text:
GB.270/12 and Corr.
Report of the Committee on Technical Cooperation
1. The Committee on Technical Cooperation met on 10 and 11 November 1997. It was chaired by Ms. A.C. Diallo (Government, Senegal). Mr. Hoff and Mr. Mayaki, respectively Employer Vice-Chairperson and Worker Vice-Chairperson, were present.
2. The Committee had the following agenda:
1. The ILO's technical cooperation programme, 1996-97.
2. The ILO's resource mobilization strategy.
3. Further developments concerning operational activities in the United Nations system.
4. Internal measures taken to enhance the ILO's technical cooperation programme.
3. The Chairperson recalled that the technical cooperation programme and the resource mobilization strategy were implemented in the framework of the ILO's Active Partnership Policy (APP). She referred to the evaluation of the APP by the Governing Body and the programme of missions to selected countries, which had been executed by the Working Group in September-October 1997. She expressed appreciation for the support received from governments and the social partners in the countries visited and from the ILO's field structure. The Committee would review the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations in March 1998.
4. She recalled that in 1999 the International Labour Conference would hold a general discussion on technical cooperation. Discussions in the Committee would be used to provide input for the report that would be submitted to the Conference.
The ILO's technical cooperation programme, 1996-97:
Internal measures taken to enhance the ILO's
technical cooperation programme
5. Introducing these items, the representative of the Director-General (Mrs. Chinery-Hesse, Deputy Director-General) reiterated the importance the Office attached to the Committee's guidance. Since a cornerstone of the Active Partnership Policy was a constituent-led approach to the determination of objectives and the assessment of the impact of technical cooperation programmes, the Office had endeavoured to respond to the Committee's request for improved reporting so as to avoid a sterile presentation of a catalogue of activities, and particularly for reports that were more forward-looking and focused on objectives, problem-solving and results-oriented, and which reflected the integration of the lessons of past experience and strategies for the future. She drew attention to the new thematic approach adopted for the report on the ILO's Technical Cooperation Programme in 1996-97, in which the programmes were grouped according to the three priority objectives of the Office as set out in the programme and budget. This demonstrated how the technical assistance programme had been supportive of the global objectives of the Organization. An addendum to the report covered specific regional trends and issues. One concern in preparing the next report would be to find an effective way of combining the general analysis of the technical cooperation programme with a presentation of the regional trends. The Office was aware that other refinements were still required, especially as regards the presentation of financial information. She assured the Committee that the Office was working on the data repository aspects of its management of programmes and projects in order to improve this component and to facilitate monitoring and feedback.
6. As regards the priority objectives, in the field of employment creation and poverty alleviation the ILO aimed to strengthen the capacity of constituents not only to design, but also to implement employment promotion, training, labour market and poverty eradication programmes. Regarding the protection of working people, a number of major initiatives dealt with the elimination of child labour, the promotion of occupational safety and health and measures to enhance and expand social security and social protection. She was pleased to note that the expanding International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) had made a strong contribution in improving the ILO's visibility and relevance. As regards promoting democracy and human rights, she stressed that assistance to workers' and employers' organizations remained a fundamental element in the support for democratization and that such support was extended through a wide range of technical cooperation programmes.
7. Highlighting some of the main issues in the paper, she observed that the link between international labour standards and technical cooperation continued to be a prime concern. Secondly, the link between the regular budget and extra-budgetary resources was evident in the section dealing with the relationship between the technical cooperation programme and the action programmes financed out of the regular budget. A third issue covered by the report was gender: as reflected in the paper, the Office pursued a mainstreaming strategy of integrating gender and equality issues in all activities. The paper also summarized progress made in the international programme on More and better jobs for women. Finally, she referred to some of the policy and management issues relevant to the implementation of the technical cooperation programme that had been covered.
8. She underlined the importance attached by the Office to strengthening in-house capacity for the management of technical cooperation in order to ensure the overall quality of programmes. Some of the measures taken, including staff training, were listed in the main report. The Office had also pursued the systematic decentralization of responsibilities for backstopping projects and programmes from Geneva as a way of improving responsiveness and efficiency. These and other initiatives were summarized for ease of reference in the paper submitted under the fourth item on the Committee's agenda. Assistance had been given by the Office to the tripartite evaluation exercise commissioned by the Governing Body by making available to the members the outcome of an Office workshop on the APP organized in Turin. The conclusions of the workshop had stressed the continuing importance of country objectives; the need for sound programme development in response to the identified needs; the central role of tripartism in the ILO's technical cooperation programme, and the importance of resource mobilization in order to translate the identified needs into action. However, the Office had fully respected the independence of the Governing Body's Working Party on the APP, and looked forward to receiving the conclusions of the exercise when it was completed in March 1998, in order to improve the efficiency of the active partnership approach.
9. Mr. Hoff (Employer Vice-Chairperson) felt that the Committee would be able to work more effectively as a result of the improved reporting and the approval of additional meetings. However, he requested the Office to review the meeting schedules so that the Committee did not always have the drawback of meeting on the first day of the Governing Body. He underlined the importance of the Committee's work, observing that, despite a decline in the overall availability of development assistance resources, the ILO technical cooperation programme of $200 million per biennium was still substantial and was equivalent to half the Organization's budget resources, taking administrative support into account.
10. As a member of the Working Party on the evaluation of the APP, he had had an opportunity to observe directly the translation of the policy into practical action at the field level. He was satisfied that some good efforts had been made, but noted that there was room for improvement. He commended the Office's efforts to provide transparent documentation, and the steps taken to improve efficiency, make better use of human resources, and improve donor coordination and relations. He stressed that success could only be measured in terms of positive, tangible results, which would enhance the ILO's reputation and attract financial support from the donor community.
11. He recognized the strain on regular budget resources and suggested that, despite the limited allocations for technical cooperation from the regular budget, internal competition for resources should be minimized and efforts focused on attracting external resources for the technical cooperation programme.
12. Addressing the decentralization strategy, he noted that it entailed a need for new and better management techniques. Pertinent in this respect was his support for the conclusions in the paper concerning the need for better in-house collaboration to achieve quality programming and successful resource mobilization. The time had come for an evaluation of the central management of the ILO which would help the Office to attain the objectives of the technical cooperation programme.
13. As regards the evaluation of technical cooperation programmes, he considered that, given the resources and time invested, it was important for them to be sound and for the results to be used effectively in future programming. Relevant ILO circulars should be continuously revised to reflect policy changes. Moreover, regional, area office and MDT directors should be responsible for regular staff training on the contents of those circulars.
14. He urged the Office to give greater support to the transition process in Central and Eastern European countries. He also suggested the establishment of a new area office in one of the ex-CIS countries, expressing reservations about the likely effectiveness of the new Moscow office in responding to the needs of those countries. Finally, he deplored the continued disparity between the staff levels of the Bureaux for Employers' and Workers' Activities, pointing out that this had an adverse effect on the capacity of the former to prepare sound project proposals and hence to mobilize resources for technical cooperation. He called for the establishment of two additional posts in the Bureau for Employers' Activities: in the new global political environment the Bureau should be providing the same volume of development cooperation as the Bureau for Workers' Activities, but could not do so with only one-quarter of the staff and one-third of the resources.
15. Mr. Mayaki (Worker Vice-Chairperson) congratulated the Office on the report. The changes introduced in the presentation as well as in the content were particularly welcome. A significant improvement was the regrouping of the varied technical cooperation activities under the three overall priorities of the ILO programme and budget. He noted with approval that the strategy for technical cooperation adopted in 1994 continued to guide the Office in its operational activities. However, further progress could still to be made in that direction to facilitate assessment of the results under each of the major technical cooperation programmes.
16. He shared the concerns of the Office at the sharp decline in Official Development Assistance, which at $40.8 billion had dropped well below the 1990 level of $56.3 billion. This was particularly regrettable at a time when there were no visible signs of recovery in the near future.
17. As regards the country objectives exercises, which had started in Africa some three years previously, he observed that the Governing Body had only been provided with summary information on the progress achieved in each region and the total number of completed country objectives documents. For the next session a paper should be prepared with detailed information on the needs and priorities of the ILO's constituents already detected in a number of African countries, as well as on the obstacles that had prevented the country objectives formulation in other African countries.
18. Analysing the distribution of ILO regular budget expenditure for technical activities among the global priorities, he wondered why employment promotion and poverty alleviation had received such marked prominence in resource allocation (66 per cent of the total) by comparison with the two other priorities established in the programme and budget (support to democracy and human rights -- 13.9 per cent, and workers' protection -- 15.5 per cent). There had never been any decision by the Governing Body to give priority to employment promotion and poverty alleviation; the three priorities were on an equal footing, and a better balance should be struck between them in the attribution of ILO budgetary resources. He was concerned that expenditure under technical cooperation programmes for Employers' activities had risen by 12.7 per cent in 1996, while expenditure under the Workers' activities programmes had dropped by approximately 8 per cent.
19. It would be an exaggeration to state that employers' and workers' organizations fully participated in ILO programmes other than those run by their respective Bureaux for Employers' and Workers' Activities. The Workers' group had serious doubts in that respect. The Workers had participated fully in activities of which they were the direct beneficiaries, but the participation of employers' and workers' organizations in the planning, implementation and evaluation of technical cooperation programmes at the national, regional and subregional levels was rather isolated and exceptional. There was also a need to optimize collaboration between the technical units at headquarters, and Area Offices and MDTs.
20. He welcomed the information provided on the role of international labour standards and looked forward to receiving examples of progress made in the countries that had ratified Conventions as a result of the implementation of technical cooperation activities.
21. The Worker members actively supported the global action programme on More and better jobs for women and in general all activities undertaken by the Office to promote equal opportunity between men and women in the workplace. However, he cautioned against over-optimistic expectations in the launch of the new global action programmes mentioned in paragraph 125 of the report. IPEC's success was obviously due to the unique attractiveness and worldwide popularity of the cause of fighting child labour. The new programmes should not compete with existing ones, for the already scarce available resources and that new funding sources could really be tapped. The Workers' Group expressed interest in the Committee being given the opportunity to take a closer look at all aspects of the current and future global programmes: objectives, contents, management and modality of implementation.
General discussion
22. A number of key themes emerged from the statements in the Committee. These concerned the quality of the Office report; the resource situation for the technical cooperation programme; the implementation of the Active Partnership Policy, in particular the execution of the country objectives exercises and decentralization and related management issues; dimensions of the strategy for technical cooperation; evaluation; international labour standards and technical cooperation; and gender issues.
23. Echoing the views of the Employer and Worker Vice-Chairpersons, many members considered that there had been good progress in the quality of the reporting to the Committee. Such views were expressed, for example, by the representatives of the Governments of Canada, China, Egypt, India, Italy, South Africa, Sweden and the United States. The representative of the Government of Canada felt that the report provided a good overview of the activities within the programme and progress made in implementation. She also welcomed the information on resource allocation according to the three strategic priorities; on regional issues and programmes; and on global programmes, which made it easier to understand the overall programme and to make the necessary policy and programming choices. Several members pointed to a number of information gaps on specific issues which should be taken into account in future reports.
The resource situation
24. There was widespread concern among members of the Committee at the overall decline in the level of resources available for the implementation of the ILO's technical cooperation programme. The representatives of the Governments of Argentina, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Poland and South Africa expressed such concern. Disturbing regional reductions in a context of increasing demand were highlighted by the representative of the Government of Poland and Ms. Sasso-Mazzufferi (Employer member) with respect to Central and Eastern Europe. The latter expressed appreciation for the efforts of the Turin Centre in meeting the needs of this region. The decline in Africa was commented upon by the representative of the Government of Egypt and by Mr. Owuor (Employer member). The decline in Asia and the Pacific was noted with regret by the representatives of the Governments of India, China and Bangladesh, and that in the Americas by the representative of the Government of Argentina. The representative of the Government of China urged the Office to increase the level of cooperation with her country, since assistance was required in order to safeguard the interests of labour. In the light of the difficult situation there were strong recommendations on the need to source additional financing. The representative of the Government of Poland also requested the Office to develop a new model of technical cooperation in support of these efforts. The representative of the Government of Finland called for the integration of technical cooperation into the ILO's regular budget work programme so as to ensure the predictable financing that was necessary for the successful planning of activities and sustainable results. The representative of the Government of Germany advocated that the ILO should aim for greater efficiency, doing more with fewer funds, while simultaneously aiming for donor diversification. The representatives of the Governments of Finland and Sweden referred to the desirability of enhanced donor coordination so as to facilitate development cooperation with, and the resource mobilization efforts of, organizations such as the ILO. The former also referred to the need for coordination and consultation, including tripartite consultation on development cooperation within donor countries.
Implementation of the Active Partnership Policy
25. Committee members reflected on the issue of decentralization in the context of the implementation of the APP, and the execution of the country objectives exercises as the basis of a demand-driven approach. Major concerns were the rate of implementation of the country objectives exercises and the management questions that needed to be addressed to make the decentralization policy effective.
26. Country objectives exercises: The representative of the Government of Sweden considered that the major lesson emerging from the report was the importance of working from a country perspective based on the country objectives. The apparently slow progress in conducting these exercises, particularly in Africa, was noted with concern by the representatives of the Governments of Egypt and Swaziland and by Mr. Owuor (Employer member). Mr. Diaz (Employer member) also felt that the Office had been slow to engage in the consultative process in the countries of the Andean Pact. The technical cooperation programme could not be demand-driven without contact between the MDTs and constituents at the country level. The representatives of the Governments of Egypt and Swaziland requested further information on the country objectives exercises, including information at the regional and subregional levels; on the completed exercises, with an indication of the problems experienced in conducting the exercises; and on the unfinished exercises. The representative of the Government of Egypt stressed that the work plans of the MDTs should be consistent with the country objectives. The representative of the Government of South Africa felt that, in support of the demand-driven approach, a complementary initiative would be to work with constituents to develop a broader and more sophisticated understanding of technical cooperation among constituents. The representative of the Government of Sweden pointed to the importance of bearing in mind the possible influence of the composition of the MDTs on the selection of country priorities. The representative of the Government of Finland welcomed the creation of the country objectives database in the African Region.
27. The decentralization process and related management issues: The representatives of the Government of Canada, India and Italy referred to the importance of decentralization in the implementation of the APP. The representative of the Government of Canada also endorsed the stress placed in the report on improving communications within the ILO in the framework of decentralization. Mr. Diaz (Employer member) felt that decentralization had the potential to yield good results, provided that there was effective coordination with constituents. Mr. Owuor (Employer member) considered that a better demarcation of responsibilities and streamlining of decision-making were required for effective decentralization. Mr. Owuor (Employer member) and the representatives of the Governments of Argentina and China mentioned the need to strengthen the capacity of the MDTs. The representative of the Government of Sweden observed that proposals for a common UN approach at the country level could help to overcome some of the problems identified in the report.
28. Dimensions of the technical cooperation strategy: Statements focused on various aspects of the technical cooperation strategy, such as the substantive priorities and themes of the programme, programming issues, national capacity building and national execution and the role of training in supporting the implementation of the technical cooperation programme.
29. The substantive priorities and themes of the technical cooperation programme (employment promotion and poverty alleviation, worker protection and the promotion of democracy and human rights) were endorsed by the representative of the Government of Egypt. She also felt that strong emphasis should be placed on employment creation and poverty alleviation, given the adverse impact of structural adjustment programmes on employment. In this regard she referred to a conclusion adopted at the recent Oslo Child Labour Conference concerning the role of poverty as the root cause of child labour. The representatives of the Governments of Argentina, Bangladesh and India also underlined the importance of employment creation and poverty alleviation. The representative of the Government of Germany considered that the subject of social banking was important, and was pleased to see that activities in this field were foreseen under the regular budget: the ILO had an important role to play in countries emerging from conflict. The representative of the Government of the United States recommended that the ILO should cease working in areas such as reproductive health and focus instead on its core mandate. In terms of geographical priorities, the representative of the Government of Bangladesh endorsed the focus on the LDCs.
30. Programming issues were another major concern of Committee members. The representative of the Government of Canada strongly urged the Office to develop an overall programming framework to guide all technical cooperation activities: such a framework would have a positive impact in areas such as decentralization, programme development and delivery (including the development of the global programmes), implementation of the APP and evaluation. She cited the case of IPEC to illustrate how a focused programme framework could be developed for a complex and wide-ranging topic. The representative of the Government of Sweden endorsed this recommendation.
31. The proposed global programmes were the subject of several observations. There was considerable support for these initiatives. The representative of the Government of Italy believed that they would facilitate resource mobilization. However, the representative of the Government of Germany cautioned that it might be unrealistic to expect the new global programmes to attract the same level of funding as the IPEC programme, which had mass appeal. The representative of the Government of Bangladesh expressed satisfaction with the implementation of IPEC activities in Bangladesh and suggested that the Office could develop a global programme on employment creation as follow-up on the Social Summit, and complement it with a strong resource mobilization effort. The representative of the Government of Finland stressed the importance of establishing institutional structures within the Office to provide effective support for the global programmes.
32. The representatives of the Governments of Argentina and Sweden highlighted the need to strengthen national capacity to make national execution fully operational. Mr. Owuor (Employer member) suggested that the ILO could play a major role in strengthening national institutions to meet the requirements of this modality by providing technical assistance in areas such as backstopping, monitoring and evaluation. The representative of the Government of Egypt called on the Office to make greater use of national expertise.
33. The need for effective training in support of the implementation of the technical cooperation strategy was noted by the representative of the Government of Italy and by Mr. Beye (Employer member).
34. Evaluation: This subject elicited many observations by Committee members. The representative of the Government of Canada welcomed the emphasis on evaluation in the report: one key task was the development of an evaluation methodology to assess the overall impact of the ILO's technical cooperation programme as a means of ILO action at the country and regional levels. This was supported by the representative of the Government of Finland, who also suggested the inclusion in the report of more concise information on the evaluation results of individual programmes. Mr. Beye (Employer member) asked for the Committee to be kept fully informed on evaluation matters. The representative of the Government of Sweden suggested that it would be useful for the Office to provide further information on the evaluation procedures outlined in the document, for example the number of evaluations executed in relation to those planned and the number of evaluations which contributed to identifying the lessons learned, as well as how the evaluation procedures related to the budget cycle and the needs of the Governing Body and its committees. She sought clarification on the definition of independent evaluations, and asked whether the evaluation process showed if projects actually succeeded in helping the ILO to attain its three broad priority objectives cost-effectively. Similarly, the representative of the Government of Italy, while welcoming the evaluation information provided, felt that the Office needed to give a more complete and organic picture of the evaluation-related aspects of the programme. The representative of the Government of Germany considered the evaluation information sterile and sought more concrete information. The representative of the Government of the United States also pointed to missing elements in the material provided on evaluation: in the cases cited she would have welcomed information on the numbers involved, the degree of success, failures within the projects, the reasons for the results obtained, and the applicability of the experience to other regions. Mr. Owuor (Employer member) requested the Office to provide synopses of reports on project evaluations, as had been done in the past. The representative of the Government of South Africa pointed out that evidence of impact could have been included, for example, from the project on labour dispute settlement in South Africa, referred to in the report: the settlement rate of disputes had increased from 25 per cent to 60 per cent. He also felt that it would be useful to have information on the stage of the project cycle of the activities mentioned.
