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1 Copyright USF Center for the Pacific Rim The Occasional Paper Series of the USF Center for the Pacific Rim :: Pacific Rim Report No. 21, September 2001 Korea: Asia's Economic Phoenix by Patrick Lloyd Hatcher, Ph.D. We gratefully acknowledge the Kiriyama Chair for Pacific Rim Studies at the USF Center for the Pacific Rim for funding this issue of Pacific Rim Report. Patrick Lloyd Hatcher is Kiriyama Distinguished Scholar-in-Residence at the University of San Francisco Center for the Pacific Rim for Spring A military historian by profession, Hatcher taught in both the history and political science departments at the University of California at Berkeley prior to his retirement. One of Cal s most sought after guest speakers, he was honored with the MacArthur Award from the Institute of International Studies at Cal in 1987 and was the recipient of the UC Berkeley Instructor of the Year Award in Currently at work on his fourth book, America s Korean Odyssey, Hatcher is also the author of North Atlantic Civilization at War (M.E. Sharpe, 1999) and Suicide of an Elite: American Internationalists in Vietnam (Stanford, 1990) as well as numerous articles and other writings. He helped narrate the film Napoleon and Wellington and is often seen on KRON-TV (NBC) in the Bay Area as a national security specialist. Patrick Hatcher received his Ph.D. in history from the University of California at Berkeley. Prior to embarking on an academic career, he had risen to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Army. From 1996 to 1999 Hatcher served as a judge for the Kiriyama Pacific Rim Book Prize and in 1999 he chaired the panel of nonfiction judges. He has taught at other Bay Area institutions, including St. Mary s College, UC Davis, and Golden Gate University. Hatcher has led educational tours for the Library of Congress, the Art Institute of Chicago, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and the University of California Alumni Association s Bear Treks travel program. These remarks were extracted from Dr. Hatcher s forthcoming book, America s Korean Odyssey for the 2001 Kiriyama Distinguished Lecture which was presented on April 11, 2001 at the University of San Francisco s Lone Mountain Campus. Please note that Korean personal names and the spelling of place names in this article follow the new (2000) standards of the National Academy of the Korean Language. For reference, the traditional spellings of common places are shown in parenthesis where needed. We gratefully acknowledge the Kiriyama Chair for Pacific Rim Studies at the USF Center for the Pacific Rim for funding this issue of Pacific Rim Report. With archeological evidence dating back 5,000 years, the Korean peninsula has a history as rich as any place in Asia. During the last five millennia, Koreans borrowed furiously: Chinese Confucianism, Indian Buddhism, Arab mathematics, Southeast Asian rice, French fast trains, American baseball. But Koreans never lost their uniqueness; instead they Koreanized imports, later trading their own versions with neighboring states. As the wellspring for Japanese culture, Korea enriched her island neighbor. In fact, the interaction among China, Korea, and Japan dates back some 2000 years to the Han dynasty and grew as the Korean kingdom of Silla unified the country in 676 A.D. Silla s capital, Kyongu, known as the City of Gold, numbered nearly a million inhabitants. Visitors from Baghdad came as traders to its famous fairs; Indian Buddhists came as pilgrims to its special shrines. Almost a thousand years before Royal Academies appeared in Paris or London, a Korean king established Silla s Royal Confucian Academy. Korea s Emergence In 935 A.D. the Koryo kingdom replaced Silla and built on its foundations. For the next five hundred years Koreans continued to open their society to the greater Eurasian world. Trade with Song dynasty China brought luxury goods. Goaded to surpass Chinese porcelains, Korean artists created a sage-green celadon that set the standard for excellence, so much so that the Japanese kidnapped entire villages of Korean
2 potters. Unfortunately, swift moving Mongol horsemen ravaged both China and Korea, forcing the Koreans, master shipbuilders then and now, to construct fleets for the invasion of Japan. By 1316 Mongol power collapsed as swiftly as it had come. The Yi dynasty built a new Korean kingdom, Choson, which ushered in a golden age. Koreans had moveable type before the Europeans did, even printing medical encyclopedias. Science and the arts flourished. Korean timepieces included a cuckoo clock with an Asian call. Trouble returned in the form of a Japanese invasion. They, like the Mongols, ransacked the country. Help arrived when a Korean naval engineer designed the world s first ironclad ships. Korea s Admiral Yi Sunshin employed these turtle ships to decimate the low-tech Japanese fleet. Japan withdrew. That southern invasion came in the sixteenth century. In the seventeenth century Manchu invaders struck from the north. By the eighteenth century Korea had partially recovered and world literature gained an epic love story, Chunhyang, in the process. Unlike Shakespeare s lovers, the Korean Romeo and Juliet, while suffering, live to see justice triumph. In a century in which Napoleon codified French law, Korean literati amplified China s Ming Code for Korea. The nineteenth century deconstructed most of this rebuilding. At one time the throne had no king, with three Dowager Queens conniving for power. When King Kojong finally ascended the throne ( ), he became the last of twenty-six Yi monarchs to rule an independent Korea. By then the peddler-predators of the West had set their imperial eyes on the one remaining Asian door they had not forced open. Even the United States played at gunboat diplomacy. In 1866 the uninvited armed schooner General Sherman steamed up the Taedong River to Pyeongyang. Unwelcomed by the locals, the crew unloaded their muskets into these civilians Pearl Buck replaced by G.I. Joe. The dispersed crowd waited for their ally, a fast moving low tide. Once it grounded the vessel, they surrounded the Sherman, killed its crew and burnt the ship. Secretary of State William Seward did not take kindly to this naval immolation. It took time, but by 1871 an American Asiatic Squadron steamed toward Korea on what the New York Herald called the Little War With the Heathen. America almost lost, so fierce did Korea s tiger warriors fight. Having captured only one island near Inchon s harbor, the United States began peace talks. The Koreans prolonged the discussions to the point where the ever impatient Americans withdrew in disgust to go gunboating elsewhere. Even after this bitter encounter, King Kojong and his reform-minded advisors saw no choice but friendship with the United States, hence the Korean-American Treaty of By then a failing Qing China, a rising Meiji Japan, and an ossifying Czarist Russia all placed pressure on northeast Asia s main land bridge, Korea. Kojong hoped that the United States would replace China as Korea s protector. He hoped in vain. The dreamed of ally failed the first test. Kojong requested a military advisory team. The Commanding General of the United States Army, Philip Sheridan, sent his West Point classmate, William Dye, to lead a four-man team. Dye had terrible judgement in men: of the three he brought along, none had military experience of note and two hated Korea, where they spent their time drinking and carousing. Finally the Koreans dismissed them. Such was the fiasco of America s first Korean Military Mission. Worse followed. While the United States dallied, Japan, determined to colonize Korea, bested China in the Sino-Japanese War (1894) and then Russia in the Russo-Japanese War (1905). Asia s Britain had arrived. This western Pacific war attracted President Teddy Roosevelt who tilted toward Japan. He offered his services to end the war and had his Secretary of State sign the Taft-Katsura Memorandum, a deal in which Japan would respect American interests in the Philippines in return for American recognition of Japanese interests in Korea. Russia lost a war, Japan won a colony, Korea lost its independence, and Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize! Korea s Embattlement Drained of resources by forty years of Japanese occupation, divided unnaturally at the end of World War II, and devastated by the Korean War, a damaged Korea bled its way through the first fifty years of the twentieth century. Even the world peace of 1945 eluded war-weary Koreans. Instead, they inherited an internal struggle between two Korean camps, a blood feud. Those who had collaborated with the Japanese, especially the land-rich yangban [scholar/official] elite, faced off with those who had fought against the Japanese, especially nationalists on the left. Why such fierce hatred of the Japanese occupation? Four World War II examples suffice: Japan took Korea s rice, forcing Koreans to eat Manchurian millet; Japan forced Koreans to speak Japanese, take Japanese names, and worship at Shinto shrines; Japan used over 200,000 young Korean women and girls as prostitutes comfort women for its