text:
Look dude, if you're going to spread a conspiracy properly, you need to spread your ideas out to a least 3 excessively long paragraphs or raging insanity. You could have easily structured it:
-Secret plot by apple. They're evil, man.
-The secret plot happens to be cuz iOS is evil like them.
-iOS version 5 is also evil.
-They've drugged Google with evil for more evil.
Your conspiracy needs more Illuminati/Lizard People/FEMA camps/Aliens/Other batshit craziness.
Pick any two and try again
You forgot the New World Order.
Seems to be one of the leading causes of stupid I see anymore.
And Microsoft to merely wrap some bloatware round it and call it their own, like they do with their "search engine" [blogspot.com].
I realize you guys are just kidding, but there's a very important and overlooked part of the SPDY protocol. Hopefully TPTB won't understand its implications before it's too late to stop SPDY adoption.
You see, the way I read the spec and the way it's currently implemented, SPDY requires every single connection to be encrypted. It's not optional.
Imagine that, a world where MITM attacks suddenly become much much harder, where your ISP doesn't inject ads in your search results, where your mobile provider cannot "help" you screwing up your HTTP connections with a transparent proxy, where the British government cannot censor a Wikipedia page, where even the small sites can be encrypted because web hosts save bandwidth money by offering this option to everyone.
Imagine a world where net neutrality becomes much harder to break because all big protocols are encrypted all (or at least most) of the time and the deep packet inspection shit that's used much more widely than people think just doesn't work anymore.
SSH, Freenet, Skype BitTorrent and other P2P protocols are already there. This is the chance to do it for HTTP.
Disclaimer: I speak only for myself and not anyone else. IANARE.
I did not know that about SPDY, thanks for the info.
That's one reason to adopt it widely and quickly IMHO.
Imagine a world where every time you set up a website you have to fork over money to a certificate provider in order for people to be able to access your sites, where the prices for certificates are sky-high once again because the CAs know that they've got everyone over a barrel, where governments use their influence to get their own CAs into every browser and go right on ahead MITMing everything in site by painting anyone that refuses as a supporter of child porn...
Do you really, honestly, truly believe that the US Government needs its own CAs and can't simply ask Verisign/Symantec to hand over a valid CA for a domain they want?
The USG doesn't want to use Verisign/Symantec's CAs. If it was using them, then it would be possible for Verisign/Symantec to sign something and make it look as though it was signed by the USG. That's why they need their own.
(believe it or not, the government does things with SSL other than impersonate web sites so that they can do MitM attacks on civilian communications)
My god. We might have to self-sign our own certificates.
Microsoft has announced their implementation, DirectSPEW.
It's going to kill SPDY when it debuts in a few months with Windows Phone 7.1.
Hi bonch
Can't tell if troll or usual MS tactic.
Can't tell if troll or usual MS tactic.
You say that like there is a difference?
When pipelining first came out, there were many buggy implementations. As a result, many browsers and web servers disabled the feature. Maybe it's time to turn it on for everything.
Even better to combine multiplexing with better ISP proxy routines. Where regular checking is done for the mirrored version versus the original source. So with enforced net neutrality the adds can be delivered from the local mirror based upon correct alignment of add to content, without theft of content via altered or added adds.
Mirrored adds will substantively reduce traffic across ISP boundaries. Of course the source would want to validate the accuracy of the mirror/proxy and also for the capitalist wo
HTTP pipelining just magnifies the DoS vulnerability that all HTTP servers inherently have.
meh. there's plenty of stuff pipelining does allow you to do out of order and still comply. and pipelining on hinders your ability to mitigate DoS attacks if your metrics are trivial.
reminds me not to buy f5.
As one of the creators of SPDY..
No, HTTP suffers from head-of-line blocking. There is no way around that.
HTTP also doesn't have header compression (which matters quite a bit on low-bandwidth pipes) nor prioritization to ensure that your HTTP, javascript and CSS load before the lolkittens
No, HTTP suffers from head-of-line blocking.
Head of line blocking is a feature of TCP, and my (very cursory) understanding is that SPDY still uses TCP so how is this not still a problem?
A technologically better solution would probably be to use SCTP instead of TCP, but unfortunately suffers from the fact that SCTP is only 12 years old, so Microsoft have stated that they have no intention of ever supporting it. However, despite MS's lack of support, that doesn't prevent the possibility of using SCTP in environments where it is available.
Yes, the layer-4 protocol still requires in-order delivery. But lost packets is not the sort of problem SPDY is trying to solve. SCTP might also be a good idea, but you'd still want SPDY on top of it instead of HTTP because it's faster even assuming perfect, in-order packet arrival.
But SPDY adds encapsulation within the TCP stream so data frames from multiple SPDY streams can be interleaved. It's like opening a bunch of separate TCP streams (like browser do now) but with a lot less overhead. It's also less complicated to implement than HTTP pipelining because each request/response gets its own SPDY stream so the underlying HTTP server can treat them as fully independent connections.
Using with HTTP, even with pipelining, the server must respond to requests in the order they are received. So if you request something slow -- say a DB query -- and then a bunch of static images, HTTP will have to wait for the slow request, send that response, and then send the images. Using SPDY each request creates a new SPDY stream, and the server can send back responses in each stream without respect for the order in which they arrived. So in the same slow-DB + static images scenario SPDY would be able to immediately start sending back images and then send back the DB response when it was ready. SPDY could even start sending images, and when it sees that the DB response is half-ready and has a higher priority, interrupt the image transfer, send the first half of the DB response, complete the image response, and then complete the DB response.
But SPDY adds encapsulation within the TCP stream so data frames from multiple SPDY streams can be interleaved. It's like opening a bunch of separate TCP streams (like browser do now) but with a lot less overhead. It's also less complicated to implement than HTTP pipelining because each request/response gets its own SPDY stream so the underlying HTTP server can treat them as fully independent connections.
Cute. Still, in the end, the future HTTP daemon will end starting a new process for each of those streams, and each request will have a negligible extra cost to the client and network overhead but will still cost to the server in terms of disk IO, processing and memory consumption.
Looks like SPDY's multiplexing - alone - brings more interesting DoS possibilities.
Google may not have problems with their huge structure and resources in general, but what about the rest of the world?
It seems to me that SPDY
It seems to me like it would be a big win for ssl sites.
Consider a browser visits a ssl site. First they have to open a ssl connection and download the page. Then they have a few choices.
1: download all the items sequentially using the same connection (obviously slow and bad)
2: open multiple connections (wasting time and processing power on multiple ssl handshakes)
3: use pipelining and hope they don't hit an item that is slow to retrive and blocks everything else.
With spdy they can just open one ssl connection and do everything over it without having requests block each other.
As one of the creators of SPDY..
No, HTTP suffers from head-of-line blocking. There is no way around that.
HTTP also doesn't have header compression (which matters quite a bit on low-bandwidth pipes) nor prioritization to ensure that your HTTP, javascript and CSS load before the lolkittens
Please tell me your joking.
SPDY is layered on top of TCP... **TCP** suffers from head-of-line blocking and therefore so does SPDY.
By collapsing everything into a single connection you induce *more* latency on low speed, high latency connections because the chance of idling the link when waiting for an ACK/response with one TCP session or waiting for the next request increases vs multiple concurrent TCP sessions.
You don't need to invent a new protocol for header compression if you intend to always use TLS an
**TCP** suffers from head-of-line blocking and therefore so does SPDY
Head-of-line blocking may happen at different levels.
In the case of pipelined HTTP, if the first request in the pipeline is slow, it will block all the others, because answers have to be delivered in order.
A smarter protocol could take a "tagged" approach, where each response is tagged, and thus can be associated with the correct request even if delivered out of order. IIRC, imap uses an approach like this.
SPDY goes further-- not only are requests and responses on separate streams asynchronous, but the parts of the different responses can be interleaved. The only head-of-line blocking here is based on the TCP buffering or the maximum frame size for SPDY (we typically use 4k frames).
Not quite. Pipelining requires responses to be delivered in the same order as the requests. This is fine if all the responses are available immediately (eg. static css and images), but for dynamic content such as php a delay generating the content will not only delay that request but also all following requests.
One main advantage of SPDY is http header compression which should reduce upstream bandwidth to about a quarter of what it currently is for web browsing - and while bandwidth isn't that important a
... embedded links that activate scripts/contact other adservers, etc. There is so much junk embedded in modern web-pages that most users have no clue how bad their client is being raped of accumulating identifiable information.
Too true. Installing the Firefox NoScript extension has been an eye-opener for me.
Maybe Google could remove all the useless Google Adsense ads first because the main reason why pages load so slow is because of the million ad calls to Google?
Yes, because before ads, there was no culture whatsoever and people didn't communicate. What was the point anyway? It's not like you could monetize it somehow...
Protip: in the real world, content precedes advertisements... strangely, even on the Internet... I know you're probably too young to remember, but there _was_ a time when the Internet had more content than ads. Waaaaay back.
Also, most things on the Internet are free, because most things in the Universe are free anyway and because... if you charged m
If you continue mixing everything in one big meta problem, you'll fail to see the big picture.
Fact: People need to eat. They also usually need a roof over their head.
Consequence: People need money.
As a result of this, most people are not willing to work for free, because it is usually their work that makes the ends meet.
Look at Wikipedia. Free of ads, but they come whining every other year for money. All in all, they do put ads on their site, buit it's ads for themselves.
And before ads were invented the web
Ads are OK. They're the reason why most things in life (i.e., the Internet) are free.
Ouch... I think you should broaden your interests in life.
By default, a web browser opens an individual connection for each and every page request, which can lead to tremendous inefficiencies
HTTP1.1 which is supported by everything newer than IE5 (at least) utilizes persistent connections. You can verify this yourself with Wireshark in seconds. SPDYs optimizations largely revolve around "pipelining", but without some of the issues that it causes.
By default, a web browser opens an individual connection for each and every page request, which can lead to tremendous inefficiencies
... SPDYs optimizations largely revolve around "pipelining", but without some of the issues that it causes.