35. International labour standards and technical cooperation: The representative of the Government of Sweden drew attention to the need to integrate normative work with technical cooperation activities. The representative of the Government of Egypt suggested that the Office should assist countries to set up the national infrastructure and environment that would facilitate the application of standards. In this regard, she emphasized the importance of the availability of standards specialists in the MDTs. The representative of the Government of India feared that the decline in technical cooperation resources would entail less assistance for normative work in member States: his country would appreciate ILO assistance in overcoming certain obstacles to the ratification of the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87). The representatives of the Governments of China and Germany pointed to the importance of linking normative work with gender equality issues.
36. Gender issues: In elaborating on the theme of gender equality, the representative of the Government of Germany felt that the link between international labour standards and gender equality in technical cooperation was often overlooked: the obstacles to the employment of women needed to be assessed and greater attention to country-specific circumstances in relation to international labour standards would help find solutions. He cited the Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952 (No. 103), which might require some flexibility in its application so as to allow maternity provisions to be suitably implemented. The Workers with Family Responsibilities Convention, 1981 (No. 156) was a similar case. Ms. Sasso-Mazzufferi (Employer member) expressed the view that gender issues were equally important to men and women, and asserted the importance of women's participation in all ILO activities.
37. The representative of the Director-General (Mrs. Chinery-Hesse, Deputy Director-General) stated that the Office was heartened by the many positive reactions to the revised report format. The Committee's constructive suggestions for further improvement would be immensely useful: the Office would continue to endeavour to make the report more analytical and more impact-oriented, with greater use of graphical data. She observed that several speakers had focused on the important role of evaluations in drawing lessons from experience, and recalled that the subject of evaluation would be covered by a separate agenda item at the Committee's next meeting. She also mentioned the Office-wide application of a management-by-objectives system (MERS) for self-evaluation covering all ILO activities, including even those outside the technical cooperation programme. She assured members that the 1997 circular on evaluation was being followed by training programmes for both headquarters and field staff. Concerning the types of evaluations conducted in the context of the technical cooperation programme, the Office also made use when necessary of external evaluation consultants in order to bring an objective perspective in judging the performance of all players responsible for implementing programmes and projects.
38. As regards the implementation of the Active Partnership Policy and the country objectives exercises, she was pleased to report that the actual situation was better than was apparent from a first reading of the report. In Africa, for example, many country objectives exercises reported as uncompleted had been undertaken and were, in fact, only awaiting final tripartite endorsement. Concerning decentralization, she noted that many speakers had focused on the importance of proper management of the process as a necessary precondition for success. This was a key concern for the Office: one initiative planned was a symposium on the different facets of managing the decentralization process, to be held in December for the African region, which would be replicated in other regions.
39. Concerning the decline in expenditure on technical cooperation in Europe and the CIS countries in 1996, the Turin Centre had seen a corresponding expansion in programmes in support of countries in this region in response to their capacity-building needs, which had compensated for the reduction in activities for 1996-97.
40. Mr. Hoff (Employer Vice-Chairperson) reiterated his earlier request for emphasis to be placed on evaluation findings at the Committee's March 1998 meeting. He was particularly interested in follow-up by the Office on evaluation findings.
41. Mr. Mayaki (Worker Vice-Chairperson) repeated his request for the presentation of a detailed status report on the country objectives exercises at the next meeting.
42. The representative of the Government of Panama drew attention to the fact that, although the addendum to the report noted that Central America was a prime beneficiary of the extra-budgetary resources tapped in the Americas, the overall level of support was declining, and he urged the Office to mobilize additional resources for this subregion.
43. The representative of the Director-General assured the Employer Vice-Chairperson that his concerns regarding the use of evaluation results would be fully taken into consideration in March 1998. Referring to the Worker Vice-Chairperson's request, she indicated that the detailed status of country objectives would be provided at the special discussion of the conclusions and recommendations of the Working Party on the Evaluation of the Active Partnership Policy to be held in March 1998. She took note of the specific concerns expressed on Central America.
Further developments concerning operational activities
in the United Nations system
44. The representative of the Director-General (Mrs. Chinery-Hesse, Deputy Director-General) introduced the Office paper, which focused on the UN reform process and highlighted some elements having important implications for the ILO and its field activities. The major element of the reform of significance to the ILO at the moment was the creation of a UN Development Group in New York -- comprising the UN Funds and Programmes such as UNDP, UNICEF, UNFPA, WFP and other UN entities -- with the aim of enhancing coherence and developing complementarity and synergy. The development group was to be replicated at the country level with the UNDP Resident Representative or UN Resident Coordinator as the senior ranking UN-system representative in the country and leader of the UN development efforts. There was pressure for common UN premises and common services so as to lead to greater cost-effectiveness and enhanced collaboration, as well as to a unified UN-system image in the field. This new system would aim at common programming and resource planning, which should eventually include all UN institutions at the country level. This would lead to a unified programme framework -- the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) -- for the UN funds and programmes. The specialized agencies had already been invited to participate on a voluntary basis.
45. Commenting on the wider UN reform process, Mr. Hoff (Employer Vice-Chairperson) stated that a broad and critical review of the whole UN system was needed, as there was scope for slimming and decentralizing the UN system to make it more efficient and responsive. The Employers were in favour of measures to improve coordination, and he remarked that UNDP, with its changing mandate, already performed an effective coordinating role at the country level. UNDP Resident Representatives, with whom he had held discussions during the field visits of the Working Party on the Evaluation of the Active Partnership Policy, had often mentioned the good quality of the ILO's technical services, which should be seen as a platform for improved collaboration with the UN system. Finally, he expressed the wish that future reports on UN system operational activities should include data that would allow the Committee to compare the ILO's performance with that of other UN partners and to analyse the overall role of the UN system in the various recipient countries.
46. Mr. Mayaki (Worker Vice-Chairperson) referred to the declining resources available for UN-system development cooperation. The implications of the proposal to tap new and untraditional sources, including from the private sector through a new office in the UN for development financing, would need to be carefully examined. The ILO's specificity and the needs of its constituents should continue to be given the necessary attention.
47. Mr. Beye (Employer member) expressed concern at the proposal by the United Nations to create an Office for Development Financing and a foundation for private donations: such institutions could only restrict the ILO's scope for seeking potential resources from the private sector. However, if this initiative was in fact launched, it should avoid any monolithic approach that could reduce the ILO's scope for initiative and innovation. It should also be borne in mind that the ILO operated in a competitive system and that every effort should be made to safeguard its specific identity deriving from tripartism, unique skills and experience in certain social fields and its decentralization, seen at its most complete in the policy of responsiveness implemented by the multidisciplinary teams through the Active Partnership Policy. However, he was in favour of a common system of United Nations services, which would help reduce overheads. He also supported the approach proposed in the United Nations Development Assistance Framework, since this was aimed at rationalizing budgetary choices, enhancing efficiency, and bringing a form of decentralization based on complementarity and synergy with other United Nations system agencies. Another Employer member, Mr. Arbesser-Rastburg, referred to the reform and reorganization of UNIDO, which had clarified its mandate and suggested that the ILO should examine the division of responsibilities between itself and UNIDO, since both organizations were active in a number of similar fields.
48. The representative of the Government of Italy, while supporting the overall thrust of the reforms, called for greater unity and integration of UN operations at the country level, supported by the ILO through the UN staff college at the Turin Centre. However, the ILO should retain its own authority and an independent profile because of its tripartite structure and mandate. Mr. Anand (Worker member), referring to proposals to strengthen ECOSOC in relation to the governing bodies of the agencies, cautioned on the need to preserve the autonomy of the ILO Governing Body as a tripartite body.
49. The representative of the Government of Sweden recalled the very active support of her country for the UN reform process, and in particular to improved coordination at the country level; she urged the ILO to take a positive attitude in this process. The representative of the Government of Mongolia stressed that the needs and priorities of the country should be the starting-point for the programming of UN-system technical cooperation, and that the ILO needed to coordinate its activities with other UN agencies, focusing on capacity building in institutions responsible for labour matters.
The ILO's resource mobilization strategy
50. Introducing the Office paper the representative of the Director-General (Mr. Trémeaud, Assistant Director-General) stated that the strategy outlined was intended to be an important contribution to the Office's process of change. As such it was also to be seen as a further definition of the overall strategy for technical cooperation adopted in 1994.(1) The most important external developments that the Office had to face were the decline in official development assistance, the more competitive environment and more demanding donors. An important factor for the strategy from the point of view of internal developments was the introduction of new structures as part of the Active Partnership Policy and the resulting increase in demand for ILO services, mainly formulated in the ILO country objectives. In this context the resource mobilization strategy should not be considered as an end in itself; its overall objective was to promote the ILO's mandate and its normative principles. Tripartism would continue to be the basis of the technical cooperation programme, which was to be more closely linked to the overall work programme of the Office. The changing nature of the dialogue with donors should be recognized, in particular their wish to participate more and more in the elaboration of programmes. This called for a new and intensified dialogue with existing partners, as well as the deliberate initiation of discussions with potential new funding partners, including in the private sector. It should be possible to raise the level of funding for the ILO's technical cooperation programme, provided it was successful in its efforts to develop sound projects and programmes, especially the new global programmes mentioned in the Office paper. The aim should be to enhance the good reputation of the Office with high-quality and efficient programmes that would contribute in a pragmatic way to the normative work of the ILO. He reaffirmed that resource mobilization could not be a matter of a few particular units or individuals in the Office, but should be a shared responsibility of the Office as a whole, with the active participation of headquarters and field staff. He invited the members of the Committee to respond to the last paragraph of the Office paper and endorse the strategy.
51. Mr. Hoff (Employer Vice-Chairperson) welcomed the resource mobilization strategy and expressed his appreciation for a good and easily comprehensible document. The strategy should allow the Office to achieve better results in the area of sales promotion. He confirmed the overall changes in development assistance described, especially the increased insistence of donors on efficiency and good results. In this context, he suggested that the Office go along with donors and meet their requirements as long as the ILO's overall targets were met. He emphasized the competence and good reputation of the ILO's technical cooperation, with its practical and down-to-earth approach in meeting the needs of constituents. He called on the Office to increase the number of its multibilateral contributors and the number of the relatively small group of four most important donors. He recommended a tailor-made approach to each donor country with a particular effort to trace allocation pockets in the countries' aid budgets. On the other hand, the regular budget technical cooperation allocations should remain at their present level. As regards programming for resource mobilization, it was extremely important to strengthen the Office's capacity for programme development, as mentioned in the paper. Resource mobilization and the accompanying sales promotion were absolutely necessary. He wished the Office success and endorsed the point for decision.
52. Mr. Mayaki (Worker Vice-Chairperson) commended the report, which presented innovative proposals for ILO resource mobilization. The paper offered highly appropriate follow-up on the technical cooperation strategy approved by the Governing Body in 1994. In order for the resource mobilization strategy to be as efficient as possible it was important for the ILO to analyse the changes in the external environment while at the same time recalling the fundamental values of the Organization. The decline in external resources forced the ILO to review its resource mobilization strategy in order to profit from new developments and ensure its important role as a development partner. He welcomed the positive trend whereby donors focused more on social issues, such as democratization and the protection of workers' rights. Political and economic stability, necessary for investment and creation of employment, could only be ensured through respect for trade union and human rights.
53. The Worker members subscribed fully to the emphasis in the Office paper of the need to have a quality programme. Indeed, in view of the ILO's values, it was important to measure not only the quantity of technical cooperation projects: the quality of the technical cooperation undertaken by the Organization was equally important. It was also through the technical cooperation programme that member States would be in a better position to respect the values and the principles of the ILO. On global programmes, he expressed concern that the mobilization of resources for these programmes should not be at the cost of other programmes; in particular it should not negatively affect the programmes of direct support to workers' and employers' organizations. He also fully supported the suggested establishment of tripartite committees at the national level. This was a fundamental condition for the implementation of the Active Partnership Policy. With regard to the five major lines of action for the development of a marketing campaign, these had the full support of the Worker members. The Workers endorsed the point for decision.
54. The representative of the Government of Bangladesh stated that, although the ILO's technical cooperation strategy had been endorsed by the Governing Body in 1994, it had not been able to halt or reverse the decline in expenditure on technical cooperation activities. He expressed concern at this, and was not sure whether it indicated the inadequacy of the strategy or the inability of the Office to implement it properly. It would be a challenge for the ILO to prove its worth vis-à-vis donors in a more and more competitive external environment. Technical cooperation could not be entirely demand-driven: the priorities of donors, as well as the ILO's own priorities and the recipients' needs must all be taken into account, and they all played a role in deciding what was funded. The highest priority for Bangladesh, in the area of technical cooperation, was in the field of job creation. In view of the fact that job creation had received the highest priority at the Social Summit and the ILO had the necessary technical competence in the area, there was no reason why a programme similar to IPEC, in the field of job creation, could not be established. He endorsed the Office paper and emphasized that the technical cooperation programme allowed the Organization to advance its values while providing practical support for development efforts. Technical cooperation activities were therefore to be regarded as central and not subsidiary aspects of its work.
55. Mr. Beye (Employer member) considered that since the ILO was about to embark on an innovative resource mobilization exercise, it should first carry out a number of tasks and respect certain principles. A market survey was needed with the following objectives: to compile a list of the major assets and fields of excellence of the ILO's technical cooperation services; to identify key factors affecting the success of the ILO's technical cooperation products and the handicaps involved; to determine the structure of the potential market for the ILO's technical cooperation services and identify the market segment currently occupied by the ILO, as well as the potential for the future through implementation of the right strategy. On this factual basis the ILO could then structure its approach and the action to be taken in the field of technical cooperation. Consideration should also be given to a number of principles that must be respected and criteria that must be applied. These were: to regard the Organization's constituents as both partners and clients entitled to expect quality and follow-up of the services provided by the Organization; to respect the criterion of transparency, to accept evaluations, and to improve communications affecting technical cooperation products that are likely to improve the ILO's image in general; not to lose sight of the objective of strengthening constituents' institutional capacity; to adopt different approaches for different potential donors (European Union, World Bank, etc.); to maintain the country programming approach while strengthening such interdisciplinary projects as IPEC; to enhance the impact of RBTC resources used as seed money so as to obtain more substantial extra-budgetary resources; to conduct an adequate evaluation of the results achieved by the projects in general; and to improve control over the mobilization and management of resources.
56. The representatives of the Governments of Egypt and Brazil regretted the fall in official development assistance and welcomed the Office's strategy for resource mobilization. A special effort should be made to ensure that sufficient funds were available for the priority areas of ILO concern. The experience of IPEC was an interesting example of attracting resources for such a priority area, in which it was also encouraging to note the very positive response from multibilateral donors. The tripartite discussions in the context of the APP and the preparation of country objectives had been an interesting and worthwhile experience in Brazil.
57. Mr. Anand (Employer member) stressed the need for efforts to attempt to make full use of locally available resources and ideas in recipient countries. He considered the scope for such national contributions significant, and encourages the Office, in particular the field offices, to work on this aspect of resource mobilization. Another Employer member, Mr. Marshall, called for a deliberate move to seek more private funding for the ILO's programme of technical cooperation: the Office had been too careful so far, even though in the context of IPEC some progress had been made. There was a clear need for reflection and a more vigorous approach.
58. The representatives of the Governments of Finland, Sweden, Germany, Peru, Italy and the United States expressed support for the outlined strategy. Resource mobilization should indeed be based on priority needs in developing countries. In this context, the ILO should link its technical cooperation programme even closer to its standard-setting work. The increased coherence envisaged in the overall work programme of the Office was obtained including both funding under the regular budget and from extra-budgetary sources. The plan outlined in the Office paper to concentrate on a number of priority areas in the form of global programmes was welcomed. The representative of the Government of Canada highlighted the conclusions of the paper submitted under the first item on the agenda: sound programme development, efficient implementation, demonstrable results and making constructive use of lessons learned from a continuous evaluation process to improve future outputs were critical elements in attracting the necessary financing for its programmes. In this context, evaluation was considered particularly important and it was stressed that the Office should make the results of evaluation better known and make more use of them in the promotion of its technical cooperation programme.
59. The representatives of the Governments of Finland, Germany and Italy, while welcoming the plan to increase the donor base, in particular among multibilateral donors, requested the Office to provide further information on the status of the agreement between the ILO and the European Union. The signing of this agreement had been pending for a considerable time, which was regrettable, as closer collaboration with the EU offered good scope for increased resources for the ILO's technical cooperation programme.
60. The representatives of the Governments of Sweden, Canada and the United States requested clarification about the role of the interdepartmental task force responsible for developing a detailed plan of action for technical cooperation which was to be established at the end of 1994. They also requested the Office to provide further information on the resources available for the resource mobilization strategy in the biennium 1998-99, since the point for decision was not clear in this respect. The representative of the Government of the United States expressed support for the resource mobilization strategy, but stressed that its financing should not lead to increases in the ILO's regular budget in future biennia.
61. Mr. Trotman (Worker member) was not convinced that there would be sufficient interest in funding ILO activities for workers' and employers' organizations. Although the UNDP and other donors were providing more financial support to NGOs, this did not necessarily imply a more positive attitude towards funding of the programmes in support of the social partners. The ILO's tripartite principles should continue to be fully reflected in its technical cooperation programme.
62. The representative of the Government of Senegal emphasized the importance of making full use of up-to-date methods for producing its promotional materials and the overall marketing campaign. The visibility of the ILO's work and that of both recipient and donor countries should be an important feature of the overall strategy. The representative of the Government of Panama expressed support for the strategy outlined in the Office paper and emphasized the importance for the ILO of training and human resource development in its implementation.
63. The representative of the Director-General (Mr. Trémeaud, Assistant Director-General), replying to the observations made on the resource mobilization strategy, was encouraged by the wide support for the resource mobilization strategy and by the appreciation expressed for the Office paper. He assured the Committee that the ILO would continue its efforts to increase its number of donors, which had already risen over the last years. It was indeed now equally important to increase the number of larger donors, especially among the multibilateral partners, and at the same time to start a campaign for funding from private sources. Donor countries currently not contributing to the ILO's technical cooperation programme would be individually encouraged to do so through quality proposals. A clear policy would have to be defined that would govern the ILO's relationship with the private sector and foundations. He was pleased to announce that the long negotiations with the European Union were expected to bear fruit in the coming months with the signing of a general agreement. He emphasized the need to mobilize financial resources and at the same time strengthen relations with donors on substantive issues. It was good to note that there was a lot of good will towards the ILO, and that its expertise in a wide number of technical sectors was irrefutable. It was also important to bear in mind that, unlike other organizations, the ILO had its unique tripartite structure and mandate.
64. It was now important to concentrate efforts and develop sound initiatives. It would be especially important to motivate ILO staff and provide appropriate incentives for the development of a solid and relevant technical cooperation programme. The decentralized structure of the Office put in place as part of the APP was now well established to play its role in this respect. A key element in the months ahead was the preparation of a marketing plan, with the assistance of external expertise in the field of resource mobilization. The Office would be concentrating on innovative but proven practices to expand its efforts in the mobilization of resources, fully recognizing today's competitive environment.
65. In reply to questions on the interdepartmental task force set up as part of the 1994 Technical Cooperation Strategy, he informed the Committee that it had met several times, but that assembling such a large group of departmental experts on a regular basis had proved too ambitious. Smaller meetings on specific topics had been found to be a better alternative. In response to the request that the Committee be kept informed of the progress made in implementing this strategy, he indicated that the Committee would receive a factual report at its next meeting in March 1998. He reassured the Committee that implementation of the strategy would begin immediately and that the necessary resources for 1998-99 would be found within the overall approved regular budget. This might imply some minor shifts in budget provisions under the funds for service and support to technical cooperation and in the regular budget for technical cooperation (RBTC).
* * *
66. The Committee endorsed the ILO's resource mobilization strategy and recommends that the Governing Body approve the necessary financial provision for the promotion of technical cooperation in future programme and budget proposals.
67. In accordance with the usual practice, it was decided that the agenda for the Committee's next meeting would be drawn up by its Officers in consultation with the Office.
Geneva, 13 November 1997.
(Signed) A.C. Diallo,
Point for decision: Paragraph 66.


