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It always seems that the outskirts of town is where all the cool stuff happens. Whether it's a haunted forest, the most jumpin' place to hang out, or a place to drag race, the edge of town has got it goin' on! For Buck Ridenour, the outskirts of town are just more than just city limits.
After sitting around the tube and local drag strips watching quarter-mile pass after quarter-mile pass, Buck decided he was tired of being sidelined. No more would he watch others baste in the glory of their automobiles, for he too would soon feel the warm and fuzzy feeling of driving his very own musclecar. Only problem was he needed to find one. Then it struck, an outskirts-of-town story. A friend of Buck's told him about a '67 Nova SS that was in decent shape sitting outside of town. Buck spared no time and hit the road in search of the Nova. Upon arrival Buck noticed the Nova was in great shape and untouched, perfect for what he wanted to do with it.
Ridenour decided if he was going to build a Chevrolet Nova, then he was going to build a Chevrolet Nova. Buck wanted the Nova to be the way Detroit intended it to be, 100-percent Chevy. The '67 utilizes all GM parts, except for a few performance and dress-up products. Buck wanted to make sure the doors, hood, trunk, suspension, engine, trans, and interior, basically everything was genuine Chevrolet. There would be no aftermarket goodies cluttering this '67.
The build started off by stripping the car down to bare bone. From there the car received all new rubber seals, bushing, shocks, and any other standard necessities. Then the small-block was taken Woody's Machine Shop and Tony Zeller to be completely revamped. Buck did however give in to aftermarket products when it came to rebuilding the engine. For example the 331 small-block sports an Edelbrock intake manifold and carburetor, Keith Black pistons, and an assortment of billet products from Billet Specialties. While the engine was out and about, Bobby McClure, Paul McMann, and Buck concentrated on working the body to perfection. When it was finished Bobby McClure sprayed the entire car in PPG Torch Red. The Nova was then carefully put back together and taken to Interiors by Eddie. Once again no aftermarket products were added to the interior. Instead the stock interior was recovered in black and white leather.
Everything was going great but there was still something missing. Although Buck and his team spent hours trying to make the Nova as detailed and immaculate as possible, the Nova wasn't capturing the image Buck was looking for. Finally he decided to add one more thing to the '67, even though it is aftermarket. A set of Billet Specialties Streamline wheels wrapped in BFGoodrich rubber was added to the car. The look was complete. Maybe now you'll start paying a little more attention to those outskirts of town stories, huh?


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Alfresco add-ons is the place to find extensions, Alfresco customizations and related projects for your installation
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Culture and Identity in Taiwan with filmmaker Hu Tai-Li, composer Shih-Hui Chen, and violinist Sonja HarasimVIEW EVENT DETAILS
Educator Nights
Taiwan is a blend of the predominant Han ethnic group and a collection of aboriginal minorities, including the Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Paiwan, Rukai, and Tsou, among others.
In collaboration with arts and culture programming at Asia Society Texas Center, educators will have an opportunity to learn about Taiwan's original inhabitants and current demographic structure. This special teacher workshop will include a ticket to the screening of Hu Tai-Li's Returning Souls on Sunday, March 24.
About the Presenter
Hu Tai-Li is a well-known innovator of ethnographic films in Taiwan and currently a research fellow at the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica. She also serves as a professor at National Tsing Hua University and the president of the Taiwan International Ethnographic Film Festival. Some of her notable work includes The Return of Gods and Ancestors, Songs of Pasta'ay, Voices of Orchid Island, Sounds of Love and Sorrow, and Stone Dream. Her films have won awards at the Houston International Film Festival, the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival, and the Taiwan International Documentary Festival. She studied at the National Taiwan University and earned her doctorate in anthropology from the City University of New York.
Related Link
Education Programs at Asia Society Texas Center are made possible, in part, by Nancy C. Allen, JP Morgan Chase, and the Reliant Energy Charitable Foundation.


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DENVER (AP) -- Municipalities across Colorado with wastewater treatment facilities are getting $14.7 million in state grants to help pay for improvements to comply with new nutrient standards.
The new standards adopted last year by the state's Water Quality Control Commission are aimed at keep nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen out of state waters. About 40 of the state's 400 municipal wastewater systems must comply with new nutrient limits.
Lawmakers this year passed a bill establishing the grant program. While it's a one-time source of funds, Gov. John Hickenlooper said Friday he hopes the state can continue to help.
Twenty-one municipal wastewater and sanitation districts are getting the grants. The Colorado Municipal League called it a great start, but remains concerned about the long-term costs of compliance to local ratepayers.


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We are talking about two different things here. What you say is true, up to the point where it is no longer true. When I say 'no thought', that is exactly what I mean: A state in which thought is utterly superfluous, and simply ceases to occur. Indeed, as soon as a thought manifests, the no-thought state ceases, and the thinker returns to its accustomed state. There is, for example, in the no-thought state, no hint of emotion, or identity; only one-ness with everything. Thinking separates itself from everything else, in order to consider it. Not-thinking removes that separation. Ha. I had to repair the insane misspelling of that last 'separation' about nine times before it was right.
Dylar, what is is beyond thought; a thought can be pointed out, but reality is the pointer - how can a knife cut itself? The mystical experience, the experience of that reality (of one's own reality), is not primarily a thought-state, though, of course, thought might arise; even so, it is known, at that point, that one is not the thinker (it is no longer "my thought"). Shiva sits upon Kailash in the deepest of meditations, being only the Self; there is no thought, no feeling, no sensation, only existence.
That sense of "oneness"? It's only in your head. It is, as we like to call it in the parlance of my generation, a thought.
Nonsense. Mystical experiences, like any other thoughts, are ephemera conjured by the human mind, no more, no less. The distinction is whether one imposes conscious control of the process.
Hold on, if a feeling can exist independently of thought like that, and if it's a very nice feeling to have, then is it purely a matter of hedonism? What makes a person choose between basking in "oneness" versus basking in "separatedness"? Why do you assume any such oneness even exists? Darker modalities for the human state of awareness do exist on the left-hand path (beyond superficial egocentrism), so I do believe a conscious choice, based on examination of the variables at play and the expression of personal character, is involved.Surely there is oneness or there isn't, and the fact will remain constant regardless of what you 'feel' about it. Being one is much different than feeling one (and the latter could obviously result from the former). Of course you can never be a whole constituting a variety of parts beyond yourself, since you are by definition limited to yourself, which is why you often repeat that oneness involves loss of self. And yet simultaneously oneness involves not a surrender to pure feeling but quite the opposite a mechanical transformation of the self into a supposedly 'non-self'.It seems to me the 'experience of oneness' is surely a self-contained experience of specific conventional stimuli, that may well be described as maintaining a state of awareness in a healthy way in full realization and acceptance of the real nature of the human condition and reality at large, but that should not be described as magically grasping reality at large precisely despite the human condition by transcending it as if it's a piece of litter to be tossed aside.If you deny the human condition then your experience is a generic blob of undifferentiated oneness akin to the womb, without color, expression or individuality. I have long reviled this false path of weakness for the deception promoted by its supporters in the marketplace of ideas. It represents the most far-fetched, blindest faith as it declares that if it feels good then it must be good, that it is ineffable and therefore cannot be disputed and that it is boundless (without markers or points of reference, hence the ineffability) and therefore of a higher order. It's like being a drug addict and having no idea whatsoever that you're taking drugs or that it might be bad for you. It's the most comfortable escape possible, the most comforting lie.


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WASHINGTON – Diners soon could see calorie counts on the menus of chain restaurants.
But will they be able to get that same clear information at grocery stores, convenience stores, movie theaters or airplanes?
The food industry is closely watching the Food and Drug Administration to see which establishments are included in the final menu labeling rules, which are expected this year.
The idea is that people might pass on that bacon double cheeseburger if they know that it has 1,000 calories. Or on the chili hot dog at the convenience store counter.
But nonrestaurant establishments have lobbied hard for exemption, and the rules have been delayed.
The FDA issued proposed rules in 2011 but has faced pressure to revise them to exclude retail outlets like grocery and convenience stores.
The FDA has sent the rules to the White House, meaning they could be released soon. The calorie labels may be required as soon as six months after the final rules are announced.
Five places you may – or may not – see calorie labels once the rules kick in:
The restaurant industry pushed for menu labeling and helped it become law as part of health overhaul in 2010. Chain restaurants that operate all over the country wanted the federal standards because of an evolving patchwork of state and local laws that require calorie labeling and could have forced those outlets to follow different rules in different locations.
Not all restaurants are happy with menu labeling, though. Pizza restaurants, led by delivery giant Domino's, say it doesn't make sense to force their franchisees to order expensive new menu boards when few people walk into their brick-and-mortar outlets. They argue for putting the information online. Supporters of the rules say pizzas are no different from sandwiches or other foods that have a variety of toppings.
The rules only will apply to restaurants with 20 or more outlets, so independent eateries are exempt.
The supermarket and convenience store industries were perhaps the most unhappy with the rules that the FDA proposed in 2011. The agency proposed requiring those stores to label calories for prepared foods on menu boards and displays.
The restaurant industry has pushed for those outlets to be included, arguing that many of them are promoting their prepared food sales and directly competing with restaurants. Nutrition advocates also have called for those stores to be included, saying that a rotisserie chicken labeled with a calorie count at a restaurant should also be labeled at the grocery store takeout next door. Same with baked goods like muffins, pies or loaves of bread.
The supermarket industry estimates it could cost them a billion dollars to put the rules in place – costs that would be passed on to consumers. Along with convenience stores, the supermarkets say the ever-changing selection at salad bars, deli counters and other prepared food stations would make it difficult and costly to nail down accurate calorie counts and constantly update signs.
Movie theater chains lobbied to be left out and appeared to win that fight when they were exempted in the 2011 proposed rules. But nutrition groups are lobbying to include them in the final rules, especially because movie treats can be so unhealthy.
Nutrition lobbyist Margo Wootan of the Center for Science in the Public Interest said many people don't realize they are eating a day's worth of calories when they stop by the movie concessions counter and grab a large popcorn and extra-large soda.
Passengers most likely will be able to purchase food calorie-blind in the air and on the rails. Along with movie theaters, airlines and trains were exempted from the proposed labeling rules in 2011. The FDA said that it would likely exempt food served in places where the "primary business activity is not the sale of food" and that don't "present themselves publicly as a restaurant." That also includes amusement parks, sports stadiums and hotels, unless restaurants set up in those places are part of a larger chain.
Vending machines will be required to have labels, but the industry – comprised mostly of smaller operators – is asking for flexibility in how they are required to post them.
Eric Dell of the National Automatic Merchandising Association said the group estimates the rules could cost operators up to $42,000 a year, which he calls a "huge burden" on those small businesses.


