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Just-world hypothesis
The just-world hypothesis or just-world fallacy is the cognitive bias (or assumption) that a person's actions are inherently inclined to bring morally fair and fitting consequences to that person, to the end of all noble actions being eventually rewarded and all evil actions eventually punished. In other words, the just-world hypothesis is the tendency to attribute consequences to—or expect consequences as the result of—a universal force that restores moral balance. This belief generally implies the existence of cosmic justice, destiny, divine providence, desert, stability, and/or order, and is often associated with a variety of fundamental fallacies, especially in regard to rationalizing people's suffering on the grounds that they "deserve" it.
The hypothesis popularly appears in the English language in various figures of speech that imply guaranteed negative reprisal, such as: "you got what was coming to you", "what goes around comes around", "chickens come home to roost", "everything happens for a reason", and "you reap what you sow". This hypothesis has been widely studied by social psychologists since Melvin J. Lerner conducted seminal work on the belief in a just world in the early 1960s.[1] Research has continued since then, examining the predictive capacity of the hypothesis in various situations and across cultures, and clarifying and expanding the theoretical understandings of just-world beliefs.[2]
- 1 Emergence
- 2 Early evidence
- 3 Theory
- 4 Alternatives
- 5 Additional evidence
- 6 Theoretical refinement
- 7 Correlates
- 8 Current research
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
Many philosophers and social theorists have observed and considered the phenomenon of belief in a just world, going back to at least as early as the Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus, writing circa 180 CE, who argued against this belief.[3] Lerner's work made the just-world hypothesis a focus of research in the field of social psychology.
Melvin LernerEdit
Lerner was prompted to study justice beliefs and the just-world hypothesis in the context of social psychological inquiry into negative social and societal interactions.[4] Lerner saw his work as extending Stanley Milgram's work on obedience. He sought to answer the questions of how regimes that cause cruelty and suffering maintain popular support, and how people come to accept social norms and laws that produce misery and suffering.[5]
Lerner's inquiry was influenced by repeatedly witnessing the tendency of observers to blame victims for their suffering. During his clinical training as a psychologist, he observed treatment of mentally ill persons by the health care practitioners with whom he worked. Although Lerner knew them to be kindhearted, educated people, they often blamed patients for the patients' own suffering.[6] Lerner also describes his surprise at hearing his students derogate (disparage, belittle) the poor, seemingly oblivious to the structural forces that contribute to poverty.[4] In a study on rewards, he observed that when one of two men was chosen at random to receive a reward for a task, that caused him to be more favorably evaluated by observers, even when the observers had been informed that the recipient of the reward was chosen at random.[7][8] Existing social psychological theories, including cognitive dissonance, could not fully explain these phenomena.[8] The desire to understand the processes that caused these phenomena led Lerner to conduct his first experiments on what is now called the just-world hypothesis.
Early evidenceEdit
In 1966, Lerner and his colleagues began a series of experiments that used shock paradigms to investigate observer responses to victimization. In the first of these experiments conducted at the University of Kansas, 72 female subjects were made to watch a confederate receiving electrical shocks under a variety of conditions. Initially, subjects were upset by observing the apparent suffering. But as the suffering continued and observers remained unable to intervene, the observers began to derogate the victim. Derogation was greater when the observed suffering was greater. But when subjects were told the victim would receive compensation for her suffering, subjects did not derogate the victim.[5] Lerner and colleagues replicated these findings in subsequent studies, as did other researchers.[7]
To explain these studies' findings, Lerner theorized that there was a prevalent belief in a just world. A just world is one in which actions and conditions have predictable, appropriate consequences. These actions and conditions are typically individuals' behaviors or attributes. The specific conditions that correspond to certain consequences are socially determined by a society's norms and ideologies. Lerner presents the belief in a just world as functional: it maintains the idea that one can influence the world in a predictable way. Belief in a just world functions as a sort of "contract" with the world regarding the consequences of behavior. This allows people to plan for the future and engage in effective, goal-driven behavior. Lerner summarized his findings and his theoretical work in his 1980 monograph The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion.[6]
Lerner hypothesized that the belief in a just world is crucially important for people to maintain for their own well-being. But people are confronted daily with evidence that the world is not just: people suffer without apparent cause. Lerner explained that people use strategies to eliminate threats to their belief in a just world. These strategies can be rational or irrational. Rational strategies include accepting the reality of injustice, trying to prevent injustice or provide restitution, and accepting one's own limitations. Non-rational strategies include denial, withdrawal, and reinterpretation of the event.[9]
There are a few modes of reinterpretation that could make an event fit the belief in a just world. One can reinterpret the outcome, the cause, and/or the character of the victim. In the case of observing the injustice of the suffering of innocent people, one major way to rearrange the cognition of an event is to interpret the victim of suffering as deserving.[1] Specifically, observers can blame victims for their suffering on the basis of their behaviors and/or their characteristics.[7] Much psychological research on the belief in a just world has focused on these negative social phenomena of victim blaming and victim derogation in different contexts.[2]