text: > exactly how else do you make this change without being kludgy? the > i386 method seems useful to me - i do believe 1 or 2 other ports > have copied that change... Half our ports have a MAXPARTITIONS of 16, and half have it fixed at 8. This is getting quite inconsitent. -- Emmanuel Dreyfus firstname.lastname@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
huh? WHAT? no Maybe Dex...
I have a few Dex posts here and there...Originally Posted by lalol
Gustav Holst was right!
lalol is hooking people up by surname.Originally Posted by lalol
He settles for a Hung.Originally Posted by lalol
Well that confirms the suspicions we've all had about Miz Fabulous!Originally Posted by BamaFabulous
I support the right to arm bears.
Originally Posted by chompstick
I'll let that one stand on its own. Good one Chompie!
A Bachelor fan til it dies a slow death and oddly enough, A Rock of Love fan...finest hair extensions from Europe and all. ;-)
by Aito.looks so beautiful with her bone straight
Here you go, Bama. Paybacks are hell, aren't they? These are all yours...
Im over 60% straight female.I think both ways are ok...and who cares anyway...I have many gay, bi, friendsthatIm strangely attracted toMy girlfriend right nowShe's a doll.She's got that porn star look.I'm actually kinda proud of it.I love howshe getsin the hot tub. Getting fresh .in the showeryeah that was goodhey I don't ask for it, she just does itCan't believe she told people.***Scandalous!
Im not with my girlfriend right nowMy favorite guy is gaySizzling Saddlesis my favorite so far.He is the hottest gay guyI even dreamed about him a few times.You could see his assyou're not gonna be disappointed .I bet he's loving this.And yes, I had him***in a barn.
I know a totally hot married guy who shaveshe is bad boy hot.I'm not revealing my down there grooming habitsbutI'm curiousthe only part I can seeis 4 times as long.Damn this is hard!andIt was slick from the baby oilThat was a little rough for meI almost always have a bruise somewhere on my bodyI guess stuff like that is excitingand knowing their whole family is watching.Maybe it was all the pot.Anywaythe worst of the worstI knocked my boyfriend up.
I support the right to arm bears.
Well, Clipse, it looks like you shouldn't have come in here... never know when you're going to get... BURNED!!!
Originally Posted by ClipseOriginally Posted by ClipseOriginally Posted by ClipseOriginally Posted by Clipse....Originally Posted by Clipse
Originally Posted by ClipseOriginally Posted by ClipseOriginally Posted by ClipseOriginally Posted by ClipseOriginally Posted by ClipseAhh... fear my skills...Originally Posted by Clipse
You call that skills? That was nothing. You actually made me yawn while I was reading that.


