text:
Study of Russian Air Pollution Sources and their Impact on
Composition in the Arctic, using the
TROICA railway carriage, data from Svalbard, and the
FLEXPART transport model
A joint project by the
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway, and the
Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Moscow, Russia,
proposed in
the framework of the Norwegian Cooperation Programme on Research and
Higher Education with Russia 2007-2010
1. Project summary
RAPSIFACT will interpret existing and conduct new measurements of greenhouse gases, gaseous air pollutants, and aerosols in Russia, which is the most important source region for Arctic air pollution. This has especially high relevance and is extremely urgent because climate change is proceeding the fastest in the Arctic, and reducing the emissions of short-lived pollutants in the source regions affecting the Arctic is probably the only feasible short-term strategy for slowing Arctic climate change (Quinn et al., 2007b). The proposal builds on the combination of a unique Russian measurement platform - the instrumented TROICA railway carriage -, data from several Russian air chemistry measurement stations, the FLEXPART Lagrangian tracer transport model, as well as measurements obtained at the Norwegian Zeppelin research station in Svalbard and other sites in northern Scandinavia. Three new TROICA missions will be conducted within the project, two of which will use the railroad from Kislovodsk to Murmansk, the country's only all-weather northern port and an Arctic pollution hot spot; the third trip will be along the Trans-Siberian railroad. The focus of the study using data from ten previous and three new missions will be on the measurements taken in air masses travelling across the Barents Sea into the Arctic. The data will be compared to measurements from Svalbard to assess the impact of Russian sources onto the Arctic. A sectoral focus will be on the oil and gas industry whose emissions in the Arctic are expected to grow considerably in the future.
The objectives of RAPSIFACT are to
- Strengthen relationships between Russian and Norwegian researchers in the field of the atmospheric and environmental sciences.
- Quantify emissions of greenhouse gases (especially methane) and air pollutants (especially black carbon and tropospheric ozone precursors) from the oil and gas industry, e.g., leakages from pipelines and freight trains, emissions from refineries and oil production sites.
- Compare the emissions from the oil industry with other emissions in Russia, including those from agricultural fires in western Russia and large-scale boreal forest fires in Siberia.
- Explore the frequency distributions of concentrations of greenhouse gases, gaseous air pollutants and aerosols in the atmosphere above Russia, especially in air masses moving across the Barents Sea and into the Arctic.
- Investigate the impact of the Russian emissions on the atmospheric composition observed in Svalbard. In particular, quantify the Russian contributions to the black carbon and ozone load.
- Explore Russian options for reducing black carbon and ozone concentrations in the Arctic.
2. Background
2.1 Trace gas and aerosol sources in Russia and their effects in the Arctic
Effects of air pollution in the Arctic. Even though early Arctic explorers had already noticed atmospheric haze and dirty deposits on the snow (Nordenskiöld, 1883; Garrett and Verzella, 2007), the remote Arctic atmosphere was long believed to be extremely clean. However, in the 1950s, pilots flying over the North American Arctic observed widespread haze (Mitchell, 1957) that could be seen every winter and early spring. It took until the 1970s for scientists to realize that the haze was air pollution transported from the middle latitudes (Barrie, 1986). The haze is due to aerosol particles, consisting of sulphate and particulate organic matter, with smaller amounts of ammonium, nitrate and black carbon (BC) (Quinn et al., 2007a), and is accompanied also by high levels of various gaseous pollutants (e.g., non-methane hydrocarbons) and toxic compounds (e.g., persistent organic pollutants). Deposition of haze particles leads to acidification problems, and some toxic compounds can accumulate in the Arctic food chain.
Recently, awareness has grown that air pollution also affects Arctic climate. Climate change is proceeding fastest in the Arctic, and while most of the predicted future change is due to long-lived greenhouse gases and feedback processes in the Arctic, it is likely that air pollution also has a warming effect on the Arctic (see review by Law and Stohl, 2007). Several processes all go into the same direction: BC aerosols are most effective in the Arctic in absorbing solar radiation because of the high reflectivity of the underlying snow and ice surface; deposition of BC on snow/ice reduces the surface albedo, potentially a particularly powerful effect leading to enhanced snow/ice melting (Hansen and Nazarenko, 2004); a recently discovered indirect effect of aerosols produces increased longwave emissivity of thin Arctic clouds, leading to surface warming (Garrett and Zhou, 2006); and ozone causes a larger radiative forcing in the Arctic than anywhere else (Shindell et al., 2006). These effects were recently discussed in a workshop in New York as reported by Quinn et al. (2007b). While the magnitude of these effects is highly uncertain, their combined impact on Arctic surface temperatures and snow/ice melting could be of a comparable magnitude as that of the current long-lived greenhouse gas forcing. Thus, reducing the emissions of BC and ozone precursors in the source regions influencing the Arctic could have an immediate beneficial effect on the Arctic climate. It might be the best (and perhaps the only feasible) short-term strategy to slow down climate change in the Arctic. On the other hand, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, while essential in the long term, would have no immediate effect on the Arctic climate because of their long lifetime.
The reductions in short-lived pollutants would be most effective if they were taken as soon as possible, before greenhouse gases completely dominate Arctic climate change. However, the poor understanding of the impact of short-lived pollutants on Arctic climate creates pressing research needs. In a scientific workshop following up the New York meeting, which will be organized by the co-ordinator of this proposal (see http://niflheim.nilu.no/spac), and in a related policy workshop, researchers and environmental policy experts from many countries will convene in Kjeller from 5-8 November 2007 to discuss these issues and work on finding a consensus for an optimum abatement strategy. Further workshops are also planned. RAPSIFACT will provide crucial input to this process, as it will study pollutants directly in the source region that is most influential for the Arctic and during the most relevant times of the year. It will also build bridges to Russian scientists who can advise the Russian government when it comes to planning actual emission reductions.
Russian air pollution sources. Relatively little information is available on the sources of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in the vast continental area covered by Russia. Trace gases and aerosols are emitted in Russia from anthropogenic (e.g., traffic and industry), natural (e.g., wetland emissions of methane), and mixed (e.g., biomass burning) sources. However, a reliable and accurate emission inventory is not available for any of these sources, and global inventories (e.g., the EDGAR inventory) are poorly constrained by observations in this area.
One large source of air pollution and greenhouse gases is the oil and gas industry. The annual pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions from "Gasprom" (Russian gas monopoly) activities alone totalled 2.35 million tons in 2005 (Fig. 1), of which methane was the dominant compound. Gasprom's annual emissions also show a growing trend due to their expanding actitivites (Gasprom Ecological Report, 2005). The emissions of nitrogen oxides (important precursors of tropospheric ozone) are growing particularly fast (by almost 6% from 2004 to 2005), due to the enhanced natural gas production. No information on BC emissions is available but they are likely to grow considerably, too.
Figure 1. Pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions (total 2.35 million tons) by the Russian gas monopoly Gasprom (taken from Gasprom Ecological Report, 2005).
Methane emissions in Russia are dominated by fluxes from swamps in summer (Zhuang et al., 2004) and emissions from the gas industry. It is reported that methane emissions from the gas industry are stable at about 1.5 million tons per year (Gasprom Ecological Report, 2005). However, important sources such as pipeline leakages are not properly assessed and missing from these statistics. TROICA campaigns have revealed considerable influence of emissions from the Western Siberian gas fields and industries on the atmospheric composition (Tarasova et al., 2007) and numerous cases of gas pipeline leakages have been found - an example is shown in Fig. 2. Although Gasprom invested substantially in its transportation system, gas leakages are still important. Oil and gas products are also transported by freight trains, and the volume of this freight traffic is growing fast (Russian Railway official website www.rzd.ru). TROICA observations have recorded many cases with increased concentrations of many pollutants (e.g., of non-methane hydrocarbons, a family of tropospheric ozone precursors) when the railway laboratory passed freight trains.
A particularly large source of air pollutants in Russia is biomass burning. Boreal forest fires in Siberia can emit huge amounts of BC and ozone precursors (Lavoué et al., 2000). Stohl (2006) has suggested that they are the single largest source of BC for the Arctic in the summer (when Arctic BC concentrations are relatively low, though), at least in years of strong burning. In western Russia, agricultural fires are set every spring and fall (Korontzi et al., 2006). In some years, they lead to ex-
Figure 2: Example of a gas leakage
detected when the TROICA platform crossed a pipeline. Note the spike
in the methane concentrations.
tremely poor air quality in large regions and for many weeks. In fall of 2002, for instance, the air quality in Moscow was the worst in many years because of agricultural fires burning around the city (Elansky et al., 2007). Plumes from these fires can be transported over hundreds to thousands of kilometers (Niemi et al., 2004). In spring 2006, new air pollution records (of ozone, carbon monoxide, BC, aerosol optical depth, etc.) were set at the Zeppelin station when such a fire plume was transported across Svalbard (Stohl et al., 2007). Photographs from before and during the episode show a dramatic decrease in visibility when the plume engulfed Svalbard (Fig. 3). Deposition of BC aerosols even led to a documented reduction of the surface albedo on a glacier in Svalbard during this episode (Stohl et al., 2007), and fire emissions also contributed substantially to other strong pollution events at Zeppelin (study in progress).
Figure 3: Photographs from the Zeppelin research station taken before (left) and during (right) the arrival of a smoke plume from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe (mainly Russia). Image courtesy of Ann-Christin Engvall.