soldiers; Japan dragooned almost 2,000,000 Koreans to work in the worst jobs in Japan, women down into mines, men into heavy industry. Yet some Koreans noted that Japan modernized their country, building Korea s first railroads. But this, and other industrial achievements, did not erase wartime atrocities. From 1945 to 1950 Korea s internal conflict grew from a guerrilla into a civil war. On June 25, 1950 Pyeongyang upgraded hostilities into a conventional war, its northern army attacking the southern army. Two days later the United States committed its forces, thus turning a national struggle into an international war under United Nation s mandate. Modern warfare made Korea a wasteland. Seoul fell four times, first to the North Koreans, then to the Americans, then to the Chinese, then back to the Americans. By recapture number four nothing worth capturing remained standing. Meanwhile, bombers blasted North Korea back to the Stone Age. After three years and one month of fighting, casualties numbered almost four million, half of them civilians. Before this Korean Armageddon, Northern leaders imposed a command economy directed by a Leninist elite; after the war Southern leaders imposed a capitalist economy directed by a militarist elite. With the armistice of 1953, if not before, both halves of Korea took on the properties of independent states allied to opposing sides of the globe-girdling Cold War, Seoul to Washington, Pyeongyang to Moscow. Initially the northern economy recovered faster; it inherited the natural resources on which to rebuild plus the large hydroelectric dams on the Yalu River. In the 1930s Korea s gigantic Suiho Dam had only one rival Boulder Dam. And the Korean-based Nippon Chisso chemical complex ranked as the second largest in the pre-world War II world. Korea was not a poor Third World nation. It took World War II, the temporary division in 1945, and the Korean War to make it one. The
3 convenient demarcation line along the 38th parallel, above which Soviets and below which Americans took the surrender of Japanese troops, froze with the onslaught of the Cold War. (In 1945 a Washington Committee gave two US Army colonels thirty minutes to recommend where to divide Korea. Working from a National Geographic map, they picked the 38th. One of the colonel-pickers was Dean Rusk.) While the northern economy struggled, its southern cousin suffered. South Korea could feed its people for its strength rested on agriculture. As Korea s rice basket, it needed to find additional means to emerge as a First World trading economy. Truncated, each part required some of what the other part had. How to develop? Seoul s leadership had problems. Americans brought from exile their Korean nationalist, Dr. Syngman Rhee. A good Christian for the job or so thought the Americans he became president of South Korea in In the immediate postwar years Americans tried to sanitize former enemy states and their colonies Germany, Italy, Japan insisting that no fascists, militarists, or collaborators could return to positions within those restructured political economies. For two years Washington reconstructed the defeated; denazification was a prime example in Germany. War crimes trails took some players off the world stage but only the obvious ones. After the full arrival of the Cold War in 1947, Washington lowered the bar. Former enemy bureaucratic and business elites resurfaced within governmental and corporate structures. Rhee s government in Seoul quickly filled with such folks. Rhee, a cosmopolitan civilian with an Austrian-born wife and a Princeton Ph.D., could not conceal his dictatorial manner. In the early days of the Cold War, happenstance placed two of America s early Asian allies, Syngman Rhee of South Korea and Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam, in New Jersey. Devout nationalist and authoritarian personalities, both returned to rule the truncated souths of their respective nations. Soon Seoul and Saigon turned into battle capitals locked in a frigid war between Moscow and Washington. With time America tired of these two demagogues. Unlike Saigon, where the Kennedy administration orchestrated the coup that led to Diem s murder, in the case of Seoul a group of Korean Army officers, without consulting Washington, staged their bloodless putsch. Rhee had earlier flown off to exile in Hawaii, which became the retirement state of choice for several Asian strongmen. A modernizing military elite took over the destiny of South Korea and worked an economic takeoff. How? Korea s Enrichment Known as the Miracle on the Han, that river corridor cradled Korea s infant economy as this Asian Tiger bounded from cub to cat in one generation. Military midwives managed this miracle. On May 16, 1961, supported by a group of colonels, Park Chung Hee rid Korea of the months of chaos that followed Rhee s departure. But Korea s man on horseback came with collaborationist credentials. Born into a peasant family, the ambitious and upwardly mobile Park sidestepped Korea s class system by joining the Japanese army. Before and during World War II Park trained at an officers school in Japan, served with Japan s Kwantung Army in Manchuria, and received a gold watch for his services from Emperor Hirohito. After World War II, with the country under US occupation, Park graduated with the second class of the Korean Military Academy in Yet he sided with the Yosu rebels against Seoul for which the government arrested him as a communist! [The Yosu army mutiny of April 1948 pitted disaffected Korean troops against Rhee s government and its American backers.] Chameleon survivor, yes; communist sympathizer, no. Economically the Han River colonels had great good luck, both internally and externally. Internally they did not have to face competition from returning western multinationals such as Michelin in French Indochina or Royal Dutch Shell in Indonesia because for forty years Korea had served as an exclusive economic zone for Japanese businesses. Japan s defeat freed nascent Korean firms. Modeled somewhat on giant Japanese zaibatsu, these family-run Korean chaebol now had their day in the sun. Externally the Han River colonel-capitalists came into their own just as a group of Charles River political economists moved into the Potomac River corridor. Filling the policy positions in the Kennedy administration, activist academics those who wanted to test their modernization theories marched in. From Harvard came Samuel Huntington with his influential Political Order in Changing Societies nations undergoing rapid industrialization need strong governments, sometimes of a military nature. From M.I.T. came Walt W. Rostow with his seminal The Stages of Economic Growth modernizing nations require substantial savings, forced if necessary, to achieve economic takeoffs. Park s first book after the coup, Our Nation s Path, Koreanized the Charles River academics, calling for a military-managed, fast-paced modernization for Han River nation-building. Between theory and practice, Potomac Han serendipity prevailed. But an even more momentous Washington decision impacted South Korea s emergence within the global economy. The critical moment for postwar economies came when American leaders, operating in their nation s self interest, decided to transform the American market from a protected enclave into an open emporium for all those who sided with Washington against Moscow, creating economic containment of the Soviets. No matter that allies closed their markets, their goods could enter the United States, the world s largest center for selling and buying. In the Truman administration this made sense due to the war s destruction. Where else could any trader trade? Who but the United States would loan, or give, capital with which to get started? As Europe and Japan recovered, the Eisenhower administration used the same bait to hold less developed states to an anti-communist course. Inasmuch as this worked for others, South Korea rode in with a tide of free riders. To jump start trade, economic assistance came in many forms Truman s Point Four and Eisenhower s Food for Peace. Finally the Kennedy administration housed it all in one institution, the Agency for International Development. And to monitor and manage the world s economy, the United States assumed early leadership of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. In addition to economic help, if a state felt threatened, it could obtain military support. Large American military missions appeared abroad. South Korea received one, its second since the disaster of King Kojong s times. Known as the Korean Military Assistance Group or KMAG, it influenced its host counterpart. American bases within Korea assured Seoul that it could modernize its military with the latest equipment furnished free or purchased depending on circumstances. The Republic of Korea s Armed Forces soon looked like a carbon copy of its
