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"Earth Will Be Reborn"
By Marc Maramay and Val Young
(A book channelled by many different higher entities: see also 'Recommended Books')
By Marc Maramay and Val Young
(A book channelled by many different higher entities: see also 'Recommended Books')
Chapter 13 - A Sacred Wave is Coming
There is a Wave coming, a Sacred Wave heading towards you, towards all humanity. A rolling Wave of Love, a cleansing flow of liquid compassion, a Rainbow Wave of iridescent Light.
When you see it tumbling towards you, you may, at first, be shocked or surprised. You may have the reflex reaction of wanting to run the other way, to try to outrun it and escape. Something of that size, you would think, could do you no good. You might fear it would wash you away, and you would disappear forever. So your mind may think it best to scamper away as fast as you can to look for higher ground, a tree to climb or a handy ladder. Then you will be safe, the wave will pass and the waters recede. The streets and the earth will dry out, and all will be as it was before. You will descend from your perch and get on with life as normal. This will be the reaction of many, at least their first reaction.
When you face the Wave, simply remember that you are deeply loved by the Earth, and you will not feel frightened by this Wave of Love, of Living Light. Remember that you are of the Earth, part of her body, and this is your living space, then relax and stand your ground. Ground yourself, and feel those roots growing from your toes, from the soles of your feet into the Earth. Know your heart is always connected to her heart. This will be a Heart Wave rising from her core, so you can safely open your heart to it. All in the way of the Wave will be safe. In the face of the Sacred Wave, hold out your arms as it nears you, so as to embrace it. You will feel the Wave hit you full in the chest, deep in the heart, then it will flow through you and flow on.
As this love flows through you, you will feel overwhelming joy, so you will only be drowning in bliss. You will find you are still connected to the Earth, still holding your ground, strong and unharmed. In fact, as this Wave flows through you, you will find something unexpected happening. You will not feel yourself disappear or dissolve into nothingness, or be swept off your feet, God knows where. You will find the Wave is rooting you even deeper and strengthening your connection to the Earth beneath our feet. And the Wave will be renewing you, every cell will be cleansed and detoxified, every cell given a burst of new life. You will feel every particle and wave of your body being renewed and reborn.
You will feel your heart open wider than it ever has before and this liquid Wave of energy will flow through you at an astonishing rate. You will feel your heart widen and open, stretching beyond anything you could have thought possible, for it will seem like the whole of the Wave is passing through your heart, which in a sense, it is. You will want this sensation never to end, the experience is so exhilarating, so exciting and renewing. Then the Wave will seem to come towards its end, as all waves rise and fall, and you will feel the last of the energy pass through you and move on. You will take a moment to steady your senses, to check if you are still truly alive, but you will find yourself more alive than you have ever been before, more alive than you ever thought you could be.
You will feel, see and sense the Light flowing from you, as if you have been given a new Light Body. Your Light Body will have been renewed, and you will feel you have been clothed in a garment made of threads of love, to go with your glowing body. This new robe of compassion will stay with you and be part of you, just as your body will glow and continue to grow in its Light, day by day. Though the Wave will seem to have passed, its effects will stay with you. Your heart will be transformed forever, for it will have experienced a cleansing unlike any you have felt so far in your life. And you will not be the only one to experience this.
All those who stand their ground on the Earth, who cling to and stay with her, all those who sing with her, who welcome love with love, will feel this Wave. And it will roll around the earth, like the lesser waves of energy that bathe her by day and night, even now. Some will experience much and some less, but there will be few who will feel untouched. Yet those who wish to keep themselves 'dry' will have their choice respected. Those who wish to hide from the Light will have made their choice too. For them, there is always the consolation that a later Wave may arrive and they again will have the freedom to choose. In the meantime, the Earth bathes you all in her love every day, as she is bathed in the Love of the Creator every moment, and we can always choose to enjoy the experience and soak in this warm bath, or we can keep our feet dry.
So we say to you to be aware of the Wave, for it may arrive at a moment you least expect it. But you will know of its coming when it comes. And, for those who like to surf waves, this is one time we advise you to leave your boards in the shade. Simply stand in its path and let the Wave surf over you. Face the Wave and embrace it from your heart. We wish you good wave-watching. But there is no need to become obsessed with the coming of the Wave, for when it arrives, you will know, and you will rejoice at its arrival as a glorious dawn.


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MortgageCalculator 18.104.22.168
Calculate your mortgage payment. Create an amortization table. Calculate the reduced term and interest saved when applying an additional monthly principle payment. There is also a pie chart view that shows graphically how much is spent on interest versus principle. The amortization table and pie chart take into account any additional amount paid each month.
Requirements: Windows Phone 8.1, Windows Phone 8

subset: commoncrawl


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January February March April May June July August September October November December
Sandra & Matthew
Well, we are a little behind on our blog. On November 15, 2009 we did a shoot for Sandra and her son Matthew. We had a lot of fun on this shoot. It is always fun and a challenge to shoot small children. They are so unpredictable. Matthew was great and was all smiles for the camera.
We shot at several locations and little Matthew hung in there for every second that we shot. At one point he wanted to see every picture that we took and then wanted to take some pictures of his mommy himself. What do you do when a small child wants to borrow your camera because he wants to take pictures of his mommy? Well, you give him your camera, of course. We let him take a few pictures, with us helping him hold on to the camera. He was having a blast. Then I looked over at Sandra and she had a very nervous look on her face. I told her to relax, our camera would be fine.
The shoot went very well and we all had fun. Sandra, thank you for giving us the opportunity to shoot you and your son. Hope you enjoy your pictures and look for you video to be posted on YouTube soon.
Joey Navarro
Keywords: Family
No comments posted.


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Naples, FL
Dan turned professional in 1973 after attending Penn State University. Professionally, Dan started with a playing career in 1975 on the PGA tour, then moved to head golf professional at two different private clubs earning his way to Class A member status of the PAG of America in 1990. Corporate golf professional experience, owning and operating his own driving range and teaching facility, and competing as an exempt player on the 2002 PGA Champions tour are some of Dan's other endeavors. He has spent the last eight years teaching in the Fort Myers/Naples area and over the last three years has become extensively involved with the ArrowHead Golf Operation. Dan combines his knowledge of the golf swing and his competitive success at the highest levels to present a learning experience for the golf student that is truly unique.
Individual lessons or a series of lessons available.
Book your game improvement lesson today!
For lesson appointments call (239)898-1771


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Nutrition is number one when you're trying to tighten up, gain more energy, properly fuel your body, and see long term results.
Take the time out to learn how your intake works either for or against you. Commit to making long lasting changes that will yield a lifetime of success!
Living a SerenaFit Life means many things. One of the most important points here is that you're making the best choices when confronted with food temptations, peer pressure, social pressures and demanding work schedules. Knowing what to eat and when, how to eat, how much to eat, where to find the best foods and understanding what your body reacts to, are all things nobody really teaches you, right?
I quickly realized this when I found myself at my heaviest weight back in 2007, before I started SerenaFit. So much goes into it figuring all of this out!
I wanted to make a change for myself that resulted in a better appearance, increased energy, consistent sleep, portioned plates and general knowledge of what it meant to life a healthy life. It became really apparent to me that food was the real answer here. I began to eat more veggies, I cut back on the junk and alcohol, portioned my meals out, tracked my intake using My Fitness Pal, asked questions to coaches I knew, and maintained a certain level of consistency with everything. Things changes, and my body was on it's way to becoming healthy again.
Can you relate to any of this? Hopefully, you can, as a busy, working city girl.
The SerenaFit Lean Meal Plan is a very easy way to start sorting through all of this and should be a part of everybody's SerenaFit experience. It focuses on scheduling, portion control, nutrients, grocery purchases, supplements, proper snacking and more. Take a few minutes to learn more about the meal plan, and other resourceful programs, below. We've got this!"


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The enemy of all of us often uses the same pattern, just with different skin, to isolate us and separate us from the love of God. Beauty Beyond Bones gives excellent insight into recognizing the isolation we spiral into. She encourages us to move away from judging the false beliefs we observe others wearing, instead, cultivate compassion for the brokenness we all share in common. We can learn to recognize the internal organs of the lies we believe about ourselves, others, and God and put on the new skin of truth.
So I've recently watched a couple documentaries on Scientology:Going Clear,and Leah Remini's 8-part series, Scientology and the Aftermath.
Wow. If you want your minds blown, give them a watch…I included the links.
Let me begin by saying, I'm not here to bash anyone's beliefs. I am all for respect and inclusivity. But I was just astounded at the level of oppression and corruption in that "religious" organization (as depicted in these exposés).
And it stuck with me all weekend. I couldn't stop thinking about those poor people trapped in that culture of repression.
What made them stay in a dire situation? Why did they put up with the mind games and the systematic oppression?
And the more I thought about it, I realized that scientology is exactly like being trapped in an eating disorder.
Scientologists are fed dogma that they must protect scientology at any cost – including…
View original post 760 more words


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Aerators and Air Pumps
Oxygen is crucial in a fish stocked pond but will also help to break down nutrients within the pond, thus playing an important role in biological regeneration. Introducing air into the pond by means of a pond aerator is an effective way of increasing the dissolved oxygen content. Air pumps will force ambient air down small silicon hoses, through porous air stones where the rising columns of air bubbles will diffuse oxygen into the water as they rise to the surface. Summer is the most crucial time for aeration as the warmer water cannot support as much oxygen as cooler water would. In the winter, the rising bubbles will keep and area of the pond free of ice, allowing toxic gases to exchange at the surface.
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Are you an education researcher studying Iowa preK-12 schools? Check the Funding Resources page for links to funding sources, including state and federal grants and foundations.
Are you an education researcher from the University of Northern Iowa (UNI)? Check out the Research Resources page of UNI-specific resources for finding funding for your research, doing your research, and sharing your research findings.


