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If you ask me, impromptu love sessions should be mandatory for a couple every few years. Because while I love a good engagement or anniversary, there's nothing to say there has to be an occasion to snap a photo shoot with your sweetie. *Enter* Thomas and Cecilia, who just so happen to love beekeeping and horseback riding on the island of Kauai. They had Blenda Montoro capturing a few of their favorite things, and as sweet as this peek is, the full gallery is filled with sooooo much more.
From Blenda... Thomas and Cecilia wanted a love session that showed their love of Kauai, and their simple island life style. Whether it's riding horses, going to the beach, listening to Thomas play music, island living has enriched their lives. Bee keeping is something Thomas got interested in through an older friend of his. Now they both share a passion for both the bees, the honey, and the process surrounding it. Thomas educated us on how it works, and the time and love that is required to maintain healthy bee hives. We got to take some honey home with us and you can't beat fresh local honey!


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Each day we bring you one stunning little glimpse of history in the form of a historical photograph. Enjoy!
Wednesday, February 2, 2011
Train Station
37 comments:
'Twould that life could have stayed like that.ReplyDelete
18 below in Grand Forks, NDReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 2, 2011 at 6:08 AM
30 degrees in Seattle this morning.ReplyDelete
I'll take that back, it is 20 below right nowReplyDelete
You wouldn't think windchill was a scam if you lived in Canada. At any rate, it is -10C here today. Not too bad at all. I grew up in the northern part of Alberta, and we had temperatures at times between -30 and -55 Celsius. And that is without the windchill.ReplyDelete
My thermometer says -21 right now in the predawn cold countryside near Pinedale, WY (SE of Yellowstone).ReplyDelete
I would rather be out side at zero and no wind than 20 above with a 20 MPH wind blowing.ReplyDelete
20 below with a 20 MPH has a wind chill of 45 below.
So that is the temp here in Grand Forks this morning.
We just had one of the UND Fighting Sioux hockey players (a second round NHL pick) get frostbite to his toes of his left foot when he went outside for about 10 minutes. Now he will be missing so games. So like LEOAL said wind-chill is not a scam.
- Dave NelsonFebruary 2, 2011 at 6:59 AM
22 degrees near Chicago with a windchill of 8. We still have blizzard conditions here. I don't think it's so bad, but the general population seems to be freaking out.ReplyDelete
I invite you to spend a winter on the prairies of Illinois sometime. Then you'll believe windchills. Worst winter I ever experienced was January, 1981. Temps dipped to somewhere around -30 F, with gale force winds that created drifts so high they topped and completely covered the wooden electric poles along the rural roads. The radio announcers were begging people not to even open their storm doors because the wind was so strong it was ripping them off the hinges. A police car was blown sideways off a road and the policemen had to be rescued. Windchill was reported to be -80 to -100 below zero. I was wearing 3 layers of clothing, gloves, hat, and coat in the house. I lived in the kitchen and was afraid to go into the living room for fear the windows would break out from the high winds. I covered the windows with tape and a couple of blankets. I piled all my blankets on my bed, folded in half to make more layers. All my cats crawled in with me, and refused to get out from under the blankets except to eat and answer nature's call.ReplyDelete
Now I live in Georgia! Temperature is in the 40's ABOVE zero!
Roger is right about the wind. I was cross country skiing in -20F temperature but no wind, and it was great, and incredibly beautiful.
"13 °?!" 13 ° c or Fahrenheit? (- 10 ° F)!ReplyDelete
Here, South France, it is + 10 ° c outside and + 27 ° c in the greenhouse!
Greenhouse plastic lined. 2 plastic 10 cm from the other. A greenhouse in the greenhouse. Tomato plants grow every day and there are peppers weekly.
Weather announcement said that there will be 14 ° c outside in weekend (or: 35 or 40 ° c inside the greenhouse!)
Minus 15C as I write here in Canada one hour north of Montreal. Unusual low amount of snow this year. Good for the ones that don't play in the snow anymore but very bad for the people that make their living with snow.ReplyDelete
PS what does fadism mean? Anything to do with fading snow falls? (word verific.)
- AnonymousFebruary 2, 2011 at 8:14 AM
It didn't get below 70 last night in Pompano Beach, Broward County, FL, I feel your pain though, with the breeze off the Ocean this morning the Windchill must have been in the upper 60s. Heading to 82 today.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 2, 2011 at 8:15 AM
We have -36F in Wyoming and it will get colder right before the sun comes up. UGH! Way too cold.ReplyDelete
According to the thermometer outside it's only 40° F outside right now at 6:20 am. Checking the paper, they're predicting we're only going to get to 64° today. For those of you not from the area, that's almost too cold to wear shorts! Brrrrr!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 2, 2011 at 8:42 AM
I love the old station house and any old RR stuff. That and early aviation.ReplyDelete
It's warmed up to 34F here on Long Island, NY. The rain is melting the ice we got last night. We've been getting snow every week and it's piling up. Where the heck is that global warming when you need it? Wind chill... I don't care about the numbers. If it's windy and cold you need a windproof layer of clothing to be protected.
Shorts? Evil Nate being truly evil!
- AnonymousFebruary 2, 2011 at 9:02 AM
The local radio station in Ada, MN just told us it is 21 below. But, the sun is shining, and the wind speed is not high.ReplyDelete
I feel for you guys. It is a beautiful sunny morning and about 60 degrees here in southern California. "Surf is up" too!ReplyDelete
- LindaBSendFebruary 2, 2011 at 9:17 AM
Here in CT its not necessarily the temperature, 27 degrees, but the snow that is the problem. Currently we have 3-4 feet of snow on the ground, and the storms keep coming. Today we are expecting sleet and up to 1/4 inch of ice.ReplyDelete
It is about 27 degrees right now. It is suppose to warm up. With that wind blowing and howling out there I dont seee how though. But... I sure am cold. My thre is when the temperatures drop below 50 it is COLD! I love the hot warm sun. I want to know when it will be arriving again. I sure miss it.ReplyDelete
Like your picture today.
Have a wonderful day blessings!
- AnonymousFebruary 2, 2011 at 9:40 AM
It's sunny and clear in Eureka, which is on the Northern California coast about 300 miles north of San Francisco. A little ice on the windshield in the morning and daytime high of around 63 degrees. I'll send some your way. Stay warm in the mid west and east today.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 2, 2011 at 9:42 AM
it is 50 with a high of almost 60 in Hickory N.CReplyDelete
It is 35. Freezing rain. No work today. Everything closed due to the winter storm that is turning out to be rain! I'd rather have snow.ReplyDelete
It was 68 degrees here in Tallahassee yesterday but it's supposed to be 48 for the high tomorrow. My daughter, who is almost 18, is praying for snow as she's never seen it. So feel free to send SOME (not all) this way.ReplyDelete
Hang in there, people. And thanks for the pictures of the early 1900's. I especially love the Edwardian fashions. I always thought Theodore Roosevelt was a natty dresser, and love the hats the women wore.
20 degrees in Greenville, 45 miles east of Dallas. Dallas is a mess. Accidents all over - wind chill is tipping over 18-wheelers all over the city highways. My pipes froze, had to stand out in the cold last night and use the hair dryer, heat lamps, and small heaters to thaw them out. Sheesh!ReplyDelete
I have been following this blog for some time now, and I love the looks from the past. I haven't commented before now, but today's train station was just so beautiful that I couldn't help it. Thank you for always posting these! I wish I knew a time like that.ReplyDelete
I'm in Central Oklahoma, it is 9 degrees F here
A 'scam' is something that steals your money. Perhaps you meant 'fraud'? At any rate, there is a great deal of difference in the heating bill between 20F when it is just "sitting there", and 20F when the wind is seeking out every possible weak spot in your insulation.ReplyDelete
Wind chill is definitely real - come stay in the "Windy City" for a while and you'll find out for yourself.ReplyDelete
Currently 21 degrees. Just came in from trying to shovel out the driveway - drifts built up and the snow was waist-high. Worried about middle son, who tripped yesterday and got a concussion. Worried about husband who has been trapped in an ambulance for the last 12 hours, waiting for a tow truck to arrive because the ambulance broke down (he's a paramedic). Worried about getting the rest of the snow off the driveway, because the shovel broke.
But other than that, it's a beautiful day. The sun is shining, the snow is sparkling, and the air has this wonderful crispness to it that makes you happy to be alive.
It was -15 where we live North of Nowhere in Wyoming at 6 a.m. this morning but we've seen temps of -28 in the last few days. It got pretty western for us as our power went out on the first night of these low temps and we were out for 18 hours. I wound up bathing with horse tank water -- really! my blog is http://howdidigetthisold.blogspot.com if you want details. We are still without water as it froze the well and the water lines.ReplyDelete
On another note, I sure wish the US had a viable train system like Europe and Japan do.