No no no... You're using the wrong definition of "pipelining". First you must realize the Internet is a Series of Tubes. The Series part is important because TCP is a Serial protocol. If any Tube in the Series cracks and data is lost, endpoints start spewing packets all over the place in alarm! SPDY's optimizations revolve around "pipelining" -- That is: Lining the Pipes to prevent such events from happening in the first place.
HTTP1.1 is OLD! The pipes built around that time are OLD too. The HTTP1.1 "pipelining" is starting to wear through after 17 years... Connecting the Tubes is expensive too; If a Header is compressed there's less chance of part being lost in a data leak when it flows through the tubes.
There is an underground movement to get rid of the whole ridiculous idea of Tubes. I mean, Why would you take something as permeable as a NET and build a Series of Tubes out of it?! OF COURSE YOU NEED PIPELINING if you want it to be efficient!
However, what if you didn't need a "pipe" what if you could get your information from the Sea of Data by Casting about the Web and sorting out the results on your end? You could simply keep trying until you were satisfied with the data you had. Even better if relevant data could be naturally organized -- swarm together -- in a sort of BitTorrent so you could get the data in the Net with less Casting... One could even take the center out -- Decentralize it -- to help prevent conflicts about which data came from what side. I mean: Who cares if someone wants to DownLoad a car so much that it's undrivable from all the weight? It doesn't make your car any less usable! Besides, the naysayers are all Hypocrites: They have to participate in the things they say are wrong just to even see into what we're doing -- You have to Peer to Peer!
Don't even get me started on Cloud Computing! Seriously... It's VaproWare!
What about alternatives [geant.net] like UDT, and SCTP?
"[T]he SPDY (pronounced 'speedy') protocol
No WAY am I pronouncing it 'speedy'. I'm a callin' it 'spidey'. That way, I can build wearable network monitors which vibrate at high frequencies when the web server gets bogged down.
And then.... I'll be able to interrupt my boss in mid-sentence and say, "Hang on, my spidey sensors are tingling..."
"I better check my web servers."
We haven't done that yet? Wasn't that a late nineties thing? We're still on a 10 and 20 year old protocol!? Why isn't slashdot using html 1.1? Tables not good enough? As someone who still catches up on the IEEE from time to time, this is actually surprising. No wonder lynx hasn't needed much upgrading for connections beyond bug fixes.
That means all advantages have been the physical pathways (that includes wireless) and TCP! Wow! Based on the fact psychics made it to the front page of slashdot witho
We have other protocols, like FTP for example, that handle things besides web pages. HTTP is a pretty wide open protocol and allows all sorts of things to be jammed in to it, which is why it's worked so well in the past.
Also, as they say, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it".
We have other protocols, like FTP for example, that handle things besides web pages. HTTP is a pretty wide open protocol and allows all sorts of things to be jammed in to it, which is why it's worked so well in the past.
Also, as they say, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it".
With all the NAT going around, FTP is becoming less and less useable.
The biggest pro for HTTP is it's universal support, not its openness.
As far as your last sentence is concerned, we'd still be fighting for a little fire if we followed it all along...
HTTP's inception predates the scale at which the Internet is used today, and like IPv4, the failure to anticipate the shifts in use and data access within the Internet make it far less efficient than it could otherwise be. SPDY, along with many of the streaming protocols, identify more with the modern Internet practices than, "Get this page now," technique of HTTP.
I'm on the second tier of my ISP's access rate, and even though many pages should load in the theoretical second, they don't due to modern styli
Several mobile phone companies and some browsers offer special proxies nowadays to speed up browser experience on mobile phone and to reduce data usage for customers by serving prerendered or otherwise optimized/reduced pages. This might severely reduce Googles ability to collect user data from these users on the visited web pages (unless the user is logged in to google+ or alike with his browser, which might be unlikely given that for social networks there are usually separate apps).
Is this now a step to reduce the need for these proxies in order to protect their own business?
of something... i cant remember it right now, because, well, my text reading program has been optimized for ARM NEON, but my smart phone doesn't have NEON, or at least, this version of the driver i'm using doesn't work with NEON, and i tried to port it, but its like i can't find a good way to work around the specialized vectorization code inside of the Eigen2 library because it doesnt work on certain platforms. but if it did work, my text editor would be like 75% faster than some luser running it on a singl
I think the internet has proven sufficiently slow that it is now officially time to go ahead and get on top of optimization. It's premature by about negative one decade at this point.
At least it's not SPYW..thanks God.
Says it all. The connection setup isn't the problem, it's being bounced to 10 different sites other than the one you wanted to visit, half of which are overloaded at any given time.
Fix that instead Google and there's no need to mess with the standards anyway.
In most cases when a web page takes a long time to load, it is not the HTTP connection to the web page's home server itself that is too slow, but
I experience that the biggest slowdown on the sites that I visit, have often been caused by connections to Google Analytics.
Thanks Google for making the web faster!
SPDY's goal is to reduce web page load times through the use of header compression, packet prioritization, and multiplexing (combining multiple requests into a single connection).
I'd like to see SCTP [wikipedia.org] getting some love, which sadly enough seems unlikely if it hasn't happened so far. It's a very simple protocol mixing the good parts of both TCP and UDP, plus it supports multiplexing and priorization off the bat.
I'd like to see SCTP [wikipedia.org] getting some love, which sadly enough seems unlikely if it hasn't happened so far. It's a very simple protocol mixing the good parts of both TCP and UDP, plus it supports multiplexing and priorization off the bat.
Unfortunately, whilst its a very good protocol, it isn't supported by Windows, and Microsoft is on record as saying they have no intention of ever implementing it. I guess this is no surprise - the protocol is very new (only 12 years old) and not in common use Microsoft traditionally wait until technologies have been in common use for a good 10-15 years before bothering to produce a half-arsed broken implementation of them (see standards like C99 for details).
That said, it would be nice to see SCTP being u
That's a really poor way of describing SCTP. Firstly the relationship between TCP and UDP is such that TCP could be built entirely ontop of UDP, the only reason it isn't physically is so that the port numbers for UDP and TCP are distinct. On the other side the best description of UDP is actually "Bare IP packets with port numbers".
SCTP is not that, it would probably be most accurate to describe it as being a protocol with multiple TCP streams in both directions within one connection. Because it's within a single connection a 'stream' can be very small (ie a little message) and still be efficient and because there are multiple streams messages don't have to wait for each other; though they can if you want. It is probably simpler that TCP, but only because TCP has had so much bolted on.
But you are absolutely correct, this would be a very good protocol for throwing a load of tiny requests at a web server and getting the results back as soon as they're ready. BUT, mixing it with SSL would not be very simple, I guess you'd have to do what OpenVPN does.
That's a really poor way of describing SCTP. Firstly the relationship between TCP and UDP is such that TCP could be built entirely ontop of UDP, the only reason it isn't physically is so that the port numbers for UDP and TCP are distinct. On the other side the best description of UDP is actually "Bare IP packets with port numbers".
It also adds packet content checksums, so you're much less likely to get bad data delivered. It's less important than it used to be (due to improvements in physical network quality) but even so, it's a huge help since it lets you assume that the data is at least uncorrupted by the transfer process itself.
SPDY is a great example of someone thinking only of their own application.
By increasing the initial window size from 3 to 10 they add to the bufferbloat effect (at the microscopic level) and increase Jitter from tolerable 38 ms to intolerable 126 ms on a 1 Mbit/s ADSL line. This level of jitter severely affects VoIP sound quality. And for this calculation I have assumed that the web browser only uses one TCP connection to load the page; if it uses two TCP connections the Jitter may double.
But hey! What does any application developer care about other applications? They are only concerned about getting their own application sped up.
When you improve the performance of your application, you should think about how it degrades the performance of other applications. If someone recommended increasing the O/S priority level of the web browser to the maximum, so all your other applications slowed down to a halt while the web browser was running, you would probably object. The increased initial window size is a comparable recommendation, but at a network buffering level, so very few people understand its negative side effects.
We all want faster loading web pages, but we also want other applications to respond faster, and we also want perfect VoIP sound quality without the walkie talkie effect caused by high latency or jitter.
Actually, Jim Gettys has called for the adoption of SPDY (alongside the wider deployment of HTTP pipelining) to help mitigate bufferbloat.
By increasing the initial window size from 3 to 10 they add to the bufferbloat effect (at the microscopic level) and increase Jitter from tolerable 38 ms to intolerable 126 ms on a 1 Mbit/s ADSL line.
I can't really see how increasing the window size would increase jitter. Network bandwidth aside, the throughput of a TCP connection is a function of latency and window size. Increasing the window size simply increases the throughput on high-latency networks.
You're still limited to MTU-size packets (probably 1500 octets), and if you're using a priority queuing discipline this gives you a network jitter of about 12ms on a 1Mbps connection: (1500*8)/1000000 = 0.012 since the priority queue will insert the small high priority RTP packets between the large low priority packets.
When you improve the performance of your application, you should think about how it degrades the performance of other applications. If someone recommended increasing the O/S priority level of the web browser to the maximum, so all your other applications slowed down to a halt while the web browser was running, you would probably object. The increased initial window size is a comparable recommendation, but at a network buffering level, so very few people understand its negative side effects.
Increasing the window size is not comparable to increasing the priority of the traffic. I would agree with you if the application were setting the ToS flags(*) in an abusive way, but the window size just affects the maximum throughput for a connection given a specific latency connection. Given that latency isn't something generally very controllable, this can't even be regarded as an effective method of intentionally throttling throughput (shaping the traffic on the router would be more sensible here).
(* routers out on the internet won't generally pay attention to ToS flags, so setting them abusively wouldn't normally give you any advantage anyway. However, routers at the ends of low bandwidth links, such as ADSL, should be paying attention to ToS flags in order to prioritise latency-sensitive protocols. If you're not doing this and just relying on FIFO queuing then you're pretty much screwed already for VoIP unless you're using the connection for nothing else).
SPDY does not increase the initial window, Google, Microsoft and many others increased that on their server to get the content faster to you.
Within Google a completely different department I'm sure.
SPDY uses less connections a good thing to reduce bufferbloat.
Someone above already mentioned Jim Getty mentioned SPDY will reduce the effect of bufferbloat.