4 American ally s military. Some states snuggled in closer, getting under the American defense umbrella, even its nuclear shield. Seoul snuggled. In like manner, a version of the American Central Intelligence Agency grew into the Korean variant, the KCIA. Differing from its American model, the KCIA included a domestic national police, a Korean Federal Bureau of Investigation. Seoul s combination of J. Edgar Hoover and Allen Dulles was the powerful KCIA director, Kim Chongpil, a graduate of the Korean Military Academy in 1949 and a nephew by marriage of Park Chung Hee. All in the family, Korean style. With strong organizations in place, Park s government chose not to follow the South American and African examples of military rule where a recently installed group squeeze the same resources that its predecessor had squeezed, resulting in no net gain. Instead, Park s group determined to enlarge that which Rhee and Company had squeezed. Old cronies abounded; more importantly, hungry new capitalists appeared. Both worked with Park and Company to make South Korea the developmental state par excellence, achieving growth through cooperation. Taking the phoenix by the wings, they took off, economically. One biography tells the tale. In 1915 a poor farmer s wife in today s North Korea gave birth to a son, Chung Juyung. At eighteen this rural lad stole a cow, sold it, and ran away to the city. For a few years he delivered rice by bicycle and worked on the docks. Then he opened an auto repair shop. When Americans replaced Japanese, Chung s translator-brother got him construction contracts. By the 1960s Chung s company built projects in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. In the 1970s President Park picked Chung and other Korean entrepreneurs to launch heavy industries. With no experience, technology, or even a dry dock, Chung chose shipbuilding. He went on a global search for capital without success, until London. In front of amazed bankers at Barclays he told the seafaring Brits that Korea, not Britain, had built the first ironclads, whipping out a 500-won bill featuring the famed 16th century turtle ships. Bemused, Barclays loaned him $50 million, and a Greek shipper ordered two 260,000-ton oil tankers. Today Chung s company, Hyundai, ranks as the world s biggest shipbuilder. Hyundai means modern ; and visitors to Korea find its green triangle stamped on rows of company apartments, cars, appliances, computers, and office towers. Before the Asian economic crisis of 1997, Hyundai Group s annual sales topped $90 billion, with Chung as Korea s richest man, worth $6 billion. From farm to fortune. Success has an underside. On October 26, 1979, President Park dined at a KCIA safe house in Seoul. The host, Kim Chaegyu, had graduated from the military academy with Park in Kim, now head of KCIA, discussed the disturbances then rocking the country. They argued, Kim shot Park s bodyguard, then Park. Pandemonium: where would Korea find another smart dictator? Dummies came by the container full, but smarties were scarce. While the Carter administration pondered they dispatched an aircraft carrier and Secretary of State Cyrus Vance a second night of the colonels occurred. Chun Doohwan and Roh Taewoo installed themselves along with their classmates from the 1955 graduating class of the Korean Military Academy. Cadets of 1946 out, cadets of 1955 in. The outs used underground tunnels to flee to the American Eighth Army Headquarters. Anger flared in the cities, especially in the southwest. Gwangju (Kwangju) erupted. Seoul s soldiers moved south, mowed down Gwangju s workers and student protesters, and Chun made himself president, visiting the Reagans in the White House. Those who went along got along; Richard Holbrooke of Carter s State Department and later Clinton s administration accepted a wellpaid consultantship at Hyundai. In fact, Hyundai got along as colonels came and went. But colonels can cost. While Chung had created his company, the colonels created conditions. Chung s longtime collusion corresponded with that of most chaebol chiefs. In 1992 Chung ran for the presidency, lost, and found himself indited for campaign finance violations. Guilty of diverting $81 million in Hyundai money to his campaign, he received a three-year sentence, suspended due to his age. But two dozen involved Hyundai officials went to jail. Chung tried to regroup. Under President Kim Daejung he has spearheaded investments in North Korea. Unfortunately, none showed a profit. At a personal level he made North Korea a gift of 1,001 cows in return for the one he stole in By 2001 his empire teetered on the brink. Afraid to let it fail, the government funneled loans its way. Run as a mom and pop store, the entire Chung clan breakfasted together at 6:00 a.m. But Chung could not forcefeed management talent into his seven sons. Mismanagement they learned on their own, with family members accountable to no one. At Chung s death in March 2001, the Korean media reported on The War of the Princes, as seven siblings fought for control of a Seoul dynasty. A likely outcome after Chung s passing was the accelerated breakup of Hyundai into five smaller sets of companies. The top chaebol founders have departed, their generation now history. Amongst them only Chung channeled capital northward. And communism came to capitalism with condolences at Chung s death. On March 24, 2001 Song Hokyong led a four-member group from Pyeongyang to Seoul, carrying a personal message from Kim Jongil and a wreath two meters high. Forgiveness for the cow? Korea s Empowerment Captains of industry to some, robber barons to others, how did these chaebol-chieftains and capitalist-colonels create the Miracle on the Han? In 1950 South Korea s annual per capita income had fallen to under US$150; in 1997 it had risen to over US$10,973. Amazing, yes; impossible, no. First, a literate peasantry moved from country to city in increasing numbers, tempted by better paying jobs. (Literacy in 1999 was 99 percent.) Well-disciplined, hard-working, group-oriented, they filled labor-intensive jobs in export-oriented industries. Second, while crafty, Park was not a crook. He fired thousands of corrupt civil servants and jailed many civilian profiteers. You could get rich, but you had to earn it within Park s system. Third, to control this system, Seoul created a super-ministry, the Economic Planning Board. It reigned at the apex of the economy; imports came, exports went, as it, and it alone, allowed. Fourth, South Korea s Trade Promotion Corporation identified foreign markets, making chaebol offers they could not refuse. Fifth, the government nationalized most commercial banks, then took over the Bank of Korea, the country s central bank. This was a cozy yet creative way to fund an industrial policy. But even miracle makers make mistakes; in this case, big ones, first internally then externally. Internally, they allowed the chaebol to grow stronger than the state itself. Externally, in 1989 they failed to note that, the Cold
5 War over, the United States had imposed new global economic rules, Wall Street style. Economic containment ended without notice. A new buzz word appeared the global economy policed by the World Trade Organization, capitalism s best friend. With a take it or leave it attitude, the fattened First World took, leaving little for the famished forgotten world. Hence the Asian financial crisis of Not that Asian mismanagement had not helped. It had. Fault aplenty stretched around the Pacific Rim. Before the crisis of 1997, Korea suffered through the crisis of The 79 fix came with higher value-added manufacturing Barbie dolls and T-shirts out, computer chips and designer jeans in. But the big fix remained unfixed; the chaebol grew too strong, squeezing out small and medium-sized industries from capital markets. This too big to fail syndrome held the government hostage, a clientelistic cabal. Park s successors knew this and tried to tame these tiger-titans. A new over-the-counter stock market provided funds for small-to-medium firms and venture capitalists. The state toughened laws against insider trading and sold its shares in commercial banks. Chaebol chiefs cringed, then countered. Through intermediaries, they bought the government s banking shares. By 1987 the five largest chaebol still comprised 75% of manufacturing. The government fumbled again, urged on by the World Trade Organization. No longer would Seoul require reporting on shortterm loans. Eureka! The chaebol rushed in to avoid the loan controls then still in effect for long-term borrowing. But the Panic of 97 stampeded owners of short-term capital who wanted their money back immediately. This the chaebol could not do. All this happened under civilian leaders as Korea in the early 1990s meticulously rid itself of military mandarins, the colonels closeted back in barrack cubicles. President Kim Young Sam s administration led the change ( ). By then Seoul had heard Washington s clarion call for globalism. Korea tried to adjust under a Koreanized blueprint, segyehwa. Unfortunately, this tempted chaebol like Daewoo to borrow huge amounts of foreign capitol for risky investments in Eastern Europe and the successor states of the former Soviet Union. Daewoo sank $US3.5 billion into Uzbekistan Daewoo Motors in Where was the market? As of June 1997, Daewoo had investments in 380 projects in eightyfive different countries. After the Panic of 97 Daewoo fell into bankruptcy, its CEO, Kim