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Company Profile
Get Technologies is dedicated to the relentless pursuit of perfection in understanding and satisfying the industry's and costumer's requirements. Using state of the art computer aided technology; Get Technologies designs and produces the most advanced LED Lights & Fixtures in the market today.
Manufactured in our first class facility, Get Technologies fittings are produced under quality systems certified to RoHS & CE.
The team at Get Technologies is proud of its accomplishments. The milestones mentioned within this profile make us the most viable supplier of high quality lighting solutions. We look forward to the opportunity of providing you with our exceptional level of customer support before, during and after the sale.
Download Projects Gallery (PDF)
Download Testimonials and Appericiations Letters (PDF)
Get Technologies is committed to provide quality solutions that meet our three core values of social, environment and economic sustainability.
To build relationship with our clients and to help them to achieve and build sustainable business practices for their benefits at lower cost.
Get Technologies is a business partner of its clients and aims to provide quality solutions and support. We aim to exceed expectations through regular reviews and regular consultations with "YOUR BUSINESS" "OUR MISSION" is to provide services, Technology and education that enable and accelerate the adoption of LED as a medium of luminance.
We provide services that simplify your interaction with Technology in every aspect of your day. It could be purchasing, setting up, configuring, maintaining and upgrading.


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Prayer Wall
The purpose of this Prayer Wall is to be an encouragement and support to those
who feel alone in their infertility struggles.
HOW I GOT MY WIFE:firstname.lastname@example.com
Am writing this article to appreciate the good work of DR OTIS DARKO that helped me recently to bring back my wife that left me for another man for no reason for the past 3 years. After seeing a post of a woman on the internet testifying of how she was helped by DR OTIS DARKO. I also decided to contact him for help because all i wanted was for me to get my wife, happiness and to make sure that my child grows up with his mother. Am happy today that he helped me and i can proudly say that my wife is now with me again and she is now in love with me like never before. Are you in need of any help in your relationship like getting back your man, wife, boyfriend, girlfriend, winning of lotteries, herbal cure for sickness or job promotion E.T.C. Viewers reading my post that needs the help of DR OTIS DARKO should contact him now on his E-mail: email@example.com...YOU CAN ALSO ADD HIM UP ON WHATSAPP USING THIS MOBILE NUMBER:+234807752613
Received: April 8, 2018
Greetings to everyone, Life they say is full of deceit. No torture and pain can be compare to what I Jackson Bernard experience in the hands of scammers, I trusted the words of those fake loan lenders without verifying, I lost more than $12,500 in the quest of obtaining a loan i sold my car defaulted in my bills but i keep on falling victim my life has been piece of trash full of mess. My kids dropped out of school, My bank denied me credit because my credit score was down already. Until last week a very close friend told me that she got a loan from MARKO LOAN PLC that i should also give it a try. Not having an option I contacted them with a heart full of sorrow and skepticism i shyly follow their procedures comply to their policy, I was waiting for the bad news like every other loan company i contacted gave me then i receive a credit alert that my bank account has been credited with $190,000 which i initially applied for instantly tears of joy roll out of my eyes because I never believe it will come through. Whenever you are in need of any kind of loan don't be a prey and contact the one true loan company via their information. Email: email@example.com. And receive your financial breakthrough. Just send them an email today: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received: April 7, 2018
HOW MY EX CAME BACK:firstname.lastname@example.com
Tracey Wilson Says
Am giving this testimony because am happy and I want you all to be 100% careful on who you contact online so you will never and never be scammed at all as I have held an experiences with some useless and jobless spell caster who ripped me off the total sum of $39,000.00 dollars and another one also scammed me out of the sum of just $10,000.00 while the last one I meet collected the sum of $12,000.00 dollars from me and all these happened to me because I was so desperate in getting my lover back to me and one faithful and wonderful after noon as I was surfing the net I came accross a testimony on how one Tracey Jackson got her EX back to her with the help of DR OTIS DARKO and I decided to give him a TRIAL because of all the testimony I read online about this man and at the end of it all it ended well as my ex came back to me at once and he has done all I asked of him to do for me and it did not only end up there this spell caster as did PREGNANCY SPELL for me and today am pregnant... His email address is : firstname.lastname@example.com...... YOU CAN ALSO ADD HIM UP ON WHATSAPP USING THIS MOBILE NUMBER:+2348077526136
Received: April 7, 2018
Do you know that there is a great Herbal doctor who can cure any disease? Like Cancer, HIV, HPV, syphilis, diabetes, herpes, anthrax, madness, low sperm count, pregnancy And also bring back your Lover E.t.c. Well my main reason why i am writing this right now is to inform the whole world about the great deeds, DR. OTIS DARKO did for me. My name is Rose Udinonleo, I was diagnosed of HIV in the year 2016 ever since then I was taking my medications, until I met the great spell caster, though I never believed in spell. I saw many testimonies on how he cured deadly diseases. I contacted him through his Email: email@example.com I Emailed him, he asked me to send him my information, which I did. He told me that his going to require some items in which he will use in casting a curing spell on me. I don't know where to find the items he required. He told me that the only alternative is for me to send him the money and he only demanded for just $390 dollars to get the materials and he helped me to get the itames for the herbal treatment. I promised myself to do anything to get cured. I sent him the money. He bought the items and casted a curing spell on me and also sent me a herbal portion, I used it as He instructed. 7 days later he asked me to go for check up, when I did the check up I was tested HIV Negative. I am so happy, I can not stop thanking Him, if you passing through hardship and you need a way out, kindly contact him via his email on:: email@example.com..............YOU CAN ALSO ADD HIM UP ON WHATSAPP USING THIS MOBILE NUMBER:+2348077526136
Received: April 7, 2018
Please pray that by God's grace and in Jesus name that my Lord helps my husband and I to be able to conceive another baby with each other.please pray that my Lord blesses my womb. Please pray for our 2 children and may my Lord bless us with another house in the town we want
Received: April 7, 2018
Now You Can Stop Your Break Up, Divorce or Lovers Rejection… Even If Your Situation Seems Hopeless! My husband said he no longer loved me at the end of January this year and i was hurt and heart broken i felt like my life was about to end and I almost committed suicide, I was emotionally down for a very long time. Thanks to a spell caster called Dr Otis Darko, which I meet online, on one faithful day, as I was browsing through the internet and I came across a lot of testimonies about this particular spell caster. Some people testified that he brought their Ex lover back, some testified that he restores womb, cure cancer and other sickness, some testified that he can cast a spell to stop divorce and so on. I also come across one particular testimony and it was about a woman called Tracey Hilton, she testified about how he brought back her Ex lover in less than 2 days and at the end of her testimony she dropped Dr Otis Darko mail address. After reading all these,I decided to give it a try and I contacted him via email and explained my problem to him. In just 48 hours, my husband came back to me and we solved our issues, we are even happier than before. Dr Otis Darko is really a gifted man and I will not stop testifying about him because he is a wonderful man and so powerful... If you have any problem and you are looking for solution to solve all your problems. Great Dr Otis Darko can also offer any types of help like Reuniting of marriage and relationship, Curing of all types of Diseases, Court Cases, Pregnancy Spell, Spiritual protection,winning of lottery and lot's more. you can contact him on Email: email@example.com....... YOU CAN ALSO ADD HIM UP ON WHATSAPP USING THIS MOBILE NUMBER:+2348077526136, if you have any problem contact him, I give you 100% guarantee that he will help you.

subset: commoncrawl


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I am your child's teacher. I teach 75 of the brightest and kindest students at an A public school.
Let me define what a REAL public school is. The only way you can't go to my school is if you don't live in my school district. My students are autistic and artistic. My students are proficient in English and proficient in only Spanish. If students misbehave, we cannot ask them to leave. We can only ask them to make better choices.
This year, I have approximately 130 days to prepare my students to master more than 110 grade-level expectations or topics. In education, your end-of-the-year evaluation happens 50 days BEFORE the end of the school year. What other industry performs its employees' end-of-the-year review evaluations with 25 percent of the year remaining? What other industry picks ONE day of the year to evaluate an employee's yearlong performance? If my students are sleep-deprived because their parents fought all night or went to bed without any supper, their performance on that ONE day determines my "value" as a teacher.
For the record, I am not against teacher accountability IF it is fair and reasonable.
In order to determine my value, state officials compare the growth of my students on their fourth-grade test (LEAP) to their fifth-grade test (iLEAP). The tests are structured completely differently.
Let me give an example.
If a food critic goes to a restaurant and gives a five-star rating based only on the quality of the food, and another food critic goes into the same restaurant and gives the restaurant a five-star rating based only on the service, do you really know anything about the restaurant? No, the public is misled because the stars represent different things.
The tests are the same way. On the LEAP English language arts test, the majority of the test focuses on how well a child reads, while the iLEAP English language arts test focuses mainly on how well a child performs in grammar. These tests focus on two completely different areas, yet they are compared for growth.
All I am asking for is the creation of a valid system that measures what I do in my class every day.
Laurie Richard


