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Guide to the Herman Axelbank Motion Picture Film Collection1896-1977
Guide to the Herman Axelbank Motion Picture Film Collection, 1896-1977Hoover Institution Archives
Stanford University
Stanford, California
- Hoover Institution Archives
- Stanford University
- Stanford, California 94305-6010
- Phone: (650) 723-3563
- Fax: (650) 725-3445
- Email: email@example.com
- Prepared by:
- Carol A. Leadenham
- Date Completed:
- 1983
Milorad M. Drachkovitch
Director of Archives and Senior Fellow
January 1983
- Actuality: incorporating two classes of "real life" film
- "Live" film of an event either totally unplanned or at least planned primarily for purposes other than film-making
- Factual material - demonstrations of equipment, interviews, speeches, comment - specially filmed for inclusion in instructional films, news reports, etc.
- Dramatisation: film retaining an essentially documentary approach to its subject without meeting either of the "Actuality" definitions
- Fiction
- Illustrative material: maps, graphs, diagrams, reproductions of photographs and illustrations from books
Container List
Segment 1 5th century-1868 Summary of Russian history (0-150)
Segment2 1869-ca. 1914 Lenin's life from 1869-early 1890's--views of Simbirsk; interior of Ul'ianov house; Ul'ianov family photo including Lenin as a boy; Volga River; Schl[UNK]usselburg Prison; document relating to Alexander Ul'ianov's execution; photo of Lenin; Kazan; University of Kazan; photo of Lenin; Kazan Prison; Lenin's prison cell; photo of Lenin; Lenin's prison dossier; photo of Lenin (150-339) views of pre-revolutionary peasant life--peasant thatched roof wood houses; peasant plowing; peasants threshing; peasant families in boat on river; boatmen; workers in small factory (339-373)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 early 1890's-1904 Photos of St. Petersburg--buildings, monuments, factory districts; Lenin at 23; house where Lenin carried on revolutionary activities; illus. of Lenin and other revolutionaries; pages from Lenin's works; photo of Lenin and other members of Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, including Martov (on Lenin's left) and Krzhizhanovskii (on his right) (photo taken February 1897); prison watchtower with guard, prison cell; illus. of Lenin in cell writing; demonstration of invisible ink; cell; photo of Lenin (0-90) film of Siberian area where Lenin was exiled; village of Shushinskaia (place of Lenin's 1897 exile); interior of hut (90-120) illus. of Lenin writing; pages from his works; map (120-130) scenes from cities of St. Petersburg (suburb), Pskov, Nizhni Novgorod, Riga, St. Petersburg (130-144) typescript of one of Lenin's works; photo of Lenin; pages of Iskra; illus. of clandestine printing; map; clandestine printing press; pages; illus. of Lenin speaking to 2d Congress of Russian Social Democratic Workers Party; photo of Stalin; photo of Stalin, Lenin, Kalinin; snowy scenes from villages of Kurena and Katurm, Stalin's Siberian exile sites (144-246)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2 1904 Priest blessing troops; military parade; spectators throwing flowers; soldiers boarding trains, battle scenes; wagons carrying wounded; naval bombardment; moving troop train; wounded being unloaded from train (246-298)
Segment 3 1905 Bloody Sunday--soldiers and demonstrators clash; Winter Palace Square; bridge; reproduction of a painting of massacred civilians (298-318) prisoners walking in chains (318-323) burial of Grand Duke Sergei Aleksandrovich, who had been assassinated by SR terrorist (323-340) workers leaving a factory; crowds of workers; orators (340-348) Scenes from the Sergei Eisenstein film Battleship Potemkin (1925): Potemkin mutiny (348-356) crowds of people running down long flights of stairs, being fired upon by soldiers (356-367)
Segment 1 1905-1906 Cavalry breaks up advancing crowd; rebels battle tsar's forces at the barricades; sequence ends with a proclamation of the tsar with a bloody hand superimposed (0-56) illus. from book of Lenin addressing an illegal meeting in St. Petersburg in 1906 (56-78) film of prison and prison yard; prisoners in cells, walking in chains (78-92) illus. from book of Lenin fleeing into exile across ice of Gulf of Finland (92-100)
Segment 2
1907, 1908
Outdoor Te Deum for Imperial Guards regiment; Grand Duke Cyril present
Segment 3 1908 (Tsar) Paris and Lenin's Paris home; workers' suburbs (197-235) drawing of Lenin at the time, reprod. of book illus.; photo of Lenin; Lenin's party school at Longjumeau, suburb of Paris (235-240) Tsar and his honor guard (240-243)
Segment 4 1909 Tolstoi sitting, writing in notebook (243-254) view of Yasnaya Polyana--estate buildings, gates, countryside (254-278) Tolstoi's family (278-289) Tolstoi walking with his wife (289-299) Tolstoi walking (299-306) Tolstoi sawing wood (306-314) Tolstoi walking with dog (314-317) surrounding countryside, birch trees, countryside (317-362)
Segment 1
Countryside surrounding Yasnaya Polyana; Tolstoi and peasants (0-19) Tolstoi riding horseback (19-42) trip to Moscow by train,
Segment 2 1911 (Romanovs) Tsarist emblems, double-headed eagle; Fortress of Peter and Paul; lifeguards regiment marching; procession of priests; Shrine of the Iberian Virgin, woman kneeling; street scene (191-216) peasant women shoveling, dumping buckets of grain into cart; peasants threshing; thatched roofed huts (repeat of film on reel 1, segment 2); migrating peasants at train station; barge haulers; dockworkers loading grain; miners (217-285) political prisoners, Peter-Paul Fortress; prisoners in railroad cars on way to exile in Siberia (286-339) Tsar and family; Tsarevich and cousin; Tsarevich on pony (340-365)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 1907-1913 Ural'sk (fishing village) (0-18) Kursk--fire drill by Kursk fire company; street scenes (18-75) Moscow--Kremlin; Shrine of the Iberian Virgin; Red Square, 1911; Bolshoi Theater; Kremlin; bird market; samovar market (76-205) St. Petersburg--Nevskii Prospekt (206-230) Moscow--Ivan Bell Tower (231-235) Tsar's hunting lodge; hunting dogs (236-250) a northern outpost--windmill (250-255)
Segment 2 1907-1913 St. Petersburg--procession with Tsar on horseback and Empress in carriage (255-276) Kremlin--Tsar and family, Grand Duke Michael and his wife at a religious ceremony (276-300) Tsar and family leaving another religious ceremony (Tsarevich has swollen cheek) (300-306) Moscow--section titled: Narodnaia gulian'ia na Devich'em pole (people strolling in Devichoe field, a park) (306-318) building a log house (318-333) Tuapse on the Black Sea--outdoor cafe (333-345) Matsesta Valley (345-354) Lake Baikal--film shot from moving train on Trans-Siberian Railroad (354-362)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 1911 (Tsar); c.a. 1911 (Reval) Tsar on horseback leading carriage with Empress and Tsarevich; Tsar and Empress on foot among dignitaries (0-7) Title: Reval (Estland)--view from moving train, outskirts of city, wooden buildings (8-23)
Segment 2 c.a. 1911 Title: Straight Through Russia--begins at train station; film shot from moving train; snowy countryside; villages along the tracks (23-138) Moscow--film shot from top of Church of the Redeemer; Kremlin; Moskva River; distillery across the river (138-197) Karelian fishing village--villagers folding the nets; sorting fish; village women self-consciously smiling at camera (197-237) Saratov--street scenes; church with scaffolding; horse-drawn carts; people in overcoats (237-284)
Segment 3 c.a. 1911-1912 Tsar and Empress walking outdoors among dignitaries, priests; Tsarevich being carried by cossack officer (284-294) Russian gymnasts at 1912 Olympics at Stockholm, Sweden; gymnast on bar; group floor exercises (294-318) Prague scenes; illus. from book of Lenin in Prague; title pages of his What Is To Be Done, One Step Forward, Two Steps Back; mastheads of Pravda showing its frequent title changes (318-386) Tsar outside with camera, taking pictures of his daughters and courtiers; Tsar watching daughters and courtiers play a game--two courtiers and one girl run until one of the courtiers catches the girl; the three then come back and another group of three starts running (386-410)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1
Tsar, daughters, courtiers at picnic; playing game in which they are throwing dozens of balls a little larger than softballs
at each other (0-65) clowning for camera--courtier dives fully dressed into lake; another paddles out in kayak and purposely
capsizes it (65-112) courtiers swimming in the nude (112-158) Tsarevich and courtiers with pony (158-202) playing shuffleboard
on the royal yacht (202-261) Tsar's daughters and courtiers rollerskating on the yacht (261-302) scenes of Moscow; scenes
of provincial Russia (302-316) estate of the governor of the Kaluga District; governor and wife; peasant district heads (316-351)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 1913 Big Bertha; Krupp Works at Essen; new German destroyer launched at Kiel (0-28)
Segment 2 1913 Russian regiment on parade in honor of 300th anniversary of Romanov dynasty (28-37) anniversary celebration at Kremlin; crowds; priests (37-55) Duma in session; illus. of Grigorii Petrovskii, one of the Bolshevik deputies, being ejected from Duma (55-65) groups of Duma deputies, Senators; two men coming out of a door together; Rodzianko, Chairman of the Duma; Purishkevich; Miliukov; group of Duma members (55-89) soldiers on parade at Kremlin; Tsar, on horseback, salutes; priests lead royal procession; Tsar; Empress nods to crowd; Tsarevich; Grand Duchesses; crown jewels; Moscow garrison on parade in Red Square in honor of 300th anniversary of Romanov dynasty; Tsar and Tsarevich followed by Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich; Tsar and family; Tsar, Empress in receiving line; Empress gives gifts to guardsmen (89-173)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3 1913 Kaiser Wilhelm II visits Krupp Works at Essen; Kaiser reviews hussar regiment; Kaiser at maneuvers on Tempelhof Grounds, Berlin; German soldiers drilling; pontoon bridge exercises; Kaiser and business leaders; Kaiser foxhunting; Kaiser and King Ludwig of Bavaria (173-246)
Segment 4
Tsar, Empress, daughters, Tsarevich (carried) visit Sevastopol naval base (246-251) Tsar, daughters, Tsarevich return from
motorboat trip; Tsar and daughters enter carriage (252-277) map of Russia in 1913; Tsar, Empress, and children participating
in ceremony during celebration of 300th anniversary of Romanov dynasty (278-295) French soldiers digging trenches; rifle drill
(295-298) Kaiser at parade in Berlin (298-309) Emperor Franz Joseph inspecting troops (299-313) ceremony with Nicholas II
kissing Imperial Guards; daughters in the background (313-318) Tsar and his family visit the King and Queen of Romania,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1
