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The release Sunday of a survey naming former Penn State University President Graham Spanier the highest paid public college president for 2011-12 was not a shock. In fact, it wasn't new information. That fact had been reported in previous years as well.
What came as a shock was the reminder that Spanier, fired over his handling of the Jerry Sandusky sex abuse scandal, was paid more in severance than his peers earn for fair and honest management of colleges.
The Chronicle of Higher Education's annual ranking of public college presidents' earnings said Spanier's $2.9 million pay, which included $1.2 million in severance and $1.2 million in deferred compensation, put him well ahead of his peers when he left Penn State in November 2011.
Spanier, who led the college for 16 years, is awaiting trial on criminal charges of perjury, obstruction, endangering the welfare of children, failure to properly report suspected child abuse and conspiracy stemming from administrators' handling of sex abuse allegations against Sandusky, the university's former assistant football coach.
The exorbitant salary and severance is an affront to Pennsylvania families paying tuition at Penn State and to others who seek post-high school education but can't afford to attend a four-year college or university. Penn State has the highest tuition for a public university in the nation. Pennsylvania's least expensive four-year college costs more than the average of all state schools in the country.
And yet we pay the head of a state university more than any other state, even with criminal charges and the most destructive scandal ever involving a public university hanging over his head.
Spanier's salary was more than double the median compensation of $441,392 for public college presidents. He was one of four chief executives to surpass the $1 million threshold in 2011-12.
Previously, his ranking at the top of the scale was explained by the complexity of the institution with 24 campuses and 96,000 students. That stature fell to rock bottom in the wake of charges against Sandusky for the rape of young boys, including attacks on university property.
Spanier has been portrayed as covering up allegations against Sandusky to protect the university reputation. Charged along with him in the alleged coverup are former athletic director Tim Curley and former university vice president Gary Schultz.
Spanier of course has not been proven guilty and he has vigorously denied the charges.
But even without the taint of the Sandusky scandal, Spanier was overpaid. The notion that a public university president makes such an exorbitant salary at a time when many Pennsylvanians can't afford college is wrong.
Penn State was founded as a public land grant institution offering opportunity for higher education to young people of "the industrial classes." In the past few decades, Penn State has become an internationally renowned school of learning, research and innovation. But with in-state tuition of $15,562 per year it has priced itself out of reach of many of the citizens for whom it was founded.
Salaries of Spanier and other university executives are part of the reason for that high tuition. It could have once been argued that the cost was fair considering the reputation of Penn State.
With the compensation afforded Spanier for building that reputation comes the responsibility for being at the helm when it was tarnished. He shouldn't be paid nearly $3 million for that travesty.


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The global wind industry installed just over 41,000 megawatts (MW) of wind power capacity in 2011, a 21% increase in global installed capacity, according to a report released on February 7 by the Global Wind Energy Council. This brings the total installed capacity globally to more than 238,000 MW. About 75 countries worldwide have commercial wind power installations, with 22 of them already passing the 1 gigawatt (GW) level. New markets in Latin America, Africa, and Asia are driving the market, the report said.
China has solidified its position as global market leader, with a cumulative capacity of more than 62,000 MW, despite having faced a challenging year. The U.S. wind sector rebounded from a tough 2010 with installations of more than 6,800 MW in 2011. Canada reported a record year in 2011, surpassing the 5,000 MW mark. See the Global Wind Energy Council press release.

subset: commoncrawl


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UH Hilo Competes in Ag Marketing CompetitionUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Hilo
Professor of Agricultural Economics
Alyson Kakugawa-Leong, (808) 974-7642
The University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management's student chapter of the National Agri-Marketing Association competed in the recent 2003 NAMA Student Agricultural Marketing Competition in San Diego, California.
Representing UH Hilo were aquaculture major Cristin Gallagher, agribusiness major Lori Aoki and philosophy major Annette Niebelski. The trio devised and presented a marketing plan for a unique beef product, Aloha Beef.
"The competition was tough this year," said UH Hilo Professor of Agricultural Economics Dr. Sabry Shehata, the Hilo chapter NAMA advisor. "We did not make it to the semifinals this year as we have in past years."
UH Hilo's pool of five included the University of Arizona, University of Minnesota-St. Paul, California Polytechnic Institute-San Luis Obispo and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Cal Poly advanced to the semifinals with Wisconsin coming in second and UH Hilo third.
University of Guelph from Ontario, Canada won the overall competition, with Wisconsin finishing second, Virginia Tech placing third and Michigan State rounding out the top four.
"Where we finished in the competition was less important than the experience of the competition itself and the opportunities the students capitalized on to network with others," Shehata said. "The communication and marketing skills gained from this experience will look great on a resume."
Shehata noted that not all of the UH Hilo NAMA team could afford the high out-of-pocket cost to attend the event, but that Ryan Kiriu, Chad Both and Rosie Hatori also contributed as team members to the presenters.
NAMA is a student group that meets every semester and are seeking new members who wish to learn the business skills necessary to prepare and present an agribusiness marketing plan. All majors are welcome.
For more information, contact Shehata at (808) 933-0856 or e-mail email@example.com.


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Even more tragic is the fact that some of these losses might well have been prevented with the right kind of landscape design, irrigation and maintenance.
When it comes to wildfires, those of us in the landscape business can make a big difference. Rolland Kuhr, owner of Naturescape Designs in Jackson, Wyoming, is a firewise landscape contractor, landscape architect, arborist, and consulting arborist. He points to the recent Colorado wildfire for telling examples of what can go wrong…and what can go right. In that fire, called the Waldo fire, 346 homes were destroyed, with property damage of $110 million.
"I saw lots of pictures of the wildfires in the mountains here in the West," Kuhr declares. "But there was one particularly striking aerial photo. It was one lone house in the middle of the forest, surrounded by a green, irrigated lawn. Everything around this house had been blackened by fire. But this one house, where they did everything right, was still standing."
"Hold on," you may be saying, "Isn't that what I already do? Design landscapes, irrigate them and maintain them?" Not exactly. To truly call yourself a firewise landscaper, you need to design, irrigate, and maintain in a way that both maximizes beauty and minimizes fire danger.
In a nutshell, you need to design with defensible space in mind, and choose fire-retardant and fire-resistant plants. You need to irrigate to keep lawns, plants and trees green, even when nature wants to make them brown. And you need to maintain your customers' landscapes so that dead branches, needles and dry leaves won't become fuel for a conflagration.
With drought conditions and high temperatures continuing to scorch much of the nation, offering firewise design, irrigation, and maintenance is more critical than ever. Nor should one underestimate the scope of the problem. While massive fires like the Waldo blaze get the headlines, thousands of smaller fires are just as dangerous to your customers' homes and properties.
Despite fire danger, people want to live in 'natural' surroundings. A home in the middle of a forest, or on a hillside with a spectacular view, can be an irresistible draw to those who can afford it. But natural doesn't always mean 'good for humans.' People forget that periodic wildfire is also natural.
How can one minimize the hazards of living in the forest or on a wooded hillside, while creating a beautifully landscaped environment? Design, irrigate, and maintain using zone theory.
Douglas Kent, of Douglas Kent & Associates in Orange, California, is a landscape architect, landscape contractor, and ornamental horticulturalist. He's the author of four books, among them Firescaping: Creating Fire-Resistant Landscapes, Gardens, and Properties in California's Diverse Environments (Wilderness Press, 2005).
Kent is an expert on zone theory.
He says that the concept was created in the early 1960s in response to the 1961 Bel Air fire in Los Angeles, California. That fire torched 484 homes, burning up a set of canyons on the west side of the city and down the other side. In the wake of the destruction, its cause and spread were carefully analyzed.
"The principles of zone theory," Kent says, "basically, are these: next to a structure, you use fire-retardant plants—real water-needy ones. As you move further out from the structure, you use fire-resistant plants.
They have more adaptations to live with fire." In effect, you are creating zones of defensible space around the dwelling.
"If I had a magic wand, everyone would have 100 feet of defensible space that was lush and green around their property," said Sarah Foster, Washington State liaison for Firewise Communities. "It would make it so much easier for firefighters."
In reality, however, such a separation is rare.
"You want to have a clearance of about ten feet away from a structure, minimum," says Kuhr. "Next, you want to have defensible space that is green, a minimum of 30 feet from the structure. You can still have foundation plantings next to the building and surround that with, a nice, green lawn."
"You want to keep a yard like a park, not a forest," says Foster. "You want healthy, green grass and healthy plants that are separated from one another, so flames can't jump. You don't want to allow flames to get up into a tree. That's called a ladder. Once flames reach the top of the tree, the fire becomes a crown fire (fire in the top branches of a tree). It's very, very difficult to control when that happens. If you can keep a fire on the ground, you really give firefighters a chance."
Along with creating defensible space, a firewise landscape contractor will choose firewise plants for his customer. "Living in fire country doesn't mean that people have to have rocks for 30 feet around a house," says Foster.
No plant is fireproof. "Every plant will become flammable at some point," says Kent. "What you want are plants that are fire-resistant and fire-retardant—plants that are only going to sizzle when you throw 2000 degrees at them."
Kent suggests succulents, calla lilies and impatiens, plants that are water-needy or water-retaining.
Many fire-resistant plants are natives that may actually burst into flame but they still resist the effects of fire. "They may ignite fast but let the fire pass through them," says Kent. "They're quick to re-sprout in the wake of the fire. In fact, they may actually need fire to sprout." Foster counsels the use of plants that don't have fire-feeding oils or tannins. These plants are fire-retardant, but can still make a landscape beautiful. "There are a lot of fire-retardant plants that grow well in lots of climates, and still have color and texture."
As far as trees are concerned, Foster recommends planting deciduous trees that grow quickly. The quicker the growth, the more likely that a fire will not become a crown fire, since the crown will be higher above the ground. There's one other big category of fire-retardant/resistant vegetation to consider: garden food plants and fruit trees.
"Anything from perennial and annual crops all the way to trees and shrubs," says Kent. "Fruit trees, when they're properly maintained, are the most fire-retardant plants we can grow. Their structure's not very flammable at all."
Whatever plant material you choose, you want to keep it green, especially in times of significant fire danger. Proper irrigation is so vital.
By now, you may have noticed a conflict between two very worthy goals—water conservation and fire resistance. This summer, we had unprecedented drought through much of the country. Those dry conditions contributed to wildfires. Water is scarce, and we need to conserve it. At the same time, we want to keep things green—and that takes water. The key is to strike a balance between those two seemingly diametrically-opposed ideals.
It is possible to split the difference. If you're in an area that's prone to shortages, suggest some basic water conservation ideas, such as using storage barrels for reclaiming rainwater when it does rain. (Those water barrels can come in handy during a fire, too.) Or irrigating with recycled water, or graywater. Using the latest smart controllers that only waters when it's necessary. And when there are fire warnings and watches issued by the authorities, don't skimp on watering.
You can be proactive with your customers when it comes to being firewise. Even if you're not part of the initial planning of a landscape, you can still help homeowners protect their property. The perfect time is when you're doing routine maintenance.
Walk the property with the homeowner. Point out dead trees or woody masses, and explain to him how dangerous they are. "Most fires start on properties through flying embers, 'firebrands,'" says Kent. "A little spark finds a bed of material to ignite. Now, a fire may last only a couple of hours, but a firebrand can last for days. There are so many stories like this—a fire roars through a community, then is put out. Later, a home that survived the initial fire is torched by a firebrand, because it landed in a pile of something highly ignitable and off it went."
The moral of the story is, "Don't give it that pile of ignitable material."
Perhaps the best way to spot potential danger on a client's property is to do what Kent suggests and "be the fire." That means trying to think like a fire. Ask yourself the key questions as you survey the property. If I were a wildfire, where would I go? What's the easiest path for me to achieve my goal of getting bigger, harder to stop and consuming everything in sight?
That's where maintenance makes all the difference. "It's all about maintenance. In my opinion, maintenance is fire prevention," says Kent. "A plant-less landscape is only going to get you so far. It's getting out there and doing the maintenance. It's absolutely critical."
"Keep the trees pruned, so they aren't loaded with dead branches—that's just fuel," said Kuhr.
"You want to keep a landscape lean, clean and green," agrees Foster. "If you have a major storm during the winter, you have to go out in the spring and get rid of the debris. It may simply be a matter of going out every spring and pruning the trees up so that you have six to ten feet of separation between those layers, with no low-hanging branches."
Kuhr mentions something else, something that's easily overlooked—decks.
"People don't realize that pine needles and other junk accumulate under there," said Kuhr. "What you want to have underneath a deck is rocks or bare soil. Put down a weed-control fabric, then cover it with wash rock or crush. If a fire starts in a tree, it can follow a root system. If it leads to a pile of duff (accumulated flammable debris), it can start a fire and burn that deck." And, the building attached.
The three parts of the landscape contractor's job—design, irrigation and maintenance—are the same three that go into becoming a firewise landscape contractor. All three of them need to work together in harmony, keeping fire prevention in the forefront. Remember them and implement them from a firewise point of view, and you'll keep those home fires from burning.