Atmospheric composition monitoring data in Russia. Air quality monitoring data are available mainly from major cities, e.g., Moscow (Elansky et al., 2007), which are not representative of the larger-scale "background", and which are therefore difficult to interpret. Neither in the European part of the country, nor in Siberia east of the Ural mountain range, exists a monitoring network, from which reliable information on the atmospheric background concentration levels of greenhouse gases, aerosols and gaseous air pollutants could be obtained. The need for more high-quality atmospheric "background" composition data has produced several initiatives to establish platforms for providing this information. We will utilize the TROICA (Trans-Continental Observations into the Chemistry of the Atmosphere) instrumented railway carriage, a proven platform created a decade ago (Crutzen et al., 1998) that will be described below. Other initiatives are the U.S.-Russian collaboration to establish, within the next few years, an air chemistry laboratory in Tiksi at the mouth of the Lena River, or the French-Russian YAK-AEROSIB initiative to perform research flights over Russian territory. Russian scientists have also established a few stations with continuous monitoring of key compounds, and we will have access to data from three stations.
Relevance of Russian sources for air pollution levels in the Arctic. In most parts of the world, there are virtually no pollution sources north of 60°N. However, in Russia large sources can be found even north of the Arctic Circle, like the metal smelters in Norilsk and Nikel (AMAP, 2006), or Murmansk, the country's only all-weather northern port in the Barents Sea (Eglington et al., 1998). Even biomass burning occurs at high latitudes in Russia. Furthermore, high-latitude oil and gas drilling activities are expected to grow substantially during the next decades, and plans also exist for substantial offshore drilling in the Barents Sea. Furthermore, if the Arctic sea ice will disappear as a result of Arctic warming (Holland et al., 2006), ships will use the Northeast Passage more frequently, from which dramatic increases in Arctic ozone (Granier et al., 2006) and other pollutants are expected.
The prevailing meteorological conditions further enhance the relevance of Russian pollution sources, particulary during the Arctic haze season. Surfaces of constant potential temperature form closed domes over the Arctic, with minimum values in the Arctic boundary layer (Klonecki et al., 2003). This isolates the Arctic lower troposphere from the rest of the atmosphere by a transport barrier, the so-called Arctic front. Meteorologists realized that in order to facilitate isentropic transport, a pollution source region must have the same low potential temperatures as the Arctic haze layers (Iversen, 1984, Barrie, 1986). In Eurasia, the Arctic front can be located as far south as 40ºN on average in January (see Fig. 1 in Barrie, 1986), thus, connecting the atmosphere above Russia directly to the Arctic. Furthermore, Russia is on a preferred pathway into the polar dome that involves diabatic cooling of air travelling over snow-covered land (Barrie, 1986, Stohl, 2006). In contrast, air masses leaving North America's or Southeast Asia's densely populated east coasts are heated diabatically over the downwind oceans and cannot reach the Arctic so easily (Stohl, 2006).
In summary, Russian pollution sources are located far north, and they are also located along the main entrance pathway of air masses into the Arctic. Both facts make Russian air pollution sources much more relevant for the air pollution levels in the Arctic than sources in other regions.
Our proposed work builds on the TROICA measurement platform. It consists of a laboratory railway carriage that can be attached to normal passenger trains and was specifically outfitted for the measurement of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols by the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (OIAP). The first TROICA expedition was performed in a collaborative study with the Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry (Mainz, Germany) in 1995 and, since then, ten expeditions were performed by OIAP, some of them also in collaboration with other institutes (e.g., Helsinki University). Recently, two special railroad cars were specifically built for TROICA, one of which is used for in-situ atmospheric observations, while the other is a chemical laboratory for analyzing air, precipitation, soil and other samples (see title page and Fig. 4). Most of the expeditions travelled along the Trans-Siberian railroad between Moscow and Vladivostok, a two-way trip of almost 20.000 km but some campaigns took other routes. For instance, the most recent expedition in 2006 circled Moscow several times to study the impact of the emissions from this megacity on regional air quality. The railway carriage is equipped with instruments measuring O3, SO2, NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, CO, CO2, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, 222Rn, aerosol light absorption (equivalent BC), aerosol size distributions and particle concentrations in several size ranges, and meteorological parameters. A complete list of the instruments used, their measurement ranges, time resolution, etc., is attached to this application in a separate document.
The results
of past TROICA expeditions have been documented extensively in the scientific
literature (e.g., Crutzen et al., 1998; Oberlander et al., 2002; Belikov
et al., 2006; Tarasova et al., 2006, 2007; Vartiainen et al., 2007;
Kuokka et al., 2007). One new TROICA trip has been funded already by
the Norwegian Research Council (but the activity budget was cut by 70%)
in the framework of the International Polar Year project POLARCAT and
will be performed in the summer 2008 as part of a large international
Figure 4: Inside view of the TROICA carriage (left) and the Russian railroad network (right).
2.3 Zeppelin station and other measurement sites
NILU is operating the research station Zeppelin on Svalbard (11.9°E, 78.9° N, 478 m asl, see http://www.nilu.no/niluweb/services/zeppelin/). The station is situated in an unperturbed Arctic environment on a ridge of Zeppelin mountain on the western coast of Svalbard. Because of the altitude difference and the generally stable atmospheric stratification, contamination from the nearby small settlement of Ny Ålesund (located near sea level) is minimal at Zeppelin. The station is one of the most well equipped Arctic laboratories, and it is ideally located in the pathway of air pollution travelling from western Russia across the Barents Sea towards the high Arctic. A large range of greenhouse gases, acidifying compounds, carbon monoxide, ozone, heavy metals, aerosol size distribution and composition, BC, etc., are measured at the station. As in past studies, we plan to collaborate in our research with Johan Ström from Stockholm University, who runs an extensive aerosol measurement program at the station.
NILU is also hosting the Chemical Coordination Centre for EMEP, and data from a large number of EMEP stations are quality assured and stored at the institute. We plan on using data from high latitude stations, which are influenced by pollution plumes from Russia, for evaluating the broader-scale impact of Russian air pollution. OIAP has access to data from the Russian stations Lovozero (68ºN, 35ºE), Kislovodsk (44ºN, 43ºE), and the 302 m high tower at Zotino (61ºN, 89ºE).
FLEXPART (see http:/transport.nilu.no/flexpart) is a Lagrangian particle dispersion model that has been developed by Stohl et al. (1998, 2005) and is now used at about 40 institutes from 17 countries. The model simulates the transport of passive tracers by calculating the trajectories of a multitude of so-called particles using the resolved winds from global meteorological analyses (ECMWF or GFS) and parameterizations for turbulence and convection. It does not include any chemical processes but a highly accurate transport model that has been used, for instance, as a forecast tool for the flight planning in field campaigns using research aircraft, the interpretation of data from surface stations, aircraft, or remote sensing platforms, and for producing transport climatologies. A speciality of the model is the possibility to run it backward in time to compile information on the spatial distribution of sources contributing to measured air pollution events (Stohl et al., 2003). Figure 5 shows as an example a so-called emission sensitivity map for the previously mentioned recent extreme pollution event at the Zeppelin station (Stohl et al., 2007). It shows where sources could have potentially contributed to the measured air pollution over the course of the last 20 days of transport. It also shows where agricultural fires were detected (black dots) on days and over locations with high emission sensitivity. These, other FLEXPART model products not shown here, and the measurements allowed the unambiguous attribution of the measured record-high pollution levels to the agricultural fires.
NILU has also developed tools to display the rather comprehensive information produced by FLEXPART via internet webpages, where the user can navigate easily through a wealth of information. Examples for the available products are a webpage for the Zeppelin research station at Svalbard (http://transport.nilu.no/flexpart-projects?stn=ZEP) or a wegpage for a recent international aircraft campaign (http://transport.nilu.no/flexpart-projects?cmp=MILAGRO_ETC). Both websites contain hundreds of thousands of plots and navigation tools for efficient browsing.
5. Footprint potential emission sensitivity for an air mass arriving
at Zeppelin station on 2 May 2006 between 21 and 24 UTC. This air mass
led to the highest pollution levels ever observed at the station, and
also produced a visible reduction of the snow albedo. Red dots indicate
satellite-detected fires on forested land, black dots are fires on agricultual
3. Proposed work
Three new TROICA missions. We will perform three new TROICA missions. Two will travel along a meridional transect using the railroad from Kislovodsk to Murmansk, one will travel in zonal direction from Moscow to Vladivostok. The Kislovodsk-Murmansk trips are tentatively planned for March 2009 and April 2010, the Moscow-Vladivostok expedition for July 2009. An alternative route for one of the three trips might also be the railroad to Vorcuta, located at nearly the same latitude as Murmansk but further east (see Fig. 4). For our purposes, we want to avoid the winter period when even the day-time atmospheric boundary layer is not well mixed. Such conditions would make the inversion of the model results more uncertain and, thus, the emission source strength determination more difficult. The two spring expeditions are planned for a time of the year when normally many agricultural fires are burning in western Russia and when it is also probable that these emissions are transported towards the Barents Sea. We suspect that these biomass burning emissions represent the strongest source of ozone precursors and BC at this time of the year which is especially critical for snow and ice melt at high latitudes. At the same time, this pollution source could potentially be eliminated completely through banning of these fires (as in many other countries). Thus, finding convincing evidence that these fires have a strong detrimental influence on air quality and the Arctic climate is a major objective of the two spring missions. The summer mission would probably encounter biomass burning plumes from boreal forest fires. All three missions, thus, would likely allow comparing the atmospheric concentrations in biomass burning plumes with such in pollution plumes from Russian cities and industries. Detailed case studies of pollution plumes encountered during the three new missions will be made, using also tools described below and used for a statistical analysis of the entire TROICA data set. The focus would be on cases where the air masses are subsequently transported into the Arctic. For such cases we would also use measurement data from Zeppelin and the other stations. Ideally, the TROICA mission would observe the pollution close to the Russian sources, and other stations in Northern Scandinavia or Svalbard would observe the same polluted air mass hundreds or thousands of kilometres further north. Of course, the possibility of such a strict Lagrangian study will depend on the meteorological conditions.