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Dream interpretation InsectsTo see insects in your dream, generally signifies negative shades or aggravations in your behavior which can be harmful for you. As these creatures are small, small problems can arise in your personal and professional life. Insects color and shape does not matter in any dream only the type of insect is what matters here. Some insects can bring positive hints such as precision in your work, enhanced sensitivity and other psychological changes that reflect positivity. Insects are also considered as divine messengers as in ancient times these are known as lucky mascots of Gods to carry their messages towards mankind.
Insects dream meaning in depth
Different insect's bequest different understandings and some common amongst them are noted here. The most popular insect to inhabit your dream is ant, may be in a group, black or red in general ants signify that you are feeling a little bit neglected or it can strongly indicate that you will be flustered the very next morning or whole day. Another horrific insect is beetle; if you see group of beetle in your dream it means that someone at your workplace is up to destroy your hard work and take your credit. To see a bug of any dimension surely states that you are fretting about something or some issue in your life which you need to look upon. On the other hand butterfly can state changes (on positive side) in your thinking to improve romantic relationships, spiritual activity or simply enhancement in creative side. A cockroach which you fear while awake describes that you are longing for something in life which is not ideal or way before the ideal time. Overall to see insects in your dream signifies that you are facing some small obstacles in real life which needs to be looked upon.
Learning from the insects dream
To see an insect in dream always gives you a chance to change in the life to get the desired results in all fronts. Insects generally presents your psychological or behavioral timidness hence you should learn to be patient from ants as they rearrange even after destruction. You also need to focus on your workplace and determine your true friends and enemies which can cause any harm to your image. You can also work out on your anger or frustration as insect is a warning sign to improve otherwise you will lose your near and dear ones owing to your attitude.
A sample dream meaning for insects and its interpretation
Consider a dream where you are working in your house and form nowhere thousands of creepy crawlies come in circular motions in from of you. They do nothing just they are gathering in from of you and in response you are vacuuming them all to get rid of them. These insects can be spiders, beetles or ants, you are afraid of them in real life but you are not afraid in your dream. In a similar manner if you see a man eating the black beetle by catching them in hand can explain only one thing and that is you are having many irritations in your life or going to face them in near future. This also symbolizes your annoyance for simple things in life or this can also attribute to your behavior where you get annoyed or frustrated even on simple things. A huge collection of insects only signifies that you are having some nagging questions or obstacles in your life that you need to thought over and assort.
The text Insects are often referred as irritating or each one of us possesses a hatred for these creepy crawlies. is a property of Goto horoscope Com. And belong to category Dream Dictionary
Kenneth 2017-11-08 22:28:35
I had a dream that a giant herd of beetles flew through my wall, leaving it full of holes. The just flew straight through my room like I wasn't there. Then, what I assume to have been the alpha flew in and landed by my bed and looked at me. It was the same as all the others, but the size of a grown man.
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Cristi 2017-11-03 04:50:38
I dreamt of insects digging into both my feet. It hurt like hell and I had to take them out one by one.
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Oakie 2017-09-28 13:14:21
I have dreamed multiple times that spiders were burrowing into my flesh and creating spiderwebs around my arms, legs, and hands. It has made me really afraid to sleep. Do these dreams have a meaning or is it just my brain being really dark?
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Brian 2017-09-05 07:35:46
I dreamed of this strange looking spider it was more like a very fine stick like but no abodman crawling across a blanket
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Rozy 2017-07-24 08:44:25
I saw a dream in which there was a small bunch of wood threads on my neck which were easy to remove but when I tried removing them, I could see some small insects coming out of my neck with those threads. Insects looked like bed bags like small white with a red mark of blood. I was scared like hell and I woke up and started to remove that bunch from my neck. It was around 3:30am in the morning. I am so scared and feeling so disgusting about it.
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emerald 2017-07-23 14:15:51
i dreamed of termites living inside my feet.. i was so shocked for i didn't even noticed it had been there for quite a long time. to my surprise i shoke my legs and i saw a fat earthworm going out from the hole on my feet made by the termites.. That was sooo scary that i was not able to go back to sleep again. What does it mean?
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die meisterin 2017-06-05 07:14:36
I've dreamt at least twice that there was some kind of insect in my shoe, and I had the shoe in front of me with the insect in it, which I wanted to kill but never succeeded with.
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May 2017-05-20 03:39:32
My dream was that a moth flew into my ear and tried to dig deeper in n i was trying to pull it out but it kept pushing itself in..?
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Justin 2017-05-04 05:16:05
I had this dream that there was this thing made out of mice and I wanna say cicadas and it chased after me it was in the shape of a human creeped me out
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Kathy 2017-02-22 03:36:01
I dream that there were wasp nest in my spare bedroom which I do not have covering a Christmas wreath and two ladies came an removed it the I went on vacation wiyh my boyfriend
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Confused 2017-02-20 21:12:06
So I was part of a reality show in the dream and I was lying down and notice this weird looking insect above me on the ceiling. There was one in each corner. And since I was in a reality show in the dream, I assumed they are cameras but then it's like they suddenly started falling from the ceiling and joined and started making this weird and scary figure. I woke up immediately after seeing that
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Shy 2017-02-14 10:40:27
I dreamt I was in the restroom and there was a big bump on my chest it hurt and looked as a pimppleasure I squeezed it and it hurt it peeled most of my hest off and a bug long as a centipede out and it was red and white and it threw it in the sink and it disappeared
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loveness 2017-02-01 07:02:40
i have a dream last night i was at my big brother house and they were this many insert building their house with red darck soil and when i get inside i tald one of my ancle to kill them, the strange path is that in the other room the was my brother's daughter who passed a way 10 years a go telling me that some one was making a jock of her telling her that why does she want to go and stay in a flat while she live in a hostel house becouse she was poor
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ego 2017-01-03 00:02:40
I still don't understand the significance of butterflies,because I saw a beautiful butterfly in my dream,like they were of two colors yellow and the other color is like that of the army so I was putting on a singlet of same color with the second butterfly so they were few allover my hostel but then that butterfly with the same color of my clothes came flying to me and I was like"no no please don't come close to me"but it still perched on me,but I can't remember if I really chased it away.
This is not the first time cos my mum said she also saw me with a very big and the most beautiful butterfly fly but I let it go and when she looked up they were different kinds of them and they covered the sun.please what does all that mean.
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Shilpa 2017-01-01 21:15:02
I dreamed white bugs coming out of my cheek. What does it mean. Please tell me.
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Karen 2017-01-10 08:02:55
I dreamt to nights about bugs and I killed them and woke up
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What Is TAN Rip Off
Thank you for coming to TAN in your search for "What Is TAN Rip Off" online.
Just a fraction of bitcoins issued so far can be found on the exchange markets. Bitcoin markets are competitive, which suggests the cost a bitcoin will rise or fall depending on supply and demand. Lots of people hoard them for long term savings and investment. This limits the amount of bitcoins that are truly circulating in the exchanges. Additionally, new bitcoins will continue to be issued for decades to come. Thus, even the most diligent buyer couldn't buy all existing bitcoins. This scenario is not to imply that markets aren't exposed to price manipulation, yet there is certainly no need for substantial amounts of money to transfer market prices up or down. The slightest occasions on earth economy can affect the cost of Bitcoin, This can make Bitcoin and any other cryptocurrency volatile.
Cryptocurrency is freeing people to transact cash and do business on their terms. Each user can send and receive payments in the same way, but in addition they participate in more complex smart contracts. Multiple signatures allow a trade to be supported by the network, but where a specific number of a defined group of folks agree to sign the deal, blockchain technology makes this possible. This enables advanced dispute mediation services to be developed in the future. These services could allow a third party to approve or reject a trade in the event of disagreement between the other parties without checking their cash. Unlike cash and other payment methods, the blockchain constantly leaves public proof that the transaction occurred. This can be possibly used in an appeal against businesses with deceptive practices.
Bitcoin is the principal cryptocurrency of the internet: a digital money standard by which all other coins are compared to. Cryptocurrencies are distributed, worldwide, and decentralized. Unlike traditional fiat currencies, there's no governments, banks, or every other regulatory agencies. As such, it truly is more resistant to crazy inflation and tainted banks. The advantages of using cryptocurrencies as your method of transacting cash online outweigh the security and privacy hazards. Security and privacy can readily be attained by just being intelligent, and following some basic guidelines. You'dn't place your whole bank ledger online for the word to see, but my nature, your cryptocurrency ledger is publicized. This can be fastened by removing any identity of possession in the wallets and thus keeping you anonymous.
Since one of the earliest forms of earning money is in money financing, it is a fact that one can do that with cryptocurrency. Most of the giving sites now focus on Bitcoin, many of these sites you might be required fill in a captcha after a particular time frame and are rewarded with a small quantity of coins for visiting them. It is possible to see the www.cryptofunds.co site to find some lists of of these sites to tap into the money of your choice. Unlike forex, stocks and options, etc., altcoin marketplaces have very different dynamics. New ones are always popping up which means they don't have a lot of market data and historical perspective for you to backtest against. Most altcoins have rather inferior liquidity as well and it is hard to come up with an acceptable investment strategy.
What Is TAN Rip Off
Entrepreneurs in the cryptocurrency movement may be wise to research possibilities for making huge ammonts of money with various forms of online marketing.There could be a rich reward for anyone daring enough to endure the cryptocurrency markets.Bitcoin architecture provides an instructive example of how one might make lots of money in the cryptocurrency markets. Bitcoin is an extraordinary intellectual and technical accomplishment, and it's created an avalanche of editorial coverage and venture capital investment opportunities. But very few people understand that and lose out on very profitable business models made available as a result of growing use of blockchain technology.
The transactions of Bitcoins are recorded in ledgers which are referred to as Blockchains. The ledgers use incredibly sophisticated technology about them to work. The thought is very simple than you think. The Blockchain allows two parties to create a smart contract. The contract can be created between two firms in a platform understood
It should be difficult to get more little gains (~ 10%) throughout the day. Study the best way to read these Candlestick charts! And I found these two rules to be accurate: having modest gains is more profitable than attempting to resist up to the pinnacle. Most day traders follow Candlestick, so it's better to examine novels than wait for order confirmation when you believe the cost is going down. Second, there is more volatility and reward in monies that have not made it to the profitableness of websites like Coinwarz.
You may run a search on the web. First learn, then models, indicators and most importantly practice looking at old charts and pick out trends. Anytime you learn to keep a trading diary screenshots and your comment/forecast. Precisely what is the best way to get confident with charts IMHO. Oh certainly, and don't fool yourself into thinking that you acquire the uptrend will never drop! Always will go down! You will discover that incremental increases are more reliable and profitable (most times)
It is definitely possible, but it must have the ability to understand opportunities irrespective of market conduct. The market moves in relation to cost BTC … So even supposing it's in a BTC tendency down can make money by buying the altcoins which are altcoin oversold trading ratios-BTC. Sure, your purchasing power in DOLLARS may be lower, but as long as your purchasing power in BTC is still growing you will be acceptable.
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Here is the coolest thing about cryptocurrencies; they usually do not physically exist everywhere, not even on a hard drive. When you take a look at a special address for a wallet featuring a cryptocurrency, there is no digital information held in it, like in exactly the same manner a bank could hold dollars in a bank account. It's nothing more than a representation of value, but there's no actual palpable sort of that value. Cryptocurrency wallets may not be confiscated or immobilized or audited by the banks and the law. They would not have spending limits and withdrawal limitations imposed on them. No one but the owner of the crypto wallet can determine how their riches will be managed.
The beauty of the cryptocurrencies is that fraud was proved an impossibility: due to the dynamics of the process where it is transacted. All deals on a crypto-currency blockchain are irreversible. After you're paid, you get paid. This is not something short-term wherever your visitors could challenge or desire a concessions, or employ illegal sleight of palm. In practice, most investors will be wise to utilize a fee processor, due to the irreversible dynamics of crypto-currency orders, you must make certain that security is difficult. With any kind of crypto-currency whether it be a bitcoin, ether, litecoin, or any of the numerous other altcoins, thieves and hackers might gain access to your individual tips and so grab your cash. Sadly, you almost certainly will never have it back. It is vitally important for you to follow some very good safe and sound techniques when dealing with any cryptocurrency. Doing so can guard you from many of these bad activities.
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Ethereum is an incredible cryptocurrency platform, nevertheless, if growth is too quickly, there may be some issues. If the platform is adopted fast, Ethereum requests could rise dramatically, and at a rate that surpasses the rate with which the miners can create new coins. Under a situation like this, the entire stage of Ethereum could become destabilized due to the increasing costs of running distributed applications. In turn, this could dampen interest Ethereum stage and ether. Uncertainty of demand for ether may result in a negative change in the economical parameters of an Ethereum based business that may result in business being unable to continue to run or to stop operation.
For most users of cryptocurrencies it is not essential to comprehend how the procedure operates in and of itself, but it's essentially crucial that you comprehend that there's a procedure for mining to create virtual money. Unlike monies as we know them now where Authorities and banks can simply choose to print unlimited amounts (I 'm not saying they are doing thus, only one point), cryptocurrencies to be operated by users using a mining program, which solves the advanced algorithms to release blocks of monies that can enter into circulation.
Many individuals prefer to use a money deflation, particularly those who need to save. Despite the criticism and disbelief, a cryptocurrency coin may be better suited for some applications than others. Monetary seclusion, for example, is great for political activists, but more problematic as it pertains to political campaign financing. We need a steady cryptocurrency for use in commerce; if you're living paycheck to paycheck, it would take place as part of your wealth, with the rest allowed for other currencies.