An additional effect of this thinking is that individuals experience less personal vulnerability because they do not believe they have done anything to deserve or cause negative outcomes.[2] This is related to the self-serving bias observed by social psychologists.[10]
Many researchers have interpreted just-world beliefs as an example of causal attribution. In victim blaming, the causes of victimization are attributed to an individual rather than to a situation. Thus, the consequences of belief in a just world may be related to or explained in terms of particular patterns of causal attribution.[11]
Veridical judgmentEdit
Others have suggested alternative explanations for the derogation of victims. One suggestion is that derogation effects are based on accurate judgments of a victim's character. In particular, in relation to Lerner's first studies, some have hypothesized that it would be logical for observers to derogate an individual who would allow himself to be shocked without reason.[12] A subsequent study by Lerner challenged this alternative hypothesis by showing that individuals are only derogated when they actually suffer; individuals who agreed to undergo suffering but did not were viewed positively.[13]
Guilt reductionEdit
Another alternative explanation offered for the derogation of victims early in the development of the just-world hypothesis was that observers derogate victims to reduce their own feelings of guilt. Observers may feel responsible, or guilty, for a victim's suffering if they themselves are involved in the situation or experiment. In order to reduce the guilt, they may devalue the victim.[14][15][16] Lerner and colleagues claim that there has not been adequate evidence to support this interpretation. They conducted one study that found derogation of victims occurred even by observers who were not implicated in the process of the experiment and thus had no reason to feel guilty.[7]
Discomfort reductionEdit
Alternatively, victim derogation and other strategies may only be ways to alleviate discomfort after viewing suffering. This would mean that the primary motivation is not to restore a belief in a just world, but to reduce discomfort caused by empathizing. Studies have shown that victim derogation does not suppress subsequent helping activity and that empathizing with the victim plays a large role when assigning blame. According to Ervin Staub,[17] devaluing the victim should lead to lesser compensation if restoring belief in a just world was the primary motive; instead, there is virtually no difference in compensation amounts whether the compensation precedes or follows devaluation. Psychopathy has been linked to the lack of just-world maintaining strategies, possibly due to dampened emotional reactions and lack of empathy.[18]
Additional evidenceEdit
After Lerner's first studies, other researchers replicated these findings in other settings in which individuals are victimized. This work, which began in the 1970s and continues today, has investigated how observers react to victims of random calamities like traffic accidents, as well as rape and domestic violence, illnesses, and poverty.[1] Generally, researchers have found that observers of the suffering of innocent victims tend to both derogate and blame victims for their suffering. Observers thus maintain their belief in a just world by changing their cognitions about the victims' character.[19]
In the early 1970s, social psychologists Zick Rubin and Letitia Anne Peplau developed a measure of belief in a just world.[20] This measure and its revised form published in 1975 allowed for the study of individual differences in just-world beliefs.[21] Much of the subsequent research on the just-world hypothesis used these measurement scales.
These studies on victims of violence, illness, and poverty and others like them have provided consistent support for the link between observers' just-world beliefs and their tendency to blame victims for their suffering.[1] As a result, the existence of the just-world hypothesis as a psychological phenomenon has become widely accepted.
Researchers have looked at how observers react to victims of rape and other violence. In a formative experiment on rape and belief in a just world by Linda Carli and colleagues, researchers gave two groups of subjects a narrative about interactions between a man and a woman. The description of the interaction was the same until the end; one group received a narrative that had a neutral ending and the other group received a narrative that ended with the man raping the woman. Subjects judged the rape ending as inevitable and blamed the woman in the narrative for the rape on the basis of her behavior, but not her characteristics.[22] These findings have been replicated repeatedly, including using a rape ending and a 'happy ending' (a marriage proposal).[2][23]
Other researchers have found a similar phenomenon for judgments of battered partners. One study found that observers' labels of blame of female victims of relationship violence increase with the intimacy of the relationship. Observers blamed the perpetrator only in the most significant[clarification needed] case of violence, in which a male struck an acquaintance.[24]
Researchers have employed the just-world hypothesis to understand bullying. Given other research on beliefs in a just world, it would be expected that observers would derogate and blame bullying victims, but the opposite has been found: individuals high in just-world belief have stronger anti-bullying attitudes.[25] Other researchers have found that strong belief in a just world is associated with lower levels of bullying behavior.[26] This finding is in keeping with Lerner's understanding of belief in a just world as functioning as a "contract" that governs behavior.[6] There is additional evidence that belief in a just world is protective of the well-being of children and adolescents in the school environment,[27] as has been shown for the general population.
