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Kombucha (also tea mushroom, Manchurian mushroom, formal name: Medusomyces gisevii[1]) is a variety of fermented, lightly effervescent sweetened black or green tea drinks commonly intended as functional beverages for their supposed health benefits. Kombucha is produced by fermenting tea using a "symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast" (SCOBY). Microbial populations in SCOBY cultures vary. The yeast component generally includes Saccharomyces c. and other species and the bacterial component almost always includes Gluconacetobacter xylinus to oxidize yeast-produced alcohols to acetic and other acids.[2][3]
Kombucha including the culture
|Cold beverage
|Country of origin
|Unknown; possibly China
Numerous claims of health benefits have been made from drinking kombucha, but there is no scientific evidence to support this view.[4] There have been rare cases of serious adverse effects, including fatalities, from the beverage, possibly arising from contamination during home preparation.[5][6] Drinking kombucha is not recommended for therapeutic use because its benefits are unverified and do not outweigh the possible risks.[4]
The exact origins of kombucha are not known.[7] It is thought to have originated in the area of Northeastern China and was traditionally consumed in that region, Russia, and eastern Europe.[8] Kombucha is home-brewed globally and some companies sell it commercially.[1]
The exact origins of kombucha are not known, although Manchuria is commonly cited as a likely place of origin.[7] It may have originated as recently as 200 years ago or as long as 2000 years ago.[9] The drink is reported to have been consumed in east Russia at least as early as 1900 and from there entered Europe.[10] Its consumption increased in the United States during the early 21st century.[9][11] Having an alcohol content of about 0.5%, kombucha is a federally regulated beverage in the United States, a factor that affected its commercial development in 2015.[12]
The word kombucha is of uncertain etymology, but may be a case of a misapplied loanword from Japanese.[13] In Japanese, the term kombucha (昆布茶, "kelp tea") refers to a completely different beverage, the kelp tea, made from dried and powdered kombu (an edible kelp from the Laminariaceae family). The term for the fermented tea in Japanese, is kōcha kinoko (紅茶キノコ, "fungus tea").[14] The American Heritage Dictionary suggests that it is probably from the "Japanese kombucha, tea made from kombu (the Japanese word for kelp perhaps being used by English speakers to designate fermented tea due to confusion or because the thick gelatinous film produced by the kombucha culture was thought to resemble seaweed)."[15] Writings about the beverage in Japanese generally take the point of view that the Japanese word 'kombucha' was mistakenly applied in English to what Japanese call "kocha kinoko."
Kombucha has about 80 other names worldwide.[16] A 1965 mycological study called kombucha "tea fungus" and listed other names: "teeschwamm, Japanese or Indonesian tea fungus, kombucha, wunderpilz, hongo, cajnij, fungus japonicus, and teekwass".[17] Some further spellings and synonyms include combucha and tschambucco, haipao, kargasok tea, kwassan, Manchurian fungus or mushroom, spumonto, as well as the misnomers champagne of life, and chai from the sea.[18]
Composition and propertiesEdit
A kombucha culture is a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), similar to mother of vinegar, containing one or more species each of bacteria and yeasts, which form a zoogleal mat[19] known as a "mother."[1] The cultures may contain one or more of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Candida stellata, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Zygosaccharomyces bailii.[20] There is a lack of research regarding its biological properties.[21]
The bacterial component of kombucha comprises several species, almost always including Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus, formerly Acetobacter xylinum), which ferments alcohols produced by the yeasts into acetic and other acids, increasing the acidity and limiting ethanol content.[22][citation needed] The population of bacteria and yeasts found to produce acetic acid has been reported to increase for the first 4 days of fermentation, decreasing thereafter.[citation needed] G. xylinus has been shown to produce microbial cellulose, and is reportedly responsible for most or all of the physical structure of the "mother", which may have been selectively encouraged over time for firmer (denser) and more robust cultures by brewers.[23][non-primary source needed]
The mixed, presumably symbiotic culture has been further described as being lichenous, in accord with the reported presence of the known lichenous natural product usnic acid, though as of 2015, no report appears indicating the standard cyanobacterial species of lichens in association with kombucha fungal components.[24]
It is made by putting the kombucha culture into a broth of sugared tea.[1] Kombucha tea made with less sugar may be unappealing.[25] Sucrose is converted, biochemically, into fructose and glucose, and these into gluconic acid and acetic acid, and these substances are present in the drink.[10] In addition, kombucha contains enzymes and amino acids, polyphenols, and various other organic acids; the exact quantities of these items vary between preparations. Other specific components include ethanol (see below), glucuronic acid, glycerol, lactic acid, usnic acid (a hepatotoxin, see above), and B-vitamins.[26][27][28] Kombucha has also been found to contain vitamin C.[29]
The alcohol content of the kombucha is usually less than 1%, but increases with fermentation time.[30] Over-fermentation generates high amounts of acids similar to vinegar.[1] The ph of the drink is typically about 2.5.[4]
Kombucha drink is prepared at home globally and some companies sell it commercially.[1] Commercially bottled kombucha became available in the late 1990s.[31] In 2010, elevated alcohol levels were found in many bottled kombucha products, leading retailers including Whole Foods to temporarily pull the drinks from store shelves.[32] In response, kombucha suppliers reformulated their products to have lower alcohol levels.[33]
By 2014 US sales of bottled kombucha were $400 million; $350 million of that was earned by Millennium Products, Inc. which sells "GT's Kombucha".[34] In 2014, the market was projected to have 30% growth, and companies that make and sell kombucha formed a trade organization, Kombucha Brewers International.[35] In 2016, PepsiCo purchased kombucha maker KeVita for approximately $200 million.[36]
Health claimsEdit
According to a 2000 review, "It has been claimed that Kombucha teas cure asthma, cataracts, diabetes, diarrhea, gout, herpes, insomnia and rheumatism. They are purported to shrink the prostate and expand the libido, reverse grey hair, remove wrinkles, relieve haemorrhoids, lower hypertension, prevent cancer, and promote general well-being. They are believed to stimulate the immune system, and have become popular among people who are HIV positive or have full-blown AIDS".[2] People drink kombucha for its many purported health benefits.[1] Research has been conducted using biological assays in vitro as well as in vivo studies using rats.[21] There have not been any human trials conducted to assess its possible biological effects,[1] and the purported health benefits resulting from its biological activities have not been demonstrated in humans.[21] A 2003 systematic review characterized kombucha as an "extreme example" of an unconventional remedy because of the great disparity between implausible, wide-ranging health claims lacking evidentiary support, and the potential risks of the product.[4] It concluded that the number of proposed, unsubstantiated, therapeutic claims did not outweigh the known risks, and that kombucha should not be recommended for therapeutic use, as it is in a class of "remedies that only seem to benefit those who sell them."[4]
Adverse effectsEdit
Reports of adverse effects related to kombucha consumption are rare, but may be underreported.[4] The American Cancer Society says that "Serious side effects and occasional deaths have been associated with drinking Kombucha tea".[6]
Adverse effects associated with kombucha consumption include severe hepatic (liver) and renal (kidney) toxicity as well as metabolic acidosis.[37][38][39] At least one person is known to have died after consuming kombucha, though the drink itself has never been conclusively proved a cause of death.[40][41]
Some adverse health effects may arise from the acidity of the tea causing acidosis and brewers are cautioned to avoid over-fermentation.[18][42][30] Other adverse health effects may be a result of bacterial or fungal contamination during the brewing process.[30] Some studies have found the hepatotoxin usnic acid in kombucha, although it is not known whether the cases of damage to the liver are due to the usnic acid contamination or to some other toxin.[38][24] Topical use of the tea has been associated with anthrax infection on the skin in one report, but kombucha contamination may have occurred during storage.[4]
Drinking kombucha can be harmful for people with preexisting ailments.[43] Due to its microbial sourcing and possible non-sterile packaging, kombucha is not recommended for people with poor immune function,[18] women who are pregnant or nursing, or children under 4 years old.[30] It may compromise immune responses or stomach acidity in these susceptible populations.[18]
Other usesEdit