It's 46 degrees in Sitka, Alaska.ReplyDelete
We spent the morning on the water...83F here on Florida's Treasure Coast...my Grandson was complaining about being cold after playing in the water...ReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 2, 2011 at 3:12 PM
Las Vegas, 1 pm, 35 degreesReplyDelete
- Joe in NCFebruary 2, 2011 at 6:00 PM
Groundhog says spring's coming soon.ReplyDelete
Yeah, ok.
54° F here early this AM.
I think I live near-ish to where this train station used to be... I believe this is the "Mount Pocono" station for the Delaware-Lackawanna & Western Railroad, located between Scranton and Stroudsburg, PA.ReplyDelete
It was 34 F here today and some of the 40 odd inches of snow that we have had this season started to melt.
the world is upside down. It is 46degrees in Sitka and 0 degrees in southern Iowa. With a wind chill. What exactly is wrong with this picture? I, too, love the old station in this photo. Have one of our local depot would like to share with you. How would I do that?ReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 2, 2011 at 11:23 PM
It is 40 in Tuscon AZ at night 20, absolutely unheard of and people are "praying" for it to warm up as "it is too cold" (ridiculous!!!)ReplyDelete
I am from Ill. "Enjoy" ---I say because in a couple of weeks it will be above 90---ickkkkk!
58° this afternoon in Bakersfield, CA.ReplyDelete
Pretty fancy for a way up northern girl like me .ReplyDelete

subset: commoncrawl


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In the disaster that remains of the supercommittee's failure to achieve a budget compromise may lie some seeds of life for the Democrats. As Ed points out, Republicans, uncharacteristically, are opposing a tax cut, specifically an extension of a cut in the employee share of payroll taxes. If they push this position, President Obama will have a field day as they step into his trap.
Obama's political aim: Move away from the general and get the Republicans on the specifics. He tried this on health care, where individual pieces of the law, such as insurance reforms, polled much higher than what became the concept of Obamacare. Similarly, the supercommittee's failure in the aggregate is a vexing muddle, but some of its potential pieces -- extending the payroll tax cut -- are popular. This is turf Obama can win on.
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Surely, Republicans still listen to smart advice like Ed's, but here's to hoping they don't.


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I ran across someone that refferenced a Pole, Poole, Pohl / poll, but I lost it. But I doubt it would have gone anywhere, they had in in ( )... Well, it's worth a try. If you find anything, you'll post it for us all, won't you? *Smiles*


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Imperial Tobacco Jumps as U.K. May Not Alter Packs: London MoverGabi Thesing
Imperial Tobacco Group Plc, Europe's second-biggest tobacco company, rose the most in a year in London trading after the Sun reported that the U.K. government has scrapped plans to consider legislation on plain packaging.
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While U.K. Prime Minister David Cameron initially backed plans for plain packaging, he has backed away as such a move would damage the packaging industry and cost 3 billion pounds ($4.7 billion) in lost tax revenue, the Sun reported. The proposed law is to be pulled from the Queen's speech on May 8, which is the government's announcement of its program for the next parliamentary session, the newspaper said.
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Basically if you send a post which is potentially politically charged, Steve Jobs will block it. There have been reports of posts which talk about civil unrest in Greece being blocked. A thread on the problem has started here and seems to point that Apple has decided to go the way of China and censor all references to political debate. Not that we believe for a moment that many Apple fanboys are interested in politics. But if the filter accidentally banned Coldplay there might be a few riots.
Mike Conley thinks that Apple has some sort of trainable outgoing spam filter on its SMTP servers, and that this is blocking some messages and not others. Certain combinations of words and phrases will trigger a block, and minor changes to the text will allow the message to pass. He is fairly certain that there is nothing particularly nefarious going on is that Apple is incompetent. However the problem is that the sender has no idea the message has been blocked and the message is silently discarded.
"Apple has again engaged in its typical hamfisted, secretive, 'you need a Daddy' approach to dealing with its customers and I'm just heartily sick of it. I have my new domain and server space; my .Mac account will be going away in a few weeks, and that'll be that," Conley wrote.
Of course Apple fanboys cannot believe that Jobs' Mob would do such a thing and have posted "it is not effecting me" type notes. One poster thinks that it must be happening on Internet servers between the gizmo and the receiver and nothing to do with Apple at all.
"I have one .me e-mail address, and 13 other e-mail addresses that don't use Apple's system. This happens on all of them occasionally. You can't blame Apple for problems that occur when sending e-mails through the complex collection of servers that forms the Internet. Sometimes things just get lost," he wrote optimistically.
Apple is refusing to say what it is doing, or if there are any mistakes in its system, which many of the posters think is causing more problems than it is worth.
"This is one area where Apple's famous silent treatment harms all of us. I don't believe the company is deliberately censoring political content, but their mail abuse filters are clearly dysfunctional. They are irresponsible in not alerting the sender," another user wrote.


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IN Great Britain, the majority of the people wanted railways as soon as they became available. In China the great mass of the population formerly objected to any form of locomotion other than that afforded by the wheel-barrow, the horse, and the native boat.
Most of the Western countries, however, acquired concessions, by one means or another, to build and operate railways in China. This vast country is now reasonably well served by lines that have been laid down by foreign engineers, and by the Chinese themselves.
An early railway in China is that linking Canton to Kowloon, adjoining the British island of Hong Kong. Canton is one of the most populous cities in Southern China, and hundreds of thousands of its inhabitants live in native boats or sampans that cover the river—the largest floating population in the world.
The British-operated section of the line is the section of twenty-two miles from Kowloon to Shum Chun. The remaining eighty-nine miles to Canton are under Chinese management.
A concession was obtained to construct the line in 1898. and in 1906 the British section was begun. The standard gauge line is laid through difficult country, and great difficulty was experienced in securing native labour and making provision against floods.
Native customs and superstitions also militated against railway building. Ancestral graves, of which there are myriads scattered indiscriminately all over the countryside, could not be moved. The railway had to deviate to avoid them. For the same reason the hills could not be blasted just where required to make a way for the track.
More than a mile of tunnelling had to be resorted to, and this was accomplished by Italian engineers. About one-third of the country through which the railway passes is mountainous; the remainder is traversed by numerous rivers. These streams are flanked by rice-growing lands protected from floods by 10 ft. "bunds" or banks. The "bunds" added to the difficulties of the engineers in building the bridges, of which there are seven in a distance of nine miles. Heavy embankments were consequently necessary over long stretches of line, and in flood time the railway is often all that appears above the waters for many miles.
The line was first opened for through traffic on August 5, 1911. The Canton-Kowloon Railway is well equipped with modern passenger coaches and steel-sided wagons, mostly of British manufacture.
One of the most important links in the whole of China's railway systems is the Canton-Hankow line.
The beginning of this railway may be traced to the year 1896, when the scheme was first proposed. By 1904 an American syndicate had built a branch line from Canton westward to Samshui, a distance of thirty miles. International complications then arose, which stopped further progress until 1905. In that year local promoters raised sufficient capital to redeem the American concession. Construction of the line was then taken over by the Canton-Hankow Railway Company, and by 1915 the rails had been laid between Canton and Shiuchow, 138 miles distant. The war of 1914-18 created such financial difficulty, however, that construction was stopped. The northern section of the railway with its terminus at Wuchang, opposite Hankow, on the River Yangtze Kiang, was put into the hands of British constructors under an agreement of 1911. This contract, known as the Hukwang Railway Loan Agreement, provided for the building of a line from Wuchang to the southern boundary of Hunan, connecting with the southern section of the line.
Work was begun at the Wuchang end in 1912, but, with the outbreak of the war, it was only possible to open the line as far as Changsha, a distance of 228 miles, in 1917. An extension of this line from Changsha to Chuchow due south for a distance of thirty miles was completed at the same time for the transport of coal. With the completion of the two end sections of the railway, the southern of 138 miles and the northern for a distance of 258 miles, a gap was left of 283 miles. This gap was destined to stay incomplete for a period of thirteen years, as it was found impossible to undertake the construction of a line through such extremely difficult country without adequate resources or the security afforded by settled government.
In 1929, however, the Chinese Ministry of Railways decided to resume work on the section from Shiuchow to Lochang for a distance of thirty-one miles. The route of this section follows the upper course of the North River, and involves the crossing of the Nan Hsiung River by means of a steel bridge. In this section also is a tunnel 466 yards in length, one of the longest in the entire system. The Shiuchow-Lochang section was completed in September 1933, and handed over to the southern section of the Canton-Hankow Railway for operation.
In July 1933 work on the railway between Lochang and Chuchow was pushed forward vigorously, and the final link between northern and southern China is scheduled to be completed in 1936.
Another of the important lines in China is the Nanking-Shanghai Railway, which serves the Yangtze Valley. This railway was built by British engineers, and is 193 miles long. A branch line from Shanghai, on the Wangpo River, links the town with Woosung at the junction of the Wangpo with the Yangtze. The building of this branch line, its destruction, and revival provide an interesting story.