text: I'm trying to package lfm (mc-like program implemented in python), I'm having difficulty in getting lfm to run. After installing it, I execute it only to get: $ lfm Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/pkg/bin/lfm", line 1640, in ? path = curses.wrapper(main, paths, npanels) File "/usr/pkg/lib/python2.0/curses/wrapper.py", line 44, in wrapper res = apply(func, (stdscr,) + rest) File "/usr/pkg/bin/lfm", line 1572, in main app = Lfm(path, npanels) File "/usr/pkg/bin/lfm", line 77, in __init__ self.init_curses() File "/usr/pkg/bin/lfm", line 91, in init_curses curses.curs_set(0) _curses.error: curs_set() returned ERR Any clues about what may be the matter? P.S. Below is the package attempt: http://mashin.nanoyo.net/pkgsrc/lfm.tgz


text:
Kelly - posted on 03/12/2010 ( 3 moms have responded )
ok im a little confused by them...
I understand most of it but they seem to have missed out the convertible car seats in all the info i have found. They say about the convertible car seats form rare to forward facing but not the convertible boosters.
My son is going to be 3yr 2months when i have this baby or about there and im stuck on what car seat to buy him. The new baby will be having his one he is in now as we have the safe and sound guardian so i will just move it to rare facing and the baby will beok but what about my oldest???
I was going to buy a maxi rider but i have seen another safe and sound hi back booster i like which is cheaper and will last till 7yrs but it doesnt have the built in harness. Can i still buy it and just buy a 5point harness and use that or would that be breaking this new law???
My son is about 15kgs i should add so the average weight for his age but he is quite tall for his age.
So does anyone know what the right answer for me is and whats the best idea as i dont wanna have to buy another car seat for him for a year - i cant afford to keep buying car seats.
Thanks girls


