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[align=center][color=#FF00FF] [b] Agressor - Neverending Destiny (1990) [/b] [/color]
[color=#FF00FF][b]Year[/b] : 1990
[b]Style[/b] : Thrash Metal
[b]Country[/b] : France
[b]Audio[/b] : 320 kbps + all scans
[b]Size[/b] : 148 mb[/color]
Founded in 1986, AGRESSOR is know as the pioneer band of French Thrash / Death Metal who influenced many others in France and elsewhere.The same year the band recorded its first demo, "The Merciless Onslaught" which received a warm welcome in the underground metal scene and lauched directly the band internationally.In 1987 came "Satan Sodomy", the second demo with the cover caused a sensation because it is heavily tinged with sex and Black Metal.Agressor begins concerts in France and Switzerland including Messiah, Samael, Sodom and Living Death.With the Split LP "Licensed to Thrash", alongside Loudblast, AGRESSOR released in 1988, the first French Thrash Metal Record.First French band ever to be signed on an international label after recording the demo "Orbital Distortion" in 1989, Agressor, a few months after the fall of the Berlin Wall, recorded "Neverending Destiny" at the Skytrak studio, produced by the Bathory producer and released by Noise Records. This album is required at the time as relatively innovative given the content of certain texts (Sci-Fi oriented when fashion is the occult and gore), but by his artwork signed by the famous designer of the 70's Philippe Druillet ("The Adventures of Lone Sloane," "The Night"). The album received a warm international welcome with its mix quite original (for that time) of brutal Thrash and Death "technical" (the kind did not exist yet), which lead them to the front of the Metal scene.Two years later, when it was released in 1992, "Towards Beyond" is indeed a huge stir. Recorded in Sweden at Montezuma Studio produced by The Boss himself (Bathory) and released on Black Mark Prod., Medieval music and blend it quite technical Death, Thrash riffs and ultra-heavy passages with a cavernous sound, the album 's immediately imposes as one of the best Death Metal surprises of a vintage year 1992, however strong, but also as the best album released by a French band that year.Agressor side of Split LP "Licensed to Thrash" was reissued in 1993 by Black Mark Prod. to MCD under the name "Satan Sodomy."With Symposium of Rebirth "in 1994,continues to follow Agressor their style while remaining true to their roots while exploring new ground with the Choir of the Opéra de Lyon, which have been engaged for the recording and with the participation of Barney Greenway Napalm Death vocalist on a Terrorizer cover. The album alternates with medieval acoustic tracks of pure brutality Death, opera choruses on blast-beats, music taken from the movie "Conan the Barbarian" and a hallucinating technical skill at the time.The band connects tours and concerts with bands such as Sinister, Wargasm, Morbid Angel, Obituary, Pestilence and Biohazard,After their UK tour with Cradle Of Filth in June 96, Alex began working for Black Mark Prod and became guitarist for Ibanez.Because of all these activities, Agressor come back in 2000 with "Medieval Rites", recorded with the participation of many different musicians: a flutist, a violinist, a trombonist, an opera singer, plus other personalities the metal scene: Krell and Christina (Bloodthorn), Morten Nielsen (former drummer of Mercyful Fate), Kai Hahto (Rotten Sound, Enochian Crescent).Will follow a tour with Bloodthorn, ... and Oceans and the MCD "The Spirit of Evil" also contains a range rom with two videos recorded in Marseille in 2000 during a concert Mayhem and featuring James Murphy of Testament / Death / Obituary ...In January 2002, the band organized a birthday gig at the Midem of Cannes with a video released in 2006 on a DVD with the album "Deathreat" out on Season of Mist. It aims to offer the most brutal and faster than the band ever recorded reconnecting with its roots in extreme after more than 20 year career.Alex, the leader, played in bands such as Loudblast, Anorexia Nervosa, Bloodthorn E-Force (ex-Voivod), is particularly sponsored by Ibanez, and is involved in the famous Music Academy Int. of Nancy.Joel has reformed his Thrash band: Outburst in which he plays the guitar.Romain has played in many bands such as: Belef, Imperial Sodomy, Disavoued and Necrophagist.Pierrick, plays in Phazm on guitar and vocals and Scarve where he was singer. It was Ibanez endorsement after coming out first of the final exams of Music Academy Int.With their merger Death-Thrash Metal tinged Black Metal AGRESSOR has a reputation for innovative and original band.
Alex Colin-Tocquaine Guitars, Vocals (1986-present) - See also: ex-Imbecilator, ex-Bloodthorn, ex-Loudblast, ex-Witches, ex-E-Force (live), ex-Mutilator (live)
Joel Guigou Bass (1992-present) - See also: Outburst, ex-Hellfire
Kévin Paradis Drums (2014-present) - See also: Dead Talking Mind, DeadlySins, Death Lab, The Seven Gates, Benighted (live), Seth (live)
Kevin Verlay Guitars (2014-present) - See also: Mors Principium Est, Nibirus, ex-Aborted (live), ex-Dictated (live)
1. Paralytic Disease 02:51
2. The Unknown Spell 02:20
3. Elemental Decay 04:48
4. Voices from Below 03:20
5. Neverending Destiny 03:40
6. Prince of Fire 03:37
7. Dark Power 05:49
8. The Arrival 02:37
9. Brainstorm 02:57
10. Bloody Corpse 04:37
Please my link you can spread further, but do not upload to other hostings!!!
[hide] [url autourl=1534757912 nofollow=1]http://ul.to/ucp132hk[/url autourl=1534757912 nofollow=1] [/hide]
[color=#FF00FF] Password: [b]horex[/b][/color]
Remember! if You like the release, buy the original CD. Support the artists!
[color=#FF0000]Please when You buy a premium account, You can support our work, You can do parallel downloads with unlimited speed and never waiting.
Please click and buy some account only through icon Uploaded below: (when You not see icon below stop AdBlock and AdBlock plus in Google chrome) [/color]
[color=#4080FF]Cuando usted compra una cuenta premium, Usted puede apoyar nuestro trabajo, usted puede hacer descargas paralelas con velocidad ilimitada y nunca espera.
Por favor, haga clic y comprar de cuenta sólo a través de icono Uploaded por debajo: (si no ves el icono siguiente parada AdBlock y AdBlock Plus en Google Chrome) [/color]


text:
Portland, Maine (PRWEB) June 10, 2016
Accountex USA has announced a new course to the November conference schedule: SMB and Modern Business – Navigate to the Cloud and Increase Profitability. Cloud technology offers flexible solutions to accounting professionals that help their business clients grow and adapt to changing environments. The session, taught by LaShonda Anderson-Williams, will cover the four pillars of cloud computing and discuss how organizations can spend less and ensure they get the most out of their IT investments.
Accountex USA provides a four-day learning experience that focuses around the technology that moves accounting forward as well as the business processes and organizational success needed in the marketplace. As an independent conference, the content offers more than a single perspective on solutions.
The accounting technology expo brings together the largest selection of solutions and offers professionals face-to-face time to learn about the latest upcoming trends available from solution innovators. The conference is the premier event of the year for the accounting and financial professionals and the add-on developer community. Sponsorship opportunities are enhanced through the AccountingWEB and Accountex partnership to provide maximum engagement with decision makers.
Keynote speakers include: David Kotz, former Inspector General of the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission and Managing Partner at Berkeley Research Group, Debbie Rich-Walker, Senior Finance Manager at Home Depot, Dave Kerpen, Founder and CEO of LikeableLocal and a New York Times Best-Selling Author, Doug Sleeter, Founder of The Sleeter Group, Joe Woodard, Founder of Woodard Events and Consulting, and Geni Whitehouse, CEO at Even a Nerd. Accountex will be held at the Mirage Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada November 15-18, 2016.
About Accountex USA
Accountex is the largest independent accounting technology conference and expo, leading the way for an inclusive approach to education on latest trends and technologies. Accountex publishes a content rich online magazine, the Accountex Report, which features daily articles to help move accounting forward and address common business process and organizational needs for SMB's. Accountex developed the Accounting Technology Ecosystem™ which is the leading product roadmap for an expansive marketplace of accounting and business software solutions; Accountex is the parent company of the Sleeter Group, an online community of accounting professionals, and honors both vendors and practitioners with annual awards programs for excellence. http://www.accountexusa.com.###