Woochoong, an exile wanted for fraud. This too will pass; the world s eleventh largest economy has grown too big to fail. Hence the International Monetary Fund loaned Seoul an unprecedented $US57 billion. Why did they bet on Korea? Partially because the problems with Korea s economy rested in the chaebol structure; fix it and you help fix the problem. After all, Korea had used its deficits for investments, not for consumption. In fact, Korea s secret for rebounding remained a concentration, with big ticket infrastructure items dominating the government s capital budget. Their motto Always improve. Boats, planes, and trains reinvent themselves, Korean style. Before these came roads. Build them and they will drive, and they did Koreans owned 10.5 million autos by In 1970 the government completed an expressway from Seoul to Busan (Pusan), passing by Daejeon (Taejon) and Daegu (Taegu), major inland cities. They paved what had historically served as southern Korea s main supply route (MSR) or line of communication (LOC). Italy had built the closest example in the West, its Autostrada del Sol. As happened in Tuscany, the later Korean version tunneled through mountains and bridged high above valley floors. Roads ran on land, ships on sea. Not only did Koreans build supertankers for others, they built container ships for themselves. Koreans never saw a container they couldn t fill with export items. Ulsan s global port, Korea s busiest with million tons passing through in 1998, loaded products packaged in iron boxes the size of boxcars. Twenty-eight other ports along the long, indented coastline followed Ulsan s shipping lead. In 2001 glamorous infrastructures served planes and trains. Seoul wanted an air-hub that would rival Schipol in the Netherlands, a Northeast Asian version of that Western European terminus. On March 29, 2001 a Korean Airlines flight inaugurated Seoul s dreamed of Winged City Airport. San Francisco s Bechtel Corporation built the Koreans an airdrome six times the size of Kansai International Airport near Osaka, Japan and twelve times the size of Chek Lap Kok International Airport in Hong Kong. Flattening Yongjong and Yongyu Islands in Inchon s shallow harbor, connecting them with four runways, building a fast-train system to Seoul (2007), and spending US$5.5 billion, Seoul plans to load and off-load 27 million passengers in By 2020 it expects the figure to grow to 100 million. Seoul s sonic subways scheduled growth to meet this influx. To speed multiple millions around the nation, Korea bought the French fast train, the TGV. In a ferocious French fight, Paris gave way to Seoul. France builds half the trains and shares the technology so that the buyers can Koreanize the product for home use and overseas sales. Heavier than other TGVs except the Paris-London-Brussels Eurostar, the Korean model will speed from Seoul to Busan at almost two hundred miles per hour (350 km/h), with 38 percent of the trip through tunnels. The price tag grew to over US$13.4 billion; nevertheless, Seoul set an opening date for the first section in 2001, last section 2003, with each train carrying 935 passengers and a new train leaving every four minutes! The TGV even came with its own scandal, a reported US$11 million commission to Ms. Ho Kichum and friend. After the payment, Ms. Ho married her trophy husband, the Frenchman who headed the TGV sales force. The Korea Times labeled such cases Scandals Hatched Under Skirts. Skirt or no skirt, to keep ahead globally Korea built a new technology district, Songdo Media Valley, between Inchon and Seoul. Korean techies pride themselves that their nation ranks as the most wired and wireless place in Asia. The Internet has made their homeland cybercrazy. But they, too, watched the dotcom bubble burst. Korea s high-tech KOSDAQ stock exchange tumbled 80% since its peak in March 2000 steeper than NASDAQ s quantum fall. Where does the required energy for all these projects come from? With Siberian winters and Sumatran summers, Korea needs to heat and cool itself as well as feed its future energy-intensive industries. It imports 97 percent of its power sources. To reduce pollution, Korea has turned to liquefied natural gas (LNG) and electricity, 32% of which comes from nuclear plants. Nor has Seoul reneged on the Kyoto agreements to reduce greenhouse gases. To meet these goals it has invested in solar and wind power.
6 While Korea has never suffered a forced diaspora, Koreans have gone global. In music, film, literature, sports, dance, fashion, cuisine they star. The Winter 2001 concert series at Carnegie Hall sold out the night Korean soprano Sumi Jo sang Puccini and Gershwin. The preceding year South Korea s film industry introduced world cinema to director Im Kwontaek s masterpiece Chunhyang, one of over 90 films by this venerable artist. In the 1990s, a Korean-American novelist, Chang Rae Lee, gave readers two bestsellers, Native Speaker and A Gesture Life. In Los Angeles the starting pitcher for the Dodgers is often Park Chanho, and Korean women have won more Olympic Gold Medals in archery than all other nations combined. In California, the Cleveland San Jose Ballet turned to Choi Kwangsuk to dance Prince Siegfried in Swan Lake. In New York, veteran fashion designer Lee Younghee presented a recent collection of traditional and modern apparel. And for global taste buds, annual exports of kimchi in 2000 exceeded 20,000 tons a feast of fermented cabbage. For global politics South Korea has a galactic president in Kim Daejung. His peace offensive led to an historic meeting in Pyeongyang with North Korea s leader, Kim Jongil. This sunshine triumph occurred on June 13, Since then a series of steps, some forward, some backward, have slowed but not stopped this Korean détente. The biggest obstacle remains US policy. In search of an enemy, post Cold-War America targeted poverty-ridden North Korea, demonizing its leaders. The Clinton administration used Korea for two of its moral disasters: the refusal to sign the landmine treaty and the testing of a Star Wars sequel. In the first disaster Clinton officials maintained they could not sign because they needed land mines to defend South Korea. This decision put Americans in an exclusive club that included the Buddhabusting bandits in Kabul who also refused to sign. Even though land mines have now killed more children than soldiers, the issue remains off the Bush administration s radar. In the second disaster Clinton apologists saw in North Korea s Taepodong missile an armed rogue state readying a blow at North America, hence the need for a space shield. This decision put Americans in an exclusive club of one. Even though world leaders warn of an arms race into space, the Bush administration s radar conjures an even greater missile threat than his predecessor s. Now the US has a Space Command at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado and the Air Force surpasses NASA in space funding. Woes rocket in when wisdom wanders. In all of this the Pentagon continues to view South Korea as a permanent military base. This will not stand the test of time, but a peninsula reunification will, first and foremost on Korean terms. To make sure of that, Kim Daejung has his own Unification Minister, Lim Dongwon While awaiting that future reunion, President Kim Daejung has balanced foreign concerns, especially Russian, Chinese, Japanese, and American with his domestic agenda peace with the North and recovery for the Southern economy. A juggler extraordinaire. South Korea s unemployment soared to 6.8 percent in 1998, labor unrest turned violent at places like Daewoo factories that tried to downsize, and gross national income in 1998 plummeted 7.9 percent. This too Kim addressed. He also found time to do some writing, devastating the cryptofascist argument that Singapore s former prime minister Lee Kuan Yew made in the journal Foreign Affairs. Lee confused Confucian order for authoritarianism, suggesting that Asian cultures cry out for strict leaders. In the same journal, President Kim turned this western democracybe-damned thesis on its head with the following. There are no ideas more fundamental to democracy than the teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Tonghak (a native religion of Korea). Most importantly, President Kim s government has turned the economic corner. In 2000 the South Korean economy grew at 8.5 percent with predictions that it will grow at least 5 percent in 2001, a year of little growth in the world economy. The Asian financial flu has fled from the Land of the Morning Calm. Careful, reform-oriented leaders will hopefully keep it at bay. The Korean economic phoenix flies again. The University of San Francisco - Educating minds and hearts to change the world - since 1855
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Solterra Resort Orlando Amenities Solterra Resort Orlando amenities are included for all guests staying in a Vacation Rental property for the duration of their holiday. Solterra Resort Orlando amenities now include a new Lazy River Attraction making Solterra one of […]Continue reading
Orlando Attractions
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subset: commoncrawl


