text:
And now that you've been introduced to the subject covered by this series, it's time to review the topics covered in the first tutorial, in case you haven't read it yet. In that part I explained in depth the logic that stands behind the Strategy pattern, as well as how to use it for checking the validity of incoming data at a very basic level.
In that first example, I created a simple form helper class which was capable of taking different validator objects, or "strategies," via one of its core methods, not surprisingly called "addValidator()." This flexible schema permits it to assemble multiple validation strategies at run time, in order to check distinct kinds of data without having to define a monolithic class that attempts to validate everything.
With the helper class ready to be used at will, the next step that needs to be taken to implement the Strategy pattern is to begin defining the isolated classes responsible for checking input data. Therefore, in this second part of the series I'm going to create a brand new strategy class that will be tasked with validating integer numbers. According to the model imposed by the pattern, instances of this class and other classes will be injected afterward into the helper, thus setting up a specific validation strategy.
Now, it's time to leave the preliminaries behind and learn more on how to implement the Strategy design pattern in PHP. Let's get going!
{mospagebreak title=Review: implementing the Strategy design pattern to validate input data}
As I said in the introduction, in the previous part of the series I defined a basic form helper class for accepting different strategy objects from the outside via its "addValidator()" method. Just in case you still haven't seen the definition of this helper, below I reintroduced its source code, so you can analyze it and understand its driving logic. Here it is:
class FormHelper
protected $_validators = array();
protected $_errors = array();
// add a validator
public function addValidator(AbstractValidator $validator)
$this->_validators[] = $validator;
return $this;
// get all the validators
public function getValidators()
return !empty($this->_validators) ? $this->_validators : null;
// validate inputted data
public function validate()
$validators = $this->getValidators();
if (null !== $validators)
foreach ($validators as $validator)
if (!$validator->validate())
$this->_errors[] = $validator->getFormattedError();
return empty($this->_errors) ? true : false;
// get validation errors as an array
public function getErrors()
return $this->_errors;
// get validation errors as a string
public function getErrorString()
$errors = $this->getErrors();
return !empty($errors) ? implode(", $errors) : ";
// clear state of the form helper
public function clear()
$this->_validators = array();
$this->_errors = array();
Even though the form helper class defines only a few simple methods, the implementations of "addValidator()" and "validate()" are clear enough to demonstrate the logic behind the Strategy pattern. As you can see, instead of being one helper tasked with validating the supplied data, this responsibility has been delegated to the injected validator objects. This permits us to win a battle in two fronts: first, Composition is widely favored over Inheritance, and second, each validation process has been encapsulated into an isolated class (remember the sacred OOP principle that says "Encapsulate the concept that varies"?).
Okay, now that you're familiar with the inner workings of the above helper class, it's time to start defining the validators. As they will share a lot of common functionality, they will be derived from a generic abstract parent.
In the following segment I'm going to build this abstract validator class, so if you want to learn more details regarding this process, click on the link below and keep reading.
{mospagebreak title=Creating an abstract validation class}
Put in a simple way, the abstract validator that I plan to build here will rely heavily on PHP filters. Such filters are very useful for validating different data types in a painless fashion. With this abstract class seated on top of the hierarchy, creating refined child validators that check integers, email addresses and URLs will be a breeze.
Having said that, it's time to show the definition of the abstract validator. That's exactly what the following code fragment does. Check it out:
abstract class AbstractValidator
protected $_value = ";
protected $_filter = ";
protected $_options = null;
protected $_errorMessage = ";
protected $_errorPrefix = '<p>';
protected $_errorSufix = '</p>';
// constructor
public function __construct($value, array $options = null)
$this->_value = $value;
if (null !== $options)
// get supplied value
public function getValue()
return $this->_value;
// set validation options
public function setOptions(array $options)
if (empty($options))
throw new ValidatorException('Invalid options for the validator.');
$this->_options = $options;
// get validation options
public function getOptions()
return $this->_options;
// set the validation filter
public function setFilter($filter)
if (!is_string($filter))
throw new ValidatorException('Invalid filter for the validator.');
$this->_filter = $filter;
// get the validation filter
public function getFilter()
return $this->_filter;
// set the error message
public function setErrorMessage($errorMessage)
if (!is_string($errorMessage))
throw new ValidatorException('Invalid error message for the validator.');
$this->_errorMessage = $errorMessage;
// get error message
public function getErrorMessage()
return $this->_errorMessage;
// get formatted error string
public function getFormattedError()
return $this->_errorPrefix . 'The value ' . $this->getValue() . ' is incorrect. ' . $this->getErrorMessage() . $this->_errorSufix;
// validate the supplied value
public function validate()
return filter_var($this->getValue(), $this->getFilter(), $this->getOptions());
class ValidatorException extends Exception{}
From the above code sample, it's easy to understand how the "AbstractValidator" class works. It takes as an input argument the value to be checked via the constructor, and performs the actual verification process by using its "validate()" method, which is a proxy for the "filter_var()" built-in PHP function. The rest of the methods are pretty self explanatory; they allow you to set, format and get error messages, and assign additional options for a specific PHP filter. For obvious reasons the abstract validator doesn't set a default filter to validate a supplied value, as this should be specified by the subclasses derived from it.
So far, so good. Now that you've grasped the logic driving this generic validator, at this point you should have a clearer idea of how this class fits into the schema imposed by the Strategy pattern. In reality, refined implementations of the abstract validator will be "strategy" classes that can be inputted directly into another class, such as the helper defined in the previous tutorial.
You'll understand this concept better when I start creating some of those strategy classes, which will be responsible for checking predefined data types. Keeping this idea in mind, in the last segment I'm going to derive the first of these concrete validators. It will be tasked with checking whether or not a supplied value is an integer.
As usual, to see how this refined validator will be defined, click on the link below and read the lines to come.
{mospagebreak title=Validating integer numbers}
If you're anything like me, at this stage you want to see how to implement a concrete validation strategy, right? Well, considering that most of the functionality has already been encapsulated inside the previous "AbstractValidator," building a strategy class that checks to see whether or not an inputted value is an integer is as simple as deriving the following concrete validator:
class IntegerValidator extends AbstractValidator
protected $_filter = FILTER_VALIDATE_INT;
protected $_errorMessage = 'Please enter an integer value.';
There you have it. Didn't I tell you from the very beginning that the implementation of the Strategy pattern in PHP was a fairly straightforward process? Well, the definition of the above "IntegerValidator" class shows this in a nutshell. It simply overrides the $_filter and $_errorMessage properties defined by its parent, which automatically provides it with the ability to validate integer numbers.
If you wish to test the above class as a standalone component, the task would be similar to coding the following script:
$intValidator = new IntegerValidator('abcde');
if (!$intValidator->validate())
echo $intValidator->getFormattedError();
displays the following
The value abcde is incorrect. Please enter an integer value.
'The data is correct!';
As you can see, the "IntegerValidator" class is flexible enough to be used either as an isolated piece or as a companion strategy that can be injected inside another class. Obviously, the latter is the approach that I'm going to discuss in this case, but the earlier example should give you a good idea of how to create and use different validators based on the functionality encapsulated within their abstract parent.
Final thoughts
In this second part of the series, I went one step further in the implementation of the Strategy design pattern in PHP. I proceeded to create a loosely-coupled class, which was charged with validating integer numbers. This validator (if the name is really applicable) is the first of a list of strategies classes that I plan to define in upcoming parts of the series.
Having already defined a class capable of checking integers, the next step that I'm going to take will consist of creating another strategy class. This time it will be responsible for validating float numbers. Do you want to learn the full details of this process? Then don't miss the following tutorial!