Analysis of pollution plume encounters. FLEXPART will be run backward and forward from the tracks of all ten previous TROICA missions and the three new ones planned as part of this project, as well as from the three Russian stations. The backward simulations will be used to characterize the sources of the observed air pollution, whereas the forward simulations will be used to establish two data subsets according to whether the observed air mass would later be transported towards the Arctic, or not. Statistical comparisons of the average and extreme concentrations for the two subsets (which will be further sub-divided according to the geographical location where measurements were taken) will be made for all measured chemical species. Differences in the sources contributing to the measured pollution will be identified for the various subsets.
For species that can be considered passive tracers over long enough (order of 10 days) time scales (carbon monoxide, methane), we will compare FLEXPART results directly with the measurements to learn about possible biases in the EDGAR (or an equivalent better resolved) emission inventory underlying the simulations (Olivier and Berdowski, 2001). This will allow correcting the emission inventories for subsequent simulations. We will then use ratios of the enhancements of NOx and BC with respect to the carbon monoxide enhancement (derived from regression analyses) to learn about the typical pollution mix close to urban and industrial sources, which can be compared to the emission ratio derived from the emission inventories. Using this method, we will be able to improve the emission inventories also for these important shorter-lived species.
Sections along which biomass burning plumes were encountered will also be identified, using both the observations and the FLEXPART model products that will use an emission model based on fire detections from MODIS and/or ATSR, landuse information, and possibly areas burned (when available). We will compare the pollutant and greenhouse gas concentrations in the biomass burning plumes with those encountered outside the plumes and in anthropogenic pollution plumes. We will also calibrate our emission algorithm with data obtained relatively close to the fires, to estimate total biomass burning emissions from agricultural and boreal forest fires.
Emissions from the oil and gas industry. In Fig. 2 we have shown a case where the railroad was crossing a leaking gas pipeline and where enhanced concentrations of methane and non-methane hydrocarbons were observed. Over large stretches, the railroad also runs parallel to pipelines and, thus, numerous such cases are documented in the TROICA record and can be identified by their unique chemical signature. However, these events have never been analyzed completely. For every significant event, we will run FLEXPART driven with global ECMWF analysis data and downscaled with the meteorological data observed on the train, when available and reliable (see Stohl et al., 1997 for a description of the downscaling method). Inversion of the model results will then allow determining the methane source strength. Very simple inversion methods can be used, as the location of the point source is known. While mesoscale model simulations would yield a better basis for driving FLEXPART, we anticipate doing this for a large number of events observed during a period of more than ten years, for which this is impractical. We will proceed by testing whether we can find trends in the frequency or severeness of such events over the period of 14 years in total. An extrapolation of the average derived source strengths to the total length of the gas pipeline network in Russia will yield a rough estimate of methane and non-methane hydrocarbon emissions from pipeline leakages.
A similar approach will be taken for cases when the train passed close by a known petrochemical installation or when it met a freight train transporting oil products (information on the opposing traffic is partially available). For the former, emissions of species such as NOx and BC will also be considered. Altogether, these studies will yield unique information about the emissions from the petrochemical industry, which can be compared to the emissions from other sources.
Impact of Russian air pollution plumes on the Arctic. We will use 20 years of 3-hourly FLEXPART backward calculations (which will be available from the POLARCAT project) for the Zeppelin station to calculate Russian contributions to the simulated total carbon monoxide. Using an appropriate threshold (e.g., more than 10 ppb of carbon monoxide from Russia transported within the last 20 days), we will identify time periods with substantial influence from Russian sources, western European sources, mixed Russian and other sources, fire-influenced episodes, and clean periods. For these time periods, we will investigate the chemistry and aerosol measurements available from the station to compare the impact of Russian and other sources on the chemical composition over Svalbard. For species with long records (e.g., sulphate, ozone are available since 1989), we will also investigate trends in air masses transported from the different source regions.
We will compare the average measured enhancement ratios between short-lived pollutants (e.g., sulphate, BC) and the relatively longer-lived tracer carbon monoxide in Russian-influenced air masses to those measured by TROICA directly in Russia. The difference is a measure of the removal of the shorter-lived pollutants en route, which is a critical factor in determining the Arctic pollution load. Together with forward tracer model results like those described in Stohl (2006), seasonally varying removal factors can also be used to roughly estimate the pollutant input from Russian sources into the Arctic. Using scenarios for the future development of the emissions in the high latitudes of Russia, we can then also estimate future changes in concentration levels.
Strategies to reduce BC and ozone precursor concentrations in the Arctic. As an outcome of this project, we will have a better understanding of the sources of BC and ozone precursors in Russia. We will be able to more accurately constrain the emissions from agricultural fires, boreal forest fires, the oil and gas industry, and other sources. We will also have a better understanding of the impact of these sources on the BC and ozone concentrations in the Arctic, as well as of the relative roles of high- and lower-latitude sources in Russia. Consequently, we could inform Russian policy makers to optimize their emission reduction strategies in a way that yields the greatest benefit for the Arctic. In the light of the current discussion on the climatic effects of short-lived pollutants in the Arctic, this will be an important result of RAPSIFACT, which can be used also in the international arena.
4. Coordination, partner roles, international collaboration, relation with other projects
NILU will be responsible for the overall coordination of the project, communication with the Norwegian Research Council, and outreach activities. NILU will perform all FLEXPART transport model calculations. OIAP will be responsible for carrying out the TROICA missions; however, both NILU and OIAP scientists will discuss their overall strategy, routes and timing. NILU and OIAP scientists will perform data analyses together, whereby OIAP scientists would concentrate on aspects where local knowledge is essential (e.g., pipeline leakages, local pollution sources), whereas NILU would concentrate on the transport of pollution into the Arctic.
We intend to collaborate with researchers in Sweden (Johan Ström), Finland (M. Kulmala). RAPSIFACT would be closely coordinated with the International Polar Year project POLARCAT. It would benefit from the experience gained during the POLARCAT TROICA mission in 2008, and it would use the POLARCAT web portal www.polarcat.no for outreach actitivies (general information about the campaigns, short presentations about the key findings). We would probably publish the first RAPSIFACT results in a special issue organized by POLARCAT. RAPSIFACT would also contribute to the planned assessments of the effects of short-lived pollutants on the Arctic climate.
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Olivier, J. G. J. and J. J. M. Berdowski (2001): Global emissions sources and sinks, In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and Heij, B. J. (eds.) "The Climate System", pp. 33-78. A.A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands. ISBN 90 5809 255 0.
Quinn, P. K., G. Shaw, E. Andrews, E. G. Dutton, T. Ruoho-Airola, S. L. Gong (2007a): Arctic haze: current trends and knowledge gaps. Tellus B 59, 99-114.
Quinn, P. K., T. S. Bates, E. Baum, N. Doubleday, A. Fiore, M. Flanner, A. Fridlind, T. Garrett, D. Koch, S. Menon, D. Shindell, A. Stohl, and S. G. Warren (2007b): Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: Their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies. Submitted to EOS.
Shindell D., G. Faluvegi, A. Lacis, J. Hansen, R. Ruedy, E. Aguilar (2006): Role of tropospheric ozone increases in 20th-century climate change, J. Geophys. Res. 111, D08302, doi:10.1029/2005JD006348.
Stohl, A. (2006): Characteristics of atmospheric transport into the Arctic troposphere. J. Geophys. Res. 111, D11306, doi:10.1029/2005JD006888.
Stohl, A., M. Hittenberger, and G. Wotawa (1998): Validation of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART against large scale tracer experiments. Atmos. Environ. 32, 4245-4264.
Stohl, A., C. Forster, S. Eckhardt, et al. (2003): A backward modeling study of intercontinental pollution transport using aircraft measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 4370, doi:10.1029/2002JD002862.
Stohl, A., C. Forster, A. Frank, P. Seibert, and G. Wotawa (2005): Technical Note : The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 6.2. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5, 2461-2474.
Stohl, A., T. Berg, J. F. Burkhart, A. M. Fjæraa, et al. (2007): Arctic smoke – record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 511-534.
Stohl, A., K. Baumann, G. Wotawa, M. Langer, B. Neininger, M. Piringer, and H. Formayer (1997): Diagnostic downscaling of large scale wind fields to compute local scale trajectories. J. Appl. Meteor. 36, 931-942.
Tarasova O. A., C.A.M. Brenninkmeijer, S. S. Assonov, N. F. Elansky, T. Röckmann, and M. Brass (2007): Atmospheric CH4 along the Trans-Siberian railroad (TROICA) and river Ob: Source identification using stable isotope analysis. Atmos. Env. 40, 5617-5628.
Tarasova, O. A., C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, S. S. Assonov, N. F. Elansky, et al. (2007): Atmospheric CO along the Trans-Siberian Railroad and river Ob: source identification using isotope analysis, J. Atmos. Chem., in press.
Vartiainen, E., M. Kulmala, M. Ehn, et al. (2007): Ion and particle number concentrations and size distributions along the Trans-Siberian railroad, Bor. Env. Res., submitted.
Zhuang, Q., J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, et al. (2004): Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model. Glob. Biogeochem. Cyc. 18, GB3010, doi:10.1029/2004GB002239.