In 1865 it was proposed that this line should be built ostensibly as an object lesson to the Chinese in the construction and running of railways. The scheme was strenuously opposed, and had to be abandoned. Local interests, however, demanded a railway, and to overcome Celestial objections, a British company, Jardine Matteson & Co., obtained a concession from the Chinese Government to build a "road" along the proposed route. Land purchase for the scheme used up most of the Woosung Road Company's capital, but in 1875 it was decided that a narrow-gauge (2 ft. 6 in.) railway should be laid on the "road," to be worked by small engines.
At the beginning of construction, early in 1876, the Chinese Government protested that only a road had been sanctioned—not a railway. The construction gang's engine was accordingly stopped, but the laying of the line continued. The native workmen used hand trollies to take material to the railhead. Each trolley bore a red flag, and red flags were carried by coolies both before and behind the trolley, to ensure the highest possible factor of safety. The Chinese opposition to the use of the steam engine was withdrawn (and re-imposed) several times, but the line was finished as far as Kangwan, five miles from Shanghai, and officially opened on June 30, 1876.
The remainder of the line was being laid when a Chinese was knocked down by the engine and killed. Riots ensued, and the line had to be closed. The Chinese Government, however, agreed to purchase the railway, which was reopened in December, 1876. When the final payment was made by the Chinese in October, 1877, all traffic was stopped. Shortly afterwards the rails were torn up and were shipped with the engines and carriages to the Island of Formosa, where they were dumped into the sea, A temple to the Queen of Heaven was erected on the site of the Shanghai Station.
The line was rebuilt by the Chinese in 1898, and later became part of Nanking-Shanghai Railway. Woosung, scene of China's first railway, now has extensive workshops and yards for the maintenance of its modern locomotives and rolling stock. The construction of the main Nanking—Shanghai Railway was agreed upon between the Chinese Government and the British and Chinese Corporation, Ltd., in 1903, and the survey for a standard gauge (4 ft. 8-1/2 in.) line was completed in 1904.
The first section of the railway, from Shanghai to Nanziang, was opened in November, 1905, followed at intervals by the lines to Wusih, Changchow, Chinkiang, and finally to Nanking in March, 1908. Though most of the country between Shanghai and Nanking is flat, some 300 bridges and 400 culverts were built during the construction of the railway. Most of the bridges are of concrete, but about 2,000 tons of steel bridgework was erected, all of which came from England.
The whole of the land in the railway zone is closely cultivated, hut probably one-tenth of the area is given up to ancestral tombs, which undoubtedly are the cause of many unexpected deviations in the lay-out of the track, since these graves may not in any circumstance be moved or interfered with in any way.
The railway is to-day well equipped with modern rolling stock, locomotives, and buildings. It has a mileage of 203.
A remarkable offshoot of the Nanking-Shanghai railway is the Nanking City line, completed in 1908. This line, about eight miles long, is of standard gauge, but was originally introduced as a feeder line from the outlying districts of Nanking to the terminus of the railway from Shanghai, just outside the city. The city of Nanking, now the capital of the Chinese Republic, covers over fifteen square miles enclosed within enormous walls. The Nanking-Shanghai Railway is linked with the Tientsin-Pukow line by train ferry at Nanking.
Linking the Yangtze Valley with northern China are two main lines, one (the older line) from Hankow to Peking, now renamed Peiping, the other from Pukow to Tientsin. The Tientsin-Pukow Railway is joined to Peking by the Peking-Mukden Railway, which passes through Tientsin. The Peking-Mukden Railway joins the South Manchurian Railway at Mukden, now known as Shenyang.
Before the opening of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway, passengers from Shanghai to Peking changed from the train to a river steamer at Nanking, joining the Hankow-Peking lines train at Hankow. Travellers now cross the River Yangtze from Nanking to Pukow and take a through train of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway to Tientsin.
The Tientsin-Pukow Railway was a joint British-German concern. That part of the line built by British engineers extends from Pukow northwards for a distance of 236-1/2 miles to the Grand Canal of China. The remaining 394-1/2 miles to Tientsin is German-built.
The British section was begun in 1908 and opened for traffic in 1912. This may be accounted excellent progress, as the period covers the Chinese Revolution, and the line was in the battle area.
Apart from this, the difficulties attending construction were considerable. In the first hundred miles from Pukow there are several long cuttings in the solid rock, and the maximum permissible gradient of i in 100 had to be resorted to for about forty miles.
Swamp ground necessitated the provision of high embankments, and on one stretch of flood land, five miles in length, the top of the embankment is 20 ft. above ground level.
After the first hundred miles the country is practically flat, but some cuttings were needed to avoid detours in certain instances. The gauge is 4 ft. 8-1/2 in., and the line is heavily ballasted throughout with limestone obtained from the neighbouring hills.
There are several bridges, the longest being that across the Hwai River, with nine spans of 200 ft. Another bridge, at Ise Ho, has five spans of 200 ft. and three of 50 ft. There are extensive railway workshops situated within the city of Pukow. The old city wall boundary encloses the buildings on two sides.
The northern end of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway was built by German engineers, and at Tsinan passes through the western terminus of the Kiaotsi Railway—also built by the Germans.
Construction work on the German section was begun on July 1, 1908, and the first through train service ran on December 1, 1912, although some portions of the line were opened for traffic in November, 1910. In particular the line from Tientsin to Tsinan was opened before the end of 1910, and did a good traffic with the east coast via the Kiaotsi Railway. At the same time a junction was made with the Peking-Mukden line, opening up trade with North China.
The materials used on the German section naturally came from Germany. The engineers' method of providing ballast for the track is interesting. The line runs through a great plain devoid of hard stone, but abounding in alluvial deposits and loess. A number of kilns were built along the route, and in these the available material was burnt to a clinker, and finally broken up into ballast. Only the lower bricks in the kilns were hard enough to form ballast, but the remainder were used to build the station houses and platforms.
The kilns were used also for the making of tiles, moulded to artistic shapes, which lent a pleasing and typically Chinese aspect to the railway buildings.
There are no tunnels on the Pukow-Tientsin Railway, but, in common with the southern section of the line, the building of the northern section necessitated a number of bridges, some of them over 500 ft. long. The longest bridge is that over the Yellow River, and this is said to be the largest stone pier bridge in China. This bridge is 1,360 yards long, and is built on the cantilever principle, with a central span of 507 ft., flanked by two anchor-arm spans of 300 ft. each. In addition, there are nine truss spans each 300 ft. in length. As no solid rock foundations were available, the stone piers were built on huge wooden piles driven deep into the bed of the river. The Yellow River bridge is an imposing structure, and can be seen rising from the plain from a distance of many miles.
In 1897 two German missionaries were murdered by Chinese in Shantung. A German squadron thereupon took possession of Kiaochow Bay and the surrounding country. After the settlement of this incident with the Chinese Government, a concession was granted to Germany to build two railways in Shantung, and mining rights were acquired.
A line was built from the port of Tsing-Tao to Tsinan, where the Kiaotsi Railway now meets the Tientsin-Pukow line. The gauge is 4 ft. 8-1/2 in., and construction was carried out with steel sleepers. The route runs through level country, and there are no cuttings or tunnels. There was, however, the usual difficulty with water, and no fewer than 1,300 culverts and bridges were constructed during the building of the railway. There are repair shops at Tsing-Tao. When these were first built, a technical school was inaugurated to teach the local Chinese employees not only the rudiments of railway working, but also the reading and writing of their own language, together with the elements of arithmetic and German.
We have seen how many of China's railways sprang from concessions granted for one reason or another to foreign powers. One line in China, however, grew with the necessity of transporting coal from the Kaiping coalfields. These mines were first developed in 1878. and although the coalfields extend to the sea, an ice-bound coast in the winter months rendered it necessary to have another outlet for the coal. In addition, the supplying of coal to the interior of China had to be considered.
All efforts to persuade the Chinese to sanction a railway had failed, but a canal was constructed from the Pehtang River to a point seven miles from the colliery. Finally the Chinese authorities consented to the construction of a line, to be called the Kaiping Tramway, and operated by mules.
The engineer of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, Mr. C. W. Kinder, decided to build this "tramway" to standard gauge. On completion of the track Mr. Kinder began to build a locomotive at Tongshan, using materials from the colliery scrap-heap.
The engine frame was built up of channel iron from old pit head-gear, the cylinders from an old steam engine, and the boiler from a portable engine lying disused at the mine. The locomotive cost about £75.
The reason for building the locomotive was that if the engineer had attempted to import one into China there would have been riots, and his "tramway" would have shared the fate of the Woosung "road" referred to earlier on this page.
Work on the engine was suspended several times, and it is said that on one occasion the incomplete machine was buried in the ground so that Chinese officials should remain unaware of its presence.
In June, 1881, however, the little locomotive started work on the tramway, which was extended about five years later along the side of the canal, to Lutai, where it now forms part of the main line. In August, 1888, the railway reached Tientsin, and extensions were made to the Great Wall of China at Shanhaikwan and to Tungchow, twelve miles from Peking.