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This is my 4th post about Math Workshop, but you can read the first one here, second one here, and third one here.
Phew! I feel like that's a lot, but the funny thing is…I am leaving a lot of things out! I keep reminding myself this is a blog, not a novel. So, let's begin!
Teacher Instruction:
We begin each Chapter Lesson with a minilesson, but sometimes that minilesson is more of a major lesson (as in 20 minutes). Sometimes students have their textbooks out and are following along with me as I introduce a concept using my handy dandy teacher guide, but when following the chapter example problems isn't enough (they aren't getting it), I use "number strings" (an idea I first learned about during the Saturday PD class). You can buy the Number Talks book that explains more about number strings (and even has sets for you to use before you become skilled at making your own sets) here. The basic concept of number strings is that they are purposeful sets of problems/equations that build upon one another and increase in difficulty/level of understanding. Once you get used to the idea, you can easily write your own number strings "on the fly" and adjust them while you are instructing based on how your students are responding. For example, if I was teaching double-digit addition and wanted students to learn another addition strategy, I might start off by writing 23+56 on the whiteboard. If my students can solve this equation, the next one might be 23+58. After listening to students explain their thinking (the importance of Math Talk cannot be stressed enough), you would know who was able to use which strategy and whether or not they are using an efficient strategy. Are they noticing the pattern (2 more) from the equation we just did? Is anyone able to use the strategy "share some to make it friendly (take 2 from 23, making the equation 22+60)?" I would then decide if I should do a few more similar problems that students could try the concept I was trying to teach. I have anchor charts for each strategy that I keep up all year for students to refer to. I need to make individual sized ones (or just print these photos) for their binders, making a mental note to do that now. Here's one we are focusing on now.
On a little side note, Math in Focus comes with these fantastic, foam base 10 pieces, but the ones pieces don't stay put (even with magnets), so I needed something that I wouldn't be fumbling around with that was big enough to model what I was teaching.
Guided Practice:
The basic idea behind guided practice is that students are working through the problems with you. I like my students to use spiral notebooks to work out the equations in the textbook. The best way I have found to manage this is to have students share a textbook between them. If I can't do that, I have showed them how to put their notebook on one
side of the textbook so they can fit everything on their desk. Life skills, check.
I spend a lot of time at the beginning of the year making sure they write the title/date, write on the lines in a smaller size than most are used to, use the pink lines to guide starting and stopping points on the left and right, number their problems, box their answers…all that management stuff that I *hope* those intermediate teachers will appreciate later on. Working through a problem at a time, I slowly let go and check to see if students are able to do the problems with a partner or independently yet. This is where your teacher judgement comes in handy! Not getting it? More guided practice. Got it? Move to independent practice time.
Independent Practice:
There are 2 methods I use for Independent Practice. Before MIF, I would make up my own "sets" (A, B, and C) of equations for students at varying levels of ability. Students work independently to solve these problems and check their work with a partner when they are finished. Now, I can still use my own equations, but I often use the ones straight from the text or workbook. If partners get different answers, they are supposed to solve the equation together or prove why they think their answer is correct until they can agree on the answer. This is where having a good foundation of Math Talk is critical. Click below to download the FREEBIE! Your students can have it out when they are checking each other's work, while playing a math game, or you can use it as a poster for whole group time (I made it in 2 different skin tones, as well as black and white).
I have them initial the top of the page of their partner's journal/workbook to show they have checked it with a peer.
When they are finished, they work independently again to write a word problem using one of the equations they just solved (turning the "naked numbers" into problems with a context). I model this a lot and show students why I choose the names Bob and Sam (because they are easy to write). In the beginning of the year, I guide them toward using balls or toys (again, because they are easy to write and kids can think of those things in larger quantities) in their word problems. When they have written a word problem, I have them check their answers with a calculator. This also requires some preteaching about how to use a calculator, and then how to use a calculator appropriately.
While Independent Practice is happening, I am able to meet with a small group (think: Guided Reading). Most of the time, I can figure out who I will need to meet with during the Guided Practice time. The only real time I can predetermine who I am meeting with is right after a test. But, because MIF has pre/post test for chapters and I want to meet with students prior to those and more frequently, I make a mental list when checking for understanding during Guided Practice.
I've also done centers/math game rotations in the past, and I loved this format of Guided Math. I gave each student an accountability sheet with the week's centers, and they checked off which ones they completed after each day. Then, at the end of the week, they would write a small reflection. This would give them a chance to voice any concerns or problems I didn't notice while I was working with my groups.
I used a pocket chart and just rotated students through it.
Basically, any skill we were working on, I turned it into a center. I printed mine and glued them onto black cardstock, and laminated them for durability.
And, on a different note….here is a photo dump of some old anchor charts (I'll be making new ones this year and NOT laminating them) in case you're anchor chart hunting:
So, that pretty much sums up my math block! For now anyway…
Some background knowledge about this post….My district currently uses HMH Math in Focus (basically
the American version of Singapore Math). We are in our second year of
implementation. In the last 5 years, I have gone through a sort of
whirlwind of programs. My first year, I used Trailblazers, but I had
absolutely no training. Halfway through the year, I got training to use a
new program from the University of Alaska Fairbanks that incorporated
some cultural aspects using a curriculum called Math in the Cultural
Context. Then, in my second year, our school bought Investigations. I
had no training, but a box of new curriculum. Finally, my district
worked out a professional development opportunity for teachers on
Saturdays (I think it was twice a month?). There was no program to go
with the training, but we focused on the "elements of balanced math."
That PD turned into training for 2/3 teachers the following year, but
fell apart by the end of the year when the district went with adopting a
curriculum (Math in Focus). Five very different ways of instructing
math in the first 5 years of teaching. Obviously, I'm leaving out a
bunch of politics and emotions, but you can imagine the feelings and
frustrations and I'm sure many of you have very similar experiences.
Education changes frequently, but make the best with what we are given!
Craving more blog posts about math? Click below!