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Pagan Paths
Witchcraft Philosophies, Action, Leadership, Humor, Outrage, Awkward Mishaps, Lovable Lessons, and a search for Grace with a clumsy Witch.
NY (Hearts) WV. Plus, What to Do When Bad Things Happen
A chemical spill in West Virginia contaminated the water source used by over 300,000 people. On February 8, 2014, a bunch of Witches gathered in Brooklyn at Catland Books to honor the Imbolc Sabbat. The NYC Witches had this message for West Virginia:
The "Who"s and "What"s and stuff.
The Sabbat was held by the NY/CT/NJ facet of Novices of the Old Ways, a national Progressive Pagan and Wiccan community. The ritual was led by Votary-Priestess Elizabeth LaBarca. The group raised $150 for Manna Meal, a non-denominational group in Charleston, WV that provides two hot meals a day to anyone in need. Donations to help the disaster relief can also be made via Paypal to firstname.lastname@example.com, subject line: WV Disaster. Those donations will go to the local Unitarian Church, aiding in the efforts.
Yes. Our Human-Kin (and animal kin!) in West Virginia are going through a very bad time right now. For information on the current disaster situation, please see Rachel Maddow Interview with Ken Ward of the Charleston Gazette.
How is a video-message going to help?
One of the worst side-effects of a disaster situation is feeling alone or forgotten. As the media moves on, naturally so does attention to the region. Not so long ago, we in NY/NJ/CT were facing a disaster situation of our own. The national news moved on as the election started, but we were still going through The Sh*ts. It's rough on the psyche and soul. In many ways, the situation is WV is worse. So many people came to help the Sandy relief efforts. Unfortunately, we can't get in cars with garbage bags, sledge hammers, and shovels and clean up the mess done by the chemical leak. We, being remote civilians, are not able to clean the water of our WV Humankin, ourselves. But we can send a message that will hopefully lift some spirits.
We also could use the opportunity to let others know where to send money to help.
What do we do when bad things happen???
We have options! Crying helps, initially. It lets the pain and anger out so we can set it aside--or better yet, let it fuel us--to help. Raising and sending energy helps, too. But this is going to hurt to write/read: The raising and sending of energy to a large-scale, rambling problem does good, but very often, it's doing more good for those who cast it than those meant to receive it. We feel we've done something by remembering those suffering in our intentions. But a small group raising energy for a local problem has the effect of a watering can on a dry area of the backyard--directed and effective. That same group raising energy for a major problem is going to have the effect of that same watering can on a forest fire: Reading--not much. Now, get together with 10,000 other watering cans and you may indeed have something to aid the problem. But unless you're planning on coordinating or collaborating with 10,000 other groups, don't let your efforts stop at the Circle.
I want to help, but I don't want to send money.
Okay--please listen. SEND. MONEY. Don't send canned goods, used clothing, or even bottled water in this case. This brilliant article demonstrates the problems well-intentioned donations can cause in disaster areas. Needs change daily and often what is most in need cannot be supplied by a common consumer, such as antibiotics or water purification tablets. I can directly attest to changing needs. During Occupy Wall Street, bright-eyed and eager supporters would rush up to me with bags of rain-slickers, or peace-charms, or shoe-laces. And while I thanked them for their kindness, the weather that day might be cold and dry and the slickers were of no help. There would be nowhere to store the peace-charms or shoe-laces, as all the donation areas were clogged with other things given in love, but without much use. I was left with lots of well-intentioned goods and spent a lot of important time trying to find places to put them. Had these people handed me the cash they used to buy the supplies, I could have run out and gotten what we needed that night--sweatshirts, socks, sanitary napkins, gas for the generators. It was a similar situation a after Sandy, where the needs changed daily. One day, paper-towels were the valued commodity. The day after, face-masks. By the weekend, people would have sold souls for duct tape. By donating cash directly to a region, you are able to help the people aid their most dire needs, immediately. If you aren't sure where to donate your funds and aren't a fan of large organizations, look up Churches or food pantries local to the region. They will most certainly be busy. Also, regional chapters of the Red Cross or Red Crescent will be more directly involved with aid than national or international chapters. Your $5 will be a very valuable watering can, indeed.
West Virginia--you are not forgotten.
I want to bundle up the whole state and serve you all tea in my living room, where you can pet my cats. They're very healing. Unfortunately, that's rather impossible. So please accept my and my community's offering of love. We're not alone in the love we send, either.
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The Washington Wizards 2013-14 season was among the most successful the franchise has had in quite sometime. There is a lot of momentum from last season to build off of and general manager Ernie Grunfeld had a task ahead of him going into the off-season. Continuity was the main goal and for the most part they succeeded.
Priority number one for the organization was bringing back center Marcin Gortat. Washington acquired the Polish center from the Phoenix Suns in a trade last off-season and a first round pick was part of the price. Gortat had one of the best years of his career averaging 13 points, nearly 10 rebounds and had 37 double-doubles.
Gortat was a big difference maker for the Wizards last year and they could not afford for him to walk. He helped elevate the franchise to a playoff contender and giving up a first rounder for Gortat made him nonexpendable. The front office took care of priority number one by signing the Polish center to a five year $60 million deal.
The second priority for Grunfeld was bringing back starting small forward Trevor Ariza. The 10-year veteran had one of the better seasons in his career averaging 14 points and shooting 40% from the three-point line. Ariza also brought a great defensive presence and should have gotten recognized for his defensive skills on one of the All-NBA defensive teams.
Ariza wanted the big contract, as he was most likely entering his last big free agency period of his career. Wanting long-term financial security, this was his best time to get that.
Washington did not want to overspend for the services of Ariza, but they expressed interest in bringing him back. Unfortunately, they were unable to come to an agreement and Ariza chose to sign with the Houston Rockets for a four-year deal worth $32 million.
The loss of Ariza at first left a large hole for the former third overall selection Otto Porter to fill, but Grunfeld made a big move.
Former Brooklyn Net Paul Pierce signed on the dotted line and was officially a Washington Wizard. This move came as a bit of a surprise to many, but it is a move that had to happen. There are several different opinions about Pierce at this point in his career, but this was an outstanding addition to the roster.
Entering his 17th season, Pierce played a career low last year in terms of minutes per game. He might have some age to him, but Pierce brings qualities to this team they desperately need.
When Ariza left for Houston, a lot of experience within this team was lost. Trevor Ariza won a championship with the Lakers and brought that championship experience to a team that was so young and not full of playoff experience. The Wizards now get that back with Pierce, who has won a championship with Boston and was once awarded Finals MVP.
Washington was able to close games in their first round series against the Chicago Bulls, but found difficulty in closing out games against the Indiana Pacers. Bradley Beal was that guy first round, but Paul George made it tough for him second round to do so. Nobody else was able to step up in that role and Paul Pierce brings that ability with him.
The Truth is known as one of the more clutch players in the NBA and is one of the best closers. With the experience he brings to the lineup, no stage is too big for him and it will rub off on the rest of the squad.
Otto Porter is due to get an increased workload this year and right now the Pierce signing does not limit that. Pierce will be great for Porter from a mentor standpoint and he is not killing a severe amount of playing time for the second year player. With Pierce only getting about 28 minutes a game last season, Porter will still get plenty of minutes to gain experience.
This situation could get a little tricky over a month into the season once Martell Webster gets back onto the floor. For now, the signing of Pierce is a huge addition for the Wizards due to the experience he brings and the ability to close out in the big moments.
Washington has other needs to address this off-season such as providing better depth in the front-court and adding another guard to the mix. The Wizards made several trades in the past few days to add to the depth in the front-court.
Kris Humphries and DeJuan Blair were added to the roster through sign and trade deals. Humphries is a solid shooter from mid range much like Nene, except he is not as physical and defensively sound as Nene. Blair appears undersized at 6'7 for the low post, but he is a physical player able to rebound and score inside well.
With Drew Gooden set to return as well, the Wizards front court depth is much better heading into the season than they were last year. The roster is almost set nearing the 15-player maximum and Washington has flexibility with that last spot.
Ernie Grunfeld has done a tremendous job of building a contender in the Eastern conference. He has done a great job of setting up the team for success now, but also the future as well. Many of the new acquisitions have short-term deals with player options in the mix. These contracts give an opportunity for the front office to clear up a good amount of cap space.
This flexibility with the roster and the salary cap already is raising discussions on whether the Wizards are positioning themselves to make a run for Kevin Durant in 2016. With the LeBron returning home story just happening, eyes are already gazing upon Durant to potentially make a return home to DC.
Landing Durant is a possibility with an attractive roster to surround himself with and the cap room to get a big deal. It also bodes well for Washington when they chose to hire Durant's former high school coach David Adkins. The pieces are falling into place for the potential signing, but that time is out on the horizon.
The Wizards took a big step as a franchise last season winning their first playoff series since 2005. With playoff experience gained and good pieces added to the roster, Grunfeld has the Wizards set to be a big-time contender in the Eastern Conference.


