text:
Exchange Commission 329 U.S. 90 (1946) ]
[329 U.S. 90, 94] Mr. Arthur A. Ballantine, of New York City, for American Power & Light co. [329 U.S. 90, 95] Mr. Daniel James, of New York City, for Electric Power & Light corporation.
Mr. Roger S. Foster, of Philadelphia, Pa., for respondent.
Mr. Justice MURPHY delivered the opinion of the Court.
We are concerned here with the constitutionality of 11(b)(2) of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 19351 and its application to the petitioners, the American Power & Light Company and the Electric Power & Light Corporation.
American and Electric are two of the subholding companies in the Electric Bond and Share Company holding company system, certain aspects of which were considered by this Court in Electric Bond & Share Co. v. S.E.C., 303 U.S. 419 , 58 S.Ct. 678, 115 A.L.R. 105. This system is a pyramid-like structure of which Bond and Share itself constitutes the apex, five subholding companies (including American and Electric) create an intermediate tier,2 and approximately 237 direct [329 U.S. 90, 96] and indirect subsidiaries of the latter form the base. From the standpoint of book capitalization and assets, number of customers and areas served by the operating companies, and quantity of electricity generated and gas sold, the Bond nd Share system constitutes the largest single public utility holding company system registered under the Act.
The proceeding now under review was instituted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under 11(b)(2) of the Act. After appropriate notice and hearing, the Commission found that the corporate structure and continued existence of American and Electric unduly and unnecessarily complicated the Bond and Share system and unfairly and inequitably distributed voting power among the security holders of that system, in violation of the standards of 11(b)(2). 11 S.E.C. 1146. Orders were accordingly entered requiring the dissolution of both American and Electric and requiring them to submit plans for the effectuation of these orders. The First Circuit Court of Appeals sustained the Commission's action in all respects and affirmed its orders, while refusing to consider certain contentions of American and Electric which had not been raised before the Commission. 141 F.2d 606. We granted certiorari because of the obvious public importance of the issues presented. 325 U.S. 846 , 65 S.Ct. 1400
At the outset, we reject the claim that 11(b)(2), viewed from the standpoint of the commerce clause, is unconstitutional. [329 U.S. 90, 97] So far as here pertinent,3 11(b)(2) directs the Securities and Exchange Commission, as soon as practicable after January 1, 1938, 'To require by order, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that each registered holding company, and each subsidiary company thereof, shall take such steps as the Commission shall find necessary to ensure that the corporate structure or continued existence of any company in the holding- company system does not unduly or unnecessarily complicate the structure, or unfairly or inequitably distribute voting power among security holders, of such holding-company system. ... Except for the purpose of fairly and equitably distributing voting power among the security holders of such company, nothing in this paragraph shall authorize the Commission to require any change in the corporate structure or existence of any company which is not a holding company, or of any company whose principal business is that of a public utility company.'
Like 11(b)(1) its statutory companion, 11(b)(2) applies only to registered holding companies and their subsidiaries. We noted in North American Co. v. S.E.C., 327 U.S. 686 , 66 S.Ct. 785, that by making certain interstate transactions unlawful unless a holding company registers with the Commission 4(a), and by extending 11(b)(1) to registered holding companies, Congress has effectively applied 11(b)(1) to those holding companies that are [329 U.S. 90, 98] in fact in the stream of interstate activity or that affect commerce in more states than one. The identical observations can be made as to 11(b)( 2). Its impact is likewise limited by reference to the registration requirements, to those holding companies which depend for their very existence upon the constan and systematic use of the mails and the instrumentalities of interstate commerce. Effect is thereby given to the legislative policy set forth in 1(c) of interpreting all provisions of the Act to meet the problems and to eliminate the evils 'connected with public-utility holding companies which are engaged in interstate commerce or in activities which directly affect or burden interstate commerce.' 15 U.S.C.A. 79a(c).
The Bond and Share system including American and Electric, possesses an undeniable interstate character which makes it properly subject from the statutory standpoint, to the provisions of 11(b)(2). This vast system embraces utility properties in no fewer than 32 states from New Jersey to Oregon and from Minnesota to Florida, as well as in 12 foreign countries. Bond and Share dominates and controls this system from its headquarters in New York City. 4 As was the situation in the North American case, the proper control and functioning of such an exten- [329 U.S. 90, 99] sive multi-state network of corporations necessitates continuous and substantial use of the mails and the instrumentalities of interstate commerce. Only in that way can Bond and Share, or its subholding companies or service subsidiary, market and distribute securities, control and influence the various operating companies, negotiate inter-system loans, acquire or exchange property, perform service contracts, or reap the benefits of stock ownership. See 1(a). See also International Textbook Co. v. Pigg, 217 U.S. 91 , 30 S.Ct. 481, 27 L.R.A.,N.S., 493, 18 Ann.Cas. 1103. Moreover, many of the operating companies on the lower echelon sell and transmit electric energy or gas in interstate commerce to an extent that cannot be described as spasmodic or insignificant. Electric Bond & Share Co. v. S.E.C., supra, 303 U.S. 432, 433 , 58 S.Ct. 681, 682, 115 A.L.R. 105.5 Such activities serve to augment the interstate nature of the Bond and Share system. And they make even plainer the fact that this system falls within the intended scope of 11(b)(2).
Congress, of course, has undoubted power under the commerce clause to impose relevant conditions and requirements on those who use the channels of interstate commerce so that those channels will not be conduits for promoting or perpetuating economic evils. North American Co. v. S.E.C., supra; United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100, 657 , 61 S.Ct. 451, 132 A.L.R. 1430; Brooks v. United States, 267 U.S. 432 , 45 S.Ct. 345, 37 A.L.R. 1407. Thus to the extent that corporate business transacted through such channels, affecting commerce in more states than one, Congress may act directly with respect to that business to protect what it conceives to be the national welfare. It [329 U.S. 90, 100] may prescribe appropriate regulations and determine the conditions under which that business may be pursued. 6 It may compel changes in the voting rights and other privileges of stockholders. 7 It may order the divestment or rearrangement of properties. 8 It may order the reorganization or dissolution of corporations. 9 In short, Congress is completely uninhibited by the commerce clause in selecting the means considered necessary for bringing about the desired conditions in the channels of interstate commerce. Any limitations are to be found in other sections of the Constitution. Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, 196.
Since the mandates of 11(b)(2) are directed solely to public utility holding company systems that use the channels of interstate commerce, the validity of that section under the commerce clause becomes apparent. It is designed to prevent the use of those channels to propagate and disseminate the evils which had been found to flow from unduly complicated systems and from inequitable distributions of voting power among security holders of the systems. Such evils are so inextricably entwined around the interstate business of the holding company systems as to present no serious question as to the power of Congress under the commerce clause to eradicate them.
In the extensive studies which preceded the passage of the Public Utility Holding Company Act, 15 U.S.C.A. 79 et seq., it had been [329 U.S. 90, 101] found that 'The most distinctive characteristic, and perhaps the most serious defect of the present holding-company organization is the pyramided structure which is found in all of the important holding-company groups examined.' 10 The pyramiding device in its most common form consisted of interposing one or more subholding companies between the holding company and the operating companies and issuing, at each level of the structure, different classes of stock with unequal voting rights. Most of the financing of the various companies in the structure occurred through the sale to the public of bonds and preferred stock having low fixed returns and generally carrying no voice in the managements. Under such circumstances, a relatively small but strategic investment in common stock (with voting privileges) in the higher levels of a pyramided structure often resulted in absolute control of underlying operating companies with assets of hundreds of millions of dollars. 11 A tremendous 'leverage' in rela- [329 U.S. 90, 102] tion to that stock was thus produced; the earnings of the top holding company were greatly magnified by comparatively small changes in the earnings of the operating companies. The common stock of the top holding company might quickly rise in value and just as quickly fall, making it a natural object for specul tion and gambling. In many instances this created financially irresponsible managements and unsound capital structures. 12 Public investors in such stock found themselves the innocent victims, while those who supplied most of the capital through the purchase of bonds and preferred stock likewise suffered in addition to being largely disfranchised. Prudent management of the operating companies became a minor consideration, with pressure being placed on them to sustain the excessive capitalization to the detriment of their service to consumers. Reduction of rates was firmly resisted. The conclusion was accordingly reached by those making the studies that the highly pyramided system 'is dangerous and has no justification for existence'13 [329 U.S. 90, 103] and 'represents the holding-company system at its worst.'