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NewsWatch TV is a game changer in the technology reviews industry. Their professional videos and easy to watch television series has consumers raving. Recently SteelSeries weighed in on their experience with NewsWatch TV when Senior Director of Marketing, Tori Pugliese, commented on the positive experience they had working with the NewsWatch team. The review can be found on NewsWatch's website at NewsWatchTV.com. Pugliese explains that not only was the entire NewsWatch team the epitome of professionalism, but they understood how public relations work for big companies like SteelSeries. They created an environment where SteelSeries could adequately market their products through accurate and thorough reviews. Pugliese explains that in a lot of ways it felt like they were speaking the same language, and then NewsWatch was able to turn around and translate that information into something that consumers could understand and get value from.
With more than 1,000 episodes on AMC and ION under their belt, NewsWatch TV has become a leader in technology reviews. Celebrities such as Carrie Underwood, Ted Danson, and Brooklyn Decker have all appeared on the television show. While they are skilled technology consultants, the NewsWatch team is also well versed in fashion, health, tourism, and medical breakthroughs. They take time to cover a variety of products and news throughout the 30-minute program.
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|Seven years jail for 'Fifty Shades of Grey' sex beast who abused Bradford teenager
Seven years jail for 'Fifty Shades of Grey' sex beast who abused Bradford teenager
A MAN has been jailed for seven years for sexually abusing a teenager with learning difficulties while forcing her to dress in Fifty Shades of Grey bondage kit.
Joseph Maxwell Spencer, 35, ruthlessly exploited the trusting Bradford girl to gratify his own pleasures, said the judge who sentenced him.
Spencer, who had been held in Leeds Prison for a year, wept loudly as he was yesterday led down to the cells at Bradford Crown Court.
He was convicted by the jury of causing or inciting the girl to engage in sexual activity and eight charges of making indecent photos of her.
Spencer was cleared of three allegations of having sex with the girl when she was 15.
During the trial, the jury was shown photos Spencer had taken of the bound and gagged girl posing indecently in a red and black basque.
Two film clips showed him having sex with her as she cried out in distress.
Judge Peter Benson said the girl, who had severe learning difficulties, behaved like a child of seven or eight when she was 15.
He told Spencer: "You exploited her vulnerability in a ruthless way and acquired a bondage kit based on the film Fifty Shades of Grey, and she was forced to dress up in it. It consisted of a gag, handcuffs, a red and black basque and a whip."
Although some of the photos may have been with the girl's consent, Spencer had inveigled his way into her affections to gratify his sexual pleasures. He tormented her on video while having sex with her when she was bound and gagged, the judge said.
"It was a most disgusting picture and you were acting with a degree of brutality which I am sure the jury found quite shocking," added Judge Benson.
During the trial, the court heard that Spencer ordered the Fifty Shades of Grey bondage kit on the internet after watching the film.
He was arrested after one of the girl's schoolteachers saw him walking hand-in-hand with her and police found the photos and film clips on his computer.
Spencer's barrister, Nicholas Barker, said he was previously of good character and had suffered trauma and tragedy fighting as a child soldier in Liberia.
Read more T&A
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As noun
the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (Δ, δ)
the consonant sound represented by this letter
the fourth in a series of items
anything triangular, like the Greek capital delta (Δ)
an incremental change in a variable, as Δ or δ
a nearly flat plain of alluvial deposit between diverging branches of the mouth of a river, often, though not necessarily, triangular:the Nile delta
(usually initial capital letter) a word used in communications to represent the letter D
(initial capital letter) Astronomy
a star that is usually the fourth brightest of a constellation:The fourth brightest star in the Southern Cross is Delta Crucis
As noun
a room or place equipped for cooking
culinary department; cuisine:This restaurant has a fine Italian kitchen
the staff or equipment of a kitchen
As adjective
of, relating to, or designed for use in a kitchen:kitchen window; kitchen curtains
employed in or assigned to a kitchen:kitchen help
of or resembling a pidginized language, especially one used for communication between employers and servants or other employees who do not speak the same language
As noun
any device for controlling the flow of liquid from a pipe or the like by opening or closing an orifice; tap; cock
As verb (used with object)
to turn aside or from a path or course; deflect
to route (traffic) on a detour
to draw off to a different course, purpose, etc
to distract from serious occupation; entertain or amuse
As verb (used without object)
to turn aside; veer:It is sad to see so much talent divert to trivial occupations
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A. 150 grams small octopus
200 grams of cabbage
1/4 red radish strips
Parsley right amount
B. the right amount of ginger
The right amount of spring onion
Low-gluten flour, 100 grams
The right amount of mayonnaise
The right amount of horseradish sauce
1. A material were washed diced and set aside.
2. The material is a practice with ginger, spring onion, low-gluten flour mix into the batter, then a small spoon to dig the right amount of batter onto the baking sheet (baking mat to be a piece of baking paper anti-sticking), each batter about 6-8 cm in diameter.
3. Place the pan into practice 2 preheated oven, lit with 200 ℃ plus whirlwind function, bake for about 15 minutes until golden brown roasted sided.
4. Remove the practice of burning 3 octopus pancake dish, topped with mayonnaise and horseradish sauce to flavor.


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Border Crossings: People and Places is an exciting opportunity to learn about another country in another country. The mobility project includes both Australian and European universities with four different cities from each!
About this website
This website gives you information about the joint mobility project "Border Crossings: People and Places", but also functions as the participating students' blog, where they reflect upon their experiences.
Latest posts
Search by Host University
TopicsAbout blogger About my week Adelaide Australia Australian sights Brisbane challenges Christmas Cultural differences culture Exams and classes first impressions Flinders food going home home identity Internship Jagiellonian james cook jessica Krakow language La Trobe life Life abroad Life Lessons Living with others malmö student Melbourne migration new zealand observations Preparations Settling in Sight-seeing Studies study Sweden Tips & tricks Townsville Travel uluru University life Utrecht


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I have a high frequency noise when using some of my microphones?The noise follows the operations on the front panel, i.e. follows the LEDs when these are flashing.
Please check the XLR cable(s) you are using.
We have seen that some cables (i.e. the cable attached to headset microphones*) where the XLR-housing is connected to pin 1. The solder tag for the XLR-housing is typically labeled "G" and connects to "Chassis-Ground"
Pin 1 on the XLR plug is "Audio-Ground" These two different grounds should not be connected.
Please refer to the picture below. The cable shield must be connected to pin 1 only.
* Note: i.e. the APEX-270 headset mic.
Contact Us
If you still can't find what you're looking for, contact us


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A few weeks ago I attended a Green Villages upcycling workshop, run by Julie Patterson from Cloth Fabric. Julie took us through a process where we were each given a brown paper bag full of fabric scraps. We had to take out one piece at a time and systematically start sewing the pieces together. After an hour we were finally allowed to start making some more aesthetic choices and then start embellishing our squares with buttons, ribbon and the like.
I was hugely inspired! When I got home I convinced my hubby that I wanted to cut up our bedding (which was a little worse for wear after 4 years), and turn it into new bedding! So I removed the middle front section of the duvet cover and patched together various scraps of fabric and old buttons to create a new middle section (while still using the back, top and bottom in pale green from the original.)
I used the same gaudy neon thread that I had landed at the workshop. This is not a colour I would usually choose, but am so glad I did, as it happens to be the colour of the season!
I have never done patchwork before and I wouldn't call this creation patchwork either… It really is just a patchy-duvet cover! My only expense for this project was one reel of neon pink thread for $1!
I made a duvet cover, redecorated 2 pillow cases, and a scatter cushion. (Above the bed you'll also see bunting that I made at last year's Christmas workshop with Julie too.)
So there you have it: I have redecorated our bedroom for $1 … and have even incorporated this season's trendy terrible neon pink/salmon too!
I'm so excited!