Do you know any methods to improve tethering? I use my 3G phone as a WiFi hotspot. It seems that when the connection is idle for a while, it takes some time to kick it up to full speed. Sometimes when I try to post a message to some forum, I have to load some another page in the background to wake up the link.
Does the TCP slow-start make things worse here, would the connection run better if I encapsulate it to some single tunnel, should I send some constant keep-alive data, can I force an Android phone to s
Do you know any methods to improve tethering? I use my 3G phone as a WiFi hotspot. It seems that when the connection is idle for a while, it takes some time to kick it up to full speed.
Change your TCP/IP congestion algorithm to something like Compound TCP (CTCP).
Go to about:config and switch network.http.spdy.enabled.
Mozilla has been quite critical of some Google technologies (Dart, Native Client,
From what I recall from reading the bug report about adding it, SPDY was just on the borderline of being actually implementable by other browsers - undocumented and requiring some hairy low-level changes to their SSL implementation, but simple enough to be doable. There's probably a reason it's not enabled by default though. Also, I think bits of it may have been effectively reverse-engineered from the behaviour of the Google services using it.
The speed benefits provided by this new protocol will rapidly be negated by the ability to cram more shit into each connection.
By choosing TLS as the underlying transport, inspecting traffic for debugging or monitoring purposes becomes nigh on impossible. It will only be possible to capture traffic at the application level, after decryption and decapsulation (which, depending on the nature of any given bug, may be too late), or if it originates from servers you own (i.e. the server's private key is available to you). SPDY proxies will become dumb pipes, unable to perform any sort of content caching, unless users are willing to accept that the proxy may perform MITM on their traffic. For such MITM to be feasible, users need to trust a CA certificate associated with the proxy, and rely on the proxy performing upstream certificate checks on their behalf, because the browser no longer has a single end-to-end TLS session with the origin server. In corporate and other "managed" environments, people often find this acceptable in moderation*, but I would be worried if this became the norm - it creates a mind-set whereby it's acceptable to breach users' privacy, and the more proxy vendors have incentive to implement the necessary (proprietary) code, the more scope there is for them to get it wrong, completely undermining security.
Not to mention that introducing a mux/demux layer in between the network traffic and the individual requests/responses greatly increases the complexity needed to implement a proxy compared to plain-old HTTP.
Losing the functionality of caching proxies would seem counter to Google's goal of speeding up the Web. Losing the ability to monitor and filter network traffic will greatly diminish the ability of schools, employers, public hotspot providers etc. to enforce acceptable usage policies, to the extent that some - especially employers - may simply resort to blocking web access outright.
IMHO, the behaviour of SPDY proxies needs to be tightly specified, if they are going to exist. Standardise MITM behaviour, so that users and admins are aware of the pros and cons. Make it mandatory that end users are warned when MITM is taking place. Perhaps introduce new extensions, such as the ability for the proxy to establish TLS with the browser using its own certificate, but transmit a copy of any origin server certificates corresponding to proxied requests, so that the browser isn't entirely at the proxy's mercy WRT certificate verification. Perhaps introduce the ability to multiplex requests to different domains on the same connection, something a browser can't do when talking directly to distinct origin servers.
Note that similar concerns apply to reverse proxies, used by website providers themselves to speed up their own infrastructure. It may seem desirable for both front-end caching and back-end servers to use SPDY, but establishing TLS sessions between two halves of the same infrastructure, over the LAN, will be detrimental to resource usage.
* Bear in mind that currently, MITM is only necessary for HTTPS sites, which means that there are vast swathes of in-the-clear HTTP traffic for which caching doesn't introduce any inherent security concerns. By making *everything* use TLS, MITM becomes a consideration if you want to perform *any* caching/filtering at all, not just caching/filtering of secure sites. If there is no longer any distinction between secure and insecure sites, how does even a responsible admin know where to draw the line?
I realize there is probably a really good reason why they are not using the builtin compression tools available. What are they again?
I realize there is probably a really good reason why they are not using the builtin compression tools available. What are they again?
Current implementations in Apache require a page to be generated fully before sending to the client, doesn't compress certain elements well and can in fact increase the size.
Never buy from a rich salesman. -- Goldenstern


text:
July 9, 1967
To Kenai Alaska
Our trip to the old Denver airport was fast and delightful in my brother Jim's Pontiac GTO. The kids were packed in the backseat, in warm wool suits, with instructions not to open their candy sacks until they got on the airplane.
Actually that was my third or fourth trip to Denver in my 29 years of living in northern Colorado. My life up until this moment consisted of growing up on a farm, going to school in a little two room school house for eight years and then on to high school in Timnath, out side Fort Collins. After graduation from Timnath in a class of 14 people, I went to work in Loveland as a waitress, where I met Jack through my uncle Les. They had been in the Air Force together and fought the battle of Bartlesville, Oklahoma, as they jokingly described their time in the service.
The last of August 1955, I got a receptionist job at the Fort Collins Coloradoan. I never worked so hard in my life, taking ads over the phone, taking ads over-the-counter, typing them up and meeting the 11 o'clock in the morning deadline.
The job required being very well dressed every day, with high heels, nylon stockings (attached to a garter belt — oh my, how uncomfortable those things were!). That was the days of hair perfectly in place with tons of Aqua Net Hairspray. For this old farm girl who grew up in jeans, Converse tennis shoes, and shirts that were usually my dad's, it was a big, sometimes painful, change. The shoes I had to wear at the newspaper were the high heeled, very pointed shoes. My feet were/are wide and flat – once describe by my dad as "when you buy shoes for Ann– throw the shoes away and put the shoe box on her feet!" My feet hurt so badly at times I could hardly walk – but I was dressed up according to dress code of the newspaper.
In November of 1955, Jack and I were married at the First Presbyterian Church in Fort Collins. This began a new life for me as he was in his second year at Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado studying to be a petroleum engineer. We moved to Golden to a motel unit that was in the boundaries of our budget. Thus began our life on the G.I. Bill. Jack and I worked at odd jobs as the G.I. Bill paid $135 a month. I worked for the telephone company during the day, and three hours at night at a local creamery. I learned to make malts and shakes and triple-decker ice cream cones. I also learned to "over make" the malts and shakes, and put the leftovers in a large malt cup so I could take it home after locking up at night. That would be our supper. I called it our rainbow supper as it had every description of malts and shakes piled on top of each other.
Then for a while I worked for Coors in their ceramic factory making ceramic ashtrays. Jack worked for Coors on his days off. Usually his job was outdoors in the cold.
I checked in with Mom once a week. One of those phone calls I told her we could sure use some groceries. So Mom in her always giving, always helpful spirit mailed to us, through the post office, about 10 pounds of venison. I still do not know what she was thinking, because three days later, it arrived on our motel door step leaking blood. And I do not know exactly what the mailman thought, as he placed it on the doorstep. Can you imagine in this day and age what would've happened? Anyway the venison arrived warm, and I fixed venison steaks that night. Neither one of us could eat them as venison has a peculiar smell anyway and cooked made it worse. To this day I do not like venison! The rest was thrown out. I never did not tell Mom how her care package arrived.
In late March of 1956 Jack hurt his back severely digging ice out of a ditch for Coors. He could not go to school, he could not go to work, he could hardly get out of bed. We were broke with pennies to our name. So the decision was made to move back to Fort Collins and Jack would become a parts man for my dad at the John Deere Implement Company he owned.
In 1957 Gail was born. A happy little tow headed girl with lots of energy, she was named after Jack's good friend, Gayle. In 1959 David was born, a healthy little boy whom we named after my dad's father David Thomas and my dad John Melvin. We named him David John. In 1960 Susan Renée was born, another happy healthy little tow headed girl with a smile for everyone. She was named after my great-grandmother Susanne. So began our life as a family, something I had always dreamed of, something I always wanted to be, a mama just like my mom.
In the years that followed, I have written about our adventures, up until flying to Alaska. A new beginning of a new adventure in a growing Alaska town called North Kenai ...
As we boarded the airplane in Denver, my first airplane flight, my three kids in tow and the three suitcases checked at the luggage counter and a hundred dollars tucked inside my purse, my brother hugged us goodbye and said good luck! I needed the good luck part!
Next week: up, up and away, flying across the skies, over the beautiful country we call America.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Are you interested in sports writing? Do you want to write for GiveMeSport? Well now you can! Sign-up to the GiveMeSport Writing Academy & have your articles read by millions of sports fans all over the world.
GMS Academy - What is it?
In short, the GiveMeSport Writing Academy was set-up to help aspiring sports journalists develop and enhance their journalistic skills. You are able to cover all sports including football, tennis, cricket, golf, rugby, NBA & much, much more!
As a member of the Academy, you are challenged with progressing through the levels to climb the sports journalism ladder with a range of incentives along the way to reward you for your efforts.
Contributors begin at Level 1 (Academy Member) and can progress all the way to Level 7 (Senior Writer). Should you successfully complete every stage, you will have earned the right to be interviewed for a fully-paid role at GiveMeSport Towers. But that's not all.
What's in it for me?
We pride ourselves on being able to offer an extensive range of prizes/incentives to our Academy members. From covering live sporting events to receiving professional training at our head offices in central London, there really are a whole host of reasons to sign-up to the GMS Academy today.
What's more, there are a number of achievement badges to be earned throughout your time in the Academy, as you reach different milestones on your way to the top.
And what bigger incentive do you need than the chance to build an online portfolio and have YOUR work read by millions of sports fans all over the world?
GiveMeSport provides it's contributors with a platform to get their name out there as they bid to establish themselves in the fiercely competitive sports journalism market, giving you the edge on your competitors.
That sounds great! Where do I sign?
To become a member of the GMS Academy, you must register & submit a test article via our Content Management System (CMS) by clicking HERE.
One of our professional in-house journalists will then review your application before notifying you via email within seven working days from the date of submission.
Once you've received your confirmation, you're free to begin submitting articles instantly. There are a number of useful hints & tips on the CMS to help you get the best results from your work, whilst the top contributor articles will be featured on our official Twitter and Facebook pages.