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Help us establish KIMSeattle as a stand-alone nonprofit organization. Our goal is to raise $500,000 for laboratory relocation, salary support, and to subsidize under-resourced student groups.
Make your child's science education their success story.
Ways to Give
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AmazonSmile is a simple way for you to support KIMSeattle every time you shop for your favorite items. By clicking the link below or visiting smile.amazon.com and selecting KIMSeattle as the charity you'd like to support, Amazon will donate 0.5% of every eligible purchase you make!
Fred Meyer offers a Community Rewards program that allows card holding customers to support their favorite nonprofits simply by shopping; KIMSeattle is part of this program. Supporters can link their Fred Meyer Rewards card so that each time they shop they are helping KIMSeattle to raise funds from Fred Meyer. Click the link below to go to the Fred Meyer website and link your card.

subset: commoncrawl


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CRB63: Quinta Pinheirinho
Oliveira do Hospital, Coimbra
Current Status:Under Offer
Small Quinta with house, ruin, yurt in 8,000m2 land bordering a stream with spring
Property Description
Small Quinta with 1 big stone House, 1 smaller Ruin and a well insulated Yurt in 8,000m2 land, bordering a stream with spring.
Complete Infrastructure: workshop with Tools, solar system (1500W: runs a washing machine), water system, garden, etc..
It includes a big stone house (60m2) with a new roof (workshop, storing, one living room) and two roof windows. There's also a smaller house in ruin without roof.
Land type: Rústico, it's possible to register the houses as living houses.
A 7m Yourt with big skylight and window. We have a fully equipped Workshop (with professional electro tools), a industrial sewing machine, chainsaw, etc… Big trampolim, washing machine, functional water system with 7 taps, and more.
The land borders a stream and has a spring. It's mostly flat and fertile land with 1 apple tree, a chestnut, a walnut and a fig tree. We planted about 20 fruit trees.
In addition we sell our 4WD Volkswagen Van (extra price).
Ideal for families and community projects, there is more land to sell around, it's flat, and varied landscape.
After two years living in our little paradise, we plan to emigrate overseas. That's why we sell our whole property.
Close to Barril de Alva (3kms) with a Steiner School: Caracol ao So, 4kms to the Alva River, 15 minute driving to Tábua or Coja, close to the Benfeita Valley (a lot of alternative projects and people).
A lot of english and dutch speaking people, some germans.
Property Location
Add to favoritesNº of Houses: 1Land Size: 8,000m2 / 0.8ha / 1.98ac
Price: €63,000
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access only on foot
bread oven
central heating
flat land
garage / workshop
good access
grape vines
mains electricity
multiple houses
pond / lake
solar electricity
solar water heating
swimming pool
temporary home
terraced land
- citrus trees
- fruit trees
- olive trees
vegetable garden
- spring
- stream / river
- water mine
- watermill
- well
woodstove / fireplace


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Ireland on Bockingford paper
Ireland in gum by Lidija Ivanek SiLaI am continuing my work with this interesting paper and intentionally cutting off washing time, intervening with brushes and water spray to get desirable look. Eventually I will end up with decent portfolio that I intend to post as such on my front page.
It is only one week left to my arrival to Croatia and the opening day of my exhibition – Alternative photography, in Zagreb, on the 5th of November. More about it in my next post.
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The 2018 Dallas Rhinoplasty Meeting will be dedicated to the late Jack P. Gunter, M.D, a consummate expert and superb rhinoplasty teacher and Founder of the Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium which has taught the art and science of rhinoplasty to over 10,000 plastic surgeons and facial plastic surgeons.
The annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Meeting is a unique program bringing together world-class faculty. Lectures will include a review of the nasal anatomy, how to analyze the nose, diagnosing common and uncommon rhinoplasty problems, and development of an individualized operative plan for various rhinoplasty deformities.
One of the most valuable experiences is the opportunity to apply learned techniques in the hands-on cadaver lab.
This meeting is designed for board-certified physicians desiring a refresher course in the anatomy and fundamentals of rhinoplasty surgery. The didactic sessions will provide an update on specific aspects and evolution in rhinoplasty.
Who Should Attend:
- Plastic Surgeons
- Facial Plastic Surgeons
- Otolaryngologists
- Residents in the above specialties
Purpose and Content:
The meeting is designed to take the participant through the entire spectrum of rhinoplasty surgery: from the basic fundamentals to the latest refinements and advancements in technique.
The meeting will consist of didactic lectures, cadaver dissections, panel discussions and Q&A. Evening DVD Theatre will allow attendees to view the faculty performing various rhinoplasty techniques. This unique program will allow participants to observe and directly engage with faculty performing advanced rhinoplasty techniques.
An anatomic nasal dissection DVD will be provided to all participants registered for the cadaver lab.


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The United States has voiced "great concern" over Iran launching its first domestically built satellite.
Robert Wood, a US state department spokesman, said that Tuesday's satellite launch by Tehran could "possibly lead to the development of ballistic missiles".
The fears were mirrored by Geoff Morrell, the Pentagon press secretary, who said that it raised suspicion that Iran was continuing to develop a missile of "increasingly long range".
The satellite, named Omid (Hope), was launched into orbit by rocket and is the first in a series that Iran plans to put into space by the end of next year.
"With this launch, the Islamic Republic of Iran has officially achieved a presence in space," Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the Iranian president, said in a broadcast.
Omid will stay in orbit for up to three months as part of a programme Iranian officials say is aimed at improving telecommunications and monitoring natural disasters.
Al Jazeera


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Mark Ronson to release album in January
- Bang Showbiz
- 11 November 2014
Mark Ronson has announced he is releasing his first album in five years in January, and explained that he went on a road trip around America to pick up singers for the record
Mark Ronson will release his new album 'Uptown Special' in January.
The collection will be the producer-and-musician's first LP since 2010's 'Record Collection', and will feature acts including Bruno Mars, Hudson Mohwake and Tame Impala's Kevin Parker.
Speaking about his new music, he explained: "The real good stuff on the record came last year when I went out to work with Jeff Bhasker in Venice, out in California, and we started writing some songs and I felt like I had something to say that was not being said."
The 39-year-old star unveiled the first single to be taken from the record, disco-inspired 'Uptown Funk' last week, which features 'Locked Out of Heaven' star Bruno Mars, and revealed that the inspiration for that track, and the other songs on the album, came from a roadtrip around America.
Mark - who made his name working with Amy Winehouse and Lily Allen - explained to BBC Radio 1: "Jeff Bhasker, one night he was like, 'Yeah we're going to drive through the South and find this singer,' and it just sounded so ridiculous, like it was never going to happen, and we actually did.
"We got in the car and drove through Baton Rouge, Louisiana, New Orleans, Mississippi, Memphis, Little Rock, Chicago, went to all these great churches saw a couple of thousand great singers and found the one girl that we were hearing in our heads, this one amazing singer, Keyonce Starr. She's on the record."
'Uptown Special' will be released on January 26 2015.


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We bring you the latest news, insights and scores.
Gradually improving our level from scratch, we have transformed into a team of highly confident individuals with the potential of delivering the best at your fingertips. From the most to the least recognized sport, we provide a 360-degree coverage of every little thing that happens in the course of your day. Furthermore, our genuine and unique content signifies Daily sports from various other platforms within the local sporting industry.
Multilingual English & Sinhala
Live Photos, Blogging, Twitter & video
1.5 Million Unique Visitors
360° Covering all Sports
In 2015 we set a simple goal for ourselves. That was to win the best web award from the .lk domain registry. Despite being a young startup, we were able to achieve this hefty goal. We successfully snatched a Merit award at the Best Web awards under the sports and entertainment category. Despite the more experienced competitors in the fray, we were able to get our names in the book.
The Daily Sports Journey
The common thing in the journey of every great sportsman is that they all started from scratch. No, they had a mission and had to work for it. Success was not handed to them on a platter. Our story isn't so different from that either. Daily Sports was born in with one mission: to be the source for everything related to sports.
At this stage, we were just a bunch of individuals that loved sports. A bunch of individuals, starting from scratch and began a long journey to revolutionize sports journalism. One year later, our content became so good that we easily won the best web award. Today, Daily Sports is the leading source for sports news. It doesn't matter how famous the sport is. From start to finish, Daily Sports offers 360-degree coverage of any match in both English and Sinhala.


text: 30 March 2010Multi-talented Jane Goldman has never been shy about public appearances, and the London-born screenwriter showed off her cosmetic surgery enhancements at the recent premiere of her new film Kick-Ass.Jane's breast augmentation doubtless provided a boost to her former career as a lingerie model for Fantasie bras, and in her new career as a successful film writer, she's still stunning the crowds. Jane showed off her assets at the film's premiere by wearing a low-cut dress, complemented by her bright pink hair to ensure she was a centre of attention. As the wife of Jonathan Ross, Jane is rarely out of the spotlight, as well as enjoying a successful career in her own right, hosting TV shows such as Jane Goldman Investigates which saw her explore supposed paranormal feats such as tarot card reading, astrology and clairvoyance. Her new film Kick-Ass, produced by fellow cosmetic surgery fan Brad Pitt - who has long been rumoured to have had dermal fillers - has attracted controversy in the press for featuring a child assassin. Jane defended the film by telling Sky Movies: "It's not a movie for kids, it's not something kids should see. Obviously no little kid could go around doing this." 39-year-old Jane always takes pride in her appearance. Celebrity plastic surgery website Make Me Heal suggests that Jane's smooth skin could be the result of laser treatments, and also indicates that she likely has regular Botox injections to retain her wrinkle-free complexion