text:
'Coffin Hill' 2: Caitlin Kittredge takes Eve back to her bloody roots
The cover art for Caitlin Kittredge and Inaki Miranda's "Coffin Hill" No. 2, out Wednesday, is by Dave Johnson. (Vertigo)Link
"Coffin Hill" No. 2, Page 1. (Inaki Miranda / Vertigo)Link
"Coffin Hill" No. 2, Pages 2-3. (Inaki Miranda / Vertigo)Link
"Coffin Hill" No. 2, Page 4. (Inaki Miranda / Vertigo)Link
"Coffin Hill" No. 2, Page 5. (Inaki Miranda / Vertigo)Link
There's something haunting about the woods of "Coffin Hill," a feeling writer and co-creator Caitlin Kittredge knows all too well from her past.
The novelist behind the "Nocturne City," "Black London" and "Iron Codex" series made an impressive comics debut last month with artist Inaki Miranda ("Fairest: The Hidden Kingdom"), as the launch of their Vertigo horror title made Hero Complex's Halloween comics picks.
In the first issue, readers saw Eve Coffin, the daughter of a prominent but cursed Massachusetts family, both as a wild teen in her hometown of Coffin Hill – someone who makes a scene at her parents' party and hides booze and pills in a mausoleum – and also years later as a mature twentysomething cop in Boston. Eve left home years ago to escape what happened in a horrific incident in the woods one night. And now, following a hospital stay after arresting a serial killer and being shot in the head in quick succession, she's left Boston and returned to Coffin Hill.
But as some teens have gone missing in those same woods – possibly tied to what a ritual she led may have unleashed all those years ago – Eve's troubles are far from over. The story continues in No. 2, out Wednesday. Hero Complex readers can take a look at the issue's first five pages in the gallery above or in larger versions via the links below.
"Coffin Hill" No. 2: Cover | Page 1 | Pages 2-3 | Page 4 | Page 5
Kittredge discussed Ms. Coffin's mind-set, Miranda's art, spooky woods and more with Hero Complex in a phone interview.
Hero Complex: What is Eve facing as she returns to Coffin Hill?
Caitlin Kittredge: What she's facing is all the mistakes she's made and the stuff that drove her away. She's tried for 10 years to run away from the night in the woods that we saw in the first issue, but she's about to find out you can never really escape something of that magnitude, that you'll eventually have to face it. So in Issue 2 the realization is building that she has to put right what she did rather than just try to keep running and hiding from it.
HC: She can't seem to escape notoriety, first for what happened 10 years ago and being part of a prominent family, and now for her hand in arresting the Ice Fisher serial killer. How do you see her relationship with renown?
CK: Eve would like nothing better than to be anonymous. She would like to just stand on her own without her family name dragging her down or the mistakes she's made dragging her down or even the good, heroic acts she's done as a police officer. She's pretty over being infamous and the center of everybody's attention, positive or negative. I think in that way coming back to Coffin Hill might be a little bit of a respite from all the stuff in Boston. But on the other hand, now she's being confronted with people who knew her 10 years ago and even before that who know her family and know the stigma that comes with being a Coffin, so she really is kind of between a rock and a hard place and wishes that everyone would just leave her alone. But that's never going to happen.
HC: Eve, who went through with that ritual in the woods that night, and Nate, who left before it started, were shown in the first issue to have both become cops. What can you say about their lives diverging and now converging again?
CK: Nate, as it stands in Issue 2, would have been happy to never lay eyes on Eve again. He holds a lot of negative feelings about what happened between them – not just the night in the woods, but everything that happened between them before she ran off to Boston and tried to leave Coffin Hill behind her. I think in a strange way they became cops for the same reason. They both had traumatic childhoods and witnessed something horrific and tried to sort of bring order to the chaos by reaching out and helping people. They took very different paths. I think, for Nate's part, he's going to have to realize that he also can't run away from this entanglement with Eve, and much as he might try to ignore it, they still have a lot of complicated emotions surrounding their relationship. If he ever wants real peace about what happened, he's going to have to confront her and work through them and let her back into his life even though he's convinced that would be a disaster…. And Eve just feels so terribly guilty when Issue 2 starts about what happened between her and Nate when they were teenagers. So she also has a little bit of work to do on their relationship.
HC: You have Eve's past horror taking place in evil woods, and now some teens that have gone missing in those same woods. Any spooky woods in your past?
CK: Yes, absolutely. My parents managed a summer camp, and it was vacant for about seven or eight months out of the year. It was in the middle of nowhere in the woods. We backed up to a state forest. So absolutely, there were creepy woods all around the house. It was easy to get lost. It was really spooky. You really had a sense that they were inhabited by some sort of presence, at least to me as a little kid. I never wandered too far because of that…. There were definitely trails that I didn't walk down by myself and places that creeped me out more than others. I love being outside, and I love exploring and running around out there, but also I would be sure to be home before it got dark for the same reason, because it was so rural and so depopulated and just kind of so spooky when you're so small and you know this vast forest is so big. That's definitely one of the inspirations for "Coffin Hill" – just trying to call on that same sense of unease that I experienced.
HC: Eve's family history, which we're told includes at least one ancestor being hanged for being a witch, goes back to Salem. Since you grew up in the area, I'm wondering if the Salem witch trials have long been a fascination for you.
CK: I've actually always been really fascinated by it and it really strikes me as one of the great tragedies of the area that I grew up in because what actually happened is so bad and so tragic and so pointless. I got the idea that if there was actually one real witch in Salem, and instead of [her] being hanged it would be 19 different people who were hanged for witchcraft, that she escaped and let them take the fall for her and ran off and founded Coffin Hill. So that was kind of the seed that grew the whole story.
HC: What was your collaboration like with Inaki Miranda in developing the look of the book?
CK: It was great. I'd never worked with an artist before. This is my first comics project so I was a little bit nervous – I wasn't quite sure how it was going to work, like if he was going to think I was being really bossy, or if our visions just wouldn't match. But I got very lucky because our visions meshed very closely. I sent him a bunch of photos of the area where I'm from and the area where I live now, just basically some stuff to get a reference for the general feel. And then I said, "I just want there to be an absence of light in this story. I want there to be a lot of fog, a lot of cloud, a lot of shadows. I just kind of want the feeling that everything's decaying a little bit." And really from those three sentences, he just ran with it and created the whole look that you see in the comic…. I really feel like I couldn't have done any better getting someone who understands the sensibility that I was going for.
HC: Was there any page in that first issue that when it came back especially surprised you?
CK: The scene in Issue 1 toward the end when Eve and her friend Melanie wake up in the woods covered in blood – that just blew me away. I had imagined it, and it was pretty awesome – and the page came back and it was 10 times as amazing as I'd imagined it. I couldn't be happier. I show that page to everybody and say, "Hey, look at all this blood!" [laughs]
HC: Speaking of all that blood, what do you have to say about Eve de la Cruz's color work?
CK: That's really the icing on the cake. Everybody who works on the comic – I got so phenomenally lucky. Inaki, Eve's colors, the lettering. Dave Johnson's incredible covers. I felt so fortunate that he wanted to work on the covers. And we had the great alternate cover [by Gene Ha] for the first issue. I feel like everything meshed together perfectly. Eve's colors really do justice to everything in the art…. They're really, really great.
HC: "Coffin Hill" has elements of both horror and detective fiction. Could you talk about a favorite story or two from each of those genres?
CK: You've asked me a hard question because I have so many favorites, that's basically all I read – horror and darker mystery novels. I've been a big fan of Joe Hill ever since his first novel, "Heart-Shaped Box." And I actually found his novel before I realized he had a comic series ["Locke and Key"], which I'm also a huge fan of. His novels really, I don't know, they're so messed up and twisted and at the same time they manage to have such great relationships between the characters and such great little character moments. They're just really great. I'm a big fan of all of his novels. I read a lot of detective novels. I don't even know if I could pick one out for you. That's an impossible question because I have a million favorites. I would just go on for hours…. I grew up reading Stephen King, H.P. Lovecraft. I read "The Scarlet Letter" in middle school, and somebody else mentioned that the plot of "Coffin Hill" has a kind of Hawthornesque feel to it, and I said, "Wow, you're the only person who's picked up on that, but yes actually it does, kind of on purpose." [laughs] That's one of my favorite stories.
HC: Is there any last thing you'd like to say about Issue 2?
CK: Somebody recently mentioned that Issue 1 ends on a bit of a cliffhanger, and I said, "Well, if you thought Issue 1 ended on a cliffhanger, you ain't seen nothing yet because the cliffhanger in Issue 2 is going to blow your mind." You get a lot more background on what is going on in Coffin Hill, and at the end there's a giant cliffhanger. I apologize in advance if that leaves anyone with their mouth hanging open when they read it. Read Issue 3, if that's the case.
— Blake Hennon | @BlakeHennon | @LATHeroComplex
Halloween horror: 13 frightfully good comics
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'FBP': Simon Oliver on not going the 'Men in Black' route
Clive Barker to pen 'Hellraiser' remake with Doug Bradley as Pinhead
New Ms. Marvel isn't the first Muslim superhero
NYCC: Vertigo panel talks 'Sandman,' 'American Vampire,' more

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Timeline: Girl Scouts in History
More Than a Century of Making a Difference
During WWI, American President Theodore Roosevelt presents a family silver plate to Girl Scouts to be melted down for cash for the war effort, 1918.
In the midst of the Progressive Era, and as the nation was expanding by adding the states of New Mexico and Arizona—but before women had the right to vote—Juliette Gordon Low founded Girl Scouts in 1912, with an emphasis on inclusiveness, the outdoors, self-reliance, and service.
World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) 1926 World Conference, Great Hall, Camp Edith Macy, New York
Girl Scouting continued to expand its reach to more and more girls, with the first Girl Scout troops launching outside the United States in China, Syria, and Mexico. Additionally, one of the earliest Native American Girl Scout troops formed on the Onondaga Reservation in New York State in 1921, and Mexican American girls formed a Girl Scout troop in Houston, Texas, in 1922. Lone Troops on Foreign Soil (later called USA Girl Scouts Overseas) registered its first Girl Scout troop in Shanghai, China, with 18 girls in 1925.
Promotional booklet, "Who Are the Girl Scouts?," published by Girl Scouts Inc., circa 1933
With the United States consumed by the Great Depression, Girl Scouts participated in relief efforts by collecting clothing and food for those in need. And as the country continued to deal with the waves of immigration from the previous decade, Girl Scouts began printing its Who Are the Girl Scouts? promotional booklet in Yiddish, Italian, and Polish.
Girl Scouts present President Franklin Delano Roosevelt with a checklist documenting service hours, March 12, 1944.
During World War II, Girl Scouts interested in flying participated in the Wing Scouts program. Girl Scout troops also operated bicycle courier services, ran Farm Aide projects, collected fat and scrap metal, and grew Victory Gardens, as well as sponsored Defense Institutes that taught women survival skills and techniques for comforting children during air raids. Japanese -American girls, confined to internment camps in Utah and California, also established troops.
The Central Los Angeles Council of Girl Scouts prepares "Kits for Korea," 1954.
Girl Scouts responded to the Korean War by assembling "Kits for Korea," pouches of items needed by Korean citizens, and also continued to press issues of inclusiveness and equality, with Ebony magazine reporting in 1952 that even in the South, ". . . Scouts were making slow and steady progress toward surmounting the racial barriers of the region."
Girl Scout Seniors at a Speak Out conference
During this tumultuous and vibrant decade, Girl Scouts held "Speak Out" conferences around the country to lend their voices to the fight for racial equality, launched the "ACTION 70" project to help overcome prejudice and build better relationships between people, and viewed the Apollo 12 moon landing at Cape Kennedy, Florida, as guests of NASA.
Girl Scout Cadettes, Earth Day, 1970
During this period, Girl Scouts elected its first African American national board president, Gloria D. Scott; stood up for environmental issues by launching the national "Eco-Action" program; and helped Vietnamese refugee children adapt to their new homes in America.
Girl Scout Daisies at a playground, circa 1984
Girl Scouts established the Daisy level for kindergarten-aged girls as interest in Girl Scouting expanded, and also distributed The Contemporary Issues series that addressed some of the most serious issues teen girls of the day were confronting, including drug use, child abuse, and teen pregnancy.
The website for Girl Scouts of the USA debuts on February 1, 1996. The site is visited by more than 18,000 people in its first three months of operation.
Amid the explosive growth of personal computers, Girl Scouts introduced the Technology badge for Girl Scout Juniors, while also tackling illiteracy with the Right to Read service project, which nearly 4 million Girl Scouts and leaders participated in.
Girl Scouts in San Antonio, Texas, at the 2002 National Conference on Latinas in Girl Scouting, pictured with then-Chief Executive Officer Kathy Cloninger
Girl Scouts entered the first decade of the new millennium focused on the healthy development of girls, establishing the Girl Scout Research Institute to conduct studies and report findings. We also continued to emphasize inclusiveness by hosting a National Conference on Latinas in Girl Scouting and, in 2005, electing the first Hispanic as chair of the National Board, Patricia Diaz Dennis.
Girl Scouts step away from their electronic devices and enjoy summer camp in eastern Pennsylvania, 2015.
Even as technology plays a larger and larger role in Americans' lives, Girl Scouts also stay connected to nature and the great outdoors. So while Girl Scouts introduced new badges to promote outdoor activities, we've also partnered with Google for "Made with Code," a program encouraging girls to get an early start in computer science. In 2014, Girl Scouts launched Digital Cookie, through which Girl Scout Cookies were sold online by girls for the first time in the history of the iconic cookie program.