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Sweetwater High School to host Community Book Fair
Book Club members from Sweetwater High School will host a Book Fair from Scholastic from Monday, Nov. 14 through Friday, Nov. 18, 2011, to help raise funds for library projects. Student volunteers from the newly formed Book Club have helped to plan the fair and will also help run it.The book fair will be open each day from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. and feature a wide range of books for everyone from pre-school to adults, including mystery and adventure novels, fantasy trilogies, sports guides and the latest bestsellers from more than 150 publishers. Parents, children, teachers and the community are invited to attend.On Tuesday, Nov. 15, from 5-7 p.m., the book fair will feature a special community event. The school will be showcasing students who are involved in AVID and various clubs on the Sweetwater High School campus. "Our Book Club is working very hard to put on a great book fair event - one that promotes literacy and reading, while at the same time raising money for much-needed school resources," said Pam Lawrence, librarian and Book Club sponsor at Sweetwater High School.Sponsorships are available. Area businesses interested in making a donation are asked to contact Pam Lawrence at (325) 235-4371 ext. 801.Proceeds from the fair will also be used to purchase e-books and library resources for student use.


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the second round has just started but it has been far better than 2002 put together & with the big sides likely to be in the quarter-finals and beyond it should be better than 98.
the second round has just started but it has been far better than 2002 put together & with the big sides likely to be in the quarter-finals and beyond it should be better than 98.
This has been the best of the three that I can remember. '98 was okay... but nothing special, and '02 was boring.
MSN - email@example.com
Manchester United FC: 20 Times
R.I.P. Sledger's Signature, 2004-2008
I enjoyed '98 loads, was my first World Cup. 2002 was only lit up by the Asian dimension, the fact that Argentina and France went out early on (though highly amusing) did nothing for the competition.
As LE has said, a World Cup does not really come alive until the knock out stages.
From the 'Round of 16' matches that have taken place so far, it promises much.
Nigel Clough's Black and White Army, beating Forest away with 10 men
World Cup so far has been damn excellent for me.. It's a worldcup that i will remember for a long long time, not just because Australia is playing but the excitement that i have been through watching there games..
Aussie games have created quite a lot of hype around media and throught the country, so all these makes me say that it has been one of the best..
Personally didnt prefer last worldcup, and in all honesty i thought 98 was much better than the last WorldCup but this worldcup takes over all the others..
Member of the AAAS
Member of CW Green | Stedingham Jets Grade Cricket Team | Northside Power
Manager of South Australia (WCC)
Winner of AFL Tipping 2006 | Winner of Wimbeldon Prediction 2006
I've really enjoyed it. Less ***** - decent ratio than the past few for me.
Member of the Rosalie Birch Appreciation Society (RBAS)
Member of CVAAS - go Joe
You're a ghost la la la la la la la la laaa
You're a ghost la la la la la la la la laaa
I'm the church and I've come
To claim you with my iron drum
la la la la la la la la la la
The wolves are running..
Great world cup so far and good to see that after 2002 and Euro 2004 the big teams are back on top. Some very good Football along with some simply obsurd matches.
This WC just suddenly got a lot worse
If I only just posted the above post, please wait 5 mins before replying as there will be edits
West Robham Rabid Wolves Caedere lemma quod eat lemma
Why Australia got knocked out, they played **** football, could not defend and fouled constantly. Only good for the tournament that Italy progressed.Originally Posted by Goughy
It was a terrible injustice obviously, but I still think it's been a wonderful tournament so far. Hopefully Italy get a few disallowed goals against Switzerland and lose on penalties.Originally Posted by Goughy
Last edited by FaaipDeOiad; 26-06-2006 at 12:02 PM.
It's cold on the outside they say
But the cold leaves you clear while the heat leaves a haze
Why would I want Italy to go through? Historically everything I hate about football has been prominent in Italian football.Originally Posted by TT Boy
Slow, defensive games
Professional fouls (holding shirts etc)
Cynical fouls
Diving...sorry simulation
100 sideways passes
I could go on.
Apart from the Argentinians, the Italians are the team I dislike the most. They have heavily corrupted the game.
By the same token does that mean we are partly to blame for the holocaust considering we created the idea and method of the concentration camp?Originally Posted by Goughy
Individuals corrupted the game of football not nations.
Last edited by TT Boy; 26-06-2006 at 12:23 PM.
A little over dramatic dont you thinkOriginally Posted by TT Boy
No, neither do. Culture does.Originally Posted by TT Boy
What's up - trying to invent the world's first C_C magnet?Originally Posted by TT Boy
I have no idea what you are on about but there was a raison dêtre for the theatrical nature of my post.Originally Posted by luckyeddie
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Fall has arrived, and I am determined to enjoy it fully. Last week my wonderful friend, Patt Hampton, and I went to the Brushy Mountain to get apples. We each got a huge box, and shared them with our children.
Fall has arrived, and I am determined to enjoy it fully. Last week my wonderful friend, Patt Hampton, and I went to the Brushy Mountain to get apples. We each got a huge box, and shared them with our children.
I tried the caramel apple pound cake recipe that my sister-in-law, Elizabeth Minton, gave me. It is absolutely delicious. The recipe is sort of long, so email me if you would like a copy of it. My Halloween decorations are impatiently waiting until the first of October to be displayed. I have also been busy knitting scarves in fall and winter colors.
Grandsons Carter and Grayson have been taking ice skating lessons. Grayson, age 7, was not thrilled at the idea of taking lessons, but he really wants to play ice hockey, so he is enduring them. He is the more athletic of the two. Carter, age 12, seems to enjoy skating, but he would much rather be creating or playing a computer game.
This seems like a good time to remind everyone to have your car's timing belt checked, especially if your car has over 60,000 miles on it. Do not learn the hard way that timing belts can ruin your car when they break.
Club enjoyed successful time at fair
The Welcome Civitan had a very successful week at the Davidson County fair. The club wishes to thank everyone who supported the Civitan members by eating at their booth at the fair.
The Oct. 3 meeting of the club will be a ladies night with the installation of new officers for the coming year. It will be held in the Christian Fellowship Center at Center Methodist Church in Welcome.
Woman wins Seniors Country Store prize
Congratulations to Betty Snyder, who won the $10 gift certificate at the recent drawing at the Seniors Country Store. The store would like to thank everyone who helped make the yard sale a big success.
A fall festival will be held at the store on Oct. 19, so mark the date on your calendar. There will be refreshments and door prizes. New fall items are arriving, so be sure to visit soon. The store is open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday.
North library offers story time for kids
North Davidson Public Library continues to offer fall story times for preschoolers at 10:30 a.m. on Wednesdays and Thursdays. These are opportunities for young ones to develop early reading skills while having fun. School-age story time is at 3:30 p.m. on Tuesday afternoons. The book club, led by Elaine Craver, will meet next at 1 p.m. Oct. 4.
Local Boy Scouts visit a camp in Virginia
Troop 238 Boy Scouts Andrew Coppley, Brett Dorwart, Chase Wagner, Colin Seymour, Dalton Byrd, Eric McCrary,Garret Richardson, Garrett Spencer, Jack Knox, Jamie Ward, Joey White, Mason Hamilton, Matthew Richardson, Noah Carter, Owen Macias, Samuel Wooten, Ty Holcomb and Will Walser camped in Damascus, Va., and rode the Creeper Trail bike route Sept. 14 and 15.
Family plans reunion at local church
Jonathan Spangler will be at Bethesda United Methodist Church during the Sunday school hour starting at 10 a.m. .
The annual reunion of the Old Jacob Wagner family will be held on Oct. 6. There will be a covered dish meal, beginning around 1 p.m., a group picture, activities for children and memories of current and past family members. On Saturday, interested family members can meet at Bethesda at 2 p.m. for a tour of local cemeteries. For more information, contact John or Pat Essick at 249-8249.
Church to host former principal as speaker
Pilgrim Reformed will have the Rev. Kevin Firquin as guest speaker this Sunday. . Oct. 6 will be Pilgrim Friends Day. All friends are invited to attend the worship service at 10:30 a.m. with the Rev. Steve Disher bringing the morning message.
Lunch of hot dogs and hamburgers will follow. From 12:30 to 1:30 p.m., the band Anytime Two will have music out on the front lawn. Bring yard chairs and enjoy the music. There will also be games and lots of fellowship.
The Pilgrim congregation would like to extend sympathy to the family of Ralph Burkhart, who passed away Sept. 21. Sympathy is also extended to the family of Edith Ward Truitt, who passed away Sept. 24. She was one of the oldest members of the church and had attended church last month.
Patt's Pointers
My fantastic friend, Patt Hampton, reminded me that you can keep nuts fresh much longer by keeping them in the freezer. She also said that you can tell how old an egg is by placing the egg in a pan of cold water. If it lies on its side, it is fresh. If it tilts at an angle, it is three or four days old, and if it stands upright, it is probably about 10 days old. It an egg floats to the top, it is too old and should not be used.
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Women's R-Gear Pure Plush BeanieItem #RRU2056
VIP:$13.49 Get This Price
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Women's ROAD RUNNER SPORTS PURE PLUSH BEANIE :: Put a lid on those chilly fall days with the soft comfort and cute relaxed fit of the Women's Road Runner Sports Pure Plush Beanie. You'll lock in toasty warmth with the plush fleece material that's moisture wicking to keep your head in maximum comfort on those build-up-a-sweat workouts. Plus, you'll love the no-bulk seaming design and relaxed fit that'll make you feel stylish whether you're striding strong or just strutting around town.
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I use this hat when I go for a run and its cold or just when its cold. Its stylish, soft, not tight (I usually cannot wear a hat for long because it gets uncomfortable). This hat I can wear and it doesn't bother me at all.
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Xenograte Community Toolkit is based on Xenograte, a platform which enables users to manage and orchestrate worker processes, and easily design the flow of data shared among them. Xenograte works either on one server or across multiple servers/clouds. The Toolkit provides a CLI and other resources for building, testing, and debugging worker processes, in Ruby, on a single machine. You can then easily weave these worker processes together into powerful integrations or automations.
A command-line network analysis workbench.
A tool for comparing and merging files and directories.


