterygoid (McCrorie & Hall; Abe et al., 1997).
For the surgery of the third molar, the incision starts at the vertex of the retromolar triangle, moving in contact with the bone plane up to the gingival margin of the second molar (Sandner, 2007). After the surgical extraction of the lower third molar, the pyriform papilla usually forms a depression in which the mucosa is thickened and strongly adhered to the deep planes. There are no studies that assess the effect of post-surgery modeling of the pyriform papilla either in the prosthetic aspects or in the execution of the anaesthetic technique described for this zone.
b) Lateral surface: The mucosa of the lateral surface of the lower third molar region is strongly adhered to the skeletal plane forming a mucoperiosteum. In this region, the mucosa is continued with the lining of the alveolar process to the anterior and laterally it is found forming the most posterior portion of the floor of the inferior oral vestibule.
c) Medial surface: The mucosa of the medial surface is intimately adhered to the underlying bone; in this zone the mucosa reaches its minimum thickness. It continues to the interior with the rest of the lingual lining of the alveolar process, while downwards it reflects and then it becomes a continuity of the mucosa of the floor of the oral cavity. Posteriorly, the mucosa of this surface becomes a continuity of the one that lines the anterior surface of the anterior pillar of the soft palate.
2. Muscle Plane: Within the boundaries of the region, we can find three principal muscles, these are: The Bucciator muscle, the upper constriction muscle of the pharynx and the distal fascicle of the temporal muscle. In addition, the medial pterygoid and the palatoglossal muscles can extend up to the region of the lower third molar.
a) The buccinator muscle forms the muscular wall of the aneaesthetic triangle region of the posterosuperior surface of the mucosa; in this region the muscle is being inserted in the pterygomandibular ligament and its fibers are laid out in a slanted way inferolaterally directed to its point of origin in the retromolar fossa of the mandible. It is important to point out that this muscle has a sheath of connective tissue, the fascia o the buccinator muscle. Due its position, this muscle and its fascia must be crossed with the needle during the anaesthetic technique to the mandibular lingula.
b) The upper constrictor muscle of the pharynx forms part of the lower third molar region only in two of its portions, the buccopharyngeal and the mylo-pharyngeal. The buccopharyngeal portion constitutes the muscle wall of the posterior portion of the inferomedial triangle of the region's posterosuperior surface and it extends from the pharyngeal raphe up to the pterygopharyngeal ligament. The mylo-pharyngeal portion goes from the pharyngeal raphe to the posterior section of the mylohyoid line of the mandible.
Between the buccinator muscles and the pharynx upper constrictor extends the pterygomandibular ligament, a very important tendon formation, strongly palpable that extends from the pterygoid hook to the mylohyoid line of the mandible. This formation is an important landmark for the location of the anaesthetic triangle, in some occasions its development is so important that it can be mistaken for the anterior border of the mandibular ramus.
d) The distal fascicle of the temporal muscle goes downwards along the temporal ridge and ends inserted in the medial lip of the retromolar triangle. This muscle portion seems to have a relevant role in the shape changes of the pyriform papilla.
3. Skeletal plane: The bone plane of the lower third molar region is constituted by the posterior zone of the mandible. This is a transition zone between the body and the ramus. Anatomically, it is possible to find a series of relevant formations in the organization of the region, these are: the retromolar triangle, retromolar fossa, lateroalveolar canal and the mylohyoide ridge. Additionally, the thickness of the cortex and the organization of the spongy tissue are modified in the different portions of the region (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Photograph of the mandible where the retromolar
triangle, retromolar fossa, and lateroalveolar canal may be seen.
Fig. 4. Most prevalent types of retromolar triangles, according to Suazo et al.,2007a.
A. Tapering form 9.16%; B. Drop form 10.83%; C. Triangular form 80%.
b) Retromolar fossa: It corresponds to a depression located towards the lateral of the retromolar triangle; thus, its medial boundary is the lateral lip of the triangle and its lateral boundary is constituted by the anterior boundary of the mandibular ramus. Towards the anterior, it continues with the lateroalveolar canal. The retromolar fossa allows insertion to the buccinator muscle. The presence of a retromolar foramen located in this fossa has been described (Fig. 5), with a variable prevalence of 12.9% in the Brazilian population (Suazo et al., 2008b), 19.5% in the Japanese (Kodera & Hashimoto) and between 17.3% and 21,9% in India (Narayana et al., 2002; Senthil-Kumar & Kesavi, 2010). From the retromolar foramen, a retromolar canal is originated which carries irrigation and innervation to the structures of the zone, being able to establish communication and anastomosis with the lower alveolar neurovascular axis (Schejtman et al., 1967). The injury of these elements during an extraction surgery of the lower third molar could cause abundant bleeding, post-operatory haematomas (Azaz & Lustmann, 1973) or alterations in sensitivity, as well as pain and paresthesias (Muto & Kanazawa, 1997; Petruzzelli et al., 2003).
Fig. 5. Right retromandibular foramen in the mandible of a 62-year-old male individual.
RMF: retromolar foramen L:mandibular lingula. RT: retromolar triangle.
C: coronoid process. Taken from Suazo et al., 2008b.
c) Lateroalveolar canal: Denominated by Figun & Garino lateroalveolar canal, is not quite a canal, but rather an elongated depression, a line, located on one side of the alveolar process at the level of the lower molars, which extends up to the proximities of the mental foramen. In this zone, the mandible lacks muscular insertions, for which the lateroalveolar canal corresponds to a bare zone of the mandible.
The retromolar fossa and the lateroalveolar canal are clinically important since they correspond to a passing zone for infectious processes originated in the third molar region, called Chompret-L'Hirondel migratory abscesses (Libersa et al., 1982; Peron, 2004).
a) Retromolar triangle: Classically described as a region in a triangular shape, bordered by the two bifurcation lips of the temporal ridge and the distal surface of the last molar (Figún & Garino, 2001). This zone is a permanent structure of the mandible, its presence is independent of the existence of dentary pieces, and its shape is not always triangular. Figure 4 shows the most common shapes that the retromolar triangle takes according to Suazo et al., (2007a). It is crossed by a number of variable holes, average 27.1 of small diameter (0.04-0,25 mm) and 9.5 of greater diameter (0.25-1.9 mm). These holes allow the passing oframi of the buccinator artery that anastomize with the lower alveolar artery (Kodera & Hashimoto, 1995) and would allow the diffusion of the anaesthetic solution for the blocking of the lower alveolar nerve by filtration of the retromolar zone (Sandoval et al., 2008; Suazo et al., 2008a). At this level, the mean thickness of the cortex is 1.8mm (Suazo et al., 2007a), this dimension, together with the underlying cancellous bone, make the retromolar triangle zone a possible contributor of bone for grafts (Fakhry, 2011).
d) Mylohyoid line: Corresponds to a rough bone elevation which runs obliquely the medial surface of the mandibular body, extending up to the lower third molar region. The mylohyoid line gives insertion to the mylohyoid muscle in most of its extension; nevertheless, in its posterior end, it serves as anchorage for the mylopharyngeal portion of the upper constrictor muscle of the pharynx. Superiorly, this line seems to extend the medial lip of the retromolar triangle.
e) Cortex and cancellous bone tissue: The characteristics of the cortex and cancellous bone tissue of the third molar region vary depending on the region being analyzed; in the retromolar triangle region, it presents a mean thickness of 1.77mm (Suazo et al., 2008b), widening considerably towards the vestibule and thinning towards the lingual (Suazo et al., 2007).
Irrigation and drainage. The third molar region is irrigated mainly by collaterals of the lower alveolar and buccal arteries; additionally, collaterals of the lower masseteric, ascending palatine, mylohyoid, sublingual and submental arteries may participate (Castelli et al., 1975; Kawai et al., 2006).