text:
Cirque du Soleil provide media representatives with show and corporate press kits.
Puppet Designer Michael Curry works widely in both conceptual and technical development with the foremost entertainment companies such as the Metropolitan Opera, London's Royal National Theatre, Disney Theatrical Productions, LA Opera, and Universal Pictures. Michael has been the recipient of many prestigious awards from his peers, including several awards for his puppet and costume work on Broadway, Olympic ceremonies as well as his continuing innovations in the fields of visual effects and puppetry design. He has collaborated with Julie Taymor on many stage and opera productions. Among his numerous awards, he received the 1998 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Puppet Design in recognition of his work for Taymor on The Lion King. Michael's other credits include an opera directed by Robert Lepage at the Paris Opera, an opera at La Scala, Milan, directed by William Friedkin, and the Broadway production of Spider Man with music by Bono and Edge, directed by Julie Taymor. After KÀ, The Beatles LOVE, Wintuk and CRISS ANGEL Believe, Michael Curry collaborates with Cirque du Soleil for the fifth time with Michael Jackson THE IMMORTAL World Tour.


text:
It was unseasonably warm and unusually quiet during a recent hike at Promised Land State Park. The cloudy skies trapped a layer of humid, warm air, bringing back springtime memories. But the leafless landscape and noiseless forest scolded harsh reminders that it was early December.
It was unseasonably warm and unusually quiet during a recent hike at Promised Land State Park. The cloudy skies trapped a layer of humid, warm air, bringing back springtime memories. But the leafless landscape and noiseless forest scolded harsh reminders that it was early December.
Despite the winter setting, the conditions were perfect for a hike. I sauntered along the trail and scanned the treetops for sizable American mountain ash trees that were reported to be in the vicinity.
Winter's silence invited a bout of daydreaming:
"Perhaps a few mountain ash trees would still hold their bright orange-red fruits and offer a photograph?" I pondered. "What if there is a flock of cedar waxwings feeding on the berries?"
My high-hope daydreams were abruptly muddled as my sneakers absorbed a tongue full of water — a soggy introduction to a wetland. The trail approached a blueberry swamp, which still held pockets of open water within. A ripple on the surface of a small pool captured my attention.
With one arm holding onto a blueberry limb, I stretched my foot onto a clump of tussock sedge and peeked into the pool to see what caused the commotion. Resting at the bottom among a carpet of decaying leaves was a red-spotted newt. Its olive-green body balanced by four stubby limbs, it remained motionless in the cold water until it swooshed its rudderlike tail and vanished.
Red-spotted newts are one of the most abundant salamanders in the Poconos. But salamanders in December are not commonly encountered.
As cold-blooded animals, most amphibians and reptiles survive the harsh, cold Pocono winters by hibernating for a few months. Most winter retreats for these temperature-sensitive animals are under ground below the frost line — especially for terrestrial (land-dwelling) species such as snakes, salamanders and lizards. Aquatic species including frogs, toads, turtles and certain salamanders bunker down and remain dormant in muddy bottoms of ponds, lakes, streams and rivers. Remarkably, several species of frogs, especially the wood frog, literally freeze solid as they spend the winter among a few inches of fallen leaves in woodland forests.
Certainly, when inches of snow blanket the forest floor and layers of ice cover our lakes and ponds, it's a tell-tale sign that our cold-blooded animals have settled in for the winter. However, if one would challenge me to find an amphibian during these harsh conditions, I would be most certain to find a red-spotted newt.
I would forgo flipping over ice-cold rocks and frozen logs in search of salamanders, but will head to the vegetated shallows of lakes and ponds or even a water-filled vernal pool in pursuit of my wintertime quarry.
The adult red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridenscens) inhabits practically every unpolluted lake and pond in the Poconos. It is an average-sized salamander, approximately 4 to 5 inches long. The body can be olive-green to yellow-green and exhibits tiny red spots along its sides. The tail is rudderlike and compressed, more expressed in males. The land-dwelling sub-adult is called the red eft, which looks nothing like the adult red-spotted newt. At 3 to 4 inches long, its body is typically bright orange-red, but sometimes can be burnt orange to orange-green. In all color phases, a row of reddish spots lines its back.
Remarkably, the aquatic red-spotted newt remains active throughout the winter, while the terrestrial red eft hibernates. I have observed red-spotted newts moving and swimming in ponds while I walked on top of crystal-clear ice in frigid January weather. A nighttime search at a open-water vernal pool in February will reveal these hardy salamanders. In late winter, I accidently scooped up dozens of newts in my long-handled dip nets while screening for minnows in ponds and marshes.
Red-spotted newts appear to be salamanders that never sleep — or should I say hibernate. They might act sluggish along the lake bottom when you spot one during an ice fishing trip. With a little patience, you might see one swimming to the surface to gulp a trapped air bubble beneath the ice.
So if you're not hibernating the next few months and are up for some chilly explorations or offered a wager to find a wintertime salamander, the best bet is "all eyes on newts."
Contact Rick Koval at firstname.lastname@example.com or write to him at PO Box 454, Dallas, PA 18612.


text:
Difference between revisions of "Police Stations"
(→Vice City)
(→San Andreas)
|Line 24:
|Line 24:
*[[Fort Carson Police Station]] - [[Fort Carson]], [[Bone County]]
*[[Fort Carson Police Station]] - [[Fort Carson]], [[Bone County]]
*[[Las Venturas Police Headquarters]] - [[Roca Escalante]], [[Las Venturas]]
*[[Las Venturas Police Headquarters]] - [[Roca Escalante]], [[Las Venturas]]
==GTA IV Era==
==GTA IV Era==
Revision as of 23:23, 8 September 2009
Police stations are locations in the Grand Theft Auto series where the protagonist re-spawns after being busted.
GTA III Era
Liberty City
The Liberty City Police Department is headquartered in Torrington. The building is unique for having a helipad on its roof.
Vice City
The Vice City Police Department is headquartered in Washington Beach. It is the only accessible police station in Vice City. The main entrance allows visitors but within the headquarters are restricted to only police. If the player attempts to go past the main entrance, they will gain a two-star wanted level. However, the player can wear a cop uniform to access the whole interior without being wanted.
San Andreas
- Los Santos Police Headquarters - Pershing Square, Los Santos
- Dillimore, Red County
- Angel Pine, Whetstone
- San Fierro Police Headquarters - Downtown, San Fierro
- El Quebrados Police Station - El Quebrados, Tierra Robada
- Fort Carson Police Station - Fort Carson, Bone County
- Las Venturas Police Headquarters - Roca Escalante, Las Venturas
The Los Santos Police Headquarters, the Dillimore station, and the Las Venturas Police Headquarters are the only stations accessible to the player. Access to the station is unrestricted, but if the player draws a firearm, they immediately gain a two-star wanted level. Of an interesting note, the Dillimore station is exactly the same as the LSPD headquarters, but with different officers.
GTA IV Era
Liberty City
The LCPD is large and organised, possessing 16 Police Stations throughout Liberty City.
- Broker
- Dukes
- Bohan
- Algonquin
- Alderney, although independent from Liberty City, it shares their police force, the only difference being the uniform.


text:
Elementary School Kids Explore the Moon At Close Range 42
sighted writes "The twin robotic spacecraft that make up the new GRAIL mission to map the moon's gravity include small cameras in addition to their primary scientific instruments. The first images from those cameras, as selected by school kids, were downlinked to Earth on March 20. 'MoonKAM is based on the premise that if your average picture is worth a thousand words, then a picture from lunar orbit may be worth a classroom full of engineering and science degrees,' said Maria Zuber, GRAIL mission principal investigator."