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Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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The Korean Society for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Editor in Chief :
Kim, Kun-Soo
Volume & Issues
Volume 10, Issue 6 - Dec 2000
Volume 10, Issue 5 - Oct 2000
Volume 10, Issue 4 - Aug 2000
Volume 10, Issue 3 - Jun 2000
Volume 10, Issue 2 - Apr 2000
Volume 10, Issue 1 - Feb 2000
Selecting the target year
Effect of Green Tea on Prostate and Seminal Vesicle in Rats Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
Kang, Kyung-Sun ; Li, Guang-Xun ; Park, Jin-Sung ; Lee, Beom-Jun ; Che, Jeong-Hwan ; Tae, Joo-Ho ; Cho, Jae-Jin ; Kim, Sung-Hoon ; Lee, Dong-Sik ; Lee, Yong-Soon ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 281~286
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, causes a variety of adverse effects on the male reproductive system in rats. The effect of green tea extract (GTE) was investigated on the testicular function in Spragure-Dawley rats after a single exposure of 10
TCDD/kg body weight. The exposure of rat to TCDD significantly increased the weights of the epididymis and ventral prostate, yet significantly decresed the weight of the seminal vesicle when compared to the controls (p<0.05). In a combined treatment of TCDD with GTE, the organ weight changes caused by TCDD treatment disappeared. Significant decreases in sperm motility and sperm numbers were observed in the TCDD-treated rats, when compared to the control (p<0.05). GTE treatment reversed the decrease of sperm motility and sperm numbers caused by TCDD. There were no differences in sperm morphology, histological changes of the reproductive organs, and spermatogenesis between all the treated groups. In the ventral prostate and seminal vesicle, TCDD increased the CYP1A1 mRNA level, however, it did not affect the estrogen receptor
) mRNA level. GTE treatment did not influence the effect of TCDD on the levels of CYP1A1 and Er-
mRNA. These results seem to indicate that green tea protects the testicular function against TCDD-induced reproductive toxicity, not because of a receptor-mediated mechanism but rather due to a secondary change of testes or accessory sex organs.
Expression of Murine GM-CSF in Recombinant Aspergillus niger
Kim, Nyoung-Ji ; Kwon, Tae-Ho ; Jang, Yong-Suk ; Yang, Moon-Sik ; Kim, Dae-Hyuk ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 287~292
Recombinant Aspergillus niger was constructed to express and secrete a biologically active murine granulaocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF). A 500 bp fragment encoding the signal peptide and terminator of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd). The hygromycin phosphotrasferase gene (hph) was used as a selection marker for the fungal transformants. An expression vector was introduced into A. niger ATCC 9642, and a Northern blot analysis indicated the presence of a considerable amount of transcripts from the introduced mGM-CSF. The biological activity of recombinant mGM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) isolated from the culture filtrate was confirmend by measuring the proliferationof the GM-CSF dependent FDC-P1 cell line. It appeared that rmGM-CSF was amenable to the proteolytic activity produced by A. niger, since biological actibity was only observed when the transformants were grown in a protease-repressing medium, and the activity of rmGM-CSF dramatically decreased with an increase of age of the culture. The yield of rmGM-CSF, as determined by ELISA. was 640 ng/l of culture filtrate. Accordingly, its specific activity is estimated to be approximately two-and-a-half times higher than that of a commercial preparation from E. coli.
Hormonal Effects of Several Chemicals in Recombinant Yeast, MCF-7 Cells and Uterotrophic Assays in Mice
Park, Jin-Sung ; Lee, Beom-Jun ; Kang, Kyung-Sun ; Tai, Joo-Ho ; Cho, Jae-Jin ; Cho, Myung-Haing ; Inoue, Tohru ; Lee, Yong-Soon ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 293~299
Many methods have been developed for screening chemicals with hormonal activity. Using recombinant yeasts expressing either human estrogen receptor [Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER + LYS 8127 (YER)] or androgen receptor [S. cerevisiae AR + 8320 (YAR)], we evaluated the hormonal activities of several chemicals by induction of
activity. The chemicals were
(E2), testosterone (T),
(NP), bisphenol A (BPA), genistein (GEN), 2-bromopropane (2-BP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and butylparaben (BP). To assess the estrogenicity of NP, the result of the in vitro recombinant yeast assay was compared with an E-screen assay using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and an uterotrophid assay using ovariectomized mice. In the YER yeast cells, E2, NP, BPA, GEN, and BP exhibited estrogenicity in a doseresponse manner, while TCDD did not. All the chemicals tested, except T, did not show androgenicity in the YAR yeast cell. The sensitivity of the yeast (YER) assay system to the estrogenic effect of NP was similar to that of the E-screen assay. NP was also estrogenic in the uterotrophic assay. However, in terms of convenience and costs, the yeast assay was superior to the E-screen assay or uterotrophic assay. These results suggest that the recombinant yeast assay can be used as a rapid tool for detecting chemicals with hormonal activities.
Impact of Physiological Stresses on Nitric Oxide Formation by Green Alga, Scenedesmus obliquus
Mallick, Nirupama ; Mohn, Friedrich-Helmuth ; Rai, Lalchand ; Soeder, Carl-J. ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 300~306
The rate of apparent nitric oxide (NO) release, as measured in the exhaust gas of green alga, Scenedesmus obliquus, depended on the light intensity and pH. It doubled after lowering the temperature from
and strongly decreased from
. The Scenedesmus cells, deficient in nitrogen or phosphorus, demonstrated a significant increase in NO production following their transfer to nitrate- and phosphate-rich media. The addition of herbicides (DCMU and glyphosate) or toxic concentrations of
produced strong NO peaks, resembling those that occurred after sudden darkening. An increase in the
concentration to 20 ppm resulted in a gradual increase of NO release from the initial ~1.5 ppbv to>20 ppbv, whereas
instantaneously suppressed the NO by the cultures of Scenedesmus was not altered by L-NNA, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or by its substrate, L-arginine. This seems to exclude the role of NOS in the NO formation under study. Accordingly, it can be assumed that the rate of NO formation is mainly a function of dynamic nitrite pool sizes and environmental factors significantly affect the NO production in algae.
Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Chitinase Produced by Marine Bacterium, Bacillus sp. LJ-25
Lee, Jung-Suck ; Joo, Dong-Sik ; Cho, Soon-Yeong ; Ha, Jin-Hwan ; Lee, Eung-Ho ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 307~311
Abstract Extracellular chitinase was purified from the culture liquid of the marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. LJ-25 , and its enzymatic properties were examined. The purified chitinase exhibited a single band on SDS-PAGE and the molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 50 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzymatic activity were 7.0 and
, respectively. The activity of the chitinase was strongly inhibited by
and slightly inhibited by
. The purified chitinase did not hydrolyze
and Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells, which are known to be the substrates for exo-type chitinase. Among the hydrolyzates of colloidal chitin,
was in the highest concentration with small amounts of GlcNAc and
Characterization of Plasmid pKJ36 from Bifidobacterium longum and Construction of an E. coli-Bifidobacterium Shuttle Vector
Park, Nyeong-Soo ; Shin, Dong-Woo ; Lee, Ke-Ho ; Ji, Geun-Eog ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 312~320
Abstract The full sequence of the plasmid pKJ36, which was derived from Bifidobacterium longum KJ, was determined and analyzed to construct shuttle vectors between E. coli and Bifidobacterium. The plasmid pKJ36 was composed of 3,625 base pairs with a 65.1% G+C content. The structural organization of pKJ36 was highly similar to that of pKJ50, and the three major ORFs on pKJ36 showed high amino acid sequence homologies with those of pKJ50. The putative proteins coded by these three ORFs were designated as RepB (32.0 kDa, pI=9.25), MembB (29.0 kDa, pI=12.25), and MobB (39.0 kDa, pI=IO.66), respectively. The amino acid sequence of RepB showed a 57% identity and 70% similarity with that of the RepA protein of pKJ50. Upstream of the repB gene, the so-called iteron sequence was directly repeated four-and-ahalf times and a conserved dnaA box was identified. An amino acid sequence comparison between the MobB and MobA of pKJ50 revealed a 48% identity and 61 % similarity. A conserved oriT sequence with an inverted repeat identical to that of pKJ50 was also found upstream of the mobB gene. A hydropathy analysis of MembB revealed four possible transmembrane regions. The expressions of the repB and membB genes were confirmed by RT-PCR. The in vitro translation reaction of pKJ36 showed protein bands with anticipated sizes with respect to each putative gene product. S 1 endonuclease treatment and Southern hybridization suggested that pKJ36 replicates by a rolling circle mechanism via a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) intermediate. A shuttle vector between E. coli and Bifidobacterium sp. was constructed using the pKJ36, pBR322, and staphylococcal chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. The successful transformation of the Bifidobacterium strains was shown by Southern hybridization and PCR. The transformation efficiency differed from strain to strain and, depending on the electroporation conditions, with a range between
Plasmid Stability in Long-Term hG-CSF Production Using
Promoter System of Escherichia coli
Choi, Seung-Jin ; Park, Doo-Hong ; Chung, Soo-Il ; Jung, Kyung-Hwan ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 321~326
To examine the feasibility of the long-term production of the human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) using the
promoter system of Escherichia coli, flask relay culture and cyclic fed-batch culture were performed. In the flask relay culture, it was found that the pismid was maintained stably up to about 170 generations in an uninduced condition, whereby the cells could also maintain the capability of expressing hG-CSF expression were maintained stably up to at least 100 generations. In contrast, in the cyclid fed-batch culture, segregational plasmid instability was observed within about 4 generations after induction, even though the cell growth and hG-CSF production reached their maximum balues, 78.0 g/l of dry cell weight and 7.0 g/l of hG-CSF, respectively. It would appear that, when compared to the flask relay culture, the high-cell density and high-level expression of hG-CSF in the cyclic fed-batch cultrure led to the segregational plasmid instability; in other words, a severe metabolic burden existe on the cells due to the high-level expression of hG-CSF. Accordingly, based on these long-term cultures, the segregational and structural plasmid instability was observed and a strategy to overcome such problems could be designed.
Cryopreservation of Suspension Cultures of Camptotheca acuminata
Kim, Sung-Hye ; Byun, Sang-Yo ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 327~332
Supended cells of Camptotheca acuminata were observed to lose their ability to synthesize camptothecin and its derivatives as a result of repeated cultures. Accordingly, the maintenance of high-yield cells by cryopreservation was sudied to overcome this stability problem, and various factors involved were optimized. Pregrowing the cells in 8% myoinositol for 4 days was found to be the most effective in improving survival. The highest survival was obtained when the pregrown cells were cryoprotected with a mixture of 10% DMSO, 0.6M mannitol, and 10% glycerol. When the cryopreserved cells were maintained in a freezer at
, 94% survival was obtained after 4 months. The survivals after 5 and 8 months of storage decreased to 52% and 45%, respectively. No loss of biosynthetic capacility of camptothecin was observed after short to medium term cryopreservation of C. acuminata.
The Possible Involvement of the Cell Surface in Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Utilization by an Oil-Degrading Yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica 180
Kim, Tae-Hyun ; Oh, Young-Sook ; Kim, Sang-Jin ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 333~337