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1st Sep 2013 - England day trips
Kent - Home of Charles Darwin and Hever Castle and Pooh Bridge
A truly wonderful day out...
Started off from our home in West Sussex about 0930 with Mum and her friend Lyn in tow. Good progress made to Downe in Kent - our first stop. I have wanted to visit the Home of Charles Darwin - Down House for ages. I became very interested in him when I visited the Galapagos Islands and even though I am a Christian I am very interested in his ideas. It is an English heritage property so Martin and I got in free as we have membership. £10 for adults otherwise. Two hours needed - probably no more. Definitely take up the opportunity of the audio guide as one of the more interesting ones and didnt get bored or inpatient once and narrated by David Attenborough. The visual displays were informative and interesting but what I really liked was the sense you got of Charles Darwin as a man - a family man as well as his place in history writing the Origin of the Species as well as his great journey on the Beagle. He was born into money and I wonder how the world would be different if he hadnt been - it seems to me that if he hadnt had family money then he never would have been able to go on the Beagle voyage because he couldnt afford it and following that thought then he could never had seen and done the things that formed the ideas and theories he had to write the Origin of the Species. The other thing I found very interesting was that he was a strong family man - many children with the deaths of at least 3 that shook the family to the core. His wife was a very strong Christian although Charles didnt appear to be and stopped going to church after the death of one of his daughters. However it seems that the marriage between them was very very happy and strong despite very different religious views. I wonder what his wife really thought about the Origin of the Species. Anyway the house as well as the gardens are beautiful. Small teashop there and whilst we didnt partake it looked lovely.
We then drove to Hever Castle - also in Kent specifically Edenbridge. I have been here once before several years ago and loved it and have been wanting an opportunity to come back. No membership here so £15 per adult to get in to the Castle and grounds - however a great place to spend the whole day. Hever Castle is the childhood home of Anne Boelyn - wife of Henry the 8th. It seems to be a small castle - very personable and you could feel yourself living there as not as lavish as other castles. The grounds are extensive and I made everyone pay £3 for a boat ride on the lake - you can also hire row boats and canoes but nobody would join me so went for the easy option. Then went for lunch - Mum and Lyn eating their breakfast leftovers and me and Martin sharing sandwiches. The cafe and restaurant there is situated in a lovely setting - a short walk from the entrance. We walked around the Italian gardens which were laid out in 1904ish - just stunning with lots of Italian marble belonging to william Wadorf Astor- very formal. Also other gardens including the rose garden and rhododendren walk as well well as a collection of trees over a hundred years old. There is a maze made of yew trees and even better a water maze - lots of kids there having a great time. I love that water maze. Then we went into the actual Castle itself - 3 main construction periods of the castle with the first being in the 1200's. It was brought in the 1500's by the Bullen family and they added a tudor dwelling in the courtyard. I think Anne was actually anne bullen and somehow she become Anne Boelyn as did the rest of the family. Somehow it then became henry's property afetr he married Anne and eventually he gave it to one of his other wives Anne of Cleves. Astor brought it in the early 1900s and restored it. There is an amazing gallery of medieval tourtore instruments - very clever and well thought out. Also a gallery of Henry and all his wives in real life form and costume - quite interesting as a blurb on each - some of the wives looking very similar in appearance. Then we continued to wander around the grounds with a look in the shop which also has an expo of model houses and castles.
On the way back to West Sussex Lyn saw the sign for hartfield and wanted to go that way as she had lived and worked there for a while. as we were so close to pooh Bridge in 100 acre wood of the AA Milne tales we had to stop and walk down to Pooh Bridge and have a game of pooh sticks. Not good for Mum doing the long walk back up the hill but she did it.
One great day out :)
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10.12.15 Broadcast
October 27, 2015
Filed under Video
October 27, 2015
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Cheyenne LaRoque, Staff Writer
March 15, 2017 • Comments closed
Four year veteran Laguna Creek cheerleader Elizabeth Groetsema is enjoying her senior year with the team that has become her family. "Cheer...
Nicolette Scardina, Staff Writer
March 15, 2017 • Comments closed
Too Much Light Makes the Baby Go Blind is an audience-interactive production composed of many short plays written and performed by Drama Club as their community service play. Director...
May 10, 2016
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October 27, 2015
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4DMapper is an open accessible cloud platform for 3D/4D geospatial and inspection data.
Your data is automatically ingested, hosted and streamed to browsers, to overlay, visualize, manage, inspect and share.
Add external data, access cloud software and services, deliver your products to a wider audience with no software, no big hardware, no expert skills.
Level 7, 34 Charles Street
Parramatta, NSW, 2150
Phone: 0401 588 005
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Web: 4dmapper.com


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Sunday, 18 November 2012
First week's holiday ended on a very sad note-remembering Jacky Ingram
We met up again at Millington primary School 40yr celebration and she was planning on a reunion meal with old friends but it wasn't to be. We had quite a chat about our past and the time between when we had been inseparable. She was very close to her family and loved her son more than herself but then that was Jacqueline always thinking of others.We loved being out and about on our rollerboots and when we couldnt be outdoors we were scheming indoors. We produced a magazine for our community "The rectory Gazette" and were encouraged by her sister Karen. I think we had about 6 customers!!!LOL. We took turns typing on my old Imperial typewriter. She came on holiday with us and we went to the Girl's Brigade together. Jacky became a christian in those days but her life started to take a different path to mine. I left home to start nursing and she continued with her education. She became involved in Reiki and holistic healing which unfortunately did not give her any benefit in the end. My hope is that her early faith was sincere and that some day we will laugh again together. Prayers go out to her mum,son and wonderful sisters Karen and Susan.
Posted by Jayne Mcclenaghan at Sunday, November 18, 2012
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The One Year Project – Alice & Megan
01 Aug 2017
Alice and Megan co-own a Youtube Channel called 'The One Year Project'. On their channel... Read MoreRead More
Trialogue event in Drumcondra on 12th June
07 Jun 2017
Want to talk about mental health topics in North County Dublin? At Trialogue people experiencing... Read MoreRead More
Creative Juices – By Gavin
05 Nov 2016
"Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world" – Albert... Read MoreRead More
The empathy effect – by Gavin
28 Oct 2016
Gavin set up his blog www.ilovebipolar.com recently to write about his experience of Bipolar and... Read MoreRead More


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American and Swedish Fulbrighters
Fulbright grant is much more than financial support. Fulbright grantees
enjoy a number of additional benefits including assistance in the
application process to US universities, on-program support while in the
US, unique cultural benefits and access to the global Fulbright
Click next to the flag on the left for detailed information, application instructions and deadlines for each program.
Graduate Student Program:
For Swedish students with an excellent academic record who will
complete a Swedish or EU university degree prior to departure for the
U.S. and who intend to stay at least one academic year. Open for all
fields of study, except medicine (with the exception of public health
and medical research),
dentistry or veterinary medicine. *Graduate
student applications include: Master degrees, Ph.D. degrees,
non-degree, and Visiting Student Researchers.
Swedish Visiting Lecturer in Scandinavian Studies - the Fulbright-Hildeman Fellowship: One American university is selected each year to receive a Swedish visiting lecturer in the field of Scandinavian Studies. Interested applicants should contact the Swedish Fulbright Commission for details on the current program. See the Hildeman page for more details.
Graduate Student Program:
American students wishing to study at the graduate level and/or
conduct independent research in Sweden. For application information,
please contact
the Institute of
International Education (IIE).
Visiting Lecturer/Research Scholar Program: For American postdoctoral scholars wishing to lecture and/or conduct advanced research in Sweden. Grants are also available for three Fulbright Distinguished Chairs. The application deadline for Fulbright grants to Sweden is August 1, for the following academic year. For information, including the full catalogue of awards, please contact: Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES)
Inter-Country Program: Swedish universities and research centers interested in inviting U.S. Fulbright scholars already in Europe to lecture and discuss common research interests at their institutions can apply for travel funds from the Fulbright Commission to bring the scholar to Sweden. Requests can be submitted for American Fulbright lecturers/researchers in Europe. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis through April 30.
Program: Short
term grant opportunities (14-42 days) for American faculty and
professionals to collaborate with Swedish institutions on curriculum
and faculty development, institutional planning and a variety of other
activities. For application information, please contact the Swedish
Fulbright Commission.
Fulbright NEXUS Regional Scholars Program: A global Fulbright program that brings together leading research scholars and professionals to conduct multi-disciplinary research on a theme of global significance. For more information on the program, please see the CIES website.
The Fulbright-Schuman Program: Administered by the Belgium/Luxembourg Fulbright Commission, the program provides approximately 13 grants to citizens of Member States of the European Union for study, research or lecturing on European Union affairs, European integration, US-EU relations, and international education administration. These grants are awarded for a minimum period of three (3) months, with a maximum period of ten (10) months. For more information on the program and application, please see the PDF.