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Integrated Studies (Post-Master's Certificate)
A Certificate of Advanced Study (sixth-year certificate), a 30- to 36-graduate credit hour program beyond the master's degree, is offered in Integrated Studies.
The program is designed for students who have completed their master's degree and are interested in exploring a self-designed, integrated program of study drawing upon graduate level experiences currently provided by departments of Integrated Professional Studies and Education of the College of Education and Social Services. The program does not lead to any type of state licensure.
Specific RequirementsNo description available
- Colleges and Schools: College of Education and Social Services.


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Is this a hedge in case China decides to stop making shit for the US? Or plain ol' pork?
Is this a hedge in case China decides to stop making shit for the US? Or plain ol' pork?
Probably B disguised as A
I'm thinking, probably Plan A disguised as Plan B. DARPA people are pretty damned clever. They know how to play that favorite of all gameshows on the Hill, 'The Appropriations Game'.
Yeah, after all, the US only exports $1.5 trillion dollars worth of good every year. Just the second largest exporter in the world (second to China, despite having less than 1/3 the population). Yeah, the US doesn't make anything these days.
Yep, and the imports outstrip that. For the three months to March good and services imports averaged $233 gigabucks and exports averaged $183.1. With China in March imports outstripped exports by $21.7 gigabucks. That said, secret-squirrel-shit, ITAR restricted or bespoke components for military equipment are unlikely to be imported, even from allies.
Source: FT900: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services [census.gov]
How much of what we export is stuff that we MAKE...versus stuff that we design here but produce elsewhere (i.e. Apple) or resources such as wood/steel/coal? We don't have the education system in place to develop a skill manufacturing sector in the way that other countries (i.e. Germany) do.
Once you level the playing field with automation, the hordes of cheap Chinese labor are less of an advantage.
The ideal would be reconfigurable, lights-out manufacturing.
The Chinese couldn't compete because of shipping costs.
'level playing field with automation' is ignorant. have you SEEN how things are assembled in china? its mostly by hand.
if they could do it with machines, they would. machines don't jump to their death or complain or work slower at night.
they use people because, even in today's world, people are still needed to build things and robots are just not the answer to ALL manuf challenges.
we'll never compete with china as long as it takes people to build things. and it does.
Did you know the codename for the research? They're still trying to decide between "Screamer" and "Skynet"
Establishing the production facility with people is far cheaper as well as obviously retooling, also when they loose a contract, they can readily switch over to another product. As China shifts to manufacturing for the local market with self produced branded products so the increase in automation will occur. Consider the cost of a $50,000.00 or more machine versus training a disposable person. Until those disposable people decide that they are no longer disposable they will continue to be exploited. Labour
"have you SEEN how things are assembled in china? its mostly by hand."
Just because they do it by hand now doesn't make that the end-all solution.
Stihl is producing chainsaw bars within a few percent of ChiCom cost in their US plants.
As US labor costs drop (BMW in SC already exports Bimmers to China) and we leverage automation, the Chinese edge will be blunted.
The Chinese will always have the shipping barrier of the Pacific to contend with.
The playing field has been leveled with automation for decades. China is losing jobs to automation faster than they're gaining them to outsourcing. Manufacturing output in the US has been flat or rising for decades, despite the fall-off of manufacturing jobs, because that's what technology does
Haven't got to the article yet, but in the summary I keep reading...
Then you reboot the software controlling the machines, and out come the parts for the drive train system in a tank.
I still don't get what a reboot has to do with this. Is it running Windows?
Journalist ignorance. Whats implied is lean "one part pull" where a machine is used to capacity making parts based on existing demand rather than projected demand. It relies on fixture engineering designed to minimize setup and tear down time with build in accuracy.
I do not believe what is implied to be an accurate desciption of what will actually occur. What is actually more likely is the versatility of cnc equipment is being glamorized. In practice, these tech shops are intended to be inventor cooperative
What is actually more likely is the versatility of cnc equipment is being glamorized.
Indeed. I'm a CNC programmer in a shop currently making components for die casting. If management told us to we could just as easily be making tank, helicopter, or rifle parts tomorrow. CNC machines are general purpose by nature.
Now combine several different forms of CNC machines, (with different cuttings heads for materials)
Add in some robotic arms to move parts around the factory, and quite literally have a 90% automated factory that can produce any physical object and do it in decent quantity levels.
You could churn out anything whenever you wanted.
yep no commercial value there.
It's not so easy to move parts from one machine to the other with robotic arms.
I know how these things work, I'm a manufacturing engineer and program 5 axis machines on a daily basis. The work has to have significant constraints placed on it for it to work easily with a robotic system however. Frequently this is not possible.
Haven't got to the article yet, but in the summary I keep reading...
Then you reboot the software controlling the machines, and out come the parts for the drive train system in a tank.
I still don't get what a reboot has to do with this. Is it running Windows?
I imagine it would be something similar in practice to re-kickstart [wikipedia.org]'ing a server with a different and highly specialized OS and packages. Want to build tanks this week, reboot all the controller nodes and have them boot the custom tank settings. Heli blades, reboot them into the custom helicopter setting. If you want to make sure that all your nodes are all running the exact same thing, this approach is the way to go.
And while we are researching that, can we also figure out why Kickstarter, which crowd funds projects, is named after a motorcycle starting system? I can't see the conection!
You give it a kick and then it starts. Crowdfunding does the same for projects.
Nowhere in the article is any mention that the DARPA employees would be doing TS work.
Periods processing of the sort required to do TS work at night in a facility used by civilians during the day is basically impossible...
Whether we want a mechanical army which is within reach or maybe a clone army that could fight better.
The project is called iFab.
Cue Apple trademark lawsuit in 3... 2... 1...
. . . only if the factory building has round corners . . .
. . . or does Apple own a patent titled, "A Method and Process for Making Stuff in a Building" . . . ?
So...a factory that can more quickly and efficiently adapt to changes in demand? That can, instead of needing mass layoffs or closing up shop entirely, reconfigure their processes and retrain employees (increasing their skill sets if they ever need different future employment) to produce different things? Moving suppliers one level closer to being able to swiftly and effectively respond to the economic climate?
And all this research is only going to cost $3.5 million or so?
If they can make this work, and can be spread to other US suppliers, that $3.5 million investment will be paid back in no time in economic development. Hell, if it's a significant enough improvement, it could eventually help revitalize the US manufacturing industry by significantly upping our competitive advantage.
DARPA isn't the one to make this happen. They try to show that something is plausible...and they get the requisite people working with each other and exploring technology. They expect industry or the DoD to make it happen after DARPA's $3.5M feasibility study has ended.
DARPA isn't the one to make this happen. They try to show that something is plausible...and they get the requisite people working with each other and exploring technology. They expect industry or the DoD to make it happen after DARPA's $3.5M feasibility study has ended.
Yes, DARPA will do the fundamental R&D.
But when the private sector sees the results (assuming they're promising and cost effective), they'll definitely want to jump on this. And when the Rust Belt politicians get wind that it'll help revitalize the manufacturing sector, they'll be throwing their support that way too. Gives them something to tell their constituents.
It's more than a bit concerning that the most flexible, agile, and innovative part of the economy is the military.
Any one else think we need CARPA - the Civilian Advanced Research Project Agency? Preferably one that has nothing to do with the government.
Darpa was originally called ARPA. Advanced Research Project Agency. The problem is the civilian government kept cutting it's budget because civilians don't' need advance research(see Tea Party and current science trends in America for a scary example)
The DOD worked with ARPA to fund it by renaming it to DARPA. DARPA got to do all of it's cool stuff only now they advertise to the congress critters as Defense so it doesn't get budget cut.
The problem is the civilian government kept cutting it's budget because civilians don't' need advance research(see Tea Party and current science trends in America for a scary example)
The decline in US science predates unhappy people unwilling to pay for it. There are a lot of big "science" projects and fields out there which are fundamentally broken scientifically and economically, such as fusion research and manned space.
Most of the people advocating continued public funding of science have yet to explain how to reverse the trend of declining scientific value per money spent. Best I've heard is to maintain a balance of small versus large projects, but that's only a part of the probl
like all things way to much of the money is spent on marketing and selling up your idea to get funding.
While most of what Darpa funds does thisThey also fund many little things that you don't realize you use.
I disagree, without DARPA, we would have internet2 for gov and education while the rest of us are stuck on AOL or Prodigy.
Well, that's what happened anyway. People just didn't stay stuck on AOL and Prodigy because of popular open alternatives such as email, USENET, and the WWW. DARPA had nothing to do with these aside from paying someone (AT&T maybe?) to build the first email system.
and then they formed IARPA
http://www.iarpa.gov/whatis.html [iarpa.gov]
Any one else think we need CARPA - the Civilian Advanced Research Project Agency? Preferably one that has nothing to do with the government.
Based on the amount of money US companies invest in R&D, I think the answer is self-evident: no, no one else thinks that.
Exception: Google does spend a metric shitload of money [google.com] on R&D, but since their main business is spying on you [google.com] and stealing intellectual property [wikipedia.org] they didn't produce, that kind of calls into question the public benefit of their "research".
Sounds like standard CNC capabilities.
When I was working for Boeing, a decade ago, they were transitioning from fixed jig assembly to laser coordinate measurement driving floor mounted hydraulic positioning equipment.
The benefits were:
1) No more huge jigs. Need to adjust a setting? No need to mod the jig, just tweak the s/w.
2) Eventually, each assembly line could handle any model. Just punch a button and the jacks position themselves to hold any body section.
3) Everything was modular, floor mounted and relatively compact. Union problems? Just load your production equipment into a couple of shipping containers and move it to a more hospitable environment. Any large building with a flat floor will do.
This does come up against something I've been trying to work out the numbers on:
- what's the $ per hour figure for running such a machine?
- how does that balance against the efficiencies of ganging up elements (when possible) for production?
I've begun making wooden cases for my archery gear, and have the tools to do all the cuts efficiently (save for routing out the stopped dado / groove in the end pieces):
http://www.3riversarchery.com/images/Contest2010/WilliamAdamsTakeDownCase.jpg [3riversarchery.com]
It doesn'
I don't know what the cost breakdown is. Industrial Engineering is a discipline unto itself. But here are a few things to consider:
How many different jig/tooling setups will you need per case? How many parts will you make per setup? The more parts per setup, the better you will be able to spread your setup costs across multiple parts. You should time yourself on a couple of parts runs for this data.
On the other hand, the bigger the batches you do, the more money you'll have tied up in the material in proc
I always had this idea that somehow the DIY concept in the hands of frontline troops would dramatically reduce the cost of our weapons systems and result in more effective and practical equipment.
The current procurement process is:
1. DOD compiles a bunch of specs (the people compiling them are usually bureaucrats or desk general, who are always refighting the last war.)
2. Give specs to a bunch of greedy civilian contractors (who over promise vaporware).
3. Then designed by civilian engineers and scientists w
Why Pittsburgh and DC? DC is where all the bureaucrats are and as far as I know, Pittsburgh has no major military research laboratory. Why not put the lab near a major military research organization that does actual hands on research and would actually be interested in using these services?
It's a hackerspace for feds.
... across the USA (my modest proposal): http://pcast.ideascale.com/a/dtd/44897-8319 [ideascale.com]
"Being able to make things is an important part of prosperity, but that capability (and related confidence) has been slipping away in the USA. The USA needs more large neighborhood shops with a lot of flexible machine tools. The US government should fund the construction of 21,000 flexible fabrication facilities across the USA at a cost of US$50 billion, places where any American can go to learn about and use CNC equipment l
I have a TechShop membership, and have spent a lot of time there. What goes on there is mostly not all that high-tech. Most of it is hobby artwork. Some people are repairing cars. Others are making furniture. The electronics facilities are basic and little used. Much of the machine shop usage is by pros from companies nearby that need some machining done.
At times, it's rather pathetic. iPhones and iPads are made in China. Here in Silicon Valley, we have people making bamboo cases for them, and cheap plastic things to hold them on dashboads with suction cups.
It's selection bias. It's going to take a long time for the next generation of inventors and engineers to grow in to this new opportunity. Most of us who came of age before the techshop business model came in to existence have developed our own basement machine shops for want of such a service. Those of us that already have them prefer the convenience of our basement. But those who do not already have the capability will slowly begin to fill this empty space which didn't use to exist.
I THINK MAN INVENTED THE CAR by instinct. -- Jack Handley, The New Mexican, 1988.