The lower alveolar artery starts from the first segment of the maxillary artery in its infratemporal path. It originates the mylohyoid artery and then it introduces itself in the mandible through a mandibular foramen and completely runs the mandibular canal providing irrigation to the mandibular bone, to the posterior dentary pieces and to the dentary alveoli gingival process (Rouvière & Delmas, 2005). The lower alveolar artery is an important tail vessel, in case of an injury it starts a heavy bleeding very difficult to stop in a non-hospital minor surgery room (Jensen, 1974). The complete ligation of the lower alveolar artery is necessary in surgical procedures such as mandibulectomy or partial mandibular section (Pickerill, 1949); in these cases, the supplementary irrigation provided by the submental, sublingual and buccal arteries allows the dentary pieces to continue healthy (Fuakami et al., 2011).
The buccal artery originates from the maxillary artery, it relates to the buccinator muscle irrigating it, and then it ramifies irrigating the region and the mucosa of the oral vestibule in the posterior region of the mandible. This artery is responsible for the collateral irrigation that penetrates the mandible through the retromolar foramen or through the retromolar triangle foraminas.
It is important to highlight the ascending palatine artery. This vessel originates from the facial artery in its cervical course, in its first portion. The ascending palatine artery follows a superomedial course, coming in contact with the styloglossus muscle and with the anterior pillar of the soft palate. It provides irrigation to the pharyngeal wall, to the muscles of the zone and to the tonsillar region. During a surgical extraction of the lower third molar, the commitment of the anterior pillar of the soft palate, either due to an excessive extension of the flap or to an accidental movement of the instrument, may affect the ascending palatine artery or its conmittant veins, causing heavy bleeding in the region, which may obstruct the isthmus of the fauces (Funayama et al., 1994).
The venous drainage of the lower third molar region follows the course of the arteries. Most of the blood is directed to the pterygoalveolar venous confluent; additionally, it may continue towards the veins of the oral cavity floor of the tonsillar region and of the pterygomandibular space (Rouvière & Delmas).
The lymph drainage of the third molar region is in charge of multiple vessels which come together and accompanying the lower alveolar neurovascular axis. They mainly drain the submandibular and retropharynx lymph nodes, and also those found in the buccal region (Wang et al., 2011). In patients undergoing an infectious process of the region, it is possible to palpate a painful lymph node located against the basilar border, immediately anterior to the masseter muscle.
Innervation. The lower third molar region receives innervation of the lower alveolar nerve, buccal nerve, lingual nerve, and the cervical plexus nerve. Additionally, it has the collaboration of the mental and mylohyoid nerves.
The lower alveolar nerve, posterior terminal ramu of the mandibular nerve, is a mixed nerve that runs the infratemporal region until it penetrates the mandibular foramen; in this course the nerve may present various variations, both in its relationships and its communications (Roy et al., 2002; Sandoval et al., 2009; Sharma et al., 2011). In the mandibular canal, it is accompanied by the homonymous arteries and veins, providing innervation to the bone, pulp of the posterior pieces, and finishes dividing itself, at the level of the mental foramen, in an incisive ramus that innervates the mandibular body anterior region and a mental ramus that innervates the soft parts of the region and the lower lip.
The lingual nerve is an anterior terminal ramus of the mandibular nerve, it is a sensitive nerve which also carries parasympathetic efferent fibers for the secretion of the sublingual and submandibular glands. It is a thick nerve whose mean diameter is 2.56 mm (Karakas et al., 2007), and runs the infratemporal region and descends in search of the submandibular hiatus, through which it penetrates the paralingual space where it emits its terminal rami; at the height of the lower second molar, the lingual nerve makes a medial curve to surround the submandibular conduct and emit its terminal rami (Chan et al., 2010a). In its course, the lingual nerve can establish communications with the mylohyoid nerve, which completes its innervation and explains a percentage of aneasthetic failures (Behnia et al., 2000; Kim et al., 2004).
The buccal nerve originates from the lateral division of the temporobuccal nerve and provides sensitive innervation to the tegument and mucosa of the buccal region and to the mandible posterior region gum. This nerve has a very superficial course in the lower third molar region, especially when it runs through the anaesthetic triangle zone of the posterosuperior surface; thus, it is only necessary to introduce the needle 1 mm and infiltrate anaesthesia to block the buccal nerve in the region.
The cervical plexus participates in the innervation of the region, its rami, the main one is the great auricular nerve, which, in a normal way, provide innervation to the mandibular triangle region. Its participation in the innervation of the lower third molar is not agreed upon, specially for the little presence of foraminas in the mandibular triangle region that these nerve threads may carry to the dentary piece. In spite of this discussion, the clinical use that intraoral infiltration in the mandibular triangle zone, of anaesthetic solution for blocking persistent pain in the third molar surgery, after the correct blocking of the buccal, lingual, and lower alveolar nerves, is not subject of doubt (Farache & Alonso, 1969; Tong, 2000).
Main risk elements. Mandibular canal: The mandibular canal is a course that runs the mandible longitudinally from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen; it has a lower alveolar neurovascular axis. In the lower third molar region, the mandibular canal acquires and ovoid shape with a maximum vertical diameter of 2.85mm and a maximum horizontal diameter of 2.45mm. It is in this region where the canal has its maximum proximity to the dentary pieces. The mean distance of the canal to the vestibular cortex is 5.9mm, while the lingual cortex is 2.74 (Suazo et al., 2007b). There are three habitual presentations of the mandibular canal: sharp turn (53.2%), soft curved exit (28.8%), and straight path (17.4%), The canal runs close to the third molar and then it moves away from the dentary pieces and finally moves close again at the level of the mental foramen (Ozturk et al., 2011).
The mandibular canal may be accompanied by accessory canals or it may be bifid or trifid. The accessory mandibular canal runs parallel to the main canal and has a prevalence of 1.7% (Suazo et al., 2011), presents an independent foramen from the mandibular foramen, and it is located in a superior plane in relation to the main canal.
The multiple mandibular canals start from the mandibular canal in its intra-bone course, they do not have their own foramen and may be found in a superior or inferior position in relation to the main canal. The literature describes a varied incidence, while the bifid canals are between 0.08% to 75 % (Grover & Lorton, 1983; Naitoh et al., 2009), the trifid canals are scarse and there are only case reports estimating their prevalence at 2,2% (Bogdán et al., 2006; Auluck et al., 2007).
Another important piece of information can be found in relation to the mandibular canal, called Conduct of Serres or paramandibular canal. This formation has been generally considered as an embryonic formation, meant to provide venous irrigation and drainage for deciduous dentition, for which it has been considered an anatomical variation in adults. These concepts have been discussed. Suazo et al. (2009), indicated that the prevalence of the conduct of Serres was 100% in mandibles of children between 0 and 2 years of age, 42.6% in adults (Fig. 6); while Rodriguez-Vasquez et al. (2011), indicated that the conduct of Serres seems to be a venous drainage route in the process of ossification of the mandible, whose development is independent of dentary germs.
Fig. 6. Male mandible of 40 years old, medial view. S = Serres´s canal;
MF=Mandibular foramen. Taken from Suazo et al., 2009.
Fig. 7. Photograph of the left lower third molar region, male adult corpse.
The mucosa has been opened and the relation between
the lingual nerve and the region. LN= lingual nerve.
CONCLUSION. The low third molar region has great importance in the odontostomatological practice due to the prevalence of the pathological processes and complications related to the development and evolution of the third molar involved in the practice. This is the reason why this region is subject of a great number of surgical procedures with the possibility of causing injuries to some of the risk elements of the zone.
Despite the importance that this region has for Odontology, it has not been considered as a topological region by classical anatomy or by anatomical terminology. With the present topological demarcation, the elements of the third molar region should be included in the gingivoalveolodentary, paralingual space, masseteric-parotid, buccal, pterygopharyngeal or tonsilar regions. This is not a criterion being applied; therefore, a proposal has been presented for thesystematization of the description of the lower third molar region.