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Tuesday, March 11, 2014
Mundy signs two-year deal with Bears
Ryan Mundy, who was most recently with the New York Giants, has signed a two-year deal with the Chicago Bears.
The deal was the second one of the afternoon for the Bears, who need significant help in the secondary.
Mundy filled in for the Giants last season, making 77 tackles, one sack and an interception.
According to the Chicago Tribune, the deal is in place with expectations of Mundy battling for the starting job after Major Wright and two other safeties left for free agency.
Along with Mundy, Chris Conte is the other safety on the roster. The Bears are also expected to explore safety options in the draft.
Mundy also received interest from the Giants as well as San Francisco.
Details of the deal have not yet been announced.
Posted by Matthew Welch at 6:15 PM 0 comments
Friday, March 7, 2014
New York Jets: QB Geno Smith would improve with addition of Michael Vick
Gang Green might be the new favorite shade of green for free agent Michael Vick after spending the past four seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles.
The New York Jets are being rumored to be interested in signing the former No. 1 overall pick from the 2001 NFL Draft this offseason to help bolster the quarterback position this season.
Vick, who was replaced by Nick Foles midway through the 2013 season, could still bring a lot of positives to the Jets even with the prime of his career behind him and turning 34 years old this June.
The biggest of those positives would be to help in the development of second-year quarterback Geno Smith, which had considerable ups and downs in his first season in the NFL.
In 2013, Smith completed 247 of his 443 pass attempts, along with tossing only 12 touchdown passes and 21 interceptions in 16 games played for the Jets. Not to add insult to injury, the 21 interceptions was the most by a rookie quarterback since Peyton Manning tossed 28 in his first season in Indianapolis during the 1998 season.
Smith's numbers at the end of his first season should have come to no surprise for a rookie to be roughed up by the caliber of today's NFL defenses following the jump from West Virginia and the Big 12 Conference.
Even with that rough freshman season in 2013, the Jets' focus should stick to supporting Smith as the team's starting quarterback, instead of bringing in Vick to take the signal caller job in 2014.
At the same time, Smith would be motivated to improve and keep his spot on the team with the 11-year veteran nipping at his heels during training camp and the preseason.
Smith didn't have that type of pressure on him from a backup last season, so he could be pushed to avoid another late season slump and push the Jets into the playoffs for the first time in three seasons.
Vick could also help speed up Smith's understanding of the play calling with offensive coordinator Marty Mornhinweg this season, which held the same position during Vick's time with the Eagles during the 2009-2012 seasons.
The Jets' offense, which was poor in every category outside of the running game with Chris Ivory, would be helped greatly if the organization selected a wide receiver with the 18th pick in this year's NFL Draft.
Texas A&M's Mike Evans could give Smith a big target to look for sprinting down the sideline, which could drastically improve the Jets' passing game that ranked 30th last season.
If the case of an injury happens in the preseason or early in the regular season, Smith would still have a backup that could step in as starting quarterback in an offense that he should grasp with Mornhinweg.
With potential still yet to be uncovered in Smith, the Jets needs to add the consistency and leadership of Vick to the franchise's quarterback position instead of another quarterback controversy along sidelines of MetLife Stadium.
You can follow Chris at @_CBH_ and WVUPros at @WVUPros on Twitter.
Posted by Chris Humphrey at 1:00 PM 0 comments
Monday, March 3, 2014
Coal Burning Stove: Jones, Ebanks should be in NBA
When Kevin Jones and Devin Ebanks left WVU, they were two of the most well-known faces to ever don the ole blue and gold. Now, both players are streaking through the NBA Development League. But they should be in the NBA.
You have Ebanks, who sits at fourth in the NBA D League in scoring, averaging 23.9 points per game. The 6-foot-9 forward surely could've been used on his old team, the Los Angles Lakers, this season. But when Ebanks was traded to the Springfield Armor, you have to wonder if the team's affiliate, the Brooklyn Nets, are looking closely at him.
The Nets sit with a 28-29 record and, fortunately, still have a shot at making a run at the Eastern Conference playoffs. With center Brook Lopez out with an injury, the Nets signed Jason Collins to a 10-day contract on February 23. Just a few days prior, the Armor acquired Ebanks.
While the starting rotation seems to be set for the Nets, they could benefit greatly from Ebanks' length and ability to get to the rim. While he will generally play the small forward position, it wouldn't be a bad idea to bring in someone to give Paul Pierce a few breathers.
The next best SF listed on the Nets roster is Alan Anderson, who averages 24.1 minutes per game, slightly less than Pierce's 28.8. Anderson only averages 7.9 points and 2.2 rebounds per game. From there, the Nets have Andre Kirilenko who gets 19.2 minutes per game and just 5.8 points and 3.7 rebounds per game.
If Collins' contract runs out and the Nets decided to go in another direction, why not Ebanks?
In his last game out, ironically against Jones' Canton Charge, Ebanks scored 31 points, including 12 in the fourth quarter, and pulled down nine rebounds. He shot 12-of-20 from the field and hit 5-of-6 from 3-point range and 2-of-2 from the free throw line.
In the same game, Jones led the Charge with 24 points and 17 rebounds.
Jones, too, could provide a spark for an Eastern Conference team looking to make a run towards the playoffs. Though the Cleveland Cavaliers sit at just 24-37, they're listed as the first team left out of the playoffs in the East.
For the season, Jones averages 16.7 points and 7.8 rebounds per contest.
The Cavs have some pieces in place but could be missing one important factor: depth.
Kyrie Irving is undoubtedly one of the best in the league at what he does. From there, Luol Deng and Dion Waiters can provide secondary scoring, both averaging over 14 points per game. In the post, you have Spencer Hawes, Tristan Thompson and Anderson Verejao. Thompson averages 12.3 points and 9.7 rebounds per game. Those are solid numbers for a power forward. Verejao and Hawes both play the center position and generally play it pretty well.
But who else is after Verejao or Hawes in terms of depth? The only other power forward listed is Arinze Onuaku, who averages 6.5 minutes and 0.8 points per game.
Why not replace him with Jones, who spent time with the team on occasion last season?
The truth of the matter is, you only keep players in your D League system for one reason. Both the Nets and the Cavs will be looking to give themselves the best chance to make some noise in the playoffs.
What better way to make some noise than with players who spent their college years being welcomed to the court with a musket blast?
Posted by Matthew Welch at 8:00 AM 0 comments
Tuesday, February 25, 2014
Jock Sanders signs with the Calgary Stampeders
On Tuesday, he made his decision by signing with the Calgary Stampeders.
Posted by Caleb Wygal at 7:36 PM 0 comments
Will Clarke's NFL Combine Results
Posted by Caleb Wygal at 11:40 AM 0 comments
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subset: commoncrawl


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Swiss and Italian researchers have recently investigated sun creams to understand the extent of environmental damage caused when they enter water.
UV filters are transferred directly from the body to the environment and, according to recent studies, the concentration in water does not reach worrying levels. In the sea, it is approximately 100 ng/l. The problem in reality is that sunscreen residues accumulate in marine organisms and, once absorbed into fish tissues, could be returned to our bodies when we eat them.
Furthermore, the chemical filter concentrations contained in sunscreen must not exceed 10 per cent according to the EU Directive on cosmetics.