State visit of Poincaire,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2 1914 Photo of Lenin; reproduction of title page of Imperialism, Highest Stage of Capitalism; Albert Thomas, French Socialist Minister of Munitions (227-257) Russian cavalry (257-263) artillery (263-268) Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich (269-274) Russian field telephone (274-277) Russian cannon firing (277-289) infantry charge (289-302) Russian dead; cudgel allegedly used to finish off Russian wounded by Germans (film shot by Ivan Dored, combat cameraman with Russian army); wounded at tent hospital (302-311) infantry attack through forest; Russian cannon (311-323) cavalry enters Austrian town; Austrian prisoners eating (323-332) cossack cavalry enters town of Pochæv; monastery at Pochæv; while Germans there they removed monks' skeletons from tombs; Russian soldiers shown putting skeletons back (332-367)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 1914-1915 Grave of Austrian officer, prisoner of war who died of his wounds (no. 362 on grave marker) (0-1) Metropolitan arrives to reconsecrate Pochæv Monastery; greets Russian soldiers; general decorates Russian soldiers; Metropolitan departs (1-30) Russian officer at Division Headquarters; general reviews Russian division on Galician Front; Imperial Russian battle flag; infantry; cavalry (30-62) priests bless troops before battle; Iliodor the "mad monk" blessing troops (62-124) Russian supply trucks, armored trucks; trench warfare in the snow (124-228) Austrian prisoners of war marching; prisoners being disarmed (228-268) graves (268-274) Petrograd; women in munitions plants (274-291) Russian soldiers marching to front (291-294) Armenian conscripts drilling before going to the front (294-299)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2 1915 Tsar at front with Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich; Tsar at front reviewing troops (299-334)
Segment 3 1916 Baku oil fields (334-344) mine sweeper of Black Sea Fleet laying siege to Trebizond; Russian ship shelling causeway bridge to cut communications between Turkish Army and Trebizond (344-369)
Segment 1
Capture of Trebizond,
Segment 2 1916 Russian Air Force on Turkish Front--Voisin fighter plane, pusher-type, propeller in rear; pilot suits up, gets into plane for bombing raid over Turkish lines (135-168) on the way to Erzerum (Erzerum captured Feb. 16, 1916)--infantry patrol crossing plank bridge over stream (168-185) cavalry patrol; cavalry patrol crossing stream (185-188) fighter plane in the air; on the ground; pilot examines stack of bombs he will drop by hand from open cockpit; shells exploding in the distance; puffs of smoke (188-227) Russian landing parties in boats next to Black Sea Fleet ships; wounded being loaded on battleship to be taken to Sevastopol; unloading horses from transport ship; landing parties in boats next to ships; ruins on the road to Erzerum (227-250)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3 1916 Russian Air Force Lieutenant Mertesalov takes plane up for bombing raid; over Turkish lines; forced down by enemy fire, Mertesalov makes emergency landing in a cornfield; Mertesalov back on the ground, with pipe, plane, and ground crew (250-307) staff headquarters in a Turkish villa; General Wrangel (307-311) Russians advancing in the mountains through a narrow pass; infantry; cavalry; artillery on carts pulled by horses (311-339)
Segment 1 1916 Advance post on mountain; Russian trenches; soldier pours himself a cup of tea; soldiers digging trenches; Turkish officers; Russian guns firing (0-82) field hospital; wounded on stretchers; nurse in tent innoculates soldiers (82-109) cavalry patrol mining bridge; mountain battery shelling Turkish lines; shells exploding (109-159) cossack cavalry charge (159-181) view from trench during battle (181-183)
Segment 2 May 21, 1916 Exchange of Russian and German wounded prisoners; Red Cross representative; shell shocked German; group shot of wounded Russian and German prisoners (on crutches, amputees); young Russian soldiers around a table drinking (183-278)
Segment 3 1916 Tsar at the front; group shot surrounded by generals and high ranking officers; Tsar at Red Cross hospital (278-291) war relief bazaar in Petrograd; Tsar on white horse; Empress, Anastasiia, Ol'ga, Tat'iana in bazaar booth; Tsar, on foot, appears to be trying to keep automobile between himself and the camera (291-338) Russian Army retreats; equipment and cavalry cross river; corpses (338-353) Tsar and Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich at the front; Tsar arrives in Mogilev, accompanied by Chief of Staff IAnushkevich and the Grand Duke; General Alekseev delivers a report (353-376)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 1916 (railroad ceremony, June, 1916) General Brusilov, sitting at a table, smiling and talking (0-8) Tsar's emissary, General IAnushkevich, attends ceremonies at the opening of a railroad built by Russian engineers between Julfa an the Persian border and Tabriz (project was begun in 1907); Persian Crown Prince Mohammed Hassan Mirza cuts ribbon; Russian and Persian dignitaries get into cars; train surrounded by crowds of people; cavalry honor guards line tracks; dignitaries review Persian troops; dignitaries pose for camera; ribbon cutting; Russian dignitary makes speech; Crown Prince, IAnushkevich, and others watch Persian cavalry jumping exhibition; soldiers in calisthenics demonstration; acrobats; trick riding exhibition (8-332) French reception of Russian brigade as it disembarks from ship in France (332-353)
Segment 1 late autumn-winter 1916 Priests bless troops; Tsar and Tsarevich review troops (0-106) Tsar, Empress, and daughters at same military review; soundtrack says this is the last moving picture film taken of the imperial family (106-118) Russian soldiers, eating, during a snowstorm (118-138)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2 Dec. 1916-March 1917 (N.S.) Lieutenant Colonel Gruzinov, Commander of the Troops of the Moscow Military District, reviews troops on Red Square (138-157) poorer residents of Petrograd; women and children; market with almost nothing available for sale (157-167) photos of Rasputin; poster of Rasputin; photo of IUsupov (167-199) wounded being unloaded, carried on stretchers to hospital; wounded lying outside full hospitals; soldiers' corpses lying in snowy field; soldiers' corpses being dumped from cart onto field (199-228) street scene near Alexander III statue in Petrograd (228-237) view of Putilov Factory; factory whistle; leaflets being handed out; workers leaving Putilov Factory; strike at Putilov Factory; strike leaders addressing crowd of workers (237-254) street demonstrations in Petrograd, including one on Znamenskaia Square (254-293) garrison troops, called out to surpress demonstrations, go over to the revolution-Keksholm Regiment, Pavlovskii Regiment (293-356) soldiers marching; in cars; with armored car; Tauride Palace, exterior; interior; Duma in session; exterior; crowds with banners (356-371)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 March 1917 Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies; crowds in front of Tauride Palace; Volynskii and Keksholm Regiments march to Duma to pledge loyalty to new government (0-31) Rodzianko; Provisional Government leader addresses crowd from steps of Tauride Palace; revolutionary soldiers in trucks; soldiers drinking tea in Tauride Palace (31-64) destruction of Schlüsselburg Prison, civil records and deeds, tsarist emblems; gutted buildings on Znamenskaia Square (64-117) troops of the Moscow Military District (on horseback); crowds; police agents apprehended; soldiers with sacks of grain; peoples's militia; captured gendarmes in prison; crowds; demonstrations in Moscow; soldiers cheering; poster with "war to victory" slogan; demonstration in Moscow; Gruzinov and others of Moscow Military District; demonstrations; banners; crippled war veterans; demonstrations in Moscow; Petrograd--crowds, red flag; sacked police station (117-324)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 March 1917 Prisoners being released; filing out of prison door; official reads a proclamation to them; they line up with a banner facing camera for a group picture; official delivers speech to them; they toss him in the air (0-50) crowds, smiling, waving (aware of camera) on Nevskii Prospekt (50-71) Purishkevich giving a speech to crowd in front of Tauride Palace (71-91) Kerensky in civilian clothes coming out a door (91-98) political prisoner released after 25 years in solitary confinment (98-101) revolutionary soldiers parading in the streets of Petrograd (101-131) Sir Alfred Knox, British military attache (131-159) militia on guard in Petrograd (159-161) Guchkov (161-163)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2 April 1917 Funeral of the martyrs of the February Revolution on Mars Field, Petrograd; crowds (over a million people attended); armored vehicles; people carrying the coffins; procession; banners (including banner of the Russian League of Working Women); bands (163-361)
Segment 1 April 1917 Funeral of the martyrs of the February Revolution (cont.)--funeral procession; banners; cannon salute; coffins in open grave; paper tag on each giving name of martyr (0-26) Duma, Provisional Government, and Petrograd Soviet figures--Guchkov; Rodzianko; widows of martyrs; Petrograd Garrison troops; Shul'gin; Guchkov; Vera Zasulich; Vera Figner; Gruzenberg, attorney, on Figner's right; Burtsev; Rodzianko; Guchkov; Miliukov; Steklov; Skobelev; Tsereteli; workers' militia; military band; crowds (26-127)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2 April 1917 Duma leaders, in a group, including Miliukov, Konovalov (behind Miliukov), Shul'gin, Rodzianko; Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet, including Chkheidze, Skobelev; Provisional Government members Prince L'vov, Prime Minister; Miliukov, Foreign Minister; Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet, shown singly--Chkheidze, Chairman; Tsereteli; Avksent'ev; Kamenev; Shreider, first elected mayor of Petrograd; group shot of the Executive Committee; group of Duma leaders including Miliukov, Guchkov, Rodzianko (center); Guchkov removes hat (127-183)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3
April 1917
Photo of Lenin walking down a street with a group of associates (during his return to Russia); David R. Francis, American
Ambassador; Francis Riggs, American military attache, with Norman Armour, First Secretary of the American Embassy; Chkheidze;
Skobelev greets a member of the Petrograd Soviet (?); illus. from a book of Lenin on arrival in Petrograd,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 4
April 1917
Peter and Paul Fortress Commander; street scene, Petrograd,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 5
May 1, 1917
May Day celebration,
Segment 1
May 1917
May Day,
Segment 2
May-June 1917
Shreider and other Provisional Government leaders; Shreider at an election rally during his campaign for mayor of Petrograd
(147-169) government leaders, army veterans, conservative group, priests in conservative faction; Miliukov (169-181) Trotsky
speaking from the steps of a train,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1
June-July 1917
Poster for Liberty Loan; patriotic demonstration (0-13) Kerensky at the front, tossed in the air by soldiers (13-18) Women's
Battalion marching, drilling, rifle practice; group picture; British officer, Florence Harper and Emmeline Pankhurst; Pankhurst
greets Bochkareva, Commander of Women's Battalion; Bochkareva and Pankhurst review Woman's Battalion (18-46) Elections to
City Duma--crowds; leaflets being dropped from cars; truck with a "Peace, Land, Bread" banner; orator; crowds; leaflets (46-65)
Women's Battalion in Moscow--induction ceremony on Red Square; oath of loyalty (65-75) pro-Kerensky demonstration, parade;
banner: "Forward with our Leader Kerensky" (75-80) opening of First All-Russian Congress of Soviets in Petrograd,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2
July 1917
July Days--demonstrations; banners,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3
August 1917
Area near Sestroretsk where Lenin was in hiding following July Days; Lenin's false passport; photo of Lenin as Ivanov in Finland
(257-278) Petrograd--anti-Bolshevik orators, cossack officer addressing the crowd (278-300) men leaving through factory gates;
crowds in front of a store, mostly women (300-313) soldier smoking; soldiers with leaflets; wounded soldiers getting off trains;