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Originally Posted by SteelBucks
I know what you mean but I don't want a 9-7 team limping into the playoffs. The Steelers need to figure this out quickly or it will be one and done if they get into the postseason. It's safe to say they are not peaking at the right time.
They just need to get healthy. There were some serious mistakes today. Brown should have kicked the ball out of pounds to keep 5 points off the board. Wallace dropped a huge ball and the defense played like crap. After last week no one expected this game but with Ben coming back from injury the defense needed to play better. Even in garbage time you have to be encouraged with how the offense closed out the game. Hopefully DeCastro is ready to go and we pull Mendenhall out of the dog house. We're going to need Mendenhall going forward because for as much as I like Redman and Dwyer neither have "elite" intangibles. However I do agree, I have no desire to limp in to the playoffs and pull a one and done.
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"The injuries are pretty much the same," interim head coach Wade Phillips said. "Everybody that I said yesterday would practice did practice. Garrett Graham did not practice again today."
Graham is nursing a hamstring injury that forced him to miss Sunday's loss at Indianapolis. Phillips
"It's similar to last week and he didn't play last week," Phillips said. "It's not looking good from that standpoint. Now, Brad Smelley didn't practice today either. He's the one that had a bad back yesterday. We're hoping he's going to get better by game time. He's iffy right now."
The club signed tight end


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Sponsored By
Luke Bryan A 'True Southern Gentleman' As He Re-Defends National Anthem PerformanceFresh off his performance of the National Anthem at the MLB All-Star Game, Luke Bryan appeared on Good Morning America's Summer Concert Series on Friday (July 13th). Robin Roberts called Luke a 'true southern gentleman,' as he humbly defended his performance. Following the interview, Luke had NYC's Central Park early morning cowgirls swooning as the crowd joined in when he performed his recent number one smash hit single, "Drunk On You!"


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Centered in the heart of Florida's 20 judicial circuits, the Courts of the Tenth Judicial Circuit serve Hardee, Highlands, and Polk Counties. The tri-county area has diverse localities ranging from urbanized population centers to profoundly rural areas. Twenty-eight circuit judges and twelve county court judges serve a population of approximately 728, 612 people in a 3,676 square mile area.
In the State of Florida, the court system is organized in four different tiers, with a two-tier appellate court system, and a two-tier trial court system. The Supreme Court of Florida and the five District Courts of Appeal make up the appellate court system. In the trial court system, all 20 judicial circuits have one circuit court encompassing one or more county courts. The Tenth Judicial Circuit Court has three county courts, one each in Hardee (Wauchula), Highlands (Sebring), and Polk (Bartow) Counties.
The Tenth Judicial Circuit is a court of general jurisdiction and is comprised of five divisions: Civil, Criminal (Felony), Family, Juvenile, and Probate. Each of the five divisions is under the auspices of an administrative judge, appointed by the chief judge. County courts are courts of limited jurisdiction where criminal misdemeanors, traffic cases and civil cases under $15,000 (landlord/tenant, small claims) are heard. Each county court is overseen by an administrative judge appointed by the chief judge.
The Courts of the Tenth Judicial Circuit will conduct their business openly, will ensure that all persons with legitimate business before the Courts have access to their proceedings, and will make their facilities safe, accessible and convenient to use.
The Courts of the Tenth Judicial Circuit will meet their responsibilities to everyone affected by their actions and activities in a timely and expeditious manner.
The Courts of the Tenth Judicial Circuit will provide due process and equal protection of the law to all who have business before them by applying the principles of equality, fairness and integrity in reaching decisions.
The Courts of the Tenth Judicial Circuit will conduct their business and activities in a way that will instill public trust and confidence.


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WESTFIELD - The Chautauqua County Historical Society is inviting residents and supporters of local history to attend its annual fundraiser and gala on June 8 in Westfield.
"A Joyful Sound" will take place from 6 to 8 p.m. at the historic McClurg Museum in Moore Park, located at the corner of Routes 394 and 20 in the village.
"This is our single biggest fundraising event of the year," President of the Chautauqua County Historical Society James O'Brien said. "It's going to be a wonderful evening designed to support and promote local history in Chautauqua County. We hope to see a lot of familiar faces as well as some new ones during the evening."
The fundraiser will feature hearty hors d'oeuvres and wine tasting, along with music by Irish-American songs performed by the musical duo of Doc & Bill.
Attendees will also have the opportunity to tour the McClurg Museum and learn more about the new exhibits that have been added and receive more details about some recent renovations. There will also be the debut of a new exhibit focusing on Westfield native and Civil War veteran Frederick Barger.
Barger enrolled in the 49th Infantry Regiment in Westfield at the age of 19. On Dec.13, 1862, he was wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Va., and his right forearm was amputated in the field hospital. His diary of 1862, neatly written with his right hand, switched over to his left hand some 10 days after the amputation.
Later in the war, he met President Lincoln and was appointed post master of Westfield. Excerpts from his diary, as well as photos and other related artifacts, will be on display in the new exhibit.
In addition to the gala fundraiser, the 9th New York Cavalry reenactment group will be staging an encampment in Moore Park the entire weekend, with activities taking place throughout the day on Saturday. Those who wish to attend the gala may want to arrive in Westfield early to also take advantage of the free encampment events.
The fundraiser and gala event Saturday evening, June 8 at the McClurg will be $50 per person, with all proceeds going to support the McClurg Museum operations, an all-volunteer organization.
For tickets and reservations, call 326-2977 or contact any member of the board of trustees.