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Legal Status
Document Details
Published Document
Import Administration, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce.
Notice of final results of expedited sunset review: Cut-to-length carbon steel plate from Germany.
On September 1, 1999, the Department of Commerce ("the Department") published the notice of initiation of sunset review of the antidumping duty order on cut-to-length carbon steel plate from Germany (64 FR 47767), pursuant to section 751(c) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended ("the Act"). On the basis of a notice of intent to participate and adequate substantive response filed on behalf of domestic interested parties and a waiver of participation from respondent interested parties, we determined to conduct an expedited sunset review. Based on our analysis of the comments received, we find that revocation of the antidumping duty order would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping at the levels listed below in the section entitled Final Results of the Review.
April 6, 2000.Start Further Info
Eun W. Cho or Melissa G. Skinner, Office of Policy for Import Administration, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 14th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20230; telephone: (202) 482-1698 or (202) 482-1560, respectively.End Further Info End Preamble Start Supplemental Information
The Applicable Statute
Unless otherwise indicated, all citations to the Act are references to the provisions effective January 1, 1995, the effective date of the amendments made to the Act by the Uruguay Round Agreements Act ("URAA"). In addition, unless otherwise indicated, all citations to the Department regulations are to 19 CFR part 351 (1999). Guidance on methodological or analytical issues relevant to the Department's conduct of sunset reviews is set forth in the Department Policy Bulletin 98:3—Policies Regarding the Conduct of Five-Year ("Sunset") Reviews of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders; Policy Bulletin, 63 FR 18871 (April 16, 1998) (Sunset Policy Bulletin).
On September 1, 1999, the Department published the notice of initiation of sunset review of the antidumping duty order on cut-to-length carbon steel plate from Germany (64 FR 47767). We invited parties to comment. On the basis of a notice of intent to participate and adequate substantive response filed on behalf of domestic interested parties and of a waiver of participation from respondent interested parties, we determined to conduct an expedited sunset review. The Start Printed Page 18056Department is conducting this sunset review in accordance with sections 751 and 752 of the Act.
In accordance with section 751(c)(5)(C)(v) of the Act, the Department may treat a review as extraordinarily complicated if it is a review of a transition order (i.e., an order in effect on January 1, 1995). This review concerns a transition order within the meaning of section 751(c)(6)(C)(ii) of the Act. Therefore, on December 22, 1999, the Department determined that the sunset review of the antidumping duty order on cut-to-length carbon steel plate from Germany is extraordinarily complicated and extended the time limit for completion of the final results of this review until not later than March 29, 2000, in accordance with section 751(c)(5)(B) of the Act.[1]
Scope of Review
The product covered by this review is certain cut-to-length carbon steel plate from Germany. These products include hot-rolled carbon steel universal mill plates. (i.e., flat-rolled products rolled on four faces or in a closed box pass, of a width exceeding 150 millimeters but not exceeding 1,250 millimeters and of a thickness of not less than 4 millimeters, not in coils and without patterns in relief), of rectangular shape, neither clad, plated nor coated with metal whether or not painted, varnished, or coated with plastics or other nonmetallic substances; and certain hot-rolled carbon steel flat-rolled products in straight lengths, of rectangular shape, hot rolled, neither clad, plated, nor coated with metal, whether or not painted, varnished, or coated with plastics or other nonmetallic substances, 4.75 millimeters or more in thickness and of a width which exceeds 150 millimeters and measures at least twice the thickness, as currently classifiable in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule ("HTS") under item numbers 7208.40.3030, 7208.40.3060, 7208.51.0030, 7208.51.0045, 7208.51.0060, 7208.52.0000, 7208.53.0000, 7208.90.0000, 7210,70.3000, 7210.90.9000, 7211.13.0000, 7211.14.0030, 7211.14.0045, 7211.90.000, 7212.40.1000, 7212.40.5000, and 7212.50.0000. Included are flat-rolled products of non-rectangular cross-section where such cross-section is achieved subsequent to the rolling process (i.e., products which have been worked after rolling) for example, product which have been beveled or rounded at the edges. Excluded is grade X-70 plate.
On August 25, 1999, the Department issued the final results of a changed-circumstances review partially revoking the order with respect to certain carbon cut-to-length steel plate with a maximum thickness of 80 mm in steel grades BS 7191,355 EM and 355 EMZ, as amended by Sable Offshore Energy Project Specification XB MOO Y 15 0001, types 1 and 2.[2]
The HTS item numbers are provided for convenience and custom purposes. The written description remains dispositive.
Analysis of Comments Received
All issues raised in substantive responses by parties to this sunset review are addressed in the Issues and Decision Memorandum ("Decision Memo") from Jeffrey A. May, Director, Office of Policy, Import Administration, to Robert S. LaRussa, Assistant Secretary for Import Administration, dated March 29, 2000, which is hereby adopted by this notice. The issues discussed in the attached Decision Memo include the likelihood of continuation or recurrence of dumping and the magnitude of the margin likely to prevail were the order revoked. Parties can find a complete discussion of all issues raised in this review and the corresponding recommendations in this public memorandum which is on file in B-099, the Central Records Unit, of the main Commerce building.
In addition, a complete version of the Decision Memo can be accessed directly on the Web at www.ita.doc.gov/import_admin/records/frn. The paper copy and electronic version of the Decision Memo are identical in content.
Final Results of Review
We determine that revocation of the antidumping duty order would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping at the following percentage weighted-average margins:
|Manufacturer/ exporter
|Margin (percent)
|All others
This notice also serves as the only reminder to parties subject to administrative protective orders ("APO") of their responsibility concerning the return or destruction of proprietary information disclosed under APO in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305 of the Department's regulations. Timely notification of the return or destruction of APO materials or conversion to judicial protective order is hereby requested. Failure to comply with the regulations and terms of an APO is a violation which is subject to sanction.
We are issuing and publishing this determination and notice in accordance with sections 751(c), 752, and 777(i) of the Act.Start Signature
Dated: March 29, 2000.
Joseph A. Spetrini,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Import Administration.
1. See Extension of Time Limit for Final Results of Five-Year Reviews, 64 FR 71726 (December 22, 1999).Back to Citation
2. See Certain Cut-to-Length Carbon Steel Plate from Finland, Germany, and United Kingdom: Final Results of Changed Circumstances Antidumping Duty and Countervailing Duty Reviews, and Revocation of Orders in Part, 64 FR 46343 (August 25, 1999).Back to Citation
[FR Doc. 00-8551 Filed 4-5-00; 8:45 am]


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Two of Doncaster's teenage "MPs" met Ed to discuss issues affecting the borough's young people.
Emma Spencer and Caitlin Boyle are both Members of the Youth Parliament (MYPs) representing Doncaster.
They met Ed as part of the Youth Parliament's Campaign Day.
Among the issues discussed were employment prospects for young people, the living wage and how to improve the level of engagement with young people from across the borough.
Ed said: "Today's young people are the decision-makers of tomorrow, so it's vital they are encouraged to get involved in the democratic process.
"It's also important young people voice their opinions about the things that matter to them, nationally and here in Doncaster, and that those opinions are listened to."
The UK Youth Parliament is made up of around 600 members, aged between 11 and 18. MYPs represent constituencies in the same way as MPs in the House of Commons.
They meet regularly to hold debates and plan campaigns at venues including the House of Commons.
Photo shows Ed with Emma Spencer and Caitlin Boyle


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[wip] Blade's voice pack
View Single Post
Join Date: May 2006
Posts: 30
Re: [wip] Blade\'s voice pack
Originally posted by MadMax:
dj, I figured out just what you said tonight... obviously the Source engine doesn't allow for scripted conversations as Sin 1 did. There are "scenes" which have timed conversations (made of several voice clips), but these are only for dialogues where the talking characters are physically present, i.e. no radio chatter. And radio chatter is what I'd most likely want to add. Unfortunately, this type of "dialogue" is simply some triggered wave files (obviously triggered from the maps), and only one wave file can be played back on such a trigger, so there can't be any followup responses by Blade. As you said, the only way to do that would be adding Blade's response (or "pre-sponse") to the actual wave file of Jessica/JC talking over the radio. I'll most likely do that and see what I can come up with. I've already extracted all the stuff from the GCF files; actually there are some voice clips and scripts in there that were not used in the game and which I'd have loved to see. I also listened through all of Blade's clips from Sin 1 and picked out quite a number that would be appropriate for Emergence. I'll report back when I get something.
Maybe you should hold your horses. This evening I sat down and experimented a little, and I've found a way to incorporate whatever radio chatter we want, with correct timings on following phrases and everything. It does take quite a bit of work to get right though, something which I myself don't have time with for the moment. Another problem is that if Ritual ever updates the map files, we would have to do everything again.
To make it easier to implement and also somewhat futureproof, I'm planning on making a small program capable of doing what we want using some form of specialized script language, that'll probably work on future versions on the maps as well.
I haven't got an answer from Ritual yet whether they would mind us doing this or not. They might care considering it'll mean editing the .bsp files supplied with the game, but then again the only people who would be able to use our patch would be the ones who already own the game (no .bsp-files will be distributed with the patch, since that would make it quite a hefty download, instead small .diff files or script files to the aforementioned program would be distributed).
Hmmm... I've got a feeling that what I've written so far isn't very structured, which could be because I'm both sick and staying up quite late. Short version: I've found a way to edit the .bsp-files so we can incorporate any radio chatter we want. I don't have the time or familiarity enough with the dialog in the two games to do it myself, but I can explain how. In a few days I may be able to write a small program to aid with the .bsp-editing. And I don't know if Ritual would embrace this kind of MOD.
That's it for tonight, now I'm going to bed. I'll probably be in the Ritualistic IRC-channel tomorrow, if you want to discuss the details in all this (mainly djbell and/or MadMax).
This is all very fun [img]/forums/images/graemlins/laugh.gif[/img]
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Saturday Sep 16 , 2017
Location: Grey Eagle Stage Bar (map)
Time: 9:00PM
Event Time: 9:00PM
The Hot Tamales are a top 40/classic rock band that might even throw in a little of the kitchen sink.
The Hot Tamales were discussing the weekend happenings in the back of a calculus class at the University of Saskatchewan. It was there that they discovered their musical background was similar. Both played with family bands and both started playing professionally at the age of 14. It should be noted that both dropped out of the calculus class. Just nine years later, music brought them back together.
In 1990, the group that eventually evolved into the Hot Tamales started out as a 5 piece country band that never made it out of the basement. Late night rehearsals combined with conflicting schedules stunted any advancement. Fellow rehearse, James MacKenzie (drummer), suggested to Stan that he team up with Peter, buy the technology and run as a two man show using computers. The guys took the recommendation and the rest is history…
The Hot Tamales are a a versatile band. You can find them performing at weddings, hockey dances, jamborees, ladies nights, shopping malls, casinos and even the grocery store.
And yes – they travel – as far south as Las Vegas Nevada for an exciting 2 night performance
The Hot Tamales have shared stages with April Wine, The Stampeders, The Wilkinson's, Michelle Wright, Lisa Brokop, Adam Gregory, Beverly Manhood, Lace, Thomas Wade, George Fox, Gary Fjellgard, Dr. Hook, Goode Brothers, Matt Minglewood, Morgan Davis, Blue Shadows, Connie Caldor, Prairie Oyster, Jamie Warren, Gil Grand, Melanie Lane, Samantha King & Carol Baker
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Yield: 8 servings
|¾ cup
|¼ cup
|Worcestershire sauce
|1 tablespoon
|1 teaspoon
|Beef bouillon granules
|½ teaspoon
|Dry mustard
|½ teaspoon
|Chili powder
|¼ teaspoon
|Ground red pepper
|Garlic clove; minced
|2½ pounds
|Fresh beef brisket
|½ cup
|2 tablespoons
|Brown sugar
|2 tablespoons
|Butter or margarine
For cooking liquid, in a bowl combine water, Worcestershire sauce, vinegar bouillion granules, mustard, chili powder, red pepper, and garlic; reserve ½ cup liquid for sauce. Trim fat from brisket. If necessary, cut brisket to fit into cooker; place in a 3½ or 4-quart crockery cooker. Pour remaining liquid over brisket.
Cover; cook on low-heat setting for 10 to 12 hours or high-heat setting for 5 to 6 hours. For sauce, in a small saucepan combine ½ cup reserved liquid, catsup, brown sugar, and margarine. Heat through. Pass sauce with meat.
Better Homes & Gardens' New Crockery Cooker Cookbook.
Submitted By FLORENCE THOMPSON On 03-26-95