The main line, including a fifty-seven miles branch to Neuchwang, is just over 600 miles long, with some 150 additional miles of sidings. Bridges are numerous ; about 160 ft. in every mile of the line there is bridge-work. Many of the bridges have over twenty spans of 100 ft. each. The largest bridge is that over the River Lan Ho, and has ten spans of 100 ft., five of 200 ft., and two of 30 ft. This was the first large bridge to be built in China, and proved to be a difficult task. The Lan Ho in flood is most destructive, dashing trees and other debris against everything in its path. To ensure safety the masonry piers of the bridge are therefore carried down to bed-rock, 70 ft. below the surface of the water.
The railway was finished after the Russo-Japanese War of 1904—5, when the Japanese military railway between Hsinmintun and Mukden was bought by the Chinese, and rebuilt to standard gauge. This gave through communication between Peking and Europe via the Trans-Siberian Railway.
There are certain branch lines north of Peking, one of the most important being the Peking-Kalgan Railway, which starts from Fengtai, on the Peking-Mukden line, and runs to Kalgan, a distance of 125 miles. There is also a branch line of sixteen miles from Hsichihman, near Peking, to Mentonkon, whence anthracite is transported to Peking, and its neighbourhood. From Kalgan the line runs west through Suiyuan to Paotow.
From Nankow, thirty-four miles from Fengtai, tourists on the railway set out on ponies for the famous Ming tombs in the mountains. The Peking-Kalgan Railway climbs the mighty Nankow Pass, the gateway to Mongolia. The Great Wall of China is built along the mountain tops across the pass, which is shared by the old Imperial North Road, a mountain torrent, and the railway. The line has to climb 1,641 ft. in a distance of under twelve miles. This has entailed a gradient of 1 in 40, with occasional stretches of 1 in 30. Even with this steep gradient it was also necessary to construct four tunnels, with a total length of 5,397 ft., and a "reverse" or zig-zag.
Apart from the tunnelling, the railway embankment had to be protected by stone facing and walls from the action of the river when in flood. Once through the pass, the engineers encountered no further difficulties in building the remainder of the line to Kalgan.
In contrast with other railways in China this line does not pass through flood lands, and stone for ballasting and other purposes is plentiful. Little bridge construction was needed, and the largest bridge is one with a single 100 ft. span.
An agreement for the building of the South Manchurian Railway was entered into by Russia and China in September, 1896. From its inception the political forces behind the move were of far greater importance than considerations of transport.
The line, built by Russian engineers with Russian capital, was transferred to Japan by the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905. The South Manchurian Railway runs from Darien on the Yellow Sea (with a branch to Port Arthur), through Mukden (Shenyang) to Hsinking (formerly Changchun) in Manchukuo, formerly Manchuria. Mukden is the northern terminus of the Chinese Government railways, and Hsinking is at the southern end of the Chinese Eastern Railway, also built by the Russians. The Chinese Eastern Railway was built to a gauge of 5 ft., and really forms an extension of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The South Manchurian line was completed in 1901. Early in the progress of the Russo-Japanese War the railway fell into the hands of the Japanese, but the Russians had removed the rolling stock to the north. The Japanese made immediate use of the track by altering the gauge to that of their own lines, 3 ft. 6 in., and locomotives and rolling stock were shipped across from Japan.
At the same time the Japanese built a light 2 ft. 6 in. gauge railway from Antung, at the mouth of the River Yalu, to Mukden.
After the transfer of the South Manchurian Railway to Japan, a company, under the control of the Japanese Government, was formed, not only to take over the administration of the railway, but also to administer South Manchuria on behalf of Japan. This was in 1906, and provides an interesting sidelight on the formation, in 1934, of the state of Manchukuo.
The first task of the new company was to widen the line from Dairen to Changchun—as it was then called—to the standard gauge of 4 ft. 8-1/2 in. This was completed on June 1, 1908, and the 3ft. 6 in. gauge stock re-shipped to Japan.
In 1909 the Japanese began the rebuilding of the narrow-gauge military railway from Mukden to Antung, a difficult task, as the route lies through mountainous country. The maximum gradient is 1 in 80, and there are many sharp curves. In addition, as many as twenty-four tunnels had to be constructed, the longest being 4,884 ft. A number of bridges also had to be built, and the longest at Pen-Chi-Hu has ten spans of 60 ft. and ten of 105 ft. The total length of the Antung branch is 162 miles, and it was opened for traffic on November 1, 1911.
The rebuilding of this branch completed the conversion of the South Manchurian Railway to standard gauge, but, because of a curious oversight, through running to Chinese lines at Mukden was not possible. South Manchurian rolling stock was 8-1/2 in. lower at the buffers than that of the Chinese railways.
Construction of the main line from Changchun to Dairen did not present quite so difficult a task as work subsequently carried out on the railway, as the country presents few natural obstacles, and permits a maximum gradient of 1 in 100.
Dairen is laid out on modern lines and has a regular steamer service to Shanghai. The railway workshops at Dairen are fully equipped for constructing and repairing locomotives and rolling stock.
In addition to the railway linking Nanking and Peking, there is an older route between the Yangtze River and the former capital of China. This is known as the Peking-Hankow Railway. Hankow, which lies on the Yangtze, was the proposed starting-point of a railway, suggested in 1863 by Sir MacDonald Stephenson, that was to run eastward to Shanghai and westward to India. The route outlined by this great engineer for reaching Peking coincides with that of the present Tientsin-Pukow Railway.
Definite proposals to link Hankow and Peking by rail were put forward in 1895, and a survey of the route was begun the following year by an American syndicate. The survey was completed in March, 1897, but neither the Americans nor the British were successful in the final negotiations with the Chinese authorities, since the concession to build the railway went to the Belgians.
A protest was lodged by British merchants with interests in the locality, and concessions were obtained for lines radiating from Shanghai, for the Canton-Kowloon line, and for other lines projected in Honan and Shansi.
The work of the Belgian engineers began in 1900. A section of line, from Lukouchiao to Paoting, had already been built about 1896 by Britain. This line, about eighty miles in length, was taken over by the Belgians. During the international military occupation necessitated by the Boxer Rebellion of 1900, French engineers carried the line from Lukouchiao to Chien-men, one of the gates of Peking.
The distance from Paoting to Hankow—the Belgian section—is 663 miles, and the mileage of the Peking-Hankow Railway, including branch lines, the eleven miles constructed by the French military engineers, and the eighty miles of British line, reaches a total length of 817 miles of standard gauge track.
There are few cuttings on the route and the lines are laid on the ground, following its contour, so that the rails can be seen for miles, glistening in the sun and undulating with the countryside.
It was necessary to construct two tunnels on the Peking-Hankow Railway, one 371 yards long, the other of 351 yards, on the south side of the Yellow River. There are no fewer than 1,285 stone bridges and culverts and 875 iron bridges. The most important and interesting bridge, and by far the largest, is that over the Hwang-Ho or Yellow River.
The Yellow River is known justifiably as "China's Sorrow," and changes its course at irregular intervals, generally with enormous loss of life. The changes are so complete that the old beds of the river can be seen several hundreds of miles apart. This erratic behaviour is due to the fact that the river flows on an elevated part of the country with a sandy soil, and has no rock or clay in the formation of its banks for hundreds of miles. The railway does not descend into the river "valley" but rises to meet it.
Building a bridge across such a river proved no light undertaking, especially as the bed is of shifting sand, with two deep "scours" or channels where the current is very strong. These "scours" will sometimes be increased in depth by floods to the extent of some ten or twelve feet.
The Belgian engineers decided to construct their bridge on "screw" piles, so that in the event of a change in the river's course at the site chosen, it would be possible to re-erect it elsewhere. The cast iron "screw" piles are 12 in. diameter, about 50 ft. long, and are sunk into the river bed to a depth of about 30 ft.
There are 102 spans, carried on girder-piers resting on the piles, and the total length of the bridge is 1 mile 1,531 yards. The Yellow River Bridge cost £520,000, and was opened for traffic in November, 1905.
The Peking-Hankow Railway was taken over bv the Chinese Government on January 1, 1908. Railway workshops are situated about twenty miles from Peking, on the main line, and these are fully equipped for all classes of repair work on locomotives and rolling stock. The locomotives used include some powerful "Mallet" engines, for working the steep gradients—in some places as steep as 1 in 66.
We have been considering Chinese railways of the plains, where construction has constituted a battle of bridges against floods. The Cheng-Tai Railway, however, running due east from the Peking-Hankow Railway at Chengting differs widely from other Chinese undertakings. The track is not standard, but was built to the metre gauge, and is laid through extremely difficult hill country. The line abounds in sharp curves, and gradients are as steep as 1 in 50. The route rises to a height of over 3,000 ft. above its level at the nearest point to the Peking-Hankow Railway,
Three-quarters of the whole line are on gradients, and there are numerous heavy cuttings through the solid rock. There are nineteen tunnels, with a total length of 2,350 yards, and eighty-seven steel bridges, together with a large number of stone bridges and culverts. The railway has its own self-contained workshops and power house. An interesting feature of the rolling stock is the provision, in a number of wagons, of adjustable axles, so that they can be used on adjoining standard gauge track. Traffic on the Cheng-Tai Railway, apart from passengers, is mainly coal, grain, and cotton. The total length of the line is 151 miles.