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Apple Puddings with Butterscotch Sauce
- Tags:apples, butterscotch and caramel, cream, nuts
- Location:Melbourne, Australia
- Mood:cheerful
- Music:Have They Forgotten :: The Living End
This apple pudding was one I baked for another week of my cook book chalenge. This one came from Donna Hay's "Seasons". It's definitely pretty high on my Favourite Desserts list now.
Butterscotch sauce is enough of a draw card for me, but these apple puddings just look so lovely and elegant. I love the way the pieces of apple curl back like little petals.
I'd never made butterscotch sauce before, and after this I am definitely going to have to make it much more often. It's not only so easy, it's so delicious. Combined with this pudding, it's perfection.
The cakes are so light and fluffy and delicious. I love the caramel flavour the brown sugar lends to them. But they definitely need this sauce. Alone I imaging they'd become too dry and dull after a few mouthfuls, but with this sauce it's hard to stop.
There were only two of us for dessert this night, so at first I decided to halve the recipe. Then I had a brain fade and added a full quantity of sugar, so I had no choice but to make a full batch. I regret nothing. I did two puddings in the 1 cup-capacity dishes called for in the recipe and put the leftovers into a cupcake tin for noms the following night.
The puddings definitely look better if you don't peel the apples as the recipe suggests, but they won't soften during baking as the rest of the apples do. If you don't like the chewy texture of the baked skin and don't care about aesthetics, feel free to peel the apples first.
Apple Puddings with Butterscotch Sauce
2 red apples, thinly slice
If you'd like to see more photos of these, the mini-puddings, or hear more about the book this is from, or download the printable version of this recipe, check out the post @ Cakecrumbs.


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Last night, after work, I headed out for a run. My goal was five miles at an easy pace, but the main priority was to not worsen the hamstring. Compared to last week, my stride was way, way better. It's not perfect, but it's close. I deliberately picked a course with varying terrain so that I'd see how I felt on pavement and dirt roads, on ups, downs and level terrain. Overall, I felt best on downs and ups, and the slight limitations in my stride were worst on the level terrain.
But, I completed five miles with no real pain. I didn't push the pace at all. After the run, I immediately iced the entire hamstring. After the leg had returned to normal temperature, I hooked up the e-stim machine for a while. Then, some rolling with the Stick, and finally a little massage with Biofreeze.
This afternoon, I see the PT, and he'll do ultrasound, massage work, and foam rolling.
After the PT appointment today, I'm going to a local high school track meet. The son of a current co-worker is a promising young runner who ran a 5K in the low 17s last summer. He finished third in his division at the state XC championships last fall. The school he runs for is dropping down a division and he's the odds-on favorite to win the championship this fall.
For his high school senior project, he is planning to run a marathon. He is going to report on the physical, nutritional and mental aspects of preparing for and running the race. Every student is required to have a mentor and Peter asked me to be his mentor. I will design his training program for the marathon, but I have to take his track and cross country goals into account. He has a real chance to win the state XC individual championship in his division next fall, and I don't want to do anything to mess with those chances.
Tonight, I'm going to go and watch him run the 1500 and the 3000 - just offering some moral support and letting him know I'm interested in how he's doing. We start working together more seriously after he finally picks his target marathon.
After the track meet, I'm going to go to the gym. I'll do some upper-body lifting and then some intervals on the stair climber. Tomorrow after work, I think I'm going to try a slightly longer run and see how things feel.
Trying to stay active and healthy as a retired distance runner and a current cancer patient
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
Nice easy run
Posted by Damon at 7:29 AM
2 comments:
- Fat Charlie the Archangel said...
It's entirely possible that marathon training might only increase his chances for anything over two miles.
...who, me? Not running at all right now - Hell Spur Syndrome, brought on by trauma (doing repeats in racing flats). I'm swimming for at least another week before attempting another run.
- May 13, 2009 at 6:54 PM
- Damon said...
Jim, I didn't know the heel (or is it both) was bothering you that much. The past few weeks have been tough for me. I'm not used to being injured and unable to run. Hopefully you'll be back running soon.
- May 14, 2009 at 10:16 AM
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The lights are on
I'm sure that if you've been playing the battlefield 4 beta like most of us, you probably noticed a few bugs. Feel free to put reply to this and hopefully Dice will see it and fix them ASAP
Im playing the official battlefield 4 and im suppose to be half way done with the campaign and i find out that i havent even started the campaign but my achievements say otherwise. thats crap. fix your bugs or dont release it. i waisted more hours than i would of like too for nothing.
I played upto 6 missions then the next day i start the game it starts from the first mission *** this crap fix it dice and ea