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In the spirit of Martin Luther King Day and Thrive's Community-Minded mission to build knowledge of self and others for meaningful collaboration and citizenship, you and your family are invited to join other Thrive classmates on this holiday by volunteering at any of the following events on Monday, January 18th.
1. Mission Trails Regional Park San Diego
Activity: Trail clean up, cleaning signs, pulling weeds, nature walk and Ranger talk.
Age range: Kindergarten – 8th grade
30 Kids maximum (Will need 5 chaperones, plus parent contact.)
Time: 9:30 am – 1:30 pm
Location: 1 Father Junipero Serra Trail, San Diego
Notes: Bring your own lunch. We will eat afterwards in the outdoor amphitheater
Thrive on site parent contact: Please check in w/ Cameron Balma and Ila Brook
2. YMCA - Copley Place
Activity: Come to the Y and help us honor our YMCA Senior community by serving them a special lunch.
Age range: 7th and 8th grade only
10 Kids needed maximum (Will need 2 chaperones, plus parent contact.)
Time: 11:15 am – 2:15 pm
Location: 4300 El Cajon Blvd, San Diego
Notes: Lunch for volunteers and chaperones will be provided.
Thrive on site parent contact: Please check in w/ Marilyn Karimi
3. Ocean Beach Cleanup
Activity: Join Core 4 at the main lifeguard station in Ocean Beach for a beach clean up.
Age range: – k-8
No limit on number of participants
Time - 9:30 am – 11:00am
Location: Main Lifeguard Station at the end of Santa Monica Avenue in Ocean Beach
Thrive Contact: Please check in w/ Mei Christiensen
4. Make Personal Care Packages for the Homeless
Activity: Make small care packs of toiletry items for folks in need. (DONATIONS NEEDED)
Age Range: k-8
No limit on number of participants
Time: 9:30 am-11:30 am
Location: Thrive Public School (Core 2 Rooms)
Thrive Contact: Please check in w/ Jaclyn Vasko
And if you can't make it to a specific location on that day, how about helping out our fury loved ones who need homes...
5. Humane Society
Activity: You can help by posting fliers of animals who need extra help finding their forever home. Just print out the flyers and post them around your community. Coffee shops, community centers, libraries, and schools are ideal locations to get the attention of a potential adopter. Go to the link to find your fliers. http://www.sdhumane.org/how-you-can-help/adopt/print-and-post-flyers/
6. Make Cards for Deployed Military Personnel
Activity: Make a soldier's day by creating a card that shows your appreciation. Bring your cards to school and Thrive will mail them to the soldiers or you can adopt to send a care package to a whole platoon.
Operation We Are Here
Holiday Mail for Heroes
7. Another Volunteer Opportunity of your choosing--Just let us know!
Things for you to know:
- Please wear appropriate clothing and shoes, bring sunscreen, snack and drink.
- Thrive families will drive on their own and meet at the above locations.
Participating in some service activity IS required. This is a learning day!
Thrive Families published this page in Family Action Network 2016-01-11 13:18:36 -0800


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Quick Reference
A description, often used in collection or auction house catalogues, to designate a work of art by an unknown artist who nevertheless works discernibly in the style of a particular master, for example 'School of Rubens'.
Subjects: Art.
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If you haven't seen it yet go today! Although going to see Les Mis at the movie theatre is a good 3.5 hour time commitment it is worth it. I've already seen it twice and wouldn't mind going again.
The story is based on a novel by Victory Hugo. The stage production has been around for over 25 years. Several movie adaptations have come out, but none of them can compare to this one.
Les Mis is about prisoner Jean Valjean (Hugh Jackman), who is being released from prison. Once he is free he breaks his parole and sets out to create a new life under a different identity. He is pursued by Inspector Javert (Russell Crowe) who will stop at nothing to make sure Valjean returns to prison. The story follows Valjean through his life of becoming a new man.
Years later he is mayor in a new town and owns a factory where Fantine (Anne Hathaway) is fired from for hiding a daughter in another city. After much turmoil Valjean learns of the misfortune that has come to Fantine and promises to take care of her daughter Cosette. Valjean sets out to gather Cosette from the home she is living in with a scheming Inn Keeper and his wife (Sacha Baron Cohen & Helena Bonham Carter). They are always my favorite part of the production. The characters are hysterical and bring just the right amount of comedy to the heavy story.
After Valjean collects Cosette, he raises her as his own daughter. Flash forward years later, Cosette (Amanda Seyfried) is grown, and she and Valjean are in Paris in the middle of the Rebellion. Cosette falls in love with Marius (Eddie Redmayne) who is too cute for words. Trouble soon follows when Inspector Javert enters the city. Everything comes to a collision at a fight upon the barricades as the Rebellion battles on.
I'm sure several awards are in the near future for this film.


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Posted on Aug 25, 2015
Inactivity impacts our overall health. But what happens after retirement? Buying a new fancy recliner is only going to provide short time relaxation for our senior loved ones. Sitting in the newness of retirement is not going to make anyone healthier. In fact, inactivity works against the health of our heart and our brain.
Inactivity impacts overall health and is associated with the acceleration of cognitive decline in older adults, according to research presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference held this summer in Washington D.C.
Participating in activities that promote physical health and social interaction are some of the most important measures to take before and after retirement
Staying Active
Start moving around the house as soon as you get up in the morning; turn off the TV. And the new recliner you received from the office as a retirement gift? Use it to read stories to the grandkids when they stop by on vacation. Ban the chair to the guest room.
Lack of physical exercise also increases the risk of falling. And falling has a negative impact on quality of life. According to the National Institutes of Health, one out of three adults 65 and older suffers a fall each year. Injuries and physical disabilities associated with falls make an impact on the quality of life. Also, according to a National Institutes of Health report, 1.6 million older adults in the U.S. end up in the emergency room due to fall-related injuries.
Starting Out
Before starting an exercise regimen, consult with a medical professional about health concerns and limitations. If a senior loved one is afraid of falling or has fallen recently, it is necessary they talk to a doctor before they start exercising.
If older adults are afraid to go on walks alone, join them on short treks in the neighborhood or seek the assistance of a trained companion caregiver who can accompany seniors when family caregivers are not able. Call a licensed agency to inquire about companion services and fall prevention care.
We hope we have inspired you on the importance of staying physically active. Senior Helpers of Orlando encourages older adults to stay active. We also understand the importance of making sure our caregivers are trained in fall prevention.
If you or a senior loved one is in need of companionship or home health care, please call Senior Helpers of Orlando at 407-628-4357 to inquire about our services. We provide home health care and Alzheimer's care services in Orange, Osceola and Seminole counties.
Ana P. DeLane
Senior Helpers of Orlando Team Member
Orlando In-Home Care: Research Shows Exercise is Critical in Promoting Brain Health in Older Adults; http://www.orlandosentinel.com/health/senior-helpers/os-orlando-inhome-care-research-shows-exercise-is-critical-in-promoting-brain-health-in-older-adults-20150730-story.html
Falls and Older Adults; National Institutes of Health; retrieved August 24, 2015, from http://nihseniorhealth.gov/falls/aboutfalls/01.html
Mid-Florida Milers Walking Club; retrieved August 25, 2015, from http://midfloridamilers.org/


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Stay in Touch
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From runway-inspired hairstyles to nails, lips, and eyes, find the tips and tools you need to create the season's hottest looks.
Learn how to get the season's hottest looks with beauty tips and tricks at QVC. Together with expert makeup artists and hair stylists, we make helpful how-to videos to teach you the steps to create the latest trends. With our broken-down instructions, you'll be able to achieve wearable, off-the-runway looks quickly and easily. We also explain how to customize them to reflect your own style.
Our makeup ideas will inspire you to try something new in your everyday routine, while our beauty tips and tricks will teach you how to apply makeup like a pro. The classic smoky eye is created with gray and black, but our new version encourages you to play around with fresh color combinations like gold, brown, and rose or cooler tones like teal and aqua. The bolder cat eye is an updated take on iconic black-winged liner. Try a purple, hunter green, or pastel liner instead. You can make the look bolder by lining both your upper and lower lids and connecting the ends. To get the matte-lip look, choose a lusterless lipstick in any shade, from orange to deep red. We also want you to show your locks some love, so we offer hairstyling tips and tricks, too. Polished waves and curls in all different styles and sizes are easy to achieve with our hairstyling tools. From soft and voluminous to tousled and loose to glossy and glamorous, you can achieve any look you'd like with innovations from brands like Sarah Potempa, CHI Smart, and Calista Tools.
Keep checking back for the latest trends, plus the tips and tools that make them easy to achieve.