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What's Next? Koster talks 'the revolution,' future of games
August 27, 2013 | By
Patrick Miller
August 27, 2013 | By
Patrick Miller
16 comments
GDC Next
[Ahead of November's
GDC Next
, GDC's Director of Online Community Patrick Miller reached out to many games industry luminaries to see where they think the future of video games is headed. This interview is the first installment of a multi-part series that will run up until shortly before the 'future of games' conference, which
takes place in Los Angeles, CA
from November 5-7, co-located with the
App Developers Conference
Raph Koster needs little introduction. His pioneering work on massively multiplayer online role-playing games as lead designer on
Ultima Online
Star Wars Galaxies
, among others, and his writing on game design (see his seminal book
A Theory of Fun
), and his work as an advisory board member for GDC Online and now GDC Next all made him one of the first people I wanted to talk to about the future of video games -- both the industry, and the artistic medium.
Much of your body of work has been centered around building early massively multiplayer online spaces. How do you see the future of the MMO playing out? Do you think that relatively centralized MMOs in the
EverQuest/World of Warcraft
tradition still have a major place in the mainstream games industry? (Personally, I'd characterize the current period of online games as almost "Post-MMO", insofar as we're past the days where Every Publisher Wanted Their Own WoW.)
Its a tricky question. Basically, the traditional MMO, in the sense of an RPG game world you log into, has really stagnated. The more interesting things have been happening in genres that arent RPGs. MMOFPSes have continued to develop, with
Planetside 2
. The rise of the MOBA has been extraordinary, of course, and seems to have taken a lot of the energy and excitement away from older eSport games. You could make a good case that MOBAs were influenced by what was happening with MMORPGs.
MMOs are just more work to make than session-based games, in a lot of ways, and so I suspect a lot of publishers, having been burned, arent eager to jump back into it. On a global scale, though, they are still very important in Asia.
I dont think they are over and done with, but I do think that it is going to take some radical changes for them to rise again. On the short term, were seeing a resurgence of the simulationist ideas from the early days in games like
, probably triggered in large part by the success of
. Thats near and dear to my heart, so I am looking forward to seeing what comes out of that. In the longer term immersive VR offers a pretty interesting canvas for the MMO player.
I get the impression that pretty much anyone who worked on early virtual communities was heavily inspired by sci-fi/cyberpunk authors like William Gibson (
, etc.) and Neal Stephenson (
Snow Crash
); would you agree, and/or were there other major inspirations (in literature or elsewhere) that you think I'm missing? Can you think of any contemporary works that you think will be inspiring some of the next major game dev pioneers?
Funny enough, those werent key influences for me. But they were for a lot of people!
I used to keep a list of books and movies that were inspired by or derived from the stuff going in MUDs and MMOs. These days, doing that is impossible. I still remember the first time I heard the term PK used in a piece of visual media I was watching it was in
Serial Experiments Lain
, the anime. I turned to my wife and said wow, I think someone there played
Ultima Online
If anything, a lot of the fiction and movies got a lot pretty sadly wrong. But recently the book
Ready Player One
was a pretty big hit, and it definitely was a sort of
Snow Crash
-lite sort of reading experience. For me personally, it sort of echoed what we were trying to do with Metaplace.
I think that
Rainbows End
by Vernor Vinge is another book that is already inspiring a lot of people. Its (in part) about AR gaming, Google Glass-style. Theres also
Halting State
and its sequel, by Charles Stross.
Where do you personally draw inspiration from these days?
Im spending more time making games than playing them. I dutifully check out whatever is mentioned a lot, but I dont tend to get caught up and invested in anything. I tend to get more inspiration from non-game sources. In the past, that has usually been non-fiction stuff, like stuff about anthropology, or mathematics, or history. Currently, I have to admit that I am making game content that is in part about the way game culture itself is changing. The stuff that is debated around diversity, gamer culture, etc, is becoming a game topic for me.
This might sound like kind of a silly question, but from my perspective, it seems like the fact that people are jerks online is actually a huge factor that turns a lot of people off on the prospect of playing games online. Would you say that's accurate? What do you think devs need to do in order to build harmonious player communities?
Scale is really what kills us here. We want the games to be hugely successful, which means they have to have a lot of people in them. And large crowds just arent conducive to nice harmonious communities. Break the crowd into smaller subgroups, and things get a lot better. But thats not where the market pushes us.
It also means that developers are very remote from the game. You cant engage with the customers when there are millions of them. Instead, there are layers of moderators, and it all changes from a were in this together attitude into a police these people attitude, out of necessity.
On top of that, so many of the games, like the MOBAs and shooters and strategy titles, are all about domination and aggression, which of course bleeds over into the behavior of players. It can be a very testosterone-fueled culture, full of trash talk and posturing.
Many of the techniques for building harmonious communities have been known for a long time. Keep each community fairly small. Actively engage with the community. Celebrate the good behavior. Avoid publicizing the bad behavior. Provide diverse roles within the community and within the game, so that people have a need for people not like them. A lot of this is baked into the MMOs at this point.
It occurs to me that at the current rate of dev tech/tools progress, it won't be long before indies will be able to get their hands on fairly sophisticated, scalable MMO tech. What kind of work would you love to see indies do if MMOs were an option?
I think titles like
Realm of the Mad God
show that some indies already are getting their hands on tech like that, and innovating into new genres. Personally, Id like to see all sorts of game genres tackle incorporating large-scale communities into the gameplay. So far, its mostly been RPGs, some tries at RTS, some building/creativity stuff like
, and of course, a few shooters. Wheres the MMO politics game, the MMO economics game, the MMO platformers and survival horror and visual novels? I have no idea what shape some of these might take, but theres a lot of unexplored territory.
Sometimes it seems like the best ideas in tech and games simply didn't happen at the right time. Is there anything you've come across in the history of video games that you think was too early to succeed and might come back?
I feel that a lot with my own work, actually! It feels like the simulated virtual world is making a comeback -- I dont know that we had the right tech scalability available to us back then to really do it right. I dont think the social virtual world is likely to return to prominence anytime too soon, though; social networks seem to have stomped it.
Were seeing a resurgence in hypertext right now, thanks to the confluence of web tech with old ideas. Thats already leading to cool new stuff done in tool like Twine.
As AI develops, I think that we may see whole genres get revitalized. Imagine what a Siri-like experience within a game could be like. It was tried a few times, but failed badly because of technical limitations.
Let's talk platforms: We're currently seeing the industry both diverge (going from two relevant consoles to an assorted set of microconsoles plus the Big Three, PCs, mobile, and social) and converge (mobile hardware largely built to common standards; next-gen power consoles very similar to each other and the PC). How do these trends inform the way you think of games over the next ten years -- and your work in the biz during that time?
It is both a good time and a bad time. The good side is that its way easier to ship a game on many platforms than ever before. Broader audience, etc. And I think its important that in this new world we understand that platform is not about technology. Platform is about an ecosystem, a distribution channel. In other words, its about a storefront, more than it is about anything else. This means that Android isnt one platform, its several, in most of the ways that really count.
The bad side is that in practice, the convergence is leading there to be de facto winners. Most PC distribution channels are seen as pointless by many devs. Same goes for most of the Android distribution channels. Going to microconsoles right now is more an expression of support than a real financial boon.
The cost-benefit analysis is failing the is it worth my time? test. When you can get 80% of the paying market from one source, well, you tend to do just that one, and youd rather ship a new title than scrabble for 1% incremental revenue for 10% of the work. This is why crossplatform engines are so important -- they minimize that 10%. I cant conceive of porting anymore. Unless youre paid to do it, its hard to make it make financial sense.
Theres some sort of sweet spot that exists between too many platforms and too few. It feels like we are teetering on the edge of that right now, and all signs point to more platforms, not less, but most of them not succeeding.
How do you see the role of games (and the kind of experience players expect) changing? Are there any games/other work do you see around you now that is indicative of an emerging trend in this regard -- something which you think you'll later point to as a watershed moment in the evolution of video games?
It feels like we are swimming in this water already and not realizing it. Just recently,
Gone Home
charted on Steam above some big AAA releases. Thats a landmark moment right there. The press has already turned the corner to a significant degree the debates over the artistic merits of a title like
BioShock Infinite
were already louder to my ears than the sort of traditional review discussion we used to get. The titles under discussion by craftspeople at conferences are the indie games, not the AAA games. Weve seen the rise of artist enclaves, bohemian attitudes, old guard resistance, jejune manifestos (mind you, I think virtually all manifestos are jejune) and all the rest.
I think the floodgates are open. Were at the point now where the kids who grew up with widespread mass market gaming are adults and are steeped in the gamer culture and mindset, and with that is coming all the self-examination, the desire to see substantial thematic content, and so on. The revolution has happened.
Registration is now open for GDC Next
- which Koster is on the advisory board for, helping to pick the content - and the co-located
. The first 500 attendees who sign up can save over 30% on ADC, GDC Next, or a combined VIP Pass. For all the latest news on GDC Next, subscribe for updates via
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text:
The ROTC is honoring the country's veterans differently this year. Lt. Col. Jim Rouse, chair of the Department of Military Science said the idea came to him as he was sitting in the MSU Alumni Chapel during last year's Veterans' Day ceremony.
"I was thinking, 'we can get out and engage the community,'" Lt. Col. Rouse said.
On Tuesday, a members of the ROTC went to the Grand Rapids Home for Veterans. Veterans and ROTC members spent the afternoon entertained by a musical group performing patriotic songs, ROTC cadets giving personal testimonies and ROTC cadets folding an American flag before giving it to the Grand Rapids Home for Veterans. Other events will be held throughout the week to honor veterans.
Please note All comments are eligible for publication in The State News.


text:
City Limits Apartments
127 E 59th St Minneapolis, MN
At City Limits Apartments, residents can enjoy a variety of outdoor amenities including a playground, community picnic and BBQ areas, and beautiful landscaping. We also have laundry facilities on each floor of our buildings.
Our 1 and 2 bedroom apartments have electric kitchen appliances, a balcony, multiple closets, and much more! We know it's important to you so we made sure that all of our apartments are ready for high-speed Internet and cable. We bundle certain utilities into the rent including heat, water, sewer, and trash.
Our community combines affordable apartments, wonderful location, and excellent management to create a great rental experience. We want our apartment to become your new home.
City Limits Apartments is now under new ownership and management through Monarch Investment and Management Group.
Other: Utilities: Sewer & Trash included
Unit Count: 198
Last Updated: 2 months ago
Contact Number: (612) 562-6977
127 E 59th St Minneapolis, MN
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October 13, 2008
History Buff Puts Capital in the Picture
A WEBSITE featuring more than 1000 images of Edinburgh has been launched by a local history enthusiast.
The site, www.edinburghinpictures.co.uk, is the brainchild of website designer Rachel Windsor, who has been working on it for six months.Visitors to the site can search for pictures by place name or theme, or take a virtual tour of a particular area.
Ms Windsor said: "I wanted to create something which would be useful to people trying to find out about Edinburgh and about all the history connected with the streets and buildings.
"With a website, you can link between bits of information in a way that you can't with a book, so it allows simple cross- referencing between, say, Walter Scott's birthplace and the Scott Monument, or the many city centre sculptures created by John Steell."
(c) 2008 Evening News; Edinburgh (UK). Provided by ProQuest LLC. All rights Reserved.