soldiers boarding trains; soldiers with leaflets; workers stoking a fire; orator in a factory (313-333) orator in the countryside
speaking to peasants; soldier speaking (333-345) Kornilov and cavalry (345-349) Boris Savinkov (349-354) opera house in Moscow
where State Conference was held,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 August 1917 Moscow State Conference--crowds outside opera house; delegates arrive at opera house; Kerensky arrives; Kornilov arrives; David Francis, American Ambassador; French, British and other Allied diplomats; Buchanan, British Ambassador, and his daughter arrive in cab; Miliukov, Guchkov, Tereshchenko, Shul'gin; Rodzianko, Karaulov, Kaledin (0-52)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2 September 1917 German attack on Riga--soldiers; views of the city; Germans shelling the city; Germans ride into Riga (52-68) Kornilov's march on Petrograd--tanks; armored cars; armed citizens; armored cars; street scenes in Petrograd; crowds in front of Ksheshinskaia Palace; Sverdlov entering Palace; crowds; orators (68-126)
Segment 3 September-November 1917 Posters being put up for elections to the Constituent Assembly (126-143) Bolshevik orator (143-145) rifles being distributed (145-148) Trotsky speaking (148-151) house in Petrograd where Lenin hid (151-156) armed workers; garrison troops who came over to the Bolsheviks with armored cars (156-170) soldiers leaving the front on foot, in trains (170-179) crowds on the street in front of a bank (179-189) Winter Palace Square--soldiers; civilians; log barricades erected by junkers (caption text) (189-239)
Segment 4 November 6, 7, 1917 October Revolution--soldiers armed with rifles; cannons (239-249) Kerensky (said to be last film of Kerensky prior to his flight) (249-253) Smolny Institute, fortified, guarded; armored car inscribed "Lieutenant Schmidt" (253-268) Kronstadt sailor guarding a door; armed sailors; Battleship Aurora; armed workers; sailors; Smolny; armed workers marching; storming of the Winter Palace (268-350) Winter Palace as it looked the day following the Bolshevik seizure of power (350-359)
Segment 1
November 1917
October Revolution (cont.)--photograph of Red Guards on trucks; RSFSR on red flag over Winter Palace (0-9) Post and Telegraph
Building; Ministry of Interior Building; Justice Ministry Building; Telegraph Exchange; destroyed officers' club (9-29) Morse
code transmitter (29-32) soldiers at the front fraternizing (32-55) Nikolai Krylenko; Dybenko, leader of Kronstadt sailors
(55-59) Lenin at Petrograd Soviet,
Segment 2 November 1917 October Revolution in Moscow--government forces with cannon from arsenal of Kremlin used to fight off Bolshevik insurgents; cannon firing from Kremlin; Kremlin following capture by Red Guards (101-120) peasant man, woman, horse plowing (120-123) Mikhail Kalinin, President of RSFSR, receiving written petitions from ordinary citizens (123-133)
Segment 3 Dec. 1917-March 1918 Brest-Litovsk Peace Conference--Kamenev, Ioffe, Karakhan, Radek, Bitsenko arriving on train; Radek; Bitsenko and Karakhan; Ukrainian delegation; Piatakov; Russian delegation on the way to conference hall; German delegation; photo of the two delegations facing each other across the conference table (133-175) Trotsky arrives at Brest-Litovsk (175-186)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 4 March 1918 Anti-war demonstrations in Germany; corpses of demonstrators (186-199) Hindenburg and Ludenforff (199-204) German offensive into Ukraine following Brest-Litovsk--German soldiers attacking; cavalry; infantry; shells exploding; soldiers on a boat; Lufendorff talking; Russian POWs; captured war materiel; bridges destroyed by the Bolsheviks; Germans pushing supply wagons in the mud; German soldiers in the snow; on parade in a village; soldiers eating; Germans marching into Kiev (204-293)
Segment 5 1918 Chaikovskii, SR, leader of anti-Bolshevik government at Archangel; British ships supplying Chaikovskii; Chaikovskii and David R. Francis, American Ambassador; American barracks and soldiers; soldiers erecting a building; American supply sleds; Americans and residents of Archangel bartering using sign language; outpost in the Far North--residents; American flag over Red Cross building; Russian children; American soldiers (293-376)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 1918 Bolshevik prisoners captured by British and Americans--shown in a group; sawing wood; their barracks; prisoners working around barracks (0-38) Japanese battleship Hizzon (which had been a Russian battleship before it was captured by the Japanese during the Russo-Japanese War) in Vladivostok Harbor; officers of the Hizzon; soldiers in winter clothes and fur hoods marching (38-60) President Wilson (60-64) American officers getting out of car, posing for camera (64-77) railroad yard, train arriving; officers examining the contents of a boxcar (77-87) Allied forces marching in a snowy city square (87-92) U.S. battleship South Dakota in Vladivostok Harbor (92-105) soldiers of the various interventionist powers coming down a flight of stairs; posing in a group for the camera (105-129) ships in the harbor; flags; British marines disembarking; forming ranks; marching on dock; marching down a street; British marine guarding British consulate (129-172)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2 1918 Headquarters of the Czech Legion--American officer, White officers, officers of various interventionist powers salute, go inside, come back outside, form into a group facing the camera (172-215) Czech Legion military and civic headquarters--leader (in sheepskin hat) greets civilian and military figures (215-259) man and woman (aware of camera) walk up to store window, strike up conversation in front of store window (Omsk?), then walk away together (woman identified by one historian as Kolchak's mistress) (259-294) Chinese soldiers at Khabarcvsk--first aid tent; camels; fording a river (294-307) Chekists with confiscated grain; ships at a dock; Chekists in cars in front of a house (caption: a house search) (307-345)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 1918 Funeral of assassinated Chekist (0-12) firewood being stacked outside to be used to heat government offices (12-21) May Day, 1918, Petrograd; huge canvas revolutionary-theme posters in Winter Palace Square (21-36) May Day parade in Petrograd (36-49) Lenin in Moscow; Krupskaia and Lenin's sister Mariia in car with Lenin (49-60)
Segment 2
Summer 1918
May Day(?) parade (60-71) mounted officer reviewing troops; Denikin (71-78) Trotsky speaks to soldiers (78-85) former tsarist
officers now in Red Army--Vatsetsis, first commander-in-chief; Brusilov; Trotsky with Kamenev, tsarist general who became
commander-in-chief after Vatsetis; Kamenev; Voroshilov, Kamenev, Borodin(?) (85-94) Red Army officers leave Trotsky's headquarters
in the Kremlin (94-98) Volodarsky, Commissar of Press and Propoganda, who was assassinated by an SR
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3
Oct.-Nov. 1918, 1919
Lenin standing by a car, walking, talking with Bonch-Bruevich in Kremlin (159-264) illus. of Lenin from book (264-267) Lenin
speaking at unveiling of statue of Marx and Engels in Moscow,
Segment 4 1918 Prominent Bolsheviks, in a group, including Bukharin, Krylenko, Sokol'nikov, Piatakov; leading Bolsheviks shown individually--Kamenev; Sosnovskii; Rakovskii; unidentified figures; Red Army officer; unidentified persons; Lunacharskii; two persons seated, civilian reading document to person in military uniform; Rumiantsev; unidentified; Krasin (last person shown) (297-358)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 1919 Comnunist uprising in Germany--crowds in the streets; military figures; Karl Liebknecht; military figures; corpse of Liebknecht (0-34) scenes from Proskurov in the Ukraine--corpses of victims of Petliura's forces; people mourning victims (34-55)
Segment 2 March 2,10, 1919 Photo of Lenin; First Congress of the Comintern, Kremlin--Lenin flanked by Eberlein, German delegate (left); Platten (right); Klinger, Eberlein, Lenin, Platten (55-73) Andreichin, Bulgarian delegate (73-76) delegates (76-81) Lenin speaks at funeral of Mark Elizarov, first People's Commissar of Railways, husband of Lenin's sister Anna; funeral procession; Lenin, his grief visible, in crowd (81-131)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3
German soldiers in the Baltic Region--mounted column travelling on a snowy road (131-133) Zinov'ev gives speech standing on
a truck (133-136) funeral of Sverdlov,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 4 May 1, 1919 Red Square--Lenin giving a speech; review of troops; parade (220-251) Lenin in car, during visit to Rublevskoi Water Power Station outside Moscow (251-257) Makhno(?) (257) officers in car (258-262) Vladivostok Harbor--on American Battleship South Dakota, William Sidney Graves, Commander of the American Expeditionary Force, receives Czech War Cross from General Cecek, Czech Legion Commander; Dr. Girsa, Czech diplomatic representative in Siberia, also present (262-278) Lenin and Krupskaia leaving a session of the First Congress on Extracurricular Education; Lenin stops to talk (278-303) Miliukov and Kerensky, in Paris seeking French assistance against the Bolsheviks; Clemenceau (303-319) Admiral Kolchak inspects a wood-burning gunboat on the Irtish River; reviews troops, including cossacks (319-352)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 1919 Kolchak accepting bread, salt, and live geese from local leaders; priest leading procession of residents of Omsk to church to pray for Kolchak's victory (0-22) Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemeneau, Wilson; diplomats at Peace Conference leaving and entering sessions; Lloyd George, Briand and others (22-43) train passing by a town in flames; sunflowers; field with haystacks burning (43-53)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2 1919 Vladivostok, celebration of 75th anniversary of YMCA--a gymnasium with flags of the various interventionist forces decorating the walls; Vladivostok children practice American-style physical training, military-style marching and drills; group of children with American woman; Red Cross representatives; girls practicing drills; children and American woman; gymnastics; games; dancing on stage; seesaws; dancing; drilling; Czech gymnasts; American soldiers boxing; Japanese combat in ring with wooden weapons (53-217) Kolchak's gunboat at Tobolsk; Kolchak with his troops at Tobolsk (217-233)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3 May 25, 1919 Lenin, with Red Army commanders, reviews new contingent of Red Army recruits on completion of their training; Lenin, in a group, enters Red Square; Lenin, Krupskaia, Mariia Ul'ianova, Szamuely (Hungarian Communist leader); Red Army recruits; Lenin talks to recruits; Lenins reviews troops, Budenny on his left; Lenin, on truck, shakes hands with man in crowd (233-312)
Segment 4 1919 German officers in the Baltic Region (312-314) White soldiers execute Bolshevik POWs--prisoners lie on the ground while their shoes are removed; three at a time stand with backs to an open grave; one prisoner continues to smile up to the time of his execution; firing squad executes them; they fall into grave (314-373)