Kombucha culture, when dried, becomes a leather-like textile known as a microbial cellulose that can be molded onto forms to create seamless clothing.[44][45] Using different broth media such as coffee, black tea, and green tea to grow the kombucha culture results in different textile colors, although the textile can also be dyed using plant-based dyes.[46] Different growth media and dyes also change the textile's feel and texture.[46]
See alsoEdit
- ^ a b c d e f g h Jayabalan, Rasu (21 June 2014). "A Review on Kombucha Tea—Microbiology, Composition, Fermentation, Beneficial Effects, Toxicity, and Tea Fungus". Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 13 (4): 538–550. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12073.
- ^ a b Jarrell J, Cal T, Bennett JW (2000). "The Kombucha Consortia of yeasts and bacteria". Mycologist. Elsevier. 14 (4): 166–170. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(00)80034-8.
- ^ Jonas, Rainer; Farah, Luiz F. "Production and application of microbial cellulose". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 59 (1-3): 101–106. doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00197-3.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ernst E (2003). "Kombucha: a systematic review of the clinical evidence". Forschende Komplementärmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde. 10 (2): 85–87. doi:10.1159/000071667. PMID 12808367.
- ^ Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. "Kombucha". www.mskcc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
- ^ a b Russell J, Rovere A, eds. (2009). "Kombucha Tea". American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies (2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. pp. 629–633. ISBN 9780944235713.
Serious side effects and occasional deaths have been associated with drinking Kombucha tea
- ^ a b The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets. Oxford University Press. 1 April 2015. pp. 720–. ISBN 978-0-19-931362-4.
- ^ Troitino, Christina. "Kombucha 101: Demystifying The Past, Present And Future Of The Fermented Tea Drink". Forbes. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
- ^ a b Hamblin, James (8 December 2016). "Is Fermented Tea Making People Feel Enlightened Because of ... Alcohol?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ a b Sreeramulu, G; Zhu, Y; Knol, W (2000). "Kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48 (6): 2589–94. doi:10.1021/jf991333m. PMID 10888589.
- ^ Sandor Ellix Katz (2012). The Art of Fermentation: An In-depth Exploration of Essential Concepts and Processes from Around the World. Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 167–. ISBN 978-1-60358-286-5.
- ^ Wyatt, Kristen (12 October 2015). "As kombucha sales boom, makers ask feds for new alcohol test". Associated Press. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ Algeo, John; Algeo, Adele (1997). "Among the New Words". American Speech. 72 (2): 183–97. doi:10.2307/455789. JSTOR 455789.
- ^ Wong, Crystal (12 July 2007). "U.S. 'kombucha': Smelly and No Kelp". Japan Times. Retrieved 14 June 2015..
- ^ "Kombucha". American Heritage Dictionary (Fifth ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ^ O'Neill, Molly (28 December 1994). "A Magic Mushroom Or a Toxic Fad?". New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
- ^ Hesseltine, C. W. (1965). "A Millennium of Fungi, Food, and Fermentation". Mycologia. 57 (2): 149–97. doi:10.2307/3756821. JSTOR 3756821. PMID 14261924.
- ^ a b c d "Kombucha". Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ^ Blanc, Phillipe J (February 1996). "Characterization of the tea fungus metabolites". Biotechnology Letters. 18 (2): 139–142. doi:10.1007/BF00128667. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ Dufresne, C.; Farnworth, E. (2000). "Tea, Kombucha, and health: a review". Food Research International. 33 (6): 409–421. doi:10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00067-3. ISSN 0963-9969.
- ^ a b c Villarreal-Soto, Silvia Alejandra; Beaufort, Sandra; Bouajila, Jalloul; Souchard, Jean-Pierre; Taillandier, Patricia (2018). "Understanding Kombucha Tea Fermentation: A Review". Journal of Food Science. 83 (3): 580–588. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.14068. ISSN 0022-1147. PMID 29508944.
- ^ "Fermentation and metabolic characteristics of Gluconacetobacter oboediens for different carbon sources". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 87 (1): 127–136. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2474-x.
- ^ Nguyen, VT; Flanagan, B; Gidley, MJ; Dykes, GA (2008). "Characterization of cellulose production by a gluconacetobacter xylinus strain from kombucha". Current Microbiology. 57 (5): 449–53. doi:10.1007/s00284-008-9228-3. PMID 18704575.
- ^ a b "Drug record, Usnic acid (Usnea species)". LiverTox. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ Hannah Crum; Alex LaGory (2016). The Big Book of Kombucha: Brewing, Flavoring, and Enjoying the Benefits of Fermented Tea. Storey Publishing, LLC. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-61212-433-9.
- ^ Teoh, AL; Heard, G; Cox, J (2004). "Yeast ecology of kombucha fermentation". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 95 (2): 119–26. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.020. PMID 15282124.
- ^ Dufresne, C; Farnworth, E (2000). "Tea, kombucha, and health: A review". Food Research International. 33 (6): 409–421. doi:10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00067-3.
- ^ Velicanski, A; Cvetkovic, D; Markov, S; Tumbas, V; et al. (2007). "Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of lemon balm Kombucha". Acta Periodica Technologica (38): 165–72. doi:10.2298/APT0738165V.
- ^ Bauer-Petrovska, B; Petrushevska-Tozi, L (2000). "Mineral and water soluble vitamin content in the kombucha drink". International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 35 (2): 201–5. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2621.2000.00342.x.
- ^ a b c d Food Safety Assessment of Kombucha Tea Recipe and Food Safety Plan (PDF) (Report). Food Issue, Notes From the Field. British Columbia (BC) Centre for Disease Control. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- ^ Wollan, Malia (24 March 2010). "A Strange Brew May Be a Good Thing". NYTimes. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ Rothman, Max (2 May 2013). "'Kombucha Crisis' Fuels Progress". BevNET. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ Crum, Hannah (23 August 2011). "The Kombucha Crisis: One Year Later". BevNET. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ^ Narula, Svati Kirsten (26 March 2015). "The American kombucha craze, in one home-brewed chart". Quartz. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ^ Carr, Coeli (9 August 2014). "Kombucha cha-ching: A probiotic tea fizzes up strong growth". CNBC. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ^ Esterl, Mike (23 November 2016). "Slow Start for Soda Industry's Push to Cut Calories". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- ^ Dasgupta, Amitava (2011). Effects of Herbal Supplements on Clinical Laboratory Test Results. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 24, 108, 112. ISBN 978-3-1102-4561-5.
- ^ a b Dasgupta, Amitava (2013). "Effects of herbal remedies on clinical laboratory tests". In Dasgupta, Amitava; Sepulveda, Jorge L. Accurate Results in the Clinical Laboratory: A Guide to Error Detection and Correction. Amsterdam, NH: Elsevier. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-0-1241-5783-5.
- ^ Abdualmjid, Reem J; Sergi, Consolato (2013). "Hepatotoxic Botanicals—An Evidence-based Systematic Review". Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16 (3): 376–404. PMID 24021288.
- ^ Bryant BJ, Knights KM (2011). Chapter 3: Over-the-counter Drugs and Complementary Therapies. Pharmacology for Health Professionals (3rd ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-7295-3929-6.
Kombucha has been associated with illnesses and death. A tea made from Kombucha is said to be a tonic, but several people have been hospitalised and at least one woman died after taking this product. The cause could not be directly linked to Kombucha. Several theories were offered, e.g. The tea might have reacted with other medications that the woman was taking, or bacteria might grow in the Kombucha liquid and, in patients with suppressed immunity, might prove to be fatal.
- ^ Unexplained Severe Illness Possibly Associated with Consumption of Kombucha Tea -- Iowa, 1995 (Report). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 44. CDC. 8 December 1995. pp. 892–893, 899–900. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ Nummer, Brian A. (November 2013). "Kombucha Brewing Under the Food and Drug Administration Model Food Code: Risk Analysis and Processing Guidance". Journal of Environmental Health. 76 (4): 8–11. PMID 24341155.
- ^ Greenwalt, C. J.; Steinkraus, K. H.; Ledford, R. A. (2000). "Kombucha, the Fermented Tea: Microbiology, Composition, and Claimed Health Effects". Journal of Food Protection. 63 (7): 976–981. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-63.7.976. ISSN 0362-028X. PMID 10914673.
- ^ Grushkin, Daniel (17 February 2015). "Meet the Woman Who Wants to Grow Clothing in a Lab". Popular Science. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ Oiljala, Leena (9 September 2014). "BIOCOUTURE Creates Kombucha Mushroom Fabric For Fashion & Architecture". Pratt Institute. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ a b Hinchliffe, Jessica (25 September 2014). "'Scary and gross': Queensland fashion students grow garments in jars with kombucha". ABCNet.net.au. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kombucha.