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For more details, please take alook at these dj contract forms form pdf free mobile template uk sample invoice sample below!
We provide a variety of free and printable contract templates for you. In common law legal systems, a contract (or informally known as an agreement in some jurisdictions) is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation", including this dj contract forms form pdf free mobile template uk sample invoice.
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text:
If You Think You Get Garages, Then This Might Change Your MindPosted on
Identifying the Most Important Traits of a Dependable Garage Door Services
Over the years, there have been a plethora of companies that are made available and the types of services offered ranges greatly as a whole. It has been found that many services and companies are competing against each other, which makes it hard for consumers to effectively choose the right one, so refer to this site to give yourself a heads up.
It also has been found that among such development and availability to the general public, you could also find that there are a handful of scams and fake services, which makes it important to know what factors really matter by reading this article.
Make sure you will want to review and consider reading the key points we will be talking about for you to ensure you are to evaluate the right garage door service and tell whether or not you could rely on their service. Consider the specifics we will be talking about and read more for you to increase the odds of having a worthy investment along.
Just so you will be able to start things right, it is just vital that you will have to ask for recommendations. This will then ensure that you will be able to work with a professional who has been tried and confirmed to carry on the type of job needed done.
It is just important that you should opt to ask for bids from as much companies you …


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Last fall the neighbor behind us built a hideous shed that is two stories high with a window on the second "story". It is less than 6 feet from our back chain-link fence. This is bad enough, but I wasn't going to complain about it. However, last weekend when the weather warmed up he and another adult friend had chairs up on the second story and were sitting with a perfect vantage point right into our backyard. This window is only looking down into our backyard and nothing else. I am very uncomfortable with this. Is this legal? First of all, should he have had a permit to build this huge shed, and secondly, is it legal to have this window so close to our fence to look down directly on us?
Yes, your neighbor probably needed a building permit for his shed. But provided he complied with setback rules, zoning and building codes I can't think of anything that would prohibit him from having a window that looked directly into your backyard. If you decided to, you could put up a barrier that would obstruct his view. Maybe a few Leyland Cypress. It is illegal (in North Carolina) for a someone to "peep" secretly into a room occupied by a another person. So if he used the window for secret peeping he might be committing a crime. But a backyard is not a "room."
I can understand why this makes you uncomfortable. You might try calling a code enforcement department and see if the building had a permit (permits are public record). If there was no permit and a code inspector found a violation (violating a setback rule, for instance) the inspector could require it to be corrected.


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Tallahassee-Leon County One of Several Florida Communities to Host 8th Americas Competitiveness Exchange
Category Archives: Uncategorized
Category: Uncategorized
Tallahassee-Leon County One of Several Florida Communities to Host 8th Americas Competitiveness Exchange
Today, the U.S. Department of Commerce's Economic Development Administration (EDA), in coordination with the Organization of American States (OAS) and the U.S. Department of State, announced the list of host cities and counties for the 8th Americas Competitiveness Exchange on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, also known as ACE 8. From December 3-9, the tour will showcase
MWSBE #GetsInTheLOOP
Ensuring that all businesses have an equitable chance to grow and thrive in Tallahassee-Leon County is central to OEV's mission to promote economic development in our community. "With our partners, we can help minorities and women take advantage of all the tools in the OEV tool kit to help them grow" – Darryl Jones,
Are you in the LOOP? OEV's brand new Business Retention and Expansion initiative, the Capital Local Outreach Opportunity Program (CapitalLOOP), is underway and ready for business. Take advantage of our cutting-edge business intelligence and customized data analytics to perform location marketing and grow your business. Interface between community and government partners to ensure you are
Celebrating One Year of OEV
It's hard to believe OEV first opened its doors one year ago. From day one early last spring, and with the support of the Blueprint Intergovernmental Agency, we hit the ground running and built a dynamic staff dedicated to the accountability, transparency, citizen engagement and professional management of economic development initiatives. It's been a great
2016 Performance Report now Available
The Blueprint Intergovernmental Agency Performance Report was made available earlier this week and highlights the successes of 2016 as well as the goals that will carry the Blueprint promise forward in years to come. Read the Performance Report>>
Explore Outdoor Adventures with Leon County
Leon County is hosting Exploring Our Backyard on Saturday, February 18 from 9:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. The event offers an interactive day learning about the rich natural environment in the Big Bend region, gaining practical skills for outdoor adventures, and discovering the best places to explore. The day aims to break down barriers and
2017 Sustainable Communities Summit to Focus on Sustainable Tourism
The 2017 Leon County Sustainable Communities Summit is coming up soon and will engage industry partners and citizens. A Hospitality Industry Workshop at Goodwood Museum & Gardens on Wednesday, February 8 from 7 a.m. to noon will focus on Sustainable Tourism featuring expert keynote speakers, including Florida-based team Destination Better, who will engage attendees about how
FSU professor lands $1.8 million Army grant for capacitor development
Read original Tallahassee Democrat online. TaMaryn Waters, Democrat staff writer Published 6:00 p.m. ET Jan. 11, 2017 Florida State engineering professor Jim Zheng landed a $1.8 million grant from the U.S. Army to develop an internal hybrid battery/capacitor power system — a safer, easier and lighter power source for soldiers. It's the next big step
Jim Moran Institute Opens Applications for Small Business Executive Program Class VI
The Jim Moran Institute has opened applications for its Small Business Executive Program (SBEP) Class VI in Tallahassee. The program is designed to assist CEO's in thinking differently to become more efficient in running their business. Those interested should visit www.jmi.fsu.edu and click on Programs to apply. Businesses that have been operating for more than
NASA HBCU Technology Infusion Road Tour
NASA's Office of Small Business Programs (OSBP), in collaboration with the Office of Education (OE) and the Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD), will be hosting the NASA HBCU/MSI Technology Infusion Road Tour. Together, these three offices will provide an open platform for HBCU and MSI representatives to learn about NASA's Mentor-Protégé Program (MPP), STMD's Small


text:
Why you need a good painting team for your strata painting
14/03/2017by Painting CompanyPainting
Strata painting usually is more important and complex than the typical paint job on a house. It usually includes a larger area and a lot more people have to agree on the colour and paint etc. for the project to commence. Strata painting usually involves areas such as an apartment block including anything from just painting the lobby up to painting the entire block inside and out.


text: The Podcast The Wheel Route Podcast, Episode Six By Miccollo Fabrizi - November 18, 2015 517 Share on Facebook Tweet on Twitter The guys are back. Episode 6 is in the books with commentary on a great week 11 in college football. Upsets, coaching news, and playoff implications are all on the table. What do you think?


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Public speaking pro
Public speaking pro
Speaking in public is one of the most common fears. Fortunately help is at hand. Hypnosis can help you overcome nerves and present with a new found confidence…
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Don't endure the nerves for one moment longer. Download Public Speaking Pro today and notice how good it feels to perform with confidence.


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The Hide Safari Camp is set on the eastern boundary of the famous Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe's largest game reserve and known for its abundance and diversity of wildlife, in particular large herds of elephant, buffalo, giraffe and lion.
Stay in one of ten spacious, East African-style luxury canvas tents, set under thatch and all overlooking the main waterhole. All of the luxury tents have their own en-suite bathrooms with a bath and indoor-outdoor shower and most importantly, piping hot water all day long! Start the day with an al fresco breakfast and dine in style at lunch and dinner around a magnificent 22-seater teak dining table. There is a swimming pool on site so you can easily escape the heat of the day or relax in the sun lounge or viewing area in the main lodge.
Expect to see a wide variety of wildlife species during your stay including the Big 5 and some of the 400-odd species of bird that have been recorded here. This is one of the few private camps in the National Park itself allowing you to almost exclusively explore the beauty of the African bush through morning and afternoon game drives and guided walks and night drives or use one of the carefully sited hides for a really up-close view. For an extraordinary experience choose to sleep out in the 'Dove's Nest' treehouse.
Consistently voted 'Best Safari Camp in Zimbabwe', the Hide promises the ultimate wildlife and wilderness experience to its guests.
20 Nights | 21 Days
Visiting Hwange National Park, Victoria Falls Zimbabwe, Chobe Region, Okavango Delta
Price on request
From USD $500 per person
Price on request


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Be the first NJ.com user to add photos or videos of Nek Electric Company
Nek Electric Co is located at 21 Main St in East Brunswick and has been in the business of Electrical Work since 1992.
Nek Electric Company can be found at Main St 21. The following is offered: B2B Contractors. The entry is present with us since Sep 8, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In East Brunswick there are 24 other B2B Contractors. An overview can be found here.