text:
Release Year: 2010
Cast: Sydney Thomas
Genres: All Sex, Reality, Straight
Video language: English
Another week of Money talks has arrived. In this episode Havoc encounters a big titty mama with plenty of milk to lactate on and lick her hot friends tits. Next some foolish spring breakers get maced in the face as they attempt to go out for a football pass. It would not be spring break without some hot chic flashing her boobs. So Havoc pays some sexy babe to bare us her twins as well as get a pic of that nice round butt. On the main event our crew is having difficulties checking into a room they had reserved on their trip. They are stuck in the lobby of their hotel so what else are they gonna do but have a lil fun. Their is this lil beauty doing her best to accommodate our crew but our crew needs a special kind of attention. With a little green persuasion we have this babe baring us all and as she shows us to our room she shows Jmac how nice the bed is....
Format: mp4
Duration: 1:05:09
Video: 768x432, AVC (H.264), 1468kbps
Audio: 31kbps
File size: 717.6 MB


text: Architecture http://hdl.handle.net/10464/28 2018-05-27T23:54:24Z East Academic (September 2003) http://hdl.handle.net/10464/903 East Academic (September 2003) 2009-03-03T19:51:31Z Academic South and North http://hdl.handle.net/10464/902 Academic South and North 2009-03-03T19:50:55Z Academic South and North ( September 2002) http://hdl.handle.net/10464/901 Academic South and North ( September 2002) The Academic South and Academic North buildings are located at the west end of campus. The 80 000 square-foot facilities include the Computer Commons, several multimedia lecture halls, office space, state-of-the-art labs, a food court, and student meeting space. The complex included some of the most modern technology, including broadband Internet video conferencing that enabled real-time visual contact between professors, students, and researchers from around the world. 2009-03-03T19:50:15Z Walker Complex (April 2002) http://hdl.handle.net/10464/900 Walker Complex (April 2002) The complex was comprised of the new Student/Community Health and Fitness Centre and the state-of-the-art health club called The Zone, in addition to encompassing the existing physical education facilities. Among the new facilities was a 23 000-square-foot gymnasium, which boasted four basketball courts and a 200-meter, three-lane elevated track. The building was named after Walker Industries Holdings, a Thorold firm that was the key donor to the project. 2009-03-03T19:49:23Z


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Iranian envoy visits Cuba
HAVANA, Cuba (AFP) — An Iranian presidential envoy has arrived in Cuba for the second such visit in less than a year, the Foreign Ministry said Tuesday, in a sign of close ties between two foes of the United States.
Iran's vice president for international relations, Ali Saeidlo, arrived Monday night in Havana as a special envoy of President Mahmud Ahmadinejad for talks with Cuban officials.
In May 2012, Saeidlo visited Cuba to deliver an invitation from Ahmadinejad for President Raul Castro to attend the summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, which was held in Tehran in August.
Then, Saeidlo met with Vice President Jose Ramon Machado and the two countries confirmed their desire to enhance already strong bilateral relations.
Ahmadinejad himself visited Havana in January of last year.
Havana supports Iran's right to develop nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, while Tehran is against the trade embargo the US has maintained against communist Cuba for the past 50 years.
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Someone needs to make him an award.
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Someone needs to make him an award.
Why did I have a feeling he was going to reply and say something stupid.
I, unlike Supre, have not been exploring that for years. I had not heard of it until your posting of it right now. Thank you for sharing that with us.
- Matt
A small downside I saw with HTDA is: I watched the wk1 broadcast with utter amazement. The next week I saw the show at Coachella. When I saw it on tv, you were essentially center stage and like the triangle part of the show, she was in the middle and it really worked. At the live show i was somewhat off to the side and the show wasn't quite as spectacular. It's like that at a lot of visual shows so really no big difference i guess .. cr****
HTDA is definitely a band where you need to actually be able to see the stage from a decent perspective, the sound was crisp at The Fox, but it was so crowded, I know I would rather see that show in assigned seating.
I was luckily in the middle of the floor at the Fox, although I wish I was taller.
Eric Avery will not be joining NIN on their upcoming tour.
Danny Lohner replacement?
Trent Reznor
I / we get it and love you, Eric. While we're sure going to miss having you along for this adventure I personally cannot wait to hear more great stuff from you...
Eric Avery
its with very mixed emotions i tell you all that im pulling out of NIN. i know. its been a tough call and i don't know if its the right one. but i really want to focus on my musical life here in la, on film work in particular. as the tour dates kept growing… i just got overwhelmed. i just got home from a year of heavy travel with garbage, the idea of leaving town for another year and a half, and with all the intensity that nails demands… fortunately my friend Trent understands all this and appreciated my pulling the plug now instead of deep into 2013 and 14. go get em gentlemen.
The good news is it sounds like they are going to do some very heavy touring. Not just some festivals and a handful of dates.
I think they said that from the get go that there would be an arena tour to follow.
I know Eric Avery can slappadabass, but when I saw NIN/JA in Phoenix I saw him deliberately hock a huge loogie at some fan. I don't know what the fan did to deserve it, but it was fucking disgusting and repulsive. Haven't liked him since.
Have they said anything about tying this tour to the 20th anniversary of the Downward Spiral?
Robin Finck has returned to join NIN
I am proud to announce that the tour lineup now includes the incredible Robin Finck. The addition of Robin to the mix of players I've assembled makes this band incredibly powerful and versatile. We are deep in the rehearsal process and it feels exciting and great to be back at this. Lots of information, surprises and sweat headed your way. Stay tuned!
Why he wasn't in from the start is what I want to know.
That is awesome and makes me want to see them that much more.
I second this enthusiasm ^^^
Fuck yes!!!!!!!!
New album this year!
, "I've been less than honest about what I've really been up to lately. For the last year I've been secretly working non-stop with Atticus Ross and Alan Moulder on a new, full-length Nine Inch Nails record, which I am happy to say is finished and frankly fucking great. This is the real impetus and motivation behind the decision to assemble a new band and tour again. My forays into film, HTDA and other projects really stimulated me creatively and I decided to focus that energy on taking Nine Inch Nails to a new place. Here we go!"
Fuck yes indeed!
not nearly as big as a fanatic as some here but this is really exciting news to me
after being totally blown away by HTDA im all in for this.
Cannot wait.
Whoa, awesome.