text:
Peter Holland MS
I am the one on the left !
During my service in the British Army I qualified as a Telecommunications Engineer and until recently retained my UK membership of the Institute of Electrical Engineers (AMIEE) and Chartered Engineer (CEng). I was also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Management.
I am currently an Adjunct Instructor in the Business and Computer Division at Napa Valley College. In recent years I have taught a range of face-to face, hybrid and full on line classes at Santa Rosa Junior College, Mendocino College and vocational schools. As opportunities have become more restricted with financial limitations for educational institutions I have concentrated on classes at Napa Valley College in recent years.
In 2009 I was selected to teach faculty in the Napa Valley College Teaching and Learning Center. There I did one-on-one instruction with faculty to develop their college Web sites and assist them to design their online classes. Unfortunately funds ran out on the completion of a State grant. I designed the Online Instructor Resources Blackboard Site.
The Computer Studies classes that I have taught at Napa Valley College over the last eight years include Microsoft Office 2003 and 2007, including Word, PowerPoint, Access and Excel. In Business classes I have also taught Business Mathematics (hybrid), Principles of Management (Online), Fundamentals of Finance (Online), and Computer Accounting (face-to-face, hybrid, and online). I also designed and taught an online Student Orientation class in Blackboard 8. I taught two of the pilot classes in Blackboard 9.1 in Fall 2010 when Napa Valley Collegewas in the process of moving all its classes to this new version of Blackboard and have continued teaching in Blackboard 9.1 since then.
I have been teaching in distance education for over 20 years. I started as an instructor and later Head of the Management Department at what is now the Open Polytechnic in New Zealand and continued when I was a Senior Lecturer in Business Systems at Massey University in New Zealand. I was also an Assistant Director of Continuing Education in the New Zealand Department of Education overseeing the activities of some 20 community colleges.
I was granted a Fulbright Scholarship to USA and later married a US citizen and moved to Texas where I taught as an adjunct at University of Dallas, as a temporary professor at Colin County Community College, and full time at the National Institute of Technology in Dallas. I moved to California on the death of my wife.
I enjoy teaching online classes and I keep myself up to date by attending online conferences and classes. In the last year I attended two international online conferences sharing experiences with colleagues all over the world. I also attended classes on Moodle (another CMS) and Blackboard 9. I am a qualified CTI Cyber Instructor in Etudes (another CMS) and will complete another Online Instructor qualification with @ONE this fall.
I live in the country in Hidden Valley Lake in Lake County where strange things happen when balloons get off track:
I do not have an office at the College. But I have a Home office guarded by my ever alert security guard


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Seven UVM Students Awarded Fulbright Grants
- 05-06-2014
- By University Communications
Seven University of Vermont students have been awarded Fulbright Scholarships for the 2014-2015 academic year. The prestigious awards are yearlong fellowships which enable seniors, recent graduates, and graduate students to live abroad and represent the United States as a part of the world's largest intellectual and cultural exchange fellowship.
As Fulbright awardees, students receive a fully funded grant to conduct research, pursue internships or teach English in another country. Fellowships Director Brit Chase and Honors College Associate Dean Lisa Schnell oversee the Fulbright U.S. Student Program competition at UVM.
"This has truly been a tremendous year for UVM students in the Fulbright competition," said Schnell. "In some ways, this is no big surprise, for the Fulbright is an award that recognizes not only academic excellence, but also creativity and adventurousness, something UVM students and alums are known for. But of course, success like this does not simply follow a reputation; these awards primarily acknowledge the hard work and commitment of the students, of Brit for her superlative recruiting and advising efforts, and of the campus Fulbright Committee, made up of faculty from across the campus."
Matthew Andrews '13 has been awarded a Fulbright research grant to conduct research on the Weimar period in Germany at Phillip-Universität in Marburg. Andrews will be focusing on the development of neo-conservatism and analyzing how the ideas of a radical intellectual elite were adopted and popularized by paramilitary movements during that period. Such analysis, he says, can help historians better understand how the process of popularization affects and influences ideological development.
A history major at UVM, Andrews' proposed research is an extension of work he started while studying abroad in Marburg during the 2012-2013 academic year. His work will be overseen by Eckart Conze, Wenke Meteling and Michael Seelig in the university's history department. Under the guidance of his mentors, Andrews will be combing archives and taking graduate seminars to examine the phenomenon of popularization. An accomplished jazz violinist, Andrews also plans to get involved in the local music scene while in Germany.
Andrews is originally from Washington, D.C., and he credits the success he's had at UVM to working closely with his mentors, Helga Schrekenberger and Dennis Mahoney in the German Department, as well as Denise Youngblood in the History Department. After returning to the U.S., Andrews plans to apply for doctorate programs in history and continue his work on modern European history and political thought.
Marlenee Blas G'14 has been awarded a Fulbright teaching assistantship to Brazil for the 2015 academic year. She will be teaching at an English language training center at a local university and mentoring Brazilian students who will go on to become English language teachers. During her time in Brazil she hopes to broaden her understanding of the links between affirmative action, access and college affordability.
A Higher Education and Student Affairs graduate student, Blas' academic interests have focused on the importance of diversity in a university setting, and how to use the classroom as a medium for cultural exchange. At UVM, Blas has been heavily involved in many aspects of student advising and campus life. She served as a tutor for the Upward Bound program, where she worked with first generation high school students planning to go to college. During her second year in the program, she served as a teaching assistant for the ethnic studies department and a co-facilitator for the Human Relations course focused on social justice and diversity. She is an assistant residence director in the Honors College, an editor of the Vermont Connection, and has presented her work at the Student Research Conference.
While at UVM, Blas has worked with students, staff and faculty on issues related to diversity and multiculturalism on campus. She credits her success in her graduate studies to having the opportunity to work closely with many faculty members including Jill Tarule, Kathy Manning, Rashad Shabazz, Stacey Miller and Kathy Cook. The Higher Education and Student Affairs graduate program recently recognized Blas for her "outstanding contribution to the ALANA community".
Originally from Mexico, Blas grew up in Temecula, Calif., and is the first in her family to go to college. After completing her Fulbright work she plans to return to the United States and work in higher education and student affairs. She intends to eventually pursue a doctorate in education and continue to develop her research of access and support services for college students.
Anders Christiansen '14 has been awarded a Fulbright Business Binational Internship to Mexico. As an intern, Christiansen will be placed by the Fulbright Commission in either a business or non-profit organization in Mexico City and work on issues of economic development. While interning he will also take classes on trade, business and policy at a local university.
An Honors College student and a political science major, Christiansen has spent his college career developing an expertise in economic and political issues in Latin America. In 2012 Christiansen received the Gilman Scholarship to study abroad in Brazil, where he did research on farming practices that are economically and ecologically sustainable. In 2013 he interned for both Senators Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.) and Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.). He also received UVM's Public Impact Research Award for his work on the senate immigration reform bill and a UROP grant for thesis research on the Mondragon cooperatives in Spain. He is an avid linguist and speaks Spanish and Portuguese.
Christiansen is from East Montpelier, Vt. While at UVM he worked closely with several faculty members, including Caroline Beer, Josh Farley and Jan Feldman on issues related to ecological economics, democratic theory and Latin American politics. He also worked closely with Ann Kroll Lerner in the undergraduate research office and Brit Chase in the fellowships office to secure funding for his work in the U.S. and abroad. After he completes his internship in Mexico, Christiansen aspires to spend some time working in public policy and public service in Washington, D.C. Eventually, he plans to pursue a joint law and business degree and start an NGO that promotes economic development and worker ownership.
Sydney Healey '14 has also been selected for a Fulbright English teaching assistantship to Brazil during the 2015 academic year. An Honors College student and a global studies and environmental studies double major, Healey has been an Eco Rep and a teaching assistant for Spanish and environmental studies classes at UVM. She has also worked part time during her college career as a personal care attendant and has led service learning programs with international volunteers. Healey spent the spring of 2013 in Argentina, where she conducted research on indigenous responses to multinational lithium mining in Salta and Jujuy.
Healey is from Doylestown, Penn. After she finishes her Fulbright year, she aspires to pursue a career in social justice and bilingual education by using media to facilitate cultural exchange.
She thanks John Waldron and Richard Watts for their guidance and support with both the Fulbright proposal and her undergraduate thesis.
Dan Rosenblum '13 received a Fulbright research grant to India for the 2014-2015 academic year. Rosenblum will be working in Delhi's unauthorized colonies (city neighborhoods that have not received support from the local government) and examining the transforming socioeconomic relationships in these colonies as they are incorporated into the city and start to receive city resources. Such work, he says, will help researchers better understand what formal recognition will mean for community-level economies in India.
Rosenblum is an anthropology major who has spent his undergraduate career examining social and cultural issues surrounding urban migration and development. With the support of UVM's URECA! Research grant, an APLE research grant, and under the guidance of UVM Professor Jonah Steinberg, Rosenblum traveled to India in 2012 to study youth migration from Bihar to Delhi. He received the Kleinknecht Award from the anthropology department for his work, and his research has been published in the Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography. While in India, Rosenblum will study under Amita Baviskar at the Institute of Economic Growth at the University of Delhi.
Rosenblum is also originally from Doylestown, Penn. While at UVM he worked closely with several professors in the anthropology and geography departments, including Steinberg, Meghan Cope, Benjamin Eastman, and Scott Matter. After he returns from India, Rosenblum plans to pursue a career in international urban policy and planning.
Brian Vedder '14 received a Fulbright English teaching assistantship to Thailand for the 2014-2015 academic year. Vedder will be teaching English to high school students while also running English language camps for children in the community. During his time in Thailand, Vedder also hopes to make connections with other faculty members, learn more about Thai classroom culture and ethics, and also get involved in the community through volunteering and other service.
At UVM, Vedder simultaneously developed his pedagogical skills as well as an expertise in how to foster technological competence as well as a globally engaged citizenry in the classroom. An Honors College student and secondary education major, Vedder received a Public Research and Civic Endeavors Scholarship (now the Simon Family Fellowship) from UVM in 2012 to teach and conduct research on classroom practices in South Africa. Vedder is also president of Kappa Delta Pi (the honors society for students in education-related disciplines), and he volunteers to work with local youths at the King Street Youth Center. This semester Vedder was a student teacher at Burlington High School, and in May he will defend his thesis, "Unveiling the Silver Lining: A Young Man's Journey Reading Between the Lines of Shame, Struggle and Failure to Discover Meaning and Purpose," a manuscript that defines, epitomizes, and challenges societal issues concerning special education, the high school classroom, adolescent development, as well as individual conceptualization of shame, struggle and failure and one way to morph it into substance for meaningful growth.
Vedder is originally from Schenectady, N.Y. While at UVM, he worked closely with several faculty members in the College of Education, including Holly-Lynn Busier, Robert Nash and Alan Tinkler, as well as Sydnee Viray. After he returns from Thailand, Vedder plans to work as a teacher in an urban setting.
Joseph Friedman '14 was also selected for a Fulbright Scholarship to pursue a graduate degree in epidemiology from La Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico in Mexico City. Prior to his April notification from the Fulbright Program, however, Friedman chose to pursue an equally coveted opportunity as a post-bachelor fellow at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington. In this position, Friedman will be conducting cutting edge research related to health metrics in domestic and global health settings.
Friedman is an anthropology major and an Honors College student; after completing his studies at the University of Washington, he plans to attend medical school and eventually pursue a career as an academic physician addressing social disparities in health.
Andrews, Blas, Christiansen, Healey, Rosenblum and Vedder are among more than 1,500 U.S. students and scholars who will travel abroad during the 2014-2015 academic year through the Fulbright program. The Fulbright Program is the flagship international educational exchange program sponsored by the U.S. government and is designed to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries. The primary source of funding for the Fulbright program is an annual appropriation made by the U.S. Congress to the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Participating governments and host institutions, corporations and foundations in foreign countries and in the United States also provide direct and indirect support.
Recipients of Fulbright grants are selected on the basis of academic or professional achievement, as well as demonstrated leadership potential in their fields. The program operates in more than 155 countries worldwide.