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Came across a rather new concept for me today- Harm minimisation. It's an approach used in working with individuals who self harm. It recognises that life can sometimes be too unbearable for some and self harming may be the only way to cope perhaps for the time being. So, although it doesn't encourage the act itself, it educates individuals on how to self harm safely. For instance, using a sterile blade to cut instead of a dirty one to prevent infection or cutting lengthwise instead of across to reduce the risk of severing tendons. This approach is also used in other areas in public health such as drug use, safe sex and prostitution. It makes sense in a way but I am not sure if it's a long term solution (or that it's meant to be one) as I feel that there are definitely underlying issues to be explored if self harming is elected as a coping mechanism.
I think this quote explains this concept very well:
"Habit is habit and not to be flung out of the window by any man but coaxed downstairs one step at a time" Mark Twain (Pudd'nhead Wilson's Calendar, chapter 6), cited an article by Marlatt, Somers and Tapert (1993) on Harm Reduction: Application to Alcohol Abuse Problems.
If you would like more information you can go to this website: Self harm.co.uk or HarmLESS Psychotherapy
Marlatt, G.A., Somers, J.M., Tapert, S.F. (1993) Harm Reduction: Application to alcohol abuse problems. NIDA research monograph. 147- 166
Naranjo, M. (2012) Webinar on Self-harming Behaviours. Online Events. 23rd August 2012


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Tegus Forum
Click Here To Register and Become A Member Of The RepticZone Family
Back to Tegus Forum Forums Home Members Area
View Profile
Looking for Tegu Breeder
Hey everyone,
I have been looking for a baby Tegu for the last 2 years or so and haven't been able to find any and when I did they were all adults. I live in CND so A LOT of the reptiles we get from pet stores are w/c and I hate that so I am looking for a Tegu breeder in the U.S or somewhere that would consider exporting to Canada. If you know of anyone or breed them yourself please contact me by PM. I would like to see pictures of the parents and like a listed price as well plus shipping. I heard tegu's aren't really seasonal till July or August but just thought I would check anyways. Also I would REALLY prefer a Black and White Tegu or a Red Tegu but I am open to what you have to offer.
|04/06/12 06:45pm


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Witticisms, Musings and Ventures into Obscurity
The General Letter History
The following is a piece written by my long time Road Dawg, and fellow Naptown Nomad, Iceman. It details the meager beginnings of the Gen-Let. Brilliant writing, me thinks. This little snippet of history gives one the gist of the General Letters creation. But I think a little more description is in order. I started the letter to prevent myself the pains associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Writing to some 30 people tends to aggravate my arthritis. As time progressed It evolved into an almost professional little newsletter. That is, of course, since I began producing it via the computer. People told me they enjoyed the Gen-Let, so I continued to write it. Unfortunately the letter was discontinued so I could work on this site.
Welcome to the Official-Unofficial General Letter Homepage. For those of you who don't know us (don't worry--we know who you are) here is a brief history outlining the origins of the now infamous General Letter. It all began in a dark cave with two pieces of flint and a pile of dry twigs. Out of the smoldering ashes arose an idea eons before its time. The names have been changed to protect the innocent and shield the guilty from certain and swift punishment.
On a cold, dark winter morning long ago, Mog (pronounced Mog), growing weary of the bitter mid-western climate, decided to venture out into the world in search of fire. Leaving his friends and family behind, Mog traveled west beyond the great river to a strange and wondrous land now known as California. Having discovered fire, Mog was eager to share its mysteries with his friends and family. He did so using smoke signals. Mog's loved ones enjoyed receiving these messages, but rarely would they return his correspondence. Disgusted at this as well as with the rising costs and time factors associated with sending everyone his/her own smoke signal, Mog decided to send out one big general smoke signal for all to enjoy. Thanks to recent advances in communications technology, the general smoke signal soon evolved into the General Letter.
Having since returned to the land of his birth, Mog (having evolved considerably himself) continues the tradition of the General Letter, the musings inside of which are sometimes so cryptic that sometimes we don't even comprehend it's portent. You may have trouble comprehending these writings as much of the content revolves around the everyday antics of Mog and his closest friends. If this is the case, all we can do is apologize. It is, however, your own fault for not being our friend. They are nonetheless amusing.
Tell All Your FaceBook Peeps
[ Back ]
Tell All Your Facebook Peeps.
Now Share Us On Google Plus


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Meet Registered Art Therapist Eden Flora, BFA, MPS, ART who leads an art therapy group at the American Addiction Center's Oxford Treatment Center inpatient facility in Mississippi. She became interested in art therapy because she always found art healing personally and wanted to help other people feel the same. Flora says she has three goals for every group she teaches:
- Facilitate therapeutic art making
- Exercise self-awareness skills
- Develop introspection
What does each session look like? An art therapy group isn't just about completing an art project. As Flora explains to her group, "our goal is not to make something beautiful but to connect with ourselves." Flora begins her group with a mindfulness exercise to get participants into the right mood.
Each project is specifically chosen to meet the needs of the population of the group. Participants use a variety of materials and mediums—paint, collage, colored pencils, and sometimes clay. Choosing the material for projects is also important. For example, if participants tend to be impulsive, Flora may choose colored pencils instead of markers because colored pencils require people to slow down and consider the process more.
For a recent project, participants created greeting cards to represent a non-material gift they would like to give themselves. Participants were also encouraged to write a note on the inside to themselves about the gift and why they deserved it.
The group ends with the opportunity for participants to share what they created and why.


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IKEA museum
IKEA museum
2016Download Press Kit
Seventy odd years ago, IKEA was established to cater for people's need in the deep forests of the Swedish south. Now one of the worlds largest furniture retailers, IKEA invites the public to experience what it takes to cater for humanity, including driving forces and lesson learned, inside the very first of its kind—the IKEA museum.
With more than five years experience, in close collaboration with IKEA, designing products including the JANINGE chair, design studio Form Us With Love was invited to design three parts of the museum; the Introductory Hall, the Democratic Design Gallery and the Interactive Ball Room.
Perhaps mostly recognised for his love of essentials, the founder of IKEA, Ingvar Kamprad, wisely decided to focus his business on affordable needs for everyone's home. Today, IKEA remains largely unchanged. With an ambition to set the scene as a somewhat intuitive beginning, Form Us With Love and the project team set out to build the Introductory Hall as a manifestation of IKEA's values—a flat pack journey installed on two sheltering walls. Effectively, a line up of artistically displayed items from the complete IKEA range, leading the visitor into the main exhibition.
'We felt that the first room of the museum should project what IKEA is all about, without feeling daunting. It should be powerful and inspirational, a mix of well known essential objects and elements of surprise. The aim is an intuitively strong and tactile experience,' says John Löfgren, Co-founder and creative director at Form Us With Love.
Three floors up, in the Democratic Design gallery you are invited behind the scene, getting a fair sneak peek into what's ahead. From first brief to final product, the public is given a chance to explore the formula behind IKEA—in the present, but more importantly in the sustained future. This installation by Form Us With Love, is all about opening up and unveiling previously untold stories about design, product development and quality control, all in place to meet the needs for the next generation.
'As designers collaborating with IKEA, we felt that this was a great opportunity to invite the public into our world. A 'work in progress' atmosphere, where you can touch and feel the various materials that IKEA products are, and will be made from in the future. We wanted to make the gallery a platform to understand the "why" behind the design decisions made,' says Jonas Pettersson, co-founder and CEO of Form Us With Love.
On the top floor of the museum an interactive sculpture is to be found. A large scale pipe construction, designed by Form Us With Love, vertically descends through the atrium, all the way to the ground floor. Inspired by marble runs, the installation allows young (and grown up) visitors to drop and follow the journey of a classic IKEA ball from the mandatory kids play room featured at all IKEA stores.
'We believe IKEA's attention to the youngest generation is worth embodying in the museum, that is why we proposed a playful installation running through the building, mirroring what we as designers experience as true and progressive IKEA DNA,' John Löfgren concludes.