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All Films.All Above Board.NOW INCLUDES TV SHOWS & TV LISTINGS
Film drama written and directed by Nic Balthazar, based on his novel. Autistic teenager Ben (Greg Timmermans) responds to the daily torment of being bullied at school by retreating into the alternative world of online gaming. However, his two realities collide when Scarlite, a girl he meets in the virtual world of the Archlord game, arranges a real-life meeting.


text: Cimarron Holy Smoker w/ Double Inlays Cimarron 1849 Pocket Single Action Percu... Cimarron Pistolero Cimarron Lightning CIMARRON (Uberti) MP410 MODEL P 45 LONG ... Guns Pistols Cimmaron Pistols Cimmaron Outlaw | 185 | 58 | Lc | 218.8375ms View Category Cimmaron 1875 Outlaw For Sale from Dave Kemp | No feedback Yet View | | 7 Completed Sales View Sellers Items /UserImages/22872/998331484 11051184.jpg Description: Uberti Cimarron 1875 Outlaw in 45 LC Brand new from Cimarron in 5.5" barrel. Neat gun ,great handling and something different then everyone else shoots ! From Cimarron: Built to compete with Samuel Colt's single action, the 1875-Style revolver was every bit as reliable and accurate as the much lauded Colt. The revolver retained the webbed barrel of previous percussion designs. This distinctive design was favored by outlaw Frank James and Texas Ranger Bill McDonald. Both praised the handling of this classic revolver. offered at Reduced $495.00 plus ship (should be around 25 w/o insurance USPS Priority) This gun is IN STOCK and ready to ship as are all the guns I have listed-unless noted.Have more Cimarron and Taylors as well as Colt Saa's -7 1/2" 44 Special Blue/CC,7 1/2 45LC Blue/C,44 special Nickel 7 1/2",38/40 Blue/cc. Happy to send along more pics,answer questions over phone or email.Please email your phone number so I can call back if I miss the call-I do not have text sorry,thanks. Be sure to look at my other offerings for more Colt Saa's,Colts, Rugers, Brownings,Kimber,Les Baer,Uberti's by both Taylor and Cimarron,and Ferlib,Merkel,Garbi, Arrizabalaga,Parker Repro's shotguns and other fine guns.Inventory always changing be sure to check with us for any needs. Local New Hampshire Buyer can view/purchase gun in person-after 4473/ NICS check, at Investment Arms business premise in New Hampshire Country Store, Rt 16 Chocorua NH.Please email/call ( ) first to be sure its not sold. We also Buy and Consign Guns Payment by bank check,UPS money order-personal check held until clear 10 days.Buyer must provide dealers signed 01 FFL-email or hard copy,I will include a copy of my FFL with shipment. 3 Day non firing/non turn inspection period (gun must be in same condition if returned) on used guns only-NOT new guns sorry-they are under factory warranty.Buyer pays shipping and insurance both ways on used gun if returned. SAFETY NOTICE: Buyer is solely responsible for determining that a used gun is safe to shoot.The firearms offered has been given a visual inspection for collection purpose only. It is a requirement that any used firearm be inspected by a qualified gunsmith before firing. By purchasing the firearm, the buyer agrees to hold seller harmless against damages, injury, or death caused by defective merchandise Read More Condition: New In Box Caliber: .45 Colt Location: NH Trades Accepted: No Read More We ,the business premise, are located in New Hampshire Country Store ,RT 16 Chocorua,NH 03817.We are there most weekends or by appointment. Shipping Notes: See Description Read More Share Item Item #: 998331484 Dave Kemp Seller Since: Jun. 2002 Seller Level: Verified This seller is an FFL City: Chocorua/NH/03817 State: NH Price: SOLD Shipping: FREE in-store pick up! Accepted Payment Methods: Returns: No Returns Your Recently Viewed Items