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Message From the President/CEO
Letter from the CEO/President
As the holidays approach, the clients, families, staff and board of directors at SLI want to sincerely thank you for supporting our mission to help children and adults with intellectual disabilities achieve independence and actively participate in our community. Through donations from people like you, those we serve have the opportunity to participate in numerous activities, learn job training skills, daily living skills and numerous other skills that help them become more independent and live a life that is meaningful to them in a healthy and safe environment surrounded by compassion and support.
The people we serve add so much value to our community but require the supports provided at SLI in order to continue to grow and develop the skills necessary to live productively and safely. Every penny we raise through our fundraising efforts and our commitment to financial stewardship is utilized for programs. In fact, over 82% of our total budget goes directly into programs and services.
We are in the season of hope. Won't you please act on your spirit of giving and bring hope to those who really need your support and generosity.
Best wishes for a safe, healthy and happy holiday season,
Lisa Jackson


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Newtown, CT (PRWEB) August 26, 2013
Newtown Veterinary Specialists (NVS) offers a state-of-the art specialty hospital offering over 15,000 square feet of emergency specialty care for your pet. The facility is complete with three surgical suites, a fully equipped on-site laboratory for comprehensive treatment of traumas plus acute and chronic illnesses. NVS offers an extensive team of specialists who work in collaboration with your primary care veterinarian to provide a diagnosis, treatment and the best critical care for your pet.
Our services include over nine areas of specialty, including Surgery, Internal Medicine, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Cardiology, Dermatology, Behavior, Critical Care and 24X7 Emergency Service. Currently, our surgery team is expanding to include a new doctor. Dr. Chad Andrews received his DVM from The Ohio State University. He completed a rotating internship at the University of Georgia, a surgical internship at Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists in Houston, TX and his residency at The University of Tennessee. He stayed on as an assistant professor of surgery at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine where he lead the Total Hip Replacement Program and mentored residents in the art of arthroscopy as well as a multitude of other procedures. He was board-certified by the American College of Veterinary Surgeons in March 2012. He has been involved with various surgical teaching labs that provide continuing education credits to surgeons and general practitioners.
Dr. Andrews joins our Chief Medical Officer and the Chief of Surgery Debra L.Weisman, DVM, MS Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Surgeons in September 2013. He will offer expertise in the area of minimally invasive procedures such as Arthroscopy, Intra-tracheal Stent Placement for Collapsing Trachea, Laparoscopy Assisted Gastropexy and Cystotomy and Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO). He is also expanding NVS capabilities with strong orthopedics in the area of Total Hip Replacements and comprehensive treatment of cruciate ligament damage (CBLO, TPLO, TTA and Swivel Lock). Lastly, he will be able to support various neurosurgery needs including Hemilaminectomy and Ventral Slots for disc disease.
Dr. Andrews is a welcomed surgical specialist to the NVS team as well as the community offering many valued surgical techniques and lifesaving practices for your pet's immediate and long term needs. To learn more about Newtown Veterinary Specialists, our surgery team or any of the other areas of specialty medicine please visit our website at http://www.newtownvets.com or call us directly at 203-270-8387. Newtown Veterinary Specialists is the destination for your pet when you are in need of specialty medicine or emergency care; 24/7/365 days a year.


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The primary purpose of the Administration Commission is to assume responsibility for the functional, material and operational needs of the parish.
PASTORAL COUNCIL MEMBERS: Chris Valluzzo and Holly Dekeyzer
ADMINISTRATION COMMISSION CO-CHAIRS: Kelly Lopez and Michael Acaldo
Aloysius Alive Staff
A ministry that produces the parish newspaper on a periodic basis from August to May. Photographers provide a pictorial record of parish activities and special events.
- RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE: Writing, photography, layout, and proofing; journalism experience preferred. Photographers take pictures with their own camera; pictures are submitted on CD or through email.
- TIME COMMITMENT/MEETINGS: Two to four hours per issue depending on task. Photographer's time varies according to their availability.
- ALOYSIUS ALIVE CONTACT: Ken Duhe
Communications Committee
If you have experience with graphic design, website design, we have several opportunities throughout the year for which we could use your assistance. We have both one-time assignments as well as could be done on a more regular basis.
- RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE: Service on sub committees based on area of interest and expertise.
- TIME COMMITMENT/MEETINGS: Time will be based on particular projects assigned.
Facilities & Maintenance
A ministry that provides assistance in managing the physical plant and property needs of the parish. This ministry includes Handy Helpers, the ministry that organizes spring and fall clean-up days.
- RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE: Planning and consultation with committee, architect and contractors concerning both periodic maintenance issues, as well as building and capital projects. Members may be asked to assist the Facilities Manager with trouble shooting and solutions. Handy Helpers members may help with landscaping projects and campus beautification.
- TIME COMMITMENT/MEETINGS: Facilities Committee meets quarterly to discuss areas of need; time commitment varies according to volunteer's availability. Handy Helpers projects are usually scheduled as 3 to 4 hour sessions once or twice a year.
- CONTACT: Bill Quirk
- HANDY HELPERS CONTACT: Bill Quirk
Finance Council
The members of the Finance Council are appointed by the Pastor and meet monthly. They help the Pastor and staff prepare, review, and monitor parish, school, and child care center budgets, financial planning, Stewardship of Offering program, Parish Fair, Endowment Fund, and Capitol Campaigns.
- RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE: Assisting in the preparation of the parish budget, overseeing finances of the Church, the School, the Child Care Center and the Fair, and collaborating with the Stewardship of Offering committee.
- CONTACT: Dan Gardiner
This critical ministry consists of five teams. Each team, made up of approximately ten members and a team captain, rotates throughout the year in organizing church collections. Members serve slighly less than once a month on average. A professional or one with experience in banking or accounting could add value. We invite you to express your interest in joining one of our teams. Members are appointed by the Pastor. CONTACT: Matt Zylicz
Information Technology Committee (IT) (Ad Hoc Committee)
The IT infrastructure Committee is a ministry of the parish that supports and advises the Pastor, Pastoral Council, and parish staff regarding the IT needs in the parish in order to improve the efficiency of communication with parishioners. The Committee is made up of industy professionals who are appointed by the Pastor.
- RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE: Evaluation of the Aloysius Church Administration IT Infrastructure consisting of the following: computer hardware and software; network hardware and software; IT contracts, license agreements, etc.; email system, including length and standardization of email addresses; data (and network) security and integrity; broadband internet access, and Wi-Fi systems; data storage and access, digital servers, cloud/offsite storage, local PCs, paper files, etc.; logical file and folder names and hierarchical networked structure; website: interface, logic/structure, technology, access, etc.; telecommunications; closed circuit camera infrastructure; copiers, printers, scanners, etc.…toward paperless. This task will require a current inventory of the Administration hardware software, etc. An IT survey form could be developed to assist with the collection of inventory information at the staff level. Once a current inventory is developed and evaluated for functionality, a needs assessment would be developed. This needs assessment should establish minimum operating standards and be part of an IT master plan to reflect current and future IT infrastructure needs and investment. This information will be used to plug into the parish's overall master plan as a second phase to meet parish communication needs.
- TIME COMMITMENT/MEETINGS: IT current needs and future needs will continue to be monitored by the committee as necessary. Other meetings and implementation will take place as directed by the pastor.
- CONTACT: Andy Thibodeaux
Office Volunteers and Office Mailings
Help in preparing mailings, answering phones, copying, filing, shredding, scanning and organizing items in the parish office or where needed.
- TIME COMMITMENT/MEETINGS: Varies according to volunteer's availability.
- CONTACT: Aline Landry
Parish Fair
A ministry responsible for organizing the parish's annual fall fair, including the auction and the golf tournament.
- RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE: Planning the fair's date, theme & logo, negotiating and booking the fair's entertainment lineup and rides, securing sponsors, planning the fair's physical layout, communicating with the Admin Office, Parish and School on fair updates and deadlines, monitoring online registration of fair sales, recruiting Chairs & Co-Chairs for all fair areas, organizing fair volunteers, procuring all food, beverage, supplies and signage, coordinating fair set up and take down logistics and supporting all efforts of the auction and golf tournament.
- TIME COMMITMENT/MEETINGS: Flexible.
- 2018 FAIR CHAIRS: William Biossat and Leigh-Anne Biossat
- 2018 Fair Co-Chairs: Dom Pere' and Ashley Pere'
- 2019 GOLF TOURNAMENT: Randy Cangelosi
- 2019 SILENT & LIVE AUCTION: Jeanne McLellan
Parish History Committee
Contact: Fr. Randy Cuevas
Total Stewardship Committees
A ministry that plans and coordinates the timing, vision, and programs of the three phases of stewardship. The Committee members are the co-chairs of the three stewardship committees.
Stewardship of Ministry
A ministry that prepares and presents Stewardship of Ministry weekend which provides parishioners with the opportunity to use their God given gifts and talents to serve one another and to build the kingdom.
- RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE: Producing an edition of Aloysius Alive, disseminating updated ministry information including commitment cards and thank you notes and forwarding volunteer's commitment information to the various committees. Assists in Ministry Fair.
- TIME COMMITMENT/MEETINGS: Meets 4 to 5 times between April and August.
Stewardship of Offering
A ministry that prepares and presents Stewardship of Offering weekend which allows parishioners to offer in thanksgiving to God our financial gifts, in recognition that all we have comes from God and is to be used for the common good of all.
- RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE: Producing an issue of Aloysius Alive, preparing a letter campaign, a presentation to the congregation, and follow-up as well as providing assistance to the Finance Council.TIME COMMITMENT/MEETINGS: Meets 4 to 5 times between October and February.
- CONTACT: Michael Acaldo
Stewardship of Prayer
A ministry that prepares and presents Stewardship of Prayer weekend which allows parishioners to make a commitment to grow closer to God through personal prayer, community worship and spiritual formation.
- RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE: Producing articles for Aloysius Alive and the Bulletin; preparing a presentation to the congregation; providing assistance to the parish office in this area.
- TIME COMMITMENT/MEETINGS: As needed to prepare for the weekend.
- CONTACT: Angela Montalbano