Segment 1 1919 Map showing Civil War situation (0-12) queue of women with tea pots and sacks in Moscow (12-20) Trotsky with soldiers (20-26) Red Army soldiers between Kazan and the Urals; firing field artillery; picture of Marx above a tent entrance; Red Army soldier with bandage around his head playing a board game with another soldier; battlefield scenes; funeral procession in Yaroslavl' for Bolshevik soldiers killed by Whites (26-59) Zinov'ev and Pozern leave for the front (59-79) Lenin on balcony addressing troops leaving for the Denikin Front (79-111) cavalry; troops riding on top of a train (111-118) Red Army in combat on the Denikin Front; Budenny's cavalry; sunflowers; field with haystacks on fire (same sequence as on reel 25, segment 1) (118-136) ruins of a Siberian village following a punitive raid by Kolchak's troops; American officer with Czechoslovak and other Allied military figures inspecting corpses of victims (136-146)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 2
Defense-of Petrograd from IUdenich--Trotsky exhorts; civilians with rifles march by; military equipment in the streets; soldiers
at train station; sentry checks documents of the occupants of a car marked with a red cross; charge of Kronstadt sailors;
Kronstadt sailors eating soup in courtyard of Gachina Palace (146-182) photo of Lenin and Trotsky reviewing troops on Red
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3
Lenin in his Kremlin office, Feb. 20 (294-325) Trotsky addresses 9th Party Congress,
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1
Lenin speaking at another cornerstone laying,
Segment 2 July 19, 1920 Second Congress of the Comintern (met July 19 in Petrograd, July 23-August 7 in Moscow)--parades; foreign delegates greeted on arrival in Petrograd; delegates taken to Uritsky Palace (formerly Tauride Palace) where first sessions are held (65-117) Zinov'ev, President of the Comintern, enters the Palace; Zorin and Zinov'ev talk on the platform; Zinov'ev delivers the opening address; speeches by Kalinin; Levi (delegate from Germany); Balabanoff, Secretary of the Comintern; Rosmer (France); Serrati (Italy); Marchlewski (Poland); Gruber (Austria); Radek; Lenin, Radek, Balabanoff on platform; Lenin speaks; delegates applaud, rise to their feet (117-200)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3 July 19, 1920 Second Congress of the Comintern (cont.)--outside the palace, workers of Petrograd present Comintern delegates with seven banners (200-218) delegates, including Bukharin, Zinov'ev, Radek, John Reed, Louise Bryant, leaving hall after first session (218-227) parade, delegates participating (227-243) ceremony in honor of martyrs of the Revolution on Mars Field--John Reed at head of procession, then on left; wreath placed on grave of martyrs; Zinov'ev in the crowd, Reed on left; Lenin in the crowd, Zorin on left (243-283) Petrograd garrison parades in honor of delegates (283-301) mass meeting on Uritsky Square (Winter Palace Square); Balabanoff, Serrati, Zinov'ev on speakers' stand; Bombacci of Italy speaking (301-363)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 1 July 19-Aug. 7, 1920 Second Congress of the Comintern (cont.)--crowds on Uritsky Square; Lenin addresses the crowd; Zinov'ev; Serrati; Balabanoff; Zinov'ev addresses the crowd; crowd begins to disperse (0-42) ships on the Neva River decorated in honor of the Comintern Congress; tableaux presented on the steps of former stock exchange building: Communism vs. capitalism; fireworks in honor of the Congress (42-52) Moscow; Kremlin; delegates during session of Congress; Lenin on platform, next to Serrati; Lenin addresses delegates (52-76) Lenin and Krupskaia leaving the hall (76-84)
Segment 2 1920 American miners leaving by ship for Russia; boys wrestle on deck; women sew banner (84-122) Kuznetsk Basin, mining and metallurgical region--Bill Haywood, American IWW leader who jumped bail and fled to Russia, stands amidst miners (Haywood is the other American besides John Reed buried at the Kremlin wall) (122-166) Haywood seated at a desk in Moscow (166-174) Turkestan woman delegate, speaking on Red Square, thanks Soviet leaders for granting independence and self-determination to Turkestan (174-177) Agit-prop train (propaganda murals on sides) (177-180) Lenin at window of his Kremlin apartment; Lenin, holding cat, with Krupskaia (180-215) photo of Lenin in his Kremlin office (215-221) Trotsky in his Kremlin office (221-223)
Scope and Content Note
Segment 3 1920, 1921 Ludwig Martens, Soviet Ambassador to the United States (who was recalled when the U.S. declined to recognize the Soviet government) being seen off at NY pier by American Communists (film shot by Herman Axelbank) (223-233) Rykov delivers eulogy at John Reed's grave at the Kremlin Wall; the grave with headstone (233-244) drawing of Wrangel; Red infantry, cavalry attacks; map of Soviet Republic after White armies driven out (244-266) Frunze reviews troops (266-269) Voroshilov and Budenny on horseback with troops at victory celebration (269-273) victory parade at Odessa (273-278) victory parade of Red Army at Astrakhan (278-281) victory parade at Kiev (281-285) scenes of destroyed town, vehicles (285-297) Daghestan-funeral of nationalists (opposers of Daghestan's incorporation into the Soviet Union) (297-317) Stalin and Ordzhenikidze (317-325) Zinov'ev addresses outdoor meeting in Kronstadt (325-351)
Scope and Content Note
Reel # 8 (See Reel 8 description above)
Reel #40
1923 Religion lampooned
British political figure lampooned.
"Tomorrow Germany!" on white banner of truck.
Floats, revolutionary slogans.
November 7, 1923,Moscow celebration -- Sklianskii, secretary to Trotsky (murdered by the OGPU in the U.S.), Kamenev, Kalinin, on rostrum -- Red Garrison parades -- Frunze, General Yegorov, General Kamenev, General Muralov, Kamenev. Trotsky in Moscow.
1924 January 21, 1924,Lenin dies at Gorki -- Lenin's funeral (unmarred by later "Stalinized" censored versions that de-deleted all his victims) -- January 23,coffin borne to railroad station at Gorki, for trip to Moscow -- Rykov, Bukharin, and Molotov carrying Lenin's casket to railroad station -- Lashevitz, Unschlicht, Ordjonikidze -- coffin placed in railroad car -- from railroad, coffin carried to Hall of Trade Unions in Moscow -- inside Hall of Trade Unions, at coffin: Zinoviev and Stalin -- _______________ and Stalin -- Lenin in open casket -- Krupskaia -- Maria Ul'ianova, Lenin's sister, near Krupskaia -- Maria, Krupskaia, Kalinin, Tomsky -- Zetkin wipes tear -- Krupskaia -- Uglianov and Zinoviev -- diplomats and foreign dignitaries pay respects -- Bukharin, Zinoviev and Krupskaia -- January 27,casket borne to Red Square wood mausoleum -- Zinoviev, Kamenev an Stalin carry coffin -- cortege, Moscow street corner -- snow -- Voroshilov and Bukharin carry casket -- Molotov -- "Lenin Our Immortality" inscription -- mausoleum, atop -- masses of mourners, frozen breaths, 30 below zero -- Rykov, Kamenev, and Bukharin -- Yevdokimov speaks from script -- soldiers, flag -- Krupskaia -- frozen breath of masses -- Yevdokimov with paper in hand -- Rykov, profile -- marchers past mausoleum -- coffin "dissolves" into Lenin -- mausoleum chamber.
May 1, 1924, May Day celebration -- Yaroslavsky, Kalinin, on rostrum
Reel #118
Additional Note
1952 "Jews under Communism" (rare films of Jewish people in Russia, 1917-1973) -- films of Jewish people in Russia, under Stalin-Khrushchev-Brezhnev decimation of all Jewish cultural life, including murder victims: poet Peretz Markish, speaking Yiddish; director Mikhoels speaking in Russian; Eisenstein; physicist Kapitza; author David Bergelson and entire personnel of "Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee" -- artists, writers and cultural leaders murdered by Stalin on August 12, 1952-- including the Jewish doctors in Stalin's notorious "doctors' frame-up" saved by latter's death in 1953 -- including most recent persecution of Jewish would-be emigrants and secret Jewish cultural gathering in the woods.
1917 Jewish Workers' Party in Petrograd parade -- procession to Mars Field in funeral of martyrs of revolution.
Banner inscribed in Jewish.
1918 Kalinin takes tea with old Jew in village square, symbolic of comparison with Tsar's anti-semitism.
1923 Jewish family depicted in silent film "Kombrig Ivanov."
1925 Jewish colony in Crimea (Soviet government's several attempts at special Jewish communes).
"Finken" is the name of this colony, meaning "sparks" -- Lenin government encouraged "autonomous" Jewish settlements in Crimea, in line with "emancipation of national minorities and flowering of their cultures under Communism" -- later liquidated by Stalin, like Chechens, Tannu-Tuvans and Kalmyks.
1927 Caucasian Jewish colony -- Jewish open-air school -- Communist commissar points out to cameraman modern Communist curriculum in contrast with old religious rabbi seen teaching his Bible class -- this outdoor Hebrew religious class is probably the last of its kind filmed in Russia prior to Stalin's obliteration of all Jewish culture.
1928 Jewish collective farm in Bokhara celebrates fifth anniversary of its founding -- Moscow commissar greets them -- traditional Jewish dances (Stalin soon liquidated this collective).
Crimean Jewish colony -- Jewish settlers drilling for water -- relying on Soviet pledges, they toiled unceasingly to build up this settlement, only to be driven from it later by Stalin -- members scattered to other regions, with most of the pioneers liquidated or shipped to Siberian slave-camps where they died of exposure and starvation, according to one escapee, a Jewish writer now in the U.S.
Reel #119
1929 Jewish colony in Russia -- sign reads "Chahklahyer Schula for Peasant Youth" (Yiddish script) -- where Jewish cultural activities were permitted for a while, in Yiddish (Hebrew, language of the Bible, was forbidden) -- Jewish schoolchildren seen in various activities -- classes, exercises, etc.-- Communist theory propagated by "Yevsek" commissars (Jewish section of Communist party which functioned for a time prior to Stalin's anti-Jewish purges).
"Gift from Moscow" -- a radio for "education of workers of this collective."
Young "pioneer" indoctrinates his old-fashioned grandfather. Class in Marxism.
1934 Jewish state theatre in Moscow.
Performing Shakespeare's "King Lear" in Yiddish.
Solomon Mikhoels as "King Lear" and Ziskind as the jester -- Director Mikhoels was murdered by Stalin in Minsk in 1948 -- Ziskind was murdered by Stalin together with many other Jewish intellectuals in August, 1952.
1941 Jewish anti-Fascist committee, Moscow, in session (soundtrack) --Sergei Eisenstein, film director (second from left) -- Peter Kapitze, physicist -- David Ziskind, leading actor, Jewish state theatre -- Zak, famous pianist (on right).
Mikhoels speaks in Russian (soundtrack).
Peter Markish (Jewish poet) speaks in Yiddish.
Reel #120
Hitler's Germany.
Book burning -- anti-Jewish slogans smeared on store windows- hooliganism -- handful of Jews flee Germany -- most are trapped in German hell -- Jewish youth, Greenspan, kills Hitler ambassador Vom Rath, is tortured to death in German captivity -- massacre of Jews in Germany begins -- synagogues set on fire with worshippers locked inside -- Jewish shops smeared with "Jude."
1939 Destruction of Warsaw -- terror.
Hitler inspects his slaughter in Poland.
Jewish hostages in Warsaw (German cameramen).
Anti-Jewish placards.
1941 Warsaw ghetto (German cameramen).
Reel #121
1941 Entire Jewish population of Warsaw herded into small area, sealed off by a brick wall, where they perish from malnutrition and disease.
Monstrosities filmed by German cameramen.
Mass starvation of entire population.
Children who scaled the wall and tried to re-enter with scraps of food, are searched by Germans and made to give up scraps, then murdered.
Daily burials.
1943 Warsaw ghetto uprising.
Ghetto fighters with handful of smuggled small arms, hold off might of German armor for almost three months, starting April, 1943, until entire area is devastated by German artillery, and remnants of fighters murdered.
Victims driven to death camps.
Murder camps.
Reel #122
1943 Gas chambers.
Mass murder of millions of men, women and children.