Another line in the province of Honan is that running west from Tsinghwa to Taokow, and this may be regarded as an offshoot of the Peking-Hankow Railway.
A concession to build the line was granted to the Peking Syndicate in 1900, to link the mines of that concern with the Peking-Hankow Railway. The Boxer rebellion delayed construction until 1902, when work on the railway was begun. The line was finished in 1905, and handed over to Chinese Government control. As was usual when foreign-built railways were taken over by the Chinese, payment was made by the issue of interest-bearing bonds.
The line, completed in 1905, is ninety-six miles long, and crosses the Peking-Hankow line by a viaduct at Hsin-Hsiang-Hsien, where a graded branch line links up the two railways.
The route lies in somewhat flat country and, although a number of bridges were necessary, none of these is of large dimensions. There are some fine repair shops attached to the railway, which is joined to the mining property of the Peking syndicate by a branch line 1,000 yards long.
Another railway that crosses the Peking-Hankow line, at Chengchow in this instance, is the Lunghai Railway. This railway was built by Franco-Belgian interests, and the line was begun in July, 1905. The last section of the railway was completed to a length of 115 miles and opened for traffic in December, 1908. The track is standard gauge, and although the country between the terminus and Chengchow presented little difficulty to the engineers, the western portion entailed difficult construction work in mountainous country. The geography of the line is similar to that of the Cheng-Tai Railway, with which it runs parallel.
There are eleven tunnels varying in length from 54 yards to 546 yards, and 403 bridges of both steel and stone. One of the finest of the steel bridges is that over the Lo Ho, completed in 1910, and this structure has seven spans with a total length of 345 yards.
French Indo-China owes its political existence to a treaty signed by the Governments of France and China on June 9, 1885. This great tract of land, covering an area of nearly 300,000 square miles, is bounded on the north by China proper, and on the east and south by the South China Sea. Indo-China forms a gateway to Central China, with its vast possibilities of trade. The French lost little time in constructing a railway from the port of Haiphong as far as Laokay on the northern frontier, bordering on the fertile Chinese province of Yunnan. This section of the railway is 240 miles long.
Unfortunately, however, Yunnan comprises some country presenting great difficulty to the railway engineer. Great mountain ranges, towering 4,000 to 7,000 ft., are intersected by deep, precipitous ravines in which flow swift rivers. To overcome this great natural barrier, the French Government obtained a concession to build a railway from the frontier to Yunnan-fu, the capital of the province of Yunnan, a distance of 290 miles.
The line is built to the metre gauge, and is laid on steel sleepers. Great trouble was experienced in construction, as the mountains through which the railway winds are composed of rock interspersed with layers of clay in some places. In the rainy season it was a common occurrence for great overhanging masses of rock to break away and smash the track. One of the most spectacular feats of engineering on the Yunnan Railway was the crossing of the gorge through which flows the Faux Nan-ti, a tributary of the Nan-ti River. The Faux Nan-ti is a small stream, but it runs through a canyon with walls rising almost vertically to a height of 1,200 ft.
The building of the line necessitated the bridging of this chasm, a distance of 215 ft. between the opposite cliff faces at a height of 335 ft. above the stream. To gain access to the cliff faces, tunnels were driven through the rock on both sides of the gorge. The steel bridge linking the tunnel mouths is of remarkable design and construction.
Two triangular-shaped girders or bascules were erected, one on either side of the gorge. These were finally lowered so that their outer ends met in mid air forming a huge inverted V spanning the gap. The track was built on a deck supported on short steel towers erected on the upper sides of the bascules.
The Yunnan line was completed in 1910 after some eight years of struggle against the forces of Nature, and in the face of labour troubles, coupled with financial and technical difficulties. Another line runs from Hanoi into the Yunnan province at Lungchow.
Another important line in China is the Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway, which was built by local companies and not under a loan agreement, as were many of the Chinese railways. To carry out the building of the railway, the Kiangsu Railway Company was formed in Kiangsu to construct the line as far as the Chekiang border. For the building of the line from this boundary to Hangchow and thence to Ningpo, another company known as the Chekiang Railway was incorporated.
Construction was begun in 1906 and the line was opened for traffic to Hangchow in August 1909. By 1935 the line from Ningpo towards Hangchow had been completed as tar as Pokwan. The line had also been built out from Hangchow for a short distance in the direction of Pokwan.
Part of the scheme for the final linking of the line from Shanghai through Hangchow to Ningpo is a great steel bridge across the Tsiantong Kiang River, the contract for which has been placed with a British firm.
Some of the enormous difficulties under which railway builders accomplished their great tasks have been outlined above, but the hidden obstacles against which railway construction was faced can be appreciated only by a knowledge of the country itself.
In 1918 the Chinese Ministry of Communications began to put in hand a system of unification among the various interests in the Chinese railway world. Between the years 1917 and 1922 a careful study was made of standardization. Large numbers of 40-tons wagons, both covered and open, were constructed which could go anywhere on the Chinese lines. After the war of 1914—1918 many lines were built with Chinese funds and labour, and by the end of 1931 the original Chinese National Railways had increased in route mileage from some 3,400 to over 6,200. The establishment of the State of Manchukuo resulted in a loss of Chinese track to the extent of over 1,500 miles.
Of the principal lines now serving the country the Peking-Hankow Railway has 817 miles of track, and is equipped with over 200 locomotives and over 2,000 carriages and wagons. The Peking-Liaoning Railway has approximately 840 miles of track, with 262 locomotives and nearly 5,000 carriages and wagons. The Tientsin-Pukow Railway, with 685 miles of track, has 143 locomotives and over 2,000 carriages and wagons. The Kiao-Tsi Railway, with 280 miles of track, has rather heavy traffic, despite the shortness of its route.


text: Dior Homme has just added this ring bracelet to its end of the year collection. Created for Dior's men's line, the bracelet is constructed from a series of silver rings, which are then fastened with a simple clasp that is attached to a modest silver plate. Topping off the design is slender branding etched on the clasp.


text:
Archive - May 2006 - Story
May 3rd
Dame Alys in England, Part One
Submitted by Alys Katharine on Wed, 2006-05-03 17:42
Dame Alys Katharine, from the Middle Kingdom, was one of several lucky SCAdians who recently attended "The Extravagances of the Edwardian Table" in England, at the same church used for the main hall scenes in the Harry Potter films. The culinary achievements on display were extraordinary, and Her Excellency was kind enough to share her experiences in this two-part SCAtoday.net feature story and photo album.
Today in the Middle Ages: May 3, 1469
Submitted by Ursula on Wed, 2006-05-03 15:24
On May 3, 1469, Niccolo Machiavelli, Florentine political theorist, was born.
Rowany Festival Photos
Submitted by Gwynfor on Wed, 2006-05-03 11:17
Photos of Lochac's largest event, the Rowany Festival, which this year had over 1000 gentles in attendance, including visitors from Ealdormere, An Tir and Caid, have been posted to the Shire of Krae Glas's Gallery.
Hobbitfest: Masterpiece of Imaginative Fiction or Faux Medieval Dirge?
Submitted by Vallawulf on Wed, 2006-05-03 09:18
"On the day that we are all invited to join in a worldwide Hobbitfest, two contrasting views of The Lord of the Rings: is it a masterpiece of imaginative fiction, or a faux medieval dirge?"
May 2nd
Travel in Sardinia
Submitted by Vallawulf on Tue, 2006-05-02 20:44
Travel writer John Clarke writes about Sardinia. Along the way, visit ancient towns and medieval castles that "cling to mountain tops," the nuraghi (stone-built conical towers dating back to the 1500s), the neolithic necropolis of Bonorvo which dates back to 3500-2700 B.C. and the Spanish ruins of Burgos.
Gwyrch Castle is Yours for UK£1.5m
Submitted by Vallawulf on Tue, 2006-05-02 18:51
In the market for a genuine Welsh castle? Granted, it was built in 1819, but Gwyrch Castle, located near Abergele in north Wales, is still a crenellated, towered and turreted wonder of architecture on 40 acres of land.
"Substantial Medieval Buildings" Unearthed Near York
Submitted by Milica on Tue, 2006-05-02 15:08
Archaeologists from Humber Field Archaeology have unearthed "revealing traces of substantial medieval buildings 'which could prove to be an inn which may have welcomed pilgrims who journeyed far and wide to visit the historic town.'"
Today in the Middle Ages: May 2, 907
Submitted by Ursula on Tue, 2006-05-02 13:21
Boris I of Bulgaria died on May 2, 907.
St. Maximus Day Photos Online
Submitted by Milica on Tue, 2006-05-02 07:54
Eirik Andersen has posted photos from Ealdormere's recent St. Maximus Day event on the Two Ravens website.