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The impact of blog on consumer decision making from the perspective of word of mouth
Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. You can view samples of our professional work here.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays.
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 The Background of Research
Along with the advent of internet, consumers are surrounded by the inflow of information from internet. On the one hand, consumers can facilitate the ability to make a better consumer decision from the information of internet. On the other hand, the considerable information can further make consumers not evaluate the quality of the information. Blog, as the aspect of the implication of internet, becomes the increasingly significant source of word of mouth on online. Referring to the question of why and how word of mouth from blog can influence consumer decision making, from the perspective of literature review, word of mouth from blog can have the positive influence on every stages of consumer decision making including need cognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision and post purchase behavior. This dissertation will further evaluate this question through the survey in China.
1.2 The Meanings of Research
This dissertation will attach increasing importance to the relationship between word of mouth from blog and consumer decision making. Word of mouth from blog is considered as the most influential interpersonal communication for information sharing and exchange. In terms of previous experienced scholars' research,such as Bloch et al. (1986), Richins and Root-Shaffer (1988), and Blackwell et al. (2001), word of mouth can be regarded as the increasingly important source for consumers to make a felicitous decision. Furthermore, based on the communication platform of blog, word of mouth exerts considerable influence to make consumers recognize the credible information of word of mouth from blog. However, most papers inclined to make comparison between the platform of blog and others platform of corporate web blog, newspaper, and TV. The Nature of the relationship between word of mouth from blog and consumer decision making is not given within the proper situation.
This dissertation will further focus on the impact of word of mouth from blog on consumer decision making. From the research of this dissertation, word of mouth from blog cannot give the same positive influence on the five stages of consumer decision making. According to the understanding of the relationship, it may make the marketing practitioner and managers pay attention to the application of word of mouth from blog on the stages of consumer decision making. Furthermore, it is important that prosing and solving the problems of the reasons for why word of mouth from blog exerts the negative influence on need cognition and information search in China marketplace.
1.3 The Aim and Objectives of This Dissertation
The main purpose of this dissertation is to explore and evaluate the relationship between word of mouth from blog and consumer decision making through conducting the survey in China marketplace. Furthermore,
Simultaneously, there are some objectives of this dissertation as follows.
- To interpret the question of how word of mouth from blog influence consumers in China to make a better decision from the perspective of the stages of consumer decision-making process.
- To evaluate the Chinese consumer attitudes toward the impact of word of mouth from blog on consumer decision making.
1.4 The Structure of This Dissertation
This part will explain the structure of this dissertation with the arrangement of table of contents. Firstly, the part of literature review of this dissertation will give some explanations of the relevant theories or items including word of mouth, the definition and situation of word of mouth, the causes and motives for word of mouth activities, blog, consumer decision making, the process of consumer decision making, reference groups, and word of mouth from blog and consumer decision making. Subsequently, the section of research methodology will contain research question and objectives, the justification of research method, research process, method design including research framework, survey questionnaire and data collection, research environment and sampling design and data analysis and validity and reliability, and limitation. Then, the section of data analysis and discussion will offer some items including the general information of this survey, and descriptive statistic and data analysis. Finally, the conclusion of this dissertation will be given.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
This section will explain and critically evaluate some theories on the relevant topics, such as word-of-mouth, blog, online word of mouth, reference group and consumer decision making. Referring to word of mouth, this part will be relevant to the definition of word of mouth and the causes for word of mouth activities. Subsequently, the relevance of blog and consumer decision making will be covered. Furthermore, connecting these topics in the given circumstance will better interpret the question relating to the impact of blog on brand image and consumers' decision-making from the perspective of academic environment.
2.2 Word of Mouth
Word of mouth is derived from the interpersonal communication for information exchange. Based on the merits of word of mouth communication (the close relationship between the decision makers and the communicators), word of mouth communication becomes the most influential source for the consumers to make a better purchase decision (Bloch et al. 1986; Feick and Price 1987; Richins and Root-Shaffer 1988). Understanding the meanings and nature of word of mouth is essential for further grasping the influence of blog on consumer purchase decision.
2.2.1 The Definition and Situation of Word of Mouth
Word of mouth (WOM) is primarily considered as an important channel of communication wildly used by people (Alreck and Settle 1995; Blackshaw 2006; Bickart and Schindler 2001). In terms of Blackwell et al. (2001 p.404), word of mouth is defined as the exchange of information, comments, opinions and ideas among people (not including marketers, retailers, manufacturers, advertisers and so on) in private. This definition emphasizes on two focuses. Firstly, during the process of word of mouth communication, the receivers and the transmitters (senders) of information are just composed of consumers yet marketers from the aspect of marketing. Secondly, word of mouth is conducted in private or in informal conversation or transformation. Westbrook (1987, p. 261) argued that the nature of word of mouth communications is an informal communication supplying other decision makers with the information on usage, merits of products and services. Compared with these two definitions, there are two apparent differences between these two definitions. Firstly, the communicators from the aspect of Blackwell's definition concentrate on the non-commercial communicators, but the definition of Westbrook do not focus on the communicators of recommendation sources. Secondly, Blackwell and his partners considered the communication as the two-ways exchange of information. Westbrook attaches less attention to the two-ways exchange, and inclines to view word of mouth communication as the suppliers of the relevant information. The common focus from these two definitions is that word of mouth communication is considered as the informal communication. From the perspective of this dissertation, word of mouth not only focuses on the sharing and exchange of relevant information, but also pays attention to the two-ways communication yet single way.
During the process of communication, Fill (1999 p.5) argued that both senders and receivers could obtain benefits from word of mouth communication. The content and information involved in the communication process of word of mouth concentrate on some aspects, such as status, performance and experience and so on (Blackwell et al. 2001). From the perspective of empirical research on word of mouth, Katz and Lazarsfeld (1955 p.93) demonstrated that word of mouth became a significant information source of the information for making purchase decision of certain household and food products. During the process of gathering information on household and food products, word of mouth is considered as the most credible source more effective than other sources, such as newspaper, magazines, advertising and marketers' sources. Moreover, Engel et al. (1969) argued that approximately 60 percent of the respondents considered that word of mouth was the most influential source. Consumers are more likely to appreciate the interpersonal communications to make a better purchase decision, especially in the service circumstance (Murray 1991; Zeithaml et al. 1993).
According to Harris Interactive Survey, interpreting word of mouth practice and usage can further comprehend consumer attitudes toward various word of mouth communications and the differences of different word of mouth communications. As Table 1 mentioned, recommendable information derived from colleagues, peers, family, friends, online newspaper, online magazines, blog, online community, and video website and satellite radio accounts for most part of recommendation sources on word of mouth. According to the fact that whether the recommendation source online, these detailed sources can be classified as two catalogs including recommendation source offline (e.g., friend, peers) and recommendation source online (e.g., newspaper online, magazines online, blog). However, this dimension of recommendation source cannot further indicate the closeness of the relationship between the receivers of sources and the advisers of sources. In terms of the closeness of the relationship between the receivers and the advisers of recommendation sources, these sources are conveniently categorized under two dimensions consisting of the strong-tie sources (e.g., friends, colleagues, family) and the weak-tie sources (e.g., blog, radio, newspaper online) (Duhan et al, 1997). In most situations, the strong-tie sources become the most credible sources for consumers needing information on the lack of knowledge and advice of products and services. Nevertheless, Brown and Reingen (1987) indicated that the weak-tie sources might contain some credible and better information from experts without the limitations of the social circle of the decision makers. Here are to some extent no better recommendation sources (the strong-tie sources and the weak-tie sources) for the decision makers.
Table 2.1: New Media Usage
Please Indicate How Frequently You Perform the Following Activities
Percent "Very Frequently" or "Frequently"
Forward information found on the internet to colleagues, peers, family, or friends
Read newspaper online
Read magazines online
Read a blog
Listen to radio feeds via the internet
Participate in an online community, such as myspace.com or friendster.com
Use PVR technology, such a TiVo or DVR
View or post videos on a website, such as youtube.com
Listen to satellite radio
Create or participate in a blog
Subscribe to a podcast
Create a podcast
Source: Harris Interactive Annual RQSM. Base= 6, 205 U.S. adults (18+) familiar with one or more of the 10 "most visible" U.S. companies. p.7.
Furthermore, the survey on credible information source from Table 2.3 shows word of mouth becomes the second most influential source. The first credible source is own personal experience. Another important source is opinions of the company's employees.
Table 2. 2: Credible Information Source
Information Source
My Perceptions are Influenced to a Positive Extent by This Source
This is a Very Credible Source
Advertising for the company
Company public relations activities
My own personal experience with the company
Opinions of the company's employees
Media stories about the company
Source: Harris Interactive Annual RQSM. Online survey conducted September 21-October 23, 2006. Base = 6,205 U.S. adults who rated the top 10 companies. p.4.
However, confronted with the lack of the relevant knowledge on products and services, the consumers readily making purchase decision incline to gather the relevant information from friends, colleagues, and family in terms of Table 1. Newspaper online becomes the second important source for the decision makers needing information. One of the most significant reasons for why newspaper online become the second important recommendation source is because consumers will find information processed by the exporters on newspaper online. According to Keller and Berry (2006), the conducted research argued that most word of mouth conversations were conducted with face to face and phone yet online. Face to face and phone word of mouth conversations account for the majority of word of mouth (90%). Furthermore, less than 10% of word of mouth conversations are conducted with online, blog, chat room, and other online channels. According to the survey of Jupiter Communications (1999), 57% of people visited web sites to view the other people's recommendations.
Faced these research, however, online channels, such as blog, websites, are the important part of word of mouth. There is no denying the fact that along with the advent of internet and advanced communication technologies, electronic word of mouth makes the credible and valuable information is available for consumers. Understanding the nature of word of mouth thoroughly can further interpret the influence of word of mouth from blog. The following will explain the causes and motives for word of mouth activities.
2.2.2 The Causes and Motives for Word of Mouth Activities
Referring to the cause resulting in word of mouth activities, this can better understand the nature of word of mouth communication and the influence of word of mouth. This section will interpret the causes of word of mouth from the previous research.
When discussing the topic of the motives for word of mouth communication, there are many antecedents and motives to interpret the question for why word of mouth communication can take place. Chatterjee (2001) argued that research offering much evidence and empirical research demonstrated that customers meeting their needs would share their experience with other customers. Simultaneously, dissatisfied consumers may tell others failed experience as much as possible. However, the significant factor for completing the word of mouth communication between consumers is that word of mouth communication to some extent can further reduce the risk of purchasing and finance and others. Word of mouth, as an important recommendation resource, can further reduce the amount of information readily processed by consumers to make a proper decision (Olshavsky and Granbois, 1979).
In terms of Hennig-Thurau et al. (2004), Table 2.2 concluded the important motives for word of mouth communication behavior identified in the literature. Dichter (1966) proposed four dominated motives including product involvement, self-involvement, other involvement and message involvement to motivate consumers to implement the positive word of mouth communication. These four factors emphasize on the positive word of mouth communication and give more detailed information on the development of these factors. Based on the work of Engel, Blackwell and Miniard (1993 p.84), dissonance reduction was added to the four motives of Dichter et al.(1998) further attached importance to altruism, vengeance and advice seeking. Furthermore, altruism may make most consumers be involved in negative word of mouth communication.
Table 2. 3: Motives for Word of Mouth Communication Behavior Identified
Dichter (1966)
a customer feels so strongly about the product that a pressure builds up in wanting to do something about it; recommending the product to others reduces the tension caused by the consumption experience
The product serves as a means through which the speaker can gratify certain emotional needs
word of mouth activity addresses the need to give something to the receiver
refers to discussion which is stimulated by advertisements, commercials, or public relations
Engel, Blackwell, & Miniard (1993)
level of interest or involvement in the topic under consideration serves to stimulate discussion
Recommendations allow person to gain attention, show connoisseurship, suggest status, give the impression of possessing inside information, and assert superiority
Concern for others
a genuine desire to help a friend or relative make a better purchase decision
Message intrigue
Entertainment resulting from talking about certain ads or selling appeals
Dissonance reduction
Reduces cognitive dissonance (doubts) following a major purchase decision
Sundaram, Mitra, & Wbster (1998)
Altruism (positive WOM)
the act of doing something for others without anticipating any reward in retuen
Product involvement
Personal interest in the product, excitement resulting from product ownership and product use
Enhancing images among other consumers by projecting themselves as intelligent shoppers
Helping the company
Desire to help the company
Altruism (negative WOM)
Easing anger, anxiety, and frustration
To retaliate against the company associated with a negative consumption experience
Advice seeking
obtaining advice on how to resolve problems
Source: Motives for Word of Mouth Communication Behavior Identified in the Literature, from Electronic Word of Mouth via Consumer-Opinion Platforms: What Motivates Consumers to Articulate Themselves on the Internet? Hennig-Thurau et al. (2004). p.41.
In terms of Mittal et al. (1999), Oliver (1980) and Swan and Oliver (1989), word of mouth is merely considered as the behavioral consequences of some aspects including satisfaction, perceived value, and commitment. Mazzarol et al. (2007, p. 1478), however, argued that little research would emphasize on the antecedents of word of mouth fully. Recognizing the antecedents of word of mouth communication is to a great extent essential for better the meaning of the word of mouth communication in the marketing context.
In terms of Matos and Rossi (2008), their work paid attention to the antecedents and moderators of word of mouth activity and developed the conceptual framework of the antecedents and moderators of word of mouth activity. Some antecedents, such as satisfaction, loyalty, quality, commitment, trust and perceived value, can motivate consumers to implement word of mouth. During the process of consumer decision making, consumers exposed to word of mouth on blog will focus on some communicators' aspects including the previous antecedents. In most situation, consumers not only attach importance to the recommendation information on the products and service, but also obverse the communicators' attitudes, satisfaction and others.
Along with the widespread implementation of internet and telecommunications technologies and the improvement of business environment, electronic word of mouth has been viewed as one of the most important sources of information referring to the companies and their products and services. Blog, as the application of internet innovation, has exert its significant influence to make most consumers express their feeling, attitudes, features on particular products and services and gather and share information effectively.
2.3 Blog
Blog offers the significant opportunity for most consumers. In terms of Wright (2006), blog is defined as a web page consisting of posted inlays arranged in chronological order. These inlays may refer to information on dairy, felling, and others covering anything people experienced in the everyday life. Text, photographs, video and audio files are the most common elements of blog (Korica et al. 2006). The blog initially launched by personal interesting and preference accounts for most part of the blog on the internet. Moreover, the important cause for the rapid development of blog is based on the need of the interaction between the readers and the writers. Understanding the situation of Blog development can further grasp the consumer attitude toward blog and the meanings of the blogs.
In terms of Technorati (2006), since October 2006, there were 57 million blogs on the internet. Furthermore, after 2005, most internet users emphasize on the blogs available for most users to express and share information, experience and others. As Figure 3.1 mentioned, during the period between March 2005 and March 2007, newly creating weblogs has experienced the most rapidly significant development. In March 2007, the volume of total weblogs increased to above 72,000,000. According to the data of Technorati (2007), the growth of the weblogs kept the increasing of 120k newly creating blogs every day.
Source: The Volume of Weblogs Cumulative: May 2003 - March 2007, from Technorati, The State of the Live Web.
In terms of Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3, in the top 100 MSM and Blogs, there are only 18 blogs accounting for 18 % of the top 100 most popular sites. MSM (mainstream media) still dominate the formation of mass media on the internet. Nevertheless, according to the analysis of Technorati, during Q3 2006, there were 12 blogs in this top popular sites list.
Source: The Comparison between top 50 MSM and Blogs, from Technorati, The State of the Live Web.
Source: The Comparison between 21-100 MSM and Blogs, from Technorati, The State of the Live Web.
2.4 Consumer Decision Making
In the context of marketing, consumer decision models represent the choice process in the particular form (Dala and Klein, 1988; Papatla and Krishnamurthi, 1992; West et al. 1997). Consumer decision making theory has been developed within the disciplines including psychology, marketing, and consumer and organizational behavior. According to the different purpose and perspectives, there are three main decision making theories consisting of normative consumer decision making theory, behavior consumer decision making theory and naturalistic consumer decision making theory. The simple explanation and introduction of these three consumer decision making theories will be given as follows.
Normative decision making theory is derived from economic discipline (Beach, 1997 p.43). The nature of normative decision theory is to make decision for obtaining maximum utility (Fischoff et al. 1983; Beach and Mitchell 1998, p. 4). The hypothesis of normative decision making theory is based on the rational decision maker. The foundation of behavior decision making theory is to remove the assumptions of normative decision theory. Within the influence of consumer behavior, behavior decision making theory emphasizes on some aspects, such as the adaptation of decision makers (Luce et al. 1999; Payne et al. 1988), the close correlation between consumers' preference and person (Bettman and Park 1980; Coupey et al. 1998), context (Huber and Klein 1991; Tversky and Simonson 1993)and task-specific factors (Pieters et al. 1997; Svenson et al. 1990; Swait and Adamowicz 2001). Naturalistic decision making theory is involved in organizational behavior. Based on observing consumer decision behavior in natural environment, naturalistic decision making theory needs consumers making decision to considering the changing situation, information and learning and so on (Orasanu and Connolly 1993p. 57).
2.4.1 The Process of Consumer Decision Making
Referring to the process of consumer decision making, many researchers will agree with the five steps of consumer decision making process. These steps abound with need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision and post purchase behavior. Figure 2.4 shows a general description on the process of consumer decision making.
Source: Consumer Decision Making Process, from Laudon and Traver (2007 p.172),
Need Recognition
The first step of consumer decision making is need recognition. The meaning of need recognition is that consumers begin to recognize their actual need beyond the desired need. Recognizing the desired need truly is so important for consumers to take action for the next step. Furthermore, the actual need in this context is defined as the need consumers have abilities to meet. Since Statt (1997 p.13) demonstrated that the gap between the actual need and the desired need may influence the consumer behavior. In other words, to some extent, the higher degree of the gap between the actual need and the desired need can weaken the consumers' motivation for purchasing and the relevant behavior. Along with the changes of personal lifestyle and the surroundings, these factors will further affect the actual needs (Blackwell et al. 2001 p. 9).
Information Search
After the step of need recognition, information search can supply the relevant information for the others step. Information search is divided into two aspects including internal search (Wells and Prensky 1996 p.62; Statt 1997; Blackwell et al. 2001) and external search (Blackwell et al. 2001).
Internal search is based on consumer own purchase experience, and products and service knowledge from the post experience and learning (Wells and Prensky 1996). Faced with the need of new products and service, most consumers will recognize and understand these new products and service from the aspect of the comparison between the information on new products and service and their own experience and knowledge. When not processing and recognizing these new products and service, external search will be implemented and may play a significant role in the step of information search. According to Blackwell et al. (2001), when consumers do not understand the knowledge and information for making a better decision, external search will be conducted from the wider sphere. The sources of external search contain peers, families and friends, mass media, word of mouth and internet and so on. In this dissertation, it will mainly emphasize on blog considered as the source of external search.
Alternative Evaluation
Based on the understanding of information and knowledge on products and service, then consumers will narrow and evaluate their choices. Alternative evaluation often refers to personal preference and the criteria viewed as the most important elements. From the perspective of the most important criteria evaluating the choices and alternatives, the ultimate choices of various consumers will differentiate from one person to another. For this reason for the differences of the choices between consumers, this step will not be covered in this scope of this dissertation.
Purchase Decision
According to Blackwell et al. (2001), purchase decision not only covers the question whether to purchase or not, but also refers to some aspects consist of when, where, and how to purchase. In this aspects, Statt (1997) argued that the decision of how and where to purchase to a great extent affect the consumer purchase decision. Furthermore, the environment surrounding consumers including other consumers, government, policy and law, mass media and others can influence purchase decision. Environment protecting policy, for example, can make consumers reduce the volume of the purchase of the products and service polluting the environment.