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Reproduction 1940 Ford coupe body. Photo courtesy Ford Media.
While Dennis Carpenter's all-steel reproduction 1940 Ford coupe bodies have been available for a couple of months now, they didn't receive the official stamp of approval from Ford Motor Company until last week, just in time for the companies to show the bodies off at the annual SEMA trade show.
The second such all-steel reproduction body that Ford has officially licensed, the 1940 Ford coupe project began more than two years ago, when Bob Drake Reproductions of Grants Pass, Oregon, began working with a Taiwanese company, Muscle Car GT, to develop new tooling for every panel and component necessary to assemble an entire body shell. In early 2010, Bob Drake Reproductions claimed that the bodies would be available by that fall, but while the company was able to offer individual reproduction body panels in steel, it never did progress to offering entire steel bodies. The project then transferred in January to Dennis Carpenter Ford Restoration Parts, which began the licensing process with Ford, finalized the development of the tooling and stamping process with Muscle Car GT, and then selected Sanford, Florida-based Real Deal Steel to assemble the components into full bodies here in the United States. The first completed body then came together in August.
Carpenter, who specializes in locating original Ford factory tooling and pressing it back into service making reproduction Ford parts, said there was little chance of finding the original body tooling for the 1940 Ford coupe. "Those were scrapped many many years ago," he said. "The earliest tooling we've found so far has been from the 1960s." However, through working with Ford Motor Company, he said they were able to locate some of the original drawings for the 1940 Ford, though they weren't as helpful as they expected. "We found that back then, the drawings only offered general dimensions; the tool and die maker on the factory floor actually did the final dimensions."
Joe Whitaker from Real Deal Steel said that the bodies are built to the original Ford blueprints, but that doesn't mean there wasn't room for improvement in the assembly process, given that Ford originally mass produced the bodies and Real Deal Steel will craft each one by hand. "Basically we're using the same steel used in modern automotive construction, but because we're using a high-tension stamping process, which puts a real strong finish in the panel, we're able to use 19-gauge steel instead of the original 18-gauge; all the subrails and inner bracing remains 16-gauge, just like Henry used," Whitaker said. "We're using about 20 to 25 percent more spot welds than originally used. Also, during the assembly process we build the body around fixtures, which allows us to assemble the doors and decklid before we do the final fit of the rear quarters and tailpan. That's quite an improvement in fit and finish over building the bodies, then hanging the doors and decklid afterward, as Ford originally did."
Photos courtesy Joe Whitaker, Real Deal Steel.
Whitaker said he and Randy Irwin, his partner in Real Deal Steel, can put together a complete 1940 Ford coupe body in about four days. With some experience, he said he believes they can eventually complete the coupe bodies in three days, the same amount of time it takes them to assemble steel reproduction 1957 Chevrolet convertible bodies.
The basic body shell – without doors or decklid – sells exclusively through Dennis Carpenter Ford Restoration Parts for $11,900. Adding both doors and decklid raises the price to $15,450. The body shell comes with either a standard or recessed firewall.
At SEMA, Ford will display both a bare reproduction body and one finished as a copper-colored street rod powered by a Coyote 5.0-liter V-8 and four-speed automatic transmission.
Carpenter said there are currently no plans to broaden his company's range of steel reproduction bodies beyond the 1940 Ford coupe, but didn't rule out the possibility of that happening.
Can't ask for anything much nicer than that. Now where is that winning Lotto ticket???????
Only the 40 DeLuxe? Mine was a 40 Std. – grill more like a 39 Deluxe and only one taillight (if I remember correctly). (The single taillight might have be on my '37 V8 60 business coupe.
That's going back 50 years so my old brain doesn't remember too good anymore.
The '40 Deluxe and Standard coupes had identical bodies but with different hood and grille, and trim items such as headlight rims. You are correct in that originally, the Standard had only one taillight on the driver's side, as did earlier Standard models. 1940 Standard cars, 1940-41 Pickups & 1941 Sedan Delivery all had the same grille & headlight rims.
You did not mention how much the 57 chevy convertible cost or any pictures of it?
Oh man, those are beautiful.
I imagine you can be repro frames as well and build a completely new '40 Ford.
What an awesome country we live in!
I lost interest in street/hot rods about 30 years ago. But, take that coupe exactly as it sits in a deep gloss black, baby block Ford drivetrain…gets me in the mood to build one again.
You have a winner, Denis
I'm glad to see something like this come along. Considering the cost and time involved to bring some rusty relic back to life, the price is pretty good. On the other hand, it frees up the original units for the purist restoration types. Win-win all the way. Too bad that all 30s-40s Ford cars and trucks aren't available in reproduction. But at least things are moving forward.
Fantastic 🙂
Great now we have to look at every stock 40 for to see if it is fake, just like half the model a roadsters and 32 roadsters, and now 57 chevy convertibles. Super.
who gives a rat's patootie if it's original or a repop? By the time most guys get through resto-moding them the shell is the only thing that looks original. Like geomechs said…it leaves the real original bodys for the purists who may want to build a concourse car.
The problem is guys will take sedans and build STOCK coupes. A stock coupe is a big money car.
They do that with 32 roadsters, they were meant to be hot rods, well guys take a steel brookville body, get whats left of a 32 that is now a hotrod and build a "CLONE" "FAKE" 32 roadster.
The same will now happen with 40 coupes.
They hot rod, resto rod guys are not the issue.
this is a real challenge now for the judges…what is real and what is a repro? does it mean the work done on a real one is not as valuable as a repro?
I was thinking the same thing. As if the '32 bodies weren't hard enough to figure out, now this.. I mean, it's good to have reproduction parts available for sure, but I'm not sure how much I personally like the idea of just building a new '40 Ford. I'm not a fan of street rods anyway, which I'm sure 99.9999% of these bodies will be used for. Who in their right mind would build an "original" (spec) 1940 Ford (other than me)?! No, they'll be turned into red street rods-a-plenty. Not that it's a bad thing, it's just not my cup of tea. Kudos to Dennis Carpenter & Co. for tracking down everything needed to complete this challenge, though.
I thought I'd share with you that another man to thank for this '40 coupe body is Bob Drake, who was the one to really launch this project by supplying the sample bodies and original Ford blueprints. Drake was the force behind this whole project until the final stages. Sadly, Drake's relationship with the body manufacturer in Taiwan became severed and it was then entirely shifted to Real Deal Steel and Dennis Carpenter for US distribution. I worked directly on this whole project and I sincerely hope to see these coupes chugging down the road soon. What a cool thing it is!
Back in the 1970s, many sailboat manufacturers were offering to sell semi-finished boats to those who thought they could save many thousands of dollars by finishing their "dream boat" themselves. The factories supplied a hull with the deck attached, an the buyer was then responsible for the power unit, electrical, mast, rigging, interior, etc, etc, etc! A close friend, who owned the largest sailboat chandlery in the Northwest offered to buy prospective "do-it-yourselfers" any semi-finished boat they wanted if they would sign a contract to buy all of necessary parts to finish it from him. As the old cliche says, "The devil is in the details", and most people have no idea how many "details" (and unanticipated costs) are involved in projects like this.
However, considering that I bought my first "40 Ford over 60 years ago, and went the whole full-race flat head, custom route, in my advanced years, I still might be tempted to throw caution to the winds, and dive into one more project like this. If I didn't spend money on old cars, I'd just waste it on food and medical care.
The 40 Ford Coupe is one of Henry's best offerings, and I'm sure within a few years we'll start seeing some of these repo coupes at the cars shows that we attend. I'm not looking forward to competing against them with my 80 year old 33 Ford Coupe, but I already do that against many plastic cars now, so I quess the more the marrier. Steel cars are Real cars. DON DV.
some people could find something negative to say about a pink polka dot unicorn with rainbow bubbles coming out of its nose and 100 dollar bills falling out of its saddle bags.
ugh, rainbow bubbles? I wanted strawberry.
Yes, but where do you get all the chrome parts, bumpers, ect, upolstery, glass?
they will sell all of that to you as well…look at their website
Oh no this is so much better. Just drink some of the Kool-Aid and relax.
Well, like it or not, that's the only way stuff like this is going to happen. They've got the manufacturing equipment, lots of labor and steel go into the tooling, and shipping is a relatively small part of the total cost. As a former tooling automation engineer I can tell you there's no way North America can do this on such a small scale, we're barely competitive on large scale runs.
If you've got that kind of scratch (which I don't) go for it.
Then how can Brookville who makes a better product build stamp and build thier bodies in the USA?
Well, for starts I'd say they can expect to sell more 32 bodies than these guys will sell 40 coupes, so there's an economy of scale. At a glance the 40 stampings are larger with a deeper draw than Model A's and 32's which makes the tooling exponentially more costly and stamping presses bigger. Also Brookville has been making bodies for years and has been able to surf the wave of interest in auto restoration. I suspect that the wave has crested so they're probably not counting on bigger sales numbers each year.
Lovely stampings by the way, look at the front fender…
Look at the problem with the body line on the front door, oops.
If they wanted to build the parts here they could, and should.
Ford should not approve them if they are built overseas.
If we don't give americans jobs building things who are we going to sell these bodies too?
I doubt there will be much of a demand for them in communist china.
I don't think Ford loses much sleep over where a few dozen repop bodies get made.
Interestingly all the Genuine Ford parts I get for my Focus are now made in China too. Clearly they're not losing any sleep over that either.
Well that is the problem, nobody is losing sleep and everything is cool…
I saw one of these bodies at Hershey and was very impressed with the quality. I am not a hotrodder, but something like this will meet the need of rodders and leave the real deal for the rest of us.
Nice job Dennis.
I agreee, and think that's the best part of this. I feel the same way about reproduction 69 Mustangs. Build as wild a resto mod as you want but leave the originals alone. Wonder how you get something like this registered though?
Most states will register these either using the VIN (vehicle identification number) of an original chassis, or an assigned VIN tagged to a new frame. If you can score a 1940 Ford coupe title, then you could register it as a 1940 as long as the VIN on the frame and title match. Newly assigned VINs will most likely be titled as "1940 Ford Assembled 20XX". All will probably require a physical VIN inspection and certification done by the state motor vehicle officials, who are usually very helpful in registering historical vehicles like these, however, my first suggestion is finding a 1940 Ford coupe title which will avoid added paperwork, plus add a little more value to the finished project.
I was thinking of these when i saw an old bug the other day.
These fords were pretty scarce already in the 60s,JCWhitney was selling fiberglass 40 ford noses for the bug as well as the Rolls snout.
I remember a freind of a friend having the Rolls-Royce kit on his Bug, back in the mid '80's. I had also seen a '40 kit on another.
If this will keep just one person from ruining a good original coupe for a rod, I am for it. They are only original once.
But what is the real deal, I have seen guys start with a radiator cap and build a car around it and call it original.
What a great '40 Ford body!!! As for price, I think it's very reasonable. It appears stock and/or rodded '40's are bringing anywhere from $35,000 to $50,000 plus and with this perfect body, doors, trunk, hood, floor pan and all, it would appear to me that a restored or rodded one could be done for much the same and be "all new". And with everything like you wanted it, within reason, that is….
I am not a rodder nor an American but I love the pre '60's cars. if any of the bodies can be reprodused and then fitted out for the road or show, to me this is a bonus. I would be willing to buy the whole kit and body and have it shipped out here to Australia and then assemble it for my ride, in red of course.
While we are talking reproductions, Is there any company over there that reproduces artificial wood panels for wagons? Reply firstname.lastname@example.com
I'm In the restoration and hot rod industry, and I am extremely grateful for these companies stepping up and reproducing these bodies. the 40 coupe the 32 5 window and the 32 3 window along with the roadster bodies along with the truck cabs and the 57's. I'm fairly young in my mid 30's and I for one am glad that there is new material from witch to build new hot rods with and save some original cars that were too far gone before these parts were available, and some of the prices of the repo stuff is a little cheaper than the real deal so it makes it a little more affordable for a person to get involved in our hobby/industry.
If you were to build one at home and starting with a repo body it saves a lot of time and frustration in rust repair and bump and denting.
Just my two cents.
It was a classic when I attended Mt. Carmel High School in Southern Calif back in 1956 to1959. There were at least two of those beauties parking next the curb back then. The beauty queens back then have been replaced by the current crop; really perfect reproduction they are with their perfect matching curves…
So why not this perfect genetic reproduction? It should hardly matters at one of those concourses… You ask why?
Well, the simple truth is those so called perfect restorations are hardly original once they are completed, due to the fact that not one of them came off Fords production line looking that good… Charles Gibilterra ~ email@example.com
mostly the paint back then ,was slightly better than machinery enamel . thats it dulux was it low shine.
acaralyd was decades away for ford And
"never needs waxing" was the tune in 59.
Yes, it is very nice HOWEVER . . . . if somebody buys a 2012 made body and puts it on a 2012 made frame and installs a made in 2012 engine and wiring and upholstery, etc Should not the brand new 2012 car comply with all the 2012 automotive standards?
2012 Hot Rod? YES! 1940 Ford NO!
There are too many rodders who benefit from OLD car exemptions when they are actually brand new cars.
It should not allowed to be registered as a 1940 car because it is not. It should have ALL current emission and safety equipment, it is a 2012 car, it needs air bags and current emission testing.
That'd kill the hobby in one fell swoop.
No it would just kill the repros, and kit cars. It would protect the value on all of our REAL cars.
Maybe some of us just like old cars and don't give a rip about anybody's return on investment?
I, for one, am very much in favor of more '40 Fords; stock, hot rodded, or just gathering dust in barns. They are beautiful and I think we're all better of for them.
INTERESTING COMMENT. tHE nsra DOES A 23 POINT INSPECTION FOR THESE CARS AND THEY HAVE TO HAVE ALL OF THE THINGS YOU MENTION TO BE ABLE TO PASS. mY 1940 COUPE HAS EVERYTHING THAT MY 2010 cADILLAC HAS EXCEPT THE AIRBAGS…AND IT PASSES THE EMISSION TESTS IN WASHINGTON STATE!
Aluminum next?
This is great, more '40 Fords. I was a little disappointed they use 19 gauge instead of 18.
Hope they make this 1940 body better than they build their 1936 Ford grill.
Yes its a good thing that FOMOCO let Dennis Carpenter build the '40 Ford. But the only thing it will be hard to find in the years to come what is a real steel body '40 Ford otherwise its good thing because the parts will be in production than not being in production. Which I think helps the street rod or restoration world keep growing.
Hi Dennis, Nice job on this mold. It makes me want to start an Opera Coupe project now. By the way, I'm good friends with one of your old Ford buddies/cam jammer/V-8 Club member Bill Cassidy. You should give me a buzz and we could go visit Bill one day. If you ever need a rare gas pump, they don't call me "Goober" for nothin'
Kind Regards…330-428-1125
If someone purchases a 1940 ford with the hood and doors, what other parts are included? Is a motor included?
This project is a credit to these guys, & reasonably priced. I hope their backup service is better than Bob Drake… I bought two doors from Bob Drake & had them shipped to Australia. When i unpacked the crate one door had two large dents, You wouldnt send a box of apples in that crate – no protection packaging & the lid was hanging loose . What a disgrace to send such precious items internationally. I spent the next 12 months trying to have bob drakes would be manager replace them… he blamed the shipping company – yet the crate was not damaged. Look after your customers guys…..Mike AUS
they could make 57 ford converts ,on fords line
again with air bags , two masive air vets and all.
Could be worse , we could be building B17 roadsters <(remote control b 17s with tops cut off
and filled with torpedo fluid. or are we doing that now.
henry's metallurgist were the best anywhere,
i'd like to see that foreign steel meet
fomoco's 1940 rockwell hardness standards.
bet it dont
What I want to know is after all the hoopla and flag waving etc, how many of these things have they actually sold and why haven't we seen any finished cars featured in the magazines yet? It's been over 3 years, plenty of time to put one together without having to rebuild half the body first. Did Bob drake get to keep the one body he put together or did they take that away from him too?
Even with all the negativity surrounding Bob' s business, I still use as much of his stuff as I can when I start each new project.because he's always treated me right.
Hope I can afford a repro '56 Fireflite convertible when it comes to market. Would give a rat's rear if it was real or repro…no, actually I would rather have a new all-steel body than suffer over a patched and filled original.
By the way, I wonder if Cord Pilot went ballistic when the Glen Pray(?) version of the 810 hit the street? Terrible way IMHO to 'honor' what I consider the best design ever.
How many 1940 coupes are too many?
Will there be a convertible B40?