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WWW.truthinlabeling.org -- Home page
MSG's EFFECT ON
Paper presented at The Weston A. Price Annual Convention
San Francisco, California November 8, 2008
Jack L. Samuels, President, Truth in Labeling Campaign
In providing you with information on MSG's effect on neurological function, I will provide you with some of the history regarding MSG, some of what is now known regarding its toxic potential, particularly as it affects behavior and neurological function. I will also provide you with some of the questionable practices of the glutamate industry in their efforts to demonstrate the safety of their product, and the efforts currently underway to replace some or all MSG with a product that may be equally dangerous.
The food industry would like us to believe that MSG is an abbreviation for the food ingredient "monosodium glutamate" and nothing more. That is not true.
"MSG," as defined by many MSG-sensitive people, is any free glutamic acid that is present in a proteinaceous food or food ingredient due to a manufacturing process or due to any fermentation. We refer to such free glutamic acid as "processed free glutamic acid (MSG)," and the FDA, in their August 31, 1995 publication, the Backgrounder, a publication that is still in use, supports our definition. In the balance of this presentation, any reference to MSG will mean processed free glutamic acid. It is found in the food ingredient "monosodium glutamate" and in other ingredients such as "yeast extract," whose names give no clue to its presence.
There is a difference between processed free glutamic acid and free glutamic acid found in unprocessed and unfermented foods. There are by-products that scientists refer to as contaminants that are found in processed and/or fermented foods that contain processed free glutamic acid. These contaminants are not found in unprocessed, unfermented foods(1).
There is research that explains how the body handles truly natural free glutamic acid (L-glutamic acid), but little reported on contaminants, and nothing reported on processed free glutamic acid. It is known from research that it is L-glutamic acid that enhances the flavor of soups and fermented foods. It is also well known that people vary greatly in their tolerances for MSG, explaining why some MSG-sensitive people will react to some foods with MSG and not to others. An example would be a homemade soup cooked for three hours as compared to a soup cooked for 90 minutes.
Based on interaction with countless MSG-sensitive people, we know that adverse reactions only occur from foods that contain the contaminants mentioned above, providing that an individual exceeds his or her individual tolerance for MSG. In addition to processing and fermentation, some lengthy cooking processes, such as the making of soups and stews, and the use of crock pots, can break down protein and produce MSG (glutamic acid and contaminants). Also, the high heat used in the ultra-pasteurization of some dairy products is problematic for some MSG-sensitive people.
Consequently, MSG-sensitive people may react to soups, stews or crock pot preparations that contain amounts of MSG that exceed their tolerances for the substance. They have to rely heavily on foods that are solely made by nature, and, for example, should have no problem with raw milk. An individual with little tolerance for MSG may have to rely on healthy foods and avoid vitamins. Most, if not all vitamins are made from vegetables, and in the production of the vitamins care is not taken to remove all protein. The remaining protein is broken down, at least in part, during production, resulting in some small amounts of MSG, enough to affect the individual with little tolerance for MSG.
I shall begin this presentation with a number of points that are intended to provide you with some key points in the history of MSG, and the actions that the glutamate industry has taken to continue their source of income from MSG, a known neurotoxin. I have also included their efforts to market a new potentially toxic ingredient.
The MSG story began in 1908 when Kikunae Ikeda, Ph.D. discovered that it was glutamic acid in seaweed that was being used by Asians to enhance the flavor in recipes. In 1909, he patented the sodium salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate, in England(2,3).
In 1909, Dr. Ikeda joined with a friend, Dr. Suzuki, to form Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (Ajinomoto) in Japan(2,3). It is reported that production of monosodium glutamate began in 1910. Today, Ajinomoto is recognized as the world's largest producer of monosodium glutamate.
In 1948, the Chief Quartermaster of the Armed Forces presided over a meeting in Chicago, attended by representatives of many food industry giants who came to learn about an apparent wonder substance that improved the taste of Japanese army rations(2,4).
In 1956, Ajinomoto changed its method of producing monosodium glutamate in order to increase production and lower production costs(5).
In 1968, Ho Man Kwok, M.D., a pediatrician who immigrated to the United States from China, reported reactions when dining in certain Chinese restaurants. His Letter to the Editor was published in The New England Journal of Medicine under the caption "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome"(6).
In 1969, John W. Olney, M.D. published a study in which he found that monosodium glutamate, given to mice, resulted in obesity and other neuroendocrine disorders due to lesions in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus(7).
In 1969, the Ajinomoto-supported International Glutamate Technical Committee (IGTC) was incorporated as a nonprofit agency to lobby our government and health agencies on the safety of MSG, and to develop studies that would be supportive of their position.
In 1972, it was reported that 25% of the population experienced adverse reactions from monosodium glutamate, based on the amount then used in food in the United States(8). A 1975 study found the adverse reactions to occur in 30% of the population(9).
In 1977, The Glutamate Association (TGA) was formed as a subsidiary of the IGTC with the apparent purpose of acting as a public relations arm of the IGTC. Similar subsidiaries have been formed in other countries over the years. Many of the functions of TGA are now handled by the International Food Information Council (IFIC), a seemingly independent organization used by the glutamate industry to do much of their public relations work.
In 1990, following the time that it became obvious that glutamate plays a role in many diseases, the National Institutes of Health held an international seminar in Bethesda, Maryland entitled The Glutamate Cascade: Common Pathways of Central Nervous System Disease States. The seminar appeared to be directed to encourage the development of glutamate blocking drugs.
In 1998, Senomyx, Inc. (Senomyx), located in San Diego, CA, was incorporated
in Delaware. The company's goal was to develop a flavor enhancing MSG
substitute, a sugar substitute, and a salt substitute. The MSG substitute
is now on the market.
In 2006, worldwide consumption of monosodium glutamate was almost 4.4 million pounds, valued at 2.3 billion dollars(10). These figures do not include the MSG found in ingredients other than monosodium glutamate.
In 2007, Senomyx announced that Ajinomoto was awarded marketing rights for their MSG replacement product in the United States and some other countries. Europe and other countries are represented by Nestle.
The glutamate and food industries would like you to believe that adverse reactions from MSG are due to an allergy. That is not true. At one time the glutamate organizations advised people with adverse reactions to see an allergist, apparently realizing that traditional allergy tests would not find an allergy to MSG since the reactions are due to a sensitivity to MSG.
Allergies and sensitivities are different(11,12). Reactions to MSG are, with possible rare exception, due to a sensitivity to a substance that is toxic to one's body. The intolerance for MSG is not an allergy, i.e., it is not IgE mediated. There are no antibodies involved with MSG intolerance.
One has to merely review the literature to be convinced that MSG is toxic. There is a large body of research that concludes that MSG is neurotoxic. How does it work in the body and what causes the adverse reactions that are being experienced by a very high percentage of our population? Why is it that the causes of many of the diseases believed to be associated with its use are unclear?
Although neuroscientists have seen the effects of monosodium glutamate and glutamic acid on the brains of animals, the fact is that they have not determined the mechanism or mechanisms that cause people to experience adverse reactions from MSG. Yet, neuroscience has come a long way, continuing to find new information that may answer that question in the relatively near future. In the meantime, ongoing science is providing a clearer picture of the dangers of MSG.
Not many years ago, I would have stood before you and only explained that when you ingest MSG, some of the glutamic acid enters your blood supply directly from your mouths, and that some could affect the brain. It had been found that the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus could be affected, resulting in brain lesions that resulted in obesity and neuroendcrine disorders. Although this is all still true, scientists have found additional information relating to the body's handling of glutamic acid.
It was known early on that the glutamic acid molecule, as well as the 19 other most commonly referred to amino acids, are small(12,13), and that NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors to which the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamic acid, binds, are found in the brain.
As previously noted, in 1969, John W. Olney, M.D., found that monosodium glutamate caused lesions in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, resulting in obesity and other neuroendocrine disorders(7). Through the years, he conducted many studies on the effects of monosodium glutamate. His studies indicated that the very young were most at risk because the blood brain barrier, a barrier that separates blood from brain tissue, was not always fully developed in the young. Dr. Olney also found that the elderly were at high risk from monosodium glutamate because of the fact that aging, and certain diseases, (such as, but not limited to, diabetes and hypertension), and neurologic events, such as stroke, could compromise the blood brain barrier. Dr. Olney's findings were confirmed through the years by countless neuroscientists. His early findings led to a congressional hearing in 1970, leading to the voluntary removal of monosodium glutamate from baby food by producers of these products. (The fact is, baby food producers replaced monosodium glutamate with MSG-containing hydrolyzed vegetable protein, but that was also removed in 1978.)
In brief, the cause of MSG-induced lesions, (the death of neurons), is that ingestion of MSG results in an excess of calcium entering calcium channels, affecting the neurons(14). Although research on the subject continues, it appears clear that there is a relationship between calcium overload and neurotoxicity(15,16,17). (It should be noted that this does not relate to whether or not you use dairy or calcium products.)
The glutamate industry contended for years that Olney's findings were wrong because the blood brain barrier protected brain neurons from monosodium glutamate. This is totally incorrect because neuroscientists have confirmed that the blood brain barrier is subject to damage from aging, injury, disease, and more, and is "leaky" at best throughout life(18,19), It is inconceivable to me that dietary supplements can override any, or all, of these reasons for exposure of the brain.
We have often been told that the blood brain barrier is fully formed at about 2 days after birth. Discussion with researchers has indicated that the time of full development of the blood brain barrier may occur at varying times in infants. The subject of delayed development of the blood brain barrier is of special interest to the Truth in Labeling Campaign in that we have had contact with a number of parents of children with seizures who have been found to be acutely sensitive to MSG. However, according to their parents, their children's sensitivities lessened once they went through puberty. This leads us to believe that full development of the blood brain barrier in some children may be delayed up to puberty.
Through the years, it has also been found that glutamic acid could pass through the placental barrier(20,21) with the possible consequence of a fetus being affected from MSG.
In 1996, it was found by Said et al. that NMDA receptors were not limited to the central nervous system. He identified NMDA receptors in the lung(22). Now it is also known that there are three major types of glutamate receptors throughout the body, and that although the NMDA receptors may be of most importance, there are also kainate receptors and AMPA receptors to which glutamic acid binds(23).
Although we have, for years, believed that monosodium glutamate and glutamic acid were affecting the central nervous system, identified as the brain and spinal cord, neuroscience has developed to the point of recognizing that there is also a peripheral nervous system where glutamic acid plays a role. Work on this subject is ongoing(24). It is becoming increasingly clear that MSG reactions may be related to neurological function throughout the body.
Why are people reacting to MSG? As stated earlier, neuroscientists have not found the reason for MSG-induced adverse reactions. There are, however, a number of theories that have been offered.
We have often read that an excess of glutamate will affect the balance of glutamate in the body and that the imbalance will result in adverse reactions. We find no research to support this theory.
We also hear from the FDA and the food industry that no one will react to less than three grams of MSG. Yet, I, and many other people with whom I have communicated, have reacted to almost immeasurably small amounts of MSG. A high percentage of MSG-sensitive people will react to Accent, a brand of pure monosodium glutamate, and to canned soups. The amount of MSG per serving of Accent is one half gram, and the commercial soups we have had tested had in the area of three quarters of a gram of MSG. We have found no products on grocers' shelves that have as much as three grams of MSG per serving.
The fact is that everyone is different. People with allergies and/or sensitivities vary in their tolerances for offending substances. It is understandable that some will react to minute amounts.
The Expert Committee of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) released an FDA funded study dated July, 1995 in which they stated that they found "scientifically verifiable evidence" that plus or minus 3 grams of MSG in the absence of food was needed to cause an MSG reaction. This conclusion was based on a study that used 3 grams of MSG(25). The fact is that the FASEB study did not reference any study that attempted to determine the lowest level of MSG that would cause an adverse reaction. To our knowledge, there is no such study in the literature, and, again, we know of no processed food on grocers' shelves that has as much as 3 grams of MSG per serving.
FASEB reached no conclusion relating to the cause of MSG reactions(25).
Although it is likely that there is more than one cause for MSG reactions, some people contend that an MSG sensitivity is due to a deficiency of vitamin B in the body. That theory may be good for the supplement industry, but there is no basis for that claim in the literature, and I know of no MSG-sensitive person who has resolved their MSG sensitivity by supplementing vitamin B. Some people, including two physicians I know, tried to take high levels of vitamin B for a period of time, and had no relief from their MSG sensitivities.
Another theory is that MSG affects the vagus nerve(26), a cranial nerve that has the most extensive distribution of the cranial nerves, affecting many body functions.
The Truth in Labeling Campaign has interacted with countless MSG-sensitive people over the years. It has been noted that MSG-sensitive people only react to free glutamic acid that has been freed from protein through a manufacturing process or through fermentation, providing that the amount of free glutamic acid exceeds their tolerances for MSG. Realizing that the glutamic acid in higher organisms is L-glutamic acid, and that any L-glutamic acid freed from protein through a manufacturing process or through fermentation will be accompanied by unwanted by-products, called contaminants, we theorize that it is one or more of the contaminants produced in the freeing of glutamic acid from protein prior to digestion that may be causing the adverse reactions that people experience. Further discussion of this subject will be found at www.truthinlabeling.org/manufac.html.
Now, another theory as to why people experience MSG reactions has come to light. As explained above, we now know that there are glutamate receptors throughout the body. We also now know through the work of Purcell et al. regarding autism, that some people may have defects in the AMPA-type glutamate receptors(27). It may be possible that a defect in a glutamate receptor, or in the glutamate transport system, is responsible for adverse reactions.
Regardless of the mechanism or mechanisms that result in adverse reactions from MSG, it is evident from the countless reports received by the Truth in Labeling Campaign since 1994, that people who experience adverse reactions from MSG have varying reactions, but typically the same reaction each time they react. It is as if MSG finds the weak link in one's body.