Furthermore, in terms of Kotler et al. (2005), during the process between the purchase intention and the purchase decision, some factors will make consumers change the decision. Before interpreting the meaning of the previous, understanding the purchase intention is essential.
Purchase intention can be defined as a personal action is an individual's conscious to purchase products and service and a brand (Spears and Singh 2004; Bagozzi et al. 1979; Ostrom 1969). From the aspect of the motivation, Eagly and Chaiken (1993 p.163) defined purchase intention as the personal motivation to make an effort to employ a behavior. Purchase intention often is relating to the topic of attitude. From the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), consumers' attitudes can be considered as the determinant element of intention to carry out a behavior. Moreover, purchase intention to some extent can predict the purchase behavior (Fishbein and Ajzen 1975; Chen et al. 2008).
From the changes from the purchase intention to purchase decision, attitudes may play an important role in this transformation. Furthermore, in this dissertation, consumer attitudes toward the products and service involved in the word of mouth communication will be covered and processed. The post satisfied purchase experience will increase the confidence of purchase decision. Labarbera and Mazursky (1983) demonstrated that purchase intention was straight affected by consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, satisfaction influences the forming of the purchase intention more than the quality of products and service (Cronin and Taylor 1994). The satisfaction of the post experience on word of mouth communication will play an important role in the process of purchase decision and the choosing of the source of external information search.
Post Purchase Behavior
Post purchase behavior refers to the experience and knowledge on products and service from the post own experience and other consumers. When needing to make a better decision, consumers will use the post experience and knowledge to serve this decision making process. In terms of Statt (1997) and Blackwell et al. (2001), when consumers' expectations are met, this positive experience will increase the volume of purchase and create positive word of mouth. In this dissertation, the focuses of post purchase behavior consist of the satisfaction of the word of mouth communication (blog), and the degree of trusting the information in the process of word of mouth (blog) and the question for whether to create word of mouth after purchasing.
2.4.2 Reference Groups
In the process of consumer decision making, reference group becomes one of the most important influential sources (Blackwell et al. 2001). Reference group is defined as an individual makes comparison with others or a group in the process of decision making (Blackwell et al. 2001; Antonides and van Raaij 1998 p.550). Along with the changes of the situations and different individual, the reference group will be changed and differentiate from one person to another (Wells and Prensky 1996). The status - the positive a individual within the given group can determine the influence of the reference group (Assael 1992 p. ). In other words, higher status will give more influence on the consumers' motivation. Virtual reference group will cover more persons than the traditional offline reference group. People on online will be more honest than people on the offline communication. The information involved in the online communication
In this dissertation, the survey of reference group refers to the influence of the reference group on blogs.
2.4.3 Online Word of Mouth and Consumer Decision Making
Blog, as the aspect of electronic word of mouth, also has the unique features of online word of mouth communication. Discussing the previous literature on the research of online word of mouth can further understand the impact of blog on consumer decision making. Bickart and Schindler (2001) argued that the word of mouth in online forums was considered as the more credible source from investigating the response of the students browsing the specific products on corporate web pages and online forums. Consumers inclined to trust the information on blog rather than corporate web pages. Furthermore, Bichart and Schindler (2005) conducted another survey on the consumer use of online word of mouth. The consumer use of online word of mouth is determined by the three motivations including gaining information and knowledge, obtaining support for making a better decision and get fun from searching information.
In the step of information search in the process of consumer decision making, consumers can gather and process information and knowledge from online word of mouth for decision making. During the process of gathering information on online word of mouth, the negative experience and information on the specific products and service are attached more importance to by most consumers. The significant role of positive word of mouth in service sector is well recognized by most researchers (George and Berry 1981; Hartline and Jones, 1996; Zeithaml et al. 1993). Positive word of mouth can make consumers recognize its influence on decision making. However, when a failure service or the unfavorable performance of the specific products takes place, consumers inclined to spread and express the negative word of mouth (Blodgett et al. 1993; Seiders and Berry 1998).
Furthermore, the use of online word of mouth can affect the every stage of consumer decision making (Bickart andSchindler 2001). In the stage of need recognition, when some consumers will mention some specific products and service with the positive word of mouth, other consumers reviewing this information will form the positive brand image or others to create new needs on these specific products and service. Alternative evaluation often refers to choose the most important criteria from the aspect of personal view. In some situation, the most significant criteria of the specific products and service will be neglected and not recognize by consumers. From the perspective of online word of mouth communication, consumers will well recognize the criteria neglected previously. In other words, dominated attributes on online word of mouth not concerned with by consumers may play an important role in the effective and performance of alternative evaluation. Online word of mouth will supply these criteria and attributes to facilitate the process of alternative evaluation. According to Statt (1997), online word of mouth information on purchase decision focuses on how and where to buy. Online word of mouth communication eliminating the barrier of geography can provide more information on products and service from the wider rang.
The previous mentions that consumers inclined to express the negative word of mouth. The blog was viewed as the platform to express and spread the dissatisfaction and complainants on the specific products, service and firms. Moreover, the information on these dissatisfaction and complainants will make other consumers be careful with these products, service and firms. Constant et al. (1997) argued that weak-tie sources, such as mass media, blog, online newspaper, can make most consumers difficultly evaluate the word of mouth information. However, Duhan et al. (1997) proposed that weak-tie resource will provide some experts suggestions and the true information. There is no denying the fact that consumers will learn the new knowledge and gather the new information from online word of mouth.
2.5 Summary
This section will give the detailed explanation of the relevant theories on word of mouth, blog and consumer decision making. From the perspective of literature, word of mouth from blog can influence each stages of consumer decision making.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Proper research method will facilitate the validity of research and improve the performance of the dissertation. This section will propose the proper research method and clarify the research questions and research process. The aim and objectives of research method will be given in the context of this dissertation. Narrowing and choosing the proper sampling for the implementation of survey and questionnaire will further interpret the meanings of the impact of blog.
3.2 Research Question and Objectives
The question of this dissertation is based on the impact of blog on consumer decision making from the perspective of word of mouth. The questions of why and how blog influences consumer decision making will be fully understood and interpreted in this dissertation.
Simultaneously, the following objectives will be understood thoroughly.
- To interpret the question of how word of mouth from blog influence consumers to make a better decision from the perspective of the stages of consumer decision-making process.
- To evaluate the Chinese consumers' attitudes toward word of mouth from blog.
This two research objectives are closer with each other. Firstly, the question of how word of mouth from blog influence consumers to make a better decision makes this survey divided into five main dimensions covering every stages of consumer decision making. This implementation will give the survey of assessing consumer attitudes more detailed information. Secondly, the survey of evaluating consumer attitudes toward word of mouth from blog can help this dissertation understand the influence of word of mouth from blog on every stage of consumer decision making.
3.3 The Justification of Research Method
In terms of Bartunek and Seo (2002), method designed and implemented by researchers may influence the explanation and meanings of the phenomenon and the further findings of the same phenomena. In most situations, research methodology is divided into two categories including qualitative research method and quantitative research method. Orlikowsky and Baroudi (1991) argued that when faced with a quantifiable measure of variables, a quantitative research methodology would be a better method. Furthermore, Sutton and Rafaeli (1988) suggested that quantitative research methodology improves the ability of explanations and makes researchers obtain new findings on the same situation. Qualitative research method is appropriate for the situation on society in nature and non-quantification (Sutton and Rafaeli 1988; Saunders et al. 2003). Quantitative method has some merits, such as higher validity, easy to conduct. It becomes the dominated influential method in the field of social science (Bryman, 2004). Survey often is regarded as the main method of quantitative research.
From research experience of the previous researchers, survey becomes the most significant method for the study of word of mouth (Godes and Mayzlin, 2004). Some researcher, such as Brown and Reingen (1987), Richins (1983), and Reingen and Kernan (1986), conducted the proper survey to assess and evaluate the particular hypothesis. This purpose of this survey is to evaluate the Chinese consumers' attitudes toward word of mouth from blog. Based on the data on the Chinese consumers' attitudes toward word of mouth from blog, the five dimensions including the impact of blog on need recognition, the impact of blog on information search, the impact of blog on alternative evaluation, the impact of blog on purchase decision and the impact of blog on post purchase behavior will be interpreted and understood completely.
3.4 Research Process
This part will propose the proper research process. The following figure will show the research process of this dissertation.
3.5 Method Design
Designing method will refer to the detailed from survey question design to data analysis. This sector will cover research framework, survey questionnaire and data collection, research environment and sampling, data analysis, and validity and reliability.
3.5.1 Research Framework
This dissertation aims at the exploration of the impact of blog on consumer decision making. As the previous mentioned, word of mouth from blog may influence the every stage of consumer decision making process. The survey will cover each stage of consumer decision making process under the influence of blog.
3.5.2 Survey Questionnaire and Data Collection
In most situations, when performing quantitative research method for a specific research, the method of data collection will be so important for the validity and reliability of the research. The methods of gathering the first hand data from the sample or interviewees consist of three main method including experimental method, observation method and survey method. In these three methods, survey method will appropriate in the situation of evaluating interviewees' behavior, perception, attitude, motivation (Malhotra 2002 p.74).
Furthermore, the survey questionnaire will be arranged by Likert Scale. In terms of Likert (1932 p.3) proposed an accumulated scale for evaluating the survey respondents' attitudes, opinions, psychic and mental dispositions and preference. Furthermore, according to Waddington (2000) and Diener et al. (1985), Likert Scale is a better strategy to cope with the assessment of the attitudes and feeling of interviewees in the field of business administration.
In Likert Scale questionnaire, NO. 1 in the left side of scale indicates the "powerful disagree" of the respondents, and the NO. 7 in the right side of scale indicates the "powerful agree" of the respondents. For example, the sample will show as follow.
Consumers in China will view the word of mouth from blog as the recommendation resource of gathering information on products and service.
"Powerful Disagree" "Powerful Agree"
This questionnaire will be composed of 5 dimensions including the consumer attitudes toward the impact of blog on need cognition, the consumer attitudes toward the impact of blog on information search, the consumer attitudes toward the impact of blog on alternative evaluation, the consumer attitudes toward the impact of blog on purchase decision and the consumer attitudes toward post purchase behavior.
The sample is from the users of www.taobao.com (The Most Influential Shopping Website in China). Based on the Instant Messaging (ALiWangWang Software), the respondents will be random chose and questioned.
3.5.3 Research Environment and Sampling Design
Understanding the research environment will further improve the explanation of the purpose. This dissertation will choose the consumers in China as the survey sample. Experiencing the economic reform in China, this reform makes market in China differentiate from market in others. The detailed reasons will be given as follows.
In 1979, economic reform, the open-door policy, has been implemented in China. During the preceding three decades, China has experienced the dramatic economic development and the improvement of society. The following table will show the economic development of each sector in China.
As Table 3.1 shown, during these three periods, the growth of GDP growth has increased from 0.6% to 7.9%. Furthermore, each sector in China has experienced the rapid growth from 1890-1950 to 1978-2003. However, service sectors, such as commerce & restaurants, transport & communication, have increased more than other sectors including farming, fishing & forestry, industry and construction. With the advent of economic globalization and WTO, market in China is given more and more attention by other countries, especially foreign direct investment source countries. The needs of consumers in China differentiated from one to another.
Table 3. 1: The Growth of GDP by Sector in China 1890-2003
(Annual Average Compound Growth Rates)
Farming, Fishing & Forestry
Transport & Communication
Commerce & Restaurants
Other Services
Per Capita GDP
GDP Per Person Employed
Source: The Growth of GDP by Sector in China 1890-2003, from Maddison, A. (2007), China Economic Performance in the Long Run, 2rd Edition. p.14.
Consumer decision making also is influenced by the outside environment. Understanding the impact of blog on consumer decision making thoroughly will further interpret consumer behavior in China.
Since the target research objective often covers large population in the wider geography, this will consume more and more source to implement the survey. The sample will indicate the features of the target population. This dissertation will consider the users of www.taobao.com as the sample in this context. Taobao.com is viewed as the most important online shopping website in China. The users exposed to the influence of word of mouth from blog may be the best sample of this dissertation.
3.5.4 Data Analysis
Quantitative analysis is an appropriate technique for the analysis of data gathered from the questionnaire. Statistical analysis is the dominated method in the methods of quantitative analysis. Statistics Package for the Social Science (SPSS) is well known statistical software for social and science researchers to process and cope with the data on quantitative research.
When discussing how to analyze data on Likert Scale, according to Göb et al. (2007), there is no common standard to analyze this data from the aspect of the scientific community. In terms of Clason and Dormody (1994), through researching 95 articles on Likert Scales from the Journal of Agricultural Education, 51 articles just use the descriptive statistics. In the field of business administration, descriptive statistics incline to become the important statistics analysis measure. There is no denying the fact that other method will analyze the data on Likert Scale well. In this dissertation, giving the explanation for the impact of blog on consumer decision making yet discussing the relationships between all stages of consumer decision making is the most important focus.
3.5.5 Validity and Reliability
Validity and reliability are the two essential aspects for ensuring the quality of quantitative research method. In terms of Wainer and Braun (198 p.2), validity relative to the level of truth measurement is based on the two aspects including the content and the measurement of gathering data. Reliability in quantitative research refers to three dimensions containing the degree of the consistency, constancy and resemblance of the measurement within a given period (Kirk and Miller 1986 p.107). This dissertation will explain the impact of blog on consumer decision making yet test. Furthermore, this questionnaire divided into five aspects will improve the validity and reliability of the total survey.
3.6 Limitation
The sample chose by this survey refers to the respondents often purchasing online. On the one hand, these respondents to some extent are susceptible to the influence of word of mouth from blog. This feature will suitable for the assessment of the impact of blog. On the other hand, this sample will poorly indicate that the situation of the impact of blog on consumers in China. From the perspective of the explanation, questioning this sample will fully understand the impact of blog on consumer decision making.
3.7 Summary
As the above demonstrated, the detailed information on research method will be given in this sector. This aspect will direct the survey and improve the performance of this survey.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Discussion
4.1 Introduction
This sector will analyze the data collected from the respondents in China and explain the phenomena. This sector will be composed of the general information of this survey, the descriptive statistic and data analysis, and discussion. The general information of this survey will give the big picture of the survey and information of the respondents in China. Subsequently, data analysis can further interpret the meanings of the respondents' attitudes toward the impact of blog on consumer decision making. Finally, it will discuss the differentiated meanings beyond the expectation.
4.2 The General Information of This Survey
Given the general information of this survey, it to some extent can facilitate the ability to explain the meanings of the impact of blog on consumer decision making. The following will describe the general of personal information.
As Table 4.1 shown, the total number of the efficacious questionnaire is 300. The numbpondents is aire ality er of the male respondents is 115. 185 female respondents account for 61.67% of the total number. Furthermore, the respondents of online shopping between 19 years and 49 years constituting 84.67% of the total respondents. Female respondents between 19 years and 49 years compose most part of the respondents. From the perspective of personal finance, the respondents with monthly income 3001 ¥ to 5000 ¥ become the dominated target interviewees of this survey. According to the education background of the respondents, the respondents obtaining the undergraduate/bachelor degree constitute 43.0% of the total educated respondents. In the economic environment of China, the respondents with monthly income 3001 ¥ to 5000 ¥ are derived from the respondents with undergraduate/bachelor degree. This phenomenon to some extent indicates higher degree of the validity of this survey. In terms of the perspective of occupation, the respondents as manager/executive compose 46.47% of the total respondents. From the aspect of general information of personal information, understanding the situation of personal information will further facilitate the following explanation.
Table 4. 1: The General Information of Personal Information
18 years or younger
19 to 34 years
35 to 49 years
50 years or more
Monthly Income
1000 ¥ or less
1001 ¥ to 3000 ¥
3001 ¥ to 5000 ¥
5001 ¥ to 8000 ¥
8001 ¥ or more
Senior High School
Undergraduate/Bachelor degree
Postgraduate/Master degree
Self-employed/Business owner
After understanding the general information of personal information, giving the introduction of the information of respondents' experience on internet is essential. As Table 4.2 mentioned, 142 respondents with the internet use experience of 3 to less than 4 years constitute 47.33% of the respondents. Along with the richness of experience on using internet, the respondents will better give a credible judgment on blog and internet. Referring to the question of which source would you like in the situation of the lack of experience and knowledge on the special aspect, most respondents incline to choose families, friends and colleagues as the recommendation sources. Blog is considered as the third most important source for the respondents. Furthermore, these respondents have much experience on internet.
Table 4. 2: The Information of Respondents' Experience on Internet
How many years of experience on using internet you have?
Less than 6 months
6 to less than 12 months
1 to less than 2 years
2 to less than 3 years
3 to less than 4 years
4 years or more
When faced with the lack of experience and knowledge on the special aspect, which source would you like?
Friends and Colleagues
Newspaper or Magazine
Companies or organizations
TV or other mass communication
4.3 Descriptive Statistic and Data Analysis
As Table 4.3 shown, when referring to the question of N 1 (the mean of N 1 is about 4.71), most respondents reading the blog to some extent cannot make them find their owner new needs for the products and service. From the response of N 2 (the mean of N2 is approximately 3.79), however, as the respondents found their new needs from other channels, such as families, friends and advertising, they will gather information on blog to recognize these new needs. There is one obvious reason for explaining the behavior of these respondents. Most respondents reading the blog incline to focus on the information they interested in. They are mostly familiar with this information. This information to great extent make them cognize the new needs. From the perspective of the mean of N 3, most respondents will not introduce the experience on recognizing new needs. It is important for this dissertation that when consumers found and recognize the new needs, most respondents inclined to use blog to recognize and grasp their new needs.
Table 4. 3: The Descriptive Statistics of the Impact of Blog on Need Cognition
Descriptive Statistics
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
When you read the blog, do you think some information on blog will make you cognize the new needs for the special products and services? (N 1)
When you find your new needs for the products and service, do you think blog will make you recognize your needs again? (N 2)
When you succeeded in recognizing your new needs through blog, do you think you will share this experience with friends or others? (N 3)
Valid N (listwise)
From the previous, consumers in China will consider the recognition of new needs as the important part of consumer decision making. Using information on blog to recognize and grasp the new needs is a rational process or thinking for consumption.
From the traditional consumer decision making, information search is considered as the important part susceptible to the influence of recommendation source. In the choosing of the recommendation source of information search, whether blog is a better choice of information search is a question.
Table 4. 4: The Descriptive Statistics of the Impact of Blog on Information Search
Descriptive Statistics
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
When you need gathering informatio
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- Visit
- Exhibitions
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- Learn
- Get Involved
Tuesday - Saturday
11 am to 4 pm
Sunday & Monday
Admission is always free thanks to
generous support from the OSU
Museum of Art Advocates.
Deer, a legal scholar, professor, and 2014 MacArthur fellow, focuses on the intersection of tribal law and victim's rights. She is the author of Beginning and End of Rape: Confronting Sexual Violence in Native America, which received the 8th Annual Labriola Center American Indian National Book Award (among others). Additionally, she has co-authored many textbooks on tribal law. This year, Professor Deer received the Spirit of Excellence Award from the American Bar Association and was granted the Langston Hughes Fellowship at the University of Kansas.
Deer regularly contributes as a writer and researcher with non-profit advocacy groups including Amnesty International and the Minnesota Indian Women's Sexual Assault Coalition. She has also been quoted in the New York Times and appeared as a guest on NPR, Al Jazeera, and MSNBC.
In this lecture, Deer will address the flip side of female empowerment: the shocking level of domestic assault and physical violence against Native American women. This lecture takes place on campus in Architecture 170 at 6 pm on Tuesday, Oct. 11. Free and open to the public, no RSVP required. Download the flyer PDF here.
This project is supported in part by the following: an award from the National Endowment for the Arts, Jeanene and Ron Hulsey, Mary Ann and Ken Fergeson, the Chickasaw Nation, the Oklahoma Arts Council, OSU/A&M Board of Regents, and the OSU Museum of Art Advocates. In addition, the OSU Museum of Art would like to extend a thank you to Bockley Gallery in Minneapolis, Minn., and the Institute of American Indian Arts Museum in Santa Fe, NM.