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FREEPORT— The Highland Community College Adult Education program is encouraging potential students to complete their GED® test in 2013 due to changes in the price and format of the standardized exam. Anyone interested in learning more about the exam is invited to a GED Fair from 3 to 5 p.m. on February 20 at the Freeport Public Library in meeting rooms A and B.
A new computer-based GED test will replace the paper-based test at the end of the year. Currently, the cost for the paper-based test is $50, but the fee will increase to $130 on January 1, 2014. Since prior scores will not carry over into 2014, students with partial results will need to retake the entire test if not completed by December of 2013.
"Our department is preparing to meet these new challenges while also heavily encouraging current and former students to complete their GED test in a timely fashion," said Mark Jansen, director of adult education programs. "The deadline of January 2014 may seem far away, but the amount of time needed to prepare and register for the exam varies per student."
Individuals wanting more information on GED preparation classes should contact Highland's Adult Education department at 815.599.3460.


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By Michael A.M. Felt
AIX and POWER Portal
AIX 6.1 Information Center
MicroCode Discovery Service
Center for Internet Security
May 02, 2018
Posted May 02, 2018 | Permalink
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I applied FXAA version 3.11 on my program. It works when drawing the whole texture without alpha blending (yes smooth edges).
However when I draw on a white background (cleared with glClear), and use alpha blending with "glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)", I can see the black pixels around the edges (the pixels that are used by FXAA to smoothen, they look black), and they don't blend with the background.
There is some sort of problem with the color, I don't figure out how to fix. Please help.
My full C source and fxaa shader in attachment.


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Here we are — 2014. Happy New Year to all of you. The holidays are over, and it's January, which for me is the most dreaded month of the year. Most people would concur. It's long, it's cold, and it's depressing coming off of the holiday high, not to mention the dreaded "resolutions."
Here we are — 2014. Happy New Year to all of you. The holidays are over, and it's January, which for me is the most dreaded month of the year. Most people would concur. It's long, it's cold, and it's depressing coming off of the holiday high, not to mention the dreaded "resolutions."
Oh, too often everybody makes a resolution that they keep, for a short time. Join the gym, until March. Quit smoking, until May. Give up chocolate, until February. You know the drill, and we are all guilty of it. This year, I don't want to dread January, or break resolutions — I want to do something different. I want to set a personal goal to do something for someone else.
Last holiday season, my family lost an extended member to lung cancer. She died at the Hinkle House during the holidays. She was the type of person who would do anything for you if you needed help. A friend of my family was diagnosed with lung cancer right before Thanksgiving this year. She is undergoing chemotherapy. In talking with her, she really expressed to me how differently you think when you are faced with cancer.
Amidst realizing cancer is hitting more people than I care to see happen, I recall the best advice anyone has ever given me, "Do what you need to do now, because you don't know if you are going to be here tomorrow to do it."
This year, my resolution is going to be centered according to all of this bad news I have just shared with you. On a personal level, my resolution will be centered on helping someone in some way. As you make your own resolutions for the New Year, I challenge you to do one simple thing: Do something kind for someone else. There are so many volunteer opportunities available to you in Davidson County, and a lot of them are easier than you might think.
I come from a family of volunteers. There is my aunt who since my childhood has been basically a re-distributor of goods. She has fed countless people. She could clothe, feed and organize a small army by going to a few yard sales and making a couple phone calls. My parents are involved with Meals on Wheels, Gideons International, Prison Ministry, food bank deliveries and who knows what else this month.
Of course, my family members are retired. I am not retired; between children, school and work, there is hardly enough time in the day to get what I need done on my own family level, let alone volunteer. However, I am also tired of using that as an excuse. Again, "Do what you need to do now …" Of course I cannot give back on the level that a retiree can, but I have been doing some soul searching and want to share some ideas with you on how we can all give back, throughout the year, not just at holiday time.
Give blood. If you are able and willing, it doesn't take long, it doesn't hurt, and it does help. I am O positive. Believe me, the vampires at Red Cross call me a lot and send me reminder cards. They do come to churches and the schools close to my own home. This year I vow to follow through and donate. My goal is for another gallon pin.
Clean out your closets and give to Goodwill or the Salvation Army. Have old computer equipment lying around the house you don't use or need? Give it to the Goodwill or Salvation Army. What is trash and useless to you can really help someone else. Both of these organizations help so many people on so many levels, anything you can give will be used and appreciated. There are also clothing donation boxes located throughout the county.
Call a nursing home. Ask if there is a resident who doesn't have anyone to look after them. They may not have family or they may have family that is far away. Adopt a grandparent. Find out what they need; it could be as simple as a box of Kleenex and a bottle of lotion. Take a basket of goodies and visit them, and if you have children, take them, too.
On that same note, everyone usually only thinks of it only at Christmastime, but adopt a serviceman/woman. Not everyone who joins our Armed Services comes from a big loving family that sends care packages. Donators send goodies at Christmas, but these soldiers have birthdays, too. A simple card or a small box with a few personal items could really brighten the day for someone who is serving our country far away from home. There are websites to take you through the process.
With a little creativity, some web searches and a few phone calls, you should be able to find something or someone you can help. Here's hoping for better days this New Year 2014, and if we all follow through with acts of kindness throughout the year, I am sure it will be a good one.
Cheryl Briggs lives in Lexington with her husband and two children and wishes everyone a Happy New Year full of health and happiness.