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Discover how to save time and money, by managing your finances and overseas transactions with ease.
Health insurance in Belgium
Here's a complete guide on how to apply for Belgian health insurance as an expat and choose from the many Belgian health insurance companies.
The Belgian healthcare system
If you live and work in Belgium, you will be entitled to subsidised Belgian healthcare. Find out how to access healthcare in Belgium and claim your reimbursements.
Having a baby in Belgium
If you're having a baby in Belgium, here's a guide to prenatal care, delivery, aftercare, birth registration, child benefits, and maternity and paternity leave in Belgium.
Doctors, dentists and medical specialists in Belgium
A guide to finding a doctor, specialist or dentist in Belgium, detailing how to register, make appointments, and claim reimbursements through insurance.
French medical terms and body parts in French
A complete list of French medical terms to visit a doctor or hospital in France. Use this French-English medical dictionary to visit a doctor or get medicine in French.
Find a dentist in Brussels and other Belgian cities
A guide to help you find a suitable dental clinic in Brussels, family dental care, register with an English speaking dentist in Brussels and other areas of the country.
Where are the world's healthiest countries?
Where would a hunt for the world's healthiest countries take you? Which country boasts the healthiest national diet, the healthiest lifestyle and environment, and the best health system? What does "healthy" mean to you?
5 steps to getting healthcare in Belgium
Foreigners can typically access subsided Belgian healthcare — claiming back up to 75 percent of medical costs — provided they undertake several registrations with local authorities.
Private health insurance: How to choose the best policy and health insurer...
If you're considering private health insurance, finding the right health insurance plan or health insurance company can be time consuming. This guide explains how to choose the right private health insurance for you.
International health insurance: How to choose between local or expat insura...
International health insurance for expats: How to choose between local insurance or an international health insurance plan. When is expat medical insurance necessary?
How to find a doctor abroad for English-speaking expats
How to find a doctor abroad: non-profit organisation IAMAT has helped travellers and expats find English-speaking doctors abroad for 50 years. See how their doctor search works.
Expat health insurance: How to choose the best expat insurance
Expat health insurance: We help you find the best expat health insurance with these five tips. Which expat health insurance do you need for your situation?
EHIC: European Health Insurance Card explained
The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) allows citizens from the EU/EEA and Switzerland to access healthcare when travelling within the EU. What are the procedures for EHIC application and EHIC renewal?
Top tips to maintaining a healthy weight for expats
Keeping yourself at the right weight is a key way to ensure good heart health — and it turns out, the little decisions you make during your busy expat life are the ones that make a big difference
How breastfeeding is viewed around the world
When deciding whether to breastfeed, each new mother is influenced not only by her physical ability and personal beliefs, but also by social and cultural customs. But how much do attitudes to breastfeeding differ around the world?


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Jerry Grayson is a helicopter film pilot who travels the globe and chose to live in Heathcote. Hear him talk about the coolest job in the world!
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You know all those great shots in a film where the camera glides down through the clouds and perhaps skims across a beautiful African landscape and zooms in on a giraffe or mob of zebras, or captures an amazing city skyline like Manhattan at sunrise?
Someone has to shoot that footage, usually from a helicopter, and a man who's made a career out of that will be discussing some of his work at next month's Heathcote Film Festival.
Jerry Grayson has worked on documentaries such as An Inconvenient Truth, films like A View To a Kill, Black Hawk Down and Transformers, and aerial coverage of the 2004 Olympics, 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games and 2009 Soccer World Cup.
He and his producer wife Sara Hine have settled in the Central Victorian town of Heathcote in recent years, but their job takes them around the globe.
You can hear Jerry Grayson speaking about his work with Morning show presenter Ann Jones here, including his latest film The Earth Wins.


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Aubrey Organics, GPB, Balancing Protein Conditioner, Classic Scent, 16 fl oz (473 ml) (Discontinued Item)
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Aubrey Organics, GPB, Balancing Protein Conditioner, Classic Scent, 16 fl oz (473 ml) (Discontinued Item)
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About 60 Crushed To Death In Ivory Coast Stadium Stampede
- Details
- Published on Tuesday, 01 January 2013 21:12
ABIDJAN: About 60 people were crushed to death in Ivory Coast's main city of Abidjan overnight after a New Year's Eve fireworks display, an emergency official and state radio said today.
"There are around 60 dead, and about 200 injured, this is a provisional estimate," a rescue official told Reuters, asking not to be named.
He said the incident happened near Felix Houphouet Boigny Stadium where a crowd had gathered to watch fireworks.
A Reuters correspondent said there were blood stains and abandoned shoes outside the stadium this morning, and government officials and rescue and security forces were still there.
"My two children came here yesterday. I told them not to come but they didn't listen. They came when I was sleeping. What will I do?" said Assetou Toure, a cleaner. She said she did not know if her children survived.
- Reuters


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Muskrats forced into 4th place playoff game on Saturday after dropping season finale to Sanford, 5-2
- Published in Local News
LACONIA — Needing a win or at the very least some good luck to clinch a NECBL Eastern Division playoff spot on the last night of the regular season, the Mustangs got neither. The combination of Friday's 5-2 loss to Sanford at Robbie Mills Field and a 5-1 Mystic win over Plymouth (Mass.) secured a third place finish for the Connecticut team and a fourth place tie between Laconia and Sanford.
Mystic finished at 22-22, while the Muskrats and the Mainers deadlocked at 21-23.
A one game play-in game is now necessary and it will be played Saturday night in Sanford at 6:30.
The winner of the Laconia-Sanford game will open a best of three, first round playoff series at division winner Newport (30-14) on Sunday. Second place Ocean State (24-20) will host Mystic in the other Eastern Division first round series.
The second game in each series will be played on Monday night on the home field of the lower seeded team. Scores and other information about game times will be available online at www.necbl.com.
Laconia took a 2-1 lead into the eighth inning against Sanford last night but the Mainers tied the game in the next to last frame and then pushed across 3 more runs in the top of the 9th.
Evan Rahn (Wheaton) pitched 7 and 2/3 innings for Laconia, scattering 8 hits and giving up just one earned run. He was relieved by Jacob Moody, who took the loss.
Moody got two outs in the ninth before Robert Wayman reached on a throwing error by shortstop Carter White (U Memphis), who is primarily a catcher, and Nate LaPointe scored the go-ahead run from second base. Troy Black then doubled home the second run of the inning and an error on left fielder Taylor Drake (McNeese St.) allowed the third run to score.
Laconia managed just 5 hits. Right fielder Eddie Macaluso (listed on the roster as a pitcher) had 2 hits and drove in a run.
All Star second baseman Joe Torres (Iona) scored Laconia's first run a a fielders choice in the fourth. Third baseman Nick Freeberger (Hartford CC) led off the seventh inning with a single and later scored on a single by Macaluso.


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"Latch on NYC" — Unfair To New Moms?
by Jacoba Urist
It was my second night on the labor and delivery floor of NYU Medical Center. I'd been awake for thirty-nine hours straight. My roommate cried constantly, as did her newborn and, oddly, some of her visitors. My husband— prohibited from staying in the shared room— shuttled between the hospital and home. And, oh yes, I'd just delivered a brand new human being into the world. Welcome to parenthood. I was already exhausted.
With all this in mind, my husband and I made the request for a five-hour reprieve from baby care.
Before he left for the evening, we asked that our son spend from midnight to five a.m. in the nursery. We also asked that our baby get formula as needed, although I was breastfeeding him, so that I could try to sleep.
Around one-thirty in the morning, a nurse arrived with our son and told me he was hungry. The formula? They couldn't locate any at the moment. They were very busy that night. And I really had to feed the baby now.
At three-thirty: different nurse, same drill. She wasn't sure where the formula was exactly. It could take a while to track the formula down. They were very busy. My child had to be fed immediately.
Of course I breastfed our son each time. But I certainly didn't appreciate the hospital staff balking at providing two formula feedings. It made me feel like a bad mother…and took away from much-needed recovery time.
So I was pretty upset but not wholly surprised when I saw that, three days ago (and three years after my son was born), Mayor Bloomberg declared formula a controlled substance in New York City.
Starting September 3rd, under the "Latch on NYC" initiative , the City will monitor the number of formula bottles hospitals use, by keeping them in the same kind of lock-boxes they use to store medications.
So far, 27 of the New York's 40 hospitals have signed on, agreeing to toss out formula-branded items like lanyards and mugs and to document a medical reason for every bottle a newborn receives— treating formula like a prescription drug.
With each formula bottle a mother requests, she'll get a lactation lecture about why she should use breast milk instead.
NYU Medical's spokesperson told The New York Post that they've already adopted the program. The Post reports that NYU's breastfeeding rate has jumped from 39 to 68 percent of new mothers since they implemented it.
I'm all for women breastfeeding if they want to (as I did). The health benefits of breast milk are persuasive. We should support mothers who choose to breastfeed with things like greater social acceptability and public lactation rooms.
But Bloomberg's program forces women to defend a valid request for baby formula. It preys on women in the days (sometimes hours) after they deliver a baby.
If I, a fairly confident, opinionated lawyer, had trouble standing up to the breast-feeding brigade at the hospital, before the Bloomberg lockdown, I can only imagine what New York moms face today. Or come September.
Jacoba Urist is a lawyer, writer and mom in New York City. She is a regular contributor for NBCNews and Forbes, and writes about financial, legal and parenting issues. Her articles have also appeared on The Atlantic and Newsweek/TheDailyBeast.