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Category Archives: travel advisor
My Journey And Ultimate Guide to Mauritius
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A study found that 93 percent of 75.3 million Millennials want to own a home in the near future
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An infographic created by Mortgage Master, using data from various housing studies, shows that the age group will spend around $2 trillion on home purchases. The infographic also reveals several other features that make the age group unique.


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Our lovely lovely paper is physically ending, only for now
May 18, 2017 – Remembering Chris Cornell
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By Chloe Peter
April 20, 2017
William Shakespeare's Macbeth premiered in 1606. 411 years later, it is still being performed, recently for Flushing High School Juniors and Seniors.
By Chloe Peter
March 27, 2017
On her first day of high school, Mandy Jaster thought, "Wow. There really are all the stereotypes." "You could see the jocks," she explained, "You could see the goths clustered in the hall.You could see all those super preppy, gorgeous girls, and that group of nerds… everyone does have their group and that's been hard." This was a far cry from what Mandy was used to; not only was it her first day at FHS, it was her first day of school. After years of homeschooling, the senior was coming to public school for the first time.
March 9, 2017
A brief reflection and a few following interviews on the power music has on our memories.
May 16, 2017
I don't listen to many podcasts. I love public radio but I never seem to find the time to just sit and listen to a story more than a few minutes long. After much battering...
April 23, 2017
I landed in D.C. a couple hours after the large Science March on Washington occurred on the National Mall. After settling into our hotel room, my dad and I decided to take...
April 18, 2017
In 140 characters, the most powerful man in the world can do a lot. He's called celebrities overrated, criticized foreign leaders, and has even gone as far as to attack...


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Words that start with epitheliog
Found 4 words that start with epitheliog. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words starting with epitheliog. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing epitheliog
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In the CEO succession stakes, spare a thought for the next in line. Whoever it is hardly ever looks as good or as suitable as the one departing. The board of directors has to manage what turns out to be a fraught process because there is rarely an ideal candidate. No matter how carefully the long-term succession plan has been put in place, and no matter how much is invested in the preparation of the next in line, the final result is, increasingly, a somewhat unsatisfactory compromise.
With the announcement of Jacko Maree stepping down from his position as CEO of Standard Bank this scenario has once again played itself out. Instead of one anointed successor taking over as everyone inside the business and in the market expects, the board has decided to give the job to two of its executives, who will be joint chief executives. The market has not responded favourably. The bank has defended the decision by referring to the complementary skills of Simpiwe "Sim" Tshabalala and Ben Kruger, and has pointed out that the joint chief executive structure is not without precedent. Critics have alluded to the potential for "two camps" and the possibility that such a decision could lead to a fractured leadership.
More important perhaps is the message the decision sends to the market, on the one hand, and to the two candidates on the other. To the market it is evident that, despite a well-crafted succession plan that has been running for some years now, the man targeted all along, Tshabalala, is still thought to be too lightweight and not quite up to it. Why not? He is 45 years old, the same age as Maree was when he became the chief executive, and has been at the top of the bank's structure for some time now. If he is not ready now, when will he be?
Trying to manage the risk of appointing someone perceived to be too lightweight, but at the same time bowing to our country's empowerment imperatives, the final decision is a somewhat disappointing compromise. It also implies, unfortunately, that Maree has failed in the most important task of a CEO: that of ensuring that a well-trained and wholly suitable successor is ready to take over when he leaves.
To the candidate, even if Tshabalala himself might acknowledge he is not yet ready, confirming this notion by appointing someone to work alongside deprives him of the vote of confidence that could have given him the final lift and established his own confidence.
There are many examples of the job making the man. If Tshabalala had been appointed without Kruger providing a measure of shareholder comfort alongside him, he may have had some difficulty living up to expectations and the sheer size of the challenge at first, but would most likely have risen to it once he found his stride. Other chief executives have been shaped and have grown through doing the job.
Referring to other examples of big corporates being managed by joint chief executives, or the German model of doing the same, somehow does not provide a satisfactory explanation. If a joint situation had been intended all along, the outcome may have been more acceptable. But this is clearly a compromise because the board couldn't reach the ideal of a single suitable appointment.
Also disappointing to the stakeholder community observing the whole thing is that Standard Bank, which has had an exemplary track record of preparing a well-qualified black candidate to succeed to the CEO position, in the end also appoints a white joint chief executive to shore up the risk. If Standard bank couldn't get it right what business could? Could a more satisfying decision have been to appoint Tshabalala as the chief executive and Kruger as the chief operating officer reporting to him? If, as they say, Tshabalala will be the head of South Africa and Kruger the head of the investment bank, why not make each the CEO of his own domain with full responsibility for that business instead of the "joint" title which somehow smacks of indecision? Pundits say Tshabalala will end up running the bank eventually and Kruger will stand back in due course, but it's not an inspiring vision for the moment is it?
The "divine art of compromise" might well be a sound strategy in the circumstances and in the end the only practical solution, but it leaves everyone just a little disappointed. It robs the candidate of the full confidence of the board and the opportunity to grow into proper chief executive stature. It also deprives those shareholders who like to "back the jockey" of a focus for their faith in an investment.
Several other big leadership transitions are in play at present and compromise seems to be where most are heading. In Kenya Raila Odinga is challenging the outcome of the election in which Uhuru Kenyatta has won more votes. Both have big constituencies but the neat process of democracy does not appear to be working.
In Venezuela the untimely death of Hugo Chavez has sent the country and his ardent worshippers into a tailspin. His likely successor and the man now anointed as acting president, Nicolas Maduro says "the presidency belongs to our commandante". Chavez's body is to be embalmed and he is likely to live in the minds of his people as the ideal of a president with anyone else having to try and live up to a much inflated expectation. The next president will have the shadow of Chavez hovering over him for a long time to come.
A similar succession process is going on the Catholic Church. The cardinals are now in the conclave and there must be a great deal of debate about the attributes necessary to being the best leader for the world's Catholics. The church is growing most rapidly in Africa and in Latin America. So, should a new pope be from either of these rising constituencies? If one and not the other, will this also lead to a compromise?
Two Harvard Business Review blog network posts are worth noting. Morra Aarons-Mele's comment last month was "compromise is not a dirty word" and John Baldoni some time ago said "compromise can be an act of leadership". In the piece he says: "Webster's New World Dictionary defines compromise as primarily 'a settlement in which each side gives up some demands or makes concessions.' Unfortunately the word compromise has become a pejorative term, something akin to selling out." DM
Johann Redelinghuys writes in his personal capacity, not as a representative of Heidrick & Struggles.
Johann Redelinghuys is a partner at Heidrick & Struggles the international leadership consulting business, which bought the firm Redelinghuys & Partners of which he was the founder. He has been deeply involved in career management and executive search all his life. He is the chairman of the South African company and now heads up its board practice working with chairmen and CEOs focussed on CEO succession, strategic leadership review and board evaluation.
The filming of The Beach permanently damaged the ecosystem on the Thai island it was located on.


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Howard Stern Said Trump Wanted Hillary To Win
Howard Stern Claims Trump Dislikes New Job
Recently, talk show host Howard Stern told his audience that he believes "nobody wanted Hillary [Clinton] to win more than Donald Trump." Stern is talking about Trump's lifestyle, prior to the election.
"I've seen it up close. [Trump's] got this kind of life that politicians want." Stern believes Trump misses that former life based on an interview where he was somewhat reminiscing about life before the Presidency.
'I loved my previous life," said Trump.
Trump Had It All, Says Stern
"Seventy-year-old guy who has made so much money — he's made billions of dollars — that he has his own helicopter, he has his own airplane," said Stern. "He's got his hot wife. He's got fame from a No. 1 television show."
"Believe me, nobody wanted Hillary to win more than Donald Trump," concluded Stern. "He didn't need this. He's got the life you dream of…. He's sitting in the White House dreaming about getting to Mar-a-Lago where he was. He had it all."
Trump has said he thought the job would be easier than it is.
Trump Misses Certain Freedoms Outside Presidency
Reuters reports:
"[Trump] misses driving, feels as if he is in a cocoon, and is surprised how hard his new job is. President Donald Trump on Thursday reflected on his first 100 days in office with a wistful look at his life before the White House. "I loved my previous life. I had so many things going," Trump told Reuters in an interview.
"This is more work than in my previous life. I thought it would be easier."


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For all those boat owners wondering what the market is like at the moment – it seems pretty buoyant to me.
I had intended to put Zulu on the market in the summer but last Friday I started to write an advert on Apolloduck – one thing led to another and I decided to test the water, as it were and pressed the "publish" button.
Within three days I had a dozen enquiries, some more serious than others.
And by Tuesday I had a buyer who collected Zulu yesterday. I would therefore say that the market is fairly alive certainly in this lower end price range.
So best of luck to the new owners – I know you have a nice mooring already and hopefully Zulu will give you as much pleasure as I have had during almost three years of ownership. Doesn't time fly!
Now I wonder whether I have saved enough to buy another one……..