So, what are you waiting for? Join the GiveMeSport Writing Academy today and begin your journey as a sports journalist. If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact us at: email@example.com
Good luck!
Do YOU want to write for GiveMeSport? Get started today by signing-up and submitting an article HERE: https://www.givemesport.com/writeforgms


text:
Daily Local News (http://www.dailylocal.com)
Wednesday, June 18, 2014
At Cooking Spotlight in Phoenixville, grill pans cooled on the range, and the smell of vegetables filled the air. The finished products, Grilled Ratatouille and Grilled Asparagus Mimosa, graced the kitchen's large island as two chefs prepared plates.
"It's clean-tasting, fresh. I love the simple preparation and the colors," said Jenny Young, guest chef and event coordinator. "It brings out the sugars. It caramelizes them."
"It's fast and easy. What's not to like?" added owner Vicky Hanko.
Follow their lead this summer, and go from garden to grill.
"I love throwing veggies on the grill — all sorts, what different people in the family like, mix and match," described chef Joanie White, manager of Union Jack's Olde Congo Hotel in Barto.
Some of her favorites: green beans, asparagus, carrots, corn and brussels sprouts, which she seasons with salt, pepper and maple syrup.
"You get this crispy, sugary coating on your brussels sprouts. They're really different," said White, who encourages experimentation.
"You can't go wrong," she stressed. "You can try all different flavor combinations. They're always delicious."
Karen Vollmecke of Vollmecke Orchards & CSA in West Brandywine agrees that squash is stupendous; onions are outstanding; and beets are beautiful on the grill.
"Be adventuresome," she said. "Try some new stuff."
How about okra? Vollmecke shared a recipe, which boasts "all of the flavor, none of the slime!"
"Grilling is a new look and a new taste," she explained. "Especially if you're eating seasonally. You're eating the same thing for a number of weeks."
Back at Cooking Spotlight, the chefs discussed ways to use Grilled Ratatouille: tossed with pasta, tucked into panini, topped with grilled chicken or fish.
"You could have it on bread as a bruschetta appetizer," Hanko suggested.
"The ratatouille in burgers would be delicious," said Young. "It's very versatile."
Grilled Ratatouille
2 Japanese or baby eggplants, unpeeled and cut lengthwise into Ľ-inch pieces
red bell pepper, seeded and quartered
yellow or orange bell pepper, seeded and quartered
1 medium onion, cut into ˝-inch rounds
1 pint cherry tomatoes
2 small zucchini, unpeeled, cut lengthwise into Ľ-inch pieces
3 cloves garlic, skin on and left whole
3 tablespoons fresh parsley, chopped
1 tablespoon fresh thyme
1 tablespoon capers, drained (optional)
3 tablespoons fresh basil, chiffonade
Ľ cup olive oil
Salt and pepper to taste
Prepare the grill to medium-high heat. If using a grill pan, place over medium-high heat burners. In a rimmed baking pan, place the eggplant, bell peppers, onions, zucchini, tomatoes and garlic. To keep the cherry tomatoes from rolling about, you may want to put them onto wooden skewers that have been pre-soaked in water. Pour olive oil over all vegetables, and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Toss well to coat.
Put the vegetables onto the grill and cook until heated through and browned to your liking — about 5 to 10 minutes. Transfer the vegetables as they are cooked into a bowl. Once all vegetables are cooked and cool enough to handle, take the garlic out of the vegetable mixture and remove the papery skins, then mince. Set aside. Chop the eggplant, peppers, onions and zucchini into large pieces. Take the cherry tomatoes off of the skewer and add to the rest of the vegetables. Add the minced garlic, capers, basil, thyme and parsley. Stir all together, season with salt and pepper to taste, and place in a serving bowl or platter.
This dish is colorful and delicious topped with a piece of grilled halibut and makes a great side dish for grilled meat. It is also a wonderful vegetarian dish. Make it more substantial by placing the ratatouille atop cooked pearl couscous.
Serves 4 to 6.
Recipe courtesy of Cooking Spotlight
Grilled Asparagus Mimosa
This dish is great as an appetizer, salad or side dish. Grilled asparagus stalks are dressed with a Dijon vinaigrette and topped with minced hard-boiled egg mixed with fresh herbs.
1 pound asparagus, medium-thickness
1˝ tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
Salt and pepper
Place grill pan over medium-high heat and preheat the pan. If using an outdoor grill, preheat to medium-high heat. Trim asparagus by breaking off the tough ends, and using a vegetable peeler, peel the lower 2/3 of the stalk. Place on a platter and drizzle with the olive oil, salt and pepper. Toss to coat each stalk. Grill the asparagus about 3 to 4 minutes on each side. Remove to a platter when finished cooking.
1/3 cup extra virgin olive oil
2 teaspoons shallot, minced
1 teaspoon Dijon mustard
2 tablespoons tarragon or white wine vinegar
Salt and pepper to taste
Whisk the shallot, mustard, vinegar, salt and pepper together in a bowl. Add the oil slowly, continuously whisking until the mixture is emulsified. Add 1 tablespoon of the dressing to the grilled asparagus and toss to coat. Lay the asparagus on a serving platter.
Egg topping:
2 hard-boiled eggs, room temperature
1 tablespoon mixed fresh herbs (parsley, chervil, tarragon, chives or any combination thereof), minced
Cut the eggs in half lengthwise and remove the yolks. Mince the yolks and the whites separately, and then toss them together. Mince very finely. Mix in the fresh herbs and some salt and pepper to taste.
Spoon some additional vinaigrette over the asparagus, top with the egg mixture across the middle of the spears and serve. Yield: 4 servings
Recipe courtesy of Cooking Spotlight
Grilled Eggplant Bites
1 eggplant
Olive oil
Mozzarella cheese
Thinly slice an unpeeled eggplant into rounds. Brush with olive oil and grill 2 minutes on both sides. Top with a little pesto and a slice of fresh mozzarella cheese. Grill until cheese is melty.
* Sometimes I top these with grilled tomato, grilled pepper, or serve with marinara sauce. They are delicious!
Recipe courtesy of Joanie White
Grilled Okra
Olive oil for brushing
24 okra
Seasoned salt or other favorite seasoning such as Old Bay or Cajun seasoning
Metal skewers
Heat grill. Skewer okra. You can either thread several onto each skewer or, for a sturdier base, place about 5 or 6 okra together (depending on length of skewers), and create a raft by threading a skewer through each end of the "clump" of okra. Brush each side lightly with olive oil and sprinkle with the seasoning of your choice. Grill about 4 minutes per side or until lightly browned.
Recipe courtesy of Vollmecke Orchards & CSA
Secrets to success
When it comes to grilling vegetables, there's one thing chefs almost always suggest.
"I would recommend a grate pan they make specifically for vegetables," said Jenny Young of Cooking Spotlight in Phoenixville.
The pan sits atop the grill and keeps small veggies from falling into the fire.
Another tip: "Use olive oil on your vegetables. If you throw them on without, you're going to have a mess. They're just going to burn," described Joanie White of Union Jack's Olde Congo Hotel in Barto.
Love to grill peppers?
"When they're done on the grill, throw them in a paper bag. They keep steaming," she said. "Just for a couple of minutes — until they're cool enough to handle. The peels peel right off."
"An Italian chef taught me that," White added.


text:
Creating iPhone Games with Unity?
Hey, I was wondering what you developers that have used Unity before to develop games thought about it, apposed to iPhone SDK. I'm not sure if I'm willing to spend $500 to get a Mac Mini or not.
Here is the site: www.unity3d.com
Here is the site: www.unity3d.com


text:
The lights are on
Confused about continuity? Want to start your own Marvel vs. DC superhero war? Head on in to pick apart storylines, books, artists, authors, and much more. The superhero registration line starts here.
Yeah, I'll be getting it next week. I bought the Mad TV variant from tfaw.
My pull list
Vae Victis.
Vocatus atque non vocatus deus aderit.
Hey Queso what does tfaw stand for and did you find the Mad TV variant funny?
@Bony4D: Ah yes. Sorry about that. tfaw is short for the website Things From Another World, and while I've yet to receive the variant the preview picture is funny so I hope it is in person.
in issue #4, I like how Geoff Johns managed to incorporate the invisible jet into the new 52 continuity in a way that made modern sense (somewhat). *spoilers* that was also quite the unexpected death scene at the end, though I'm pretty sure it wasn't real.
Yes the invisible jet was awesome and the foreshadowing of a certain character's death was really good and I hope it wasn't real.
*spoilers* she still has her ongoing series, so I'm going to assume it wasn't.
Well, Johns' run on the series is done now. Anyone get issue #8?
Yeah but I haven't read the whole thing. Seems good.
Transition Discussion: Now that Forever Evil is behind us (good Lord that event seemed to run FOREVER...hahaha, but seriously...) and JL:A has transitioned to Justice League: United, what's everyone's thoughts so far? I've gotten the first two issues (#0, #1) and am digging it so far, but what is everyone most looking forward to with the new United team? I'm personally hoping they can incorporate more of an "international" feel with the JL...it's been tried before, but bring us a larger scope of affected governments, superheroes...I'm rambling a bit, but the JL seems mostly confined to U.S. or far off fantasy places...
Percussus Resurgo
I haven't even finished Forever Evil, sadly. I picked up #0 of JLU but have yet to read it. It really seems interesting though. Based purely on solicitations and the little of what I've seen / read, Geoff John's seems to be taking JL in a new, more grounded direction after FE. So maybe JLU will feauture the more action-fantasy focused stories from now on. Just a prediction. My one hope for the series, whether I read it or not, is that it doesn't drop in quality. after the first arc like JLA did. Hopefully it keeps, and builds on, it's momentum.


text:
If you're a third-gen owner, we'll bet there's times you feel like the world can be an unfair place. It seems like every aftermarket suspension company out there is making replacement subframes for first-gen Camaros, while others cater to the second-gen and fourth-gen crowd.
But where's the love for the third-gen Camaro owners who want to throw down in the twisties? Thankfully, the gearheads over at Hotchkis Performance saw this inequity and hit the drawing boards. What they came up with were some performance-driven suspension components designed to help third-gen owners keep up with their Camaro brethren when the road varies from the straight and narrow. So, we fired up our laterally-challenged '83 Camaro and headed over to Hotchkis for some suspension TLC.