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"Whenever you want to achieve something, keep your eyes open, concentrate and make sure you know exactly what it is you want. No one can hit their target with their eyes closed."
Paulo Coelho
"The only time you fail is when you fall down and stay down."
Stephen Richards
"To conquer frustration, one must remain intensely focused on the outcome, not the obstacles."
T.F. Hodge
"Instead of focusing on how much you can accomplish, focus on how much you can absolutely love what you're doing."
Leo Babauta
"Always focus on the front windshield and not the review mirror."
Colin Powell


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Ex-honcho gets his act together
October 8, 2004
Could acting be former deputy commissioner Ed Norris's next career when he gets out of prison?
"Given the number of jobs open to him in his former profession," says a law enforcement official, "this could work out."
Norris, who was Baltimore's police commissioner and now resides in the federal prison at Eglin Air Force base in Florida, appears in the most recent episode of HBO's police drama "The Wire." He is seen sitting on the curb outside a cop's wake, puking his guts out.
It wasn't his first appearance on the show.
Norris has been making cameos on "The Wire" since the show first aired three years ago. The show's creator, David Simon, said Norris filmed the newest episode in May - before he left for prison after pleading guilty to using thousands from a secret police fund for lavish living and philandering.
"He did really well," Simon said of Norris' performance. "He had some raw actor moves. He is responsible. He shows up, works hard. The man needs to earn a living, and we are not going to dump him - assuming he gets out in a couple of months and is still interested.
"This is not to condone what he did, but he happened to be the best police commissioner we have had in the last 25 years," Simon said.
And here's another possiblity: Norris could also become a consultant for cop shows.
In the same episode, which aired Sunday, there's a scene in which Baltimore commanders at a CompStat meeting are pressured to doctor their crime statistics. CompStat, which stands for computer statistics, was established by then-NYPD heavies Jack Maple and Louis Anemone, who grilled precinct commanders.
Who knows the lingo better than Norris, who succeeded Maple as deputy commissioner for operations?
Norris, who is scheduled to get out by the end of the year, appears to be doing well in prison, said John Miller, who was the spokesman for Bill Bratton. Miller, who is now Bratton's terrorism maven in Los Angeles, recently visited Norris.
"He says he reads three books a day," Miller, who was recently detained for carrying a loaded gun on a plane, said. "... He has a job with some machine in the cafeteria. His spirits are up and his mind is clear." But is he ready for his close-up?
Help is [not] on the way. Last week, this column detailed how Aaron Wong, 21, suffered a broken jaw and other injuries in a beating on Staten Island, allegedly by retired cop James Mangone, and was then arrested.
Here are the responses of the law enforcement agencies that have jurisdiction in the case:
A spokesman for Staten Island District Attorney Dan Donovan said Donovan had no comment.
A law enforcement official said U.S. Attorney for Brooklyn Roslynn Mauskopf had no authority to investigate because no complaint had been filed. Wong's mother, Desiree, told Newsday she tried to file a complaint at the 120th Precinct house, where Wong was taken for processing, but was told by the desk officer he could not take her complaint. The official said the incident was something for the Police Department to look into.
Paul Browne, a spokesman for Police Commissioner Ray Kelly, did not return a call.
Here are some questions that Internal Affairs Chief Charles Campisi might ask: Who were the cops who responded to the scene of Wong's beating? Who was the supervising sergeant and the desk officer where Wong was taken? Why was Wong placed in a jail cell instead of taken to the hospital?
Always the black man. Remember when Francis X. Livoti's cop buddies suggested a mysterious black man may have caused the death of Anthony Baez, who died in 1994 following Livoti's choke-hold?
Well, it appears a similar mystery man and four or five friends recently turned up in Brooklyn, where a police detective was found walking around in his underwear.
The detective, who was playing with a sex toy in his car, somehow locked himself out of his car. He phoned his wife, saying he had been car-jacked and raped by five or six black men. She called police. The detective repeated the story to investigating officers, then changed his story. He clammed up at the urging of his union delegate. Now he's on modified duty.
Staff writers Sean Gardiner and Rocco Parascandola contributed to this column.
© 2004 Newsday, Inc. Reprinted with permission.


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Hi Class,
Unfortunately my son is still sick. If you check your edline account you should be able to see your grade from the last quiz. The grades were really good. I will go over these when I get back (hopefully tomorrow). Today you will start by watching this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0klWkroviGc . After watching the video you will answer the odds on the worksheet that I have attached below. Be sure to put the problems on graph paper which is located in the cabinets under the counters. Email me if you have questions. I should be near my computer and I will try to answer any questions you have. Feel free to use headphones when your are watching the video. Good luck!
Mr. Whipple
Geometry Homework >


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The fall fashion issues are out and I've been devouring them! Even though I love summer and would prefer to forget that icy sidewalks were ever a part of my life, I'm always excited for the September issues (of Elle and Vogue, in particular). There's something about coats, long sleeved sweaters and boots in black, navy, and other rich colours that feels exciting. After 3 months of bare legs and hot pink (which strangely turned out to be my preferred colour for the summer), I must admit to missing … [Read more...]
Style as Armour
August 22, 2013 by 3 Comments
Life is Long — Hurrah!
August 6, 2013 by 1 Comment
There we were on a muggy Saturday morning lounging on my second floor balcony in our underwear, feeling pretty relaxed. After some gentle encouragement, I got up to make us some coffee. As always, I poured whipping cream into the mugs. That's when Mon Amour told me that, prior to meeting me, he never put cream in his coffee, but that now he wouldn't pass it up. "Life is too short to drink skim milk!" I boldly proclaimed. … [Read more...]


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* Stoke beat Arsenal 1-0 in the Premier League
* New loan signing Jese scored the winner
* Stoke had to withstand huge pressure from Arsenal
* Alexandre Lacazette had goal ruled out for fractional offside
* Jack Butland starred in fine rearguard action by home side
* Stoke at West Brom next, Arsenal visit Liverpool
Aug 19 (Reuters) - New signing Jese made a dream debut for Stoke City, scoring the winner in a 1-0 victory over Arsenal in the Premier League on Saturday.
The livewire Spaniard, signed on loan from Paris St Germain in midweek, started and finished the decisive move 90 seconds after halftime, slotting home expertly after a sharp link up with substitute Saido Berahino.
In an entertaining game, the former Real Madrid man's goal prompted Arsenal to throw everything at the home defence in a bid to claw their way back but Jack Butland proved a rock in Stoke's tremendous rearguard action.
Arsenal were denied an equaliser when Alexandre Lacazette's strike was ruled fractionally offside but the defeat ensured the Gunners' miserable sequence of being unable to win their first two matches of the season stretched to eight years. (Reporting by Ian Chadband, editing by Pritha Sarkar)


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Masergy owns and operates the largest independent Software Defined Platform in the world, delivering hybrid networking, managed security and cloud communication solutions to global enterprises. The company's patented technology, customizable solutions and unmatched customer experience are why a growing number of leading organizations rely on Masergy to deliver performance beyond expectations. Learn more about Masergy and follow them on their blog Transforming Enterprise IT, Twitter @Masergy, LinkedIn and Facebook.
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text:
Frontend: http://magento2.softdy.com
Backend: http://magento2.softdy.com/admin
Acc: demo_editor_pro
Pass: demo12345
A) Description – top
The currently magento is using Wysiwyg editor for default, so it is not good enough for managers to insert images, resize, crop, upload … and files management quickly. And it isn't also smart enough for image/videos files management. "Wysiwyg Editor Pro For Magento 2" extension provides many features for improving that. It based on Tinymce version: 4, and using "RESPONSIVE filemanager". It still keeps old features, insert widget, block, variable …. ! It is very helpful for fast modification and files management.
Key Features – top
- Quickly upload image/video files with drag – drop
- Multiple upload and insert images/videos
- Auto fill image title and description by filename (support multiple files and support filename with utf-8 unicode) Also, it supports for uploading media/image screen
- Quickly resize images/videos
- Support insert magento widget, block, variable and url (same old version)
- Support any Tinymce ver 4 features
- Find, sort and provide smart view mode
- Rename, crop, resize, rotate, remove … and many features for modification image
- Allow enable/disable "Wysiwyg Editor Pro" in product page and block/cms page
C) How to install Wysiwyg Editor Pro For Magento 2 – top
As you may know, there are two most popular ways of installing magento 2 extension. The first one is to use COMMAND LINE and the send one is to install manually.
Option 1: Magento 2 install extension using COMMAND LINE (Recommended)
Wysiwyg Editor Pro can be installed in a few minutes by going through these following steps
Step 1: Download/purchase the extension
Step 2: Unzip the file in a temporary directory
Step 3: Upload it to your Magento installation root directory
Step 4: Disable the cache under System >> Cache Management
Step 5: Enter the following at the command line:
Run command bellow:
php f bin/magento setup:upgrade
Step 6: After opening Stores >>Configuration >>Advanced >> Advanced, the module will be shown in the admin panel
Option 2. Magento 2 install extension manually
Step 1: Download/purchase the extension
Step 2: Unzip the file in a temporary directory
Step 3: Upload it to your Magento installation root directory
Step 4: Disable the cache under System >> Cache Management
Edit app/etc/config.php file and three line code:
'Min_Base' => 1,
Min_Editor => 1,
Step 5: Disable the cache under System >> Cache Management
Step 6 : After opening Stores >> Configuration >> Advanced >>
If you using Nginx it may need to be provided permission access for "lib\internal\filemanager" folder.1. Open nginx.conf and add new config bellow
location ~ /lib/internal/filemanager { allow all; }2. Save
- + Bugfix can edit when disabling admin key
- + Support enable/disable for another area box.
- + Support change font size, font-style.
- + Support edit image.
- + Fix base URL + Fix Not Enough Memory