text:
John Cartwright(active 1778-1808), Painter
Sitter associated with 1 portrait
John Cartwright was one of the founder members of the Free Society of Artists. In around 1770 he went to Rome to pursue his artistic studies, where he met the Italian artist Henry Fuseli.
by Henry Fuseli
black chalk, circa 1779
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text:
2 hurt in chain-reaction Durham crash
Two people sustained minor injuries in a four-car, chain-reaction collision Monday afternoon when a pickup truck plowed into a line of stopped traffic on Route 136.
One person was treated and released. The other remains listed in good condition at Central Maine Medical Center in Lewiston, according to a hospital spokeswoman.
The accident occurred shortly after 11 a.m., about a quarter-mile south of Stackpole Road. Richard Barrett, 73, of Lunt Road in Brunswick, was traveling south in his 2006 GMC Sierra pickup when he was blinded by the sun and didn't see traffic stopped ahead of him, according to Sgt. James Jakes of Androscoggin County Sheriff 's Department.
Barrett stomped on his brakes but couldn't stop before rear-ending a 2004 Toyota SUV driven by Jeremy Jerschina, 22, of Jersey City, N.J., who was traveling with his wife and two other passengers.
Two other vehicles — a 1999 Volkswagen Beetle driven by Travis Jorgensen, 29, of Bowdoin, and a 2003 Subaru Legacy driven by Michael Duff, 43, of Auburn — also were damaged by the impact.
At the time of collision, Jerschina and another passenger were out of the car, switching seats to change drivers. When Barrett's truck hit the Toyota, the force of impact pushed the SUV forward; its open driver's door slammed into Jerschina and knocked him to the ground, Jakes said.
Durham Rescue's ambulances took Jerschina and one of his passengers, John Stiritz, 22, also of Jersey City, N.J., to Central Maine Medical Center in Lewiston.
Jerschina was listed in good condition; Stiritz was treated and released.
Several other people received minor wounds in the crash. They were assessed at the scene by Durham and Lisbon rescuers but refused further treatment.
Three of the cars had to be towed from the scene. The fourth car, Duff 's Subaru, was "damaged but operable," said Durham Fire Lt. Milton Simon, who was in charge of the scene. Duff, whose wife and two children were unhurt in the collision, was able to drive it away.
"The crash is still being investigated, but it doesn't look like any charges will be filed," Jakes said.