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Spark's Mammoth
Largest of all Californian apricots, but of outstanding eating quality, and the fruit variety we have gone to greatest trouble to secure and maintain. Truly enormous, to four inches in breadth, deep orange, with the same rich, sweet melting flesh of Royal. Never sufficiently productive to become a commercial fruit, Spark's Mammoth is ideal for the home gardener ... one fruit makes a meal! Early July. 750 hours. On Citation.
In Stock: 0


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Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of Ulmo honey from Chile and Manuka honey against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Peer Reviewed
Document Type
Publication Date
Angiosperm, Apitherapy, Chile, Comparative Study, Drug Effect, Escherichia Coli, Honey, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Microbiological Examination, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
The original publication is available at http://www.biomedcentral.com
BACKGROUND: Honey has previously been shown to have wound healing and antimicrobial properties, but this is dependent on the type of honey, geographical location and flower from which the final product is derived. We tested the antimicrobial activity of a Chilean honey made by Apis mellifera (honeybee) originating from the Ulmo tree (Eucryphia cordifolia), against selected strains of bacteria. METHODS: Ulmo 90 honey was compared with manuka UMF 25+ (Comvita) honey and a laboratory synthesised (artificial) honey. An agar well diffusion assay and a 96 well minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) spectrophotometric-based assay were used to assess antimicrobial activity against five strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS: Initial screening with the agar diffusion assay demonstrated that Ulmo 90 honey had greater antibacterial activity against all MRSA isolates tested than manuka honey and similar activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The MIC assay, showed that a lower MIC was observed with Ulmo 90 honey (3.1% - 6.3% v/v) than with manuka honey (12.5% v/v) for all five MRSA isolates. For the E. coli and Pseudomonas strains equivalent MICs were observed (12.5% v/v). The MIC for artificial honey was 50% v/v. The minimum bactericidal concentration for all isolates tested for Ulmo 90 honey was identical to the MIC. Unlike manuka honey, Ulmo 90 honey activity is largely due to hydrogen peroxide production. CONCLUSIONS: Due to its high antimicrobial activity, Ulmo 90 may warrant further investigation as a possible alternative therapy for wound healing.
Medicine and Health Sciences
Sherlock O, Dolan A, Athman R, Power A, Gethin G, Cowman S, Humphreys H. Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of Ulmo honey from Chile and Manuka honey against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Complementary and Alternative Mededicine. 2010; 10:47.
PubMed ID
Link to this item at
DOI Link


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FHSU MBA GMAT Fee Waivers
The FHSU MBA program has a limited number of GMAT fee waivers available each academic year to help economically disadvantaged students and FHSU alumni interested in pursuing a MBA at FHSU. If approved, the fee waiver can be used for one test administration. Students are not eligible for multiple fee waiver awards.
Students must have applied for admission to the FHSU MBA program and have official transcripts on file in the FHSU Graduate School at the time of selection.
- Must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident
- Must be in good academic standing (if a current student) or good academic standing at the time of graduation
Consideration is given to, but is not limited to, students from the following groups:
- FHSU undergraduate students or alumni
- Displaced workers
- Under-employed college graduates
- Active military personnel or their spouses
- Military veterans
The FHSU MBA Committee will review completed fee waiver applications including the application, resume, and unofficial transcripts. The deadline to apply for a GMAT fee waiver at FHSU is April 1. Students selected will be notified with instructions on how to register for the GMAT using a fee waiver by May 1.


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Hey, everyone! This is dedicated to my new favorite jewelry brand, The Rogue and The Wolf. I found this witchy brand on Instagram and fell in love. The edgy, mystical vibes speak volumes through their entire line.
There is nothing tradition about this brand... they are in a league all their own. They are based in the UK and offer 3D printed jewelry in a large range of designs. I currently own three items that I bought last December and they have become staples in my wardrobe. The quality is there and the price is fair.
Rogue and Wolf ECLIPSE Necklace
My first piece -- and reason for my 1st order! -- is the iconic ECLIPSE Necklace in black. I can see why this is one of their best sellers... how could it not? I LOVE all the details engraved across the pendant along with the gunmetal chain. In all seriousness, even the damn tag is perfect!
Rogue and Wolf CHRONOS Earrings
Here's my favorite :) These are my Chronos Earrings, which are inspired by the phases of the moon. They are EVERYTHING I hoped they would be!
I love the length, design and overall look. They are effortless to wear and feel almost weightless... yes, please! You can easily dress them up or wear them super casual with a black tee. I adore these earrings!
Rogue and Wolf RHEA Ring
Final piece in my collection is the Rhea Ring which I ordered a size 6. The fit is perfect and it is very comfortable to wear. I've received several compliments while wearing this!
To note: make sure you take it off around water, otherwise it does leave some black staining... nothing serious (it washes right off), just wanted to mention it. Such a great piece though, I want to try their Hunt and Cat Ears rings next! Haha the addiction is REAL!
Those are my thoughts on The Rogue and The Wolf -- Like I've said before, this is such a unique brand and the style just speaks to me! I hope you take a look for yourselves :) Have you tried any of their pieces?
Their website: The Rogue and The Wolf
I hope you enjoyed! Feel free to follow my site for future posts. As always, thanks for stopping by :) Have a great day and talk with you soon!
Lots of Love,


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Cayenne beds
Corona Del Mar Tanning Salon Cayenne
Silver Bullet (Exclusive to BareTan)
- User controlled body & face tanning intensity with body & face misty breeze system.
- Tan time: 12 minute max with High pressure facials with XTT(X-Treme Tan Techology).
- User controlled body cooling with self-contained air conditioner.
- European style bronzing bed with large tanning surface, 48 VHR bulbs, 6 Separate facial tanners that can be adjusted to low, medium, high, or off
- On board air conditioning unit with shoulder tanners.
- Has under 4% UVB rays. Due to higher UVA rays, it usually takes only 3-5 sessions for the tan to mature and see a noticeable difference For base tan come 2 days on 1 day off for 10-14 days, then only 1-2 times per week for maintenance.
- These beds give a deeper longer lasting tan which is why it requires less maintenance Since its low in UVB rays, you are less likely to get a pink reaction. A more suitable choice for those who burn easily.
- We offer minute packages which never expire.


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Laundry Lockers
Garment Dispensing and Laundry Collection Lockers for many work environments
Need to organise the allocation of clean workwear and collect soiled clothing for washing at the laundry? Safe Options has the answer.
We offer both Clean Garment Dispenser Lockers as well as Bulk Collector Lockers for dirty clothing required for laundry. We offer Laundry Lockers from Probe - all British made with great after sales service from Safe Options.
- Collect Dirty Laundry with the Probe Collector
- Dispense Clean Uniforms and Workwear
- Probe Laundry dispensers have 3 options - 5, 10 or 15 compartments
- Each employee has their own individual locker compartment
- Clean workwear can be desposited simply by opening the entire locker - no need to open each individual compartment
Related Help & Advice for Laundry Lockers
Laundry Lockers Store Clean and Dirty Workwear
Laundry lockers are a neat way to dispense clean clothing, or to safely collect soiled uniforms and workwear.
Grid List
1 Items
Dirty Workwear Laundry Collector Locker- Probe
The Probe Dirty Laundry Collector Locker has been designed for the collection of soiled workwear garments and overalls, these are deposited via the "post box" style aperture at the top of the door.
Coated with an anti-bacterial finish that kills 99.9% of infections such as MRSA. Offering 4 different types of locking mechanisms, 3 body colou...
- 1 Compartment
- Steel Panel Doors
- Key Lock, Padlock Hasp Fitting, Digital Electronic Lock, 4 Wheel Number Lock
- Anti-Bacterial Powder Coating
- 10-15 business days - Kerbside Delivery
- 30
- 1780
- No
- No


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Tata LPK 2518 proven engine and stronger aggregates ensures best-in-class fuel efficiency with higher performance in every trip
Most reliable and powerful 183 kW Engine delivers higher 680 Nm Torque at lower r/min. Ensures higher productivity in every trip
Proven Tata G-750 6 Speed gearbox (6F+1R) with Twin Synchro cone ensures optimum gear ratios for improved efficiency and smoother gear shift resulting in increased driving comfort.
More friction area (380 mm diameter clutch) for better power transmission. It also increases life of the clutch assembly and reduces maintenance cost.
Heavy Duty Single reduction Tandem Axle to ensure better life and enhanced load bearing capacity.
Best-in-class ladder type heavy duty chassis frame with more depth and thickness to take care of extensive field impacts.Frame Dimensions - 285 mm x 65 mm x 7 mm
Company built safe and strong fixed all-steel cabin for better Safety and comfort.
Best-in-class gradeability gives best in class productivity
Warranty on Driveline*$ 4 Years or 4000 Hrs
Warranty on Vehicle* 2 Years or 2000 Hrs
* whichever occurs first
$ Driveline consists of Engine, Transmission and Rear Axle
Application - Aggregate, Sand, Road Construction
Application - Coal, Fly Ash, Municipal applications
© Copyright 2018 - Tata Motors | Disclaimer | Sitemap
The specifications are subject to change without notice. These are indicative specification for reference only. For optimum performance the vehicle should be operated in Rated GVW only.
Do not weld on chassis frame. Accessories shown in the picture or elsewhere may not constitute standard fitment.