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IJ Simpson
I'm a hobbiest photographer, interested in landscapes, trees, reflections and different perspectives.
This is my first semi-serious attempt at presenting my photographs. I shoot with a Nikon D5500, having upgraded from the D3000. I also like to fiddle with my photos using various apps and editing software.
Featured in...
I had 4 photographs published in Whitstable 365
More info?
If you want more information on my photographs, or are interested in buying any of them, please send me an email: ianjsimpson[at]hotmail[dot]com or fill in the form below (please include the title/year of the photograph you are interested in).
I'm happy to discuss any purchasing requirements; prints or files.


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More Doha Previews: WOW!!/
FSX/P3D. It's official. Taxi2Gate is without a doubt an elite development team in the flight simulation industry. It's incredibly amazing just how far these guys have come over the years. I remember years ago following their little regional Cuban and Mexican airports and now? They are Global Mega Airport builders 100% equal to FSDT, FlyTampa and the likes! Their current project takes us to Doha and if you are a fan of FlyTampa Dubai, you will love this project as it also will come complete with the city of Doha modeled with sky scrapers and all! Words just can't describe how impressed with this team but by all means, see for yourself. This team is no joke. Keep it up Taxi2Gate!


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A really good news for all developers that need to develop .NET MF devices with different .NET MF frameworks: the next small update on .NET Micro Framework 4.1 will add Visual Studio 2010 as well as the multi-targeting support. That means that you are able to compile with .NET MF 3.0 as well as .NET MF 4.1. If it will be possible to use the binary files compiled with the new framework on .NET MF 4.0 I'm not sure.
Looking forward to this new release!


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Carter Blood Drive at the Saginaw Recreation Center – June 22June 16, 2017 | Maryjane Cook
The City of Saginaw is hosting a Blood Drive in the parking lot of the Recreation Center, 633 West McLeroy Blvd. on Thursday, June 22nd from 2:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. Your blood donation can save up to three (3) … Read More
Botanic garden wins Experts' Choice AwardJune 16, 2017 | Maryjane Cook
The Fort Worth Botanic Garden is among the recipients of the 2017 Experts' Choice Award from TripExpert. The award reflects the views of journalists and professional travel writers and is bestowed on only the best attractions around the world. Less … Read More
Camp Big Read: Fun for Everyone!June 12, 2017 | Maryjane Cook
Camp Big Read isn't just a reading program for the kids. There's something fun for everyone.The fun includes weekly drawings, a prize wheel and exciting events.The prize wheel and drawings are a part of the reading competition for Camp Big … Read More
Maverick FundJune 12, 2017 | Maryjane Cook
The $734.89 donation to the Maverick Fund went towards the fracture repair of the dog in the photos above. He was found on Hwy 64 in Tyler after he had been hit by a car. At first he was … Read More


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Re: Albee, Elijah 1841 Vermont
In reply to:
Albee, Elijah 1841 Vermont
Jeffrey Dailey 11/05/99
Hi Jeff,
For parents of your Elijah Albee (also common spelling Allbee) check with the Town of Rockingham, VT vital records. I have an Elijah Albee in one of my surname lists b. abt 1771/72 in Rockingham, VT one of 10 children of Ebenezer Albee and Rachel Avery of Townsend, MA. He could be the grandfather of your Elijah b. 1841.Most of the VT Albee's migrated from Townsend MA to Rockingham, VT to Weathersfield, VT circa 1710-1820's. Also check First Congregational Church records in Rockingham, VT. Many early VT Albee's were admitted to this church. Hope this helps you narrow down your search. My source is the Albee Family Genealogy files at the Weathersfield VT Historical Society compiled by Emma Putnam Goldsmith Albee circa 1949. firstname.lastname@example.com


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All this weekend, Igorok has a 10x normal chance to appear in Heroic Summons in Dungeon Boss. Igorok is, hands-down, the best hero in the game, so this weekend marks a great chance to add him to your roster of heroes. Of course, a heroic summons costs 300 gems and for the most part gems are a paid currency, so you might be looking at opening your wallet this weekend to get your chance at Igorok.
You'll also find that Igorok tokens are dropping in certain dungeons. These tokens drop in addition to the normal tokens for each of those dungeons. They Igorok tokens are typically dropping in the harder 7-stamina dungeons, including:
- Reflection Halls
- Hope's End
- Lair of the Lich
- Emperor's Palace
- Devourer of Flames
Want to add Igorok to your roster of heroes? You'll need to spend a lot of time in the Heroic and VIP summons portals. You'll need a combination of luck and probably money to assemble the gems necessary to unlock him.
Here is a character summary of Igorok on Youtube:


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The Turtle Creek Fine Arts Festival is held in Dallas's historic park, Reverchon Park.
3505 Maple Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75219
2400 Turtle Creek Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75219
We have organized the festival by sections for Art, Craft, Antiques, and Children's Area.
By Dart
Information to come.
For additional information visit www.DART.org or call DART at 214-979-1111
By Bike/on Foot
Wheelchair Accessibility
The following park entrances are wheelchair accessible:
By Car
- Daily parking rates are:
- Drop-off period (0 – 30 minutes)
- Each additional 30 minutes- $ 1.00<
- Maximum daily rate – $15.00


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(SportsNetwork.com) - The New York Islanders will try to avoid matching their longest losing streak of the season on Tuesday when the Metropolitan Division leaders host the Florida Panthers from Nassau Coliseum.
The Islanders hold a one-point lead over the Pittsburgh Penguins for first place the Metro, but Jack Capuano's club has failed to gain a point over its last two games, dropping a 5-2 home decision Thursday against Boston before falling 4-1 Saturday in Detroit.
New York has lost three straight games only twice this season and both times the Isles dropped all three in regulation. The last occurrence was from Dec. 6-11.
The Islanders only managed to get one shot past Detroit's Petr Mrazek on Saturday, with Lubomir Visnovsky providing the lone tally for the visitors. Backup goaltender Chad Johnson allowed all four goals on just 19 shots in the loss.
"I didn't see the grit and determination that you're going to need in the second half of the season," said New York head coach Jack Capuano. "That's a little disturbing to see from my perspective."
Jaroslav Halak is expected to be back in net tonight for the Isles. New York's No. 1 goaltender owns superb career numbers against the Panthers, going 9-1-0 with a 1.78 goals against average in this matchup.
New York is 17-5-0 as the host this season and had won four straight on Long Island before losing to Boston on Thursday. After tonight, the Isles will embark on a three-game road trip, beginning with Thursday's game in Philadelphia.
Florida, meanwhile, saw its playoff hopes take another hit on Monday, as it lost for the seventh time in eight games with a 6-3 road loss to the New York Rangers.
The Panthers, who have lost two straight, are eight points behind the Washington Capitals for the last playoff spot in the East.
Florida rallied from down 3-1 against the Rangers to even the score by the end of 40 minutes, but New York scored three unanswered in the third period to take control of the game.
Aleksander Barkov, Dave Bolland and Brandon Pirri tallied for the Panthers. Roberto Luongo surrendered five goals on 37 shots but stopped a Carl Hagelin penalty shot late in the contest.
"It doesn't feel like the end of the year," said Bolland, when it was suggested these losses push the Panthers out of the playoff picture. "It's no fun losing but it's not the end of the year. There's always another game. We have another one [Tuesday] and we'll be ready to play."
Florida backup goalie Al Montoya could get the call in net tonight. The former Islander is 2-0 with a 2.95 goals against average against his former team.
The Panthers are completing a three-game road trip tonight and own a 11-9-6 record as the guest.
The Isles have claimed two straight and four of the last six meetings with the Panthers. Florida has lost three of its past four trips to the Coliseum.