Eichmann -- Hitler -- Himmler.
"Elite" German battalions.
"SS" killers.
Hitler and Himmler, reviewing "elite" killer-brigades in Berlin.
Destruction of Warsaw ghetto.
Execution of remnants of ghetto fighters.
Reel #123
1943 Jewish soldiers and officers in Red Army receive decorations in Kremlin -- they are among bravest of fighters against the Germans, proportionally getting highest battle citations.
"Jewish doctors' plot" -- doctors framed by Stalin henchmen into false confessions -- Stalin's death saved them.
Jewish communities uprooted from towns and villages where they had lived for a thousand years, and forcibly removed to far regions.
Reel #90
Additional Note
1944 (23 July) Lublin captured -- horror of German murder camp Maidanek -- German murder barracks where Germans slaughtered 1,500,000 men, women, and children and shipped their clothes, hair, and gold fillings to Berlin -- deathtraps, ovens, hair, teeth, watches, rings.
Reel #93
1945 Inhabitants return, carts -- road sign: "Gleiwitz" pointer -- white flags in windows -- Auschwitz murder barracks -- pitiful remnant of camp inmates saved by Germans' flight -- railroad yard abandoned by Germans -- torture victims - frozen naked bodies in freight cars - Germans had no time to cover traces -- naked corpses of mother and baby in freight car - clothing of victims strewn about in snow at railroad siding -- -- frozen corpses on snowy ground alongside freight cars -- frozen baby in freight car -- tattooed arms of victims miraculously saved by Russian advance -- German woman in Gleiwitz, well fed and warmly clothed -- road sign: "Berlin 200 km" -- Russians drive on to Berlin.
1941 (22 June) German sneak attack -- Russian airfields destroyed -- murder and plunder -- Russian resistance -- Brest fortress defended almost a month against a German division.
Reel #97
1944 Endless lines of German prisoners -- 57,000 Germans marched through streets of Moscow (summer 1944)-- Minsk recaptured -- Brest -- Byalistok -- Germans destroy, burn all prior retreat -- dynamiting by Germans in retreat -- Lublin captured -- Marshal Grechko -- Marshal Malinovsky -- Odessa and Kishenev liberated -- prisoners, hands raised -- Petsamo, in the north, captured -- Red Army enters Norway -- Kirkenes taken, Russians liberate hundreds of Norwegian freedom fighters -- Vistula defenses smashed -- battlements of German "Vistula Line."
1945 Warsaw captured, 17 January-- road sign: "Berlin 120" -- "Berlin 80" -- Germany entered by Red Army -- Distance covered, from Moscow -- tortuous, slow advance westward, in retrospect -- Zhukov in dugout at front -- Berlin - main blow by troops of 1st Byelorussian front -- air offensive -- battle for Berlin -- Russian big guns, German defenses -- tank battle -- Berlin entered by Russian advance patrols -- under siege inside Berlin prior to capitulation -- queues for food -- General Vaigling interrogated by Russians -- fighting inside Berlin -- Uniformed Russian woman handling out bread loaves to Germans -- Red soldier aiding old German -- Hitler's chancery, where he committed suicide, captured -- Goebbels's charred remains -- 2 May:Reichstag attacked and captured -- Berlin capitulates -- Russian inscriptions on columns -- concentration-camp inmates freed, cheer liberators -- Warsaw, Bucharest, Sofia, Budapest Belgrade, and Prague - cheering crowds hail Russian troops.
Reel #99
1945 Feb.: Yalta conference, three-power conference at Yalta -- Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt -- 27 Apr.: Russians meet with Americans on Elbe -- June: Beirut (Poland) with Stalin in Kremlin -- "Lublin Committee" rules Poland -- Potsdam conference: Stalin, Truman, Churchill; Molotov, Vishinsky, Byrnes, Bohlen -- 8 Aug.: Russo-Japanese war -- Russians attack Japanese in Manchuria, land, sea, and air battles, Japanese surrender -- 25 Aug.: Russians enter Korea -- northern Korea occupied by Red Army -- communists stage wild greeting of Red troops -- Chinese-Soviet friendship treaty, in Kremlin -- Stalin-Chiang Kai-shek pact, while former backs Mao for communist takeover.
Reel #29
1921 Beseiged Kronstadt sailors demanding a more democratic rule and a constituent assembly are battered down by Red Army under Marshall Tukhachevsky -- Commander Dybenko (of Baltic Fleet) speaks -- victorious Bolsheviks leaving bat tered battleship "Sevastopol' " after massacre of mutineers -- Lenin and Trotsky among Red soldiers who put down Kronstadt Mutiny -- behind Lenin is Voroshilov -- at 10th Party Congress (under Stalin, this photo was "doctored", "Stalinized" -- photo above, as it now appears in Soviet history books (76) -- Lenin on April 25, 1921 -- May 1,May Day celebration on Uritskii Square, Petrograd -- Zinoviev, President of Petrograd Soviet, and aides review the parade -- Moscow, May Day celebration on Red Square -- Trotsky addresses graduates of military academy -- Trotsky reviews Red Army -- Red cavalry -- Lenin at 10th All-Russian Conference in Moscow.
Reel #30
1921 Trotsky in his office in the Kremlin -- Famine in the Volga Region -- destruction of industrial plants and bridges following civil war -- continued peasant uprisings -- homeless starving children -- small amounts of grain shipped by Soviet government to famine-stricken areas -- grain sacks checked -- refugees in stricken areas flee in search for food -- foraging for food along the Volga -- soup made of weed concoctions -- homeless at railroad stations -- deserted villages -- official Soviet communications -- Leslie's Weekly (1891)-- refugees along the river - dead mother and baby American aid -- American Relief Administration -- American food arrives in Petrograd harbor for transport -- Colonel Haskell -- children saved -- hot water for tea -- field kitchens -- innoculations against typhus -- church treasures taken by commissars for famine relief -- Archbishop Antonin gets credentials of commissar -- Church of the Redemption, Moscow -- Chicago, USA -- "Friends of Soviet Russia" shipments of foods and medication to famine stricken Russians.
Reel #32
1922 Band plays the "Intenationale" -- mass singing -- Trotsky administers "Oath of Red Soldier" to new recruits -- German junkers plane demonstrated for Red Army in Moscow -- Russo-German cooperation for joint arming -- German "aeromobile" demonstrated to Russians (from Moscow to Sevastopol) -- June 8 to August 7,Social Revolutionary trial in Moscow -- first "show trial" of anti-communists -- Abram Gotz, Dimitri Donskoi, Michael Hendlman, Evgeniia Ratner, Gershenstein, Artemyev, Leekach, Elena Ivanova, and Vladimir Agapov -- parade and mass meeting on Red Square in condemnation of defendants -- Krylenko, the prosecutor -- Rosenfeld and Anderson Nexo, foreign counsel for defendants -- Piatakov addresses hugh mass meeting on Red Square -- Bukharin speaks condemning the defendants -- refreshments -- passes required to enter courthouse -- prison van -- prisoners emerge and are led to courtroom -- infuriated public sits in at trial.
Reel #33
1922 Stenographers -- judges -- Pokrovsky, the historian -- Konopleva, defendant, testifies -- Dverzhets, Jacob, defendants, testifies -- prisoners dock -- trial concludes -- Kashira, hydro-electic power station at Kashira, near Moscow, completed (during Lenin's illness at Gorki) -- Rykov speaks -- Yenukidza with Rykov, advancing toward camera -- Ostrovsky-Mahlee Theatre, Moscow -- Moscow Art Theatre -- celebration of Theatre Stanislavsky anniversary -- Kachalov -- Mirovich-Danchenko -- Nikolai Ostrovsky (blind) -- statue of Alexander III in Petrograd with new inscription: "ignominous" -- CHEKA training grounds in Kremlin -- execution squads -- firing squads -- Russo-Finnish Punitiv Expedition, led by General Sidiakin, for alleged night attack on Red Army outpost by Finnish irregulars -- Finland border attack by Red Army -- Red Army brigade mounts attack on Finnish border outposts -- Sidiakin hailed in Petrograd victory celebration.
Reel #34
1922 Lenin seated with Stalin at Gorki -- Red International of Trade Unions -- Red Trade Union International Congress in Moscow -- Lozovsky, President of Red Trade Union International, addresses delegates -- Hillman, Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America aids Russia: takes over 40 Russian clothing factories, introduces American labor-saving methods -- Sidney Hillman, President of A.C.W.O.A., supervises reorganized plants -- Yakivenko, Commissar of Agriculture, makes the rounds of local farmers, discusses their problems and government deliveries of their grain -- Agriculture Commissar with farmers during NEP era -- American tractors sent by "Friends of Soviet Russia" are carefully studied -- August 22,Lenin at Gorki -- Zinoviev speaks at outdoor mass meeting in Petrograd -- Thomas, Albert, French socialist, addresses mass meeting -- Yevdokimov, Chairman C.E.C. of Petrograd Soviet -- Lenin in his study at Gorki -- International Youth Congress in Moscow -- Willi Muenzenberg (Lenin's protoge from the International Youth Federation; later murdered by Stalin), President of Youth International addresses congress -- Lunacharsky, Commissar of Education, speaks -- Lozovsky speaks -- Zinoviev addresses delegates -- September 1922,Lenin with Krupskaia, niece and nephew, at Gorki -- International Womens Congress in Moscow -- Klara Zetkin speaks -- Lenin, Krupskaia, Lenin's sister Elizarova at Gorki -- Congress of People of the Far East -- participation of young Ho-Chi-Min -- women from China, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Persia, India, and Turkestan, represented at this congress convened by the Comintern -- (Lenin at Gorki (last photo ever taken) -- Lenin on stroll in garden at Gorki -- Lenin seated with Krupskaia on garden bench -- Lenin holding cat -- Lenin walking with nephew, Victor, in garden -- Lenin seated with dog -- Lenin reclining in garden chair, Krupskaia seated on bench -- Lenin in overcoat, seated on garden bench) -- Lenin at session of Party Central Committee in Kremlin, October 5, 1922-- Lenin at his desk in Kremlin, October 7, 1922-- Lenin in Moscow, October 7, 1922-- 5th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution celebrated on Uritskii Square, November 7, 1922-- Zinoviev head celebration -- Salutskii, a C.E.C. member of the Petrograd Soviet -- Moscow celebrates 5th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution on Red Square -- Trotsky arrives, followed by foreign delegates to the 4th Congress of the Comintern (to convene on November 14) -- Trotsky's opening address -- Red Army generals (later murdered by Stalin) -- parade of Moscow garrison -- foreign visitors on reviewing stand -- foreign delegates to the Comintern: Max Eastman, Louis Fraina, Rose Pastor Stokes, Charles Ruthenberg, Max Bedacht -- naval personnel -- Trotsky salutes the Red Army, Voroshilov behim him -- General Muralov (murdered by Stalin 1936-37) in rear -- Lunacharsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, on rostrum -- Kamenev and Zinoviev -- Stalin -- Klara Zetkin seated on rostrum -- Stalin turns to camera -- Klara Zetkin -- Radek and his little daughter -- November 14,4th Congress of Comintern in Petrograd -- train arrives with foreign delegates -- Willi Muenzenburg at left -- delegates leave station in Petrograd -- Max Eastman among arrivals, hat in hand.