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Image Source: HBO
Oh my word….where to even begin. I have complained in some of my previous blog posts that Game of Thrones dragged its feet a little bit in some of the episodes prior to the finale but it definitely made up for it in this last episode. Every scene was important. I do believe maybe the Dorne storyline or Brienne and Podrick's storyline could have been shortened a little bit seeing as very little to nothing happened with both of those all season. But nonetheless let's just talk about the finale.
The Battle of Winterfell
Well, I know feel like I have to tread lightly when talking about Stannis and the battle at Winterfell. Stannis fans are pissed and looking for an excuse to tell you how stupid you are for not supporting him. Most of the time Game of Thrones fans are super passionate but they sure bring it to the next level. Here's how I feel about the whole thing. I never particularly liked Stannis. If you haven't read the books….there's not a huge reason to. He's done some awful things (sacrifices) and though he has had some epic moments; it's hard to like a guy who does those things especially when he doesn't come across as very charismatic at all.
But all in all, I do think the Stannis fans have a point when it comes to the Battle. A lot of us don't like Stannis right now and probably hope he dies but when you think about it. Wouldn't you rather have Stannis in Winterfell rather than the Boltons? We are now going into Season Six with the Boltons still with a tremendous amount of power and nobody likes that.
But I still think it's a stretch to say that Stannis's sacrifice worked. Yup, Stannis fans are staying true to the fact that Shireen's death meant something. Now I'm not going to be a negative nancy here but it really seems otherwise. His army left, his wife killed herself and he was then captured and/or possibly killed by Brienne. How on earth did it work? Even Melisandre high tailed it out of there to go to the real Azor Ahai.
Anyway the saddest part of this whole thing was Davos. That's one thing everyone has to admit….Davos loved that girl (in my opinion) so much more than Stannis. Seeing Davos learn of Shireen's fate broke my heart and once he finds out it was in fact the red woman? God, I hope we see Davos kill her horribly.
Theon Greyjoy is Back!
Goodbye Reek! Nobody liked you anyway!! Here's another storyline that I think was completely drawn out in order to have that great epic scene in the finale. I believe Reek really changed his mind about defying Ramsay during the rape/wedding night scene but they needed it to last a couple more episodes. Anyways, I'm just glad we finally got there. Ding dong! The bitch is dead. Myranda went flying to her death when THEON pushed her in order to save Sansa. In a very tense couple of moments following Myranda's death, we got to see Theon whisk her away and save her life.
But then it all went…..kinda wrong? They decide to jump off of a pretty damn tall building (I'm still trying to determine whether or not that was where Bran fell in Season One) into what could be a lot of snow. Or not….the snow did seem to disappear around Stannis. Is it that farfetched to think it didn't do the same in Winterfell? More so than any other storyline in the finale (yes, even the final scene) I hope Sansa and Theon survived and they are able to flee to safety. Best case scenario? They meet up with Brienne and Podrick (and Stannis?) and escape to safety. Can we please let that happen? Once Ramsay sees Myranda is dead and Theon and Sansa are gone, he's going hunting. Let's hope when he goes hunting…..Brienne is waiting for him and slices him open.
Will She Be Arya Stark or No One?
To me, Arya's storyline this season has been interesting but also very frustrating. I would just like one Stark to really seek the deserved vengeance on all of the people that have wronged them. We don't seem to be getting Lady Stoneheart, Jon Snow just died (for the moment) and who knows where Bran and Rickon are? I cannot express enough how I do not want her to become a faceless man. I want her to be Arya f*cking Stark and people will fear her name. Her name. I don't want her to be no one. The scene where she kills Meryn Trant gave me "more pleasure than a thousand lying whores" (Tyrion quote FTW) and I just want her to grab needle and somehow start her journey in revenge. Ugh, if only the Hound were still around.
But of course she heads back to the House of Black and White where we have one of the weirdest scenes in Game of Thrones history. Of course Jaqen if punishing here for what she did. And first we thought he was taking his own life but then he blinded her after basically revealing that no one in that place is someone and they're all no ones…..or it's possibly one no one. See doesn't that all make sense? Um what?
Myrcella's Kiss of Death
As soon as Ellaria planted that kiss on Myrcella, I knew it was over. I was calling Myrcella's death since the beginning of the season. It just one more thing that may let viewers sympathize (depending on where you stand) with Jaime and Cersei and it finally gets some revenge on the Lannister family. Myrcella's death is just the beginning of the downfall of this family.
However I do believe this will wake up some sort of anger from Jaime and a ton of rage from Cersei, it may all be too late for their characters. The Lannisters are on a steady downfall and even if Cersei survives her trial, she will probably need to deal directly with the Tyrells who she played a huge part in imprisoning.
Dream Team in Meereen
I am of course referring Tyrion, Grey Worm, Missandei and Varys. Yes of course Daario and Jorah are very important and looking for Dany and blah blah blah but all I saw was the Game of Thrones writers putting four of my favorite characters together. Hooray!
On a more serious note, Meereen is in shambles and Daenerys is nowhere to be found. Well, she's on some grassy land with Drogon but nobody else knows that. And now, we're getting to see her get back to her roots as she is approached and surrounded by Dothrakis. Yay! Although, I'm pretty sure whoever she convinces to marry her (because come on, we know that's where this is going) will not be as great as Drogo. Because let's be honest, nobody can be as great as Drogo. Daario has been trying for seasons now and it's just kinda sad.
I'm not sure about the future of Meereen or if a Dothraki army will in fact help matters but hey, at least it's a better plan than lay down and take it right? I'm sure none of us expect Daenerys to actually do that. But all in all, I'm thrilled that Tyrion will be in a position of power. We all love him and we know he is the smartest person on this damn show. Well, maybe only second to Varys. But hey! He's there too. I would love to see Tyrion rule for a while and hopefully clean up something of this awful mess that keeps happening in Meereen.
The Scene We've All Been Waiting For
Most of the fans of Game of Thrones have been waiting for the scene where Cersei finally gets her. A woman who puts the upmost importance on pride has finally gotten a taste of her own medicine. Yes, I am a Cersei fan and to be honest this scene probably resonates well with Cersei fans. It's like all of the other fans of the show walk behind us with a bell repeatedly saying "Shame" when they find out we actually like her.
I'm not going to go so much into this scene as I went pretty in depth with my previous blog post but all I will say is this scene was pretty awful to watch just on the surface of what it was. I do believe that Lena Headey is the best actor or actress they have on this show and I was so thrilled that she was able to pull this scene off so beautifully.
But what comes next? I don't believe Cersei can be easily broken but now she will soon get news of another one of her children being killed. All of her efforts to save them has not succeeded thus far and it really doesn't seem Tommen will survive much longer either. So what happens now? I believe there will be a trial and I do believe she will survive the trial. The biggest mistake anyone could make in King's Landing is knocking Cersei down but not killing her. They took away her pride (one of the very few things holding her back before) and now she can seek all sorts of vengeance on everyone who wronged her in King's Landing. I don't know how many allies she has at the moment but I do believe that the Faith Militant will rue the day they made Cersei complete her Walk of Penance.
Jon Snow's Dead or Is He?
The internet is exploding (sort of) because of the inevitable death of Jon Snow. If you think our reaction (in the video) was not as intense as it should've been…..it's because we saw this coming from a mile away. If you didn't, you might not have been paying very close attention. All season it was clear to me that the Night's Watch would make an attempt on Jon Snow's life in order to restore order to the Watch. And once they left Jon Snow's scene for the last scene? Yup. Of course we knew he would not be making it out of Season Five.
To be honest, I really liked/like Jon Snow but he wasn't someone I was going to completely freak out over dying. I think he was very important to the show and I think he still is important. Maybe I wasn't completely freaking out because I don't really think he'll stay dead. They have been building up his character to possibly be a Taragaryen, possibly be Azor Ahai and most definitely be the biggest hope against the White Walkers. Why else would they show Melisandre at the Wall?
There are a lot of theories of why he will definitely be coming back. Kit Harington has said he will not be returning for Season Six but I'm pretty sure that's a load of sh*t. So fans, you could possibly ease your minds knowing that he may definitely come back. And if he doesn't? Well then this should teach you once again to not root for good characters…..especially if they're a Stark. I mean really? Haven't you learned anything?
Best Quote:
Arya: You know who I am. I'm Arya Stark. Do you know who you are? You're no one. You're nothing.
Best Moment:
This is such a tough one for this episode but I'm going to go with Theon finally realizing he still has balls and saving Sansa. Let's be optimistic that they survived that fall.
Worst Moment:
The Sand Snakes kill Myrcella…….and we all pretend to care.