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Title of Bulletin Board: Jump Rope for Heart Fundraiser
Category: Fundraisers
Suggested Grade Level: 3-5
Materials: jump rope, backing paper, construction paper, small cardboard box, and letter/shape punch
This bulletin board, entitled �Jump Rope for Heart�, served a two-fold purpose. First, it described a few of the health benefits associated with jumping rope (burning calories, improving your mood, and making your heart strong). Secondly, it served as an advertisement encouraging students to participate in the school-wide Jump Rope for Heart fundraiser. For students wishing to participate, sponsor forms were available at the bottom right of the bulletin board. Additionally, the students who were unable to participate were still able to contribute to the cause by collecting donations and placing them into the box at the bottom left of the board. Furthermore, the name of each participating student was written on a solid, colored heart and placed either within the big jump rope heart or on the border of the bulletin board. The bulletin board was student-friendly because each child was excited to see their name appear on the board and therefore they felt as though they played an integral role in the overall appearance of the bulletin board and the success of the Jump Rope for Heart fundraiser.
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Bakeware, Pyrex, Serving Dishes, Cookware Bakeware, Bakeware Set, Bakeware Sets, Kitchen Bakeware
by postaletrice Bakeware is a type of cookware that is used for baking purposes. When buying bake ware, it is important that you consider a number of factors. One of this is the weight. Weight is very important as bakeware that is heavy will last longer than lighter materials. Ware can also not also warp.… Read More »