text:
Shows no error code. Tries to turn over. Not fuel pump. Not spark plugs. My 1998 4 cyl Camry won't start. The fuel pump is working, fuel is at least making it out of the top of the fuel filter. I just changed the spark plugs, and I checked that they are getting power when I try to start the car. So, when I turn the key, the fuel pump starts, the spark plugs spark, the timing belt turns, the engine just doesn't seem to pick up from there. I went and picked up an Actron Pocketscan, and it says that there are no problem codes to display, and it says the car computer doesn't think the check engine light is on. Could it be the timing belt, the ignition coil, or the fuel injectors?
have the same problem?
Sunday, July 29th, 2012 AT 4:27 PM


text:
Windows 2000's Offline Files feature lets users who aren't connected to the network manipulate network-based files as if the users were connected. When the users log back on to the network, they can synchronize the changes they made locally so that the files on their local systems and on the network file share are identical. This capability is especially beneficial for mobile users and users who dial in from remote branch offices. To use Offline Files, you need to carry out two sets of configuration processes: one set on the server and one on the client computer.
Configuring the Server
To configure the server to use Offline Files, you must share the folder that holds the files you want to make available to offline users. Then, you must specify the way in which Win2K maintains those files on the server.
First, right-click the selected folder and choose Sharing from the context menu. This action takes you directly to the Sharing tab of the folder's Properties dialog box. Select the Share this folder option, as Figure 1 shows.
By default, Win2K gives the Everyone group Full Control permissions (i.e., permission to read, write, and modify) on shared folders. This setting usually is appropriate for file sharing because it permits all users to synchronize files they changed locally. To restrict access to files in the specified folder, you can substitute another group (or groups) for the Everyone group. Then, the users in the group that you specify are the only ones who can take advantage of Offline Files for this folder. If you want to change the permissions setting, click Permissions, then Add and Remove groups on the Permissions dialog box's Share Permissions tab.
Click Caching on the Sharing tab to open the Caching Settings dialog box, which Figure 2, page 90, shows. Select the Allow caching of files in this shared folder check box to make the files available for offline access. The options in the Setting drop-down list specify the way in which Offline Files will operate for the files in the specified folder. Choose one of the following caching settings: Manual Caching for Documents, Automatic Caching for Documents, or Automatic Caching for Programs.
Manual Caching for Documents. Manual Caching for Documents is the default setting and gives users offline access to any file in the folder. Users must select each file manually, and multiple users can access the same file for offline manipulation.
Automatic Caching for Documents. Automatic Caching for Documents automatically transfers any file a user opens to that user's local Offline Files folder. Users can't merely select a file for offline access; they must open the file.
Automatic Caching for Programs. Automatic Caching for Programs lets users access files for offline access but prevents synchronization of any changes that users make offline. In other words, a user can view a file, but when the user reconnects, Win2K doesn't upload any user changes. You can use this setting when a folder contains programs instead of (or in addition to) documents so that users can run the programs locally by transferring the executables to their local disks. However, be aware that many programs require additional files (e.g., DLLs) to run, so few programs can run in offline mode. Scripts and batch files are good candidates for this caching configuration option.
Some file types—primarily database data files—don't work properly (or at all) offline. By default, Win2K disables Offline Files for files with a .db?, .ldb, .mdb, .mde, .mdw, .pst, or .slm file extension. When you configure a folder that contains these file types to be available for Offline Files, Windows displays (for each ineligible file) the error message Unable to make file filename available offline on \\servername\sharename. Files of this type cannot be made available offline.
Configuring the Local Computer
To configure the local computer to use Offline Files, you must first confirm that the feature is enabled. (Offline Files is enabled by default on Win2K Professional systems but not on Win2K Server systems.) Open the Control Panel Folder Options applet or choose Tools, Folder Options from any Windows system window (e.g., My Computer, Windows Explorer, My Network Places) to open the Folder Options dialog box. Go to the Offline Files tab, which Figure 3 shows. Confirm that the Enable Offline Files check box is selected.
The other settings on the tab configure Offline Files' operation. The Synchronize all offline files before logging off option guarantees that users will get the most recent version of each offline-enabled file from the server when they log off. (Win2K automatically controls the synchronization process that occurs when users log on; you can't modify that process.)
The Enable reminders option controls the reminder balloon that appears over the taskbar system tray to help users remember that they're working offline. I suggest you select the Place shortcut to Offline Files folder on the desktop check box. Doing so provides a quick way for users to view their offline files. (Otherwise, users must navigate to the Folder Options' Offline Files tab and click View Files.)
The concept of temporary offline files can be confusing. By default, Win2K dedicates 10 percent of the local disk space to serve as a local cache when users open files in the folders that you've configured for automatic caching. Files are placed in this cache automatically when a user opens them. The files in this temporary cache aren't synchronized when users log on or log off, so you won't do any harm by reducing the size of the temporary offline files cache. You can use the slider at the bottom of the Offline Files tab to increase or decrease the amount of disk space that Win2K dedicates to the temporary cache. (This specification doesn't apply to the amount of disk space that the system dedicates to storing manually selected offline files. No specific limit exists for that space.)
Click Advanced to display the Offline Files - Advanced Settings dialog box, which Figure 4 shows. These settings let you specify the local computer's behavior when users lose a network connection. Notify me and begin working offline lets users continue working with any offline files that they've already moved to their local systems. Never allow my computer to go offline makes local offline files inaccessible until users can log on and log off properly to synchronize the files.
The Offline Files - Advanced Settings are global. However, you can customize the way client systems react when they lose a connection to a specific server. To do so, click Add in the Exception list section. In the resulting Offline Files - Add Custom Action dialog box, enter the name of the server for which you want to customize the connection-related settings, or use the Browse button to find and select the server's name. Then, choose the connection option you want to take effect if users lose their connections to that system.
The option you choose for handling an unplanned disconnection depends on the type of files users will access. If multiple users will access the same files, synchronization becomes more important to ensure that users are working with the most recent version of each file. If only one user will access the server-side file, that user can keep working offline when he or she is accidentally disconnected.
The Synchronization Process
File maintenance can get thorny when multiple users access the same file for offline use. Therefore, Win2K manages modified offline files during both the logon and logoff synchronization procedures.
Suppose User A and User B are both working offline with a file named file1. When User A then logs on, Win2K synchronizes the server-based file1 with the User A file1, so both files have the same content. When User B logs on, the system notes that User A's changes have been written to file1, so the server-based copy is different than it was when User B began working with it offline. Rather than overwrite User A's changes automatically, Win2K offers User B the choice of replacing the network file (i.e., the one with User A's changes), replacing the local file with the current version of the network file, or saving the modified local file, under a different filename, to the network. The appropriate choice is usually the option to save the file with a different name, giving both users access to each other's changes. During future synchronizations, users can decide which server-based file they want to make available for offline access.
When a file is accessible to many users, the number of files that are modifications of the original file can become enormous. Therefore, as an administrator, you might want to create multiple shares on your servers and limit the number of files in each share. (I'll discuss specific synchronization options and day-to-day use of Offline Files in my next Getting Started with Windows 2000 column.)
When a shared folder contains shared subfolders, and those subfolders contain files that users can access for offline use, the local computer's synchronization process ignores those subfolders. To permit subfolder synchronization, you must enable a local Group Policy.
Open a new Microsoft Management Console (MMC) console, then choose Console, Add/Remove Snap-in from the menu bar. Click Add to open the Add Standalone Snap-in dialog box. Select Group Policy, then click Add. By default, Local Computer is selected in the Group Policy Object dialog box. Click Finish, then click Close to return to the Add/Remove Snap-in dialog box. Click OK to return to the MMC console. In the left pane, expand the Local Computer Policy and navigate to Computer Configuration, Administrative Templates, Network, Offline Files. In the right pane, double-click the Subfolders always available offline policy, which Win2K doesn't configure by default. Click Enabled, then click OK to return to the MMC console. Close the console and choose No when you're prompted to save the console settings.
More to Come
After you configure the options for Offline Files on both the server share and the local computer, your users can begin to take advantage of the feature. In my next column, I'll cover the tasks that users must perform when using Offline Files and the way that Win2K implements those tasks. I'll also discuss some of the gotchas I've encountered with the feature. In the meantime, for more information about Offline Files, see Sean Daily, Tricks & Traps, "Daily Answers," May 2001, InstantDoc ID 20276; and Todd Logan, "The Ins and Outs of Offline Files," May 2001, InstantDoc ID 20373.