text:
RECOMMENDED: If you have Windows errors then we strongly recommend that you download and run this (Windows) Repair Tool.
When a Web service request is being processed, if an error is encountered, the nature of the error needs to be communicated to the client, or sender of the request.
Known Issues for Oracle SOA Products and Oracle BPM Products for 12c Release 1 (126.96.36.199.0) This document lists issues and workarounds for Oracle SOA and Oracle.
java – How to get SOAP fault's faultcode when handling custom. – In case of error server returns SOAP faults like this:. How to get SOAP fault's faultcode when handling custom fault exception. Java – How to show Soap Fault. 0.
I am receiving the above message when making a request to a java webservice. Webservice returns java.lang.reflect. That SOAP fault indicates an error on.
SOAP fault message : java.lang.NullPointerException. Hi, After calling the Webservice from XI, got error message as. java.lang.NullPointerException.
javax.xml.ws.soap Class SOAPFaultException java.lang.Object java.lang.Throwable java.lang.Exception java.lang.RuntimeException javax.xml. a SOAP 1.1 or 1.2 fault.
IBM WebSphere Application Server provides periodic fixes for the base and Network Deployment editions of release V8.5. The following is a complete listing of fixes.
Nov 12, 2007. I have developed one application. I use Eclipse as a development tool. I have created a folder of the application in the workspace of the eclipse.
A threat analyst at the cybersecurity firm Mandiant has been hacked and the attackers are claiming to have lurked on his computer for a year, collecting his login credentials for various sites and tracking his location. The hackers got their.
May 31, 2013. JAX-WS exception and SOAP fault handling and Annotations with examples. Handling; The cause of JAX-WS Exceptions "IllegalAnnotationExceptions. java. lang. JAX-WS exception handling example request and response. following error, if you don't implement JAX-WS exceptions and fault properly.
16 Handling Exceptions Using SOAP Faults. Example 16-8 Example of Generated Java Fault Bean Class. package examples.client;. java.lang.RuntimeException).
A FaultCode indicating whether the problem is at the client or on the server. area the error occurred, and YYYY is a number signifying the cause; A FaultDetail containing. A SOAP fault for a malformed request with detailed fault reporting switched on:.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.
Pim Outlook Plugin Error Gmail and Microsoft Outlook plugin Boomerang comes to iOS today. and you'll get an "unknown command" error. In a very monotone voice,
While writing down lyrics and Guitar chords with a pen and paper is simple enough, TabBank makes it just as streamlined on your iOS devices. It's as easy as typing a text. iOS: There are countless notes apps available for your iPhone, but.
It indicates that the incoming SOAP message should include 2 parameters: a "personName" string and an empty SOAP Fault object B. It specifies that a SOAP Fault will be returned if an error occurs. an incoming SOAP request? A.
SOAP Request and Response Message Structure SOAP Fault Message Structure. <faultcode>SOAP-ENV:Client</faultcode> <faultstring>There was an error in. xml:lang="en-US">There was an error in the incoming SOAP request packet:.
Web Services and their clients may need to access the SOAP message for additional processing of the message request or response. You can create SOAP message handlers.
Cable news channels turned the story of the 53-year-old Congressman and the 24-year-old intern for the Bureau of Prisons into an all-day, all-night soap opera. It was other Democrats' fault, because they did not have the mettle to stand by.
> javax.servlet.ServletException: java.lang.RuntimeException: SOAP Fault: Error in client request. java.lang.RuntimeException: SOAP Fault: Error in client request.
May 6, 2013. If an HTTP client connection is closed by the server during a request (i.e. unless the. java.io.IOException: Async IO operation failed (1), reason: RC: 107. This will result in an XML parser error, or in the following exception if the. AxisFault: The input stream for an incoming message is null. java.lang.
when running this code on an client:. getAsSOAPEnvelope(SOAPPart.java:701). faultCode: {http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/}Server. at java.lang. Even I am getting the same error at the same place.
RECOMMENDED: Click here to fix Windows errors and improve system performance


text:
Start-Up & Commissioning
Whether you are looking for personnel to help staff your two week outage, or for qualified engineers for a year long commissioning project, TDS can provide the right people to make your project successful.
Testing & Maintenance
TDS provides a broad range of technical services to support the startup, commissioning and maintenance of generating plants, substations, and industrial facilities.
Buy New & Used Equipment
Would you rather purchase your equipment brand new than rent? We have partnered up with many test equipment companies to provide you new test equipment for purchasing. Buying the test equipment slightly used rather brand new can end up saving you money.
Calibration & Repair
TDS offers reliable, economical, test equipment calibration and repair services with quick turn-around time, typically in just 2-3 days!


text:
After four years of mutual misunderstanding GM Isacco decide to release LB Omar Drietz, one of the best LB of the FOFL.
"I make the possible and the impossible to find a solution with Omar but he want to move to another team." Said Isacco. "I'm forced to do this!"
"I'm very excited to become a free agent and I'm sure many team are ready to talk with my agent." Said Drietz in an interview. "I'm very happy to have finally a possibility to change team. I want to win a Bowl and Alabama is not ready for this!"


text:
An Oculus project manager recently traveled to Tysons Corner, VA for a retail site visit. While analyzing space for a retail project in Tyson's Corner Center, she discovered a unique Japanese style restaurant taking up residence in the middle of the mall.
Wasabi is a modern Japanese cuisine chain that uses conveyor belts to serve small plates to customers around a bar and booth dining area. The plates are color-coded in order to indicate price and everything is prepared fresh, right in front of the customer. While they take traditional Japanese cuisine and infuse it with Latin American flavors, the really unique feature of this Wasabi location is the fact that it takes space traditionally used for adoration, such as fountains and artwork, and finds a way to monetize it.
While it may serve as an aesthetic centerpiece to a shopping center, there is unfortunately no money to be made off of the square footage of these fountain/pretty areas. The Wasabi restaurant concept is beginning to interject itself into the "white space" areas of shopping centers across the country and developers and mall owners couldn't be happier about the prospect of actually making money on spaces that previously cost them to maintain.
While malls across the country are struggling to stay afloat due to the rise of lifestyle centers and online shopping juggernauts like Amazon, could we see more places like Wasabi pop-up as developers and mall owners try to squeeze every usable square foot of the mall?
Could the St. Louis Galleria, with its large amount of square footage dedicated to its fountain, be in-line for a new Wasabi or similar concept? Maybe instead of sushi joint, St. Louis could see a conveyor belt style restaurant serving up traditional local fare such as toasted ravioli, provel cheese pizza, and gooey buttercake?


text:
HOUSTON --Young cancer patients got to create some Valentine's treats for loved ones thanks to Crave Cupcakes.
MD Anderson Children's Cancer Center patients took a field trip on Wednesday to the Crave Cupcake shop near Rice Village. They decorated several cupcakes for special people in their lives.
"My mom. She's done so much for me. I want to do something for her," cancer patient Thalia Villalva said.
"I think it's so nice of them to do this for the kids, I've been overwhelmed by the number of people that do generous things for kids with cancer," said Jennifer Cobb, mother of a cancer patient.
Crave donates a portion of proceeds from deliveries to the Medical Center and MD Anderson's Children's Art Project.


text: Sometimes I'm tempted to second-guess and think that we did too much in too short a time–but then I realize just how much we all enjoyed all the things we were doing. And everyone remembers all of it as a really happy experience, having edited out the complaints about the walking! Amazing. This really was a life-changing trip.


text:
Paranormal Insights: Episode 18
You can talk with the departed, we'll show you how. Om Life Chakra Soaps. Plus a viewer question about what the spirits are saying to her. Hosts Psychic/Author Joseph Ernest Martin, and Hypnotherapist/Medical Intuitive Cindy Grayson explore and bring you the best and latest from the metaphysical world where you get answers from beyond the ordinary.


text:
Project by Michelle
One of the things I really love about my Brother ScanNCut is the ability to create something unique for family and friends for birthdays and celebrations. So when my best friend's birthday came up last month, I decided to make something special just for her.
This is a very affordable and easy gift, which you can personalise to suit your special occasion. Plus, because it's created from sticker stock, you can stick it to a number of household items including coffee mugs, water bottles, glassware, homeware, electronics and much more!
Follow these simple instruction to create your personalised gift today!


text:
Far be it for him to engage in irrational enthusiasm. He knows that along with every good thing in his business, there's also a not-so-good thing.
So while Allen is excited about last week's announcement that Allen County's residential and commercial building permits topped $1 billion in value for the first time, he also sees challenges on the horizon.
Like labor shortages leading to higher labor costs. Higher prices for lumber and other supplies. And, ultimately, higher prices for buyers of new home.
"I always like to be kind of measured and balanced when I look at things," said Allen, owner of upscale custom home builder Timberlin Homes and new president of the Home Builders Association of Fort Wayne.
"The good news is that people are buying houses and the economy is strong. And, we have jobs and there's income and even surplus income," he said. "But the negative is my job costs have gone up dramatically."
Editor, John C. DePrez Jr.; Executive Editor, Carol Rogers; Publishers: IBRC and IAR


text:
New York Moments
People have been asking how things have been going and they're going pretty well. I'm settling in. I wouldn't even begin to pretend that I'm a New Yorker or have any good sense of what I'm doing here yet. That's part of the fun. I get lost on a pretty regular basis because cardinal directions just don't feel the same. I have very little concept of north, south, east or west and am often convinced they are opposite.
On one particular evening, I wandered around SoHo with a box of free cookies that I picked up from the Schoolhouse Electric fall launch party. The plan was to meet friends at this weird little alley with a mysterious museum where we would see a mystery show that possibly involved a famous car and musicians from David Byrne's label, Luaka Bop.
So, that's what I was doing but I had this unwieldy box of cookies and every time I was faced with a choice (left, right, cross the street, whatever) I would take the opposite choice of correct. I would then walk awhile, consult my phone, discover I was moving farther away from my destination, turn around and then do the same thing all over again the next time I came to a fork in the road. After spending about half an hour honing in my destination (this should have been a seven-minute walk) I fumbled the cookie box. Beautiful pastel macarons everywhere. The best chocolate cookies scattered all over the sidewalk. Crumbs and hopes and dreams all over the ground. I walked away quickly, totally disheartened, only to discover I went the wrong way again and had to walk back by the scene of the crime. Fortunately that was my last wrong turn and I was rewarded with an amazing show in a dark alley that really highlighted what makes New York a special place and worth all the work, wrong turns and lost cookies.