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The flight to Scotland, on Aer Lingus, was as quick as possible. We passed through Dublin, a drab airport with friendly people. In Edinburgh the easiest way to get into the city was the bus…quick, convenient, cheap (Dave: I must be a Scotsman at heart).
On the day we arrived , Scotland was having their big election and there was evidence of that everywhere. Lots of "Yes" buttons on folks, and a few "No" signs. We were told that the Yes side is passionate about their feelings while the No side is more private, thus the lopsided presentation of preference.
Later in the evening we passed no less than four TV crews shooting "live coverage" on the streets in downtown Edinburgh. From our little garret bedroom of our hotel, we woke about 1:00AM to the sounds of cheering, horns and singing. Results were coming in from the election. Voting never ends in Scotland until 10:00 at night. When we asked about this late hour for polls to be open, the response was that they had to be open that late as how else would working people vote? This is common throughout Europe. The US should learn that lesson.
The day was a bit misty and cool. Edinburgh castle was a surprise as it's preeminence on top of a cliff was more imposing than any picture we'd seen. At the end of the day, we felt like we had already seen and done a lot….. and that was with very little sleep!


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James is the president and the co-founder of Highland Capital Management. He has over 30 years' experience in credit and equity markets. The Highland Capital Management investment together with its affiliates owns assets that are worth $ 13.5 billion.
Mr. Dondero attended the University of Virginia where he received a Bachelors in Commerce, he majored in Accounting and finance. Alongside this, he also has CPA, CMA, and CFA. Read more at Huffington Post about James Dondero.
James Dondero is also the chairman of the NextBank, CCS Medical, cornerstone Healthcare and board member of the American Banknote and MGM Studios. In 2015, Mr. James Dondero was appointed to the board of directors for NextPoint Trust.
- Dondero began his career as an analyst in 1984 in the Morgan Training program before assuming several positions. He has also served as the corporate Bond Analyst and later portfolio manager at American Express. James served as the chief investment officer between the years 1989 to 1993, of Protective Life's GIC subsidiary and helped the company grow the business from inception to over $2B in four years.
Under the leadership of Mr. Dondero, Highland Capital has been a pioneer in the developing of the Collateralized Loan Obligation as well as proceeding solutions that are related to credit both for the institutional and retail investors globally. The Highland Market offer products such as hedge funds, private equity funds, CLOs, ETFs, mutual funds, and REITs.
The Highland's boasts a diversified base of clients that includes foundations, public pensions plan, endowments, financial institutions, funds of funds, high net worth individuals, corporations, and government. The firm's headquarters are located in Dallas, Texas and also has offices in New York, Singapore, and Seoul.
Read: https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=2159086&privcapId=37846394
Mr. Dondero's management experience includes investment grade corporate, leveraged bank loans, mortgage-backed securities, emerging bank debts, derivatives, common stocks and preferred stocks.
As a dedicated philanthropist, Mr. Dondero has supported different initiates including education, veterans affairs, and public policy. Furthermore, he has donated millions to proceeds in Dallas-area and charities. Due to the commitment of Mr. Dondero in improving the educational opportunities, it has resulted in the growth of a list of partnerships and donations that is enriching the lives of the people of Dallas. Follow James on Linkedin.