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This painting of two girls at the piano was one of the first paintings that was introduced to me as a young girl. It makes me smile, especially at the time when I was learning how to play the piano. I remember there was a Nancy Tichborne Cats book, full of watercolour paintings. She inspired me to start water colour painting, and I still remember fondly the time my old black and white cat, Summer came and laid on the paint by accident and had a wonderful blue patch on his belly for quite some time. There was a book of all the stories by Beatrix Potter, such as Peter Rabbit and Tom Kitten. It was story tellers like her that made me love animals, art and writing even more. Just a few things to discover if you're feeling curious:
Blog: The Messy Heads
I recently stumbled upon The Messy Heads blog. They are also a quarterly magazine where "Each magazine focuses on a theme and explores it in depth, inviting you to dive deeper and learn more about yourself." I love the vintage vibes and the positive articles.
Clothing: Mirador
I came across this wonderful nonna organic sweater while I was casually scrolling down the Instagram feed. I think the Gabriella Foreman film photograph printed on is so beautiful with the flowers, and I love the way it looks so comfortable (it's 100% organic cotton).
Youtuber: simply_kenna
Kenna is the sweetest person, and even though I don't know her, I can really sense that when I watch her videos. They are always radiating with creativity, positivity and a sprinkle of chocolate. Not to mention her style and Instagram feed is full of whimsical and fairy like wonder.
Instagram: @dxvghter
Thanking the universe for my two sweet princesses today. My little Lilly went to the vet earlier and we were told that she has an upper respiratory infection and an eye infection. She was prescribed antibiotics and eye ointment and then sent home with lots of kitty treats for "being so cute". On another kitty note, today marks two years that I've had my ginger babe and I'm still so in love with her. I'm looking forward to so many more years with these two! 🌸
This one is specially for the cat lovers, tea drinkers, book readers, succulent lovers and nature wanderers. I really like Instagram feeds that show someones personality, rather than emulating a trend. This one makes me feel peaceful and makes me want to get a cat!
Earrings: Okaymontana
Montana is a artist who draws about Menstruation, Sexuality, Mental health & Feminism. I like the awareness she creates and the way it can relate to many people. Not to mention her lovely creation of breast friends earrings that you can buy here.
//all images from the original creator \\


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Radha Kapuria (KCL), Thornley Fellow (6 months)
Music in Colonial Punjab, c.1849-1947: A Social History (King's College London)
My research considers the social history of music in colonial Punjab, to show the adaptability of its musical traditions, as also their intrinsic role in shaping multiple identities among performers, patrons and listeners. Exploring the lesser-known history of art or Hindustani music in the region, this study prompts a reassessment of Punjab, long stereotyped as the land of 'rustic' culture. Undivided Punjab is a unique focus of investigation, given its geographical location—connecting South with Central Asia— and its embrace of both the popular and elite domains of music in a way that challenges the familiar trajectory of Indian music's embourgeoisement and nationalisation under colonialism (Bakhle, 2005; Subramanian 2006; Walker 2014). Several languages flourished together in colonial Punjab, constituting an 'unwieldy multilingual literary archive' (Orsini, 2015). Given that much contemporary scholarship is still based on sources from single language scripts, my thesis breaks new ground by consulting sources in Punjabi, Urdu, Braj, Hindi and English; including manuscripts and books from the British and Royal Asiatic Society Libraries, John Rylands Special Collection, the SOAS and V&A Archives; and archives at Patiala and Chandigarh, India. I combine this with oral history interviews straddling India, Pakistan and the diaspora. This regional history of music is thus inherently interdisciplinary, combining perspectives from ethnomusicology with the historical method.
By studying the circulation of musicians, their audiences and shifting forms of patronage, I hope to unravel the mixed roots of Punjab's art-music traditions that consistently elide easy categorisations. Rather, their resilience within the crucial interstices of regional, caste, class, and gender identities allowed their survival in the face of the modernisation attendant upon colonialism in India. Shifting music history's focus away from domains of state and nation, I thus re-orient historical inquiry into cultural formations in colonial India by exploring music in Punjab within other equally significant trajectories of performance, faith, emotion, and belonging.
Research and publications
- "Music and Its Many Memories: Complicating 1947 for the Punjab", book chapter in Churnjeet Mahn and Anne Murphy (eds.), Partition and the Practice of Memory, Palgrave, 2017 (forthcoming)
- "Unconquerable Nemesis" in 'Postscript', Economic and Political Weekly, 19 December, 2015, Vol. L, No. 51, pp. 91-92
- "Redefining Music's Sacrality: The Harballabh Festival of Punjab, 1875-1950", Social Scientist, May-June 2015, Vol.43 (5/6), pp. 77-92
- "Gandhi as Volunteer: A Historical Exploration", Gandhi Marg, Vol. 35, No. 2, September 2013, pp. 263-282.


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A New Method in Environmental History
Over several months in 2014–15, Shane DuBay (PhD candidate, Evolutionary Biology, UChicago) and Carl Fuldner (PhD candidate, Art History, UChicago) photographed complete sets of select bird species in the Field Museum's extensive study collections, which include specimens spread over the last 130 years. Based on these photographs, they devised a novel means of tracking industrial pollution in the Great Lakes region, which involved analyzing luminance data from within the images to gauge the relative amount of soot covering each bird. Read more
For 2nd Chicago Architecture Biennial, the Arts, Science + Culture Initiative Commissions Sculpture By Artist and Alumnus Dan Peterman
The Arts, Science + Culture Initiative at UChicago presents Slipping and Jamming: Variable Installation of Z-Forms, by Chicago-based artist Dan Peterman. Commissioned for the 2nd Chicago Architecture Biennial, Slipping and Jamming is a sculptural installation that explores the tension between structural stability and instability. Read more


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Sugar Cane Harvest in Grecia, Costa Rica
If your farm is conveniently located near the sugar cane mill (trapiche) you won't need to rent a huge truck: just get the right trailer, like this farmer's. By the way, if you look carefully at the house in the background, you see that the chimney is damaged from the earthquake. (As always, click "Original" just below the image to see the original image full size.)
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A report card released today by the bipartisan Commisson on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism has turned a critical eye to the preparedness by the United States for a bioattack.
The WMD commission, which is chaired by former Senator Bob Graham and vice chaired by former Senator Jim Talent, gave a failing grade to the United States for its ability to rapidly and effectively respond to bioterrorism.
"Nearly a decade after September 11, 2001, one year after our original report, and one month after the Christmas Day bombing attempt, the United States is failing to address several urgent threats, especially bioterrorism," said Senator Graham. "Each of the last three Administrations has been slow to recognize and respond to the biothreat. But we no longer have the luxury of a slow learning curve, when we know al Qaeda is interested in bioweapons."
The commission previously released its World at Risk report, that included a threat assessment noting that a weapon of mass destruction - most likely a biological weapon - will be used in a terrorist attack somewhere in the world by the end of 2013.
That report issued a series of recommendations and specific actions that Congress and the Obama Administration should take in the face of WMD risk. Today's report card evaluates the steps that have been taken to implement these recommendations and to protect the United States.
The commission did give the an "A" grade for some biological risks, including for conducting a comprehensive review of the domestic program to secure dangerous pathogens and for developing a national strategy for advancing bioforensic capabilities.
A "B+" was issued for proposing a new action plan for achieving universal adherence to the Biological Weapons Convention and a "C" was given for strengthening domestic and global disease surveillance networks.
The commission gave the United States a "D+" for tightening government oversight of high-containment labs.
The "F" on the commission's report was given for the lack of enhancement given to the nation's capabilities for rapid response to prevent biological attacks from inflicting mass casualties.
Commission gives U.S. a failing grade for biopreparedness
A report card released today by the bipartisan Commisson on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism has turned a critical eye to the preparedness by the United States for a bioattack.