We updated the front of our third-gen with Hotchkis' Sport Suspension sway bar kit. Included is a 1 7/16-inch hollow bar (PN 2203 $553.30), bushings, brackets, and end links. (A one-inch hollow rear sway bar included in next photo). For this build we also went with the Premium Steering Rebuild Kit (PN CHESTR033 $550.50), which included the inner tie rods, outer tie rod ends, idler arm, and centerlink. Although they're not included in the kits, we wanted to get maximum performance, and drop our ride height an inch, so we added in the Sport Coil Springs (PN 1903 front & rear $270.60). Hotchkis now does installations at its Premium Installation Center, so you can have your parts bolted on and aligned by those that know them best.
Track Thrash Results
Sure, the new parts are nice and sparkly, but did they make the third-gen perform any better? When we first got the bone-stock Camaro, we did baseline testing with the worn factory parts. This gave us a best 200-foot skidpad number by pulling .78g and an average speed of 39.1 mph through 420 feet of cones.
With the baseline numbers in place, we went back to the track sporting our new Hotchkis suspension parts. With multiple runs, we adjusted the firmness of the Tokico Illumina Shocks for maximum performance. Our skidpad numbers improved to .81g, while the speed through the cones clicked up to 40.9 mph. With the lowered center of gravity and improved geometry of the Hotchkis system, it was obvious we had reached the limits of the stock width 15-inch Firestone Indy 500 tires. We just couldn't get them to hook any further. Basically, the improved suspension was outperforming the tires. In order to move the needle up the scale, we fit the Camaro with a new set of Billet Specialties Apex-G 17-inch wheels shod in Nitto 555 rubber. With some more shock tuning, the F-body managed to pull an average of .88g on the skidpad, and the speed through the cones shot up to 44.7 mph.
Most important, the Camaro stayed pretty flat and gained more predictability while cutting through the slalom cones. Although the car is now quite a bit more maneuverable and fun in aggressive driving situations, it didn't hinder its smooth personality on the highway. So, with the increased drivability of our third-gen, we can't wait to get some real power to the wheels to see what it can really do.


text:
Difference between revisions of "Celebrities"
Jump to navigation Jump to search
IanPhoenix (talk | contribs)
(→Grand Theft Auto V: +Newly mentioned celebrities)
Ghost Leader (talk | contribs)
(→Grand Theft Auto V)
|Line 51:
|Line 51:
*[[Jock Cranley]] is former actor and Republican candidate for governor of [[San Andreas in GTA V|San Andreas]].
*[[Jock Cranley]] is former actor and Republican candidate for governor of [[San Andreas in GTA V|San Andreas]].
*[[Pamela Drake]] is an actress.
*[[Pamela Drake]] is an actress.
|Line 58:
|Line 60:
*[[MC Clip]] is a rapper.
*[[MC Clip]] is a rapper.
*Poppy Mitchell
*Poppy Mitchell, from GTA IV.
Revision as of 17:00, 24 September 2013
Celebrities are featured in every Grand Theft Auto game released. Sometimes celebrities will feature in side missions or acual missions themselves' usually as a mission giver or random appearance. A lot of celebrities are revealed through the Television in the Grand Theft Auto IV Era.
Grand Theft Auto Vice City
- Steve Scott is a famous porn director.
- Love Fist was a popular rock band back in the mid to late 1980's, they were notorious for living on the edge and their sexual exploits.
- Candy Suxxx was a beloved adult-film actress back in the 70's and 80's and was one of the porn industry's most successful entrepreneurs, she is now a teacher.
Grand Theft Auto San Andreas
- Madd Dogg is a successful gangsta rapper from Los Santos back in the 1990's. He resides in a lavish mega-mansion in Mulholland.
- Alan Crawford is a famous manager of Madd Dogg.
Grand Theft Auto Vice City Stories
- Phil Collins appears in the game as himself.
Grand Theft Auto IV, The Lost and Damned, and The Ballad of Gay Tony
- Joe Lawton is the United States President, his father was also President.
- Julio Ochoa is the Mayor of Liberty City.
- Bryce Dawkins is the Deputy Mayor of Liberty City but he resides in Alderney.
- Charles Martin is an Alderney Senator.
- Samantha Muldoon is a famous pop singer existing in the GTA IV universe, she is the adoptive mother of 12 African babies and was married to billionaire hedge fund manager Kirk Simplex.
- January Natasha Vasquez is a Liberty City socialite and daughter of a Mexican millionaire drug lord, she is believed to suffer from a heavy cocaine addiction.
- Jill Von Crastenburg is the 13 year old heiress to her family's enormous investment banking fortune and a leading figure on the Liberty City party circuit. She is thought to have been featured in a infamous sex tape and is believed by most to have multiple STDs.
- Clay Jackson is a famous gangster rapper in The Ballad of Gay Tony. He is seen in person during the Club Management side missions, in which Luis Lopez is tasked with going to Hercules, rescuing Clay and his boyfriend Jacob (hiding from paparazzi inside his tinted PMP 600), and driving them back to the Majestic Hotel.
- Kerry McIntosh is a 23 year old supermodel with a history of drug and alcohol abuse. In The Ballad of Gay Tony, during one Club Management session, Luis has to drive to Bohan to the Iron Belly Deli to pick up a take-out order and return the food to Hercules for Ms. McIntosh.
- Al Di Napoli is an Italian-American actor. He is picked up by Luis in the Club Management side-mission.
- The Blue Brothers are a duo of 18-year-old pop singers in Liberty City consisting of twin brothers Billy and Bobby Blue. They are featured in The Ballad of Gay Tony where Luis Lopez is requested to pick them up from the MeTV building and drive to Maisonette 9, whilst being chased by obsessed female fans.
- Bruce Spade is a movie actor in The Ballad of Gay Tony. He is claimed to be the biggest movie star in America.
- Chris Hunt is an action star who is allegedly gay.
- Cloe Parker is a world-famous 24 year old celebutante best known for her extravagant spending and a lifestyle of excess, her father the mysterious Mr. Parker who caters to his daughter's every desire and is said to be worth 950 billion dollars.
- Poppy Mitchell is a adored former child-actress who frequents Liberty City hotspots and is very sexually promiscuous.
Grand Theft Auto V
- Miranda Cowan is an actress.
- Jock Cranley is former actor and Republican candidate for governor of San Andreas.
- Sue Murry is Jock Cranley's rival in the gubernatorial race.
- Pamela Drake is an actress.
- Lacy Jonas is an actress and Poppy Mitchell's rival.
- MC Clip is a rapper.
- A poster of Madd Dogg can be seen on the wall of the bedroom in Franklin's first safehouse.
- Lazlow makes his on-screen debut as the host of Fame or Shame, a talent competition reality show.
- Poppy Mitchell, Al Di Napoli, Tyler Dixon, and Kerry McIntosh return from GTA IV.


text:
Original URL: https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/10/20/google_android_3_on_track/
Google Android 3.0 on track for New Year tablet launches
iPad Xmas
Posted in Personal Tech, 20th October 2010 09:57 GMT
Google has told hardware and software developers to expect Android 3.0 in December.
So say moles from within Taiwan's hardware manufacturing community, according to a report from local newssite DigiTimes.
It was always believed that Android 3.0 would ship to developers in December, paving the way for sample hardware in the same month and product launches in January. However, Google's announcement shows that that timetable is to be met.
Android 3.0 - aka Gingerbread - is expected to bring a host of tablet-centric capabilities to the Google smartphone OS, and a fair few tablet makers have been patiently waiting for the arrival of the new version before the ship their iPad rivals.
Acer is one of them, and LG recently stated publicly that it doesn't want to release its tablet until Gingerbread is ready. Android 2.2 - the version used by, for example, Samsung's Galaxy Tab, which ships on 1 November - is not suitable for tablets, it said.
It seems likely that other firms, such as Asus, Toshiba, HTC, Lenovo and Motorola, will also hold back releases until early 2011.
Expect January's Las Vegas Consumer Electronics Show (CES) to play host to many Android 3.0 launch announcements. ®


text:
Spreadsheet Tools
The details of how to use the following list of tools in Microsoft Excel are described in the links below. An earlier version of many of these instructions appears in Cahill and Kosicki (2000).
Jump to: Specialized functions | Fill data series | Generating tables of data | Statistical tools | Numerically solving simultaneous equations |Optimization | Matrix algebra operations
Instructions are given below for Office 2007 and earlier versions. Unfortunately, the various versions of Excel have slight differences in how some commands are found and executed; however, the instructions below should guide the user through most versions. More instructions on how to use Excel can be found on the What is Excel page of Mathematics and Statistical Models. This site contains examples and links to understanding the basics of Excel. Instructions for several Excel features are embedded in assignments on Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum examples.
Specialized functionsExcel provides a wide variety of built-in formulas for completing a number of computations. Aside from a wide array of standard statistical, financial, and mathematical functions, Excel has a number of logical operators, database management tools, and formulas for making time calculations.
To access functions in Excel, simply click on the fx button next to the formula bar at the top of the screen as shown on the right (click to enlarge). A search window is then opened to find the function the user desires; searches can be conducted in plain English or for a particular function (e.g. "standard deviation" or "STDEV"). Once the function is selected, a series of windows brings the user through a step-by-step process to set up the function correctly.
Back to top
FillSpreadsheet programs contain a feature that will allow a column or row of numbers to be automatically generated. In Excel, this command can be used to create data with linear or growth characteristics or may be used to estimate the trend series of existing data.
To use this function, click on the starting cell or select the column or row in which the data are to appear. For example, if a series of numbers reflecting a certain pattern or growth rate are to be created, insert a starting value, then select that starting value cell and the cells in which the created data is to appear. If Fill is to be used to estimate a trend, select the data to be analyzed. (Hint - keep a clean copy of the original data, because Excel will copy over the original data with the estimated trend.) To implement the command, in Excel 2007 and later, click on the Fill icon near the right side of the Home tab in the Edit block (see top image on the right). In earlier versions of Excel, select Fill... from the Edit menu. Select "Series...".