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Tools & Techniques - Pareto Charts
Vilfredo Pareto was an Italian economist credited with establishing the Pareto Principle. Pareto charts provide facts and insights necessary for setting priorities. Pareto charts assist teams to focus on the smaller number of the causes of problems in order to aid in decision making. Pareto charts organize and display information. They are a form of vertical bar chart. Attributes are discussed. Suggestions on when to use a Pareto chart are made. Pareto analysis is one way to determine major causes of particular problems. A review is provided with suggestions for alternatives. The Pareto chart is a valuable decision making tool.
Tools & Techniques
Pareto Charts
As a decision-making tool, the Pareto chart provides facts and insights necessary for setting priorities. Vilfredo Pareto was an Italian economist credited with establishing what is now widely known as the Pareto Principle. It is also known as the "80/20 Rule" (iSixSigma, 2006). When Pareto discovered the principle in 1906, he established that 80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population. Later, Pareto discovered his principle was valid in other parts of his life, such as gardening. For example, 80% of his garden peas were produced by 20% of the peapods.
The "80/20 Rule is not literal. The ratios may vary. Rather than an even 80% to 20% ratio the exact percentage may be 82% to 18%, or 78% to 22%. However as a rule of thumb' it is common practice to refer to an 80% to 20% ratio. On their website showing examples of the Pareto charts and the 80/20 Rule, iSixSigma provides several examples of common applications for the 80/20 Rule"
80% of process defects arise from 20% of the process issues.
20% of your sales force produces 80% of your company revenues.
80% of delays in schedule arise from 20% of the possible causes of the delays.
80% of customer complaints arise from 20% of your products or services.
Pareto charts assist teams to focus on the smaller number of the causes of problems in order to aid in decision making. However paraphrased; a Pareto chart is a simple management tool with broad business applications. Pareto charts organize and display information to show the relative importance of various problems. It is essentially a special form of a vertical bar chart that puts items in order from the highest to the lowest relative to another measurable quantity such as frequency, cost, or time.
Placing the items in descending order of frequency makes it easy to discern problems that are of greatest importance or those causes that appear to account for most of the variation. Thus, a Pareto chart helps individuals or teams to focus their efforts where they can have the greatest potential impact.
Pareto charts are useful in establishing priorities by showing which are the most critical problems to be tackled or causes to be addressed. Comparing Pareto charts of a given situation over time can also determine whether an implemented solution reduced the relative frequency or cost of that problem or cause. Trends can be observed.
A Pareto Chart is basically a vertical bar graph showing problems in a prioritized order, so it can be determined which problems should be tackled first. When making decisions it is often useful to make Pareto Charts of data collected over a set time period. The first step would be to list the problems identified for a particular problem. Data is collected for the variable elements of the units to be measured and displayed. New or existing data are grouped by consistent units of measure.
The attributes to be charted are arranged so as to fall under one category only. Units of measure are labeled and displayed on the left vertical axis. The categories are labeled and displayed on the horizontal axis. Categories are plotted according to frequency, starting from the vertical axis using the highest numbers first. Categories that appear infrequently are grouped...
References: Coast Guard Process Improvement Guide, (2005). Change Navigators, Inc. Retrieved from http://web2.concordia.ca/quality/tools/19pareto.pdf
Retrieved October 21, 2006 from http://www.isixsigma.com/library/content/
Retrieved October 22, 2006 from www.qualityamerica.com
Retrieved October 23, 2006 from http://asq.org /learn-about-quality/
Retrieved October 23, 2006 from http://www.toolpack.com/quality/paretocharts.html
Retrieved October 23, 2006 from http://www.toolpack.com/quality/paretocharts.html
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