An oil-degrading yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica 180, exhibits interesting cell surface characteristics under the growth on hydrocarbons. An electron microscopic study revealed that the cells grown on crude oil showed protrusions on the cell surface, and thicker periplasmic space and cell wall than the cell surface, and thicker periplasmic space and cell wall than the cells grown on glucose. Y. lipolytica cells lost its cell hydrophobicity after pronase(0.1 mg/ml) treatment. The strain produced two types of emulsifying materials during the growth on hydrocarbons; one was water-soluble extracellular materials and the other was cell wall-associated materials. Both emulsifying materials at lower concentration (0.12%) enhanced the oil-degrading activity of Moraxella sp. K12-7, which had medium emulsifying activity and negative cell hydrophobicity; however, it inhibited the oil-degrading activity of Pseudomunas sp. K12-5, which had medium emulsifying activity and cell hydrophobicity. These results suggest that the oil-degrading activity of Y. lipolytica 180 is closely associated with cell surface structure, and that a finely controlled application of Y.lipolytica 180 in combination with other oil-degrading microorganisms showed a possible enhancing efficiency of oil degradation.
Effects of NO and
on Growth of
Lee, Jung-Hwa ; Lee, Jin-Suk ; Shin, Chul-Seung ; Park, Soon-Chul ; Kim, Seung-Wook ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 338~343
The growth capabilities of three
microalgae under high concentrations of
were compared for their tolerance to
and NO, the major inhibitory compounds present in flue gases. Although all strains showed good growth with 15%
, Chlorella KR-1 exhibited the most desirable properties for
fixation among the strains compared. While Chlorella sp. HA-1 exhibited the best tolerance to NO among the other strains tested, Chlorella sp. KR-1 showed higher tolerance to
than the other two strains tested.
Biodegradation of Pyrene by the White Rot Fungus, Irpex lacteus
Hwang, Soon-Suk ; Song, Hong-Gyu ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 344~348
Abstract The removal percentage (94%) of 100 ppm of pyrene in a shaken culture of white rot fungus, Irpex lacteus, was much higher than that in a static culture (37.9%). Over 90% of the pyrene disappeared with I. lacteus grown at
, yet less than 50% was removed at
. The transformation rates of pyrene (
) were not very different among cultures with 5- 30% inoculum sizes, and over 90% of the 100 ppm pyrene was removed in every case during 20 days of incubation. The biodegradation of pyrene by I. lacteus was confirmed by measuring the
evolved from the mineralization of the added pyrene. The activity of lignin peroxidase (LiP), which is known to be involved in the biodegradation by white rot fungi, was high between 8 to 12 days of incubation. Although manganese peroxidase activity was demonstrated during the same period as LiP, its activity was quite low, and no laccase activity was detected. Even though the activity patterns of ligninolytic enzymes did not coincide with the pyrene removal, this study shows that I. lacteus has a high biodegrading capability and can be a candidate for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants.inants.
Isolation of High Yielding Alkaline Protease Mutants of Vibrio metschnikovii Strain RH530 and Detergency Properties of Enzyme
Chung, So-Sun ; Shin, Yong-Uk ; Kim, Hee-Jin ; Jin, Ghee-Hong ; Rho, Hyune-Mo ; Lee, Hyune-Hwan ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 349~354
Abstract A facultative alkalophilic gram-negative Vibrio metschnikovii strain RH530, isolated from the wastewater, produced several alkaline proteases (VAP) including six alkaline serine proteases and a metalloprotease. From this strain, high yielding YAP mutants were isolated by NTG treatment. The isolated mutant KS1 showed nine times more activity than the wild-type after optimization of the culture media. The production was regulated by catabolite repression when glucose was added to the medium. The effects of several organic nitrogen sources on the production of the YAP were investigated to avoid catabolite repression. The combination of 4% wheat gluten meal (WGM), 1.5% cotton seed flour (eSF), and 5% soybean meal (SBM) resulted in the best production when supplemented with 1% NaCl. The YAP showed a resistance to surfactants such as
sulfonate (AOS), polyoxy ethylene oxide (POE), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), yet not to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). However, the activity of the YAP was restored completely when incubated with LAS in the presence of POE or
. The YAP was stable in a liquid laundry detergent containing 6.6% SLES (sodium lauryl ether sulfate), 6.6% LAS, 19.8% POE, and stabilizing agents for more than two weeks at
, but the stability was sharply decreased even after 1 day when incubated at
. A washing performance test with the YAP exhibited it to be a good washing power by showing 51 % and 60% activity at
, respectively, thereby indicating that the YAP also has a good detergency at a low temperature. All the results suggest that the YAP produced from the mutant strain KSI has suitable properties for use in laundry detergents.rgents.
Expression of the HSV-1 (F) Glycoprotein B Gene in Insect Cells Infected by HcNPV Recombinant
Cha, Soung-Chul ; Kang, Hyun ; Lee, Sook-Yeon ; Park, Gap-Ju ; Lee, Hyung-Hoan ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 355~362
The Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) gene in the pHLA-21 plasmid was inserted into a baculovirus (Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus) expression vector (lacZ-HcNPV) to construct a recombinant virus gB-HcNPV expressing gB. Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with this recombinant virus synthesized and processed gB of approximately 120 kDa, which cross-reacted with the monoclonal antibody to gB. The recombinant gB was identified on the membrane of the insect cells using an immunofluorescence assay. Antibodies to this recombinant raised in mice recognize the viral gB and neutralized the infectivity of the HSV-1 in vitro. These results show that the gB gene has the potential to be expressed in insect cells. They also demonstrate that it is possible to produce a mature protein by gene transfer in eukaryotic cells, and indicate the utility of the lacZ-HcNPV-insect cell system for producing and characterizing eukaryotic proteins. Furthermore, the neutralizing antibodies would appear to protect mice against HSV. Accordingly, this particular recombinant protein may be useful in the development of a subunit vaccine.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Genus Sporobolomyces Based on Partial Sequences of 26S rDNA
Hong, Soon-Gyu ; Chun, Jong-Sik ; Nam, Jin-Sik ; Park, Yoon-Dong ; Bae, Kyung-Sook ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 363~366
The sequences of the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA from seven Sporobolomyces species, Bensingtonia subrosea, and Rhodosporicium toruloides were determined and compared with those from representatives of the genera Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, and Sporidiobolus. The five species of Sporobolomyces analyzed were distantly related to a monophyletic clade consisting of species of Sporidiobolaceae and Sporobolomycetaceae. Sporobolomyces falcatus was found to be closely related to Tremella exigua. The members of Sporidiobolaceae and Sporobolomycetaceae were divided into four groups. Group 1 was composed of Leucosporidium scottii and two Rhodotorula species, and group 2 contained three Rhodotorula species. Group 3 was designeate as the Sporobolomyces/Sporidiobolus core group, as it contained Sporidiobolus johnsonii, the type species of Sporidiobolus and the teleomorphic state of Sporobolomyces salmonicolor (the type species of Sporobolomyces). Group 4, named the Rhodotorula/Rhodosporidium core group, included Rhodosporidium toruloides and Rhodotorula glutinis, the type species of the genera Fhodosporidium and Rhodotorula, respectively. The four groups were differentiated on the basis of their physiological characteristics including the assimilation of D-glucosamine, glucuronate, 2-keto-gluconate, L-arabinitol, raffinose, methyl-
-glucoside, and satrch. The taxonomy of the genera Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, and Sporobolomyces will require a major revision when more data becomes available.
In Vitro Proliferation Model of Helicobacter pylori Required for Large-Scale Cultivation
Oh, Heung-Il ; Lee, Heung-Shick ; Kim, Kyung-Hyun ; Paek, Se-Hwan ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 367~374
The composition of dissolved gases and nutrients in a liquid medium were determined for establishment of the optimum conditions for in vitro culture of Helicobacter pylori. A microaerobic condition facored by the organism was prepared by adjusting the partial pressure of the gas, agitation speed, and viscosity of the medium. The gaseous concentrations were controlled by utilizing CampyPak Plus that reduced oxygen while augmenting carbon dioxide. Agitation of the broth facilitated the oxygen transfer to the cells, yet inhibited the growth at high rates. An increase of viscosity in the medium repressed the culture although this variable was relatively insignificant. The chemical constituents of the liquid broth were examined to establish an economic model for H. pylori cultivation. The microbe required a neutral pH for optimum growth, and yet was also able to proliferate in an acidic condition, presumably by releasing the acidity-modulating enzyme, urease. Cyclodextrin and casamino acid were investigated as growth enhancers in place of serum, while yeast extract unexpectedly inhibited the cells. A low concentration of glucose, the unique carbon source for the organism, increased the cell density, yet high concentrations resulted in an adverse effect. Under optimally dissolved gas conditions, the cell concentration in brucella broth supplemented with serum substitutes and glucose reached
viable cells/ml which was approximately 50% higher than that obtained in the liquid medium added with only cyclodextrin or serum.
Production of Hepatotoxin by the Cyanobacterium Scytonema sp. Strain BT 23
Ashok, Kumar ; Singh, D.P. ; Tyagi, M.B. ; Kumar, Arvind ; Prasuna, E.G. ; Thakur, J.K. ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 375~380
The preliminary screening of several cyanobacteria, using mice bioassay, reveale the production of a hepatotoxin by the cyanobacterium Scytonema sp. strain BT 23 isolated from soil. An intraperitoneal injection of the crude toxin (LD50 56 mg/kg body wt) from this strain caused the death of the mice within 40 min, and the anmals showed slinical signs of mice within 40 min, and the animals showed clinical signs of hepatotoxicity. The toxin was purified and partially characterized. The active fraction appears to be nonpolar in nature and shows absorption peaks at 240 and 285 nm. The purified toxin had an LD50 of TEX>$100<\mu\textrm{g}/kg$ body wt and the test mice died within 40 min of toxin administration. The toxin-treated mice showed a 1.65-fold increase in liver weight at 40 min and the liver color chnged to dark red due to intrahepatic hemorrhage and pooling of blood. Furthermore, the administration of the toxin to test mice induced a 2.58, 2.63, and 2.30-fold increse in the activity of the serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase, respectively. Further experiments with the 14C-labeled toxin revealed a maximum accumulation of the toxin in the liver. The clinical symptoms in the mice were similar to those produced by microcystin-L.R. These results suggest that hepatotoxins may also be produced in non bloom-forming planktonic cyanobacteria.
Calcium-Boron Interaction in Exopolysaccharide Production by the Cyanobacterium, Nostoc spongiaeforme
Singh ; Netu ; Asthana, R.K. ; Singh, S.P. ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 381~385
The effect and interaction of Ca and B on exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis in the diazotrophically growing cyanobacterium. Nostoc spongiaeforme, was investigated. The absence of B inhibited EPS synthesis 1.56-fold (
glucose equivalent/mg dry weight, 16 d) over the control cells (
glucose equivalent) grown in medium containing 0.5 mM Ca and
B. When B concentration was raised to
, EPS production was stimulated 1.8-fold. Reduction of Ca concentraion to one-half (0.25 mM) resulted in increased B demand (
) by the cells for EPS production at par with the normal sets. However, without Ca, EPS production also increased as B increased. Addition of B to a Ca-free medium stimulated cyanobacterial diazotrophic growth as well as synthesis of Chl a and phycocyanin (0-8 d). The data suggest B-dependent diazotrophic growth during Ca-deficiency and point to and important interactive role of Ca and B in regulation of cyanobacterial EPS synthesis.