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The One and Only Betty Carter
By: Legacy Staff
4 years ago
Jazz singer Betty Carter, who died 15 years ago today, was such an unmatchable vocalist that fellow singer Carmen McRae once commented, "There's really only one jazz singer – only one: Betty Carter."
The legendary chanteuse entered the jazz world late, toward the end of the era when big bands were king, but her timing allowed her to stand out. One of the last great big band vocalists, she became known for her breathy style and masterful scatting. And she was more than a Grammy-winning singer – she was a businesswoman who founded her own record label, Bet-Car Records, and an educator who loved sprinkling lessons about jazz history into her concerts at colleges and universities.
As singular as Betty Carter was, she produced some of her most enduring work when she got together with other jazz greats. Collaboration has always been a cornerstone of jazz, and Carter embraced it when she performed with fellow legends Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis and more. Here are a few of our favorite tracks from Betty Carter and her friends:
Carter's big break came from vibraphonist and bandleader Lionel Hampton. When she joined his band in 1948 she gained a wide audience and lots of name recognition. But the two stars didn't always get along – Carter wasn't crazy about his swing style, and Hampton didn't like the way she improvised with scat singing. In less than three years working together, Hampton fired Carter seven times … but he kept bringing her back, because their music just sounded so good.
When Carter left Hampton's band for good, she was a well-known singer who began getting gigs with lots of other successful musicians. One was King Pleasure, whose skill at vocal improvisation rivaled Carter's own. Their duet on "Red Top" is a unique treat.
With pianist Ray Bryant and the Ray Bryant Trio, Carter recorded new takes on classic standards.
Perhaps Carter's best-known collaboration was with R&B legend Ray Charles. They toured together and recorded beautiful duets such as the chart-topping "Baby, It's Cold Outside."
No matter who she sang with, Betty Carter brought her own inimitable style to the music – and made us forget there were ever any other jazz singers.
Written by Linnea Crowther