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[UPDATE: Or UCLA vs. Western Michigan…]
The annual Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl (that new name is starting to sound normal to me already) is a coming to the Phone Booth on Saturday, December 31st, 2011.
Where else will you watch an NCAA bowl game in NorCal?
Oh, what's that, you want to know who's playing this year? Well, let's look to the past:
2010 — Nevada 20, Boston College 13
2009 — USC 24, Boston College 13
2008 — California 24, Miami 17
2007 — Oregon State 21, Maryland 14
2006 — Florida State 44, UCLA 27
2005 — Utah 38, Georgia Tech 10
2004 — Navy 34, New Mexico 19
2003 — Boston College 35, Colorado State 21
2002 — Virginia Tech 20, Air Force 13
As you can see, sort of, there's gotta be a Pac-12 team on the field – that's current rule.
Here's one stab at it:
"Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl
December 31, 2011 San Francisco, CA, 3:30 pm ESPN
Payout: $1.675 million
Pac-12 No. 6 vs. Army (WAC if Army not available)"
But it looks like their prediction has recently changed, based on this:
"Scout's 2011 bowl prediction for the Illini has them heading out San Francisco to participate in the Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl. There, Scout predicts, the Illini would take on the UCLA Bruins, who would be 6-7 on the season and also likely minus its coach as well. Two teams with a combined record of 12-13 and without head coaches doesn't exactly sound like the most appetizing match up, but such is one of the downsides of the current bowl system."
So, as recently as yesterday, some people were thinking it could be this squad…
Click to expand
…versus this one, the crew from Illinois. (You know, they're looking for men, as always.)
All right, see you there!
Tags: 2009, 2010, 2011, ACC, afternoon, annual, arizona, Arizona State, army, band, bay area, Boston College, bowl, broadcast, Bruins, california, champagne urbana, cheerleaders, coach, colorado, conference, eligible, emerald, Emerald Bowl, espn, eve, Executive Director, fight hunger, fight hunger bowl, fighting, football, founder, game, Gary Cavalli, holiday, illini, illinois, illionois, kraft, Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl, los angeles, mac, marching, Miami and Florida State, michigan, name, ncaa, nevada, new year, new years eve, nye12, oregon, Oregon State, pac 10, pac 12, pacific, projections, San Francisco, San Francisco Bowl Game Association, stanford, state, Sun Bowl, TV, UCLA, union square, university, usc, utah, WAC, Washington, Washington State, western, Western Michigan


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Sorry, no definitions found. You may find more data at underneath.
Sorry, no etymologies found.
Underneath is her senior yearbook quote from 2006: "Truly great friends are hard to find, difficult to leave, and impossible to forget."
Family, friends, attend funeral for UVa. slain lacrosse player
The Underneath is the first novel by Appelt, who has also [...]
Complete List of 2009 Newbery, Caldecott, Printz, Sibert, Alex and Other American Library Association Award-Winners and Honor Books « One-Minute Book Reviews
The Underneath is the first novel by Appelt, who has also written picture books for children.
The Underneath is so drenched in sorrow that while it might pain some children at any time, you wonder how it will affect those who are suffering greatly because of the recession.
The problem with The Underneath is in part a lack of balance.
Underneath is a sticker saying 'trash ist kultur' (trash is kulture).
Underneath is comparatively soft Niagara shale, of about the same thickness.
And then he took them out through his back door, for the front door had no pathway nor even a step -- from it the old man used to empty his slops sheer on to the Southern Cross -- and so they came to the garden wherein his cabbages were, and those flowers that only blow in Fairyland, turning their faces always towards the comet, and he pointed them out the way to the place he called Underneath, where the Gladsome Beast had his lair.
Underneath is the inscription: 'WHEN YE HATH SOUGHT THE
Anecdotes and Observations, Reflections and Critical Remarks
In the story, the Underneath is a crawlspace below the half-collapsed shack of a pitiless, disfigured trapper known as Gar Face.


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Recipe: Crisp Tuna-Cabbage Salad
I love a little crunch in my tuna salad. I also am not the biggest fan of mayonnaise; I like a dab but no more. Here's a tuna salad in that spirit — fresh, crisp, and light, with more vegetables than tuna in the mix.
I used Wild Planet light skipjack tuna for this salad. We're big fans of Wild Planet's responsibly-sourced canned tuna around here. (Sara Kate mentioned them in her roundup of a past Fancy Food Show.) Their light skipjack tuna is a little more expensive, but it's lower in mercury than other canned tuna, and skipjack is overall one of the best picks for tuna. When I checked Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch for their take on this variety of fish (something I generally do when buying fish): "Skipjack tuna caught with troll or pole-and-line gear receive a "Best Choice" recommendation because there is little or no bycatch associated with this collection method."
All good things, and the tuna itself was delicious. You can see it above, just after I opened the can. A solid mass of tuna! No little flecks and specks swimming in water.
I mixed the tuna with a generous quantity of finely chopped cabbage, which makes up the bulk of the salad. The tuna adds protein, and it's all dressed with just a touch of mayonnaise helped out by Greek yogurt. This lighter approach to tuna salad is simple and fresh; it benefits from a healthy helping of black pepper, too. I'd love to add a little garlic next time — an addition just for weekend lunches, perhaps! (Tuna and garlic? No need to overwhelm your coworkers!)
Crisp Tuna-Cabbage Salad
Makes 2 (1-cup) servings
(5-ounce) can tuna, drained
2 cups
finely chopped green or red cabbage, from about 4 ounces or 1/4 of a small head of cabbage
1/4 cup
minced chives, from about 1/4 ounce chives
1 tablespoon
3 tablespoons
plain Greek yogurt
Salt and freshly ground black pepper
Shred the tuna with a fork and mix thoroughly with the cabbage. Stir in the chives, mayonnaise, and yogurt. Taste and add salt and pepper to taste. Eat immediately or else refrigerate for up to two days.
Recipe Notes
Updated from recipe originally published August 2010.


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These little car cards were a lot of fun to make! Sometimes, when I have a hard time coming up with ideas for cards, I think of an age group and that really helps me think outside the box. I made these cute little car cards for the birthdays of some of my little one's friends!
Right now all I have are blue cars, but I am hoping to add some red and green ones to my stash!


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KQED News
Empty Boots at Civic Center Stand for Calif. War Dead
Anti-war activists lined up 481 pairs of boots outside of San Francisco's City Hall Monday to represent each California service-member who has died in Iraq. Iraq War veteran Dottie Guy, who helped arrange the exhibit, says it's a way of showing the impact the war has on soldiers and civilians alike.
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Quote:starfungi said:If you think of it, music has some of the aspects that drugs have. Atleast on me. It can send tingles down my spine and make me feel absolutelty fantastic, better than on many drugs! I can feel addicted to it, quite often I can't wait for the working day to end so I can go home and listen to some. I actually get depressed if I can't listen to good music every now and then. I would never choose any substance before it.Does all this make music a drug?
Quote:Max Headroom said:I would say music is a drug. The music enters your body through soundwaves, which are a type of energy. How is this so dissimilar to energy in the form of a physical substance? They're both energy, just in different forms. If that energy alters your brain chemistry in some way, what does it matter what form it's in? I would compare music to sugar if I had to compare it to a physical substance. At least that's the effect it has on me.
Quote:DoctorJ said:oh yeah, and sometimes I fiend for music, too, you know, like:"must... listen to... megadeth..."
Pronunciation: (krE"A-tiv'i-tE, krE"u-), [key]
1. the state or quality of being creative.
2. the ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, patterns, relationships, or the like, and to create meaningful new ideas, forms, methods, interpretations, etc.; originality, progressiveness, or imagination: the need for creativity in modern industry; creativity in the performing arts.
3. the process by which one utilizes creative ability: Extensive reading stimulated his creativity.
Generated in 0.042 seconds spending 0.007 seconds on 21 queries.