New Family of Monoglucosylglyceride Diacyl Glycerol Lipids Containing Very Long Chain bifunctional Acyl Chains in Sarcina ventriculi
Jung, Seun-Ho ; Chi, Yong-Hoon ; Chang, Yoon-Seok ; Yi, Dong-Heui ; Kwon, Tae-Jong ; Hollingsworth, Rawle I. ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 386~393
Recent research on the fatty acyl chains in the membrane lipids in Sarcina ventriculi has shown that unusually long chain bifunctional fatty acyl components are the major components of the total lipid. However, these studies did not yield any information on the complete structures of the lipid species containing these fatty acids. In this study, the structures of a new family of glucolipids containing bifunctional acyl chains are described. These structures were determined using NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Spectroscopy, GC (Gas Chromatography)/MS (Mass Spectrometry), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, and FAB (Fast Atom Bombardment) mass spectrometric studies. One of the major bifunctional acyl components of the
-glucolipids was an
-formylmethyl ester indicating the presence of plasmalogen. The general structure of the lipid components was one in which the two head groups were separated by a membrane-spanning acyl species. One head group component is a glycerol moiety of each head group, and the other is a glyceryl clucoside. Two regular chain fatty acids, one on the glycerol moiety of each head group, are also present and meet in the middle of the membrane, roughly equidistant from each head group
Falcarindiol, a Polyacetylenic Compound Isolated from Peucedanum japonicum, Inhibits Mammalian DNA Topoisomerase I
Lee, Gwang ; Park, Hyoung-Gun ; Choi, Mi-Lim ; Kim, Young-Ho ; Park, Yong-Bok ; Song, Kyung-Sik ; Cheong, Chaejoon ; Bae, Young-Seuk ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 394~398
A methanol extract of the root of Peucedanum japonicum, used as a medicinal herb, showed an inhibitory effect on mammalian topoisomerase I activity. The methanol extract was suspended in ethyl acetate, and a topoisomerase I inhibitor in the organic soluble fraction was then isolated by silica gel and thin layer chromatography. The topoisomerase I inhibitory compound was indentified as falcarindiol based on the analysis of EI-MS,
H and \ulcornerC NMR spectroscopy. This inhibitory showed cytotoxicity against human leukemia Jurkat T and HL60 cells with an IC\ulcorner value of 7
/ml. These results suggest the possibility of falcarindiol as a new anticancer agent which can be expected to have a synergistic effect on other anticancer drugs. In addition, the present data show that falcarindiol has antifungal, yet not antibacterial, activity
MDP-Lys (L18), a Synthetic Muramyl Dipeptide Derivative, Enhances Antitumor Activity of an Inactivated Tumor Vaccine
Yoo, Yung-Choon ; Park, Seung-Yong ; Lee, Kyung-Bok ; Azuma, Ichiro ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 399~404
The adjuvant effect of a muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivative, MDP-Lys(L18), on enhancing of antitumor immunity induced by X-irradiated tumor cells against highly metastatic B16-BL6 melanoma cells was examined in mice. Mice immunized intradermally (i.d.) with a mixture of X-irradiated B16-BL6 cells and MDP-Lys (L18) [Vac+MDP-Lys (L18)] followed by an intravenous (i.v.)inoculation of
viable tumor cells 7 days after immunization, showed a significant inhibition of experimental lung metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells. The most effective immunization for the prophylactic inhibition of tumor metastasis was obtained from the mixture of
of MDP-Lys (L18) and
X-irradiatied tumor vaccine. Furthermore, immunization of mice with Vac+MDP-Lys(L18), 3 days after tumor challenge, resulted in a significant inhibition of lung metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in an experimental lung metastasis model. Similarly, the administration of Vac+MDP-Lys(L18), 1 or 7 days after tumor removal, markedly inhibited tumor metastasis of B16-BL6 in a spontaneous lung metastasis model. When Vac+MDP-Lys (L18) was i.d. administered 3 days after subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of tumor cells (
) on the back, mice treated with Vac+MDP-Lys(L18) showed inhibition of significantly tumor growth on day 20. These results suggest that MDP-Lys (L18) is able to enhance antitumor activity induced by X-irradiated tumor vaccine to reduce lung metastasis of tumor cells, and is a potent immunomodulating agent which may be applied prophylactically as well as therapeutically to treatment of cancer metastasis.
Analysis of the Genome of Symbiobacterium toebii by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis
Hong, Seung-Pyo ; Park, Jong-Hoon ; Kim, Yong-Seung ; Hwang, Hae-Jun ; Rhee, Sung-Keun ; Lee, Seung-Goo ; Sung, Moon-Hee ; Esaki, Nobuyoshi ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 405~409
We have studied the genome of an obligately commensal thermophile, Symbiobacterium toebii. The chromosome was extracted from pure cultures of S. toebii recently established. Total DNA of S. toebii was resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) into discrete numbers of fragments by digenstion with the endonuclease SspI, SpeI, XbaI, and HpaI. Estimated sizes of fragments produced by the four enzymes and their sum consistently yielded a total genome size of 2.8 Mb. Because restriction endonucleases NotI and SwaI, recognizing 8 bp, released too many fragments, these enzymes could not be used for the estimation of the genome size. Considering no mobility of undigested genome under PFGE, the genome of S. toebii appears to be circular. The presence of extrachromosomal DNA in S. toebii was excluded by the results of the conventional 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and the field inversion gel electrophoresis of undigested S. toebii DNA.
Denitrification Characteristics and Mircoorganism Composition of Acclimatec Denitrifier Consortium
Park, Enu-Ju ; Seo, Jae-Koan ; Kim, Joong-Kyun ; Suh, Kuen-Hack ; Kim, Sung-Koo ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 410~414
The effect of the COD/N ratio on denitrification characteristics was evaluated for the development of a denitrification process. Activated sludge, acclimated to an anoxic condition, was used as the denitrifier consortium (mixture of denitrifying organisms) for enhanced nitrogen removal in a recirculating aquarium system. Synthetic wastewater containing nitrate was used as the influent solution and glucose was used as the carbon source for denitrification. The COD/N ratio varied within a range of 1.5-7.2. The denitrification efficiency was higher than 97% even at a COD/N ratio of 1.5. Under a theoretical COD/N ratio of 3.0, nitrite was detected, however, the amount was less than 1% of the total influent nitrogen. The number of both nitrate-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria reached
with a COD/N ratio of 1.5 after 45 days of operation.
Transiently Experessed Salt-Stress Protection of Rice by Transfer of a Bacterial Gene, mtlD
Lee, Eun-A ; Kim, Jung-Dae ; Cha, Yoo-Kyung ; Woo, Dong-Ho ; Han, In-Seob ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 415~418
Productivity of a rice plant is greatly influenced by salt stress. One of the ways to achieve tolerance to salinity is to transfer genes encoding protective enzymes from other organisms, such as microorganisms. The bacterial gene, mtlD, which encodes mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (Mtl-DH), was introduced to the cytosol of a rice plant by an imbibition technique to overproduce mannitol. The germination and survival rate of the imbibed rice seeds were markedly increased by transferring the mtlD gene when it was delivered in either a pBIN19 or pBmin binary vector. When a polymerase chain reaction was performed with the genomic DNAs of the imbibed rice leaves as a template and with mtlD-specific primers, several lines were shown to contain an exogenous mtlD DNA. However, a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that not all of them showed an expression of this foreign gene. This paper demonstrates that the growth and germination of rice plants transiently transformed with the bacterial gene, mtlD, are enhanced and these enhancements may have resulted from the experssion of the mtlD gene. The imbibition method empolyed in this study fulfills the requirements for testing the function of such a putative gene in vivo prior to the production of a stable transgenic plant.
Simultaneous Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Using Thiobacillus sp. IW in a Three-Phase Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor
Kum, Sung-Hoon ; Oh, Kwang-Joong ; Moon, Jong-Hae ; Kim, Dong-Uk ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 419~422
A three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactor including Thiobacillus sp. IW was tested to remove H_2S and
simultaneously. The inlet
was oxidized to
by Thiobacillus sp. IW, and the
reacted with the
to form
. The removal efficiency of
was 98.4-99.9% for an inlet concentration of 36-730 ppm and that of
was 60.2-99.2% for an inlet concentration of 45-412 ppm. The removal efficiency of
was reduced when the inlet loading rate of
was increased above 10 mg/l/h. When the bioreactor was operated for 25 days with a lower inlet concentration of
compared with the of
, the bioreactor exhibited an excellent performance with a stable pH, dissolved oxygen content, and cell concentration.
Screening and Chacterization of Bacteriocinogenic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Jeot-Gal, a Korean Fermented Fish Food
Lee, Na-Kyong ; Jun, Song-Ae ; Ha, Jung-Uk ; Paik, Hyung-Dong ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 423~428
Bacteriocins are classified as proteins which are produced by heterogeneous groups of bacteria, having and antimicrobial effect of the closely related organisms. Recently, bacteriocins derived from lactic acid bacteria and other food-related organisms have been the subject of much research on potential food biopreservatives. The goal of this study was to screen and characterize the bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria from Jeot-gal(commercial fermented fish foods). All bacteriocinogenic isolates were identified as lactic acid bacteria. Isolates NK24, NK34, and SA72 were tentatively identified as Lactobacillus brevis, according to the API 50 CHL kit database. All antimicrobial substances produced from four lactic acid bacteria isolates completely lost their antibacterial activity after being treated with some proteases, indicating to their proteinaceous nature. The bacteriocin produced from isolates NK24, NK34, and SA72 showed a broad spectrum of activity when compared to those produced from isolate SA131. All bacteriocins isolated during the course of this study showed a bactericidal mode of inhibition.
Encystation of Giardia lamblia by High Bile and Alkaline pH and Its Ultrastructural Changes during Encystation
Yong, Tai-Soon ; Yang, Hye-Won ; Im, Kyung-Il ; Park, Soon-Jung ;
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 10, issue 3, 2000, Pages 429~433
Giardia lamblia, a human pathogen causing outbreaks of diarrhea, recently became a focus of great concerns in the fields of both medical and environmental microbioloty. To develop the experimental tools to study giardiasis, encystation, one of the major processes in its life cycle, was reconstituted by inducing an axenic culture of a flagellated form of G. lamblia into a cyst from under high concentration of bile and alkaline pH condition. The successful induction was confirmed by Northern analysis of resulting increased expression of the CWPl gene encoding the cyst wall protein 1. An examination of the encystation process with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) revealed that the trophozoite, a flagellate with a bilateral symmetry, was transformed to a cyst form with an oval-shape and defined filamentous wall. The encystation was found to cause a disappearance of the flagella and an invagination of the adhesive disc. An extensive formation of rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) was observed after 24h of induction, indication an active synthesis and export of proteins during this process. The vital staining of the invitro-induced systs showed that most cysts maintained their viability.
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September 7, 2011 | vineyards | Revana Vineyard
A Walk in the Clouds
Ann chriss
@ Jul 30, 2017 at 11:31 PM
Just discovered your blog, and I'm in LOVE with it! Amazing layout an content. Love your style, you rock!! Thanks a million and please carry on the rewarding work. I think this is engaging and eye-opening material. Thank you so much for caring about your content and your readers.