text:
A TRUSTED care home manager stole cash from a dead resident because she was "out of her depth".
Linda Parkin, 55, from Sunderland, told the sister of a deceased man that she would help sort out his affairs and close his post office account when he died in September last year.
But Newcastle Crown Court heard she withdrew thousands of pounds from the victim's account to cover up her own financial mismanagement at Bowland Lodge care home on Western Avenue, Grainger Park, Newcastle.
The court heard she made more than £13,000 in withdrawals, but prosecutors accept she used more than £10,000 of the cash to pay off the deceased resident's care fees.
Christopher Rose, prosecuting, said she used the rest of the money to pay off other residents' debts which she had allowed to build up and to buy shopping for the home.
The sister of the resident told investigators: "I am distressed about this and cannot believe someone would steal from someone who has died."
The court heard Parkin also conned more than £2,000 from an vulnerable ex-smoker at the home by continuing to take money from him for cigarettes which he no longer needed or got.
Prosecutors accept Parkin did not keep any of the cash for herself.
Parkin, of Hurstwood Road, Sunderland, was arrested at home on Christmas Eve last year and went on to admit theft and fraud charges.
Judge John Evans sentenced her to a community order for two years with supervision and 160 hours of unpaid work.
The judge told her: "This is an unusual case.
"It is not suggested that you personally benefited. Had that been the case, the position would be very different. It may be that you found yourself out of your depth."
Rachel Hedworth, defending, said Parkin had put considerable amounts of her own money into the business in a bid to keep it running smoothly.
Miss Hedworth said: "She was expected to carry out the role of numerous other employees as well as manager.
"She was entirely over-stretched and wished she had resigned years ago but was very fond of the residents at the home."
Miss Hedworth said the married mum-of-three was deeply ashamed of what she has done, has found new work and will never be back before the courts again.


text:
Video: 20 Goals & 13 Assists from van Persie
After finally avoiding the physio's treatment tables for the majority of the season, Robin van Persie was able to show the Premier League his unique set of attacking skills for the first time during his 5 year tenure in North London since signing for a mere 2.75 million from Feyenoord. His ability on the ball was already well known, but persistent injuries and a rash temperament kept him from fulfilling his full potential. His tally of goals and assists make him a rare talent. A striker who can score goals from nothing, as well as someone who thrives on setting up his teammates. Here's to this being the beginning of a long successful period for Arsenal's next Flying Dutchman.
Courtesy of MrRenoog.


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This is my gorgeous friend/teacher/model Ms. Carrie lighting a tiki torch on her 30th birthday. Miss flat stomach and perfect skin biked with me today, maintaining a strong stride all 20 miles on her lousy Trek mountain bike. My new super sleek Giant gave me little advantage over her finely-tuned triathlon body.
We came across some interesting finds peddling through environmental preserves and along railroad tracks. Rounding the corner of Old Quarry Road, we heard bagpipes. Once on top of the hill, we looked up to see a solo female bag piper playing Amazing Grace at a cemetery. She played beautifully and Carrie and I waved to show our appreciation. We guessed that she may have been playing for her deceased father. That was a treasure you don't often see or hear biking on the back roads of South Bethlehem.


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Windows 8: Make or break for Microsoft?
Microsoft is attempting to bridge the desktop PC and tablet worlds with Windows 8
This Article Covers
The most hotly anticipated announcement at Mobile World Congress (MWC) in Barcelona was not the next big thing from Apple – that is going to happen next week – but Microsoft's big push into the tablet market.
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The company that has made billions providing the Windows operating system for desktop and laptop computers is entering the next era in its long and largely successful history. At MWC, it unveiled the Windows 8 Consumer Preview for users to download and try out.
This is not yet another version of Windows – Microsoft must adapt to the consumerisation of IT and it is pinning its hopes on Windows 8.
"Windows 8 is a critical part of Microsoft's history. The operating system can potentially unify its fortunes," said Richard Edwards, principal analyst at Ovum.
According to Edwards, Microsoft's success came about due to consumer pressure. When IBM attempted to establish OS/2 in the early 1990s, home PC users put pressure on businesses to adopt Windows instead.
"Windows was Microsoft's route into the enterprise," he said. "Now Microsoft is pinning its hopes on power users who want the power of a PC with the flexibility of a tablet device."
Operating system on the go
The Windows 8 Consumer Preview appears to take the same approach as mobile platforms such as Apple's iOS and Google's Android. There are apps in the Windows Store, with Microsoft clearly hoping to emulate the huge success of Apple's AppStore and the Android Marketplace. Users also need a Microsoft Live account to access cloud-based services such as cloud storage, e-mail, calendar and contacts.
The so-called Metro touch-based user interface shows that Microsoft is taking the tablet market seriously, while under the covers there is built-in support for low-powered hardware.
Windows 8 supports the ARM Cortex-A9 processor. Graphics chip maker Nvidia has integrated a graphics processor in its Tegra3 quad-core mobile processor. There are many variations based on the ARM architecture, each vying to capture a piece of the tablet market.
Yet, while it borrows from tablet trends, unlike iOS or Android, Windows 8 will be a fully fledged operating system, capable of running sophisticated client applications.
According to Steven Sinofsky, president of the Windows and Windows Live division at Microsoft, the Windows 8 Consumer Preview delivers a "no-compromises approach to using your PC".
New style of web browsing
Oke Okaro, general manager and head of mobile at Bloomberg, admitted that the new Microsoft offering is impressive, with its attempt to give users an optimal tablet and PC experience on one device.
"In the two years since the iPad's launch, growth in the PC market has slowed. Windows 8 is trying to bridge the touch-based tablet world and the traditional PC world," he said.
Okaro said Windows 8 has the potential as a new platform for Bloomberg's news and television service. "Our goal is to deliver essential news and information that business executives need to make better informed decisions. As a result, we need to be on the device platforms with an experience that is optimal, as long as there is a critical mass on that platform."
He recognised that as Windows has a very large installed base, and traditionally there is a rapid uptake, the new operating system will gain critical mass quickly.
Windows 8 is trying to bridge the touch-based tablet world and the traditional PC world
Oke Okaro, Bloomberg
In addition, Okaro said Windows 8 is a game-changer for traditional web browsing. "[Windows 8] will provide Bloomberg and many other companies [with an opportunity] to start the redefinition of the web experience as a result of the desktop PC and tablet worlds merging."
Making a mobile push
When it was launched in 2009, Windows 7 was a big step forward for Microsoft and a huge improvement over its predecessors, Windows XP and later Vista. It was the last version before Apple convinced everyone to buy an iPad.
Three years on, Microsoft desperately needs to regain control over client-side computing. It is no longer about the desktop and laptop. Smartphones are almost ubiquitous and tablets have established a new form of client-side computing.
Craig Cartier, an analyst for ICT practice at global consultancy Frost & Sullivan, said: "Windows needs a foothold in the mobile space if it is to continue to be one of the world's premiere technology brands, and it is desperately grasping for one."
Cartier pointed out that while Microsoft dominates market share in PC operating systems, it has struggled in the smartphone sphere, never surpassing low single-digit share in the mass-market smartphone era.
He added that Microsoft's partnership with Nokia has potential, but has yet to reap any benefits.
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February 22, 2013
Death Valley National Park Named Largest International Dark Sky Park In The World
Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com - Your Universe Online
International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) announced this week that Death Valley National Park is being designated as the largest International Dark Sky Park in the world.The association said that the park offers views similar to what could have been seen before the rise of cities, due to its seclusion from other towns.
Death Valley earned a "Gold Tier" status from the sky pollution watchdog, a status awarded to only those places that offer some of the darkest locations across the globe.
"Death Valley is a place to gaze in awe at the expanse of the Milky Way, follow a lunar eclipse, track a meteor shower, or simply reflect on your place in the universe," said National Park Service Director Jonathan B. Jarvis. "We greatly appreciate the International Dark-Sky Association certification. It illustrates the park´s commitment to protect natural darkness and supports the wider mission to protect nightscapes of the entire National Park System."
Death Valley is comprised of plenty of wilderness areas, and is also famous for its extreme climate. The 3.4 million acre park is free of its own sources of light pollution, and the only competing light sources around the town are the lights of Las Vegas.
"Death Valley´s night skies are a thing of beauty that everyone should have a chance to see. We hope that the action the park has taken to preserve the night sky within its borders will inspire surrounding communities to follow their example," said IDA Executive Director Bob Parks.
The national park hopes to influence other surrounding areas, including Xanterra Parks and Resorts, to improve their lighting. Xanterra said it plans to continue lighting upgrades, with goals of improving the night sky over Death Valley.
Cities could help with light pollution, and open up a new window of vastness the night sky has to offer by using outdoor light fixtures that direct light to the ground, rather than sideways or upwards. Also, areas could eliminate outdoor lighting where it is unnecessary.
A documentary was released last year, with the subject matter being about light pollution. "Losing the Dark" was a video production brought on by the International Dark-Sky Association and Loch Ness Productions. The video gives facts about light pollution, as well as gives viewers a way to work together to combat the issue.
IDA named New Zealand's Aoraki Mackenzie the world's largest "International Dark Sky Reserve". This reserve covers over 1,600 square miles of New Zealand's South Island.