Back to top
Data tablesData tables in Excel may be used to automatically create an array of data from three-variable equations. The table is set up so that values for two independent variables are entered on the edges, and the middle of the table contains the data for the dependent variable. This is useful for creating diagrams, including three-dimensional charts which can be easily rotated to different orientations with the mouse.
This command is accessed in Excel 2007 by selecting the "Data" tab, then clicking on the "What-If Analysis" icon in the "Data Tools" group and choosing "Data table" as in the image to the right. This "data table" is different from the standard "Table" under the "Insert" tab, which is useful for filtering numbers. In earlier versions of Excel, data tables are inserted under "Data" menu.
Excel's data table command can generate the underlying data for a three dimensional plot based on a formula. To use the data table command, it is necessary to manually form a table of cells where the top row is the range of x values over which the 3D function is to be evaluated, and the left hand column represents the range of y values. The cells in the middle of the table will contain the value assigned to each combination of x and y (i.e. the z axis).
The Data/Table command requires that somewhere on the worksheet there must be starting values for x and y. Using references to the cells containing the starting values, type the function into the corner of the table. Then, the entire table of cells must be selected. Implementing the Data/Table command spreads the formula throughout the empty cells of the selected table by systematically replacing the starting value of x by each of the x values residing in the first row of the matrix. Similarly, Excel systematically replaces the starting y value with each of the y values residing in the first column of the table. On the helper pop-up window, the x values in this case are the "row input" and the y values are the "column input." To implement the Data Table command, type the cell addresses associated with the starting values for the row and column inputs into the Data/Table window.
Unfortunately, the Chart Wizard cannot plot this block of data unless the upper left corner cell is deleted. To make this deletion in a way that will not inhibit additional simulations, copy the data and paste it to another location on the worksheet using the Paste Special/Paste Link command. The Paste Link option appears under Paste Special in the Home tab (or in the under Paste Special... in the Edit menu of earlier versions of Excel). The Paste Link command will create a new table in which each cell contains a formula that sets the cell equal to its counterpart cell in the original table. Delete the cell in the upper left corner of this duplicate table, and then select the entire table to plot it.
Once the data are selected, use the Surface Chart option of Excel's Chart Wizard (use the Insert/Chart command for earlier versions of Excel) to construct a plot. Selecting the first option in the Chart sub-type gives a multi-color, three-dimensional look at the utility function. Different colors or shadings denote combinations of x and y falling into certain value ranges. To view the graph at different angles, click and drag on a corner of the graph or adjust the settings in the Chart/3-D View window. (Once the Chart Wizard is completed and the 3-D surface chart appears, it is necessary to make a minor adjustment to the way in which the x-axis is constructed. Select (click on) the x-axis and then choose the Format/Selected Axis command. Look under the Scale tab of the Format Axis window and remove the check mark from the "Value (Z) axis crosses between categories" option.)
Back to top
Statistical toolsExcel has a number of built-in statistical tools that are useful in a variety of situations. An option in scatter plot charts of data allows a regression (trend) line to be plotted and the equation and R-squared value to be displayed. Basic ordinary least squares linear regressions are straightforward to compute, as are a variety of hypothesis test statistics and analyses of distribution functions.
The simplest regression can be completed with the Fill command. The fitted values for a simple one variable (trend) regression is produced by selecting the data, accessing the Fill command (as described above) and checking the trend option. See the image on the right (click to enlarge).
Back to top
Solving simultaneous equationsMany users have been frustrated by the "cannot resolve circular references" error message Excel returns when two formulas refer to each other. However, an option in Excel allows the user to resolve these circular references by solving the equations through a numerical method. This allows a fairly large system of equations to be solved numerically.
A system of simultaneous equations may be numerically solved in Excel by entering the right-hand side of formulas into cells assigned to the left-hand variables. For example, to program the equation y=2x, the user assigns a cell to the variable y, and types "=2*[x variable cell address]". Then an equation for x is similarly entered in the cell designated for the xvariable referring to the y variable cell.
Because the formulas refer to each other this generates a "circular reference" error in Excel. To resolve this error and allow Excel to solve the system numerically, click on the Office button, and select Excel Options. Choose Formulas, and then check "Enable iterative calculation". A maximum number of iterations may be entered along with the required precision level ("maximum change"). See image to the right.
When setting up a model, be sure the system has only one solution; the numerical method used by Excel will find the solution that is closest to the starting value. Occasionally for complex systems, the algorithm for Excel will fail to find the solution if the starting value is too far from the final answer, so it is good practice to enter the approximate solution into one of the cells before entering the formula. Likewise, if a comparative static analysis is conducted, care must be taken not to change parameter values too much.
There are a number of other methods to solve systems of equations in Excel. For example, the right side of an equation may be entered into one cell, the left side in another, and a third cell used to calculate the difference in values between the two. Or, two equations written in terms of the same left-hand variable may be entered into separate cells with a third cell to calculate the difference in values (and additional cells to house values for the variables). In either of these cases, Goal Seek or the Solver (see below) may be used to set the difference cell equal to zero thus solving the system.
Back to top
OptimizationThe Solver Add-in for Excel allows Excel to find an optimal solution for a system of formulas programmed in a spreadsheet. Specifically, Solver can be directed to find the minimum value, maximum value, or any specific value for a formula cell by changing the value(s) in other specified cells(s). This tool also allows for constraints to be set, including those that specify algebraic relationships, integer values, positive or negative values, etc. Goal Seek is a simpler tool that will find a particular value for a cell by changing one other cell's value without any constraints.
Solver is a powerful tool to find a constrained optimal solution. When setting up a system to use Solver, it is important that cells be set aside to contain parameter values and for for the objective function formulas refer to these cells. Once the system is set up, it is easiest to click on the objective cell, and then select Solver from the Data tab on Excel 2007 as on the image to the right (click to enlarge). (In earlier versions of Excel, the Solver is an Add-In that appears under the Tools menu once it is installed through "Tools/Add Ins...") A pop-up window then allows a desired optimum to be selected or value to be entered. Other spaces are provided to specify the cells to be changed to achieve the optimum and to set constraints. Constraints may be equality, inequality, integer, or binary.
Like Solver, Goal Seek can be used to obtain particular values of a formula cell by changing another cell that includes relevant data. In Excel 2007, from the "Data" tab, click "Data Tools", the "What-If Analysis" icon, and then "Goal Seek" as in the image on the right (click to enlarge). (In earlier versions of Excel, Goal Seek is under the Tools menu.) The pop-up window allows the user to input the objective cell address (which must contain a formula), the target value, and another cell address with data that can be changed to impact the objective. Goal seek does not allow optimal solutions or constraints.
Back to top
Matrix AlgebraExcel can manipulate data as vectors or matrices and can compute some basic matrix operations. This is sometimes useful when presenting more advanced topics in mathematics or statistics.
Excel can manipulate data as vectors or matrices. This is sometimes useful when presenting more advanced topics in mathematics or statistics. Matrix functions native to Excel are matrix multiplication (MMULT), inverting a matrix (MINVERSE) and finding the determinant of a matrix (MDETERM). The fx function wizard can guide the user through setting up each operation, but creating the final matrix result is not intuitive. To accomplish this, enter the matrix operation in the top left-hand corner of the block of cells that is to contain the matrix operation result. Then, select all the cells in this block. Press F2, then Ctrl-Shift-Enter to fill the matrix with the result.
Back to top


text:
A former Dallas police officer was sentenced Monday to nearly four years in federal prison for defrauding Crime Stoppers of at least $250,000 in the years that she oversaw the popular cash-for-tips program.
U.S. District Judge David Godbey called Theadora Ross' crime an "outrageous betrayal of the public trust" in handing down a 46-month sentence. The judge said he likely would have given her a harsher sentence if not for the fact that she has an adult daughter with Down syndrome and other health problems who relies on her for care.
But Godbey said it appeared Ross was motivated by greed and not concern for her daughter.
"This went on for years, and she recruited other people to help her in this criminal enterprise," Godbey said. "I wonder if she thought about what would happen to her daughter if she got caught."


text:
[QUOTE=steelz09;533194]I don't and I don't even think it's close.[/QUOTE]
Ben is a extend the play draw it up in the dirt passer. Prior to this year that was his game. Leftwich has been a pocket passer his whole career. He sees the field much quicker than Ben. Hes just slow and goofy. Terrible athlete. Remember that TD run Lefty had vs the Browns in 08? He almost fell on his face before running in. The whole bench was laughing at how goofy he looked haha ha


text:
David Savastano, Ink World Editor06.01.06
(Photo courtesy of Sartomer.)
Like their customers in the ink industry, they have become more efficient and also have raised prices. There has also been movement in terms of consolidation, as Hexion Specialty Chemicals and BASF have made moves to acquire Akzo Nobel Ink and Adhesive Resins and Johnson Polymer, respectively.
Yet, for the most part, resin manufacturers had a good year in 2005, as the general economy showed improvement.
"In general, Noveon did well in 2005," said Carol Durgan, tactical marketing manager, resins and polymers for Noveon, Inc. "The small- and medium-sized ink companies are gaining business and getting stronger in the marketplace. We have several new products and look forward to another successful year in 2006."
"The continued business expansion had a positive impact on Sartomer in 2005," said Paul Elias, business director of specialty products, Sartomer Company. "The industry in general continued to grow as the economy has been healthy – both domestically and internationally. The continued improvement in the economy covers all sectors that we service. So far, this trend has continued into 2006 and will likely continue through the year."
"While 2005 was indeed a difficult year for the resin industry, Rohm and Haas was successful in meeting the challenges we faced and had moderate growth in our business," said Holly Anderson, marketing manager graphic arts, North America for Rohm and Haas Company. She added that this year has started out strong, and Rohm & Haas is optimistic that the trend will continue throughout 2006.
"In 2005, we saw a transition in the marketplace from raw materials being unavailable to a state of leveling out or normalization," said Michael Kucharski, market manager – graphics, Americas at Cytec. "Business-wise, we were able to grow as did the graphics industry. In 2006, we are focused on developing new and innovative technologies for our customers, and improving our processes and efficiencies."