May 1st
Today in the Middle Ages: May 1, 1576
Submitted by Ursula on Mon, 2006-05-01 22:23
On May 1, 1576, Stephen Báthory, former lord of Transylvania, was crowned king of Poland after his election by a majority of Polish nobles.
Ysabelle dAngiers Wins Right to Hold the Barony of the Far West for the Crown
Submitted by Milica on Mon, 2006-05-01 18:32
Baron Sir Guy reports that Her Excellency Ysabelle d'Angiers has once again won the right to reign as Baroness of the Palatine Barony of the Far West.
Folger Shakespeare Library Worth the Trip
Submitted by Milica on Mon, 2006-05-01 15:57
Julienne fille Gaspard of the Kingdom of Atlantia discusses a recent visit to the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington D.C.
Independent Filmmaker Numbers SCA Film Among Projects
Great Falls, Montana resident David Macasaet recently attended the 10th Annual Kansas City Filmmakers' Jubilee where he screened his new short film Donuts at Night. Macaset also has a film about the SCA in the works.
Cherry Blossoms in Oertha
Submitted by Milica on Mon, 2006-05-01 08:18
Combatchris has posted photos from the recent Cherry Blossom Viewing event which took place in the Principality of Oertha.
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Gill Women's Technical Bodywarmer 1061W
Enter your destination to get a shipping estimate.
The Gill Technical Body Warmer uses a synthetic lofted insulation with a lightweight micro-ripstop shell. Ideal for active sailing use, this wind resistant garment can be worn as a layering piece in cold conditions and helps to preserve core body heat.
- Compresses down easily to help with stowage
- Wind resistant * Brushed inner collar for added comfort
- Zippered chest and internal pocket
- Zippered hand pockets
- Drawcord hem
- Machine washable
- Synthetic lofted insulation with a lightweight micro-ripstop shell
- Water resistant insulation stays warm even when wet
- Click Image to Zoom


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Tate vs. Kedzie: Miesha Tate's Victory Sets Up Rematch with Ronda RouseyAugust 19, 2012
Miesha Tate's third-round armbar submission of Julie Kedzie has made her the first in line for a shot at Ronda "Rowdy" Rousey.
In Tate versus Kedzie, there were a lot of question marks following the first two rounds. Kedzie came out swinging, literally, and kept Tate at bay with some effective striking. Ultimately, she could not stay off the mat and was eventually submitted well into the third round.
Rousey destroyed Sarah Kaufman with an armbar of her own, just 54 seconds into the first-round. There was never any doubt as to who the champion and who the challenger was in San Diego.
So why does Tate, who suffered a similar fate to Rousey back in March via armbar submission, deserve another shot to reclaim her title?
Tate weighed in on her suitability for a title shot and rematch with Rousey after her performance Saturday night (via MMAWeekly.com):
At this point, I don't feel that my performance, I mean everyone is saying it was 'Fight of the Night' and everything and that's great and I'm really happy it was an entertaining bout, but I personally am not happy with my performance. I definitely don't think it was a contention worthy performance, Tate said.
While Tate may not agree she deserves a rematch yet, there are few other options for StrikeForce to turn to in the bantamweight division. They could conceivably convince someone like Gina Carano or Cristiane "Cyborg" Santos to drop weight to fight Rousey, but it's more likely Tate will be the next in line to try to stop Rousey's dominant run.
What a rematch it will be, too.
Tate, who gave Rousey the longest fight of her career, has seemingly improved her already impressive grappling ground game—as displayed in her bout against Kedzie Saturday night. Will it be enough to stop the Olympic bronze judo skills of Rousey in the cage?
That is the big question of the moment.
The Rousey train looks unstoppable at the moment and it will take the best fight of her, or anyone's career, and perhaps a little luck for Tate to avenge her loss and regain the bantamweight title.
I am a Trends and Traffic sports writer for Bleacher Report. I also cover the Cleveland Browns and the NFL exclusively for the site. Follow me on Twitter @BigHoagowski if you want breaking sports updates or want to talk sports.


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We are real people and although we do not offer technical advice we do answer all enquires dailyso if you have any questions, please use our customer service form
This comprehensive workshop manual is the exact same manual issued by Massey Ferguson to their dealers and technicians.
Suitable for the home workshop mechanic or professional technician this manual will help you restore and maintain your Massey Ferguson Tractor. Very easy step by step instructions with lots of diagrams and photos.
Suitable for the following Massey Ferguson TE 20 Series:
Below is a comprehensive summary of information in this workshop manual:
Petrol Engine (TE-A20, TE-C20)
Lubrication SystemOil DistributionOil PumpOil Filter (Verticle Type X & Incline Type Y)Cylinder Head OverhaulEngine Removal and ReplacementSleeves, Pistons and Connecting Rods
Diesel Engine (TE-F20)
Lubrication SystemOil DistributionOil PumpOil FilterCylinder Head OverhaulCamshaft and Timing MechanismEngine Removal and ReplacementCylinder Inserts, Pistons, Connecting Rods and LinersCrankshaft and Main Bearing Housing
Cooling System
DescriptionWater CirculationFault FindingThermostat Identification
Cooling System TE-20 & TE-A20
ThermostatFan Belt Removal and ReplacementThermostat Removal and ReplacementWater Pump and Distribution Tube Removal and ReplacementBearing and Impeller AssemblyPrecautions against Freezing
Cooling System V.O Engine TE-D20
General DataFan Belt Removal and ReplacementThermostat Removal and ReplacementWater Pump Removal and ReplacementRadiator Removal and Replacement
Cooling System Lamp Oil Engine TE-H20
Cooling System Diesel Engine TE-F20
Fuel System
Fuel System TE-20 and TE-A20
Petrol Tank RemovalPetrol Valve and Sediment Bowl AssemblyAir CleanerAir Bleed to Induction Manifold - Engine VentilationAir Breather Valve AssemblyInduction and Exhaust ManifoldsScyebler "Marvel" CArburetter (TE-20)Zenith Carburetter 24T-2 (TE-A20)Holley Carburetter 859-A (TE-A20)Fuel System Fault Table
Fuel System TE-D20 Vaporising Oil and TE-H20 Lamp Oil
General DescriptionFuel Tank Valve and Sediment Bowl AssemblyCarburetter IdentifcationCarburetter Model 28GFuel System Fault Table
Fuel System Diesel Engine TE-F20
Fuel CircuitAir CircuitAir Breather CircuitCold Starting EquipmentInjection Pump DriveC.A.V. Fuel Injection PumpFuel Filters (Vokes and Purolator)Fuel Feed PumpInjectorsDiesel Fuel System Fault TableGovernorFunction of Governor ControlSurge PreventionEngine Speed SettingDismantle and ReassemblyGovernor AdjustmentGovernor Control and Throttle Linkage (TE-F20)
Electrical System
6 Volt System
Wiring DiagramSpecifications and Test DataBatteryDynamoStarter MotorFlywheel Starter Ring Gear (TE-20 and TE-A20)DistributorIgnition Timing (TE-20 and TE-A20)Control BoxCondensorIgnition CoilSpark PlugsSwitches and WiringIgnition Warning Light
12 Volt System
Specifications and DataBatteriesDynamoStarter MotorStarter Motor DriveStarter Motor Switch (TE-F20)DistributorControl BoxWiring DiagramLightingWiring DiagramFitting of Lighting Kit
Carburetter Engine Models - Remove, Disassemble, Assemble and RefitDiesel Engine Models - Remove, Disassemble, Assemble and RefitDriven Palte - RefacePedal AdjsutmentPilot BearingRelease Levers AdjustmentRelease Bearing - Remove and Replace
Rear Axle Housing - RemoveTransmission Assembly - Dismantle and RebuildCounter Shfat Assembly Dismantle and RebuildBearings and Gears - Remove and ReplaceReverse Shaft Assembly - ReplaceMain Shaft Assembly - ReplaceShifter Rails and Selectors - ReplaceGear Shift Lever Assembly - Disassemble and RebuildTransmission Fault Table
Rear Axle and Hubs
Rear Axle AssemblyAxle Shaft Assembly - ReplaceDifferential Assembly - Remove, Dismantle, Rebuild and Refit
Hydraulic System and Linkage
ChainsControl Lever AdjustmentControl MechanismControl Spring AssemblyControl ValveFork MechanismFriction Disc AdjustmentHydraulic Cylinder AssemblyHydraulic PumpHydraulic Tapping PointsLevelling Lever AssemblyLift AssemblyLinkageOil ChambersPower Take Off Shaft SupportQuadrant AssemblyRack - Upper LinkSafety DeviceSafety ValveValve Chambers - Hydraulic Pump
Power Take Off Shaft
General DescriptionRemove PTO ShaftRepalce PTO ShaftPTO Shaft Rear Bearing AssemblyPTO Shaft CouplingPTO Shaft Front Bearing Assembly
DescriptionUpper AssemblySteering Wheel RemovalSteering Shaft RemovalSteering Housing AssemblyFront Axle AssemblyAdjustmentsCentre TurnnionFront Axle Assembly - Remove
Front Hubs
Lubrication - Front HubsPivot PinRadius RodsSpindle AssemblySpindle BushesSteering Drag Links
General Description - Kidney Cam Type and Floating Cam TypeAdjustment - Both TypesMaintenanceServicingBrake Lining - ReplacementBrake Reconditioning - Kidney Cam TypeBrake Reconditioning - Floating Cam TypeBrake Fault Table
Wheels and Tyres
Rear WheelsFront WheelsTyre ReplacementTrack Width AdjustmentSteel WheelsWheel Girdles
Seat, Hood and FendersDrivers SeatHoodHood CatchFenders
Narrow Width Tractors (TE-C20, TE-20, TE-J20)
General DescriptionFront Axle AssemblyRear Axle AssemblyHydraulic Linkage AssemblyStabiliser Assembly
Industrial Tractor (TE-P20, TE-R20, TE-S20, TE-T20)
SpecificationsDual Brake AssemblyHydraulic BrakesMaster CylinderMechanical Brake AssemblyFront Bumper and Radiator Grille GuardFenders Front and RearLighting SystemLighting Equpiment MaintenanceLighting Wiring Diagram
Download Instructions - Please Read
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All our repair manuals are in PDF format. Some of the larger files are zipped (.ZIP). For .ZIP files you will require an unzip program (like Win Zip). If you don't have a zip program on your computer, you can download a free version of Win Zip here. If you do not have a PDF reader on your computer you can download Adobe PDF reader free from this link Adobe PDF Reader
PLEASE save the repair manual to your hard drive, memory stick or cd.