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Colorado Springs, Colo., Mar 18, 2013 / 12:03 pm (CNA).- With more couples choosing to use contraception and live together before marriage, the Catholic definition of marriage is more at risk than ever, says Christian Meert, who with his wife Christine heads the Office of Marriage and Family Life for the Diocese of Colorado Springs.
The problem for many couples, he said, is often a fundamental lack of knowledge about what Christ and the Catholic Church require of married couples, he said.
"Everything they are getting from the media and the rest of society is going against everything we believe in," he said. "The people we are getting have a strong desire to do the right thing . . . but in general their religious background is very shallow."
He and his wife see this trend constantly as they work with couples both through their office and through their business — CatholicMarriagePrep.com, an online marriage preparation course designed for couples who are separated by distance or schedules and can't take the classes together at their local church.
The couples who go through their preparation program often come from broken homes, Meert said. While many have a strong desire to live in accordance to the church, they often are unsure what that means. That's where he and his wife step in. One of the best ways to save traditional marriages, they believe, is to ensure that there are more strong marriages based on the teachings of the church.
"We're trying to give them something that's Christ-centered," he said. "Something that is going to hold them together for life."
After seven years and mentoring more than 10,000 couples from countries around the world, Meert said that the program is seeing results.
In 2012, 78 percent of couples anonymously polled through the site after taking the program said they planned to abstain from sex until marriage.
"When you talk about abstinence, the general numbers are that 70 to 80 percent of couples are in cohabitation and 90 percent have premarital sex," he said. "When you get the incredible number of 78 percent that want to remain abstinent, it means that they really want to do it right."
Also according to the survey, 64 percent of couples in 2012 said they planned to use natural family planning in their marriage. Natural family planning is a church-approved method of family planning that monitors the woman's fertility cycle to both help achieve or avoid pregnancy.
Thus far, the Meerts' program has won the endorsement of bishops who find the content sound and in accordance with the teachings of the Catholic Church. In February, Diocese of Colorado Springs Bishop Michael Sheridan endorsed the program in a letter he sent to every bishop in the country.
"It is a comprehensive and well-designed program that stresses the spiritual and sacramental dimensions of marriage and deals in a very straightforward and orthodox manner with those issues that threaten Holy Matrimony, especially contraception and cohabitation," he wrote in the Feb. 21 letter.
In the program, couples are paired with mentor couples and walked through Scripture to understand where God is calling for their marriage to be, Meert said. They are encouraged to have long discussions about their faith and other topics and are slowly taught what it means to be married in the Catholic Church.
"Most see that God cares for them. God loves them, and he's asking them to remain abstinent out of love," Meert said. "But that can't be done in a minute. We have to be patient and we have to give them time to reflect and process the information because they are receiving it for the first time.
"When they are ready for the truth, they want it."
For more information on Catholic Marriage Prep, visit www.catholicmarriageprep.com or call toll free at 866-425-7193.
Posted with permission from The Colorado Catholic Herald, official publication of the Diocese of Colorado Springs, Colorado.


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I think I would tell my husband that these "get togethers" at your house are too much for you right now, what with having a 3 week old baby and all. Is there any reason, really, that all the wives need to go with their husbands and then hang out at your house?If you don't want to do that, then I think you need to uninvite Alice specifically. She sounds awful. Tell your husband she stresses you out, insults your mothering skills, and is a general PITA. He can hang with her hubby all he wants, but she is not welcome.Surely your husband can square this away with his friend.
Time to be blunt: 'Alice, this is my home and my child. I do not appreciate, nor do I want your advice on how to clean my home or care for my child. Please stop.' And then anytime she does give a piece of 'advice', give her a look, turn around and walk away, taking the baby from her arms, if you have to.Standing up for yourself isn't rude.
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text: An inverted pillow block assembly prevents build-up of material on pillow block housing, thus increasing bearing life. Bearings are designed with a B-10 life in excess of 100,000 hours. An optional sizing screen is removable through the side of unit. The screen is held in place by screen plat supports. Inspection doors on the front and rear of the unit allow access to the mill without disassembly. With a reversing motor starter and double hook rotor-fingers, the machines can be run in either direction giving twice the wear of single direction lump breaker. American Pulverizer Co., St. Louis, MO 314-781-6100 www.ampulverizer.com


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38 mm Black PVC 1in Shrink Bands - SBB381
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38 mm Black PVC 1" Shrink Bands
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In 2002, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) made a decision that would change cricket forever – they introduced cricket to Twenty20.
For those of you that aren't aware of what Twenty20 is, it is a game of cricket that lasts less than half the time of a normal fifty-over match. As the name suggests, the game is comprised of each team playing a maximum of twenty overs.
At that time, it was felt that cricket needed an injection of epinephrine; up stepped something more powerful. Instantly, dwindling crowds turned to jam-packed stadia, cricket became more appealing to the youth, media houses raked-in substantial profits, players, officials and back-room staff saw an opportunity to grow their earnings exponentially. But most importantly, Twenty20 cricket brought about the birth of the Dilscoop!
Die-hard cricket fanatics, like me, still consider Test cricket to be the Holy Grail of cricket. However, the power of Twenty20 is luring our members away. If such power can eat away at Test cricket, which has been established for well over a hundred years, how could a fifty year old one day version continue existing?
Ever since the start of Twenty20 cricket, it has always been a question of when, and not if, fifty-over international cricket would die. This death would then lead to the death of other forms of limited-overs cricket, paving the way for Twenty20 to battle directly with Test cricket for the number one status.
Ten years since the first official Twenty20 game was played, fifty-over cricket is still alive – but only just. It has taken a hammering from numerous international and domestic Twenty20 competitions, the biggest of which being the Indian Premier League (IPL). This hammering has led to the just concluded Champions Trophy, the second most recognised international fifty-over competition, being scrapped by the International Cricket Council (ICC). Could this be the last nail in the fifty-over coffin?
There are strong signs of a revival, however, started by the ICC and supported by a new crop of captains looking to pull away from the norm. The introduction of powerplays has been a crucial factor to this revival. These give teams a chance to pursue different strategies and tactics during the course of a game, thus adding to the talent and skill element.
Within this introduction, the recent rule-change regarding having an extra fielder inside the thirty-yard circle during power-play overs has had a significant impact. Before, this particular fielder would have been deployed in a defensive position saving a boundary.
With the rule-change, captains have been forced to not only put more pressure on batsmen by having the extra fielder saving a single run, they have also been able to utilise the fielder in an attacking position – mainly as a slip fielder behind the wicket.
No one has demonstrated this more impressively then the New Zealand captain Brendan McCullum. On numerous occasions in the just concluded ICC Champions Trophy, McCullum placed this extra fielder in an attacking position and was rewarded by picking up crucial wickets at crucial times.
The flip side of this rule-change has been an opportunity for teams to continuously raise the benchmark of runs per innings. Not too long ago, a team that scored 250 in the first innings of a fifty-over game would be feeling fairly confident of their chances of winning the game at the interval. Now, if a side does not chase down a score of around 300, they would be bitterly disappointed.
McCullum is part of a current crop of captains that include the Indian captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Australia's Michael Clarke, Sri Lanka's Angelo Mathews and South Africa's Abraham de Villiers. All these individuals have shown ingenuity in field settings that have led to some brilliant tactical and strategic decisions, reminiscent of the best tactical captain I have ever seen, New Zealand's Stephen Fleming. Other captains are following their example and discussions of strategies and tactics are becoming more and more important in team meetings.
All of this adds to the values of the game, as well as enhancing the popularity amongst spectators. I strongly believe that other forms of limited-overs cricket still have a huge role to play in sitting between the two extremes – Test cricket and Twenty20. Scrapping them would narrow the cricketing spectrum and effectively result in the creation of a wall between the two extremes. Cricket needs all forms to be alive and working effectively to ensure that as many individuals as possible are able to play, watch and support this beautiful game.
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Sukey - Keeping demonstrators safe, mobile & informed
Sukey is a web app that is designed to keep people safe, mobile and informed during demonstrations. We crowdsource updates from twitter and other online and offline sources in order to provide our users with a timely overview of what is going on at a demonstration. We also provide our users with a map view, a compass view and the ability to send us reports and updates through the app itself.
For the Spring of Code, Sam Carlisle calls all techs to have a look at anti-kettling app called Sukey and get involved.
If you want to become part of the Sukey team, add a comment in the Sukey forum thread!


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José María Olazábal's position as Europe's Ryder Cup captain has been given a strong endorsement by a key member of his team, the world No3 Luke Donald.
Donald will feature in this week's Tour Championship at East Lake in Atlanta before joining up with the European side at Medinah. And the former world No1 believes Olazábal is the ideal man to oversee their efforts to retain the Ryder Cup.
"He always comes to mind when you think of the Ryder Cup, from a European standpoint," Donald said. "So much passion, so much of that Spanish flair. Obviously his pairing with Seve Ballesteros was probably one of the greatest pairings in Ryder Cup history. There was just an amazing flair for getting it done – short game wizards those two were. Ollie will bring a lot of passion to this Ryder Cup. Just seeing him a couple of years ago at Celtic Manor, he came in late as an assistant captain, and really brought a lot to it and said some really good things in the team room. He knows what it's all about, he'll be very prepared."
Donald has more cause than most to eagerly anticipate a meeting with the USA at Medinah. The 34-year-old's golf scholarship was at the Chicago-based Northwestern University, with Donald retaining a strong affinity for the area. "I have a lot of history there, I've spent 15 years there, met my wife there, had four great years at college, which really set me up well for being a professional," Donald explained.
"I've travelled around so many different cities in the US, playing golf all around America, and I always come back to this place [Chicago] as my favourite city.
"It has great food, great people, a lot to do, it's a little bit like New York but a little bit more manageable, cleaner, and I think friendlier people, so I enjoy Chicago a lot. It has a lot to offer – great sports city, restaurants, fine dining, a lot of culture, great art museums – it has everything and, apart from the cold winters, it's a pretty good place.
"I played the US PGA at Medinah [in 2006], had a great PGA. I was paired with Tiger [Woods] last round on Sunday and got so much valuable experience from that. It's a course that I know I can play well around, and I'm excited about the prospect of it not just being in Chicago but Medinah, a place that I am familiar with."
More negative coverage – and current fears – have surrounded the behaviour of USA supporters when the Ryder Cup takes place on that side of the Atlantic. As the scale of the event has intensified in recent times, so too has the tendency for over-the-top antics in the galleries.
"It will be extremely raucous but I think every Ryder Cup is," said Donald, in an interview which will be screened in full on Monday night on Sky Sports News. "I've played in three Ryder Cups and I think this is the biggest city, in terms of the location, and that will make it a little bit more fun. The [USA] fans will get behind this Ryder Cup and it will make it tough for the European side as they will be cheering hard. But they're a fair crowd and hopefully they will respect both teams.
"The home team's biggest advantage is the crowd support, and if we can take that away a little bit, not just through my relationship with Chicago but also by playing well, that will be a benefit for us."
Donald's versatility is highlighted by the pairings for the 2010 Ryder Cup. At Celtic Manor he partnered Padraig Harrington, Ian Poulter and Lee Westwood at various stages of Europe's win.
"The only one I missed, through my wrist injury, was at Valhalla [2008], and obviously it didn't turn out too well for the Euros. But I feel like I'm an easy guy to pair up with other people, and in that way it makes me a good person to be in the Ryder Cup," the Englishman added.
"I have that consistent game where I can pair up with different people with different characteristics in their games. I'm looking forward to it, I have a great record in the Ryder Cup. I love the passion that comes with it and I love representing my country and the honour behind that. I've had a great record and been on three winning teams, so hopefully that train continues.
"I've always had good team-mates and partners. I played with Sergio García [in 2006] and we were 4 and 0; we had a great relationship on and off the course and that's important in partnerships. I played with Lee Westwood and his game speaks for itself. Lee's a little bit like myself, we don't make too many mistakes, were in at the hole the whole time and that's a big advantage when it comes to Ryder Cups.
"To be able to continually put pressure on your opponent, that is what makes for a good strategy if you want to have a Ryder Cup and, individual record aside, the most important thing is to get the team victory."