Raw material prices did have an impact on the margins of resin manufacturers.
"Last year, Hexion experienced modest organic growth but struggled with margin compression due to raw material volatility," said Phil Runge, product manager, resins, publication offset, additives for Hexion Specialty Chemicals. "The single largest issue currently facing the resin industry is inconsistent availability of key materials and their corresponding cost increases.
Mr. Runge noted that while crude oil is having a major impact on the petrochemical industry, tall oil rosin and gum rosin are of greater concern.
"More critical issues from our perspective are the cost increases and shortages of tall oil rosin and gum rosin that are partially driven by increased energy costs," Mr. Runge said. "These factors, as well as the impact of the 2005 hurricane season, have led to a challenging and volatile business environment for the resin industry."
Rick Krause, director of marketing for Johnson Polymer, said his company is seeing similar results.
"Johnson Polymer's experience has mirrored much of the industry: volumes are growing, sales dollars are growing, but due to raw material increases there is ongoing pressure on profitability," said Mr. Krause. "The ramifications continue throughout our industry with company consolidations, restructurings and manufacturing and service center closures. So far in 2006, volumes have been growing steadily with ongoing steadiness in package printing and surprising resiliency in commercial printing. While printing and converting activity has been very solid, continually increasing raw material costs across all commodity groups have affected everyone's profitability."
Resin makers are seeing a wide variety of trends in the industry, particularly in the area of cost effectiveness and developing products that help in this area.
"Most of the major industry organizations predict mild growth for the printing industry," Mr. Runge said. "Reduced material cost and press performance issues leading to reduced printing costs continue to be our single biggest challenge from ink makers. Our product offerings have been more to the value-added vehicle market than the resin market," such as Hexion's Mono-Lith sheetfed vehicle.
Mr. Krause noted that cost effectiveness with value-in-use performance is a particularly high priority in today's business environment.
"Consolidation and cost containment initiatives are highly apparent," Ms. Anderson said. "We also see a drive to demonstrate the value in performance achievable with new technologies," such as Rohm and Haas'' neutral pH resin chemistry.
Challenges Ahead
Resin manufacturers are facing a wide range of challenges in the coming year, beginning with pricing.
"Feedstock costs and ongoing pressure on profitability continue to challenge the polymer and resin industry," Mr. Krause said. "Everyone within the graphic arts marketplace is faced with similar challenges. Cost effectiveness and delivering end-user value in partnership with our customers will continue to be critical to our mutual success. All companies need to seek adequate reinvestment levels to ensure ongoing sustainability in the ink industry."
"Continued pressure on raw material prices will be a difficult challenge for the industry," Ms. Durgan said. "We are trying to keep our raw material costs in-line."
"Everyone in the industry is experiencing major step changes in the cost of raw materials," Mr. Kucharski said. "We see this trend continuing. The challenges, then, will be managing raw material costs while running operations safely and more efficiently, and managing profitability while investing in R&D, manufacturing, and new growth opportunities."
"Our greatest challenge is to provide a sustainable return on investment for our stakeholders," Mr. Runge said. "If the resin industry cannot access capital for improvements or pay for new technologies, the industry as a whole will degrade until domestic production is less competitive."
"We have dealt with the current economic pressures through both internal efficiencies, cost reductions and optimizing value in use for our products and services," Mr. Runge added.
Ms. Anderson said that managing raw material costs and maintaining uninterrupted supply caused by geopolitical events is a challenge.
"Our MRP II Class A certified supply chain is unsurpassed in excellence and the planning, preparation and training that occurs enables coordinated responses to changing events," Ms. Anderson said. "For the graphic arts market, we continue to look to areas where our current technology and developing technologies in other businesses can support performance improvements and provide cost-in-use value savings for our customers."
Creating new products is also of tremendous importance.
"Developing new products that give better performance properties is an ongoing challenge not only for us but also for the entire industry," Mr. Elias said. "Sartomer has been a leader in developing new products. At the RadTech conference last month, Sartomer introduced 26 new products to the UV/EB world. These products were well received and are expected to be commercially successful. In addition, protecting the propriety of new products is an even greater challenge, particularly with all the Asian producers trying to copy American technology."
"In the face of overcapacity and pricing pressures in the ink market, it is always a challenge to continue to provide innovative products that bring value to both parties," Ms. Anderson added.
"We are working with our customers to develop the new technologies and fresh solutions they need for their next-gen applications," Mr. Kucharski said. "At the same time, we are enhancing our global manufacturing capabilities, R&D and technical support. And, we are working with our suppliers to optimize and ensure safety, supply, transportation and on-time delivery."
The recent announcement that BASF intends to purchase Johnson Polymer will undoubtedly impact the global resin industry.
"We're excited by the prospect to be part of a world-class organization that understands the chemical industry and is willing to invest in the growth of our business," Mr. Krause said. "We intend to access the depth of BASF's breadth and new technology for our graphic arts customers, and build upon the Joncryl product line. BASF is committed to continued manufacturing in Racine for the next three years and is planning for a smooth and seamless transition. They will also provide additional access to raw material sourcing and supply chain integration. Our two organizations expect to learn much from each other and perform together to better serve our customers in the future."
Ultimately, how resin manufacturers adapt to the challenges facing them while continuing to create new technologies will be critical to their future viability.
Concerns Continue Over Raw Material Costs, Pricing Pressure
The latter part of 2005 was a difficult time for resin manufacturers. Petrochemical prices were continuing upward, and hurricanes had disrupted supplies. While supply concerns have stabilized this year, petrochemicals remain a serious concern.
"After a rocky start last year and the impact of two violent hurricanes, raw material availability and costs have finally settled – somewhat," said Paul Elias, business director of specialty products, Sartomer Company. "I say somewhat because we are still experiencing some spot tightness in a few products and continued upward pressure on costs. But overall, the situation is much better now than during the past two years when we experienced tremendous volatility in the market for raw materials. Having said that, we still believe the impact of $75/barrel oil will put more upward pressure on costs."
"Raw material availability continues to look healthy," said Rick Krause, director of marketing for Johnson Polymer. "Absent another natural disaster or oil supply shock, we've seen some stability return in pricing levels, albeit at a much higher level than the last 18 to 24 months. How long this stability will last depends upon oil and natural gas pricing; sustained levels of about $70/barrel will definitely add to transportation costs, energy costs and petrochemical feedstock costs. Pigment costs, solvent costs, monomer costs, surfactant costs and general energy and transportation costs will continue to face higher feedstock cost pressures."
"We think we will see more stability in raw materials this year," said Carol Durgan, tactical marketing manager, resins and polymers for Noveon, Inc. "Our supply of raw materials is stable for 2006."
Increasing demand for petrochemicals and its deriviatives is impacting supply.
"We see increased volatility in crude oil and its downstream derivatives, especially propylene, which can drive cost pressures on key raw materials," said Michael Kucharski, market manager – graphics, Americas at Cytec. "Overall, the supply we purchase has improved since 2004. Through Cytec's global procurement network, we are able to acquire the materials we need to continue growing our business."
"There has been some stability in certain raw materials over the last several months, but surges in oil prices and large swings in supply and demand for specific petrochemicals remain issues that must be closely monitored," said Holly Anderson, marketing manager graphic arts, North America for Rohm and Haas Company. "The growing demand from China and India has put strains on the supply of key feedstocks. New capacity is being developed in Asia and the Middle East which should help mitigate the ongoing growth in demand."
"We have sustained significant increases in nearly all materials," said Phil Runge, product manager, resins, publication offset, additives for Hexion Specialty Chemicals. "We are currently experiencing market tightness in a number of critical raw materials that may impact our ability to assure supply. The market has demonstrated an inability to accurately predict raw material movements for the past 18 months and as such Hexion's current course of action is to focus our attention on flexibility rather than forecasting."
Passing Along Costs
Despite the challenges from higher prices, resin manufacturers have had to take into account the state of the ink industry when factoring in their own price increases.
"Where possible and appropriate, we have asked our customers to share in the increased material costs," Mr. Runge said. "Many of them have been responsive but the business challenges they face are extremely difficult as well."
"Given the magnitude and suddenness of raw material, transportation and energy cost increases in 2004 and 2005, we have been able to recover only a portion of these cost increases," Mr. Krause said. "We have shared this burden with our customers, yet there is little, if any, latitude for absorbing any additional increases."
"Our goal has been to improve our internal cost factors first, and pass along any cost increases only if it's necessary to help ensure long-term profitability and finance new capabilities," Mr. Kucharski said.
Arez International Announces Phase II Expansion
The Phase II expansion of Arez International's rosin resin plant is expected to be completed in October.
Groundbreaking for the expansion took place in March 2006, and is expected to be completed by October 2006. Upon completion, Arez International will have an annual capacity of 55 million pounds of rosin resins.
Phase III, the final phase leading to a total rosin/hydrocarbon resin capacity of 90 million pounds, is scheduled for groundbreaking in early 2007.
New Resin Products
The following listing includes resin products introduced to the printing ink industry in the past year.
Arizona Chemical Company
4600 Touchton Road East
Building 100, Suite 1500
Jacksonville, FL 32246
Phone: (904) 928-8700
Web: www.arizonachemical.com
New Products:
• Sylvaprint 77-45
Comments: Sylvaprint 77-45 is an aliphatically tolerant, low viscosity rosin modified phenolic designed for dry grinding, pigment flushing or co-resin applications. The resin offers fast set times and oxidative dry rates in sheetfed systems.
Comments: SI 447-59 is an aliphatically tolerant, gel reactive, mid-viscosity rosin modified phenolic that can be used for either dry grinding, flushing or gel vehicle construction.
• Sylvaprint HSR
Comments: SI 321-151 and SI 407-6, along with Sylvaprint HSR 96-150, make up a family of aliphatically intolerant resins that all use Sylvaprint HSR (Heat Stable Rheology) chemistry. Their unique relationship between viscosity and elasticity allow them to readily be formulated into high solids systems with or without gelling agents offering fast set times, good oxidative dry rates and excellent film properties.