Lingual nerve: In its course, at the level of the submandibular hiatus, the lingual nerve makes a close approach to the third molar region, located at this level immediately under the oral cavity floor mucosa, in average 3mm apically to the alveolar ridge and 2mm medially from the lingual cortex (Fig. 7) although in a high percentage the nerve may be found on the alveolar ridge, immediately under the mucosa, therefore, it is of great importance as an element of risk in surgical extraction of the lower third molar, in fact it is estimated that 2% of these interventions cause some kind of injury to the lingual nerve (Gregg, 1992). These anatomical studies show that in between 57.4% and 62% of the cases the lingual nerve is in immediate contact with the lingual cortex medial to the retromolar triangle (Kiesselbach & Chamberlain, 1984; Holzle & Wolff, 2001). Clinically, the position of the molar deep impaction, as well as linguoversion constitute the main risk factors for the injury of the lingual nerve during surgical extraction of the third molar (Akadiri et al., 2009), thus, its evaluation is necessary in pre-surgery planning (Chan et al., 2010b). When there are injuries of the lingual nerve, the sensitive, secreting and tasting functions are altered; these may be partially compensated by the communications that the lingual nerve establishes with the mylohyoid nerve (Kim et al.; Sassoli et al., 2007; Potu et al., 2009)
Retromolar canal: It is a variable structure, but when it is present it is a risk to be considered, especially in patients carriers of blood dyscrasias. The retromolar foramen and canal have anastomotic vessels that communicate venous and arterial circulation with lower alveolar vessels. The lesion of these structures can cause post-operatory haematomas and bleeding and their presence should be part of the imaging assessment protocol.
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Auluck, A.; Pai, K. M. & Mupparapu, M. Multiple mandibular nerve canals: radiographic observations and clinical relevance. Report of 6 cases. Quintessence Int., 38:7817, 2007. [ Links ]
Azaz, B. & Lustmann, J. Anatomical configurations in dry mandibles. Br. J. Oral Surg., 11(1):1-9, 1973. [ Links ]
Behnia, H.; Kheradvar, A. & Shahrokhi, M. An anatomic study of the lingual nerve in the third molar region.J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.,58:649-51, 2000. [ Links ]
Bogdán, S.; Pataky, L.; Barabás, J.; Németh, Z.; Huszár, T. & Szabó, G. Atypical courses of the mandibular canal: comparative examination of dry mandibles and x-rays. J. Craniofac. Surg., 17:48791, 2006. [ Links ]
Castelli. W. A.; Nasjleti, C. E. & Diaz-Perez, R. Interruption of the arterial inferior alveolar flow and its effects on mandibular collateral circulation and dental tissues. J. Dent. Res., 54:708-15, 1975. [ Links ]
Celebic, A.; Valentic-Peruzovic, M.; Kraljevic, K.; & Brkic, H.. A study of the occlusal plane orientation by intra-oral method (retromolar pad). J. Oral Rehabil., 22(3):233-6, 1995. [ Links ]
Chan, H. L.; Benavides, E.; Yeh, C. Y.; Fu, J. H.; Rudek, I. E. & Wang, H. L. Risk assessment of lingual plate perforation in posterior mandibular region: a virtual implant placement study using cone-beam computed tomography. J. Periodontol., 82:129-35, 2010a. [ Links ]
Chan, H. L.; Leong, D. J.; Fu, J. H.; Yeh, C. Y.; Tatarakis, N. & Wang, H. L. The significance of the lingual nerve during periodontal/implant surgery. J. Periodontol., 81:372-77, 2010b. [ Links ]
Fakhry, A. The mandibular retromolar area as a donor site in maxillofacial bone grafting: surgical notes. Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent., 31:275-83, 2011. [ Links ]
Farache, S. & Alonso, N. Contribution of the cervical plexus to the innervation of the mandible. Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent., 57:76-8, 1969. [ Links ]
Figún, M. & Garino, R. Anatomía Odontológica Funcional y Aplicada. 2 ed. Buenos Aires, El Ateneo, 2001. [ Links ]
Fuakami, K.; Shiozaki, K.; Mishima, A.; Shimoda, S.; Hamada, Y. & Kobayashi, K. Detection of buccal perimandibular neurovascularisation associated with accessory foramina using limited cone-beam computed tomography and gross anatomy. Surg. Radiol. Anat., 33:141-6, 2011. [ Links ]
Funayama, M.; Kumagai, T.; Saito, K. & Watanabe, T. Asphyxial death caused by postextraction hematoma.Am. J. Forensic. Med. Pathol., 15(1):8790, 1994. [ Links ]
Gregg, J. Surgical management of lingual nerve injuries. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Clin. Am., 4(2):417-24, 1992. [ Links ]
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Holzle, F. W. & Wolff, K. D. Anatomic position of the lingual nerve in the mandibular third molar region with special consideration of an atrophied mandibular crest: an anatomical study. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 30:333-8, 2001. [ Links ]
Jensen, S. Hemorrhage after oral surgery. An analysis of 103 cases. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol., 37(1):2-16, 1974. [ Links ]
Karakas, P.; Zel, M. & Koebke, J. The relationship of the lingual nerve to the third molar region using radiographic imaging. Br. Dent. J., 203 (1): 29-31, 2007. [ Links ]
Kawai, T.; Sato, I.; Yosue, T.; Takamori, H. & Sunohara, M. Anastomosis between the inferior alveolar artery branches and submental artery in human mandible. Surg. Radiol. Anat., 28(3):308-310, 2006. [ Links ]
Khoury, J. & Townsend, G. Neural blockade anaesthesia of the mandibular nerve and its terminal branches: rationale for different anaesthetic techniques including their advantages and disadvantages. Anesthesiol. Res. Pract., 2011:307-423, 2011. [ Links ]
Kiesselbach, J. E. & Chamberlain, J. G. Clinical and anatomic observations on the relationship of the lingual nerve to the mandibular third molar region. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 42:565-7, 1984. [ Links ]
Kim, S.Y.; Hu, K. S.; Chung, I. H.; Lee, E.W. & Kim, H. J. Topographic anatomy of the lingual nerve and variations in communication pattern of the mandibular nerve branches.Surg. Radiol. Anat.,26:128-35, 2004. [ Links ]
Kodera, H. & Hashimoto, I. A case of mandibular retromolar canal: elements of nerves and arteries in this canal. Kaibogaku Zasshi, 70(1):23-30, 1995. [ Links ]
Libersa, J. C.; Francke, J. P.; Boudin, G.; Goudaert, M. & Libersa, C. Anatomical basis for the surgical approach to the dental roots. Anat. Clin., 3:221-7, 1982. [ Links ]
López, F. B.; Suazo, G. I.; Cantín, L. M. & Sandoval, M. C. Biomethrics study of the retromolar pad. Int. J. Odontostomat., 2(1):22-5, 2008. [ Links ]
McCrorie, J. W. & Hall, D. C. A Histological Investigation of the Retromolar and Pear-Shaped Pad. Dent. Pract. Dent. Rec., 15:237-9, 1965. [ Links ]
Muto, T. & Kanazawa, M. Mandibular reconstruction using the anterior part of the ascending ramus: Report of two cases. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 55:1152, 1997. [ Links ]
Naitoh, M.; Hiraiwa, Y.; Aimiya, H. & Ariji, E. Observation of bifid mandibular canal using cone-beam computerized tomography. Int J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants, 24:1559, 2010. [ Links ]
Nakayama, Y.; Aoki, Y.; Fujita, H. & Saigusa, K. Simple methods of forced oral opening for cadavers oriented to causes of fixed mandible. Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi, 52:202-6, 1998. [ Links ]
Narayana Nayak, U. A.; Ahmed, W. N., Bhat, J. G. & Devaiah, B. A. The retromolar foramen and canal insouth Indian dry mandibles. Eur. J. Anat., 6:1416, 2002. [ Links ]
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Petruzzelli, G. J.; Knight, F. K.; Vandevender, D.; Clark, J. I. & Emami, B. Posterior marginal mandibulectomy in the management of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 129(6):713-9, 2003. [ Links ]
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Rodríguez-Vázquez, J. F.; Verdugo-López, S. & Murakami, G. Venous drainage from the developing human base of mandible including Meckel's cartilage: the so-called Serres' vein revisited. Surg. Radiol. Anat., 33(7):575-81, 2011. [ Links ]
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Sandner, M.O. Tratado de Cirugía oral y Maxilofacialo. Introducción básica a la enseñanza. Ed. AMOLCA, México, 2007. [ Links ]
Sandoval, M. C.; Suazo, G. I.; Cantín, L. M. & López, F. B. Pilot study of the inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia via the retromolar triangle in patients of 40 to 60 years. Int. J. Odontostomat., 2(1):8-13, 2008. [ Links ]
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Suazo, I.; Cantín, M. & Zavando, D. Inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia via retromolar triangle, an alternative for patients with blood discrasias. Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Cir. Bucal, 13(1):E43-7, 2008a. [ Links ]
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Suazo, G. I. C.; Zavando, M. D. A. & Cantin, L. M. Retromolar canal and foramen prevalence in driedmandibles and clinical implications. Int. J. Odontostomat., 2(2):183-7, 2008b. [ Links ]
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Prof. Dr. Iván Suazo G.
Faculty of Medicine
Universidad Diego Portales
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received: 18-06-2012
Accepted: 19-06-2012