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World Council's Bierecki Named to European Council
Appointment follows executive's 2011 election to Poland's parliament
January 23, 2012
SOPOT, Poland — Grzegorz Bierecki, president and CEO of the National Association of Cooperative Savings & Credit Unions (NACSCU), Poland's credit union trade association and World Council of Credit Unions member, was named to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE). The council is Europe's oldest international parliamentary group and precursor to the European Union. As one of the council's two statutory organs, PACE investigates, recommends and advises European policy development.
Bierecki, who serves as World Council first vice chair, was elected senator in Poland's parliament last year. It was Bierecki's first election to public office.
"The appointment to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe could not come in a more timely fashion," Bierecki said. "While the financial markets are still in turmoil and the world has not yet recovered from the deep crisis, more challenges are ahead for credit unions. There has to be a non-banking voice present in the European forum adding the human dimension to finance."
Bierecki's new roles as senator and one of Poland's 12 representatives to PACE are not considered full-time obligations. The veteran executive will continue to serve in his capacities both with NACSCU and World Council.
Bierecki was a former staff member of Lech Wałęsa's Solidarity party, which helped reestablish Poland's credit union movement in partnership with World Council in 1989. The Polish movement has since grown to one of the world's most successful systems. Poland's 59 credit unions, operating under a unified marketing brand from a central back-office platform, support 1,852 branches and serve 2.2 million members nationwide.
Poland's credit unions pride themselves on effectively representing their members' interests. Bierecki's election and new PACE appointment have increased credit unions' public profile in both Poland and throughout Europe, according to World Council President and CEO Brian Branch.
"Grzegorz Bierecki's appointment to PACE gives European credit unions a strong voice beyond Poland's borders," said Branch, who last year led an engagement program of U.S. credit union league and association executives to NACSCU headquarters to study the Polish credit union system. "As the European credit union movement continues to grow, it can only benefit from increased support at the international parliamentary level."
To help celebrate the 20th anniversary of Poland's credit unions, World Council will hold its 2012 World Credit Union Conference, July 15–18, in Gdańsk, Poland. For more information, visit www.letsgdansk2012.org.
World Council of Credit Unions is the global trade association and development agency for credit unions. World Council promotes the sustainable development of credit unions and other financial cooperatives around the world to empower people through access to high quality and affordable financial services. World Council advocates on behalf of the global credit union system before international organizations and works with national governments to improve legislation and regulation. Its technical assistance programs introduce new tools and technologies to strengthen credit unions' financial performance and increase their outreach.
World Council has implemented 300+ technical assistance programs in 89 countries. Worldwide, 68,882 credit unions in 109 countries serve 235 million people. Learn more about World Council's impact around the world at www.woccu.org.
NOTE: Click on photos to view/download in high resolution.


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Ericsson on Tuesday filed a lawsuit against Samsung for infringing its patents. The suit comes after the companies have spent nearly two years at the negotiating table in an attempt to reach an agreement on Samsung's use of Ericsson's patents, which fall under Fair Reasonable and Non-discrimanatory (FRAND) licensing terms.
Ericsson's patents are seen as essential to several telecommunications and networking standards used by Samsung's products, as well as other of Ericsson's patented inventions that are frequently implemented in wireless and consumer electronics products.
In a press release, Ericsson said it has concluded that it has no option other than legal action after Samsung has refused all offers.
Samsung previously licensed Ericsson's patents in 2001 and renewed in 2007, but its license has now expired.
"Ericsson has over 30,000 patents and more than 100 license agreements with all major players in the industry," said Kasim Alfalahi, chief intellectual property officer at Ericsson, in a statement. "Ericsson has tried long and hard to amicably come to an agreement with Samsung and to sign a license agreement on FRAND terms. We have turned to litigation as a last resort."
Samsung says it has been more than fair and argues that it's Ericsson being unreasonable at the bargaining table.
"This time Ericsson has demanded significantly higher royalty rates for the same patent portfolio. As we cannot accept such extreme demands, we will take all necessary legal measures to protect against Ericsson's excessive claims," Samsung said in a statement provided to the New York Times.
Ericsson filed its complaint in the District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, USA, which is the district where Ericsson's US headquarters is located.


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Oct. 10, 2012
COPY BY: Rana McDonald, 806-651-2129, email@example.com
CANYON, Texas—The West Texas A&M University production of The Elephant Man has earned several Respondent Awards as an associate production entry in the 2012 American College Theatre Festival (ACTF).
Respondent John Cimics attended the Oct. 6 performance of The Elephant Man and gave the production high praise and an impressive list of awards.
Josiah Robinson, a junior musical theatre major from Canyon, earned a Meritorious Achievement Award in acting for his performance as surgeon Frederick Treves. Kristina Reneau, a senior design/technology theatre major from Amarillo, received a Meritorious Achievement Award in wig and makeup design.
Commendations were given to Megan Hjerpe, a senior design/technology theatre major from Amarillo, for stage management, J.T. Sherrer, a junior theatre major from Amarillo, for sound design, and to Kylee Melson, a junior design/technology theatre major, for prop design.
Two WTAMU students— Zeke Lewis, a senior theatre major from Azle, and Reilly Downes, a senior musical theatre major from Bandera— received Irene Ryan Acting Awards which gives each student an opportunity to compete in the Regional Irene Ryan Acting Competition in February 2013 in Louisiana.
WTAMU began participating in ACTF in 1994, and every production since then has received high praise and/or a chance to advance to the regional festival. The University last competed at regionals in 2008 with The Rabbit Hole. The University's 2012 participating entry, Iphigenia 2.0, will open in November and receive a critique and possible awards from a team of respondents.
The Elephant Man, directed by Royal Brantley, professor of theatre, and designed by theatre professors Anne Medlock and Shawn Irish, runs through Oct. 13 in the Happy State Bank Studio Theatre on campus. For ticket information, call the theatre box office at 806-651-2804.
© West Texas A&M University
All Rights Reserved
Canyon, TX 79016


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nice pic. love the hair.....love dudes that have a five o'clock shadow early in the day, very masculine and awesome
wow . .the last one almost looks like me 5 years ago ..
now the chest hair has at least doubled and the hair line above the belly button is a lot wider
Well Reone...as to your comment,
probably could ask the desk clerk,
if you can figure out what hotel and
room he was in at the time...
and if I don't beat you to it.
this is almost 100% like my body looked 5 years ago.
now I am more hairy
I need to get pics of my man for up here. We're 21 and he's a hairy fucker. So fucking hot
Corny is one of the smartest sexiest men on the entire planet! (spoken for truth)
These are the types of guys that Sir Ron loves best!
The Three Musketeers... Bashful, Chrisglass, and Ronboy!
Can u imagine eating his hairy arse, what a delight.
then taking that dick deep in my mouth, mmmm
love the hairy legs. and of course everything else. damn he is fuckin hot
The more hair adds to mans erotic sexual pleasure.
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^ the first guy seems very familiar. are those pics from jub?
From json11
This BEARD BOY ... is so cutie !
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Wow, this thread is so hot! More please!
You depend on our protection yet you feed us lies from the tablecloth!
I know you'll find your own way when I'm not with you tonight.
Great job with post #34.
Not over or under in any department.
How can I order one in natural blond?
More please.
Hairy guys are a major turn on for me.
Even if it's a quickie, wrap that sticky.
Thanks to kalentitoelpancho
should i post pics of myself?
I'm hairy as fuck
WOW these guys are HOT!
........... fantastic
delicious fluff could eat them all


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"Cameron's passion to deliver a world-class public transportation system to San Francisco was shaped not just by his vast transportation experience informed by decades of work but most importantly by the riders of Muni themselves," said San Francisco Mayor Edwin Lee. "His leadership and commitment to them and to our operators, maintenance workers, bicyclists and pedestrians is reflected every day in the operations of our SFMTA. As we dedicate this yard to Cameron's legacy, we also rededicate ourselves to providing our city with the transportation system it deserves."
"As a daily Muni rider and native San Franciscan, Cam had an unparalleled passion for Muni, our customers and the future of this system," said Tom Nolan, chairman of the SFMTA Board of Directors. "His expertise and insight are greatly missed. This action is a fitting memorial to his legacy for this agency, this city and the public transportation industry."
Beach, who passed away this spring, was a member of the SFMTA Board of Directors for more than four years and was especially admired for his transit expertise and passion for public transportation. His career in transportation spanned 44 years, including 25 years with the Sacramento Regional Transit District. Beach's committee and board memberships in the transit industry also included serving as chair of California Operation Lifesaver, past chair of the American Public Transportation Association's Light Rail Committee, vice chair of APTA's Committee on Public Safety, as well as member of the APTA Alternate Fuels Committee, the APTA Heritage Streetcar Subcommittee and the APTA Light Rail Transit Technical Forum. Earlier this month Beach was posthumously awarded APTA's Distinguished Service Award.