It appears that once people experience an adverse reaction from MSG, they are MSG-sensitive from that point forward. Furthermore, it appears that once people become MSG-sensitive, their tolerance for MSG becomes less and less over time. It is almost as if overexposure to MSG destroys some protective mechanism in the body. Clearly, as the level of MSG increases in our food supply, more and more people are becoming MSG sensitive.
Any of the literature that we have found that contends that MSG is safe has
been produced by the glutamate industry or their agents. We can defend
our position that all of these studies are flawed to the point of being
worthless. Also, we have written proof in our files that most of the
double-blind studies utilized aspartame in placebos. Aspartame is a sweetener
that will duplicate the reactions from MSG in most people, providing that they
ingest amounts that exceed their tolerances for MSG and/or aspartame.
About 40% of aspartame is aspartic acid. Neuroscientists have found, in
animal studies, that aspartic acid and glutamic acid act in the same manner in
the brain, and will act in an additive fashion(28).
Based on our interaction with MSG/aspartame sensitive people over the past 18
years, those who react to MSG typically react similarly to aspartame and
aspartame sensitive people typically react similarly to MSG.
The most recent glutamate industry study on monosodium glutamate found no difference between reactions of subjects fed monosodium glutamate and subjects fed something called a placebo. Initially the study used aspartame in placebos, but presumably the placebos were modified after disclosure of that fact. It wasn't that no one reacted to the monosodium glutamate in the modified placebo study. It was because there were as many reactions to the placebo as there were to the monosodium glutamate that the study authors concluded that monosodium glutamate is safe. The modified placebo described in the research report contained hidden MSG. The FDA, didn't seem to be concerned and continues to rely on such studies as proof that MSG is safe.
There are numerous scientific studies that link MSG to some very serious and debilitating medical conditions. One has only to review studies involving monosodium glutamate or glutamic acid, and you will be shocked to see the number of medical conditions linked to this neurotoxin. You will also be disappointed in our federal agencies such as the FDA, USDA, EPA and CDC for their lack of action on the MSG issue.
Today, it is easy to access such studies at MEDLINE, a comprehensive source of life sciences and biomedical bibliographic information, with nearly eleven million records. It is available through the National Library of Medicine at www.pubmed.gov.
I could list evidence of the many medical conditions associated with glutamic acid, but for purposes of this paper, I shall only give you some idea of its effect on the health of our nation. Glutamic acid is associated with the recent increases in neurodegenerative disease. It has been linked to Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis, and Huntington's Disease. Research links MSG to migraine headaches, heart irregularities, seizures, asthma, sudden death of young athletes, ADD, ADHD, and more. There appears to be no question that MSG is the main contributor to the obesity epidemic, primarily due to the brain damage that MSG causes, and there is growing evidence that it is the probable cause for the diabetes epidemic, and the high incidence of autism. A recent study by He et al. also confirms that daily use of MSG will lead to weight gain.
MSG, in my opinion, is the cause of the epidemic of irritable bowel syndrome, and before long, will be shown to be directly related to neurodegenerative diseases.
When asked to present this paper, I was asked about the effect of MSG on psychiatric conditions. One does not typically think of MSG as a trigger for psychiatric conditions. However, there is a clear link of glutamic acid to Schizophrenia, leading to the present development of a glutamate blocker for treatment of Schizophrenia.
One has to merely go back to a 1978 Letter to the Editor of the New England Journal of Medicine from Arthur D. Colman, M.D., a psychiatrist, to read of a reported psychiatric link to MSG ingestion. He reported that his wife "...became profoundly depressed, with drawn facies [appearance], motor slowing, doubt-ridden, gloomy fantasies, and occasional unprecipitated outbursts of rage" lasting for about two weeks following ingestion of MSG. He also noted acute MSG reactions in his nine year old son(29).
H. J. Roberts, M.D., author of many books on the dangers of aspartame, has stated that he analyzed 1,200 people that he treated for aspartame intolerance. He found the following:
Severe depression-------------------23%
Severe anxiety-----------------------17%
Extreme irritability-------------------16%
Marked personality change----------14%
Recent severe insomnia--------------14%
Severe aggravation of phobias------- 6%
Dr. Roberts also claimed that some of his patients exhibited Bipolar Disorder.
The Truth in Labeling Campaign has not kept statistics, but has received reports of similar reactions from MSG.
In an August 22, 2007 Press Release from the National Institutes of Mental Health, it was announced that the first study, conducted at Duke University, had been published "...directly linking OCD [Obsessive Compulsive Disorder]-like behaviors to abnormalities in the glutamate system in a specific brain circuit"(30).
Earlier this year, Newsweek published an article entitled "What Addicts Need" by Raina Kelley. This article regarding addictions, reported on two drugs, Campral and Vivitrol that are now being used for the treatment of alcoholism(31). Based on a discussion I had with a representative of the producer of Campral and the Web site of Vivitrol, these are glutamate blocking drugs that have had some success with the treatment of alcoholism. According to the individual I spoke with regarding Campral, chronic use of alcohol results in increased levels of glutamic acid in a portion of the brain due to an effect on glutamate receptors, excesses that are relieved through the use of their drug.
We have found that almost all MSG-sensitive people report a mood change from MSG. We have listed anxiety attacks, as reported by Dr. Roberts, as "anxiety and panic attacks." We are convinced that MSG disrupts sleep, and that many people experience severe exhaustion after ingesting MSG, a condition that is often misdiagnosed by some physicians as depression. We also receive reports of depression and rage.
There are additional reports of relatively common MSG-induced reactions reported to the Truth in Labeling Campaign that have led to a referral to a neurologist or psychiatrist. These include memory problems, disorientation, loss of balance, lethargy, slurred speech, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, and learning disorders.
It is also clear from media reports, studies by researchers, and reports of governmental agencies, that the incidence of many of the above listed conditions are increasing dramatically in our country.
It is of interest that pharmaceutical companies are actively developing glutamate blocking drugs. At present, there is a glutamate blocking drug, Namenda, that is actively being used to treat moderate to severe cases of Alzheimer's Disease. There is another glutamate blocking drug, Rilouzole (Rilutek), that is being used for ALS and Huntington's Disease; and a glutamate blocking drug will be introduced in the relatively near future for treatment of Schizophrenia.
It makes no sense at all that while the FDA is approving glutamate blocking drugs in one department of the agency, The FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition is busy approving food ingredients that contain MSG, and disregarding the mislabeling of MSG on many products.
I suggest that you should make every effort to avoid MSG and aspartame, especially if you are pregnant. It should be noted that even FASEB, in an FDA funded study dated July, 1992, entitled Safety of Amino Acids Used as Dietary Supplements stated that it would be prudent to avoid free glutamic acid in supplements for infants, children, pregnant women, women of child bearing age, and people with mood disorders. Although it is getting increasingly difficult to avoid MSG, it is still possible, but you will have to avoid almost all processed foods. A list of the most common sources of MSG in processed foods will be found at www.truthinlabeling.org/hiddensources.html. People with little tolerance for MSG should also refer to www.truthinlabeling.org/addendum.html.
Without question, MSG is causing a number of health problems in our country, and throughout the world. Because of the effects of MSG and the related costs, our government will eventually be forced to take action on the MSG issue. When this happens, even we who are familiar with the toxicity of MSG will be surprised to learn the extent of the health problems caused by MSG. The only question that remains is when will our government wake up and take action on the MSG issue. Lack of action is not an option. As Dr. Oz stated on the July 9, 2008 Oprah show: The next generation will have a lower life expectancy than that of their parents.
The fact that Ajinomoto, the worlds largest producer of monosodium glutamate, has contracted to market the MSG-substitute, Senomyx, in the USA and some other countries leads me to believe that they know the time is coming when their product will be banned, and controls placed on the use of hidden sources of MSG.
Unfortunately, Senomyx, the MSG replacement product, produced in a laboratory, appears to work in the body in the same way as does MSG, and it will be hidden in food under the label descriptor "artificial flavor" or "artificial flavoring." From my point of view, it has not been properly tested, and its use further indicates the weakness of our food regulatory agency, the FDA. Even though it is a chemical preparation, it will be used in food unchallenged by the FDA. Yet, if it were designated as a pharmaceutical, it would have taken up to 10 years or more to be approved, at a cost of over 100 million dollars.
The presence of MSG in processed foods must be disclosed on product labels.
Since one cannot expect to get the truth about food ingredients from food
companies and the FDA, it is imperative that the FDA require that all processed
foods, when introduced and/or when a recipe for an existing product is changed,
be analyzed for free glutamic acid, post production. If free glutamic
acid is found to be present in a processed product, the amount of free glutamic
acid should be disclosed on the food label as "MSG," with the amount present
stated in milligrams.
In the meantime, you can help to resolve the MSG issue by spreading the word of the toxicity of MSG and by writing your congressperson and senators in Washington to insist that something be done to fully disclose all free glutamic acid on the labels of all processed foods. It makes no sense at all that people are taking glutamate blocking drugs for the treatment of certain neurodegenerative diseases and addictions, and soon will be taking such drugs for Schizophrenia, when the Food and Drug Administration refuses to require the disclosure of free glutamic acid in processed foods.
Before closing, I would like to briefly cover one additional subject.
Many of you will have noted that I indicated a concern regarding fermented products, recognizing that many fermented products are recommended by The Weston A. Price Foundation. I should also state that the current most common method of making the food ingredient "monosodium glutamate" is described as bacterial fermentation.
When a food that contains protein is fermented prior to ingestion, the protein is broken down, at least in part, into its constituent amino acids and other nutrients. Therefore, the amino acids and nutrients are more quickly available to the body than if the food had to be digested or broken down in the body. The extent of the breakdown is dependent on the extent of the fermentation and the protein being fermented. The amino acids will invariably be accompanied by contaminants, some of which may be toxic to the body. In almost all cases, free glutamic acid will be the most prevalent amino acid that is freed.
I am exquisitely sensitive to MSG, with virtually no tolerance for it in any amount, and cannot tolerate any fermented foods. When younger, I did eat fermented products. However, for some reason, I developed a serious intolerance for MSG in its many forms, and could no longer tolerate any fermented foods. As discussed in this paper, maybe the overexposure of MSG and other toxins to my system damaged some important part of my system that should allow me to handle fermented foods.
The fact that The Weston A. Price Foundation invited me to speak, knowing my position on fermented foods, speaks to the integrity of your organization and the organization's interest and desire in sharing with you all views regarding the food we eat. I greatly appreciate this openness.
Good health.
1. www.truthinlabeling.org/manufac.html
2. Schwartz GR, In Bad Taste: The MSG Syndrome. New Mexico: Health Press, 1988, p6.
3. Blaylock RL. Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills. New Mexico: Health Press, 1995, p33.
4. Schwartz GR, In Bad Taste: The MSG Syndrome. New Mexico: Health Press, 1988, p8-10.
5. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006020308449
6. Kwok H, Letter to the Editor -Chinese Restaurant Syndrome, NEJM, May 16, 1968, 278: p796.
7. Olney JW. Brain Lesions, Obesity, and Other Disturbances in Mice Treated With Monosodium Glutamate. Science, 1969, 164: 719-21.
8. Reif Lehrer L. A Questionnaire Study of the Prevalence of Chinese Restaurant Syndrome. Fed. Proc, April 1975, 36(5): p1617-23.
9. Kenny and Tidball. Human Susceptibility to Oral Monosodium L-Glutamate Am J Clin Nutr, Feb 1972, 25(2): 140-6.
10. Yokose K, Hossein J. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG). CEH Report - www.sriconsulting.com/CEH/Public/Reports/543.6000. January, 2007.
11. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2201
12. http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?hypersensitivity
13. Davidson MW. Florida State University. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/aminoacids/index.html. Feb 26, 2004.Davidson MW. Florida State University. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/aminoacids/index.html. Feb 26, 2004.
14. Blaylock RL. Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills. New Mexico: Health Press, 1995, p42-45.
15 .Gill Santokh and Pulido Olga. Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue: Excitatory Transmission Outside the CNS, New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2005, p 18-19.
16. Choi, D. W. Glutamate Neural Toxicity in Cortical Cell Culture is Calcium Dependent, Nurosci Lett, 1985, 58:293-297.
17. Sattlr R and Tymianski M. Molecular Mechanisms of Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Excitotoxic Neuronal Cell Death, Molecular Neurobiolgy, Aug-Dec 2001: 24(1-3), p107-129.
18. Broadwell RD and Sofroniew MV. Serum Proteins Bypass the Blood-Brain Barriers for Extracellular Entry to the Central Nervous System, Exp Neurol,1993, 120: p245-263.
19. Blaylock RL. Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills. New Mexico: Health Press, 1995, p171.
20. Yu T, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Ma R, Yu L. Effects of Maternal Oral Administration of Monosodium Glutamate At A Late Stage of Pregnancy on Developing Mouse Fetal Brain, Brain Research, 747(2): 1997, p195-206.
21. Frieder B and Gimm VE. Prenatal Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) Treatment Given Through Mother's Diet Causes Behavioral Deficits in Rat Offspring. Intern J. Neurosci, 23: 1984, p117-126.
22. Said SI, Berisha, HI, and Pakbaz. Excitotoxicity in the Lung: N-methyl-D-aspartate Induced, Nitric Oxide-dependent, pulmonary edema is Attenuated by Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and by Inhibitors of Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 1996: USA 93, p4688-92.
23. Morrell CN, Sun H, Ikeda M, Beique JC, Swaim AM, Mason E, Martin TV, Thompson LE, Gozen O, Ampagoomian D, Sprengel R, Rothstein J, Faraday N, Huganir, R, Lowenstein CJ. Glutamate Mediates Platelet Activation Through the AMPA Receptor. J Exp Med, 2008 Mar 17; 205(3), p575-84.
24. Gill Santokh and Pulido Olga. Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue: Excitatory Transmission Outside the CNS, New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2005.
25. Analysis of Adverse Reactions to Monosodium Glutamate (MSG). Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), July, 1995.
26. Niijima A. Reflex Effects of Oral, Gastrointestinal an Hepatoportal Glutamate Sensors on Vagal Nerve Activity. J Nutr, Apr 2000: 130 (4S Suppl): p971 S-3S.
27. Purcell AE, Jeon OH, Zimmerman AW, Blue ME, Pevsner J. Postmortem Brain Abnormalities of the Glutamate Neurotransmitter System in Autism, Neurology, Nov 13, 2001: 57(9): p1618-28.
28. Olney JW, Ho O-L. Brain Damage in Infant Mice following Oral Intake of Glutamate, Aspartate or Cysteine, Nature, August 8, 1970: Vol 227, No. 5258: p609-10.
29. Colman AD. Possible Psychiatric Reactions to Monosodium Glutamate, NEJM, Oct 19, 1978: p902.
30. Feng G, Welch J, Jing L, Wetzel W, Calakos N. Gene Triggers Obsessive Compulsive Disorder-like Syndrome in Mice, Nature, Aug 23, 2007. (See http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/aug2007/nimh?22.htm)
31. http://www.newsweek.com/id/114716.