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I know, right?
It is virutally impossible to detect Dihydroxen Monoxide once it gets into the ground water.
It's pretty easy to run water through a gas chromatograph / mass spec and see if it has anything other than water in it, and how much of that stuff it has. A bit harder to figure out exactly what the pollutant is, but if you have a sample of the fracking water it's easy to look at the peaks the fracking water has and see if they appear in the drinking water even if you don't know the identity of the chemicals.
Nothing changed. That area has had methane in the ground water since long before fracking ever happened.
Nothing changed. That area has had methane in the ground water since long before fracking ever happened.
this article only talks about the fracking chemicals being leaked into the groundwater... it does not mention the other problem with fracking, which is that it causes fault lines to shift and ruptures in the ground due to increased pressure. the latter is what causes methane to leak into the groundwater, which then gets into drinking water. methane is not one of the fracking chemicals, and therefore the study didnt mention it.
Fracking wells themselves are too deep for that to matter very much, also the pressure of fracking is momentary, much more like blasting in a mine. The problem you describe is more likely to be caused by a brine-injection well, which is done at shallower depths and is intended for long-term storage of the injected brine at pressure. I know, we've had several small earthquakes here in NE Ohio resulting from improperly operated brine injection wells.
People seem unable to read papers any longer. This is especially true of the news media. The study on earthquakes repeatedly pointed out that there was NO evidence that fracking itself led to earthquakes. It said that the practice of pumping the toxic waste from fracking into deep wells for disposal, a common, but not universal practice, could and did lead to quakes.
Back in the mid 1960s Colorado experienced a series of quakes, some strong enough to cause damage. Those earthquakes were tracked to the use of deep well disposal at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. The well was used for disposal of chemical warfare agents (toxic gases and their components). The strongest was felt quite strongly in Trinidad, CO, some 200 miles south of the well. I grew up there and felt it personally. This led to the discontinuation of this disposal method [wikipedia.org].
I am simply amazed that half a century after this well documented and researched event that it seems to have been forgotten.
Coincidence is not causality.
Old underground fuel tanks, factories, ag chemicals, dry cleaners, the list of potential causes goes on and on. Not to mention that the the oil industry got it's start in that area because crude oil was bubbling up in springs and wells and at least one spring in the area has had flammable water from methane contamination since the area was settled or invaded if one must be politically correct.
It's pretty easy to run water through a gas chromatograph / mass spec and see if it has anything other than water in it, and how much of that stuff it has.
I do MS and MS data interpretation on a regular basis and I need to point out to you that you are oversimplifying the situation. MS detection is limited by - at the very least - two important factors; the ion source and the ion detector. If you don't know what compounds you are looking for, you may well not be able to ionize them using any of your common methods (water and most alcohols are great examples of this; they usually are shed in the ionization process). Similarly if you don't know the appropri
The way I read it (yes, I read the article) is that they put a marker of some kind into the chemical brew being slugged into the ground, and found no sign of that marker in ground water. Now obviously there are still questions to be raised, but still, in and of itself, this seems a pretty reasonable way to determine groundwater contamination.
It depends on the marker that they use. If the marker is something that is not as soluble or emulates the characteristic of the fracking recipe. You also have the problem of how they injected the marker versus how they normally proceed. A concern was that they were more careful in projects where they were injecting the marker rather than how they normally do business. Finally, Pennsylvania is not the only place they do fracking different soils and naturally occurring fault lines were major concerns.
The way I read it (yes, I read the article) is that they put a marker of some kind into the chemical brew being slugged into the ground, and found no sign of that marker in ground water. Now obviously there are still questions to be raised, but still, in and of itself, this seems a pretty reasonable way to determine groundwater contamination.
How is that even reasonable? Why not measure the actual contaminants and check elevation levels?
Here's a question that immediately comes up for me: What if the markers have different rock/soil permeability compared to the chemicals used in fracking? Are those markers closely enough in characteristics to the chemicals used as to be valid for purposes of testing exposure/pollution?
How about another one - why is the DoE doing this test as opposed to the EPA (who are likely more versed in measuring pullution)?
Not testing the presence of the actual chemicals/pollutants doesn't pass the sniff test for me. Something stinks here.
If you would RTFA, you would notice that they're not just testing the drinking water for ytterbium contamination, they are using seismographic technologies to watch the spread of liquids in the fracking boreholes. That's how they can tell that one well's liquids migrated 1,800 feet from the target region (which is also noted to still be around a mile below the surface and far from any drinking water).
It is nearly impossible to do a study where you watch for every conceivable chemical that ever has or ever could exist.
No it isn't. You just take out the water, take out the normal minerals found in ground water, and then see what is left. What they found was that nothing was left. Which is exactly what they should have expected. Methane is far more mobile than any fracking chemicals, and was unable to permeate the overlaying layers of shale for millions of years. So how could the fracking chemicals do it? Answer: they didn't.
It is nearly impossible to do a study where you watch for every conceivable chemical that ever has or ever could exist.
On the contrary, mass spectrometry makes it pretty easy. You'll see everything that's in the sample. You might not be able to *identify* everything, but you'll see everything. Presumably they were able to identify everything, or they wouldn't have published this result.
It is nearly impossible to do a study where you watch for every conceivable chemical that ever has or ever could exist.
On the contrary, mass spectrometry makes it pretty easy
Mass spec is not a magic bullet. For reasons I mentioned to an earlier reply, it cannot identify all possible compounds in solution. Being as the fracking mix itself is always shrouded in "trade secret" cover it is impossible to know what to watch for and hence the likelihood of finding anything is not real great. Are there polar compounds in the fracking mix? We don't know. Are there highly charged compounds in the fracking mix? We don't know. Are there volatile organics in the fracking mix? We do
One site, one test well. Big whoop.
>shows no evidence that chemicals from the natural gas drilling process moved up to contaminate drinking water aquifers at a western Pennsylvania drilling site
> one was injected with four different man-made tracers
Jackson said the 1,800-foot fracture was very interesting, but also noted it is still a mile from the surface.
Love the lackadaisical attitude.
Indeed: http://www.howstuffworks.com/search.php?terms=fracking [howstuffworks.com]
The main issue does not appear to be that a properly administered site leaks fracking fluids into the drinking water... it's that most sites have no oversight and don't always handle the fracking fluids properly.
While it's useful to know that there isn't contamination from the properly injected deep-seam fracking fluids, this doesn't really help the people who are victims of sites where the injection column lelaked at drinking water levels, extra fluid was dumped at ground level, or any of the other hundreds of possible things that could happen... happened.
If the 'injection column' (as you put it) leaks in any way, shape or form, at any depth, it isn't a fracking issue, and it never was. The wellbore wasn't cemented properly when the casing was installed, an operation that was completed months or even years before the frack company was hired by the well owner to come in and do the frac.
Here's more food for thought: Such a well is going to leak hydrocarbons and water and whatever else comes up the wellbore, whether or not it gets fracked.
Feel free to demand mo
Assuming everything's above the board (so to speak), these results are all fine and dandy, but this single scenario doesn't itself make for a glowing endorsement of fracking's safety. For one thing, I'm wondering how the results from sites with fracking-related earthquakes might look.
Does anyone really want to bet that aquifers near other fracking sites are just as fracking-chemical-free?
It's not possible! The results are politically incorrect and will go against the dogma of 'we must be miserable'. Not to worry, someone will quickly find a way to bury this, spin this or otherwise make this moot. We can't let science speak, that's what we have greenpeace for.
After a year of monitoring
Yay! It's safe! *phew*
Your missing the point, greenpeace has absolutely nothing to do with the green movement. Replacement of coal with natural gas powered plants has done far more the green movement than greenpeace has in it's entire history. I could go on and on, but read up on the history of greenpeace, an organization so bad that even their founder has has turned on the.
I'm an old school environmentalist, from years before it was 'politically correct' to be one. Greenpeace has done more to harm the green movement than Koch b
Sure, it didn't get into the groundwater this time. My concern is whether proper studies are being done to ensure that other sites do not see different results from the supposedly clean ones here.
Nothing made its way up in a year, hardly surprising.
I'm sure people will be happy when they see these chemical showing up in the water a couple hundred years from now, then discovering records about fracking in archives. They will probably say things like : they could not have been this stupid?!
Again, the problem here is timescale. One should not think in decades but in centuries.
Its almost as bad as storing a dangerous explosive gas below ground. Not just a few cubic meters mind you, but millions! I think we should do our best to take these volatile organic compounds from their unregulated and unauthorized locations -- and for the children -- dispose of them in such a way that they will not combust and threaten the lives of our precious innocents!
They're not even thinking in decades here. They're thinking in single-digit years.
Come back and retest after 10 years of fracking, or test sites that have been fracking for 10+ years. Then they'll be thinking in decades.
The researchers seem pretty open about the results. It's one site, and clearly one site does not a full study represent. Obviously the industry is going to trumpet this as the be-all and end-all, just as they did with some preliminary research, now largely debunked, that fracking didn't lead to or at least exacerbate earthquakes. That's the part I'm still dubious about. It's rather like feeding a five hundred pound guy a near-fatal dose (if he was 200 pounds) of arsenic and then, when he doesn't drop dead a
You feel better now?
But what about the videos of people lighting their tap water [pri.org]. Are there explanations that don't directly implicate fracking? I asking seriously. I haven't read up on those films and I'm sure someone has a perfectly reasonable sounding story for how that could be.
And suppose the fracking chemicals themselves don't migrate. What about the petrochemicals they've broken loose (which is the whole reason for fracking in the first place, as I understand it)? Can those work their way up into the water supply?
And suppose the fracking chemicals themselves don't migrate.
. . . they could be carried by a swallow . . .
But what about the videos of people lighting their tap water [pri.org]. Are there explanations that don't directly implicate fracking? I asking seriously. I haven't read up on those films and I'm sure someone has a perfectly reasonable sounding story for how that could be.
And suppose the fracking chemicals themselves don't migrate. What about the petrochemicals they've broken loose (which is the whole reason for fracking in the first place, as I understand it)? Can those work their way up into the water supply?
As I understand it, when done properly, the petro and fracking chemicals either stay in the shale or end up back in the tankers.
The problem is, according to some studies, it's only done properly 20% of the time or less, due to the high costs of doing it properly and the lack of effective oversight.
In short, the chemicals usually migrate into the water supply due to dumping, accidents, and badly maintained equipment, not because they were properly injected into the shale/extracted and shipped to petrochemica
Methane has been fairly common in groundwater long before fracking. Of course, the environmental activists don't want you to know that.
Of course, the environmental activists don't want you to know that.
So name one, point to an environmentalist that is claiming the phenomena is always a result of fracking.
As an environmentalist since the 70's I want people to know they are pumping an unknown substance into the ground because they claim it's more effective than using plain old water (ie: it's more profitable). I want people to know that the US congress refuses to force frackers to reveal the recipe for their fluid.
Also as a pragmatic environmentalist I can see that burning gas (or uranium) is a lesser evil than burning coal but it seems to me (in the US at least) that greed and the regulatory blindness it creates will destroy the overall social benefit from these natural resources, just as it has in Nigeria and dozens of other resource rich hell holes around the globe.
Disclaimer: As someone who has a BSc and a lifelong passion for science I'm well aware that dissolved methane in tap water is more often a natural phenomena than a man made one. I am not responsible for other people making outrageous claims under the banner of "environmentalism", nor will I defend them if the science does not stack up.
I don't recally where I heard this, but my understanding is that the tap water was flammable even prior to the fracking. Natural gas was contaminating the groundwater long before people began mining it. The way I see it, it may be that more places have flammable tap water after fracking, but being able to light water on fire by itself is not indicative of contaminated drinking water. It's more just attention-whoring and if you abscribe malice to the media, then classic straw-man misdirection.
Stronger correlators, such as the tails of cows falling off after fracking began (I don't recall which, but one of the known chemicals used in fracking caused tails to fall off in laboratory experiments), would be a better argument for groundwater contamination.
The other thing to realize is that just because one area is not contaminated does not imply that fracking in general does not contaminate the ground water. It could be due to the specific geology of the area. Or it could be variations in the fracking process used in that particular area or for this particular test.
The explanation for every one of those tap water fires is the same: shitty well bore zone isolation. Whether or not fracking was used in the areas around those communities, it's not the fracking itself that leads to the fires. It's the shitty two-bit gas co that used shitty half-cut cement mix and thin-by-a-third casing strings, which one after another fail over time, letting gas from their production zone migrate up the well and out into places it should have never had the opportunity to go. Fracking c
Thanks, truly! That seems pretty reasonable.
From my understanding, part of the problem with fracking is that the well casings don't always hold. So the chemicals and methane can leak out farther up the well where the drinking water is. The failure rate is supposedly pretty high, with 5% leaking immediately and 30% leaking over 10 years, or something like that. I don't know exact figures and it's hard to know who to trust these days anyway.
Having just watched Gasland II, I don't necessarily trust the government's pronouncements either. According to that documentary (which is a bit propagandistic to be honest) the EPA did a study in Wyoming and found greatly elevated levels of chemicals in the drinking water. When the press release came out it gave the water a big thumbs up. Like I said, it's hard to know who to trust these days. Seems like everyone has an agenda.
My father has a farm in wellsville NY, inside the Marcellus shale region. The problem with methane saturated water wells long predates the use of fracking as the area is filled with played out oil wells from the initial oil boom in the late 1880's but hey, why be rational when complaining about fracking gets you in the news...
Seems like everyone has an agenda.
Well, yes, but I tend to side first with the people whose agenda is "Don't kill us."
It seems the US government has a very loose definition of "polluted".
http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2013/06/fracking [economist.com]
Who did the study? Who funded them?
If its from a red state, toss that shit out with the used diapers.
So, they didn't test water pollution, only checked that fracking didn't contaminate water by using markers.
Hower, other studies [npr.org] showed a correlation between fracking and presence of water pollutants.
Therefore, the only logical conclusion is: water pollution causes fracking !
So, they didn't test water pollution, only checked that fracking didn't contaminate water by using markers.
Hower, other studies [npr.org] showed a correlation between fracking and presence of water pollutants.
Therefore, the only logical conclusion is: water pollution causes fracking !
on some level that's actually probably true, areas where they give fracking licenses easily might have sloppier overall environmental checks, regardless of what the fracking happens to do.
some americans get really weird about drinking water though, like being afraid that some company is exporting the water from the big lakes to china as drinking water.. fuck if you can get someone to pay for drinking water from other side of the globe then do it!
How much do you suppose CHK Energy forked over for that article to appear?
Article doesn't address other much more serious incidents all over the NE in recent years...
Some fracking wells are very deep and have an impermeable layer of rick between the gas shale and the water table. In this type of fracking if is almost impossible to contaminate the water table. These wells have no more impact that the average oil well.
Some fracking wells ate shallow with no impermeable layer between the gas shale and the water table. In this case, when the gas starts moving it can contaminate the aquifer. That is where the burning water issue comes in.
The problem comes in that most anti-f
It can take years, decades, or even centuries for water to filter down into a deep aquifer, yet they've decided that after one year that there's no contamination from deep wells?
Sounds more like a study performed by the Fracking industry than real scientists.
Watch Gasland II.
All wells will eventually leak into surface water. About 5% failure rate per year. (The cement around the pipe develops cracks.)
They studied one well which didn't leak in the first year.
Gasland II shows what happens when they do eventually leak.
I know I'll get modded way down for this, but it sounds reasonable to me. How can fracking at depths of 10,000+ feet contaminate ground/drinking water that is less than 200 feet deep?
....groundwater moves 1) very slowly, and 2) horizontally as well as vertically.
I honestly believe them. However, what they investigated is not relevant. All they claim is that it is not the stuff they pump in that comes back out and contaminates the water. The study does NOT claim that the pollution is not an effect of the whole process, which it very possibly is.
Our household in Ohio depends on a private well for all our water, and it would surely be miserable if it got contaminated.
Just today, our dogs were freaking out because of the fracking machinery running on the neighbor's property.
Poor Blanche just shivers and pants. It's better with her Thundershirt, though she's still fearful.
And my wife told me she felt another earthquake this afternoon. She's from CA, so she knows earthquakes.
I guess we can live with all that, but you gotta have clean water! It's jus
If done properly and carefully, fracking does not produce environmental damage.
If done properly and carefully, deep sea oil drilling does not produce environmental damage.
If done properly and carefully, nuclear power does not produce environmental damage.
However, we know from the last two examples, things are not always done properly and carefully.
If we allow fracking, we have to assume that failures will occur, and have public plans, with pre-arranged financing, on how we will handle the inevitable failure
I suspect this is like many human activities: it can be done right, which explains we can find occurrence where water is not contaminated. But as usual if operators are just looking for profit, it will is badly done, and we get water pollution.
Anyway in both cases, it will produce greenhouse gases, therefore I would be pleased if we could focus on other cleaner ways to get energy
"There is no distinctly American criminal class except Congress." -- Mark Twain


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The canned drinks aisle of our local Asian supermarket seems to go on for miles. Juices (made with every imaginable fruit and vegetable), drinks with basil seeds, Thai aloe vera drinks, Taiwanese drinks with tapioca balls, mango nectar with coconut jelly—there are almost too many choices. So we bought 'em all and tried them out. Our thoughts on each one are in the slideshow »
Don't worry, we'll have Asian brands of canned coffee and tea for you soon (as soon as we recover from this juice-induced sugar high.)
Do you have a favorite canned juice (or a drink with stuff floating in it) that you get the Asian grocery store?