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There must be 3 dozen blankets in my house. Look no further than my hallway closet if you need to make a blanket rope to scale down your 18th floor apartment during a fire. We have everything from quilts and comforters to knitted throws and fleece that could keep an Eskimo warm. Like most everything else in my house, I am not quite sure how we amassed such a collection but stuffed tightly into closets, folded on the end of beds, and over top of furniture, there they all are.
For the most part, each and every blanket gets used for their intended purpose. Mostly it is my wife, who can't seem to warm up even when the thermostat in the house is north of the year round climate of the Gobi Desert, using them when she sleeps. But sometimes our blankets become superhero capes (which I may be guiltier of doing than the kids). Sometimes they are laid out to create a bed when everyone else in my house is sleeping in my bed and I get relegated to the floor with the dog (commonly referred to 'Dad camping' in my house). Sometimes we use them as roofs for our sofa forts in the basement and some of them adorn our furniture to hide the wear and tear only having two kids, a cat, and a 90 pound dog can do to your furniture. Somehow we manage to use each and every one…except one.
There is one blanket in my house that does not get used by anyone. It is a green and brown crocheted blanket that has been stretched out to the point of allowing my kids to be able to put their hands through the holes in the knitting. The fabric, frayed in some spots and faded in others, bears the look of its 30 year old age. It is small (admittedly, it seemed much bigger when I was much smaller). The fluff of the fabric has been tamped down by years of storage and its best days of keeping anyone warm are long behind it. At first glance, it pales in comparison to the microfibers and fleeces of our regularly used blankets and poses the question of why keep such a wafer of a blanket.
The green and brown crocheted blanket, tightly folded in a corner of my storage chest has earned its place among the rest of the items. Things like my daughter's Baptism dresses, pictures, lockets, birthday cards with messages written by family members no longer with us, a stack of comic books (I keep hidden so my wife does not find out I put them in the chest). This blanket stays with the rest of our links to the past because this green and brown crocheted blanket belonged to my Grandmother.
I had been digging through the storage chest the other day for reasons unknown to me other than to guess it was something my wife had told me I needed to find and I was out of places to look. I was moving past some of the trinkets, clothing, and flipping through the yellowed pages of the comics books when I came across the blanket. As the storage chest is more of a time capsule than something any of us dig through on a normal basis, it had been years since I had seen the green and brown crocheted blanket.
But there it is, right in front of me. I of course push aside everything else even remotely close to it so I can pull the green and brown crocheted blanket out and hold it. Like a song on the radio or any other items bringing on that feeling of nostalgia, the blanket holds my key to getting back to my Grandmother.
It has been 20 years since she died. Each day of those 20 years seem like a lifetime and yet holding the blanket in my hands, I span the years and back to my Grandmother because 20 years after I had to say goodbye to her, this unassuming blanket still holds a piece of her. I am back in her house. I hear her voice, listen to her singing; I can smell her food cooking in the kitchen. I could tell you exactly how her kitchen had been set up, where the dining room table was, and the design on her dishes, and where the stains of spaghetti sauce were on her white shirt.
The green and brown crocheted blanket also holds the hurt of not having her here. Even after 20 years, the pain of her loss is felt. After 20 years my yearning to hear her voice just one more time has not decreased. After 20 years, I still wish for her to be in the kitchen when I walk in the door from work, cooking and singing and more than likely covered in sauce. The pain reminds me of just how much I miss her.
So I hold the blanket because every moment and every memory of my Grandmother is worth it. It brings back all of the love she brought to my life and I smile. It brings to the surface the ache in my heart that has yet to cease 20 years after her death and I miss her more. I take it all in because who am I to push away a nostalgic moment? If anything, I want to remember more. I want to feel more. I want to smile, I want to laugh, and I want to cry. I don't want to leave this moment just yet which is why I clutch it a little tighter because I want to squeeze as much time as I can from the green and brown crocheted blanket.


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UNION TOWNSHIP | Bowman Academy's basketball practices for the last week have been about two things: running and free throws.
The Eagles plan to be in better condition than their opponents, and can score points with the clock stopped.
"Our problem right now is not execution, it's heart and I'm telling our players right now to fight through execution," Bowman coach Marvin Rea said Saturday. "I'm teaching our guys to play through adversity, that's why our practices are just running and free throws. If you find the heart to win, you're going to win."
The Eagles hit 11-of-13 free throws in the fourth quarter of the Class 2A Wheeler Sectional title game against Noll, which went 4-of-10 in the same period. The difference was a 76-63 Bowman win, giving the Eagles their second straight sectional title and fourth overall.
"I'm going to thank (Rea) for that," junior Justin King said.
King scored 12 of his game-high 24 points from the free-throw line.
Bowman did its most damage when Noll had to sit Larry Crisler and Tyreon Gates because of foul trouble.
The Eagles turned a 38-34 halftime deficit into a 50-45 third-quarter lead while Gates and Crisler had their third fouls. When Noll came as close as three points early in the fourth quarter, Linden Jackson hit a 3-pointer for Bowman and Noll never came closer than six points.
"It hurt us to have Larry and Ty in foul trouble," Warriors coach Drew Trost said. "That was the biggest difference in the game for us."
Crisler led Bishop Noll with 13 points, one of four players to score in double figures. The Warriors took an early lead behind 12 first-quarter points from Matt Sandoval. Jalen Hord added 12 and Gates chipped in 10 points.
The Eagles won the sectional last season en route to the state title game. The last three winners from this sectional have reached the Class 2A state championship game, with Wheeler winning it in 2010.
"This one is better because now I'm looked to as a leader," King said. "Now we've won another one with other players helping the team."


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Cement has been around for at least 12 million years. When the earth itself was undergoing intense geologic changes natural, cement was being created. It was this natural cement that humans first put to use. Eventually, they discovered how to make cement from other materials.
Concrete is a compound material made from sand, gravel and cement. The cement is a mixture of various minerals which when mixed with water, hydrate and rapidly become hard binding the sand and gravel into a solid mass. The oldest known surviving concrete is to be found in the former Yugoslavia and was thought to have been laid in 5,600 BC using red lime as the cement.
The Assyrians and Babylonians used clay as the bonding substance or cement. The Egyptians used lime and gypsum cement. In 1756, British engineer, John Smeaton made the first modern concrete (hydraulic cement) by adding pebbles as a coarse aggregate and mixing powered brick into the cement. In 1824, English inventor, Joseph Aspdin invented Portland Cement, which has remained the dominant cement used in concrete production. Joseph Aspdin created the first true artificial cement by burning ground limestone and clay together. The burning process changed the chemical properties of the materials and Joseph Aspdin created a stronger cement than what using plain crushed limestone would produce.
The first major concrete users were the Egyptians in around 2,500 BC and the Romans from 300 BC The Romans found that by mixing a pink sand-like material which they obtained from Pozzuoli with their normal lime-based concretes they obtained a far stronger material. The pink sand turned out to be fine volcanic ash and they had inadvertently produced the first 'pozzolanic' cement. Pozzolana is any siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which possesses little or no cementitious value in itself but will, if finely divided and mixed with water, chemically react with calcium hydroxide to form compounds with cementitious properties.
The Romans made many developments in concrete technology including the use of lightweight aggregates as in the roof of the Pantheon, and embedded reinforcement in the form of bronze bars, although the difference in thermal expansion between the two materials produced problems of spalling. It is from the Roman words 'caementum' meaning a rough stone or chipping and 'concretus' meaning grown together or compounded, that we have obtained the names for these two now common materials.
Building a Dam using steel reinforced concrete
Portland Cement
Lime and Pozzolana concretes continued to be used intermittently for nearly two millennia before the next major development occurred in 1824 when Joseph Aspdin of Leeds took out a patent for the manufacture of Portland cement, so named because of its close resemblance to Portland stone. Aspdin's cement, made from a mixture of clay and limestone, which had been crushed and fired in a kiln, was an immediate success. Although many developments have since been made, the basic ingredients and processes of manufacture are the same today.
1830, a publication entitled, "The Encyclopaedia of Cottage, Farm
and Village Architecture" suggested that a lattice of iron rods
could be embedded in concrete to form a
roof. Eighteen years later, a French lawyer created a sensation by
building a boat from a frame of iron rods covered by a fine concrete
which he exhibited at the Paris Exhibition of 1855. Steel reinforced concrete
was now born. The man normally credited with its introduction as a
building material is William Wilkinson of Newcastle who applied for a
patent in 1854 for "improvement in the construction of fireproof
dwellings, warehouses, other buildings and parts of the same".
It is not only fire resistance that is improved by the inclusion of steel in the concrete matrix. Concrete, although excellent in compression, performs poorly when in tension or flexure. By introducing a network of connected steel bars, the strength under tension is dramatically increased allowing long, unsupported runs of concrete to be produced.
Steel and concrete complement each other in many ways. For example, they have similar coefficients of thermal expansion so preventing the problems the Romans had with bronze. Concrete also protects the steel, both physically and chemically.
Composition of Portland Cement
Portland cement is a complex mix of many compounds, some of which play a major part in the hydration or chemical characteristics of the cement. It is manufactured commercially by heating together a mixture of limestone and clay up to a temperature of 1300 to 1500°C. Although twenty to thirty percent of the mix becomes molten during the process the majority of the reactions which take place are solid-state in nature and therefore liable to be slow. Once cooled, the resulting clinker is ground to a fine powder and a small amount of gypsum (calcium sulphate dihydrate) is added to slow down the rate at which the cement hydrates to a workable level.
The work of early investigators using optical and X-ray techniques, starting in 1882 with Le Chatelier, has shown that most Portland cement clinkers contain four principal compounds. These are tricalcium silicate (3CaO.SiO2), aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3) and a ferrite phase from the (2CaO.Fe2O3 - 6CaO.2Al2O3.Fe2O3) solid solution series that at one time was considered to have the fixed composition (4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3). These phases were named alite, belite, celite and felite respectively by Tornebohm in 1897.
Hydration of Portland Cement
When water is mixed with Portland cement a complicated set of reactions is initiated. The main strength giving compounds are the calcium silicates which react with water to produce a calcium silicate hydrate gel (C-S-H gel) which provides the strength, and calcium hydroxide which contributes to the alkalinity of the cement. Tricalcium silicate reacts quickly to provide high, early strengths while the reaction of dicalcium silicate is far slower, continuing, in some cases, for many years. The other cement compound of particular relevance to steel reinforced concrete is tricalcium aluminate. It reacts rapidly with water to produce calcium aluminate hydrates.
amount of tricalcium aluminate present may well be limited as in the
case of sulphate resisting Portland cement, to prevent adverse reactions
between the hydrate and sulphates from the environment which can result
in swelling and cracking of the cement matrix.
The great advantage of tricalcium aluminate is its ability to combine with chlorides, so removing them from the liquid phase of the cement. Chloride ions, as will be seen, are one of the major causes of corrosion of embedded steel.
Concrete that includes imbedded metal (usually steel) is called reinforced concrete or ferroconcrete. Reinforced concrete was invented (1849) by Joseph Monier, who received a patent in 1867. Joseph Monier was a Parisian gardener who made garden pots and tubs of concrete reinforced with an iron mesh. Reinforced concrete combines the tensile or bendable strength of metal and the compressional strength of concrete to withstand heavy loads. Joseph Monier exhibited his invention at the Paris Exposition of 1867. Besides his pots and tubs, Joseph Monier promoted reinforced concrete for use in railway ties, pipes, floors, arches, and bridges.
History of Structural Concrete Case Studies
Related Information
It is essential to provide housing at affordable prices for every person in the United Kingdom. At present houses are kept artificially high. For this reason life is harder for young couples starting out.
Part of the reason houses are so expensive, is that the planning officers employed by town councils are not accountable to the ratepayer. MANY ARE ON THE TAKE and in property themselves. In addition, councillors are usually retired or well off, or perhaps do not need to work.
Instead of worrying about providing housing for the man in the street, they simply want to make their plot worth more. It stands to reason. If you had the chance to make your porperty worth more, what would you do? Whatever the reason, councillors do not argue against some planning applications, but will argue against other identical proposals. The opposite is also true. Some planning applications are approved before they hit the committee room. While other applications more in line with good planning policy, get a rough ride - delays - questions and requests for more details.
It really all depends on who is making the application. If you are not on the list of friends and associates, you stand much less of a chance of obtaining planning permission.
THIS SITE CONTAINS MANY EXAMPLES OF COUNCIL'S UNREASONABLE BEHAVIOUR - With thanks to Action Groups across the country for the supply of real case history and supporting documents. *THAT THE PUBLIC MAY KNOW*
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This site is free of © Copyright except where specifically stated. Any person may download, use and quote any reference or any link, and is guaranteed such right to freedom of information and speech under the Human Rights and Freedom of Information Acts. However, be aware that we cannot be held liable for the accuracy of the information provided. All users should therefore research matters for themselves and seek their own legal advice and this information is provided simply by way of a guide. Horse Sanctuary UK Limited.