subset: commoncrawl


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Just wanted to get the MMO champs opinion why a comp would turn off byself besides a Virus or a bad CPU fan.
Just wanted to get the MMO champs opinion why a comp would turn off byself besides a Virus or a bad CPU fan.
Could possibly be power supply. Need more details of what you're doing when it turns off.
Bad/underspec PSU is also a problem that can cause shutdowns. If the voltage supplied by the PSU is unstable, the system will be unstable or 'protection' features kick in and shutdown the computer. If the system draw is more than what the PSU can handle or the PSU is overheating, the PSU's protection circuits will shut the unit down.
It gives me 4 Mobo beeps when it restart only sometimes
So, you're doing what exactly when it shuts off and the mobo beeps? Streaming? Playing a demanding game? Nothing?
Id say it it the power supply. But the beeps also say bad RAM to me.
Sounds like hardware to me, though there are many issues that could cause random shutdowns, any one of the components connected to your computer could be causing it. You mentioned 4 beeps, without knowing what kind of bios you have (it'll be visible when you first power up Examples such as AMI, Award, etc...) and the sequence of beeps (which ones are short and which ones are long) It's tough to know exactly what your computer is complaining about.


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Bijan Parsia wrote: > On 16 Feb 2009, at 14:34, Julian Reschke wrote: > >> Bijan Parsia wrote: >>> On 16 Feb 2009, at 12:06, Julian Reschke wrote: >>> ... >>> DTDs with errors in major coursework in the presence of oXygen and >>> pretty extensive training is within the past few weeks. >>> ... >> >> Were the students told how to test their submissions? > > Have you ever used oXygen? The testing is built into the editing. No, I haven't. So they didn't use it, apparently? > I notice you didn't say whether you found it easier to believe that my > graduate students earlier had trouble producing well formed XML. I have no opinion on that specifically. When I write DTDs, I always test them (by using them for validation, or transforming with Trang). When I write XML, I always test it by running it through an XML parser. > Thanks for giving additional evidence in support of my point. You did > not give, in your reply, a reliable procedure for testing XML well > formedness for many people. I'll not that your instructions involve The procedure is to run the XML through an XML parser. How to invoke that parser is platform-specific. I only mentioned IE because that's something available to something like 90% of the users, out of the box. > using a browser in a way that many (most) users of browsers would not > expect to use it or a rather obscure tool. Furthermore, your > instructions are incomplete, as I'm pretty sure that a .txt suffix on > the file name for this content: > """<test> > <foo>dfdf<b>fd</foo></b> > </test ref="dfsdf>""" > > will load it without giving any errors. (Checked, so it did.) And if I > serve it with the right mime type, even the .xml won't help. Yes. So? Works as designed. Teach people how to do it right. > I reiterate that it is, prima facie, non-trivial in many computing > environments to produce well formed XML. It may not be trivial to produce it, but it *is* trivial to test it. > ... >> Users authoring docbook or XSLTs do not seem have trouble with it. > > Those are pretty expert audience, esp. the XSLT. > ... I'd expect there to be more XSLT users than DocBook users. Anyway. > ... > In fact, the problems tended to occur in elements I didn't *care* about. > So, in order to extract some data, I have to fix all the well-formedness > errors *then* use my XQuery? > ... Actually, the producer is supposed to fix the bug, not the consumer :-) > ... BR, JulianReceived on Monday, 16 February 2009 15:58:42 UTC
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After interviewing over 1,200 hiring and recruitment managers and 1,200 consumers in the United States, the U.K., Germany and France, a December 2009 Microsoft-commissioned study revealed the tremendous impact candidate's online identity had on their selection criteria.
79 percent of those surveyed reviewed online information about job applicants.
70 percent said they rejected candidates based on what they found.
Read about all the findings in the PDF publication or PowerPoint presentation, "Online Reputation in a Connected World".
Along with the report, Microsoft offers good advice on taking charge of your online reputation by monitoring and protecting it, including:
- Search "your name" and find out what already exists about you online.
- Search any variations of your name that you've ever used, and typical misspellings of your name.
- Sign up for Google Alerts for "your name" to be notified when your name is published anywhere online.
- Be very careful about safeguarding your personal information.
- Choose online photos thoughtfully.
- Watch language and content.
- Take action against negative information people publish about you.
Related posts:
Does Your Online Identity Scream "Hire Me"?
Online Executive Personal Branding: Are You Digitally Distinct?
10 Ways to Build Your Personal Brand Online Without a Blog


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When Medicare was introduced in the state of North Dakota in 1966, Noridian worked behind the scenes to become one of the program's smoothest running administrative engines. When Maryland became the first state to build a health benefit exchange system, Noridian's flexible solution was their choice.
In the years in between, Noridian has been innovating in health care administration and outsourcing and developing the technology to do it most effectively.
CMS has specifically recognized Noridian's performance on the Jurisdiction D contract through awards such as these:


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U.S. Stocks Rise, Treasuries Drop on Economy Confidence
U.S. stocks rose, with the Standard & Poor's 500 Index approaching a record, while Treasuries retreated amid continued confidence in the strength of the world's largest economy. Emerging-market equities capped the biggest weekly gain in five months, and gold and silver rallied.
The S&P 500 Index climbed 0.5 percent at 4 p.m. in New York, putting the gauge within 10 points of its all-time high. The yield on 10-year Treasuries rose one basis point to 2.74 percent. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index added 1.3 percent as the Turkish and Brazilian benchmark indexes advanced. The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index fell to the lowest this year. Argentine bonds rallied after the government started a new inflation index. Gold held above $1,300 an ounce and silver had the longest rally since March 2008.
Consumer confidence in the U.S. was stronger than projected in February as Americans grew more upbeat about the economy. Factory output unexpectedly declined in January by the most since May 2009, adding to evidence severe winter weather weighed on growth. The euro-area's gross domestic product expanded 0.3 percent in the fourth quarter, up from 0.1 percent in the previous three months.
"I think the market is still believing that the economy is moving in the right direction," Robert Pavlik, chief market strategist at Banyan Partners LLC, which manages $4.5 billion, said in a phone interview. "Most of the reports are being negatively affected by the weather. Folks are looking to buy on the dips."
Stocks Rebound
The S&P 500 (SPX) rallied 2.3 percent this week, its best of the year. It advanced six of the past seven days and is up 5.6 percent from a three-month low on Feb. 3 on speculation economic growth is strong enough to withstand further cuts to monetary stimulus. The index had fallen as much as 5.8 percent from a record 1,848.38 on Jan. 15 on signs of slowing growth in China and a rout in emerging-market currencies.
Fed Chair Janet Yellen said this week U.S. growth has strengthened and that only a "notable change in the outlook" for the economy would prompt policy makers to slow the pace cuts to the monthly bond-buying program.
The Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan preliminary index of U.S. consumer sentiment was unchanged in February from a month earlier at 81.2. The median estimate in a Bloomberg survey of 74 economists called for a decline to 80.2. Forecasts ranged from 76.5 to 86.
The 0.8 percent decrease at manufacturers followed a revised 0.3 percent gain the prior month that was weaker than initially reported, figures from the Fed showed. The median forecast in a Bloomberg survey of economists called for a 0.1 percent advance.
'Rebound Coming'
"There is an expectation that weather is involved in the economic weakness and that a rebound is coming in March, April," John Augustine, chief market strategist at Cincinnati-based Fifth Third Bancorp, said in a phone interview. His firm oversees $27 billion.
U.S. equities have also climbed this week amid better-than-forecast corporate earnings. Seventy-five percent of the 400 companies that have posted results this season beat analysts' estimates for profit and 64 percent exceeded sales projections, data compiled by Bloomberg show.
Among stocks moving today, Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. jumped 5.8 percent after the iron miner reported earnings that topped estimates. Campbell Soup Co. advanced 5 percent as second-quarter profit exceeded forecasts and the company reiterated its target for full-year adjusted income. Occidental Petroleum Corp. gained 3.8 percent after saying it will split its operations in California as one of the final steps of a breakup plan.
Agilent Drops
Agilent Technologies Inc. fell 8 percent for the biggest decline in the S&P 500. The company lowered its full-year forecast for adjusted earnings to between $2.96 and $3.16, from its earlier projection for $3.03 to $3.33.
The MSCI Emerging Markets Index's gain today pushed the week's rally gain to 2.2 percent, the most since the period ended Sept. 20. The Borsa Istanbul 100 Index jumped 1.8 percent as Turkiye Garanti Bankasi AS led a rally in lenders, while homebuilders drove gains in Brazil's Ibovespa.
"Emerging markets are leveraged to the economies Europe and the U.S., and good economic data from these regions is certainly a favorable development," Timothy Ghriskey, chief investment officer at New York-based Solaris Group LLC, which manages about $1.5 billion in assets, said by phone. "We see
The Shanghai Composite Index added 0.8 percent and is 3.5 percent higher this week. The Hang Seng China Enterprises Index of mainland companies listed in Hong Kong added 0.6 percent.
Currency Moves
China's consumer price index rose 2.5 percent from a year earlier, the National Bureau of Statistics said today, the same pace as in December.
Australia's dollar rallied following a two-day decline after the price data from China, the nation's biggest trading partner. It rose 0.6 percent to 90.36 U.S. cents.
Hungary's forint strengthened 0.7 percent against the euro, after the economy grew the most in seven years in the fourth quarter. The benchmark BUX index of stocks added 1.2 percent.
The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index, which monitors the greenback against 10 major peers, fell 0.3 percent to 1,017.57, the lowest level since Dec. 17. The pound reached an almost three-year high versus the greenback on better-than-forecast construction output. The euro strengthened 0.1 percent to $1.3699 and the yen gained 0.4 percent to 101.80.
Gold rose 1.4 percent to settle at $1,318.60 an ounce in New York. The metal rose 4.2 percent this week, the most since Aug. 16. Silver climbed 5 percent for a 10th straight gain.
West Texas Intermediate oil declined 5 cents to settle at $100.30 a barrel, holding above $100 for a fourth time this week.
European Stocks
The Stoxx Europe 600 Index climbed 0.6 percent to cap its best week of the year, as two shares advanced for every one that declined. ThyssenKrupp AG climbed 3.8 percent after Germany's largest steelmaker reported first-quarter profit that beat analyst estimates. Banco Popolare SC gained 4 percent after Bank of America Corp. increased its price estimate for Italy's fourth-biggest bank.
''This is the third consecutive quarter of positive growth in the euro zone, but comes with the additional charm of much broader-based growth spreading beyond the core countries," Evelyn Herrmann, an economist at BNP Paribas SA in London, said in a note.
Italy's 10-year yield slipped two basis points to 3.69 percent, after dropping to 3.66 percent on Feb. 12, the lowest since February 2006. The rate on similar-maturity Spanish securities slid as much as five basis points to 3.57 percent, the lowest since March 2006.
To contact the reporters on this story: Callie Bost in New York at firstname.lastname@example.com; Jeremy Herron in New York at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Michael P. Regan at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Doomed from the beginning.
Head football coach at a major college program. Native to the state the school resides within. Considers the role his dream job. Told by an incoming athletic director they can't win it all with him coaching. Asked to finish up his contract by mentoring a youthful newcomer as a head-coach-in-waiting.
Doomed from the beginning.
The most bizarre chapter of the book-in-waiting about this highly negative college football off-season had its origin back in late December…the hiring of Dana Holgorsen as (eventual) Head Coach of the West Virginia Mountaineers…simultaneously beginning the deconstruction of Bill Stewart as (actual) Head Coach of WVU.
The New York Times reconstructed the sequence of events as it knew them once Stewart "resigned" his position earlier this month…and Holgorsen assumed the role he was eventually going to get one way or the other.
Adding to the circus atmosphere of this "shotgun wedding" in Mountaineer land was the fact Holgorsen's agreement included a clause giving him a raise if he became head man before or during this coming football season.
Doomed from the beginning.
How Athletic Director Oliver Luck was even allowed by the school's President to craft this dead-on-arrival business plan simply can't be explained. Stewart went 28-12 in three seasons as Head Coach but failed to get the Mountaineers into the promised land of the BCS. If that wasn't good enough…and he's not "your guy"…fire him. Under this ill-fated transition arrangement, Stewart was left to twist in the wind…finish out his coaching career at West Virginia while utilizing Holgorsen as his newly forced-upon offensive coordinator…and then walk off into the coaching sunset to take an admin role thereafter.
Needless to say, the now 59-year-old Stewart had to be less than thrilled at not only being shown the door…but having to play doorman for the flashy 40-year-old offensive coordinator guru Holgorsen. The whole thought of it must have been humiliating…especially under the premise the basis for all this was according to Luck, Stewart didn't offer the greater potential for success his replacement did.
This is the point in the saga where I say I never try to judge others or their motivations when it comes to employment. I have enough personal experience with employers and work environments to refrain from acting like I know what someone should or should not do in their job situation…especially from a distance…I can only imagine being in their shoes. Yet…
Doomed from the beginning.
It could have been as simple as Stewart wanted very deeply to remain a WVU employee in that admin role. His competitive spirit possibly wanted one more run for glory at his dream job, feeling he could leave his beloved institution on a high note. Maybe he was still interested in coaching elsewhere and Stewart just wanted to show how classy a person he could be in riding all this insanity out. Maybe he just needed the money. Maybe it was pride.
Somewhere, all those feelings I'm imagining Stewart had must have gotten shaken and stirred…and what came pouring out was a poisonous concoction to kill the career of the man he was agreeing to mentor.
The only career that got killed was Stewart's.
Doomed from the beginning.
Stewart contacted at least two reporters covering WVU in mid-December and asked them to "dig up something" about Holgorsen's lack of character and "get it out" just days before all of this was being finalized. Stewart's true lack of passion for the arrangement going forward didn't come to light until May…when Holgorsen helped the narrative along by getting a police escort out of a casino in West Virginia while intoxicated.
At this point, a third reporter indicated this wasn't the FIRST time Holgorsen had thrown back too many in public. While West Virginia was investigating if those multiple drinking rumors were true and it appeared Holgorsen's employment at WVU would be quite short-lived, one of the original reporters asked to "dig up something" on Holgorsen was asked if he felt Stewart might have something to do with those additional drinking incident rumors. Stewart's desperate December dishonesty was finally revealed in an honest answer…to an honest question.
Doomed from the beginning.
Luck's explanation…"At the time I thought it made a lot of sense. I thought it was good management practice." He based his logic on similar "on-deck" scenarios carried out with the Wisconsin and Oregon programs. That made him – if possible – sound even more incompetent since those two incumbent/successor changes were conducted in controlled, professional environments that don't even compare to what was going on at West Virginia.
I hope it all works out for Holgorsen…it seems to me both he and Luck are on a short leash now. We shall see. As for Stewart…he could probably use a little "Country Roads" to leave on…


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Valley of the Grandes Eaux, Switzerland
Max Hansmann
Washington, D.C.
Digitized from a modern silver gelatin print from original platinum print
Hansmann was an active Capital Bicycle Club member who documented the clubhouse and many of the club excursions with his camera.
|Step Left to see the previous panel in detail.
|Step Back to see the whole wall again.
|Step Right to see the next photograph in detail.


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Our wilderness is under attack from Trump and anti-conservationists in Congress. Help us fight back. Your gift today will be MATCHED dollar for dollar!
Though everyone had a great time, this was no ordinary afternoon at AT&T Park.
Rocky Mountain National Park will be honoring the 100th anniversary of the park's protection for the next year, through Sept. 4, 2015.
America has more than 750 designated wilderness areas.
Stanton was sworn in as the first African-American director of the NPS in 1997, but his path to that lofty perch was not an easy one.
Selway-Bitterroot Frank Church Foundation (SBFC) is encouraging Idahoans to purchase license plates that salute the neighboring Selway-Bitterroot and Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness areas, with proceeds supporting stewardship of the two protected areas and trails.
In a wide-ranging discussion with Pedro Echevarria, Washington Journal's producer and host, Huntley discussed why the half-century old law that created a way for Americans to protect their most pristine wildlands for future generations is more important than ever.
A recent report has proved that trees are responsible for saving more than 850 human lives every year. The USDA Forest Service also discovered that trees prevent 670,000 incidents of acute respiratory illness
Congress has passed a bill to open the Refuge, but this fight is not over. Take our pledge to stand in unity with the refuge.