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In the heat of the South under the gaze of patriarch Big Daddy, the expectations ofmarriage and family spoil. A birthday party brings a family's skeletons to the surfaceas each one fights over the bones. This trip to Drury Lane Theater in OakbrookTerrace, includes deluxe transportation, lunch and show. The runtime for this show is 2 hours and 40 minutes with a 15 minute intermission. If you are a member of the Senior Club, please come in and register to receive your $10 discount, or register at one of your monthly luncheons! (ER)AGE: 60+yrs
LOCATION: Meet at Itasca Rec Center MIN/MAX: 8/13DEADLINE: Wed Aug 8


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This was us getting ready waiting for our Christmas Eve Program to start. We read the baby Jesus story to the kids and sang the Christmas songs that went along with the story.
Amy made this incredible snake for Tanner and 2 little snakes for Kate (a Mommy and a baby snake). They love them. Tanner carried his around all night and now it rests peacefully on the end of his bed, where all of his prized toys go. Kate sleeps with hers as well, along with her other 20+ stuffed animals.
This is the only picture we have from Christmas morning...Tanner was so anti-picture. Then Kate copied and she was anti-picture. So this one was taken in hiding, without flash, when it was still pitch black outside....creating that beautiful grainy, blurry, dark look. = ) All Kate wanted for Christmas was a baby crib. She loves it.
Kate was in love (in a very motherly way) with her baby cousin Daniel.
Buzz Lightyear jammies from Ama....which he's tried to where every single night since Christmas.
Ama playing with her grandchildren at the park. Who knew our leaves changed colors in December?


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Want to speak to one of our friendly staff? 1300 652 250
There is simply no wedding venue anywhere in South East Queensland, or indeed Australia, that match the stunning locations available for you at Tangalooma Island Resort on beautiful Moreton Island. Your wedding day is all about you, and we pride ourselves on complete exclusivity and dedication – we only have 1 wedding per day!
Included in all packages from Tangalooma Island Resort is an extensive range of styling options from award winning ceremony and reception stylists 'Beautiful Weddings'. For more information about our weddings or events please contact our team on 07 3637 2152 or email us today at email@example.com
There is simply no wedding venue anywhere in South East Queensland that matches the stunning location of Tangalooma Island Resort. Tangalooma Island Resort has been a family owned and operated resort since 1980, when local Brisbane family, the Osborne's, purchased the resort.
Enjoy your very own private slice of heaven, on absolute beachfront in Tangalooma's premium wedding venue - The Waterfront Pavilion.
The elegant white marquee boasts 4 meter ceilings and can cater for weddings from 50 to 300 guests, Enjoy light ocean breezes by the private gazebo, or gaze over Moreton Bay from inside the pavilion. This venue sets the idyllic setting for your Tangalooma wedding reception.
Imagine watching the golden sunset over Moreton Bay from your beach bonfire reception, with sand between your toes. We are one of the only venues in Queensland that are able to have beach bonfire receptions!
Pick any part of our amazing beachfront and enjoy unsurpassed views over Moreton Bay and the Glasshouse Mountains. We can accommodate up to 250 guests seated with this venue, perfect for a relaxed beach wedding.
Contact our friendly Wedding and Events team for further information about Tangalooma and Moreton Island Weddings!
Request a quote or Information pack
Get in touch with our Wedding Team to arrange a quote for you


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Professional Management
Your boat will feel completely yours every time you step aboard. We take care of everything from the cleaning to scheduling and supervising the maintenance.
As a boat share owner, you'll enjoy all the benefits of owning a boat on Sydney Harbour but with none of the hassles. Whether you're taking out family and friends, enticing the kids away from their screens, or entertaining clients, no one says no to a day on the water, especially when they'll be doing it in luxury.
We promise you a genuine walk-on, walk-off experience. Everything will be ready for you to cast off as soon as you arrive. At the end of your voyage, you can just step off and walk away.
Nothing is too much trouble for us to take care of.


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Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first MassLive.com user to add photos or videos of 422 Mystic Ave Realty Llc
The mystic project is the bomb cause it has beatiful buildings and computer
Since 1994, 422 Mystic Ave. Realty Llc has been providing Real Estate Brokers And Agents from Somerville.


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WAND Card holders are welcome at Battersea Park Children's Zoo. the card holder and a parent or carer can visit the Zoo for free. The Zoo encourages 'up-close' encounters with animals and teaches children about conservation.
Find out more about the WAND Card here.
The Zoo is aimed at children and young people aged 2-15 years and their families.
At the Zoo, children and adults can:
- see animals from around the world;
- hear, smell and touch animals; and
- learn more about animals and the environment.
Please contact the Zoo before visiting to check closing times or to book groups, tours or parties in advance. No dogs are allowed at the zoo, except guide dogs for the blind.
At the Zoo, there are many different kinds of animals. There is also a play area for children. Snacks, hot and cold drinks are available to buy from the shop and there is access to a heated indoor baby feeding room with chairs, toys, books and a microwave.


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Week 11 of the ECHL On Demand Podcasts are now available.
Nick Brunker (@nickbrunker) of the Cincinnati Cyclones hosts this week's Eastern Conference podcast (also availalbe on iTunes). Nick takes a look around the Eastern Conference and speaks to Florida Panthers goaltending consultant, and former ECHL goaltender, Steve Shields.
Jesse Liebman (@TheJesseLiebman) of the Ontario Reign presents this week's Western Conference podcast (also available on iTunes). In addition to looking at news and notes from the Western Conference,Jesse talks to Stockton Thunder head coach Rich Kromm.
Be sure to follow the ECHL On Demand podcast on Twitter (@ECHLOnDemand) and like the ECHL on Facebook (Facebook.com/ECHLHockey) and give your feedback on the podcast and suggest features for future episodes.


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January is usually cold and dreary, but this past month has actually been so fun! I love not having any major plans in January after the holidays, and trying to find new ways to keep the month exciting. When it comes to not shopping, this January was honestly challenging; there were so many amazing after-holiday sales, but somehow I pulled through and stuck to my vow. Here is what I did in January that did NOT involve shopping:
made homemade brunch with the boy on a lazy day
got Sunday morning coffee with the girls at Grandview Grind
took a walk around my neighborhood in the Short North
drank so much green tea {often times with biscotti} to stay healthy and warm
went wine tasting with the girls at Hausfrau Haven in German Village
Happy February!


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Innovations with Ed Begley Jr. will explore the positive impact of LED T-10 Bramal Led on Discovery Channel on January 23 2015 at 7h30 ET and PST
Jupiter, FL— DMG Productions announces the upcoming airing of Innovations with Ed Begley, Jr., scheduled to broadcast on Friday, January 23, 2015 at 7:30 a.m. ET and 7:30 a.m. PST, via Discovery Channel. This episode is also available via FOX Business and VOA.
In this episode Innovations will explore the positive impact of Bramal LED's T-10 lamps, which provide over 80,000 hours of continuous lighting, and can reduce energy consumption by up to 70 percent.
Audiences will learn how Green Lumens™ utilizes a turnkey customized approach to lighting and sustainability by designing, manufacturing, installing and maintaining light fixtures solutions with LED products. This segment focuses on Green Lumens™ retrofitting technology for conventional lighting, which reduces operating expenses while reducing greenhouse emissions and improving sustainability.
Link to Innovations television