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Docker images for Sonatype Nexus Repository Manager 2 with the Oracle JDK.
For Nexus Repository Manager 3, please refer to https://github.com/sonatype/docker-nexus3
To build:
# docker build --rm --tag sonatype/nexus oss/
# docker build --rm --tag sonatype/nexus:pro pro/
To run (if port 8081 is open on your host):
# docker run -d -p 8081:8081 --name nexus sonatype/nexus:oss
To determine the port that the container is listening on:
# docker ps -l
To test:
$ curl http://localhost:8081/nexus/service/local/status
To build, copy the Dockerfile and do the build:
$ docker build --rm=true --tag=sonatype/nexus .
Default credentials are:
It can take some time (2-3 minutes) for the service to launch in a
new container. You can tail the log to determine once Nexus is ready:
$ docker logs -f nexus
Installation of Nexus is to
/opt/sonatype/nexus. Notably:
/opt/sonatype/nexus/conf/nexus.propertiesis the properties file.
Parameters (
nexus-webapp-context-path) defined
here are overridden in the JVM invocation.
A persistent directory,
/sonatype-work, is used for configuration,
logs, and storage. This directory needs to be writeable by the Nexus
process, which runs as UID 200.
Environment variables can be used to control the JVM arguments
CONTEXT_PATH, passed as -Dnexus-webapp-context-path. This is used to define the
URL which Nexus is accessed. Defaults to '/nexus'
MAX_HEAP, passed as -Xmx. Defaults to
MIN_HEAP, passed as -Xms. Defaults to
JAVA_OPTS. Additional options can be passed to the JVM via this variable.
-server -XX:MaxPermSize=192m -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true.
LAUNCHER_CONF. A list of configuration files supplied to the
Nexus bootstrap launcher. Default:
./conf/jetty.xml ./conf/jetty-requestlog.xml
These can be user supplied at runtime to control the JVM:
$ docker run -d -p 8081:8081 --name nexus -e MAX_HEAP=768m sonatype/nexus
Persistent Data
There are two general approaches to handling persistent
storage requirements with Docker. See Managing Data in
Containers for
additional information.
Use a data volume container. Since data volumes are persistent
until no containers use them, a container can be created specifically for
this purpose. This is the recommended approach.
$ docker run -d --name nexus-data sonatype/nexus echo "data-only container for Nexus" $ docker run -d -p 8081:8081 --name nexus --volumes-from nexus-data sonatype/nexus
Mount a host directory as the volume. This is not portable, as it
relies on the directory existing with correct permissions on the host.
However it can be useful in certain situations where this volume needs
to be assigned to certain underlying storage.
$ mkdir /some/dir/nexus-data && chown -R 200 /some/dir/nexus-data $ docker run -d -p 8081:8081 --name nexus -v /some/dir/nexus-data:/sonatype-work sonatype/nexus
Adding Nexus Plugins
Creating a docker image based on
sonatype/nexus is the suggested
process: plugins should be expanded to
See https://github.com/sonatype/docker-nexus/issues/9 for an example
concerning the Nexus P2 plugins.
Getting Help
Looking to contribute to our Docker image but need some help? There's a few ways to get information or our attention:
- File a public issue here on GitHub
- Check out the Nexus tag on Stack Overflow
- Pop into our public HipChat room and ask us some questions
- Check out the Nexus Repository User List


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We are proud to announce a premium partnership with MINDBODY, supporting and supplying a specialised consulting service to Fitness & Wellness businesses using MINDBODY software in AUSTRALIA.
We are a Software company lead by UX and Agile methodologies working with fitness & wellness brands, 'scaling' by way of driving business leads, new memberships/sales and retention strategies, ensuring that your end to end solution(s) run proficiently. We look over your entire business holistically from sales through to communication flow, setting up automated processes and systems, which integrated with your website and MINDBODY.
We specialise in creating Online Solutions specifically for clients using MINDBODY to enable them to manage their businesses efficiently to reduce office administration. We simply integrate your website and business onto MINDBODY which results in saving you time and money.
/AVOCA Ventures and /CPC.co core team offers more than four decades of Digital Media experience, and employs a full-time senior consulting team which allows us to deliver innovative solutions for real people and their brands at the highest calibre every time.
"By streamlining and automating your day to day operations from enquiries through to sales and member retention is what most Fitness companies are wanting to achieve but do not understand how-to technically." Furthermore "We create innovative solutions bringing it all together." – says Roechelle Williams, /AVOCA Ventures Senior PM & MINDBODY Consultant.
Being a venture capital business, we're keen to invest in ideas and partner with companies to bring concepts to life. We also support businesses in strategy, UX Design, eCommerce, eMarketing, Search Google Marketing, Facebook Ads, Communications and Tech-Production (mobile & desktop) which includes rigorous UA-Testing.
A full mobile Responsive and Cross-Browser website Audit which includes a SEO ranking, Social Media and Google Analytics Report
Build a Simple Responsive Theme, WordPress Setup, Integration with MINDBODY, Copywriting, Stock Imagery for $2,770+GST
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For Gyms, Fitness & Wellness Retreats with 5 or more employees looking to scale their operation strategically, to reduce member cancellations, costs/overheads, looking to turn-on cross-channel marketing using Google Adwords, Linkedin, Instagram & Facebook. Also, after a 24/7 technical & business support service this starts from $7K per Month for a 12 Months runway based on the WordPress Framework inclusion of the [MINI-PACK] above.
To get in touch with us about our MINDBODY Online service offering please fill in the below or if you're interested to having a kick-STARTER theme setup please do not hesitate.


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DISTRICT ONE consists of the Counties of Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Winnebago, Boone, Carroll, Ogle, Dekalb, Whiteside and Lee. District Chairman is O.D. Holley of Rock City, email@example.com; Secretary-Treasurer is Terry Dieken of Warren, firstname.lastname@example.com; District Governor is Lyle of Belvidere email@example.com.
DISTRICT TWO consists of the Counties of McHenry, Lake, Kane, Cook, DuPage, Kendall, Will, Grundy and Kankakee. District Chairman is John Leonard of Addison, email@example.com; Secretary-Treasurer is Kevin Bunte, CAI of Elgin, email@example.com; District Governor is Greg Wilson of Pingree Grove, email@example.com.
DISTRICT THREE consists of the Counties of Henry, Rock Island, Mercer, Knox, Henderson, Warren, Fulton, McDonough and Hancock. District Chairman Carl Admire of Wyoming, firstname.lastname@example.com, 309-201-1641; District Secretary-Treasurer is LeRoy Shoop of Watago, email@example.com; District Governor Jim Folger of Williamsfield email@example.com.
DISTRICT FOUR consists of the Counties of LaSalle, Bureau, Putnam, Stark, Marshall, Livingston, Peoria, Woodford and Tazewell. District Chairman is Jeff Bond of Washburn, email@example.com; District Secretary-Treasurer is Joe Orwig of Toulon, firstname.lastname@example.com; District Governor is Jeff Prochnow of Bloomington, firstname.lastname@example.com.
DISTRICT FIVE consists of the Counties of Schuyler, Adams, Brown, Cass, Pike, Scott, Morgan, Greene, Calhoun, Jersey and Macoupin. District Chairman is George McCurley of Jacksonville, firstname.lastname@example.com; District Secretary-Treasurer is Richard Middendorf of Jacksonville, info@middendorfscom; District Governor is Cody Hanold of Brighton firstname.lastname@example.com.
DISTRICT SIX consists of the Counties of McLean, DeWitt, Mason, Logan, Menard, Macon, Sangamon, Christian, Moultrie, Shelby and Montgomery. District Chairman is Heath Spracklen of Pana; District Secretary-Treasurer is Abbey Schmid of Clinton, firstname.lastname@example.com; District Governor Les Crandall of Decatur, email@example.com.
DISTRICT SEVEN consists of the Counties of Iroquois, Ford, Champaign, Vermillion, Douglas, Edgar, Coles, Clark and Cumberland. District Chairman is Jimmy Hannagan of Gifford, firstname.lastname@example.com; District Secretary-Treasurer is to be elected; District Governor is Kerry Lenhart of Georgetown,email@example.com.
DISTRICT EIGHT consists of the Counties of Madison, Bond, Clinton, St. Claire, Washington, Monroe and Randolph. District Chairman is Mark Voss of Red Bud, email@example.com,, 618-282-6864; District Secretary-Treasurer is Jim Lehde of Addieville, email@example.com; District Governor is Joseph Wieseman of Worden, email@example.com.
DISTRICT NINE consists of the Counties of Fayette, Effingham, Jasper, Crawford, Marion, Clay, Richland, Lawrence, Wayne, Edwards and Wabash. District Chairman is Mark Rothrock of Parkersburg, email@example.com, 618-839-5363; District Secretary-Treasurer is Alexis Rothrock of parkersburg, email@example.com; District Governor is Bill Burke of Oblong, firstname.lastname@example.com.
DISTRICT TEN consists of the Counties of Jefferson, Perry, Franklin, Hamilton, Jackson, Williamson, Saline, Gallatin, Union, Johnson, Pope, Hardin, Pulaski, Massac and Alexander. District Chairman is Kara Miller of Jonesboro, email@example.com; District Secretary-Treasurer is Keith Baird ; District Governor is Blake Canning of Murphysboro, email@example.com.