text:
About Me
I am Assistant Professor in the area of Organizational Communication at the Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences of the University of Twente, the Netherlands. In October 2015, I received my Ph.D. degree (Cum Laude) for my dissertation entitled "A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Mentoring Relationships at Work."
In my qualitative studies, I study how communication processes in organizations can contribute to employees' motivation and optimal functioning. I am especially interested into how work relationships and technology use can contribute to more fulfilling work environments. Therefore, I qualitatively explore topics including employee communication, basic need-fulfillment (coming from Self-Determination Theory), technology use and experience, and social practices surrounding technology use.
I study how employees' professional development, motivation, and thriving are affected by their organizational environment. My qualitative approaches focus on theory building in the context of self-determination theory and basic need-fulfillment in organizations.
During my Ph.D. research, I focused on the role of mentoring relationships and developmental networks in employees' professional development. Therefore, I interviewed protégés, mentors, dyads of mentors and protégés, and co-workers in their direct work environment. My studies showed how self-determination theory is a relevant framework for understanding mentoring processes. From a basic need-fulfillment perspective, my qualitative studies provided more insight into the role of need-fulfillment processes in interpersonal relationships. This resulted in several key publications in major journals in the fields of management and organizational behavior.
My current research focuses on understanding the ongoing impact of technologies on organizations. An important aspect is to understand the relevance of technology to employees and to examine how they experience those technologies and put them into practice. The question of how technologies can contribute to employees' basic need-fulfillment in work environments is central to my research interests.
UT Research Information System
Google Scholar Link
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Contact Details
Visiting Address
University of Twente
Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences
Cubicus (building no. 41), room C204
De Zul 10
7522NJ Enschede
The Netherlands
Mailing Address
University of Twente
Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences
Cubicus C204
P.O. Box 217
7500 AE Enschede
The Netherlands