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Innovative Studies in Age-related Illnesses
CPMCRI Scientist Dr. Greg Tranah Receives New Funding to Continue Innovative Studies in Age-related Illnesses
January 15, 2014
Through a collaboration with the San Francisco Coordinating Center, CPMC's Research Institute is home to the largest, richest data sets about aging in the U.S. Age-related neurodegenerative illnesses including dementia, and the physical decline associated with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are being explored to uncover new targets for earlier prevention and even treatment.
Dr. Greg Tranah, CPMCRI Scientist and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics at UCSF is among a select group of researchers in the U.S. uncovering how alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can lead to cognitive decline and dementia, and how mitochondrial genetic variation plays a much greater role than once believed in neurodegeneration and age-related brain illnesses.
Current therapies for Alzheimer's disease target end-stage illness and most only partially mitigate memory loss. Dysfunction of mitochondria—the energy producing powerhouses of our cells—is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative illnesses and represents a growing area of research. Dr. Tranah's findings point to new pathways early in the progression of disease that may represent novel targets for more powerful therapies.
"We are exploring inherited and acquired mitochondrial DNA mutations that predispose people to age-related cognitive decline, circulating markers of Alzheimer's pathology, and dementia," said Dr. Tranah. "These findings could revolutionize screening approaches to predict risk of dementia, and yield versatile, inexpensive tests to identify people who could benefit from existing pharmacologic and behavioral treatments that target mitochondria."
"Additionally, identifying mitochondrial DNA variants associated with cognitive processes may yield new drugs or clinical strategies for maintaining neurologic function in the elderly."
His research in this area was recently funded by the CPMC Foundation.
Other new funding was received from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, to support Dr. Tranah's research into the effects of genetic variation on responsiveness to physical activity in the elderly. Age-related declines in cardiopulmonary function threaten the quality of life of many older adults. Dr. Tranah's research in this area aims to test the impact of mtDNA sequence variation on walking speed, blood pressure and lung function in these individuals.
"Regularly engaging in physical activity provides an important modifiable behavior to improve the health of the elderly," said Dr. Tranah. "However, a large heterogeneity exists in responsiveness to increased physical activity, and the explanation for this variability is unclear. Our study focuses on the role of mtDNA sequence variation in explaining the heterogeneity in cardiopulmonary responsiveness to regular physical activity. This direction could have a large impact in moving the field toward the National Institutes of Health's goals of personalizing behavioral interventions."


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A faux fur trim adds to the winter style on the Women's Arctic Parka, fully waterproof and insulated for protection on the wildest of winter days.
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1Heat oven to 325°F. Line cookie sheet with foil. Place bread slices on cookie sheet; spray lightly with cooking spray. Bake 7 to 10 minutes or until very crisp. Place bread slices on cooling rack; cool completely.
2Meanwhile, in decorative bowl, mix salsa ingredients. Let stand at room temperature 20 minutes to blend flavors, or refrigerate until serving time. Serve salsa with crispy bread slices.


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Bieber-mania epidemic sweeps Edmonton while moms remember Donny Osmond
You know what they say about being doomed to repeat the past if you forget history? Don't sweat it. We're going to repeat it anyway.
To those who claim the current Bieber Hysteria afflicting Edmonton is an unprecedented phenomenon, we have two words for you: Donny Osmond. Who the hell is Donny Osmond, you ask? Ask your mom. Or grandma.
The only real difference between Justin Bieber and Donny Osmond is 40 years. The rest is exactly the same. Comparing these guys is obvious, and it's not just the hair. Donny was just as big as Justin Bieber is now, maybe bigger. For a time. Male teen superstars of this stature don't come along very often. It takes just right portions of cuteness and talent and massive marketing. From there, they follow none other but the laws of nature, something to do with hormones as millions of girls around the world lose their minds and scream and swoon and gaze adoringly the precious Donny Osmond-Justin Bieber posters that adorn their bedroom walls.
It is, as they say, "just a phase."
In full swing now, Justin Bieber performs Monday at Rexall Place.
So let's compare:
Can't avoid the elephant in the room. Justin Bieber ruined this hairstyle for everyone, just as Donny Osmond did 40 years ago. Kind of eerie, isn't it?
One word: Pandemonium. That Bieber has seen fit to spend a couple days off in Edmonton has thrown the locals into a tizzy not seen since the Rolling Stones hit town, except with young girls instead of balding boomers. We especially love Bieber here – he's already had Edmonton on his mind! When he came on stage in Calgary Oct. 12, he committed a faux pas and said, "How are you doing, Edmonton!" He is not likely to make the same mistake here. He must really love it here! (Cue more screaming.) Similar frenzy occurred 40 years ago – with only a miniscule fraction of photographic evidence of the fan frenzy at concerts and public appearances. You have only to ask any Woman of a Certain Age (mom or grandma, depending), to pull out her old Donny Osmond posters and reminisce. Or better yet, leave it to the imagination.
Justin sings romantic pop songs aimed at teenage girls. Donny sang romantic pop songs aimed at teenage girls. Justin tells one less lonely girl that he's never going to let her go as long as she loves him, and moreover that if he could be her boyfriend he'd never let her go a second time, and he's got money in his hand that he'd really like to blow. Donny never mentioned bling or shwag, but is a lonely boy who, when he falls in puppy love, too young being the recurrent theme, kindly requests that the girl in question go away before he begs her to stay because he wants to be faithful to the girlfriend he has already. Kind of eerie, isn't it?
Donny had Marie, Justin has Selena Gomez and his opening act Carly Rae "Call Me Maybe" Jepsen. Point for Justin.
DONNY OSMOND: Came to fame from a television show
JUSTIN BIEBER: Came to fame from a YouTube video
DONNY OSMOND: On the cover of Tiger Beat 35 times.
JUSTIN BIEBER: 29 million Twitter followers
DONNY OSMOND: Mormon
JUSTIN BIEBER: Not Mormon, but has a tattoo of Jesus on his leg
DONNY OSMOND: Only came to Edmonton once, not as a teen idol, but in 1993 as the star of the musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.
JUSTIN BIEBER: Justin loves Edmonton! (More screaming)
DONNY OSMOND: Said he was washed up at 21
JUSTIN BIEBER: Three more years to go!


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NEW YORK --Officials are investigating after a 26-year-old woman was struck by a taxi that jumped a curb in Midtown on Sunday afternoon.
Fire officials say the incident happened near 34th Street and 7th Avenue around 3:30 p.m.
The victim was transported to Bellevue Hospital in serious condition.
The cab remained at the scene after the woman was hit.


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Mason Hosts E-Learning Symposium
Posted: May 24, 2007 at 1:00 am, Last Updated: November 30, -0001 at 12:00 am
Mason's Instructional Technology (IT) Program and the Defense Acquisition University (DAU) will hold the third annual Innovations in E-Learning Symposium from June 5 to 7 on the Fairfax Campus.
Symposium topics include global e-learning, open source, social software, organizational development and games and simulations.
The idea for the symposium began in 2004 when DAU approached the IT Program faculty at Mason about developing e-learning training and online courses. At the time there was no venue in Northern Virginia that dealt with e-learning, according to Nada Dabbagh, associate professor in the Instructional Technology program in the College of Education and Human Development.
"Three main constituents are attracted to the symposiums – military and government personnel, corporate organizations and academics – who are interested in finding a balance between theory and practice," says Kevin Clark, associate professor and program coordinator for the Instructional Technology program.
The symposium aims to provide professionals with the knowledge and skills needed to apply a wide range of computer and telecommunications technologies in achieving educational goals within school, community, corporate and public settings.
Sharon Pitt, executive director of the Division of Instructional Technology, will give a presentation on Thursday, June 7, called "Next Level E-Learning: From Increasing Adoption to Increasing Effectiveness." Pitt believes blending e-learning into campus-based degree programs can help institutions address key issues, such as helping students balance personal and educational demands, meeting regional and global economic development and workforce needs and improving time-to-degree completion.
"The symposium is important because it draws e-learning industry professionals from the [Washington, D.C.] metro and Northern Virginia areas to participate in a cutting-edge symposium that explores the latest e-learning theories, processes and technologies in government and higher education contexts," says Dabbagh.
For more information and to register for a workshop, visit the web site.