text:
Here's what I think happened in Ford's design studios late one night: There sat a designer who for years had faithfully turned out one uninspired sedan after another, one SUV that looked just like its predecessor, all of them dictated by a planning division bereft of even one original idea.
The designer looked out the window at that forlorn parking lot, where his was the only car left at this hour of the night. Then he opened a beer and thought about what he was doing there. Suddenly he had a brilliant idea.
By 5 in the morning, he had finished sketching out the first rough draft of the Ford Flex. And with that, as he headed for the doorway, somewhat bleary-eyed, he knew!, he really knew that he had cobbled up something really interesting. Wow, he thought.
Ford Motor Co.
The Flex is a big (201 inches long) hauler that is part station wagon, part crossover and part SUV. But its genius in the Department of Looks is the way it comes across as a piece of automotive sculpture (and this look is apparently not lost on the driving public, if the stares I got during a week of Flex-ing this Ford muscle was any indication).
The first impression is one of linear mass: the hood, roof, sides and tailgate are slabs, big smooth expanses of steel little relieved by any sort of sweep or decor — there are thin indented lines on the doors, and they simply give a little surcease to that relentless sweep of metal. There's a strong Art Deco feel about the car's body, a retro feel, and the horizontal metal accents that sweep clear across the tailgate make it look like one of those old 1950s toasters (and, to the BMW motorcycle crowd, maybe even like the old chrome-paneled "toaster" gas tanks on the bikes of the early 1970s.)
All of this is capped by another striking design feature — with its optional white or silver-painted roof, over the darker body color, it looks like a big, four-door version of a Mini Cooper.
Enough on the looks; what about the rest of it?
Inside, Ford has managed to create an upscale interior in which most of the gizmos you're going to use will fall readily to hand. (You'd be surprised how many auto makers manage to have the electric window lifts too far aft on the doors' armrests.)
The Flex is enormous inside. It comes with either six or seven-passenger seating. We had the six-passenger version, with an optional refrigerator unit positioned between the the second-row individual seats. But it's those second row seats that are great. Plenty of legroom. Feels almost like a stretched sedan (this car is, after all, based on a stretched Taurus platform.) There's a third row of seating and it's a bit tighter, but, then again, it will probably be reserved for children. With the third row up, there's a deep well in the rearmost part of the car.
On the road, the Flex is quiet, the suspension is about middle-road quasi-firm and there's enough power from the 3.5-liter, 262-horse V6 to get it down the road at more than anyone's speed limit.
Ford, in an apparent effort to attract buyers who might otherwise feel deprived, has added doo-dads that are probably not necessary — the cup holders have decorative inner rings that light up in different colors (you can program this little feature from a switch hidden in the center console armrest.) But there are also such useful items as adjustable seats and pedals and the requisite seat memory feature.
Of course, the Flex is not alone in the highly competitive field of upscale crossovers — you should also look at the General Motors quartet (GMC Acadia, Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook; all pretty much the same as each other), as well as Toyota's Highlander, Honda's Pilot and Hyundai's Veracruz.
They're all good vehicles, but they're all kind of derivative. To be generous, I should say they all do what they're supposed to do, and, yes, they're comfy and zippy and they haul a lot of stuff. But they're not stylish. The Flex is stylish. The Flex is what Bill Blass (or Ralph Lauren, car guy that he is) might have come up with if either of them was asked to do a car from scratch, without any preconceived notions.
Beauty, whether it's in a car, or a building, or a motorcycle, is all pretty subjective, and so the Flex may not be everyone's cup of Ford Motor Co. tea.
It's boxy. It's upright. It even evokes thoughts of wagons like the International Harvester Travelall, first made in the 1950s. The Flex, in its retro insouciance, is essentially saying this is the way this car wants to dress. If you like it, come along for the ride; if you don't, there are plenty of others out there. But none of them looks like this one.
Ford Motor Co.
2009 Ford Flex five-door all-wheel-drive crossover/SUV (also offered with front-wheel-drive).
Price: test model, $43,820. (base price $36,555)
Powertrain: 3.5-liter V6 262-horsepower engine; six-speed automatic transmission
Curb weight: 4,640 pounds.
Seating capacity: six or seven, depending on configuration.
Fuel consumption (AWD): 16 mpg, city; 22 mpg, highway.
Fuel tank capacity: 18.6 gallons.
Length: 201.8 inches; width: 88.8 inches (with mirrors); height: 68 inches; wheelbase: 117.9 inches.
Warranty: bumper to bumper: three years/36,000 miles; power train: five years/60,000 miles.
Dependability: Ford ranks 14th (above industry average) out of 37 brands on the J.D. Power and Associates 2008 Vehicle Dependability Study.
Safety: for vehicle safety ratings, visit the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Source: Ford Motor Co.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency


text:
What's the difference? Viking River, AMA, etc?
There are so many different European river boat companies. Those of you who have tried several, can you say there is a real difference, and if so wjat is it?
Is it better to go on newer boats than older ones? say, you had a choice between and older boat of one line, and a new boat on a line you may not like as much, but the same route:
Would you pick the boat or the cruise line?
Having taken three different lines - i would say the new boats (less than 2 years old) are worth booking, because they are that much nicer - new fremch balconies, wireless Internet, etc.
But as far as cruise lines. AMA or Viking River are my two favorites.
I would have chosen a cruise line. They are more comfortable than boats. And if you want to travel on a boat, it would be better to choose the new one. Hope you will enjoy your trip.
james Brown
***edited to remove commercial link***
Has anyone tried Scenic Tours? They seem to be the only one's with real balconies.
No, I haven't. But I have tried French balconies and for me they are just as good. You still get fresh air and clean pictures.
In fact, I would rather have the floor space in my cabin than on the balcony.
But I don't know Scenic Tours, there are probably other differences as well.
yeah totally agree with french balconies they're the best in views with lovely gf it's totally romantic isn't it ?? :P
Here is a simple checklist to decide which option is the best one for you. If you are a first timer with a boat then bareboat is not an option for you. For first timers a sailing instructor on board may work well. Now choose the boat. Too small may feel cramped. See the number of people on board and then select one. Check if the boat is well equipped and clean. New is always not the best. See the amenities available on board.
Personally, from the top, I would select;
Scenic Tours
Ama Waterways
There's also one that has caught my attention - they just opened up their cruises to the No. American market - Arosa. We checked out one of their boats when were were on our river cruise and were impressed with it. While we've not sailed on them, clients we have who spent time on them were impressed.
Tauck & Scenic Tours are the best, but they're also luxury class, so alot more expensive than the others.
We're hooked on river cruises and can't wait to go again - truly a wonderful way to visit cities on the rivers that you can't get to on an ocean cruise.
another vote for tauck
|All times are GMT -4. The time now is 12:58 AM.


text:
very VERY good
I'll give you a 5.
and add you to my fav's.
but one thing though. ninja's didn't use nunchaku's :)
that's the only wrong thing, but if you don't look at it like that :D
it's GREAT
its ok
its ok, not brilliant but not bad either
but i dont get how its rated lol "suitable for everyone"? it was fucking gory!
Good in Some Parts, Bad in Others
There were some parts of this video that were really well animated, and other parts that looked... well, lazy. I also don't understand why on Earth this ninja-d00d is running around slaughtering people. I guess it doesn't have to make sense if it's a request, or if it has a ninja in it.
>GRAPHICS got an 8 because it really was pretty good in a lot of places, but it would have gotten a higher score had that level of quality been spread through the entire video.
>STYLE got a 5 because I'm tired of ninja-d00ds. I mean, seriously - how cliche can you get?
>SOUND got a 7 because it fit pretty well, I suppose. I didn't like the song, but that's my own personal preference, and shouldn't have an effect on my scoring. The score would have been higher if there had been sound-effects.
>VIOLENCE got a 9 because there was quite a bit of blood, gore, and killing going on. In fact, the movie was centered around it. I personally don't like violence, but there sure was an awful lot of it, and most of it was pretty well drawn.
>INTERACTIVITY got a 3 - 1 point for the play button and 2 for the replay button.
>HUMOR got a 2 because of the happy dancing ninja at the end. Other than that, there was no humorous content - unless you find wanton violence funny, in which case it's a scream.
>OVERALL, I give the video a 7 because, while it was pretty good, it could have been a LOT better, and I also found myself wondering why I watched it when it was over. Just like I'm asking myself now why I'm reviewing it. ...Yeah.
I realize it was a request, so I can't really bash you for using an EXTREMELY stale topic. Good work, though!
...Also, why is it called .:NINJA-3:. ? Is this the third movie in a series, or did I miss something?
eh did like the violence
eh did like the violence
The end was such a ridiculous change of pace
That earns you a 10 in style.