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Having problems with your Sony Cybershot DSCW350 Digital Camera ?
I need to know how to set time and date for pictures. then to be able to take the time and date off for next set of pictures.
Answers :
You need to install the bundled software(Sony PMB) to be able to save the images with date. Once installed use the Easy export(PC Sync) and then choose import images-> then put a tick in the check box "import images with time and date". That should do the trick.
Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for Sony Cybershot DSCW350 Digital Camera
Tips for a great answer:- Provide details, support with references or personal experience .
- If you need clarification, ask it in the comment box .
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Suggested Questions/Answers :
I need to know how to set time and date for pictures. then to be able to take the time and date off for next set of pictures.
You need to install the bundled software(Sony PMB) to be able to save the images with date. Once installed use the Easy export(PC Sync) and then choose import images-> then put a tick in the check box "import images with time and date". That shoul ... Sony Cybershot DSCW350 Digital Camera
I have just bought the Kodak M381 camera and when I set the date and time and click ok, the time is set but does not display on the LCD screen at any point, so when I review my pictures there is no way of knowing when I took them. You can date the pictures retrospectively but that takes time and will be incredibly tedious and you soon forget. In the manual it says to select the date time stamp but I am unable to find it in my set up menu and I'm beginning to think this camera does not have this
I had the same problem. I think the camera does not have this feature, to bad it was a nice camera ... Digital Cameras
Every time I switch on my Canon SD 1100 IS is asks me to set date and time. I set date and time and then it lets me take pictures. Next time I switch it on again it asks to set date and time. How could I get rid of this.
The camera's clock battery has worn out. Unfortunately, on most Canon SD series, this battery is not user serviceable. Recommend contacting Canon to see if they'll replace it, hopefully at a reasonable cost. 1-800-OK-CANON ... Canon PowerShot SD1000 Digital Camera
The date and time will not stay set. I set the date time . take pictures and when I shut the camera off. the next time I turn it on the date and time is zeros again...
The world of compact digital cameras is fast and furious blink and you'll miss the new model. These pocket point and shooters are cram packed full of features that most people neglect to utilize. So it's uncommon for the problem you describe to occur ... Canon PowerShot A710 IS Digital Camera
Relatively new canon eos 60d. Was taking multiple pictures in a group setting. Received an error that the lens and the camera were not connected well (I receive this from time to time, need to buy a newer lens). Usually, I just turn the camera off and then back on and it works fine. This time, the view through the viewfinder is very dark and it will take no pictures of any kind. Tried everything I know- no luck.
Hi,\015\012What lens exactly are you currently using? Have you tried cleaning the contacts on the lens as well as resetting the camera? ... Canon EOS 60D Digital Camera
AF problem Last week I took some pics that needed the flash turned off. I did that and took the pics with no problem. I turned the flash setting back to "auto" afterwards. (this may not be related to the current problem but does seem too much of a coincidence). Next time I went to use the camera, I got an AF(red dot) and a red hand on the screen. It would take one picture and then would be frozen (no zoom, no picture taking, but the screen would stay on). If I turn it back on I can then ta
Jangles,\015\012\015\012I am having the exact same problem. Have you found a fix ? ... Nikon Coolpix 5600 Digital Camera
Hi can you please tell me something in relation to my camera. I have a Panasonic DMC LX2 digital camera and I would like to know how to set the date to be used whilst I'm taking photo's, so when I go to print my photo's the date is on them? Thankyou Kane correcting date, time and etc I entered it wrong and need to change it.
The clock-setting instructions are on page 20 of the manual.The date and time (and a lot more) are stored with every picture in its EXIF ... Kodak Easyshare M753 Digital Camera
I have a Fujifilm Finepix S5200. Need to know if there's an option to set a 2 second timer PERMANENTLY, and not have to set the 2 second timer every time i take one picture. Thanks -Leo
... Fuji FinePix S5200 / S5600 Digital Camera
Date/Time Set I dropped the camera and now, when I turn it on, the date and time have reset to zero and I have to set it all again before I can take a picture. Is it in need of repair or is there something I can do?
I'm an imagining salesman at Circuit City and to tell you the truth I suggest just getting a new camera if you can afford it. This camera is well off in years. Most digital cameras aren't really meant to last too long. Don't get me wrong, they are ab ... Canon PowerShot A410 Digital Camera
My canon powershot camera goes to set the date and time every time I turn it on. I set the date and time, take a few pictures, turn off the camera, turn it back on again and it ask for the date and time to be set again. This problem developed after a year and a half of no problems. Is there some way to set the clock where it will continue after it is turned off?
\012\012try these:-\012\012\012connect it to pc and on it\012vaccum the barrel of lens\012changing mem. card and batt. for 2min.\012 ... Canon PowerShot SX10 IS Digital Camera
My Canon EOS Rebel XS digital camera has suddenly stopped taking pictures. It will not focus even though it is on the auto focus setting. The first set of numbers are flashing and there is a flashing dot behind the ISO 800. It was working fine when I used it one time and then the next time it wouldn't. I can view pictures, but cannot take them on any setting except A-DEP and it's not focused even then. Please Help!
Try cleaning the contacts on the camera body and the lens where they meet with a cotton swab lightly dampened with rubbing alcohol. ... Canon EOS Digital Rebel XS / 1000D IS Digital Camera
I need to make sure date and time shows up on each picture i take and upload to the computer, is there a setting on the camera or do I do that when I upload them?
The date and time (and a lot more) are stored with every picture in its EXIF metadata. Any photo viewing/editing program should be able to display this data. To print this data, please consult the documentation for whatever program you're using to pr ... Canon PowerShot SD1100 IS Digital Camera
Need to stamp date and time on pictures that I take how can I set it on myDMC-ZS1
On the ZS3, it's explained on pgs.90,96,and 105 in the manual. If you don't have your manual, you can download and view these pages from the support section of the Panasonic website....the procedure should be the same for your camera. ... Panasonic Lumix DMC-ZS3 Digital Camera
I received a Sanyo VPC-S880 digital camera for mothers day of 2008. It has a memory card, but I don't know how much. When I insert the batteries (size AA) *Panasonic alkaline* the batteries wear down before I can set the camera parameters and try to take a few pictures. I have had this problem since the camera was purchased. I would greatly appreciate any suggestions or solutions you could give me. I thank you in advance for your timely response. If I need to give you more information, I will do
The best batteries to buy for this camera is Energizer.... No matter what batteries you use, they are going to go fast, but I noticed these last the longest. ... Sanyo Digital Cameras
Kodak easyshare z712IS. sounds like a typical problem but...I try to turn it on, lens only comes out a little bit, then it turns off. I replace the batteries and the set time and date comes on...I set time and date camera turns off. I CAN in fact view pictures in the gallery but as far as taking pictures....nothing.
Fixing a Lens Error on a Digital Camera\012\012This has to be THE most common failure mode for a digi ... Kodak EasyShare Z712 Digital Camera
My Nikon D60 keeps freezing up. Sometimes when I go to take the picture it works fine and other times, it won't take the picture but if I hold down the button it will eventually take after a few seconds. I've more than likely switched a setting but I don't know which one and how to set it back to the default settings.
Are you pressing the shutter button half-way and allowing the focus to lock before pressing the rest of the way? ... Nikon D60 Digital Camera
Sd600 My sd600 camera is working good but let me know how set the date & time for picture display i m able to at display mode only but i have download pictures sd600 to my pc but that time i can't able to see date & time on the picture display.