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SizeUp Reveals Best U.S. Metros for Fireworks Businesses
Free online business intelligence tool can rank "best places" for every U.S. industry
Jul 02, 2013, 06:13 ET from SizeUp
SAN FRANCISCO, July 2, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Just in time for the July 4th holiday, the metros of San Antonio, Kansas City and Miami have been shown to have the nation's top-performing fireworks stores, according to the free business intelligence website SizeUp (www.sizeup.com). SizeUp recently launched a "Best Places" tool that allows users to rank the best cities, metro areas and states for every industry in America.
"Our new Best Places tool provides fascinating details about U.S. industries ranging from fireworks retailers to bakeries to dentist offices," said Anatalio Ubalde, CEO of SizeUp. "Executives, entrepreneurs, and data junkies can now visit SizeUp.com to learn specifics about the top-performing businesses in their industry – by location."
SizeUp creates best places lists by super crunching millions of data points from both public and private sources, based on the most current data available. SizeUp's data can be filtered by city, state and county, and also by criteria such as highest revenue per capita, most underserved markets, average annual revenue, employees and more, allowing decision-makers to find information that is most relevant to them.
"Our free tool helps executives identify locations for new operations, suppliers, employees, and more, in a matter of seconds," said Ubalde.
Based on total revenues, the top ten U.S. metro areas for fireworks retailers and wholesalers are:
- San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX
- Kansas City, MO-KS
- Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
- Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI
- Dallas-Ft. Worth-Arlington, TX
- Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX
- Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
- Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin, TN
- Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC
- Birmingham-Hoover, AL
View a map of the top U.S. metro areas for fireworks retailers and wholesalers here: http://www.sizeup.com/bestPlaces/fireworks-wholesale#attribute=totalRevenue&placeType=metro.
Visitors can also view reports for the top-performing U.S. cities and states. Any of these reports can be embedded in another website by clicking the "Share" button above the map.
About SizeUp
SizeUp (http://www.SizeUp.com) is a business intelligence website that helps small businesses become smarter, more profitable, and more competitive. It enables small business owners to benchmark themselves against competitors, find the best places to advertise, and map their competitors, customers, and suppliers. SizeUp is a service of GIS Planning (http://www.gisplanning.com), the world leader in online economic development solutions. SizeUp powers the online services to small businesses offered on the U.S. Small Business Administration website.
SOURCE SizeUp


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Sorry for the confusion but there seems to be many people asking this question, either by asking or going as far as asking for the price. For us to have Pink Eye's hard covered, we need to have the sources which is the story actually formatted and the pics drawn for them. While I am glad you guys are excited, lets turn that excitement to productivity and get the first step done. XD
Check what needs to be done on the Pink Eyes page, there is nothing stopping us from formatting while the printing is going.
After putting it off far too long, the forum has now been updated to the latest version. The old forum was actually too old to update easily, and relied on a mod that I only recently found for the newer version.
Please let me know if you find anything not working properly.
Oh, and one more thing, forum registration is open again
Please let me know if you find anything not working properly.
Oh, and one more thing, forum registration is open again
2nd Print of FOE, Not Pink Eyes.
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Re: 2nd Print of FOE, Not Pink Eyes.
Yeah, sorry about that folks, it was my fault. I forgot to disable some of the future projects and test data.
Re: 2nd Print of FOE, Not Pink Eyes.
So... Its time to make some drawings, those who can, while waithing for the 2nd printing of FOE I guess...
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Hi there, would you advice how would I transfer the Delicious Magazine Theme over as I recently changed my wordpress.com to wordpress.org
Also, would you advice how do I import my XML file which is larger than 2M?
Thank you very much for your help!
The blog I need help with is danielfooddiary.com.


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Meet Brittney
"Hi, my name is Brittney and I joined P&G just under a year ago as an Account Manger. After two summer internships with P&G, I accepted a full-time position in Charlotte, NC and joined the Family Dollar Team. To enable P&G's go to market strategy to win wherever people shop, Sales has customer teams around the world that call on customers wherever they are located. Because Family Dollar is just outside of Charlotte, I relocated here to join a team of 28 innovative, creative, and passionate P&Gers to not only "sell cases" but to act as thought leaders influencing how Family Dollar goes to market. After my role on this team, I would like to expand my experience by joining another team like CVS or BJ's in New England or Walgreens in Chicago. But, for now I am focused on learning how to effectively develop joint business plans with my customer, sell in new item distribution, recommend pricing, and secure merchandising in order to accelerate market share and sales growth for P&G and Family Dollar."


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Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PRWEB) February 07, 2013
Preferred Partners Dating, a Canadian gay matchmaking service, has voiced strident concern with the recent Ugandan legislation that punishes homosexuality as a criminal offense. As the nations of the world largely move toward an acceptance of same-sex relationships, a few pockets of religious and political conservatism still revile such relationships, classifying them as deviant and immoral. Uganda exists as one such pocket. "The Anti-gay Bill in Uganda is abhorrently unjust, but it also puts the lives of those in the GLBT community in Uganda at stake," explains David Anderson, an employee of Preferred Partners Dating. "Gays in Uganda have to live much of their lives in secrecy to avoid persecution, forcing them into clandestine, and often treacherous, situations."
Safety issues arising from illicit meetings are an aspect of the dating scene that Preferred Partners Dating is diligently working to suspend. Through its own service in Canada, it thoroughly screens new members, denying memberships to those with documented substance abuse problems, criminal records, or other less-than-ideal tendencies. Such a filtration process, according to its member base, solidifies Preferred Partners Dating as a trustworthy and honest source of potential mates.
According to Human Rights Watch, a group created to defend and illuminate human rights violations around the world (HRW.org), the Ugandan bill in question was first written in 2009 and reduces restrictions on the Ugandan government in its capability to punish Ugandans who practice same-sex relationships all over the globe. The bill says that homosexuals can be extradited back to Uganda for incarceration and includes provisions that offer punishment to non-government organizations, such as corporations or media-related companies, that support gay rights in any form. Under current Uganda law, such offenses carry a sentence of up to 14 years in prison.
Preferred Partners Dating is a matchmaking company that differs with the typical dating web sites through the simple fact that it does much of the leg work for its clients. Instead of forcing its clients to filter through countless profiles or possible matches, Preferred Partners Dating hand-pairs singles based on interests and personal traits, taking much of the guesswork out of dating. Preferred Partners Dating operates in Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary and Vancouver.
Preferred Partners Contact:
Phone: 1 (866) 467 – 5252