text: Hey I just got 2 more invites. Post below and i'll choose 2 members of my choice. They won't be random. The decision will be based on how much they have given to this forum as i think that they deserve more. Double posters will be disqualified. Results will be announced after 24-48 hours. Good luck


text:
Disk Doctors Instant File Recovery will instantly recover deleted files emptied from Recycle Bin, or lost due to accidental formatting or re-partitioning of a hard drive, viruses, and unexpected system or software malfunction.Recovery Capabilities: Recover deleted files emptied from the Recycle Bin, Recover accidentally formatted hard drives, even. Free download of Disk Doctors Instant File Recovery 1.0.1, size 483.33 Kb.
IM Lock is a powerful Instant Message Blocking software for home, education, and business. Fast setup in under a minute. IM Lock Home Edition blocks Instant Message, Chat, Blogs, Websites, and more. Protect your children from online dangers. Stop your children from chatting with strangers. Keep your kids focused on their homework when using the. Free download of IM Lock Home Edition 2.1, size 2.25 Mb.
SecureIM is an instant message client who uses digital certificates and PKI.The client application connects to a WildfireSIM server.SIM do a digital signature for login to the server using a user certificate.Also uses PKI to encrypt and decrypt messages. Freeware download of SecureIM Instant Message 1.0 BETA, size 126.75 Mb.
Backuptrans iPhone Message Recovery is a powerful recovery tool that can help you smoothly recover deleted iPhone messages(SMS, MMS & iMessages) from iPhone or iTunes Backup. Comparing with some other iPhone data recovery programs(they can only extract the deleted messages to computer but not back to the iPhone itself), Backuptrans iPhone. Free download of Backuptrans iPhone Message Recovery 3.1.01, size 11.97 Mb.
Backuptrans iPhone Message Recovery for Mac is a powerful recovery tool that can help you recover deleted iPhone messages(SMS, MMS & iMessages) from iPhone or iTunes Back. Comparing with some other iPhone data recovery programs(they can only extract the deleted messages to computer but not back to the iPhone itself), Backuptrans iPhone Message. Free download of iPhone Message Recovery for Mac 3.1.01, size 17.39 Mb.
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Akeni Secure Instant Messaging IM - Expert Edition, is a secured client/server
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setup,. Free download of Akeni Secure Instant Messaging - Expert 2.1.3, size 7.91 Mb.
Fantastic Christmas Emoticon installer adds the highest quality of msn emoticons ( also called emotions and smiles ) into your MSN Messenger account to use in your instant message conversations with your friends and family. There is no need to browse and select the graphics, or to select a shortcut. Emoinstaller adds extra emotions into MSN. Freeware download of Christmas Emoticons For MSN Messenger 1.3, size 154.62 Kb.
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Building notifications into your applications is a powerful way to alert users of critical events such as a new instant message or blog post.
Timeslide allows you to display system notifications that fade in and out based on a time interval and a user-specified message.. Freeware download of Timeslide 1.0, size 36.58 Mb.
Encrypted Messenger is an add-on program that allows you to send and receive encrypted messages through several popular (and some not so popular) Instant Message Programs.
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IM Tailor 1.0 License - GNU General Public License (GPL). Freeware download of IM Tailor 1.0, size 199.66 Kb.
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Secure IM Client 1.0 License - BSD License. Freeware download of Secure IM Client 1.0, size 0 b.
Jabberlook is an open source plugin for Microsoft Outlook which enable Outlook to send and receive instant message through xmpp protocol. It also enable scheduling and initiating conference meeting from Outlook.
jabberlook 1.0 License - GNU General Public License (GPL); GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL). Freeware download of jabberlook 1.0, size 0 b.


text:
There are a number of ways to make money from writing on the internet but the way that most people start earning from their writing is by gradually monetizing blogs that they started for fun or as a hobby. It might start out with a blog bringing in a few dollars to pay for its own hosting, or for a couple of books or a few cups of coffee per month. And it may increase gradually so that it eventually becomes enough to be equivalent to a part time job. Some blogs even end up making hundreds or even thousands of dollars.
Of course there are millions of blogs that don't make money at all. People thinking of getting into blogging for the money should be aware that it is very difficult to be one of the few bloggers who make decent money from a blog (or number of blogs). However, despite the odds, it is possible with hard work and a bit of luck, to make money from blogging. If you are considering either starting your own blog or monetizing a blog you already operate, then you should begin with the following steps.
Firstly, you need to ensure that you have the correct combination of a profitable niche and a catchy domain name. The term 'profitable niche' refers to an area that is not so broad and oversubscribed as to be impossible to get into – say 'books' or 'electronics;' but at the same time not so unique and of such limited time appeal that it will only interest 20 people – 'a history of poems about tractors' blog – or not make any money. Once you have a niche that could make money, lets say 'teddy bears of the world' then you need a good domain name, something to do with teddy bears that is also catchy.
Secondly, once you've chosen your niche and domain name and got your hosting sorted, you need to plan ahead by researching the keywords that are important for your niche. There are a number of tools on the web for this, some free and others costing fifty to a hundred dollars. All of them allow you to research the most common (and profitable) phrases that people type into Google when looking for teddy bear related sites.
Next, and most important of all, you need to write good content. Write it and they will come. This is where most blogs fail. People are so busy planning to make money they forget to write well. A passionately written blog is worth a thousand links – write an interesting and witty blog and update it continually and your audience will keep coming back for more. That said however, if you do all that and also cleverly intersperse the content with a few well chosen keywords or phrases that wouldn't hurt either!
Fourthly, you need to promote the site. This requires either money or hard work. As hard as you might work on content for a site, it doesn't hurt to also promote it via link building. Search engines judge your site on popularity and the number of incoming links so it is up to you to go out there and build those links either through sites like Ezine and Hubpages or through guest posting on other blogs. It is possible to also buy software that helps with this and sends articles out to a number of sites with your anchor links built in, but this software will cost you money. Avoid the temptation to use link farms as any short term gain these might bring will soon be punished by Google.
Lastly, you need to monetize your site. This can be done in a number of ways but the most common for people new to blogging (and for old hands) are the following methods:
- Adsense – an ad serving application run by Google. Enroll your site with Adsense to enable image, text and video adverts and generate revenue via pay per click or per impression.
- Affiliate Programs – Affiliate programs are where businesses reward you for traffic and customers you have sent to their site.
- Continuity Programs – A recurring income from a service or subscription that your site provides.
- Private Ad Sales – A business to business agreement between your site and another business who wants to advertise with you.
- Ebooks – Writing and selling some kind of book (normally a guide to doing something) via your site.
One final way to make money from blogging is Paid Blogging. This will be explored in part 2 of this article.
About Guest Author:
Alex Simmonds is a copywriter and freelance journalist currently living in the UK. He also writes a daily financial blog for the contracting sector on issues such as Umbrella Companies.


text:
Mother arrested in Utah after daughters eat marijuana cookie
OGDEN, Utah (AP) — A mother has been arrested in Utah after two of her children shared a cookie laced with marijuana.
The Deseret News reports an ambulance had taken the two girls, ages 3 and 5, to a nearby hospital Saturday after they ate the cookie. They have since been treated and released.
The New Mexico family had been getting ready to leave their Utah vacation home in Mountain Green when the girls had found and eaten the cookie in the family's vehicle.
Their mother caught them eating the last bites and called 911. Police say she later admitted it had been her cookie, and was arrested for investigation of child endangerment, possession of marijuana and possession of prescription medication without a prescription.
Authorities did not immediately release the woman's name.
Information from: Deseret News.


text:
CONTACT Help for Prospective Members with any questions or help applying for membership. Celebrate Texas Honor Days
"A book about friendship that is also interested in the miscommunication that can so complicate it . . The language, in this book about language, is saturated with concepts that apply equally well to romance in its more traditional forms. The language, too, celebrates friendship in its frustrations and its rewards and, above all, its wonderful complexity. It is promoting friendship from a supporting character into a starring role. . The loves that the linguist explores in her romantically named book are not merely ones that comfort and sustain women until, one day, the real thing comes along. They are the real thing."— The Atlantic


text:
Home / Case Studies / Heritage
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St Johns Church Crittall helps in sensitive church restoration View
Savoy Place Two great designs - One great window choice View
Barnsley Town Hall Iconic 1930s building undergoes a comprehensive refurbishment programme including replica replacement windows. View
Baskerville House In the heart of Centenary Square, this iconic landmark undergoes a multi-million pound development. View
Dumbarton Court Steel windows return to Dumbarton Court following an external refurbishment scheme with window replacement. View
The Granary A stunningly imaginative architectural combination of old and new lent itself to Crittall Windows. View
Copyright © 2015 Crittall Windows Ltd Crittall ® is a registered trade mark of Crittall Windows Ltd Registered In England No. 200794, at Francis House, Freebournes Road, Witham, Essex, CM8 3UN


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Jack Culolias, a 19-year-old freshman at Arizona State University, has not been heard from since apparently being booted from a Tempe bar/restaurant Friday night.
Culolias was kicked out of Cadillac Ranch in Tempe Marketplace around 11 p.m. Friday -- where he'd purportedly used a fake ID to get in -- during an event with his Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity brothers, and he was last seen around that time.
His mother -- a California resident -- phoned up the university's cops on Sunday to report that she hadn't heard from her son, and she told Tempe police on Monday that she was coming to town with her other sons to look for him.
Tempe police say this call to the police department on Monday was the first time they were made aware that Culolias was missing.
After ASU police found out yesterday that Culolias' last known location was at Tempe Marketplace -- and not the university -- Tempe PD took over the investigation.
While Culolias' mother was searching near Tempe Marketplace when she found a shoe she believes is her son's near the edge of Tempe Town Lake.
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Police have been searching the area since yesterday afternoon, but have not found anything of note as of this afternoon.
Tempe PD will be answering questions this afternoon, so we'll fill in the details shortly.
Police ask anyone with information to call them at 480-350-8311.