Reel #35
1922 Yevdokimov, member of Petrograd Soviet (later murdered by Stalin), greets delegates -- Fritz Heckert, German communist, speaks to welcoming crowds -- Zinoviev speaks -- Felix Kohn, delegate from Poland, speaks -- Lunacharsky greets delegates -- Congress opens at Marinsky Theatre (note Trotsky portrait at upper left proscenium) -- Klara Zetkin -- Zinoviev -- delegates rise, sing "Internationale" -- Petrograd garrison parades in honor of delegates to Comintern (note rickety military vehicles) -- Mars Field, wreath place on grave of martyrs of the revolution -- Congress moves to Moscow for last sessions -- railroad stations display portraits of Lenin, Marx, and Trotsky -- trolleys in Moscow take delegates to Congress Hall (the Tsar's throne room) -- trolleys decorated with bunting and portraits of Lenin and Trotsky -- throne room of the tsars -- Zetkin, Zinoviev, on dais and on extreme right American delegate -- Earl Browder -- group of delegates -- Roy, from India, speaks -- Sen Katayama, of Japan, speaks -- Billings, American negro delegate, speaks -- Azario, from Italy, speaks -- Katayama speaks -- _____, from Bulgaria, speaks -- Trotsky addresses congress -- C.E.C. of Comintern -- Zinoviev and Klara Zetkin -- Australian communist delegates (Crawford and __________) -- Claude McKay, American negro delegate with Egyptian delegate -- Salutskii and Yevdokimov -- Lunacharsky -- Max Eastman and Claude McKay -- Zinoviev speaks -- Lenin attends the Comintern for the last time -- Lenin taking notes prior to speaking -- Lenin addresses the 4th Congress of the Comintern -- Trotsky taking notes prior to speaking -- Trotsky addresses the Congress --
1923 April 17, 1923,12th Party Congress -- Trotsky at 12th Party Congress -- Rykov, seen ascending platform -- Bukharin speaks -- Trotsky, Muralov, at rear.
Reel #36
1923 May Day in European capitals, May 1st, 1923:London, Zurich, Stockholm, Paris, Berlin, Oslo, Prague -- May 1, 1923,Moscow May Day celebration -- Trotsky, Muralov -- International Workers Aid (Comintern organization) headquarters in Moscow, during Soviet Russia's first agricultural exposition -- Trotsky's portrait on the wall -- tea served free to all -- Rykov speaks -- agricultural exposition in Moscow -- Komsomol (Young Communist League) youth at the exposition -- Chicherin speaks in open-air stadium at the fair -- Krassin, Commissar of Trade, speaks -- "Internationale" sung by 40,000 voices -- organizers of this first Russian fair in 1923 -- free lunches.
Reel #41
1924, 1927, 1928, 1929 Lozovsky, President of Red Trade Union International speaks -- portraits of "Lenin-child" carried by children everywhere -- Comintern delegates on rostrum -- Rykov, Acting Premier, among foreign delegates on rostrum -- Zetkin, seated, among delegates on rostrum -- Ho-Chi-Min on rostrum -- Felix Kohn, delegate from Poland, waves -- Bulgaria: Sofia Cathedral dynamited by communists -- untold number of suspects including liberals, socialists, executed by Bulgarian government -- Communist Party banned in Bulgaria -- Moscow: "Religion is Opium of the People" on facade of Moscow City Hall -- Sacco-Vanzetti: cause celebre of Comintern, moving American communists to wage nationwide campaign to save their lives -- Stalin, Kaganovich, Molotov, prior to Trotsky's banishment to Alma Ata -- Kerensky in Paris -- Trotsky in exile on Prinkipo Island, Turkey, under guard by Turkish secret agents -- Natalia Sedov, Trotsky's wife, and son, Leon Sedov, at Prinkipo.
Reel #42
Trotsky visit ruins of Pompei, under Italian police guard
1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1960, 1929 November 20, 1932,Trotsky on way to Copenhagen, Denmark -- Trotsky speaks in Copenhagen, November 26, 1932,(soundtrack) to 2,000 audience (labor group) -- Trotsky in France, 1933,under tight security against Stalin agents -- Trotsky in Norway -- Trotsky interned by Norwegian government in 1936 when he denounced Stalin's frame-up trials in 1936 -- Trotsky arrives in Tampico, Mexico, 1937,given asylum by Mexican President Cardenas and invited to live with painter Diego Rivera -- Trotsky speaks in English (soundtrack), denouncing Stalin's falsifications and frame-up trials -- friends of Trotsky guard him at his home in Acapulco in 1939, following an assassination attempt by Mexican Stalinists -- Sylvia Ageloff, who introduced her friend (assassin) to Trotsky in 1940 -- assassin who murdered Trotsky with pickaxe on August 20, 1940 -- reserve weapons found on assassin -- murder weapon -- victim's broken glasses -- nurse attending dying Trotsky -- Trotsky dies in Mexico -- assassin, following capture -- Trotsky's grave in Mexico -- assassin, released after 20 years incarceration, admitted to Cuba and apparently taken off to the U.S.S.R. under guard, 1960.Stalin's 50th birthday in his apartment in the Kremlin -- Kirov, Kaganovich, Kuibyshev, Molotov, Ordjonikidze, Kalinin, Voroshilov.
Reel #47
1936 Kalmyks, Autonomous Region of Kalmyk Republic on the Caspian Sea, when it was a flourishing community with collectives and large fishing industry -- Elista, Kalmyk capitol, end of December 1943-- Stalin ordered deportation of entire Kalmyk population to Siberian slave camps -- Kalmyk Autonomous Republic prior to its liquidation.
Stalin "child lover", one of periodic filming of Stalin's human side -- Stalin lifts child affectionately -- Stalin entertained by Georgian state troupe -- sword dance -- Caucasian sword dancing -- Stalin portraits everywhere -- song and dance festival in Stalin's native Georgia -- Stalin arrives with Voroshilov -- Molotov, Stalin and Kalinin in front row -- mass dancing.
Voting for Stalin -- Stalin votes for himself -- Molotov, Kalinin, and Mikoyan vote for Stalin.
Election celebration on Red Square -- sea of Stalin portraits.
August 1936,purge trials -- Stalin's framed trials of his oppositionists -- false confessions by victims -- Kamenev prior to his execution -- Vishinskii at purge trials in Moscow -- witnesses and victims testimony -- Vishinskii's assistants -- Piatakov shielding his eyes -- firing squad in the Kremlin.
1937 Tchkalov and Gramov flight -- polar flight -- to San Francisco -- San Francisco's reception to Soviet polar flyers -- spectacular feats to muffle sounds of firing squads -- Troyanovsky greets flyers in San Francisco.
Reel #62
1940 Timoshenko's plane arrives in Kishinev -- Khrushchev greets him -- Timoshenko's hometown folks kiss him and Khrushchev. While Germans overrun Europe, Stalin celebrates 23rd anniversary of Bolshevik Revolution -- November 7, 1940,Red Air Force and armor, poised for Red Square show -- Moscow Garrison at attention, awaiting the appearance of Stalin -- Stalin emerges from Kremlin, greets Kaganovich, Molotov, Kalinin, Voroshilov, and Andreiev -- they walk to the mausoleum -- Stalin and Shvernik -- Timoshenko opens ceremonies -- Stalin and Voroshilov -- Timoshenko -- Shaposhnikov and Budionny -- Andreiev, Beria, Molotov, Mikoyan, Voroshilov, Beria and Shvernik -- Shvernik and Stalin -- Bulganin, Malenkov, Beria, Mikoyan, Voroshilov, Kaganovich. Molotov in Berlin -- Mannerheim with Hitler.
1941 April 1941, on eve of Hitler's onslaught, First Degree Stalin Prize awarded to Olga Lepeshinskaia, premiere danseuse of the Bolshoi Ballet -- Lepeshinskaia dances (soundtrack).
May 1, 1941, Stalin celebrates May Day on Red Square -- heavy armor poised for big parade -- German military attaches last look at Soviet tanks and planes -- Stalin struts to podium, flanked by Molotov and Voroshilov, followed by entourage.
Film #152 (open)
Scope and Content Note
Tsar to Lenin: Max Eastman Version 1937
Scope and Content Note


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It is the hottest ticket in the country. On Tuesday morning, only a lucky few will be inside the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the historic arguments over whether California's gay marriage ban is constitutional.
Among the 400 courtroom spectators will be a guy who arguably deserves more than any other elected official to be in the room: California Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom.
Newsom has earned his place in the history of the fight for gay civil rights. In 2004, as mayor of San Francisco, he abruptly legalized gay marriage in his city, shocking supporters and opponents alike.
FULL COVERAGE: Same-sex marriage ban
A week ago, he said, when he looked into attending the proceeding, he was told there was no seat available. Then, he said, "Out of the blue, Nancy called. It was like divine intervention."

subset: commoncrawl


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Right now, they wouldn't learn anything, because they would be dead. If NASA is dicking around with anything, it would be the ISS. Haul that low orbit pile of resources into a much more stable orbit, and then use it for parts/construction platform for a station with centrifugal gravity and as close to a closed ecosystem as we can manage. [esa.int] Until we improve those technologies, to the level of near permanent space habitats, then multi-year space exploration will be the sole domain of robots.
...a station with centrifugal gravity...
Sorry to be pedantic, but Centifugal Force [xkcd.com]
The biggest item that will come from the polar express will simply be the landing under power.
They landed the Vikings that way over 30 years ago, it's hardly new.
NASA Administrator Michael Griffin quickly corrected that and promised continued full funding for both rovers as long as they continue to operate.
That's good to know (I hadn't heard that anywhere), though Spirit is essentially out of commission for a few more months due to winter weather, unless it gets its solar panels cleaned off by wind. Right now it's having a hard enough time just keeping warm. [nasa.gov]
I agree. The story also wasn't listed in the RSS feeds.Come on, Editors. This is big Geek news. Surely this deserves an expanded box on the main page and not just a single freaking line.
... though his invention worked superbly -- his theory was a crock of sewage from beginning to end. -- Vernor Vinge, "The Peace War"


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How did you hear about Think Atheist?Googled "atheist girls in egypt"
jajajajajajaja good! lol
Thanks for the friend request ,Karim :)
Habibi ;) looks like this is gonna be my new favorite website!
I know a Kareem Salama do you happen to go to Narmer?
Thanks bro :D
thanks mate, appreciated
Nice to see you here dude
Welcome Karim - I am so impressed by how young a lot of the Atheists are on this site - to be so intelligent and so articulate, with English as a second language - just brilliant.


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Please note: You are viewing an archived Bucknell University news story. It is possible that information found on this page has become outdated or inaccurate, and links and images contained within are not guaranteed to function correctly.
LEWISBURG, Pa. — Amber Gray will give the multimedia presentation, "Dancing in Our Blood: Creative Resistance and Recovery Work in Haiti," on Thursday, April 14, at 4:30 p.m. in Hunt Hall Living Room at Bucknell University.
The presentation, which is free and open to the public, is a part of a semester-long series, "Resist, Reclaim, Recreate: Stories of Survival and Transformation in Haiti."