text:
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Add a cute lil teddy or some colorful balloons along with your Get well soon flower arrangements and fill in your happy thoughts and positive vibes onward. You may also cheer up their rooms by sending Get well soon plants online that would be long lasting and serve as a sensible gifting gesture.
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text:
Wednesday, August 20, 2008
The li'lest butcher, Lisbon
4 comments:
Holy Moly!
That's a serious fourteen.
All the fourteen year-olds I knew were still obsessed Pokemon.
- August 22, 2008 at 10:46 AM
- Laura said...
I seriously used to daydream about running away with the Portuguese butcher on my corner. The "Young One". As opposed to the "Old One", the "Mean One" or the "One with the Eyes".
- August 25, 2008 at 11:46 PM
Actually, "bolo seco especial" means "special dry cake".
- March 6, 2009 at 6:07 PM
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- July 6, 2016 at 4:07 AM


text:
The Skinny: Here's the deal. At some point we all need to kill time. And if you're on this site, you probably like to rock. So go ahead and waste your precious time with these PureGrain approved rockin' YouTube videos!
My buddy George sent me this hilarious clip and I had to share it. So apparently Mastodon wrote a fucking hilarious song called "Cut You With A Linoleum Knife" used during this intro to a Aqua Teen Hunger Force film. You have to watch it... it's just too funny!
Want our content delivered to your mailbox? Subscribe for updates.


text:
PREEN IS BROKEN IN OS X MAVERICKS. Further information can be found here: #486
Preen Skin Manager: Select, install and update skins for Plex 9 on Macintosh.
Available at [http://anomiesoftware.com/Anomie_Software/Preen.html](http://anomiesoftware.com/Anomie_Software/Preen.html)
- One central app to browse many of the great skins available for Plex.
- One easy button to update your Plex skins to their latest versions.
- No need to download a new version of the software when new skins are released; Preen checks a central database of skins.
- Manual or automatic use. Check for updates manually using the provided buttons or leave Preen running in the background and it will automatically find new skins and update you to the latest version every 24 hours.
- An installation of git is highly recommended, though no longer necessary. You can download and install it from [here](http://code.google.com/p/git-osx-installer/downloads/list).
- Preen must be run on the same computer as Plex.
- Plex 0.9
- Preen is made possible because of the PlexSkinUpdater by Maverick214.
- Plex skin screenshots courtesy of El Massman.
- Launch skins are linked with permission from Maverick214, El Massman and reddraggon220
- The Plex development team for general awesomeness.
Version 1.70 (released Nov 25, 2013):
- Plex Home Theater Compatibility.
- Radio buttons to switch between PHT skins, Laika skins and 9.0 skins.
Version 1.60 (released Oct 30, 2011):
- Laika compatibility.
- Radio buttons to switch between Laika skins and 9.0 skins.
Version 1.51 (released Aug 6, 2011):
- Fixes an issue with the skin last modified date.
Version 1.5 (released Apr 2, 2011):
- Ability to select a skin directly from Preen.
- Ability and preference to report on a user's skin.
- Ability to remove skins from the skins list.
- Resolves a crash-on-startup issue effecting a few users.
- Resolution of a few memory leaks.
Version 1.4 (released Jan 9, 2011):
- Hopefully fixes a crash-on-startup issue that some users experienced.
- Adds a 'Get git' menu item to the 'Skins' menu.
Version 1.3 (released Dec 30, 2010):
- Added a Progress Indicator.
- Changed menus: added a skins menu, removed unnecessary menus.
- Changed the table of skins to include more data.
- New skin table is sortable.
- Preen obtains the latest modification dates for each skin from github.
- Up/Down arrows work as expected in the skin table.
- Skins now download on a separate thread and are now checked each time the application is launched.
- Added support for multiple branches of the same skin.
Version 1.2 (released Nov 13, 2010):
- No longer requires git.
- Fixes a bug relating to some git installations in /usr/local/bin/git.
- Adds support for git branches which aren't the master branch.
Version 1.1 (released Sep 4, 2010):
- Supports additional, common, folders where git may already be installed.
- Adds an icon.
- Improves logging.
Looking for a skin manager for Windows? Try Stormwave's [Plex Skin Manager](http://forums.plexapp.com/index.php/topic/32457-plex-skin-manager/page__view__findpost__p__207159).


text:
In addition to ledges lining the walls from above, the fun, kitty-friendly accents include a spiraling walkway, a set of tiny stairs leading to said ledges, a climbing pole (which doubles as a scratching post), and tunnels for the felines to play around in. The house is also equipped with a ventilation system to regulate the air and aid with the pesky odors that come with having eighteen cats under one roof.
Via mymodernmet.com


text:
Legal Status
Document Details
Published Document
United States International Trade Commission.
Notice of Commission determination to conduct a full five-year review concerning the antidumping duty order on steel concrete reinforcing bar from Turkey.
The Commission hereby gives notice that it will proceed with a full review pursuant to section 751(c)(5) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1675(c)(5)) to determine whether revocation of the antidumping duty order on steel concrete reinforcing bar from Turkey would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury within a reasonably foreseeable time. A schedule for the review will be established and announced at a later date. For further information concerning the conduct of this review and rules of general application, consult the Commission's Rules of Practice and Procedure, part 201, subparts A through E (19 CFR part 201), and part 207, subparts A, D, E, and F (19 CFR part 207).
June 4, 2002.Start Further Info
Mary Messer (202-205-3193), Office of Investigations, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20436. Hearing-impaired persons can obtain information on this matter by contacting the Commission's TDD terminal on 202-205-1810. Persons with mobility impairments who will need special assistance in gaining access to the Commission should contact the Office of the Secretary at 202-205-2000. General information concerning the Commission may also be obtained by accessing its internet server (http://www.usitc.gov). The public record for this investigation may be viewed on the Commission's electronic docket (EDIS-ON-LINE) at http://dockets.usitc.gov/eol/public.End Further Info End Preamble Start Supplemental Information
On June 4, 2002, the Commission determined that it should proceed to a full review in the subject five-year review pursuant to section 751(c)(5) of the Act. The Commission found that both the domestic and respondent interested party group responses to its notice of institution (67 F.R. 9465, March 1, 2002) were adequate. A record of the Commissioners' votes, the Commission's statement on adequacy, and any individual Commissioner's statements will be available from the Office of the Secretary and at the Commission's web site.Start Signature
By order of the Commission.
Issued: June 10, 2002.
Marilyn R. Abbott,
[FR Doc. 02-15045 Filed 6-13-02; 8:45 am]


text:
We are looking for NLP software engineer in Tokyo, Japan.
You will work in a team and be committed to development, design and implementation of mid-scale to large-scale web applications and modules for already existing applications. You will mainly work with other developers.
About Us:
Yaraku is looking for software engineers to join a Natural Language Processing (NLP) team which develops our multilingual translation software, using machine learning techniques. We support up to 21 languages.
You will be committed to:
– prototype and develop new algorithms and components
– perform experiments to evaluate changes
– develop new techniques to improve and optimize translation result
Yaraku Inc.
Required Qualifications:
– solid development experience in Python
– familiarity with machine learning techniques
– ability to prototype new functionality within a iterative development model such as Agile/Scrum
Preferred Qualifications:
– experience in C or C++
– experience building, testing, and optimizing parallel corpus
– Java development experience
– SQL background
How to apply:
Please mention NLP People as a source when applying
About Yaraku, Inc.
system development for multiple languages


text:
Latest announcements
201711-9 pm : : Christmas & year-end special course reservation
Seasonal autumn deepens day by day, but we ye how you doing? Well today is Christmas and forget..View all
2017年10月17日 : : Niku Jazz festival
10/24 (Tuesday)
Enjoy the evening listening to live music and professional artists.
We cannot accept reservations from the Internet.
Please contact us directly.
Enjoy the evening listening to live music and professional artists.
We cannot accept reservations from the Internet.
Please contact us directly.
2017年9月30日 : : Notice of the extraordinary store closed
Indeed it is a 9/30 (Saturday) we will store closed. Customers have received patronage from around the us..View all
2017年7月12日 : : Announcement of the Gion Festival sales
Gion Festival evening individual mountain 14-the opened a stall on the first floor entrance until the 16th. Meat bar specialNot a 'yakiniku rice Barker"..View all
2017年7月6日 : : Show's wine fair
Is meat Bal Show's dining 7Wine Festival will be held, entitled "shows wine fair" than Friday January 7 Our shop....View all
Good morning. Midst of the o-Bon, the celebration will be? There are reports like to Congrats to everyone! Our regular customers, your marriage will be! Choosing our celebration place, lunch was enjoyed by everyone. Congratulations indeed! Sincere best wishes to the two of you happy. Without trays, hot sales! Meat bar SHOWSdining keep trying to get meat bars, really thank you. Are forward sincerely for your visit!
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