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With the impending release of the Castle map pack, Halo 4 will have finished its set of War Games content. 343 Industries plans to continue pushing out regular matchmaking updates, but will be switching from weekly updates to bi-weekly.
"Moving forward, we are now experimenting with updating Matchmaking on a bi-weekly basis," read a note on the Halo Waypoint blog. "Long story short: That means there will not be a Matchmaking update next Monday. Overall, this will allow us to provide you with more substantial updates, bestow attention where it's most needed and allow newly implemented playlists a longer runway to succeed or fail from both a gameplay nuance perspective as well as supplying more data to mine and learn from."
A few of the larger moves coming in the next few weeks include finalizing the free-for-all playlist, and bringing objective game types to larger parties. Another title update is in the works to address more balance issues, and the "X marker" upon death will be returning as well.


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Jaime Hernandez:
The 1977-D Lincoln Cent is really common from circulated grades up to about MS65 grade. In MS66 it is one of the more difficult Memorial Lincoln Cents in the series and probably the last scarcest date in MS67 and higher. In MS67 condition it is really scarce with less than a few dozen examples known and none being graded higher.
© 1999-2018 Collectors Universe NASDAQ: CLCT


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VIDEO: 2010 Cadaver Memorial Service
On Friday, Jan. 22, first-year medical students in the UNC School of Medicine held a memorial service for the cadavers donated to their anatomy class.
The service, which is a long-standing tradition at UNC, was held in the auditorium of the Medical Biomolecular Research Building. More than 300 people attended the hour-long service.
Each year, 160 medical, physical therapy and dental students use 40 cadavers to learn about the human body in their anatomy class. Half of the cadavers are used by medical students, who take the lead in organizing the service.
"The students have spent the last semester studying anatomy and the cadaver has been essentially their first patient and their first experience dealing with death," said Kurt Gilliland, a professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and co-director of the anatomy course.
Gilliland says the memorial service serves three purposes: it celebrates the lives of patients who donated their bodies to UNC, it's a way to say thanks to the donors and families for the sacrifice they've made, and it's an opportunity for students and families to draw closure.
A Celebration of Life
The first-year medical class presidents organize the ceremony each year and call upon fellow students to participate. "We asked them to access their inner space, their creatives, to reflect on how this process changed them, to show their thanks to donor families through music, through poetry, however they thought was appropriate, really," said Jacob Wang, a first-year co-president.
This year, there were seven performances by medical students. Many of them were musical. The MedUNCedoos, the medical school's a capella group performed "One Sweet Day" by Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men. Several students played instrumental pieces on keyboard, flute and violin. Many of them performed more than once. One student, Brittany Johnson, read a poem entitled, "A Lesson in Gratitude."
In addition to the student performances, Gilliland gave a short speech and read a letter written in 1983 by a donor to UNC. Shirley Massey, a Chaplain at UNC Hospitals, gave the closing remarks.
"I make a point to go each year because it's actually very moving," said Edward Kernick, an assistant professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the second co-director of the anatomy course. "I'm always impressed with the medical students, their talents and the collegiality of the event."
After the ceremony, a reception was held in the lobby. Much of the crowd gathered around a particular item – a bulletin board that held photos of several donors – all smiling and very much alive.
One of the photographs was of William Medford. His wife, Becky, who works in the School of Medicine, said her husband loved Carolina and loved sports. In retirement, he worked at Finley Golf Course. Becky said she and her husband made the decision to donate 30 years ago, and chose to give their bodies to UNC because they loved the school. "He was the type of person who just wanted to help people in any way he could," she said.
A "Thank You" to Donors and Families
If there was one overwhelming sentiment at the memorial service, it was gratitude. "The opportunity to do this, to learn in this way that's so profound and so significant – it's something every doctor says sticks with them," said Nancy Wang, the second first year class co-president. "You always remember the cadaver that you learned from. It was your first teacher."
Anatomy is a required class for medical students. It is taken the first year of medical school and is the foundation for knowledge of the human body. And while there is a lecture portion of the class, books and overheads can only go so far. Cadaver dissection is a learning method as old as the practice of medicine, and it is looked upon as a rite of passage for future doctors. Every muscle, organ, tendon, nerve, and bone is studied. At UNC, eight students dissect one cadaver for the eight – nine weeks they are in lab.
"The amount of knowledge that they learn from [the donor] is incredible and probably unparalleled and unmatched in their future education," said Kernick. "It's a way of saying thank you to the family and the individual for that tremendous gift."
Closure for Students and Families
Gilliland and Kernick say that the students are often very apprehensive about dissection at first, but grow very comfortable over the course of the lab. Nancy and Jacob agree. Some students, they said, were excited and eager from the beginning, while others never dissected the cadavers at all, and chose to learn by seeing and touching rather than cutting.
"For me, walking into the lab for the first day and realizing that these are, you know, people," said Nancy, "these are people's grandmothers and daughters and husbands, it was really kind of overwhelming. I felt like I didn't deserve it. "
"You kind of look at it as a cadaver and not a donor because you need to study," she said. "You've got to let the science take over," she said.
So the ceremony is a time for the student to reflect on their experience – the hours they spent with each donor. "The students very quickly entered the anatomy course in October and they probably had very little opportunity to reflect on death because they were so immersed in academics," Gilliland said.
For the families who had gone for months unable to lay their loved ones to rest, the service was especially a point of closure. All the donors have been cremated, and the families will now be able to have inurnment ceremonies in their hometowns.
The students are not given any personal information on their cadavers. But sometimes, aspects of their lives were still apparent. One woman's fingernails were painted. Another woman's left hand had a mark where a wedding ring had been.
At the ceremony, the humanity of the donors was made especially poignant by the presence of many of the donor's families. If any of the students hadn't yet considered the cadavers as people – people with children, grandchildren, spouses – then the memorial service was the time for that.


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Hey guys Im new to the forum and I'm fixing to build me a head lamp. Ive resently taken up coon hunting with the purchase of a treeing dog but the prices of coon hunting lights are horrible.
Im only familar with store bougth lights but Im interested in any info you can offer im looking for a light with varible brigthtness setting topping out close to 1000 lumens with either self contained battery pack or belt carry battery pack prefer a led light because I need at least 3 or 4 hours of run time on its brightest setting prefer more but that would do. Also I need the head lamp to have beam adjustments. I deal with electronics so the build is not a problem just the knowledge of product.
Thanks in advance


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Story highlights
- Peak Games released Okey less than two years ago; it has more than 19 million users
- Okey lets you win digital dollars and play with your friends via Facebook
- Peak Games is attempting to turn Turkey and Arab countries into a lucrative gaming market
"Hurry up," one of my rivals curtly warns me, as I clumsily try to decide which tile to add to my deck.
Ali doesn't seem to realize that part of my dawdling is because I'm learning to play the Turkish game Okey for the very first time. Coached by my colleague, CNN producer Gul Tuysuz, I reach for a number. Then, in an effort to create some goodwill, I buy a glass of Turkish tea and send it over to Ali's side of the table.
"Thanks," he writes. But I still proceed to lose the game.
Instead of playing Okey the traditional way, shuffling plastic numbered ties on a green-felt table in a smoky cafe, Gul and I are exploring the game digitally.
This online version of Okey lets you win digital dollars and play with your friends via Facebook. It is definitely designed for a Turkish audience: Among the gifts you can send people are Turkish coffee, a nargila water pipe,and even a belly dancer. There is also a function called "flört" that lets you flirt with other players.
It is a fairly simple formula that the game's online designers say has been wildly successful. Since Turkish start-up company Peak Games released Okey less than two years ago, the game has attracted more than 19 million users, with an average of more than 3 million players a month.
"We're only 2 years old," says Rina Onur, one of Peak Games' founders. The Harvard-educated former investment banker then rattles off accomplishments that would make any entrepreneur jealous.
"We started with three people, and now we're with 200. Five offices around the world, 10 million daily and 30 million monthly active users, to be the third-largest gaming company in the world."
An intense work force
Onur speaks in the company's offices, which overlook Istanbul's Bosphorus Strait.
Ferry boats glide past the window, as employees stare intently at banks of computer monitors. The age of the work force here looks to be in the mid-20s, and the dress code is casual. But the atmosphere is pretty serious. I'm struck by how clearly I can hear the sound of clicking mouse buttons.
It isn't easy to independently confirm some of Peak Games' claims.
The young company does not reveal its revenues. As Rob Fahey, a British gaming industry consultant and columnist explains to me, there is a culture of secrecy within the online gaming industry.
"This is a very young market, and there are people who are treating it as a gold rush and there are others who are saying 'Listen, you have to build something sustainable,' " Fahey says in a phone call from Britain.
Regardless where Peak Games falls in this ongoing debate, it is clear that the Turkish start-up has quickly become a significant player in the online gaming industry. According to the application tracker AppData, Peak's 23 games have a total of more than 22 million monthly active users. That puts Peak Games within the world's Top 20 most popular application designers.
Targeting an overlooked market
Part of Peak's successful strategy appears to be that it has focused on a region apparently overlooked by many of the world's more established game designers.
"We just saw there were huge opportunities around the Turkish and Arabic speaking market," explains Onur. "We realized that there was so much demand, so much usage and Internet consumption, but not enough local content and local games."
With more than 31 million users, Turkey is the world's seventh-largest Facebook country, according to Socialbakers, another social media tracking company. Peak Games first targeted this enormous Turkish market by "localizing" games that had been designed for foreign audiences and converting some Turkish traditional games such as Okey to the digital realm.
Statistically, Peak claims one in five Turkish Facebook users has now played Okey.
Less than a year after its launch, Peak Games expanded its operations to the Arab world. The company established an office in Amman, Jordan, and this year acquired a Saudi Arabian online game designing company.
Half of the company's millions of consumers now log on from the Arabic speaking world.
Bridging a cultural divide
Fahey, who writes columns for Gamesindustry.biz, credits the ambitious Turkish start-up with getting a head start in Middle Eastern markets.
"The rest of the world doesn't really engage with these markets because it's hard. Selling games to American or British or German people is very easy, because it was figured out in the 1990s," Fahey says.
"If you've got a country that can organize a revolution over Twitter and one of the first things the government does when people get grumpy is it turns off the Internet," Fahey adds, referring to the 2011 revolution in Egypt, "that should have been a wake-up call for business people."
Onur agrees it isn't always easy to translate games designed for American teenagers for an audience in, say, Saudi Arabia.
"The Arabic region and Arabic culture is even more difficult than Turkey to understand and penetrate, because of the cultural differences, religious differences, even the way that the alphabet works and the language works is different," she says.
To avoid triggering religious taboos in Arab markets, for example, Peak Games had to transform a game character named Horus from an ancient Egyptian deity to a "hero."
On the other hand, Peak Games has gambled that online gaming will likely grow in the Arab world, in part because it provides conservative Middle Eastern societies with an easy, alternative way to socialize.
"It's not as easy in a lot of these countries to go up to a bar or a cafe and meet someone and have a meaningful conversation," she says. "These games provide a platform and a medium to talk to others without being shunned or looked down upon."
Barring linguistic divisions, the online gaming world effectively has no borders. As a result, designers at Peak's Istanbul offices have made some cultural observations, while monitoring game play of participants from different countries.
In the hard-core, empire-building strategy game New Battles, for example, designer Balkan Cilingir said German players tended to focus on teamwork within their alliances, whereas Arab players were "the most competitive" and Turks were "in the biggest rush to make the biggest army."
Peak is now in the process of designing a new strategy game, "War of Mercenaries." Its slightly cartoonish cast of warrior characters includes a Persian sapper, a Bedouin hunter, an Ottoman janissary and the legendary Ottoman aviator Hezarfen.