A 1983 Bucknell graduate, Gray is the founder and director of Trauma Resources International. She established Haiti's first program for victims of organized violence and torture in 2004, and has worked with survivors of human rights abuses and trauma in Haiti for more than 13 years.
Gray is using dance/movement therapy to help trauma survivors express difficult emotions for which they have no words. After the January 2010 earthquake that killed more than 200,000 people in Haiti, Gray said she had never, "even in times of extreme violence, insecurity, flooding, received so many requests for counseling, trauma therapy, psychological help."
She is working on a community-based public/mental health project to provide education and training to mental health workers and community and spiritual leaders in Haiti. She works with local street children, communities and nonprofit organizations to find creative paths to healing, including dance, drumming, rituals and song. With such emotional and physical destruction in Haiti, Gray believes it is paramount to process these experiences non-verbally in addition to verbally.
The presentation, which is the kick-off event for the annual Black Arts Festival sponsored by the Black Student Union at Bucknell, will include an auction of original artwork by Bucknell students and staff to benefit Gray's program in Haiti. Drumming and a demonstration of sacred Haitian dance will be included in the multimedia presentation.
Gray has worked internationally and at the crossroads of the fields of public health, torture treatment, refugee mental health, somatic psychology, "alternative" healing and human services for almost 25 years. She is an award-winning dance movement therapist, a licensed mental health professional, a Continuum Movement teacher, and a Sevito in the Fran Ginee tradition of Vaudu (Voodoo).
Co-sponsors of Gray's visit to campus include the Bucknell University Office of Civic Engagement, the Black Student Union, International Student Services, Multicultural Student Services, the Griot Institute, the Center for the Study of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender, the President's Office, and Alumni Relations. For more details call 577-3973.
Contact: Division of Communications
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Four years ago, Juan Martin del Potro would go on to create history after becoming the first Argentine tennis player to win at the US Open since 1977.
However, after that he would fall back down the rankings again due to a wrist injury he picked up at the start of the 2010 season which forced him out of action for eight months. Consequently, his ranking fell to 258, however recently he has come back into the spotlight, making headlines in various places around the world.
Del Potro started off the year with a win in his second tournament in Rotterdam where he beat the Frenchman Julien Benneteau 7-6, 6-3. His next triumph would come in Indian Wells where he would beat two top three players in Novak Djokovic and Andfy Murray. This proves that he has what it takes to compete with people at the top of the sport.
He would soon rise to the spotlight again when he progressed to the semi-finals of Wimbledon, eventually losing to Djokovic in an epic five-setter which would last an incredible 4 hours and 43 minutes - the final score ending up as 5-7, 6-4, 6-7(2), 7-6(6), 3-6.
This showed that the 25 year-old can perform on a big stage on centre court at Wimbledon. The next month he would be out again in Washington where he kept up his positive momentum, winning the tournament and only losing one set in the final to the big serving John Isner.
Del Potro's huge efforts in both Wimbledon and Washington showed when he flopped out of the Canadian Masters 1000 event in the second round to the big-hitting Milos Raonic 7-5 6-4.
However, the Argentine came back stronger next week in the Cincinnati Masters, getting to the semi-finals only to be upset by the superb form of Isner who took his revenge for his loss to in the final in Washington.
However, going into his most important tournament of the year in New York his form seemed to disappear, losing to the former world number one Lleyton Hewitt in another tantalising five-set match which pushed them both to their limits. Perhaps this shows that the Tandil native needs to work on his form going into big tournaments such as Flushing Meadows.
Del Potro's most recent title came in Tokyo, where he showed why he deserved to win the US Open with some incredible shot-making and rallies which saw him come out on top.
Arguably his most impressive match of this year was a couple of weeks ago in Shanghai, where he took on the new world number one Rafael Nadal and beat him in straight sets 6-2 6-4.
At the moment, he is competing for a place in this years ATP World Tour Finals in London and it's looking good or him as he's currently ranked fifth which should secure him a place amongst the elite for the final tournament of the year.
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Drawing on expertise and resources from nine university departments, this program provides unique interdisciplinary training to prepare you to tackle the most cutting-edge problems in genetics, genomics, population biology, mathematical modeling, statistics and computer science.
Depending on your interests, you may focus your studies and research on biological sciences or computer sciences/mathematical science. Regardless of your specialization, the program provides a strong intellectual foundation in both areas. For example, biologists will learn the computational tools needed to conduct bioinformatic research, and mathematicians and computer scientists will gain a background in general biology and genetics.
The program features exciting research opportunities across disciplines, including collaborative projects in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST).


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CHAPEL HILL – The Orange Department of Social Services needs your help for its annual Toy Chest drive running December 14-16.
The program provides an opportunity for low-income parents to select two to three gifts per child with the hope that every child in Orange County has a present to open during the holidays.
Sharron Hinton, DSS Human Services Manager, says that for three days, the DSS office will turn into Santa's Workshop for the children to enjoy.
"All toys that are donated here stay here in Orange County for our children," Hinton says. "The Toy Chest has just grown in volumes over the years. Last year we served more than 3,300 children with about 10,000 toys that we collected through the Toy Chest."
Hinton says there are more than 7,000 children in Orange County living in low-income households.
The Toy Chest serves children age 18 and under but focuses on children under age 12.
Hinton says parents can be referred from Social Services, churches, and other agencies that serve low-income families.
Collection boxes will be placed at various locations throughout Orange County, and the public can drop off donations until Friday, December 13.
"Through our donations from Toys for Tots, we have about 50-75 collection boxes throughout the community. Individuals are encouraged to drop off a toy at any of those collection sites or at our offices here in Hillsborough or the one in Chapel Hill," Hinton says. "In addition to the toys, we also collect donations for folks who don't like to shop or don't know what to purchase. We will accept those donations , and then we will do the shopping for you."
The DSS office is located next to the Dollar Tree in the Hillsborough Commons shopping center.


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September 13, 2002 - ASM Comments on CDC Revision to List of Select Agents and Toxins
The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) is submitting the following comments on the revisions to the list of select agents and toxins that are under consideration, which were published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the August 23, 2002 Federal Register. The Federal Register notice of intent to issue regulations states that the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) directed the CDC to convene an interagency work group to review the current list of biological agents and toxins and revise the list as necessary. In June, 2002, CDC convened an interagency working group to review the current list of select agents and toxins and develop recommendations regarding possible changes to the list. According to the notice, CDC has reviewed those recommendations and the August 23 notice of intent seeks to solicit comments from the public on potential changes to the current list of select agents and toxins. The ASM wishes to remind the CDC that the Public Health Safety and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, PL 107-188, mandates in Section 351A (B) (ii) that the DHHS consult with "scientific experts representing appropriate professional groups" in determining whether to include an agent or toxin on the list of biological agents and toxins that have the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety. The ASM recommends that in the future the DHHS/CDC follow the consultation process mandated in the law for revising the select agent and toxin list to ensure that the list is based on the best scientific advice.
Appropriate changes to the current list of select agents and toxins
A number of the changes to the current list of select agents and toxins in the August 23 proposed notice represent appropriate updates based upon new taxonomic classification and nomenclature. For example, the name change of Equine morbillivirus to Nipah and Hendra complex viruses and the proposed change for the Tick-borne encephalitis complex (flavi) viruses are scientifically appropriate. Similarly, there is no longer a need to reference the Burkholderia species as Pseudomonas as Burkholderia is the accepted scientific name. Rickettsia are bacteria and thus removing the header is scientifically valid.
Section 351A (B) of Title II of PL 107-188 establishes criteria for determining whether to include an agent or toxin on the select agent and toxin list, including consideration of the effect on human health of exposure to the agent or toxin, the degree of contagiousness of the agent or toxin and the methods by which the agent or toxin is transferred to humans, the availability and effectiveness of pharmacotherapies and immunizations to treat and prevent any illness resulting from infection by the agent or toxin and any other criteria , including the needs of children and other vulnerable populations that the Secretary of DHHS considers appropriate. The proposed deletion of Yellow fever virus and Aflatoxins seems appropriate. The addition of Herpes B virus and of Monkeypox virus seems appropriate. Consideration should be given to adding Camelpox to the list given that recent publications on camelpox have raised concerns about its potential use as a biological weapon.
We recommend making the following change in the listing of Variola major (smallpox) to read Variola major and variola minor associated viruses including alastrim.
The elimination of the LD50 criteria and their replacement with specific amounts is a critical change that eliminates ambiguities. This change is strongly supported
Areas of concern in the select agent and toxin list under consideration
The retention of Coccidioides immitis and the addition of C. posadasii should receive further consideration based on the criteria for including an agent or toxin on the list and their demonstrated potential for causing widespread harm to public health. The rationale for the original inclusion of Coccidioides was never clear to the microbiological community. These fungi do not present a significant risk for use as a biological weapon. C. immits is a common source of infections in the southwestern United States. Both C. immitis and C. posadsii should be considered for removal from the list of select agents.
The acceptability of the list depends on defining appropriate exemptions but exemptions are not generally given in the August 23 Federal Register notice. There is also no clear process or mechanism for exempting agents from the list. CDC states that exemptions will be addressed in the interim final rule. Thus, it is difficult to evaluate the appropriateness of the revised list of select agents and toxins given that most exemptions are not provided. The absence of clarity on this issue is important since it is related to the scope of the regulations and the levels of biosecurity that will be required.
The exemption for medical uses is ambiguous and does not relate to the guidance document currently being used by the contractor for the select agent notification process. The current notification form requires notification for investigational products. CDC indicates that exemptions will be considered later. The proposed select agent and toxin list states, "The medical uses of toxins for patient treatment are exempt." PL 107-188 directs DHHS to exempt products that are, bear, or contain a select agent and are licensed or approved under several specified federal laws, unless the Secretary determines that additional regulation is necessary for a specific product to ensure protection of the public health and safety. The House report accompanying the bill states that Congress intends that the DHHS will exempt by regulation categories of products and will act to regulate a specific product, or a particular application of a specific product, only when existing regulation under federal laws is inadequate. PL107-188 grants the DHHS discretionary authority to exempt, on a case by case basis, investigational products when they are used in investigational or clinical trials authorized under federal laws and recognizes the time sensitivity of such trials by mandating a prompt determination by DHHS of an exemption request. It is important that CDC address and clarify the exemptions for products, off label uses of products, and investigational products used in clinical trials.
While changing Botulinum toxins to Botulinum neurotoxins seems like a reasonable technical change, the change of Clostridium botulinum to Botulinum neurotoxin producing strains of Clostridium seems to be a backwards way of exempting those strains of Clostridium botulinum that do not produce neurotoxins. If this is the purpose then C. boulinum should be retained and an exemption should be included for those strains that do not produce neurotoxin.
Changing Shigatoxin to shiga like toxins raises the issue of ambiguity which should be avoided in regulations. This could mean that analagous proteins that are not toxic but that resemble shigatoxin inadvertently become regulated. An exemption will be needed to clarify that analagous proteins that are not toxic are not select agents.