• Sylvaprint 85-155 and Sylvaprint 98-155
Comments: Sylvaprint 85-155 and Sylvaprint 98-155 are aliphatically intolerant rosin modified phenolics of very high viscosity offering formulation latitude in conjunction with economical co-resins or oils.
Cytec Industries
1950 Lake Park Drive
Smyrna, GA 30080
Phone: (678) 255-4685
Web: www.cytec.com
New Products:
• LEO resins
Comments: LEO resins address environmental requirements in Europe for indirect food contact. They have very low odor and extractables, and are also being brought into the North American market.
• Ebecryl 846 and 848
Comments: Ebecryl 846 and 848 are ideal for high-speed sheetfed presses, with 848 developed specifically to provide good carbon black pigment dispersions and for printing on plastics.
• Viaset 211 and 212
Comments: Viaset 211 and 212 are ideal in combination for sheetfed inks for credit card and smart card applications, with especially good adhesion.
• Viaset 240, 341, 325, 520 and 521
Comments: Viaset 240 is very good for laminating inks, another growing technology. Viaset 341 is a new silicone-free anti-slip additive, and Viaset 325 is an acrylated adhesion promoter. Viaset 520 and 521 are ideal for UV screen printing.
DSM NeoResins
Sluisweg 12
P.O. Box 123
5140 AC Waalwijk
The Netherlands
Phone: +31 416 689631
Fax: +31 416 689922
Web: www.dsmneoresins.com
New Products:
• NeoCryl A-2061
Comments: NeoCryl A-2061 is an acrylic styrene emulsion for use in the overprint varnishes and liquid inks. This resin shows excellent printability and transparency offering high gloss, hard and block resistance films. NeoCryl A-2061 is free of glycol ethers and therefore suitable to formulate low odor and low VOC printing inks and OPVs.
• NeoCryl A-2082
Comments: NeoCryl A-2082 is a new acrylic styrene copolymer dispersion for matte overprint varnishes, flexo and gravure inks. This resin combines good printability with a strong matting effect, good transparency and block resistance.
The product can be used as the main resin in the overprint varnish formulation but can also be used as a gloss reducing additive.
• NeoCryl B-859
Comments: NeoCryl B-859 is a solid acrylic polymer that can be used in 2-component systems. This flexible resin has an excellent adhesion on aluminum and shows good retort resistances. NeoCryl B-859 is recommended for heat resistance primers on aluminum and gravure inks which requires high resistance properties.
• NeoRez U-321
Comments: NeoRez U-321 is a high solid non-reactive solvent-based urethane resin for use in flexo and gravure inks for packaging. The resin improves adhesion and flexibility in flexo printing inks based on nitro-cellulose. NeoRez U-321 is used to formulate solvent-based flexo and gravure inks for packaging films, especially on polyolefins and aluminum. Inks based on this resin are recommended for surface printing as well as laminating applications.
• NeoRez U-394
Comments: NeoRez U-394 is a non- reactive, flexible urethane resin. This resin shows excellent adhesion on polyolefins and other films and foils and heat, fat and grease resistances. Inks based on NeoRez U-394 can be used for both surface printing as well as laminating inks.
• NeoRez U-397
Comments: NeoRez U-397 is a non- reactive solvent-based urethane resin. The resin forms a flexible film with elastomeric properties without blocking tendency. NeoRez U-397 is recommended for use in flexo and gravure lamination inks and can be used for pigment grinding in combinations with a pigment wetting additive.
• NeoRez U-399
Comments: NeoRez U-399 is a high solid non-reactive solvent-based urethane resin. The product forms a film with elastomeric properties and is recommended in flexo and gravure printing ink formulations on a wide variety of substrates.
• NeoRez R-1010
Comments: NeoRez R-1010 is a waterborne aliphatic urethane dispersion offering a unique combination of "soft feel" and low gloss. This resin is highly suitable for effect coatings in luxury packaging applications. Through crosslinking good chemical resistances can be obtained.
• NeoPac E-200
NeoPac E-200 is a highly reversible aliphatic urethane/acrylic dispersion for use in waterborne laminating inks. This resin provides excellent printability, good adhesion properties and high bond strengths in a wide range of packaging film laminates.
• NeoCryl A-2090
• NeoCryl A-2091
• NeoCryl A-2092
• NeoCryl A-2095
• NeoCryl A-2099
Comments: DSM NeoResins introduced the NeoCryl A-2090 family, new generation waterborne resins for use in liquid inks and overprint varnishes. These resins were developed in close cooperation with leading specialists in the field of food contact regulations, with the result that the products have broad approvals according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European legislation for food packaging materials. They are food contact compliant, low residual free monomer and low odor.
The NeoCryl A-2090 family offers high performing inks and OPVs which are compliant with the local food contact legislation.
NeoCryl A-2091 is a hard acrylic-styrene emulsion copolymer with high gloss, transparency, good block and heat resistance for pre- and post-print applications.
NeoCryl A-2092 is an acrylic-styrene emulsion with good toughness and flexibility for grease, fat and water resistant applications. It is a film-forming modifier for A-2091. NeoCryl A-2095 is an acrylic-styrene emulsion with excellent film formation, flexibility and adhesion to films and foil substrate.
NeoCryl A-2099 is an acrylic-styrene emulsion co-polymer of medium hardness, offering high gloss, transparency with excellent water and grease resistance.
Johnson Polymer
8310 16th St.
Sturtevant WI 53177-0902
Phone: (800) 231-7868 Fax: (262) 437-3266
Web: www.johnsonpolymer.com
New Products:
• Joncryl HR 1687
Comments: Joncryl HR 1687 is a high performance hot mar resistant emulsion for inks and overprint varnishes. Joncryl HR 1687 provides excellent hot mar and scuff resistance for pre-print corrugated applications with very good gloss, heat resistance, and high slide angle, all without metallic crosslinkers.
• Joncryl 2037
Comments: Joncryl 2037 is an improved alkaline resistant non-film forming acrylic emulsion. Joncryl 2037 combines improved chemical resistance with on-press resolubility; provides resistance to household cleaners and alkaline solutions; cleans up easily with very good press resolubility; and is compatible with a wide range of coalescing solvents.
• Joncryl 2664
Comments: Joncryl 2664 is a film forming acrylic emulsion for high quality, fine line anilox flexo printing. Joncryl 2664 enables the formulation of high color strength inks for high quality flexo printing; achieves low viscosity inks with up to 25% pigment loads for fine line anilox rolls exceeding 800 lines per inch and under 2.0 BCM volumes; and provides viscosity stability, transfer, adhesion, and gloss suitable for paper, film and foil substrates.
• Joncryl HPD 296
Comments: Joncryl HPD 296 is a high performance dispersion resin solution that enables stable, high solids, low viscosity pigment dispersions. Use of Joncryl HPD 296 allows for 40% or higher organic pigmented dispersions; improves shock and storage stability to reduce waste; enables high strength, low viscosity inks for fine line anilox printing; and improves milling efficiency and throughput.
• Joncryl FLX 5000
Comments: Joncryl FLX 5000 is a self-crosslinking emulsion with excellent press resolubility that rivals solvent-based ink performance on polyethylene film. Joncryl FLX 5000 develops excellent rub, wet crinkle, and deep freeze resistance; provides excellent adhesion to polyolefin films; and provides a cost-effective and environmentally-compliant alternative to solvent-based inks.
Noveon, Inc.
9911 Brecksville Road
Cleveland, OH 44141
Phone: (216) 447-5000
Fax: (216) 447-5238
Web: www.noveoncoatings.com
New Products:
• Carboset XPD-2781
Comments: Carboset XPD-2781 is a styrenated acrylic emulsion designed to impart inks with improved transfer properties and hiding power when used on paper substrates. Its use in packaging (corrugated, bags and cups) and news inks results in more intense and brighter colors.
• Carboset GA-2832
Comments: Carboset GA-2832 is an acrylic emulsion designed for use in printing inks and overprint varnishes. This product is a hard film-forming polymer emulsion with low-residual monomers and by-products, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring low-odor transmission to the packaged good.
• Carboset GA-2851
Comments: Carboset GA-2851 is a high-gloss styrene acrylic emulsion for use in inks and overprint varnish, which can be applied via flexo or gravure processes. It exhibits excellent gloss, flow and leveling, resolubility and very good holdout.
• Carboset GA-2866
Comments: Carboset GA-2866 is a high-gloss styrene acrylic emulsion used in inks and overprint varnishes, which can be applied by either flexo or gravure processes. It exhibits excellent gloss, fast dry and very good holdout. This polymer also exhibits improved compatibility with coalescents, plasticizers and other co-solvents as compared to other hard emulsions.


text:
38 U.S. Code § 1983 - Settlements for minors or incompetents
When an optional mode of settlement of National Service Life Insurance or United States Government life insurance heretofore or hereafter matured is available to a beneficiary who is a minor or incompetent, such option may be exercised by such beneficiary's fiduciary, person qualified under the Act of February 25, 1933 (25 U.S.C. 14), or person recognized by the Secretary as having custody of the person or the estate of such beneficiary, and the obligation of the United States under the insurance contract shall be fully satisfied by payment of benefits in accordance with the mode of settlement so selected.
1991—Pub. L. 102–83 renumbered section 783 of this title as this section and substituted "Secretary" for "Administrator".
Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "the Act of February 25, 1933 (25 U.S.C. 14)" for "section 14 of title 25".
1986—Pub. L. 99–576 substituted "such beneficiary's" for "his".
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
PENSACOLA, FL - The Navy's legendary Blue Angels are being grounded.
The Blue Angels had what could be their last practice of the year Thursday at Pensacola's Naval Air Station.
The daredevils are feeling the pinch of sequestration, mandatory federal budget cuts that took effect nearly a month ago.
Starting next Monday, the Blue Angels will be grounded.
They've been performing since 1946 to help the Navy with recruiting.
Now, the Navy must cut $4,000. Cancelling the Blue Angels regular season would save an estimated $20 million.
The Navy isn't alone. The Air Force puts on a similar show with the Thunderbirds. Sequestration has forced the Air Force to cancel the remaining 20 shows in this year's season.