Press the function button and change the picture size to postcard-there is only one setting that allows you to do date and time stamp-once you have rigth pic size setting-pretty sure it says postcard-go back to menu and you will see date and time hig ... Canon PowerShot SD600 Digital Camera
Automatic shoot? I need to know how to get my camera to "take pictures" on its own for a posed family photo. I know I should be able to set it up so that there are a few seconds before the picture takes, (so that I can get into the picture,) but I do not have my owner's manual and cant figure it out.
Look at 4-buttons control near LCD. One has Clock sign. It calls Timer. Press it and your camera will take picture after few seconds pause. ... Sony Cyber-shot DSC-S600 Digital Camera
Sometimes when I am ready to take a picture I point, focus and shoot and at the bottom of the screen in red it will say 1/15 and next to it F 50 or other times it will say F38 and picture comes out blurry. Do I have it set on the wrong scene for the type of picture I'm taking at the time? Please help.
Yes you have the incorrect setting the 1/15 in red is showing you the shutter speed and if you are hand holding this and composing/shooting using the LCD screen there is no way on this earth you are going to have a sharp image. The F50 (I think this ... Nikon COOLPIX L10 Digital Camera
Continuous shooting I'm new to this so bare with me. I just got my Nikon D60 and I want to shoot pictures in continuous mode. I set it on manual, go into the menu and change it to continuous. I rotate the dial so it changes the shutter speed but when I take pictures it's just a black screen. As a matter of fact any time I try to take a picture in M it's just black. I'm hoping that there is just a setting I need to change and there's not something wrong with my camera. Thanks.
Hey man. Im not sure how new you are but basically i think your problem is you need to decrease the shutter speed to around 1/200-1/250 of a second and increase the apeture to around f10/12 and see if that works. If your operating at a high shutter s ... Nikon D60 Digital Camera with 18-55mm lens
I have an Olympus FE280 8mp camera. I need to know if there is a way that I can set the camer to a picture timer. For example: I want to take a picture of my self in full view but I need to set the camera down, get in position, then have the camera go off. Can I do this?
Just click the down button and select "Self timer on" ... Olympus Digital Cameras
I'm having a couple problems with my Nikon D90 and for the life of me that manual is too confusing, The first problem I'm having is.... I'm taking pictures at my sons wrestling events and I can't get it to take clear pictures. If i put it on sports it's one of the worst with blurriness. I don't know a good setting for this? The next problem I'm having at the same events is red eye and or white eye. I know how to change the red eye option however it doesn't stop it from happening and even if I
I imagine your son's wrestling events are held in school gyms with lighting that is less than ideal. If you are taking pictures without a flash then the blurriness you describe could well be due to a slow shutter speed. Your camera is using a slowe ... Nikon D90 Digital Camera with 18-105mm lens
No image on lcd,if you snap a picture,the picture will be black,camera has set up for a while.it will power up and show functions and set up info on lcd you can set time and date,but no image,flash works,but takes no picture,any ideas?
It is known problem of ccd imager chip failure in Canon A85 camera, Canon offers free of cost ccd imager chip replacement.Click ... Canon PowerShot A85 Digital Camera
Every time I want to take a picture, I have to set the date or it goes back to 01-01-80. I replaced the (date) battery with CR1220 as instructed and put in the correct date. When I shut it off and turn it back on I have to set the date. HELP!
Ah-h-h, January 1, 1980....I remember that day. Whoops, I started to slip away!. Try pressing menu/set twice after you set the date and see if it sticks around this time. ... Canon PowerShot A400 Digital Camera
Can i set the resizing image to 640 x480 and all pictures taken will come out at that size or do I have to go in and manually change each one .... on page 142 it discribes doing this to each picture that would take a long time we need to take a lot of pictures and be able to compress and put them in a zip file to email .. do you have any advice on both these subjects
First select the shooting mode you are going to use on the dial to Auto.Press the Func/set button. Use the ring around the Func/set button to scroll down to the bottom line, then scroll across to select "S" (for small). This is the 640*48 ... Canon Powershot SX110 IS Digital Camera 9.0MP


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Frederick Peiper
I am researching the above named and I wish to find his place and date of birth. His NZ marriage certificate states only that he was born in Germany.
Surnames: NONE
Viewed: 652 times
by Gerrygee40 Profile | Research | Contact | Subscribe | Block this user
on 2011-12-29 20:23:30
on 2011-12-29 20:23:30
Gerrygee40 has been a Family Tree Circles member since Dec 2011.


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I've done a lot of searching for an explanation to this. I have a new computer with windows 8 pre-installed. this was my procedure;
partition hard drive from windows 8 to make room for ubuntu
burn ubuntu 12.04.2 64bit (this should have uefi support) to CD
disable secure boot
boot from cd in uefi mode
now i get the normal installation interface however then i get the option to either erase hard disk and install ubuntu or manuallly partition the drive, but no option to install ubuntu alongside windows 8 as win8 has not been detected. Would it be alright to just manually partition the drive despite the current OS not being detected, or would there be problems later? is this something to do with the efi system partition? Maybe i should try ubuntu 12.10?
I'm a noob btw!
Any help/guidance would be really helpful!


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The Juneau Douglas Ice Association youth hockey program broke new ground this weekend in Anchorage.
The JDIA Pee Wee Tier III team, comprised of 11- and 12-year-olds, reached the quarterfinal round of the Alaska State Pee Wee Tier III tournament on Sunday. This was the first time Juneau ever competed in Tier III, which is a major step up in competition from Tier IV.
After finishing 3-0 to win the American Conference and seal a top seed, Juneau fell to the Anchorage Mighty Moose 6-2 in Sunday's quarterfinal.
"It's awesome," said Juneau coach Lance Miller. "We really didn't know how we'd do. We hoped to be competitive and we really were. Winning the division we were in was awesome, so we went into the quarterfinal round at 3-0 and played a good game but we got beat."
Sound off on the important issues at
The Moose scored four straight goals before William Holbrook got Juneau on the board with a power-play goal 3:49 into the third period. Holbrook scored about 10 minutes later off a Jackson Lehnhart assist, but Anchorage held on to advance.
Goaltender Lenka Craigova' stopped 15 of 21 shots, while Juneau recorded 27 shots on goal.
To reach this far in a Tier III tournament signifies a big leap for Juneau hockey.
Youth hockey is divided into four tiers. Tier I and Tier II are reserved for competitive travel teams. Tier III and IV are known as house leagues, but Tier III teams travel to tournaments and feature strong competition.
"It's pretty competitive," Miller said. "Tier III is called pretty much a select Tier III, so all teams here have tryouts to make the team, they travel to other tournaments, they practice together at least three times a week as a team."
Unlike Anchorage and Fairbanks teams, however, Juneau's squad of 10 skaters and one goalie was assembled relatively late.
Despite the odds, Juneau showed it belonged.
The team outscored opponents 16-10 in preliminary play to win all three of its games.
Juneau beat the B&G Seawolves of Anchorage 5-4 Friday as Lehnhart scored his third goal and broke a 4-4 tie with 13 seconds left in regulation. Later that day, Juneau routed the Homer Glacier Kings 6-1
On Saturday, Juneau completed its perfect preliminary round by defeating the Delta Huskies 5-2. The game was a rematch of last year's Tier IV state title game won by Delta.
"The team did well," Miller said. "It's just learning about tournament play and playing different teams and different styles of play."
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Now that's a big one - the handset with one of the longest spec sheets we've ever seen has just dropped on us like a bomb. The Omnia HD is Samsung's go at touch-taming the Symbian S60 and is introducing truly revolutionary stuff.
A 3.7" OLED capacitive touchscreen, an 8 megapixel camera that should be able to humble even some digicams and of course the HD video recording - does it really get any sweeter? Geeks have been warned - continue reading this preview at your own risk. We are not to be held responsible for sleep disorders or compulsive spending.
Samsung i8910 Omnia HD official photos
Samsung i8910 Omnia HD is surely one of the most interesting packages to look out for at this year's Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. With a specs sheet like that it's hardly a surprise but we cannot quite get Samsung's choice of name. There was nothing wrong with the original Omnia but reusing a name is not exactly suggestive of revolutionary. Oh, and don't get us started on the superscript. It may look cool and all, but just go ahead and google OmniaHD.
With the following preview we did our best to provide you with as much information as possible for the very short time we spent with the handset. Since our unit is at the very early stages of development we would focus mainly on the hardware and ergonomics as the software is well in need of getting polished. By the way, we've already reviewed the Symbian S60 5th edition touch user interface with Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, so you should already know the basics.
For starters here is a bunch of photos of the i8910 - while certainly not as sleek as the Samsung S8300 UltraTOUCH, the handset spells multimedia and that is enough of an attraction to a lot of people.
So let's waste no more time, the hardware part of the Samsung i8910 Omnia HD preview awaits on the next page.