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WOODSTOCK – The deadline is approaching for nominations for the Spirit of Public Health Awards.
Now in its eighth year, the McHenry County Health Department will honor people who are committed to making their community healthy.
This yearly celebration coincides with National Public Health Week (April 1 to 7). The nomination deadline is March 22.
Past recipients of the Spirit Award have raised awareness for breast cancer, done community service for children in need, led recycling efforts at a clinic, advocated for the dangers of furniture tip-overs, helped seniors with home repairs and provided mental health/pet therapy for at-risk youth.
Nominations should be in short story format (minimum of 150 words) and may be submitted by email to email@example.com, by fax to 815-334-4635 or by mail to McHenry County Department of Health, Attn: Spirit Awards, 2200 N. Seminary Ave., Woodstock, IL 60098.
A flier for the Spirit Awards is posted at www.mcdh.info with photos of previous years' recipients. Spirit Award recipients and their nominators will be invited to attend the health department's Public Health Awards ceremony in April at the McHenry County Government Center in Woodstock.
For information, call Debra Quackenbush at 815-334-4456.


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Supporting the "Transformation" of libraries is a priority of the Association's 2015 Strategic Plan, and the rapid shift from print to digital content is one of the more dramatic developments now transforming libraries of all types.
New digital forms of information offer rich and extraordinary opportunities for libraries to expand community access to information and to revolutionize in positive ways the relationship between libraries and users. At the same time, these new forms of digital content pose new challenges.
As libraries struggle to meet the challenges of providing digital content in an environment characterized by significant uncertainty and changing on a daily basis, there is a need for an Association-wide group of experts, broadly representative of the many constituencies within the library community, that can proactively address these digital content opportunities and issues at the highest level and from both a policy and practical perspective.
To this end, the ALA Working Group on Libraries and Digital Content is charged to:
- Advise the Association regarding opportunities and issues related to libraries and digital content and the provision of equitable access to digital content for all.
- Explore, analyze and share information on various options for expanding access to digital content for libraries and the public and for overcoming legal, technological, policy and economic barriers to equitable access
- Suggest information and training that would be of use to librarians so that they can make informed choices, serve as advocates for digital access, and design and support digital services.
- Advise the Association on efforts to increase public awareness and understanding of issues related to access to digital content and the challenges to/role of libraries in providing equitable access to digital resources.
- Assist in the identification of strategies to influence decision makers—whether government officials, publishers, other information service providers, interest groups, and others—to effect changes that would assist libraries in better serving their communities.
Address specific issues such as Business Models, Accessibility, Privacy, Education for the Library Community, Public Outreach and Publisher/Service Provider Relations through working subcommittees, bringing in other experts and advisors as appropriate.
- Serve as formal liaisons to various ALA and ALA affiliate groups (examples would include the divisions, round tables, ethnic affiliates, and ALA Accessibility Assembly).
- As appropriate, reach out to other organizations and experts in other fields in order to better understand the broad technological, social and economic environments and trends and their potential impact on libraries.
No roster found.
Displaying active committee roster as of 05/21/2018. Last retrieved on 05/21/2018. Members can log in to view full contact information for committee members.
Working Group members will be selected by the ALA President based on their high level of expertise and range of experience regarding libraries and digital content. Working Group members will be broadly representative of the various constituencies within the Association and library community and various types of libraries and library situations (e.g., urban, rural). For this reason, the group is larger than most ALA committees. Appointment.s are for two years.
Formed after Annual 2011.


text:
THE work is done and the creations are hung.
Welcome to Art Rules, one of Hazelhurst Gallery's most popular exhibitions that is open for viewing, and open to interpretation.
On display are the works by 21 St George and Sutherland Shire high school graduates who wrapped up the year with impressive HSC artworks.
Students embraced different themes ranging from personal concerns to global issues in drawings, paintings, photography, sculpture and digital media.
Caringbah High School graduate and aspiring art teacher Jacob Boylan, 18, of Cronulla, painted an ocean-themed series of surf art. Using screen print and collage layers, his piece Davy Jones Locker symbolises "dying at sea". "I tried to take the techniques explored by artists I studied, like Warhol, and Basque art, and combined it with tattoo art," he said.
"When I started painting, I wanted to be so original, but you realise artists before you have already done everything you could possibly think of.
"That's when you just go from that, and develop your own style."
Gallery curator Liz Nowell said the standard was exceptional each year.
"There's so much great work and plenty of diversity to choose from," she said.
"We get up to about 70 entries and so many people through the exhibition, including other curators."
The free exhibition ends on January 20.