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Thursday, July 27, 2006
The REAL Miami Vice
Last Friday, back-up Hurricane safety Willie Cooper was shot in the arse outside his house by an unknown person who fled after Cooper's teammate and roommate, Brandon Meriweather returned gunfire.
Luckily, Cooper's wounds were superficial and he was able to work out the next day. And Meriweather, the team's leading tackler last season, wasn't in any trouble as police say he used his gun legally because he has a permit for it.
Yes, somewhere Jimmy Johnson is smiling (about the firing back part, not about the permit bullshit).
But there's always one party pooper. And in this case, it's 'Cane coach Larry Coker who has asked his players to stop packing heat.
What!? No guns in Miami!? Why doesn't Coker just come right out and ban fun? Or Christmas? Or recruiting players with 11 prior arrests?
Yet, apparently Coker is serious because, at the ACC media event Monday, Coker said he preferred his players call 911 and let them handle those sorts of situations.
No word yet if his players will listen or will instead continue to solve things "the Miami way."
P.S. I love that they discussed this at the conference media day! Remember when those events used to be boring affairs about that new linebacker your team was breaking in or who was going to start at QB? Ha! How 1994.
15 comments:
No wonder Willie Williams wants out, someone might return fire and bust a cap in his ass.
I worry they may try to pack heat on the sideline and change the outcome of a game. Is that an NCAA violation?
- July 26, 2006 8:01 AM
I can't wait til they get to Columbus. Our dogs will uncover any contraband they try to bring with them.
- July 26, 2006 8:05 AM
- St. Simons Island Nole said...
The best part of Media Day is when someone in the media asked Uncle Fester, errr, Larry Coker, about Willie Williams, and Fester's response was, "Willie is a third team LB, let's talk about the players that actually play". Nice...from the worlds greatest recruit two years ago to a guy the coach doesn't want to talk about.
- July 26, 2006 8:31 AM
- Cool Hand Mike said...
You can't disarm Miami players. They showed up for the bowl game against Penn State in the 80's dressed in camo. Kellen Winslow said best,"We're soldiers, this is war". You can't disarm them because then they'll be just shit talking bitches.
- July 26, 2006 11:01 AM
MZone, how could you have missed the part in the AP story that describes how the players were living in a house OWNED by their coach? Can you say "Hello Investigation?" Probably not, but only because they havent won a title in a few years...
- July 26, 2006 11:33 AM
- BaggyPantsDevil said...
It's great to have The U back.
This is comedy that writes itself so I'm not going to comment on anything other than wonder if anyone asked Larry Coker if the gang bangs were still OK.
I am a little confused about the police statement that Brandon "Let's Slap Leather" Meriwether used his gun legally because he had a permit. Permit or not it's generally illegal--and a bad idea--to discharge a firearm on a residential area--the bullet's got to hit something eventually--so I would think the self defense angle is a more mitigating factor.
- July 26, 2006 12:44 PM
lol are you serious... hey you forgot the part that it was cleared by the NCAA for the coach to rent out the house to the players... if your going to try and bash a team do your research... if your players were in danger then you would want them to do the same thing... im really glad he had the gun on him because instead of hearing a story about him getting shot in the ass it could have possibly been a story about 2 miami players killed... but since you want to get technical... review most of the stories and you will see that BM got the gun out of the house which means it wasn't on him at the time that he was out of the house he went in after returning to the home and got it... why would coker want to talk about a guy that we waisted a scholarship on let his lil bitch ass sit there and rot...
- July 26, 2006 12:47 PM
Looks like the Seventh Floor Crew has moved into a house...
- July 26, 2006 1:36 PM
yea because the 7th floor crew was recorded over 4 years ago right...
- July 26, 2006 2:20 PM
I live in South Florida and have never even met a U of M grad, I see alot of boarder crossing looking people in hurricane attire, but never a grad.
- July 26, 2006 2:46 PM
- Aram said...
I absolutely love that his teammate was right there to return fire. That's teamwork right there.
- July 26, 2006 4:44 PM
Another Clarett Issue. Yost, I love your site and visit it every day before I visit anything else. However, I cannot figure it out, for the life of me, how do I send you this as an email? I cannot find your email address anywhere. Please show me the light!
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) - Two weeks before his trial on aggravated burglary and weapons charges, former Ohio State running back Maurice Clarett does not have an attorney.
In a single-paragraph letter Clarett wrote on July 20, he said he fired attorneys William Settina and Robert Krapenc. They filed a motion Monday saying they do not wish to continue as Clarett's lawyers, saying he has not paid their fees and is not cooperating in his own defense.
Court documents do not list any other attorney for Clarett.
Common Pleas Judge David S. Fais scheduled a hearing for Thursday morning to address the situation.
Clarett, 22, turned himself in on Jan. 2 to face charges of flashing a gun and robbing two people in an alley behind a bar.
As a freshman, Clarett scored the winning touchdown in the second overtime to lead Ohio State to the 2002 national championship, the school's first since 1968. But that was the last game he played for the Buckeyes.
He sat out the 2003 season after being charged with misdemeanor falsification on a police report. After dropping out of school, he sued to be included in the 2004 NFL draft and lost in court.
A surprise third-round pick in the 2005 draft, he was cut by the Denver Broncos during the preseason.
He has been free on a recognizance bond since his indictment on Feb. 10. He is charged with two counts of aggravated robbery, four counts of robbery and one count of carrying a concealed weapon.
- July 26, 2006 4:51 PM
- Yost said...
On home page in upper lefthand corner. Just put in the "@" and "."
- July 26, 2006 6:21 PM
- Yost said...
In the text under the MZone logo
- July 26, 2006 6:22 PM
Whoever said they have never met a UM grad, its probably because they dont hang out at the trailer parks and klan rallies you frequent. Border Jumpers? Did you just say that? What border are they jumping over, the atlantic ocean? Thats a pretty big jump.
As for the article, it was funny, at least as funny as something making light of attempted murder can be.
I just feel sorry for the Noles jumping on the wagon to find some way to talk smack. I suppose St. Bobby's gun registration program is alot better than Coker telling them to call 911.
- July 27, 2006 3:09 AM


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Original URL: https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/07/17/wikileaks_iran_block/
Iran blocks Wikileaks
Site condemns their 'Berlin Wall moment'
Posted in Policy, 17th July 2009 11:36 GMT
Iran has blocked access to whistleblowers' site WikiLeaks, ahead of today's expected protests.
The site complains that it carries very little content about Iran and much of that shows the machinations of US intelligence-funded efforts to destabilise the country.
A statement from WikiLeaks seems to have some sympathy with Iran.
The information site said:
A middle-sized developing country, such as Iran, faced with powerful, wealthy adversaries may argue that it needs to censor "enemy media" in order to maintain itself as an independent nation. And when funding of some exiled Iranian dissident groups is hostile and covert, it paves the way for the censorship of all dissident groups.
Yet whatever legitimate concerns Iran may have with foreign destabilisation campaigns, its blocking of WikiLeaks cannot be justified.
Wikileaks accused the Iranian government of blocking the site not to stop foreign influence, but in order to stop Iranians getting their message out to the world.
The site said: "In censorship terms, the blocking of WikiLeaks is Iran's Berlin wall moment; it is not an attempt to keep enemies out, rather, it is an attempt to lock Iranians in, and must be condemned."
Protests were expected today over last month's disputed elections. ®


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2.2 How group work can assist with practical issues facing lecturing staff
Many higher education establishments have experienced large increases in student numbers and this can support the rationale for introducing more group work. First, it might be regarded as a palliative for the resource problems that massification tends to create. Second, it may be championed as a practicable way of providing good learning experiences for students.
Increases in student numbers typically reduce the average lecturer time available for each student and certain forms of group work can be offered as a partial solution. Class contact time can be reduced if students are asked to work in groups outside of the direct supervision of lecturing staff. Individual projects can be replaced by group projects. However, group work can take many hours of administration to make sure that the process runs smoothly.
Massification also puts pressure on the quality of teaching. How do lecturers engage the feelings and emotions of a large body of students, whom they neither meet individually nor know by name? If the cited benefits of group work can be realised, the productivity of teaching might be raised through improvements in quality as well as through reductions in resources per head. For example, following Kolb's (1984) model of experiential learning, students might be more effectively engaged in their learning, develop their initiative and motivation, and show increased commitment in their learning.
Developing students' skills
It is now usual for undergraduate awards to be required to include in their aims a commitment to developing students' skills. Statements are easily written into award documents, but less easily located in the experiences that are provided for students or the outcomes that are assessed. Group work projects provide practicable opportunities for the application of transferable skills (such as teamwork, leadership, communication and project management) and these opportunities are easy to write into module specifications. Identifying students' progress in these skills is more of a challenge and one that lies beyond the scope of this chapter.
Source of social identity
For students studying within a mass education environment there can be social and personal benefits of being allocated into relatively small, clearly identified, task-oriented groups. There is a longstanding body of research suggesting that membership of groups can make a major contribution to an individual's sense of identity and self-evaluation (see, for example, Festinger, 1954).
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