Genetic elements section presents significant areas of concern
It would be better to replace "full length nucleic acids of any of the select agent viruses" with "nucleotide sequences encoding the complete genome for any of the viruses designated as select agents except as may be specifically exempted." This eliminates the issue of defining a full length nucleic acid of any of the select agent viruses and the issue that if one nucleotide was left out it would not be full length and thus not regulated. The 100 nucleotide sequence from Variola is appropriate but this criterion for a select agent should also be applied to monkey pox and perhaps other viruses as well.
The sufficient to cause disease phrase is ambiguous. If this phrase is retained, there is no need for the next section on toxins.Toxins can cause disease. Thus if there is a section dealing with any factor that can cause disease there is no need for a separate one dealing with the subset of toxins.
The last section deals with all genetically modified select agents. Thus, any strains that are made avirulent are specifically covered, as are naturally occurring avirulent strains. If these are later considered exempt when the final interim rule is promulgated this will be a source of confusion. It would be better to simply say up front that all strains of the select agents, including any that have been genetically modified, are covered unless specifically exempted. It is important that a process or mechanism be established for additional exemptions for otherwise covered agents and avirulent strains, whether genetically modified or naturally occurring.
The last section on additional restrictions would better be handled as a footnote. Since all genetic modification of select agents is regulated under this Federal Register notice any transfer of drug resistance also is regulated. What this last section should say is that it should be noted that any genetic modification must not create an antibiotic resistant organism that would resist drugs used to treat the disease caused by that organism. But if such restrictions are to be included there may be others, not the least of which is the BWC prohibition on creating biological weapons. Thus, there should be a restriction to prohibit any genetic or physical modification of any of the select agents (or any agent for that matter) to produce a biological weapon.
The Public Health Safety and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act recognizes that the list of select agents and toxins will be in need of regular updating (Section 351A (a)(2)) to take account of advancing scientific knowledge. The ASM recommends that the review and update of the list be done in consultation with scientists with the appropriate expertise from CDC and those identified by the American Society for Microbiology. The list of select agents and toxins should represent a broad consensus by the scientific community about which infectious agents should be covered.
The ASM appreciates the opportunity to comment on the revisions to the select agent and toxin list and offers its assistance to the CDC as it develops the regulations for the select agents and toxins.


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School Sports
Tigers win
- Details
- Category: Sports News
- Published on 14 February 2014
- Written by Mount Vernon Optic-Herald
Brett Thomas heads to the basket for the Tigers. The Mount Vernon varsity Tiger basketball team defeated the Prairiland Patriots 31-26 in front of a home crowd on Tuesday, February 4.
"The boys did a really good job of executing our game plan to stop Prairiland's post play.," Coach Joe Thomas said. "I am really proud of the effort." For details from the game, see the February 13 edition of the Mount Vernon Optic-Herald.


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Anywho, here's a list of stuff I use to speed through runs when I just want a PQI over with so the Flaming dungeon will move (or is it the other way around?), or when I want to complete a dungeon for completion and I'm lazy.
1) Prepping Mystera
Benefits - you'll get piety for popcorn bowling, imawaling, endiswalling, fireballing and so on and so forth. This translates to an early mana point or two speeding you towards 2-3 fireballs per full mana pool, mystic balance for classes which want it, refreshment or - most importantly - a big string of weakenings to completely remove problems with magic resistant bosses. The last reason makes it my default "lazy spellcaster" approach. Just don't do it in all-magic damage monsters dungeons (Vicious Steel and Cursed Oasis, pretty much).
2) Prepping EM
Benefits - uhhh... Too many to list. Imawal for easy XP is probably to biggest one, and it means efficent leveling even in tricky dungeons, entanlgement is dirt cheap and a repeatable slowing effect (destroys blinking bastards too!), filling up a level with plants allows for a clearance spike and/or a hilarious conversion into TT. Vine form can give me a few points of damage resistance for AA's, as well as a significant and cheap early health boost which is also dandy with B2P, and if everything else fails I can easily swap over to whoever and desecrate EM + drink a burn salve for 3 indulgences and 25 piety. She feels like the most experienced player in a moba squad placed on a hard support role who destroys the opposition with overwhelming utility, or bards in D&D when they raise the effective challenge rating of the entire party buy 50% while seeming useless.
3) Prepping EM + Codex
(Same as above except on psychadelic mushrooms. Lethal joke character defined.) Pick either a priest or a monk and go nuts - repeatable slow in entanglement, clearance mana coming out of your ears, damage resistance to tank a hit or two if monk, healing potions + huge health pool if priest, bigass first striking fireballs which also screw over monsters that would retaliate on their own. It's crazy powerful, different and screws over cursed oasis on so many levels.
4) Prepping Binlor
Provides the biggest melee damage % boost in game, handy dandy full physical resistance in a pinch, guaranteed pissorf, guaranteed imawal, magic resistance and both enables and rewards removing walls from maps. He's undescribeably good for anyone but pure spellcastes.
5) Titan's Guitar
It removes all walls for the cost of not prepping another item. Cuts you off from binlor, but, dude, no walls... For when you REALLY don't want to think about that aspect of the game.
6) Prepping Taurog
Has several features, but for those times when you only really want a Getindare, a big stack of pity, tons of CP, free items and a straightforward (near) warmonger game. Also for guaranteed -dmg for VHos. You can pretty much ignore glyphs (apart from maybe prepping more glyphs for more piety), and shops (if you want all the gear, plus the gear's not that terrible).
7) Prepping GG
Much like Earthmother - there's no reason not to most of the time. Getting to 50 piety with him and swapping out is the absolute worst case scenario - and it's still pretty much free 50 piety. Snagging a Humility for the XP benefits on non-spellcesters is just way too good to pass up, it guarantees ease of disposing with phys res bossess (through the consecrated strike), a few hits of absolution is often fine, and having debuff removal or a heal in a pinch is also good. Plus you get piety for converting stuff you'd convert anyway. Also, it's probably the best coice for warmonger runs (conversion piety much like taurog, but more utility - taurog's better for miser runs).
8) Namtar's Ward
Ask Avatar. Well it was supposed to be brokenish anyway.
9) Crystal Ball
You mean I can has a few schadenfraude potions at a discount? Sign me up. I don't do it that much nowadays because I got tired.
10) Halflings (and to a degree gnomes)
For sub-vicious stuff (allthough I've done easier vicious too). You wouldn't believe the shennanigans you can get up to with the little buggers. Halflings in particular because health boosts are all over the place. I've potion spiked the vicious Blah Blah with non-priest halflings, and that's just if you hoard the potions. If you don't hoard them you can convert them for GG/Drac piety making them guys who convert for piety twice, you can do stupid things with CP wizards, you can do all sorts of stupidity with halfling bloodmages, you can do all sorts of foolishness with Codex EM, you can spike anything anywhere...
That's all I can think of for now.
But really guys, Codex + Em + Priest + Halfling. I haven't played in a while, I'll fire up the game right now and destroy something with it


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French Lesson
French Lesson
Charlier Institute. French and English Institution for young gentlemen, under the direction of Prof. Elie Charlier ... New York: S.W. Green, 1869.
Catalog Record | Enlarge Image | Adopt a Book Home
The annual catalog for what was then perhaps New York's most highly regarded prep school. Then on East 24th Street, the Charlier Institute accepted both day and boarding students, offering them a wide range of educational opportunities. Unusually, foreign language instruction was paramount; indeed, "FRENCH IS THE LANGUAGE OF THE SCHOOL for ALL YOUNG AMERICANS." Included is an outline of Charlier's educational philosophy; the school rules, fees, and curriculum; a roster of current students; and a list of all alumni with their present occupation and location, if known. Charlier boasts in particular of his ability to prepare students for West Point and the U.S. Naval Academy. "Cubans and South-Americans" may enroll, up to the yearly quota of ten students. At end is an advertisement for Charlier's complementary "Institution for Young Ladies," recently opened on East 33rd Street.


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0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Love the idea. Especially since, as sparksals said, getting consensus on some of the rules is going to take advanced special ninja etiquette. We'll all get a workout.
So we basically pick a particular issue, start a thread about it here, lay out what WE think are the EHell ground rules and then ask for comments/consensus?
Cool idea.I kind of like the following topics myself:-Guest lists/uninvited guests-Online etiquette-Gifts and registries
In the US, we don't have a reception AND a dinner. I'm sort of confused about the Danish custom of having a reception and dinner.
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Ajax brought a run of three successive defeats in the UEFA Champions League to an end as they drew 1-1 with Milan in Amsterdam.
The Eredivisie side dominated large parts of the Group H encounter on Tuesday and were unlucky not to have taken all three points after scoring in the 90th minute, but a stoppage time penalty from Mario Balotelli earned the visitors a point.
Stefano Denswil rose to head home a Lasse Schone corner in the final minute of normal time, but Balotelli's even later spot-kick snatched a point for the Serie A side.
Kolbeinn Sigthorsson and Viktor Fischer both went close for the hosts early but they failed to stretch Christian Abbiati in the Milan goal.
Both team
s came into the clash off the back of league victories at the weekend, however there were still changes from those games.
Daley Blind and Sigthorsson came in for the hosts, while Massimiliano Allegri made three changes with Balotelli, Ignazio Abate and Riccardo Montolivo all starting.
Frank de Boer's side began the game in the ascendancy as they controlled possession and went closest to opening the scoring.
Sigthorsson was the first to test Abbiati in the fifth minute after receiving a pass from Lerin Duarte, the Iceland international fired low towards the bottom corner but the goalkeeper saved well with his legs.
Milan were struggling to get hold of the ball and they were let off again 13 minutes later as Fischer sent a drive just wide of Abbiati's left-hand post.
The Dane received the ball from Blind after neat work from the full-back, but his effort never worried the Milan goal.
Niklas Moisander should have opened the scoring with nine minutes of the half remaining, however he fired over the bar after Milan had failed to clear a corner properly.
Montolivo had the first chance after the break but he could not break the deadlock as he forced Cillessen into his first save of the match. The midfielder met a low pull-back from Kevin Constant but his shot was punched away by the Dutch goalkeeper.
Ajax were far from out of the game though and Abbiati was again called into action just before the hour. Sigthorsson got himself in front of Abate to meet a Fischer cross but he headed straight at Abbiati who did not have to move to make the save.
Balotelli had been anonymous in attack for the visitors but he burst into life in the 63rd minute as he saw a curling crash against the crossbar.
The striker cut inside Moisander on the left-hand side of the penalty area and fired a shot that looked destined for the top corner, but Cillessen got his fingertips to it and turned it onto the bar.
Both sides pushed for a late winner and the hosts thought they had one when Denswil evaded the Milan defenders to power a header home from six yards out.
However, Balotelli was brought down inside the penalty area in stoppage time by Mike van der Hoorn and the striker made no mistake from the spot, sending Cillessen the wrong way, to seal a point.
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I endorse and applaud Senator Rob Portman's epiphany regarding his change of position on gay rights and same-sex marriage ("Portman is 1st GOP senator to back gay marriage," Page A4, March 16). However, why did it take the fact that the Ohio Republican's son came out for Portman to realize that his discriminatory views have been an injustice to all gay and lesbian Americans?
As with other lawmakers and administrators, why does the revelation that all men and women are entitled to equal constitutional rights have to be motivated by members of their own families coming out as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender?
Didn't Portman understand that he was elected to represent all Americans, and not just his son and his own family?