text:
The Instigator
Pro (for)
0 Points
The Contender
Con (against)
0 Points
Resolved: The U.S. federal government should legalize and regulate marijuana for recreational use.
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|5 years ago
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Debate Rounds (4)
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Contention One: Economic. The legalization of marijuana in the United States will improve the GDP, create jobs, and shrink national debt. Subpoint A: Monetary. According to CNN, every gram of cannabis purchased by society would decrease the national debt by two dollars and forty-seven cents. While that might not sound like much, an estimated 24 million citizens purchasing taxed marijuana minus the costs of regulation and manufacturing would still produce an average of $3.4 billion of annual economic benefit. According to John Mearshiemer, in a crisis like the one that George Bush has created and Barack Obama has failed to noticeably fix, every dollar counts. Legalizing marijuana shrinks the deficit and therefore decreases the need for income taxes. Subpoint B: Legalizing marijuana creates jobs. According to USA Today, legalizing and regulating marijuana for recreational use could employ anywhere between 160,000 and 320,000 currently unemployed or under-empolyed individuals. With twenty-three million people currently out of work, the U.S. is morally obligated to enact programs that bring its citizens back to work in a way that is productive and beneficial for society. Subpoint C: Costs of imprisonment. It costs $47,000 to keep one prisoner in custody for one year. With 11% of current marijuana offenders in jail, the status quo not only prohibits economic growth but also promotes economic downturn. By legalizing marijuana, citizens will no longer be placed in custody, which will require fewer tax dollars from regular citizens.
Contention Two: Social. The status quo of keeping marijuana illegal increases other clandestine crime, such as rape and murder. Subpoint A: Focus of attention. By keeping marijuana illegal, police officers waste time and money searching for marijuana offenders. The problem is that these officers, instead of hunting down the murderers, rapers, and genuine offenders, are wasting time trying to find and punish people who really have not violated constitutional law, at least not at the level of the aforementioned offenders. Subpoint B: Violation of law. According to Richard Kloss, keeping the law against marijuana in place does not deter citizens from taking advantage of the black market. The Brookings Institute estimates that the black market is over half as large as the regular market would be if cannabis were legal. The Founding Fathers intended for citizens to adhere to the liberties and regulations given by the Constitution. This can only happen if law at least somewhat meets the desires and demands of society.
Contention Three: Fundamental rights. It makes rudimentary sense only to legalize marijuana as opposed to keeping it criminalized. Subpoint A: Freedom of choice. According to Harold Koh, it is not the responsibility or freedom of the government to decide what enters the lungs of American citizens. As long as there is no effect on other individuals, individuals must be moral actors for themselves in a fast-paced democracy like the one implemented in the United States today. In other words, there is no reason for people not to be able to do what they want as long as they are not harming other people. This is a concept universally shared among analysts and ordinary citizens. Subpoint B: Inconsistency. A recent analysis from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology notes that the effects of alcohol are substantially more dangerous than those of cannabis. Additionally, citizens have a right to smoke tobacco and other non-hash products. Even if marijuana were more dangerous than it actually is, the resolution says that regulations would be in place to mitigate these effects. There is no justification for having alcohol legal and regulated in a balanced country and not marijuana.
For economic, social, and fundamental reasons, please affirm.
Economic Benefit. No economic benefit has been established. The Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis, also an advocate of legalization, estimates that current U.S. production is around 20m pounds per year. At a street value of $1,600 per pound, that comes to a total current market of $32b per year. However, the size of this market depends entirely on the illegality of the product. Reason Magazine, another staunch advocate of legalization, estimates that if marijuana were legal, the price would fall to parity with tobacco at about $2 a pound. The Affirmative would thus take a $32b black market and decimated it to a $44m legal market. It is difficult to see this contraction as an engine of economic growth, or to credit any supposed corresponding gain in jobs.
The Affirmative suggests that the transition would swell the public coffers. But per the Concord Coalition, our national debt exceeds $16T. The federal deficit exceeds $2.6T. Even assuming a confiscatory 50% tax rate, the $32b current market would yield $16b in revenue " paying 0.1% of the debt; 0.62% of the deficit. A post-legalization $44m market, at 50% taxation, would yield $22m in revenue, which is a fraction of a rounding error. This proposal will do nothing of substance to ease our painful budgetary situation. The Affirmative has not met its burden to show the proposal would benefit either the economy or the fisc.
Resource Allocation. With respect, I would suggest reordering "Economic: Subpoint C: Costs of imprisonment," and "Social: Subpoint A: Focus of attention" into a new second category, Resource Allocation. Should we spend scarce resources on jailing marijuana users? On investigating marijuana-related crimes?
First, I would note that the proposition at bar need not pass to address these issues. Many things are illegal which do not give rise to long-term imprisonment imprisonment and its costs. People should not have a license to throw their trash in the street or park in a fire lane. We would not for an instant consider legalizing such behavior on cost grounds. For we recognize that the law has a great range of sanctions at its disposal, from tickets to points to fines (small or large) to classes to probation to short-term jailing. We need not choose between anarchy and the gulag.
Likewise, the fact that felonies exist does not compel us to abolish misdemeanor offenses. A policeman faced with a possible murder and a possible case of speeding should, of course, investigate the murder. A policewoman observing possible arson and possible marijuana possession should, of course, investigate the arson.
But the proposition at bar is not that recreational marijuana use should be subject to far reduced punishment, or that it should stand very low on the scale of law enforcement priorities. It is not that those imprisoned deserve clemency. The proposition at bar is that recreational use should be completely legal.
There is a link between drug use and more serious crimes. The federal Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that more than 24% of violent crimes are committed by someone who is using a drug at the time of the crime. This includes 16% of prisoners held for homicides and 14% of those held for rapes. Of those prisoners held on federal drug charges, 15% are also recidivists for violent crime. And 14% of the overall federal prison population was arrested while using marijuana.
The evidence does not support draconian penalties or commando enforcement against recreational marijuana users. But it does caution against making marijuana purely legal, such that it will be in the hands of corporate America to produce, promote, lobby for, and encourage. The Affirmative has not shown that the proposition would improve our resource allocation.
Democracy and Liberty. The Affirmative asserts that the law must "at least somewhat meet[] the desires and demands of society". This is true. And society, in a representative democracy, expresses its wishes through elected representatives. In the current Presidential election, Obama and Romney both oppose legalization, while Gary Johnson has made his support of legalization a banner issue. According to the most recent Reason-Rupe poll, Obama and Romney combine for more than 90% of the vote, and the legalization candidate can expect at most 6%. That hardly demonstrates a burning desire for legalization among the electorate.
The Affirmative states that, "As long as there is no effect on other individuals, individuals must be moral actors for themselves in a fast-paced democracy like the one implemented in the United States today." Yet, as noted in Daniel Carpenter"s "Reputation and Power: Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA," the Food and Drug Administration extensively reviews, approves, or blocks proposed products, and remains the best-liked and most widely approved of agency among the American public. The Affirmative suggests no reason people would expect a right to marijuana more than they have to experimental medicines or other substances deemed unsafe for consumption by the federal government.
Lastly, the Affirmative states that, "There is no justification for having alcohol legal and regulated in a balanced country and not marijuana." According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, excessive alcohol consumption costs the United States more than $220 million a year in losses in workplace productivity, health care expenses for problems caused by excessive drinking, law enforcement and other criminal justice expenses. The affirmative presents no valid reason to double down on this public health disaster.
Please do not affirm this proposition.
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Charlie's Angels (1976)
1 visible crew/equipment mistake in Marathon Angels
Starring: Cheryl Ladd, David Doyle, Jaclyn Smith, Kate Jackson
Visible crew/equipment: During the final chase, Jaclyn Smith's double stuntwoman is extremely evident. (00:43:45)Great_Captain
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Re: Susan A. Albritton
In reply to:
Susan A. Albritton
The Susan A. Albritton you are looking for is believed to be the daughter of Henry Albritton who moved to Lowndes County, GA in the mid 1820's from Laurens County, GA. William Albritton, a brother of Henry also moved to Lowndes County about the same time and he had a daughter named Susan A. Albritton who was born in Lowndes County in 1832. Also, a son of Henry's named Joseph Ellison Albritton had a daughter named Susan Ann Vesta Albritton. Henry had two daughters born in Laurens County, GA in 1808 and 1809 according to census records. I am a direct descendant of Henry and would be glad to furnish you with additional information. Please contact me at my E-Mail address.Bobby G. Albritton


text:
Merrimack teen accused of violating protective order for stalking victim
MERRIMACK - A 19-year-old from Merrimack was arrested Wednesday, charged with stalking in violation of a protective order.
Police say Ryan Mercier, of 9 Dwyer St., turned himself in to police after a warrant was issued for his arrest.
Police say he was held without bail, since bail is not permitted for someone accused of violating a protective order against stalking. Police say Mercier had contacted the subject of the protective order via computer when he was prohibited from doing so.
Mercier was arraigned on Thursday, police said.