text:
There's water, water everywhere in National Geographic News's most popular space coverage of 2009: A probe proved there's water on the moon, a Mars lander's leg got all wet, fishlike life may swim a Jupiter moon's seas, and more.
| 10. Star Crust Is Ten Billion Times Stronger Than Steel
Move over, Superman. The Man of Steel has nothing on the collapsed cores of massive snuffed-out stars, which constitute the strongest known material in the universe, a May study said.
| 9. Could Jupiter Moon Harbor Fish-Size Life?
"I'd be shocked if no life existed on Europa," one scientist said—and provocative research described in November suggested the moon's seas have enough oxygen for fishlike animals.
| 8. 32 New Planets Found Outside Our Solar System
The massive haul of new worlds brings the number of known extrasolar planets to more than 400, astronomers announced in October.
| 7. Liquid Water Recently Seen on Mars?
Mars pictures taken in Summer 2008 showed strange globs on the leg of the Phoenix Mars lander that seemed to behave like liquid water, a February paper reported.
| 6. Most Earthlike Planet Yet Found May Have Liquid Oceans
Measurements announced in April suggested that the planet known as Gliese 581d has a lot more in common with Earth than first thought—and it has a previously unknown sister planet that is the lightest yet found.
| 5. Particles Larger Than Galaxies Fill the Universe?
The oldest of the subatomic particles called neutrinos might each encompass a space larger than thousands of galaxies, according to new simulations described in June.
| 4. First Proof of Ancient Mars Lakeshores Found
High-resolution pictures of a Martian valley revealed three-billion-year-old shorelines along what was once a body of water about the size of Lake Champlain, researchers said in June.
| 3. Water on the Moon Confirmed by NASA Crashes
It's official: There's water on the moon—and a "significant amount" of it too, members of NASA's moon-crash mission, LCROSS, announced in November.
| 2. Green "Two-Tailed" Comet Buzzed Earth on One-Time Visit
When it swung through our solar system in late February, the recently discovered comet Lulin seemed to have a second tail and a green glow—and the sight will probably never again grace our nighttime skies.
| 1. Sun Oddly Quiet—Hints at Next "Little Ice Age"?
In May the sun was still the most sluggish it had been in decades, prompting concerns about a cooling effect on climate—but the dip in solar activity wouldn't be likely to fight global warming, researchers cautioned.
Top Ten Discoveries of 2009—Nat Geo News's Most Viewed >>
Top Ten Photo Galleries of 2009—Nat Geo News's Most Viewed >>


text:
Sarah Cummings and The Hotel Fredonia saved my upcoming wedding reception from the brink of a major disaster. My fiance and I had reserved another venue, only to find out that a major event was happening — the same night in the same location. Our guests and caterers would not have been able to get to the venue as the streets were to be blocked off for the majority of the day and evening. The customer service I received in trying to rectify this issue was extremely disappointing. …That's when I called Sarah at The Hotel Fredonia. She gave me the customer service that a Bride-to-be in a moment of crisis deserves. She calmed me down and took the information needed to make my special day spectacular. Within 30 minutes I had a proposal that included everything I needed and more to make our first night as a married couple as spectacular as it could be. I am forever grateful to her and The Hotel Fredonia for rescuing my wedding day and helping me regain my belief that fantastic people do exist.
Jennifer F., Nacogdoches, TX
Thank you so much for all the help with our reception. Everyone really enjoyed themselves. You all did an excellent job!
R. Steen, Lufkin, Texas
Thank you so much for making the Powers/Adkison wedding the greatest that it could ever be! The help during the set-up was far above the norm; the politeness of the staff was very sincere; the food was wonderful! I appreciate all of the staff and will certainly recommend the Hotel to be used as a wedding venue in the future.
R. Mills, All American Creations {Event Decorator}
I could not have planned this event without you. You have made everything run so smooth. Thanks Again!!!
Rosanna F., Houston, TX
I really appreciate all you did, I think the reception was a hit!
D. Sides, Lufkin, TX
I've photographed several weddings at the Hotel Fredonia. Their staff is always courteous and very attentive. My brides always have a great time!! Highly recommended.
James. J., Captured Photography


text:
I am Dave, I like to write and rp and err thats kind of it for now. More will be added when I can think of something.
Now pleased be to mock me mercilessly...
MOCKMOCKMOCKMOCKMOCKMOCK :P-{{Etheru}}
Hi shinny [[http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/nikkytok/nikkytok1011/nikkytok101100183/8316969-shiny-gold-star-against-orange-fireworks-background.jpg here a shiny star]] - stonedog
Thou hast been vandalized, my shiny friend! - {{Tropers/Randomman5}}


text:
Meet three Santa Fe super chefs. Saviors of hunger, each possess an extraordinary talent that makes our culinary world a better place to eat.
Joseph Wrede
Because they think less linearly, people with dyslexia are known to be abstract thinkers and creative problem solvers. And when they are imagining an idea, they have an advanced ability to see, hear, feel and sense what they are creating in their minds. This is why Joseph Wrede, owner and chef of Joseph's Culinary Pub (428 Agua Fria St., 982-1272), is able to create abstract food pairings in a single bound. The ingredients might be common, but his dishes are visionary. It's who he is and what he does. But not what he eats. "Oddball pairings attract me in my craft. It's what I do. But when I'm decompressing, I like to go simple. When I go out, I look for a more traditional dining experience so it doesn't convolute my work. I stay grounded and get rejuvenated in a place like Rio Chama," Wrede says. Serving "the finest prime and choice dry-aged steaks, chops and seafood," in the words of its website, Rio Chama also serves up Wrede's favorite: an uncomplicated shrimp cocktail. "The old-school flavor profiles are gratifying. The cocktail is simple, but they execute simple properly," he points out.
Russell Thornton
"It was easier to know it than to explain why I know it. If you were asked to prove that two and two made four, you might find some difficulty, and yet you are quite sure of the fact," summarizes Sherlock Holmes about his intuition. Much like Holmes, Russ Thornton, corporate chef at Rio Chama Steakhouse (414 Old Santa Fe Trail, 955-0765) foresees the future of Santa Fe cuisine. "Personally, I think this year restaurants will be offering more affordable meals to a younger crowd," Thornton says. "With their distinct preference for local and organic, farm-to-table will become mainstream; less processed foods and more identifiable ingredients will be used. These components will ultimately push what's on the menu and how chefs use their ingredients," he contines. When Thornton is not using his intuition for the good of his kitchen and his customers, he's using it for the good of the "craft beer revolution." Beer's place at the table is less codified than that of a bottle of wine. With a little detective work, unassuming American cuisine and Dale's Pale Ale on tap, Santa Fe Capitol Grill is a great place to unravel the mysteries of beer pairing. "Dale's is a backpacker's beer that typically only comes in cans; they have it on tap at Capitol, along with Lagunitas and a ton of other great microbrews," he says. "I like to pair them with Capitol's grilled artichoke hearts or one of their burgers. Oh, and beer aside, their butter cake is freaking delicious!"
Edgar Jimenez
Chile Man: a super hero name befitting for Edgar Jimenez, chef of Santa Fe Capitol Grill (3462 Zafarano Drive, 471-6800). Like Batman, his abilities are not innate. They were learned through a combination of culture and experience. Jimenez explains, "Mexico, where I'm from, and New Mexico have similar culinary flavors—the chile pepper is one of the basic ingredients in both cuisines. It's part of the Mexican culture to work with these chiles and to do something creative and different with them." And so throughout the years, he has: As a saucier, he worked with several varieties to create seven different chile salsas; at Capitol Grill, he works with chiles to create new American cuisine with some local flair; and when he eats chiles, he eats them draped in dark chocolate from CoCopelli Chocolatier. "The chile should give the chocolate just a little kick, otherwise it's too overwhelming to the point that you'd just rather eat a raw chile itself. The folks at CoCopelli get it right every time. But I have a sweet tooth for more than just chocolate, so I find myself at the Chocolate Maven…a lot." At the Maven (821 W San Mateo Road, 984-1980), Jimenez can get his chile fix from the comforting chile hot chocolate, the green chile croissant, a chile cheese brioche or the huevos rancheros, which, according to Jimenez, are "traditionally prepared and consistently satisfying."