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Fodor's Greek Islands, 2nd Edition
- Synopsis
- Get inspired and plan your next trip with Fodor's ebook travel guide to the Greek Islands and the Best of Athens. Intelligent Planning: Discover all of the essential, up-to-date travel insights you expect in a Fodor's guide, including Fodor's Choice dining and lodging, top experiences and attractions, and detailed planning advice. Easy Navigation for E-Readers: Whether you're reading this ebook from start to finish or jumping from chapter to chapter as you develop your itinerary, Fodor's makes it easy to find the information you need with a single touch. In addition to a traditional main table of contents for the ebook, each chapter opens with its own table of contents, making it easy to browse. Full-Color Photos and Maps: It's hard not to fall in love with the Greek Islands as you flip through a vivid full-color photo album. Explore the layout of city centers and popular neighborhoods with easy-to-read full-color maps. Plus get an overview of Greek geography with the convenient atlas at the end of the ebook. What's Covered? Get to Know the Greek Islands: When Athenians want a break, they often make a quick crossing to the idyllic islands of the Saronic Gulf. Car-free Hydra is a relaxing retreat with stone houses set above a gorgeously festive harbor. Aegina is noted for its medieval Old Town and magnificent Temple of Aphaia. Spetses has a time-burnished town hiding treasures like Bouboulina's House. To the northeast, the Northern Sporades delivers quintessential Greek-island pleasures: villages spilling down hillsides like giant sugar cubes, Byzantine monasteries, and ageless paths, where the tinkle of goat bells may be the only sound for miles. Off the west coast of the Greek mainland lies Corfu, a temperate multihued island with emerald mountains and turquoise waters. The island has an equally colorful history, reflecting the commingling of Corinthians, Romans, Goths, Normans, and Venetians, among others. The Cyclades are the ultimate Mediterranean archipelago. Santorini is the most picturesque. Mykonos takes the prize for hedonism. Mountainous Folegandros, verdant Naxos, idyllic Sifnos, and church-studded Tinos all have distinct charms. Crete is Greece's southernmost and largest island. The island is home to some of Greece's tallest mountains, its deepest gorge, many of its best beaches, and a wealth of Venetian and Byzantine wonders. The Dodecanese (Twelve Islands) are the easternmost holdings of Greece and are set around the shores of Turkey and Asia Minor. Each of the green and gold Northern Aegean Islands is distinct: Chios retains an eerie beauty amid its fortified villages and Byzantine monasteries, Lesbos is a forgetaway favored by artists and writers, and lush, mountainous Samos whispers of antiquity. Most travelers to the Greek Islands make at least a stopover in Athens. Greece's capital is a city of tried and true pleasures: the endless parade of cafés, the charming Plaka district, and most of all, the glorious remnants of one of the greatest civilizations the West has produced. Note: This ebook edition is adapted from Fodor's Greek Islands, 2nd Edition but differs in some content. Additionally, the ebook edition includes photographs and maps that will appear on black-and-white devices but are optimized for devices that support full-color images
- Copyright:
- 2011
Book Details
- Book Quality:
- Publisher Quality
- 9780307928658
- Related ISBNs:
- 9781400004164
- Publisher:
- Fodor's Travel Publications
- Date of Addition:
- 10/04/11
- Copyrighted By:
- Fodor's Travel
- Adult content:
- No
- Language:
- English
- Categories:
- Nonfiction, Travel
- Submitted By:
- Bookshare Staff
- Usage Restrictions:
- This is a copyrighted book.
Other Books
- by Fodor's
- in Nonfiction
- in Travel


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Please note: You are viewing an archived Bucknell University news story. It is possible that information found on this page has become outdated or inaccurate, and links and images contained within are not guaranteed to function correctly.
By Andy Hirsch
LEWISBURG, Pa. — Taylor Harris, a senior accounting major and member of the Bucknell men's swimming and diving team, never felt the need to announce his sexual orientation to his teammates.
"Straight people don't have to come out," Harris said. "Why should I?"
But he never hid his sexual orientation, either. As his teammates came to realize he was gay, Harris was greeted with overwhelming support.
"I have had a wonderful experience at Bucknell as an openly gay athlete," Harris said. "I think the fact that everyone has been so accepting has really helped us behave as a cohesive team. It is so much easier to compete knowing that you have your team behind you 100 percent."
That accepting environment is one of the reasons Bucknell University's athletics program has been recognized as one of the top-10 safest and friendliest programs in the country for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) students. The rankings were compiled by Campus Pride, in partnership with Compete magazine.
"This recognition for Bucknell is exciting and important," said Ashley Rooney, a junior history major who is on the women's rowing team. "For me, being an openly gay athlete here has been wonderful. Having teammates and coaches who are very strong allies and who fully accept me has been very beneficial for my experience at Bucknell. The team environment and dynamic is truly a safe space where I never have to think twice about being gay or hide who I am."
Several of Bucknell's athletic teams are designated as Safe Spaces, places where people are encouraged to express themselves without fear of being made to feel uncomfortable, unwelcome, or unsafe.
"Diversity is a priority at Bucknell and a significant component of the University's strategic plan, and the Department of Athletics and Recreation is proud to continue our leadership role in this important area," said Athletics Director John Hardt. "Our student-athletes, coaches and staff have done a tremendous job ensuring that our varsity athletics teams are safe and welcoming places for individuals from any and all backgrounds. This national recognition from Campus Pride and Compete magazine helps validate that good work." [Read the Bucknell Magazine story about Sean Coyne, Class of 2010, who came out as a gay student-athlete at Bucknell.]
These first-ever rankings are part of Campus Pride's Out to Play Project, which focuses on the dialogue of LGBT safety and inclusion in college athletics and aims to provide the necessary research to broaden efforts to combat anti-LGBT behavior in sports.
"For far too long, no one has known the score when it comes to LGBT-inclusion and friendliness in collegiate sports programs — that changes today," said Shane Windmeyer, executive director of Campus Pride. "LGBT students today are more out and vocal than ever before and those who are also athletes deserve to know which schools and which athletics programs will respect them for who they are. All students deserve the assurance of safety and inclusion both in the classroom and on the field."
The Out to Play List comprises what Campus Pride calls its 10 'Best of the Best' LGBT-friendly athletics programs at colleges and universities across the country. The list was compiled from nominations received nationwide, with each reviewed for its LGBT-inclusion efforts, practices and policy implementation.
The other schools accompanying Bucknell on the Out to Play List are: Bates College, Bowdoin College, Columbia University, Indiana University, Ithaca College, Kennesaw State University, New York University, Stanford University and Whitman College.
The top 10 list is the first resource in Campus Pride's ongoing Out to Play Project. This fall, the organization will release the most comprehensive national collegiate research report sharing the experiences of nearly 500 self-identified LGBT athletes and providing necessary resources for further progress on LGBT issues in college athletics.
Contact: Division of Communications
The following links are virtual breadcrumbs marking the 27 most recent pages you have visited in Bucknell.edu. If you want to remember a specific page forever click the pin in the top right corner and we will be sure not to replace it. Close this message.