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Privacy Policy:
protouch restoration ("Protouch Restoration") operates http://protouchrestoration.net/ and may operate other websites. It is Protouch Restoration policy to respect your privacy regarding any information we may collect while operating our websites.
Website Visitors
Like most website operators, Protouch Restoration collects non-personally-identifying information of the sort that web browsers and servers typically make available, such as the browser type, language preference, referring site, and the date and time of each visitor request. Protouch Restoration purpose in collecting non-personally identifying information is to better understand how Protouch Restoration visitors use its website. From time to time, Protouch Restoration may release non-personally-identifying information in the aggregate, e.g., by publishing a report on trends in the usage of its website.
Protouch Restoration also collects potentially personally-identifying information like Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for logged in users and for users leaving comments on http://protouchrestoration.net/ blogs/sites. Protouch Restoration only discloses logged in user and commenter IP addresses under the same circumstances that it uses and discloses personally-identifying information as described below, except that commenter IP addresses and email addresses are visible and disclosed to the administrators of the blog/site where the comment was left.
Gathering of Personally-Identifying Information
Certain visitors to Protouch Restoration websites choose to interact with Protouch Restoration in ways that require Protouch Restoration to gather personally-identifying information. The amount and type of information that Protouch Restoration gathers depends on the nature of the interaction. For example, we ask visitors who sign up at http://protouchrestoration.net/ to provide a username and email address. Those who engage in transactions with Protouch Restoration are asked to provide additional information, including as necessary the personal and financial information required to process those transactions. In each case, Protouch Restoration collects such information only insofar as is necessary or appropriate to fulfill the purpose of the visitor's interaction with Protouch Restoration. Protouch Restoration does not disclose personally-identifying information other than as described below. And visitors can always refuse to supply personally-identifying information, with the caveat that it may prevent them from engaging in certain website-related activities.
Aggregated Statistics
Protouch Restoration may collect statistics about the behavior of visitors to its websites. Protouch Restoration may display this information publicly or provide it to others. However, Protouch Restoration does not disclose personally-identifying information other than as described below.
Protection of Certain Personally-Identifying Information
Protouch Restoration discloses potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information only to those of its employees, contractors and affiliated organizations that (i) need to know that information in order to process it on Protouch Restoration behalf or to provide services available at Protouch Restoration websites, and (ii) that have agreed not to disclose it to others. Some of those employees, contractors and affiliated organizations may be located outside of your home country; by using Protouch Restoration websites, you consent to the transfer of such information to them. Protouch Restoration will not rent or sell potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information to anyone. Other than to its employees, contractors and affiliated organizations, as described above, Protouch Restoration discloses potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information only in response to a subpoena, court order or other governmental request, or when Protouch Restoration believes in good faith that disclosure is reasonably necessary to protect the property or rights of Protouch Restoration, third parties or the public at large. If you are a registered user of an Protouch Restoration website and have supplied your email address, Protouch Restoration may occasionally send you an email to tell you about new features, solicit your feedback, or just keep you up to date with what's going on with Protouch Restoration and our products. If you send us a request (for example via email or via one of our feedback mechanisms), we reserve the right to publish it in order to help us clarify or respond to your request or to help us support other users. Protouch Restoration takes all measures reasonably necessary to protect against the unauthorized access, use, alteration or destruction of potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information.
A cookie is a string of information that a website stores on a visitor's computer, and that the visitor's browser provides to the website each time the visitor returns. Protouch Restoration uses cookies to help Protouch Restoration identify and track visitors, their usage of Protouch Restoration website, and their website access preferences. Protouch Restoration visitors who do not wish to have cookies placed on their computers should set their browsers to refuse cookies before using Protouch Restoration websites, with the drawback that certain features of Protouch Restoration websites may not function properly without the aid of cookies.
Business Transfers
If Protouch Restoration, or substantially all of its assets, were acquired, or in the unlikely event that Protouch Restoration goes out of business or enters bankruptcy, user information would be one of the assets that is transferred or acquired by a third party. You acknowledge that such transfers may occur, and that any acquirer of Protouch Restoration may continue to use your personal information as set forth in this policy.
Ads appearing on any of our websites may be delivered to users by advertising partners, who may set cookies. These cookies allow the ad server to recognize your computer each time they send you an online advertisement to compile information about you or others who use your computer. This information allows ad networks to, among other things, deliver targeted advertisements that they believe will be of most interest to you. This Privacy Policy covers the use of cookies by Protouch Restoration and does not cover the use of cookies by any advertisers.
Privacy Policy Changes
Although most changes are likely to be minor, Protouch Restoration may change its Privacy Policy from time to time, and in Protouch Restoration sole discretion. Protouch Restoration encourages visitors to frequently check this page for any changes to its Privacy Policy. If you have a http://protouchrestoration.net/ account, you might also receive an alert informing you of these changes. Your continued use of this site after any change in this Privacy Policy will constitute your acceptance of such change.
Information We Collect and How We Use It
Protouch Restoration collects certain information from and about its users three ways: directly from our Web Server logs, the user, and with Cookies. When you visit our Website, we may track information to administer the site and analyze its usage for the purpose of serving our visitors and customers better.
This website uses Google AdWords' free conversion tracking features on certain pages. If you contact us online, the destination page will have code on it that will help us understand the path you took to arrive on that page.
DoubleClick: We use Google AdWords remarketing codes to log when users view specific pages or take specific actions on a website. This allows us to provide targeted advertising in the future. If you do not wish to receive this type of advertising from us in the future you can opt out using the DoubleClick opt-out page or the Network Advertising Initiative opt-out page.
Bing Ads: This website uses Microsoft's free tracking features on its webpages. If you contact us online, the destination page will have code on it that will help us understand the path you took to arrive on that page.
We will not disclose personally identifiable information we collect from you to third parties without your permission except to the extent necessary including:
To fulfill your requests for services.
To protect ourselves from liability.
To respond to legal process or comply with law, or in connection with a merger, acquisition, or liquidation of the company.


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Programming Note: Back to School
January 10, 2013 Leave a comment Go to comments
I'm back at Duke for my last semester at Duke (sad face). With classes, tenting and the job search, my posting may fall off a bit. I'll try to keep up and continue to post frequently, but I can't guarantee anything so bear with me over the next few months!
Categories: My Life


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Reflection Paper on Personal Values
As I considered my personal values and the values taken into consideration in the simulations, I concluded that my personal value system had not changed but had expanded. Before performing the simulations, my personal value system consisted of values such as integrity, respect, trust, loyalty, and quality relationships. The new values that I have added to my value system are time and confidentiality. In the following sections, I will discuss my values on time, confidentiality, and loyalty an existing value.
Valuing Time
Time has become one of my values because everything that I do and every decision that I make depends upon how I allocate my time to perform and complete my tasks. I also consider time to be an important value because I must consider it when I create and plan schedules to show when project assignments are to be completed. And, time plays an important role on my job when I have to set up conference calls with out-of-state vendors or customers to finalize decisions and job assignments.
Valuing Confidentiality
Confidentiality has become one of my values because it is important for me to be aware of how I handle confidential information. Confidentiality is very important in my line of work because many of my job assignments involve classified information that is authorized for only certain individuals to handle. Confidentiality is also crucial because I must always be mindful of whom I discuss my job responsibilities with, conceal classified documents properly, and remain aware of whom I come in contact with when traveling for the job. If confidential information were to leak out and emerge in the form of rumors within the office, I would not confirm or deny the information and let others know that I am not at liberty to discuss the rumors.
Valuing Loyalty
Loyalty is an important value to me because I desire to have personal and business relationships with individuals whose mutual...
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