text:
Skip to comments.White House spokesman jokes about Islamic attacks on Christian churches in Egypt
Posted on 08/21/2013 3:27:43 PM PDT by Nachum
The White Houses deputy press secretary today downplayed Muslim attacks on Christians in Egypt, joking about the savagery that has left at least six Christians dead.
Press secretary Josh Earnest was asked by Fox News correspondent, Ed Henry, if President Barack Obama has a red line beyond which he would act against Muslim attacks on Egyptian Christians.
Well, I didnt bring my red pen out with me today, Earnest joked.
After making his joke, Earnest said the administration is outraged and concerned about the Muslim attacks on almost 100 churches, monasteries, orphanages and other marked Christian sites. Many Christians shops and homes have also been looted and burned by mobs.
But Earnest didnt name or criticize the attackers, even though he did charge the military with perpetrating violence
against peaceful protestors.
(Excerpt) Read more at dailycaller.com ...
What a PIG he is.........to joke about a red line and killing of Christians
When will Congress impeach? I swear not a single incumbent will be getting my vote from now on in any election.
C'mon, this is a non-issue, and the Muslims murdering Christians is funny, just like it'll be hoot when Americans torch Muslim churches with Muslims inside...
I heard hussein was passing out candies for every new Christian death he hears about. Double if it was a woman or child.
maybe, just maybe, the crusades was the right thing?
just asking.
I mean, they did not have the MSM or PC back then.
Hey come on - if 6 black children were killed in Birmingham Alabama - I'm sure Josh Earnest would have made the same joke... it's funny - dead Christian jokes rock - lighten up. /s
That's what all the gun control is about .
That's what the immigration bill with entry quotas for a bunch of muslims is all about (the Mexicans are just cover for an invasion )
That's what Obamacare is all about - a tax on all NON MUSLIMS that encourages stupid young people who do not believe in anything to become a muslim to not have to pay it
No respect for life, God, or man --except for one man. Karl Marx. How bizarre is that?
From the same outfit that, only a few weeks ago, called the Baghdad bombers "enemies of Islam."
.....Except that Americans are ARMED to the teeth that is why.
Many Americans will not comply with any UN law or treaty. They will simply keep their guns.
I'll be here all week, and two shows on Saturday. Try the meatloaf.
Fn guy
When the top guy is outraged he shows it. He didn't show any outrage over his buddies killing Christians and attacking churches because he favors it.
Obama thinks more of his new dog than he does of Christians.
Who is this little sh*t Ernst or Ernest or whatever? Someone needs to slap some respect into him.
just like slick wille the vp is more stupid.
"Earnest joked."
He's so cute.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
Small Tips for Small Business
Posted On:08/01 at 03:56 PM
As a business owner, become aware of the subtle nuances and differences between something as simple as bank accounts. ... Read More
4 Ways Freedom First Can Help Your Business
Posted On:02/02 at 11:02 AM
... Read More
Starting a Business While Working Full Time
Posted On:10/13 at 05:08 PM
Do you have a great business idea, but are unable to find the time to start it? Lolly Daskal, president and CEO of Lead From Within, has great tips on how to start a business while managing a full-time job. ... Read More
Common Small Business Lending Factors
Posted On:09/29 at 04:37 PM
If you're applying for a small business loan to grow your business, your list of action items is even longer. You need to finalize your business plan, get all your financials in order, shop for the perfect loan product, complete your application – it may seem like the list grows every minute. ... Read More
How to Start a Company at Age 50
Posted On:09/28 at 02:58 PM
Stacey Horowitz, founder and CEO of Women 2.0, shares her story of how a trip to South America inspired her to start a business and make a difference in the lives of impoverished communities. ... Read More
Six Mistakes to Avoid When You're Streamlining Your Business
Posted On:08/25 at 11:12 AM
Streamlining doesn't mean cutting corners or sacrificing quality. Molly Reynolds, President of Public Relations at Trepoint, has advice for businesses that want to begin the process of streamlining. ... Read More
Top Five Things to Know About EMV Chip Card Technology
Posted On:07/06 at 02:46 PM
Here are five things your customers need to know to ensure their business is chip card ready. ... Read More
2015 Tax News for Businesses
Posted On:01/14 at 12:09 PM
Freedom First summarizes five changes that may make this tax season a little less cold and dreary for small businesses. ... Read More
Managing Business Growth In Todays World
Posted On:10/08 at 11:06 PM
Business, like the economy that drives it, is cyclical. There are many models, but economists generally agree that all businesses go through stages ranging from survival to growth to maturity … and often repeat the process. ... Read More
Financing Your Business Today
Posted On:10/08 at 11:04 PM
Startup Financing: Pay Yourself First After several years of exceptionally tight lending standards, investors and financial institutions are once again extending credit to consumers and businesses. Before you apply for financial support, however, be sure that you have mastered financial management. ... Read More


text:
Hold your breath for Dave Dunn's latest injury
Rovers are sweating on the fitness of David Dunn for the remainder of the season after he picked up a calf injury on Monday night.
Dunn has a long history of niggles, cramps, pulls and injuries and the latest one came after a bout an hour of the 0-1 reverse to Man City on Monday night.
Dunn has been putting in a barnstorming performance up to that point but his latest setback could yet see him miss more than this weekend's action.
However and here is a massive shock, Steve Kean is staying optimistic.
Kean told sky Sports - 'David felt a strange feeling in his leg and came off'
'We are hoping it is only fibres, rather than anything more serious.'
Here's hoping, he is rated as doubtful for the crunch clash with Bolton on Saturday.


text: What a great time today,Kyle!! An awesome tourney even with a bit of a drizzle of rain. Congrats to Larry Batchelor on some damn fine disc golf. Congrats to all who played today and mostly to the three youngsters who all went away with prizes and some good disc experience. Great Dubs round to my partner,Matt Hylton,-4 thru 18. Everyone be sure to give a shout out to Kyle and Heather for such a fine job of keeping the golf going.


text:
October 21, 2009
Movin', movin', movin'...
That's the good news. The bad news? My home theater/gaming setup is looking pretty sad right now. The 46-inch Sony Bravia is propped up on a couple of end tables, and while I've got the DVR, PS3, and Xbox 360 hooked up to the TV, the Onkyo receiver and speakers are still sitting in a closet...and yes, that means all the sound is currently being piped through the Sony's built-in speakers. I've got the fake surround sound enabled, but...c'mon, that's no match for a true 5.1 speaker system, right?
What's the holdup, you ask? Well, we need to find the right media stand for our new living room (it has to be just the right width/height), and we'll also need a rug to hide the wires for the rear speakers. Both items have to be...just so, I'm told. And that means I'll have to be patient. As in 3-4 weeks patient.
Still...I've got this great home office now, with a desk, so no need to break down all my equipment every night. And that means more productivity, more writing, and more blogging goodness.
That's the plan, anyway. Wish me luck.
Posted by Ben Patterson at 10/21/2009 04:18:00 PM
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text:
- eng
- 简体中文
- sin
Stripping Insurance Bare
Building a mobile-first brand from scratch meant that we could create a user experience from the ground up that revolved around the habits and nuances of user profiles that we had tried and tested across Singapore, China and Thailand.
And whilst responsive was an expected hygiene factor, building a responsive, mobile-first platform around the complex needs of Asia's insurance consumers was definitely a first.
Coming from the clutter of a 'push' industry where insurance policies and insurance sales are typically hard-sell, the design needed to be awkwardly clean and inviting for an insurance platform in Asia. The bright colours and design intricacies made no compromise with latency, ensuring everything loaded intuitively fast, reading the hand-holding the consumer at every turn of the site to prevent drop out.
The end result is an easy, intuitive user-interface design and a seamless user-experience that is set to send ripples through the insurance category in Asia.
Visit the page at www.gobear.com.


text: Tiger Woods admitted "transgressions" today and asked the public for privacy as his family deals with the issue. Rumors have been swirling since his early morning car accident over the Thanksgiving weekend. The exact extent of his transgressions are not yet known, but with the gossip sites digging deep they are likely to surface sometime soon. His personal life did little to make him famous but it may severely damage his image. For more than a decade he has been able to keep much of his life private. This seems to be coming to an end rather quickly. It remains to be seen how this will affect the legacy of a man who has changed the game more than anyone before him.


text:
When was the first history of slaves?
- print Print
- list Cite
The first documented history of slaves would most likely be ancient Egypt since it is part of their hieroglyphics dipicting the slaves that build the pyramids of Egypt. Slavery as been around since ancient civilizations and is apart of our human history. Since it would not be completely certain, its hard to say what is the very first documented history of slavery, so generally you can note that it was apart of ancient civilizations such as Egypt.
Slavery has been documented as early as 9000 B.C. when anthropologists unearthed remains in southern Africa in which a group of pygmies were shackled together. In ancient Babylonia, King Hammurabi's code includes specific guidelines concerning the treatment of slaves. Egyptian hieroglyphics also detail the enslaving of other human beings.
I tend to believe that slavery is as old as mankind itself. In all kinds of animals living in groups, the practice of the dominant member of the group imposing restriction on freedom on other members of the groups. In some, the practice of actual slavery exist, where insect of one species invade and enslave all members of a group of similar, but slightly different, species. Knowing the selfish nature of humans and existence of practice of slavery even in other living beings with much lower level of development, it is not difficult to believe that slavery among humans is as old as the mankind.
Definite indications and proofs of slavery since ancient times are available through several sources. The first well known case of slavery practiced by civilized people is provided by Sumerians in Mesopotamia. In this civilization, the slaves formed the lowest class of society about 3500 B.C.