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Maito Gai (S) - Page 28
Naruto-Arena forces you to select 3 characters when you start a new game. This page gives you an overview of all characters available in the Naruto-Arena game. Not only can you view each character's skills, you can also discuss the characters by posting comments.
Maito Gai (S)
Still the leader of Team Gai, Gai is not one to let himself fall behind in terms of training and strength. Gai no longer feels the need to go straight into the highest level of gates that he can, instead taking his time, until the time requires the green beast of Konoha to go all out.Requirement to unlock: Mission: The Green Beast
Nunchaku Taijutsu
Using his weapon expertise, Gai deals 10 damage to one enemy for 3 turns. During this time, if an enemy uses a new harmful physical skill on Gai, he will deal 10 damage to them.
Cooldown: 2
Chakra required:
Classes: Physical, Melee, Action
Fiery Kick
Gai slams his leg onto one enemy, dealing 35 damage to one enemy and reducing all non-affliction damage they deal by 20 for 1 turn.
Cooldown: None
Chakra required:
Classes: Physical, Melee, Instant
Single Gate Release
Gai receives 5 affliction damage*, but permanently gains 5 damage reduction and increases the initial damage of 'Nunchaku Taijutsu' and 'Fiery Kick' by 5. At 6 gates, 'Fiery Kick will be replaced by 'Morning Peacock' and at 7 gates, be replaced by 'Daytime Tiger'. This skill can be used 7 times.
Cooldown: None
Chakra required: No Costs
Classes: Mental, Affliction*, Instant
Muscle Block
This skill makes Maito Gai (S) invulnerable for 1 turn.
Cooldown: 4
Chakra required:
Classes: Physical, Instant
Related subjects:
page 28,
NARUTO © 2002 MASASHI KISHIMOTO. All Rights Reserved.


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Over the past 25 years, my husband and I have created a mini arboretum on our property — we call it the Cotton-Arbo retum — that we open to the public. We usually agree on our thousands of plant varieties, but there is one, spiderwort, that I love for its flower and he hates for its invasiveness. The other day, I mentioned that I had read that if we were to cut it back after it flowers in June, it would regrow bushy and reflower in the fall. He met me eye to eye. "Is that before or after the Roundup?"
Mindy Arbo / WinchesterGOT A GREAT STORY? Tell us at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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WILMINGTON, Mass. — The Bruins practiced one last time in the Bay State before departing for Calgary this morning at Ristuccia Arena.
The Flames team the Bruins will face Tuesday night in the first game of their four-game road trip will be playing its first contest after freezing their rears off in a 4-0 Heritage Classic win over Montreal outdoors at McMahon Stadium Sunday night.
There could be some post-Heritage Classic hangover, but head coach Claude Julien — who has coached in a Heritage Classic and a Winter Classic — doesn't expect the playoff-contending Flames to be focused on anything other than the game at hand.
"You never know. It depends on the individual, it depends on the situation," said Julien. "I think right now, they're in the playoff hunt and I don't think they can afford to have any letdowns. So standing on this side of the fence, I would say they're ready to go."
Today was the first practice with newcomers Chris Kelly and Rich Peverley that the Bruins skated in lines. Here's how those groups look:
Thornton would play left wing if Seguin is in on the fourth line. All six defensemen (minus Tomas Kaberle, who will meet the team in Calgary) and the two goaltenders skated as well.


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Intuit fiscal 2nd-qtr profit tumbles 40 percent
MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. (AP) — Analysts found little to be concerned about Friday in Intuit Inc.'s fiscal second-quarter earnings results, despite a 40 percent profit decline that the tax preparation and personal finance software maker attributed to a late start to the tax season.
The Mountain View, Calif., software company's main products include QuickBooks, Quicken and TurboTax, focusing on small business management, payroll processing, personal finance and tax preparation.
The company said Thursday after markets closed that its revenue slipped 3 percent to $968 million in the quarter that ended Jan. 31, due to late legislation and Internal Revenue Service delays that are expected to shift revenue to the third fiscal quarter. That was down 3 percent from $999 million a year ago.
Intuit estimated that revenue would have grown about 10 percent without that shift.
Congress and the White House reached a deal in January on legislation that avoided steering the economy off the so-called fiscal cliff. The Internal Revenue Service started accepting returns on Jan. 30, an eight-day delay necessitated by the late congressional action.
Intuit earned $71 million, or 23 cents per share, in the three months that ended Jan. 31. That compared with earnings of $118 million, or 39 cents per share, in the year-ago quarter. Adjusted earnings, which exclude things like amortization-related costs, totaled 33 cents per share.
Analysts expected, on average, earnings of 30 cents per share on $963.2 million in revenue, according to FactSet.
The company said its small business revenue grew 11 percent in the quarter, excluding gains from Demandforce software it acquired last May.
Total costs and expenses climbed 9 percent to $875 million, as Intuit spent more on selling and marketing and on research and development.
Intuit said it still expects full fiscal 2013 adjusted earnings to range between $3.40 and $3.46 per share on $4.55 billion to $4.65 billion in revenue.
Analysts expect, on average, earnings of $3.36 per share on $4.6 billion in revenue.
Intuit said sales of its TurboTax units were down 7 percent through Feb. 16, compared to last year's tax season. But the company also said sales of its TurboTax Online units picked up through early February. They grew 32 percent from Jan. 30 to Feb. 16 compared to the same period last year.
Wall Street had a muted reaction to the results.
Cowen and Co. analyst Peter Goldmacher said in a note to clients that all of Intuit's non-tax businesses performed reasonably well during the quarter, and investors will likely remain focused on the tax business until the next quarterly report. He kept an "Outperform" rating on the stock.
Ross MacMillan at Jefferies & Co. said viewing the results through the lens of the shift in the tax season, the second quarter looked strong and guidance seems conservative, "however we are not ready to jump to conclusions just 3 weeks in to an abnormal tax season." He kept a "Hold" rating and $66 price target on the stock.
Citi analyst Walter Pritchard said he was "most comforted" that while Intuit said sales of TurboTax were down 7 percent, that was far below the reported drop in the number of returns filed to so far. "On the surface, it appears Intuit is gaining share in the early stages of tax season," he wrote, adding that the company's solid small business operations remain the reason to own the stock. He kept a "Buy" rating and a $70 price target on the shares.
Intuit shares opened up 39 cents at $61.69. The stock has traded between $53.38 and $64.47 in the past 52 weeks.


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Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center For Brain Health Free Educational Programs for Caregivers
Age Group: Adults & Seniors
10/8/2013 • 6 p.m. - 7 p.m.Clark County Library
Room: Small Conference Room
Caring for a loved one with memory loss? Neurocognitive disorders impact not just the patient, but everyone involved in care and support. Whether you are new to caregiving or have been doing it long term, you may need training, support and updates in caregiving to best aid your patient and yourself. Learn about the social services, resources and education programs that are offered FREE for caregivers at the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center For Brain Health.
Free admission and open to the public, all ages welcome to attend. Co-sponsored by Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center For Brain Health. For more information, please call 507-3458.


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Farmers & ag advocates blast taxpayer funding of pro-pesticide campaign
A September 17th announcement that $180,000 in federal funds have been granted to back a PR campaign to "correct misconceptions about pesticide residues on food" caught the attention of farmers and organic food advocates across the country, according to the Associated Press. The federal Specialty Crop Block Grants from which the grant will come are one of the only sources of funding to support the production and marketing of crops such as fruits, nuts and vegetables in California. Critics charge that awarding taxpayer dollars from this fund to a project that effectively advocates against the value of organic produce is therefore an inappropriate use of public funds.


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European Commission
Press release
Brussels, 3 October 2012
State aid: Commission finds that financing of Munich airport's terminal 2 does not contain aid
The European Commission has concluded that financial arrangements regarding Munich airport's terminal 2 are in line with EU state aid rules. In particular, the Commission found that loans by public entities to finance terminal 2 as of 2000 were granted on market terms and therefore did not involve state aid in the meaning of EU rules. Before 2000, EU state aid rules did not apply to the financing of airport infrastructure.
Commission Vice-President in charge of competition policy Joaquín Almunia said: "Today's decision further shapes the Commission's policy of state aid control in the aviation sector. Our ultimate aim is to establish a level playing field for all airlines and airports regardless of their business model – from flag carriers to low-cost airlines."
In 1998, Flughafen München GmbH and Deutsche Lufthansa decided to create jointly-owned companies for the construction and operation of the new terminal 2 at Munich airport. In 2008, following a complaint from Ryanair, the Commission initiated an in-depth investigation regarding alleged state aid to these companies (see IP/08/1199).
The Commission's investigation found that before 2000, the market for airport services was not open for competition and the operation of airports was not considered an economic activity. Airport services were therefore not caught by EU state aid rules. Financing measures irrevocably committed before that date are therefore outside the scope of the Commission's state aid control.
The Commission also found that loans granted after that date by the German public credit institution for development Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) and by the Bavarian public bank Bayerische Landesbank were granted on terms that a private investor operating under market conditions would have accepted (the market economy investor principle – MEIP) and therefore conferred no economic advantage to the operators and owners of terminal 2.
Until recently, the development of airports was often determined by territorial considerations or, sometimes, military requirements. Airports were operated as part of the public administration rather than as commercial undertakings. Competition between them was limited and only developed gradually. Taking into account these facts, the financing of airports by the State was considered as a general measure of economic policy, outside the scope of EU state aid rules.
In recent years, the EU airport industry has undergone fundamental changes, including an increasing interest from private investors, but also a change of public authorities' attitude towards private investment in airports. Whereas airports were previously mostly managed as infrastructures with a view to ensure accessibility and territorial development, they have in recent years defined commercial objectives and are competing with each other to attract air traffic.
In 2000, an EU General Court ruling reflected the changing nature of airports operation. In its "Aéroports de Paris" judgment, the Court stated that the operation of an airport, including the provision of airport services to airlines and service providers within airports, is an economic activity (case T-128/98). Before this judgment, public authorities could legitimately consider that financing measures in favour of airports did not constitute state aid in the meaning of the EU rules.
The Commission plans to adopt new guidelines on aviation – covering both airlines and the financing of airports - in 2013. Today's decision is part of over 60 on-going state aid investigations in the aviation sector.
The non-confidential version of the decision will be made available under the case number SA.23600 in the State Aid Register on the DG Competition website once any confidentiality issues have been resolved. New publications of state aid decisions on the internet and in the Official Journal are listed in the State Aid Weekly e-News.
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