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The largest, youngest, and fastest-growing minority group in the nation is also one of its most at risk for obesity and its related chronic diseases. Over the past decade, the Latino population in America has grown by more than 40 percent, and alarmingly, so have our waistlines. Nearly 40 percent of Latino children and teens are overweight, and more than 20 percent are obese.
The crisis has been looming for some time, but perhaps never before have we faced greater health or economic consequences than we do today. A new study, "Assessing the Economics of Obesity and Obesity Interventions," recently issued by the Campaign to End Obesity warns that if unchecked, the long-term costs of obesity such as more doctor visits, treatments, and hospitalizations starting at younger ages will overwhelm taxpayers, the federal budget and employers. Because Latinos are so disproportionately affected, our communities are bound to suffer to an even greater level.
The authors of this study, Michael O'Grady and James Capretta, two highly regarded economists, have closely examined the state of the obesity crisis. Their analysis accompanied by cogent recommendations offer a framework for how we as a nation can change the trajectory of this epidemic.
O'Grady and Capretta note that the U.S. currently spends about $147 billion annually on obesity. Under the most optimistic scenarios constructed by the nonpartisan and respected Congressional Budget Office, health care spending increases by about 3.6 percent a year. No matter how you look at it, the best research, they say, points to the obesity problem only getting worse in both human and financial terms.
Up to now, members of Congress and other policymakers have lacked the tools to measure the clinical effectiveness that comes from measuring the costs and potential cost savings of obesity prevention programs. Current economic models rely on a 10-year timeline to predict costs, the norm for government budgets. However, epidemiologists – experts that study the patterns of disease – view a disease and its course over the life of the patient. This gap between policy and science provides an incomplete picture of the real costs of chronic diseases. A 10-year window, the study finds, simply does not adequately show the economic benefits from programs that effectively manage chronic diseases.
We can bridge this gap by developing economic models that extend beyond 10 years such as the methods used by health policy experts to track the course of diseases. For example, studies can notice big benefits by avoiding diabetes related hospitalization for kidney disease or a heart attack. Truly, as the authors argue, the only way to give policymakers an accurate analysis of their policy options is to go beyond the traditional 10-year window and recommend that, in certain cases, Congress consider using cost estimates for legislation covering a 25-year period instead of just 10 years.
Regardless of how our nation got here, we need effective solutions to decreasing the obesity epidemic. In Congress, we have advocated for policies that improve and increase physical education, give our children a hands-on approach to nutrition education, and provide greater access to healthy foods in many underserved communities. First lady Michelle Obama has done an excellent job of raising obesity awareness by spearheading the Let's Move Initiative, but we need a comprehensive focus on prevention through all aspects of our health and education policies.
When it comes to obesity, we must begin to act with a sense of urgency. Maintaining the current status quo means locking America – and especially our Latino and other hard-hit minority communities – into a downward spiral of economic peril that we simply cannot afford. The recommendations made by O'Grady and Capretta are economically sound and provide workable solutions to battle obesity. This is a policy roadmap that offers some real light at the end of the tunnel – something all Americans should welcome.
Rep. Joe Baca, D-San Bernardino, represents California's 43rd District, is the Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Nutrition and Horticulture and has introduced numerous anti-obesity efforts in Congress such as H.R. 422, the Physical Education to Create a Healthier Nation Act, and H.R. 576, the Healthy Children Through School Nutrition Education Act.
Elena Rios, M.D., M.S.P.H. is president & CEO of the National Hispanic Medical Association and president of the National Hispanic Health Foundation.


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Hark the Glad Sound!
- Artist: Steve Eulberg
- Genre: Folk
- Release Date: 5/14/2002
Hark, the Glad Sound! Is Steve Eulberg's collection of instrumental tunes played by mountain dulcimer ensembles, backed by hammered dulcimer, guitar, recorders and various percussion. While the tunes are usually associated with the Advent season of preparation for Christmas, the sounds are fresh and welcome all year. Eulberg, 'a champion-ship caliber dulcimer player' (according to Dulcimer Players News), is hailed for this recording by reviewers and DJ's worldwide. It was also used as 'buttons' by National Public Radio during it's live broadcast. Reviewers say about 'Hark': 'This is a fresh, creative, and enchanting CD...The sounds are magical and in the hands of a dulcimer devotee, the music is magnificent. The sense is relaxing, meditative at times, contemplative and even has a New Age music sense in places.' Armand, Carnales, The Critical Review 'A thoughtful and well-researched suite of lesser known melodies that convey the mood, spirit and emotion of the season, not only the conscious leve, but also on the subconcious level so strongly that one, without any effort, begins to visulaize the pure, crystalline, silent landscapes of Winter with all the mystery, wonder and magic that we experienced as children.' --Paul Sadler III, Guitar and Hammered Dulcimer player for Michael Martin Murphy 'It is great listening no matter what time of the year...' --Dennis Denhartog, Folknotes.com 'A wonderful tapestry of familiar and not-so-familiar tunes.' -Larry Conger, 1998 National Mountain Dulcimer Champion 'music that can amazingly transform even an urban living room into a beautiful rural setting.' -Lily Wu, NYC.
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SPOKANE, Wash. – Washington and Idaho political leaders took to social media on Friday to respond to President Trump's strike on Syria.
President Trump ordered the cruise missile strike on a Syrian air base Thursday following a chemical weapons attack Syria launched on its own people on Tuesday. The chemical weapons attack killed 86 people.
The official Syrian Arab News Agency reported nine civilians were killed, including four children, when the missile strike hit the base and nearby villages. Reports state several others were injured.
Congresswoman Cathy McMorris Rodgers of Washington's Fifth District supported Trump's actions, calling them "responsible."
"I support the President's responsible action last night. Families should be able to go about their daily lives without fear of terrorism. For the Syrian people living under Assad's reign of terror, fear is their daily reality. With the administration's tactical military action last night, we demonstrate that the free world stands against these bad actors. I look forward to hearing more details from the White House and their engagement with Congress on any further action," McMorris Rodgers wrote.
Washington Senator Patty Murray also released a statement:
"The atrocities committed by the Assad regime are truly despicable, and a strong response from the United States and the international community to protect civilians is absolutely warranted. This problem will not be solved with a one-time show of force, and President Trump must now articulate his strategy to Congress and the American people."
Washington's other senator, Maria Cantwell, said the attack was appropriate:
"Last night's targeted strike on assets to stop Assad's chemical attack on innocent people, including children, was appropriate. The international community and U.N. should move more aggressively to counter Assad on his violation of Syria's obligations to get rid of their chemical weapons.
"The President must lay out a comprehensive strategy for the conflict in Syria that includes clear goals, diplomatic objectives, partnership with the international community, and dealing with the refugee crisis."With more than five million refugees that have fled Syria, more needs to be done by the U.S. and international community to provide humanitarian support."
Representative Raul Labrador of Idaho said the following:
"Like all Americans, I was appalled by the use of chemical weapons in Syria and heartbroken that so many innocent people fell victim in such a heinous way. The Syrian government's abuse of human rights is unacceptable and deserves a strong, thoughtful response from the United States and all civilized nations. However, our response must be in the best interests of the American people and approved by Congress through the deliberative process outlined in our Constitution.
"President Trump needs to have an active dialogue with Congress about not only yesterday's attack but also any further engagement in Syria. I agree with many of the points President Trump has made about Syria, but his policy will be more effective when it has strong, informed, and bipartisan support in Congress. The American people would benefit from a more active debate about the possible risks and benefits of U.S. intervention in Syria."I encourage our Leadership to call us back to Congress so we can debate whether additional military action might be needed to advance the security of the American people."
Idaho Senator Mike Crapo states his support of President Trump's decision to strike:
"The brutality of the Syrian regime seems to know no bounds. I support the President's decisive actions to prevent further use of chemical weapons against innocent women, men, and children and from allowing those from falling into the hands of terrorists. I send my gratitude to the men and women of America's armed forces fighting our enemies abroad. Let us also keep in our minds the memory of the victims of al-Assad's attacks as the United States and our allies fight the spread of terrorism."


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Tag: #Canada150
Updated on June 10, 2017
Canada is 150: Celebrate with Color – and Win!
Did you know that Canada is celebrating it's 150th birthday this year? I am very proud of my American (and Irish) heritage, and as a child living in the Boston area during the 1976 United States Bicentennial I… Read More


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Former District Judge Richard McLean and his attorney wife, Edith Stevens, did not fabricate evidence in the infamous Boulder land-grab case, a judge ruled Monday.
In fact, evidence shows that McLean and Stevens had clearly used the land they obtained from neighbors Don and Susie Kirlin under Colorado's "adverse possession" law, said Boulder District Judge James Klein.
The Kirlins claimed that McLean and Stevens had created a dirt path across the Kirlins' property in Boulder and lied about using it for 20 years.
The Kirlins presented aerial photos supposedly backing their claim. But Klein wrote: ". . . These photos completely contradict the allegations of the defendants."
Stevens said Monday that she was happy with the judge's ruling. "We're pleased the court looked at the evidence in the case and made its decision."
Susie Kirlin said she and her husband presented overwhelming evidence that the path across their land was created after McLean and Stevens had filed their lawsuit in 2006.
"We are shocked the judge refused to hold a hearing, disregarded the expert's analysis and claimed he could see the path in a 2003 aerial photo that not even McLean and Stevens argued showed the path," Susie Kirlin said.
The case, in which the same judge ruled that McLean and Stevens were entitled to about a third of the Kirlin's million-dollar lot, led to legislation this year that makes it tougher to take land through adverse possession.
In his ruling, Klein noted the controversy the case has generated but how he was required, by law, to make his original ruling.
". . . The court is bound by its oath of office to apply the law to the facts presented to it, despite the fact that its rulings, and the law that it is required to follow, may be controversial and/or unpopular in the community."
The case is still pending with the Colorado Court of Appeals.
Monte Whaley: 720-929-0907 or firstname.lastname@example.com