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Picking up where language designers leave off
Matthias is a professor at the College of Computer Science at Northeastern University; Robert is an assistant professor of computer science at the University of Chicago; Matthew is an assistant professor in the School of Computing at the University of Utah; and Shriram is an assistant professor of computer science at Brown University. They can be contacted at [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected], respectively.
At some point, every language design has to end. The design of Java, for example, includes constructs from for loops to inner classes, but does not include a foreach construct, a lex/yacc-style parser-generator form, call-by-reference methods, or many other constructs.
Macro systems let programmers continue where language designers left off and extend languages with new constructs. Furthermore, macro-extended languages continue to work with the basic tool chainin contrast to lex- and yacc-style language extensions, for example, which require modified code generators, makefiles, and the like. Finally, if the macro system uses patterns to specify language extensions, macros are easily defined and understood in terms of a simple rewriting process.
One apparent drawback of pattern-based macros is that they cannot express interesting language extensions, such as new forms of variable binding or new forms of control. Macros in C are certainly limited in this regard, but pattern-based macros can be considerably more expressive in principle. In this article, we show how pattern-based macros in Scheme can express interesting language extensions, such as a call-by-reference extension of a call-by-value language.
A second drawback of macros in general is that they interact poorly with programming tools, such as type checkers and debuggers, which have difficulty correlating a program's original source and its macro-expanded version. Again, C macros certainly exhibit this problem, but Scheme macros play well with source-correlating tools, and they play well for much the same reason that they can implement interesting language extensions. Scheme macros thus provide a foundation for building little languages that fit neatly into existing programming environments.
Pattern-Based Macros
Most programmers are familiar with C-style pattern-based macros. In general, pattern-based macro definitions include pattern variables that match syntax fragments in a macro use. To expand a macro use, each pattern variable in the macro's template is replaced by the matching syntax fragment. For instance, in the ever-popular swap in Example 1(a), the swap(x,y) part is the pattern, x and y are pattern variables, and the {int tmp=y; y=x; x=tmp;} part is the template. Example 1(b) matches the pattern swap(x,y), where x is matched to c.red and y is matched to d->blue. Expansion proceeds by substituting c.red for x and d->blue for y in the template, producing Example 1(c). Although C macros are easy to understand, they have a deservedly poor reputation in that expansion is the only way to understand the macro. In particular, Example 1(d) expands to Example 1(e), which does not actually swap the values in tmp and other. The underlying problem is that the macro system manipulates plaintext instead of structured syntax fragments. As a result, the macro cannot implement your true intent, which is to have a private temporary variable, and it cannot help programming tools accurately relate the original source and its macro-expanded version. These problems with C macros are absent from Scheme's macro system.
Scheme Macro Basics
For simple tasks, Scheme macros look similar to C macros. The C macro header in Example 2(a) translates to Scheme as in Example 2(b). The syntax-rules part of the definition indicates that the macro takes "arguments," just as the parentheses after swap in C indicate a macro with arguments.
A C macro with arguments matches only one patterna certain number of comma-separated elements within parentheses. In contrast, a Scheme macro can match multiple patterns, and each pattern can have a specific structure, such as auxiliary keywords or nested parentheses. Therefore, syntax-rules in a macro definition is followed by a sequence of auxiliary keywords (to distinguish them from pattern variables), then a sequence of pattern-template pairs. For swap, you have no keywords and you have only one pattern, as in Example 2(c).
A use of swap such as in Example 3(a) roughly expands to Example 3(b), which is Scheme notation for introducing a local variable tmp1, then assigning y=x and x=tmp1. In other words, let acts like a new block for variable bindings, and set! acts like "=" for assignment.
The macro system adds the subscript in tmp1 to indicate that tmp was introduced by the macro, and it has no relationship to other existing syntax. Thus, even if swap is used with a variable named tmp, as in Example 3(c), this use of swap behaves as expected because the variables tmp and tmp1 are different in the expansion; see Example 3(d). Introducing subscripts, as in tmp1, ensures that language extensions play well with the lexically scoped base language. Avoiding unintentional capture by introduced variable declarations, as in Example 3(d), is only half of the problem, however. The macro system must also prevent unintended capture of introduced variables, as in Example 3(e) where (define (f x) ...) is Scheme notation for defining a function f that takes a single argument, x. The body of the function contains a local macro definition, swap-with-arg, followed by a block with local bindings of z and x and a body that uses swap-with-arg.
The local macro swap-with-arg swaps a variable's value with the value of f's x argument. Even if x has a different binding in the context where swap-with-arg is used, the x introduced by the macro expansion always refers to the function argument. In other words, in expanding the aforementioned definition, the second x must be renamed to preserve lexical scope; see Example 3(f).
In general, the macro system adds subscripts and superscripts as necessary to preserve lexical scope for the original identifiers.
Matching Multiple Patterns
A natural generalization of swap is the rotate macro, which rotates the values of a set of variables to the left. For example, (rotate bucket box bin) moves the value of box to bucket, the value of bin to box, and the value of bucket to bin. The rotate form should also work on four variables, as in (rotate n e s w), or any number of variables.
Rotating a set of variables is the same as swapping the first two, then rotating all but the first variable. Rotating a single variable has no effect. Based on these two observations, you can implement the rotate macro as in Example 4(a). The first pattern, (rotate a), matches when a single variable is supplied, and the expansion is the nonoperational (void) expression. The second pattern, (rotate a b c ...), contains ellipses that allow any number of matches for cincluding zero matches. Thus, the macro use (rotate n e s w) matches the second case, and expands to Example 4(b), which in turn expands to Example 4(c), and so on, ending with Example 4(d). The Scheme begin form combines and orders statements, so the expansion in Example 4 rotates n through w by bubbling n's value through the other variables.
Instead of bubbling one value through all of the variables, you can define a rotate macro that directly moves each value to its target. The new rotate uses a helper macro, and it shows how ellipses can be placed after any subpattern or subtemplate to generate multiple instantiations of the subpattern or subtemplate; see Example 5(a). Using these definitions, (rotate n e s w) expands to a kind of parallel assignment in Example 5(b), which in turn expands to Example 5(c). The use of ellipses after the subtemplate (set! to from) causes to and from matches to be paired up and instantiated together. The shift-to macro fails if the number of from matches is not the same as the number of to matches, but the use in rotate always creates the same number of each.
Identifier Macros
The C macro system supports two kinds of macrosfunction-shaped macros like swap, and identifier-shaped macros that match only the macro name. For example:
#define MAX_INT 0x7ffffff
defines a macro MAX INT so that it is replaced in any context with 0x7ffffff. A syntax-rules macro is always a swap-style macro. A syntax-id-rules macro is more like MAX INT, but the identifier's expansion can be made sensitive to the way that it's usedas the target of a set! assignment, immediately after an open parenthesis, or as an immediate expression. (In Scheme, the position after set! or after an open parenthesis is generally special.)
For example, the definition in Example 6 causes clock to act like a normal Scheme variable, but assignments and uses of the variable are implemented through a set-time! mutator function and a get-time accessor function. With this macro, clock expands to (get-time), while (set! clock 5) expands to (set-time! 5).
The middle case in the macro causes (clock 8) to expand to an error because applying clock as a function is useless. For other macros, the middle case is useful. In fact, the syntax-rules form could be considered a special case of syntax-id-rules with only the middle case.
Macro-Generating Macros
Macro-generating macros let you create new forms for defining other macros. For example, suppose you want to convert many sets of mutator-accessor functions to pseudovariables like clock. Instead of copying the definition of clock and replacing the names, you would instead prefer to write Example 7(a). The define-get/set-var form can be implemented as a macro-generating macro, as in Example 7(b).
The (... ...) combination in a template produces a plain ... in the macro expansion. In other words, the first ellipses escape the second ellipses so that the macro-produced macro contains pattern- and template-duplicating ellipses.
Extended Example: Call-by-Reference
The swap and rotate examples are special cases of call-by-reference functions. Using only the pattern-based macro tools described so far, you can implement an extension of Scheme for defining call-by-reference functions. Our new define-cbr form allows programs such as Example 8(a). Since f is a call-by-reference function, the swap in f swaps the values of the x and y variables passed to f in the example call.
The expansion of define-cbr consists of two parts. The first part introduces a do-f call-by-value function that acts like a call-by-reference version of f. Instead of accepting f's arguments directly, it accepts accessor and mutator functions. In particular, the f definition in Example 8(a) expands to 8(b). Where the original function had two arguments, a and b, the expanded function has four arguments: get1 and set1, which are functions to get and set a; and get2 and set2, which get and set b. Inside the function, a and b are mapped to the accessor and mutator functions using our define-get/set-var macro. The other half of the transformation affects uses of f. The use of f in Example 8(c) expands to a call to do-f, where the arguments x and y are replaced with functions that get and set the values of x and y; see Example 8(d).
The lambda keyword in Scheme means "anonymous function," and (lambda () x) is an anonymous function that accepts no arguments and returns x. Similarly, (lambda (v) (set! x v)) is an anonymous function that accepts one argument and puts it into x.
The key to connecting the definition of f to uses of f is that define-cbr is a macro-defining macro. It defines f as a macro that expands to uses of do-f. In other words, the (define-cbr (f a b) (swap a b)) definition actually expands to Example 8(e).
Our task, then, is to implement a define-cbr macro that expands as above. Half of this macro is straightforward; see Example 9(a). The ??? part turns out to be more complex. If define-cbr allowed only a single arg for the defined function, then ??? could be simply Example 9(b). To support multiple arguments, however, you must generate many distinct get and put names to go with many args. To generate the names, you can exploit the way the macro expander adds subscripts to introduced variables. The idea is to take one arg at a time and introduce a corresponding get and set, leaving the rest of the args to further expansion. Each expansion then adds a unique subscript to the just-introduced get and put.
The name-generating sequence of expansions requires a helper macro, which we name define-cbr-as-cbv, so that the ??? in define-cbr is replaced with Example 10(a). Then the extra () in this template provides a place to accumulate generated names. Initially, Example 10(b) expands to 10(c), but after two expansions, this code changes to 10(d), at which point it is easily converted to the final definition of do-f, since a is grouped with get1 and set1 and b is grouped with get2 and set2.
The implementation of define-cbr-as-cbv in Example 11 implements both phases of this translation.
Beyond Patterns
With the definitions of the define-get/set-var, define-cbr, and define-cbr-as-cbv macros, we have added call-by-reference functions to Scheme, using only 33 lines of pattern-based macro definitions. For many purposes, the implementation is complete, though it suffers some obvious limitations:
- Call-by-value functions in Scheme are higher order, which means that they can be passed to other functions or returned from other functions. Our call-by-reference functions are first-order, which means they can only be used in a direct call.
- When arguments are not variables, as in (f 1 2), the result is a set! syntax error. In most languages with call-by-reference functions, nonvariable arguments are effectively placed into a fresh dummy variable at the call site.
These problems cannot be solved using only pattern-matching macros in Scheme, and many other kinds of language extensions fall outside the capabilities of pattern-matching macros. Nevertheless, the ideas behind Scheme's pattern-matching macros provide a solid foundation for more elaborate macro systems.
The next level of macro sophistication in Scheme is the syntax-case macro system. A syntax-case macro can perform arbitrary computation (using Scheme) on the results of a pattern match. For example, a syntax-case macro can distinguish call-by-reference calls that have variable arguments from those that do not, and it can produce a different expansion in each case.
A syntax-case macro does not manipulate plain text, or even plain symbols and lists (as does a Lisp macro). Instead, the macro manipulates syntax objects, which encode the lexical context and source locations of program fragments. Consequently, just like a syntax-rules macro, a syntax-case macro respects the lexical structure of the source program (by default) and it plays well with source-correlating tools.
Syntax objects enable the implementation of most any little language or language extension. Using syntax-case, we have implemented a Java-like class system for Scheme, lex- and yacc-like forms for building parsers, and constructs for defining and linking program components. Programmers using these constructs do not reason about them in terms of their expansion. Instead, syntax objects allow the expansion to be hidden behind abstract definitions of the constructs, just as the inner workings of any compiler are hidden behind a language definition.
A language's concrete syntax need not be parenthesized to make use of syntax objects. In particular, we are currently developing implementations of Java and ML for our programming environment, DrScheme (see "Fostering Little Languages," DDJ, March 2004). Since our parsing tools produce syntax objects, we can treat Java and ML like macro extensions of Scheme. These macro implementations resemble typical Java-to-Scheme and ML-to-Scheme compilers, but little additional work is needed to adapt our entire programming environment to new languages.