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For a few weeks, I've been brainstorming a clever way to make the official ask of my bridal party gals. While the groom-to-be invited his friends over for whiskey and cigars (surprising? no.), I felt like I wanted to do something a bit more strategic… PLUS, I have two bridesmaids who live far away and would need to be asked via mail (followed up with a quick phone call, of course!).
I couldn't find anything on Pinterest or Etsy that felt perfect, but I was able to cobble together an idea that I think is pretty cute on my own. I printed out a little note on cardstock for each girl, with the note:
Dear Beth,
Could I please reserve you for bridesmaid duties on April 16, 2016?
Love, Jess
Then, I ordered six 2016 calendars from the MeyerMarketDesigns shop on Etsy (including a 20 percent discount for the "bulk" order), circled the wedding date on the April sheet, and tied them each up in ribbon with the note on top.
Want to make them yourself? I've included FREE downloads that can easily be printed out, below.
Directions: Click on the below image to open the full-size JPG. Right click on the image when open and select "Save Image To" to save to your computer. Use this image as the background in a Word or Paint program and place desired text (use white-colored font) on top. OR, use the lowest image and use a chalk marker or silver Sharpie to write in your attendant's name, wedding date and sign yourself!


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Netherlands holidays
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Earlier this month, Apple announced the launch of the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus, sending technophiles into an expected tizzy.
The newest generation of the iPhone promises better and brighter features than any of its predecessors and now that the little white box has arrived, the next pressing matter at hand is: What do we cover it with?
With so many cases out there, it can be tough to whittle down the choices. Do we want a clear case showing off the pretty phone's (glossy or matte) new casing? One with a bright and cheeky message? A luxe leather lining that will only improve with age? Whether you're into fun patterns, bold colors, or minimalist design, there's a cover out there for everyone and we've rounded them up, keeping both form and function in mind.
We're already excited for all of the sharp, DSLR-quality 'grams to come (RIP, built-in headphone jack). Scroll through for 15 of our current favorites, many of which also offer options for the iPhone 7 Plus.