Other researchers have found that observers judge sick people as responsible for their illnesses. One experiment showed that persons suffering from a variety of illnesses were derogated on a measure of attractiveness more than healthy individuals were. In comparison to healthy people, victim derogation was found for persons presenting with indigestion, pneumonia, and stomach cancer. Moreover, derogation was found to be higher for those suffering from more severe illnesses, except for those presenting with cancer.[28] Stronger belief in a just world has also been found to correlate with greater derogation of AIDS victims.[29]
More recently, researchers have explored how people react to poverty through the lens of the just-world hypothesis. Strong belief in a just world is associated with blaming the poor, with weak belief in a just world associated with identifying external causes of poverty including world economic systems, war, and exploitation.[30][31]
The self as victimEdit
Some research on belief in a just world has examined how people react when they themselves are victimized. An early paper by Dr. Ronnie Janoff-Bulman found that rape victims often blame their own behavior, but not their own characteristics, for their victimization.[32] It was hypothesized that this may be because blaming one's own behavior makes an event more controllable.
Theoretical refinementEdit
Subsequent work on measuring belief in a just world has focused on identifying multiple dimensions of the belief. This work has resulted in the development of new measures of just-world belief and additional research.[2] Hypothesized dimensions of just-world beliefs include belief in an unjust world,[33] beliefs in immanent justice and ultimate justice,[34] hope for justice, and belief in one's ability to reduce injustice.[35] Other work has focused on looking at the different domains in which the belief may function; individuals may have different just-world beliefs for the personal domain, the sociopolitical domain, the social domain, etc.[29] An especially fruitful distinction is between the belief in a just world for the self (personal) and the belief in a just world for others (general). These distinct beliefs are differentially associated with positive mental health.[36]
Researchers have used measures of belief in a just world to look at correlates of high and low levels of belief in a just world.
Limited studies have examined ideological correlates of the belief in a just world. These studies have found sociopolitical correlates of just-world beliefs, including right-wing authoritarianism and the Protestant work ethic.[a positive or negative correlation?][37][38] Studies have also found belief in a just world to be correlated with aspects of religiousness.[39][40]
Studies of demographic differences, including gender and racial differences, have not shown systematic differences, but do suggest racial differences, with blacks and African Americans having the lowest levels of belief in a just world.[41][42]
The development of measures of just-world beliefs has also allowed researchers to assess cross-cultural differences in just-world beliefs. Much research conducted shows that beliefs in a just world are evident cross-culturally. One study tested beliefs in a just world of students in 12 countries. This study found that in countries where the majority of inhabitants are powerless, belief in a just world tends to be weaker than in other countries.[43] This supports the theory of the just-world hypothesis because the powerless have had more personal and societal experiences that provided evidence that the world is not just and predictable.[44][clarification needed]
Belief in unjust world has been linked to increased self-handicapping, criminality, defensive coping, anger and perceived future risk. It[clarification needed] may also serve as ego-protective belief for certain individuals by justifying maladaptive behavior.[2][45][46]
Current researchEdit
Positive mental health effectsEdit
Although much of the initial work on belief in a just world focused on its negative social effects, other research suggests that belief in a just world is good, and even necessary, for mental health.[47] Belief in a just world is associated with greater life satisfaction and well-being and less depressive affect.[36][48] Researchers are actively exploring the reasons why the belief in a just world might have this relationship to mental health; it has been suggested that such beliefs could be a personal resource or coping strategy that buffers stress associated with daily life and with traumatic events.[49] This hypothesis suggests that belief in a just world can be understood as a positive illusion.[50]
Some studies also show that beliefs in a just world are correlated with internal locus of control.[21] Strong belief in a just world is associated with greater acceptance of and less dissatisfaction with negative events in one's life.[49] This may be one way in which belief in a just world affects mental health. Others have suggested that this relationship holds only for beliefs in a just world for oneself. Beliefs in a just world for others are related instead to the negative social phenomena of victim blaming and victim derogation observed in other studies.[51]
International researchEdit
More than 40 years after Lerner's seminal work on belief in a just world, researchers continue to study the phenomenon. Work continues primarily in the United States, Europe, Australia, and Asia.[8] Researchers in Germany have contributed disproportionately to recent research.[4] Their work resulted in a volume edited by Lerner and German researcher Leo Montada titled Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World.[52]
See alsoEdit
- ^ a b c d Lerner, M.J. & Montada, L. (1998). An Overview: Advances in Belief in a Just World Theory and Methods, in Leo Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World (1–7). Plenum Press: New York.
- ^ a b c d e f Furnham, Adrian (2003). "Belief in a just world: research progress over the past decade". Personality and Individual Differences. 34 (5): 795–817. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00072-7.
- ^ Sextus Empiricus, "Outlines of Pyrrhonism", Book 1, Chapter 13, Section 32
- ^ a b c Montada, L. & Lerner, M.J. (1998). Preface, in Leo Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World (pp. vii–viii). Plenum Press: New York.
- ^ a b Lerner, M.; Simmons, C. H. (1966). "Observer's Reaction to the 'Innocent Victim': Compassion or Rejection?" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 4 (2): 203–210. doi:10.1037/h0023562. PMID 5969146.
- ^ a b c Lerner (1980). The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion. Plenum: New York.
- ^ a b c d Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85(5), 1030–1051
- ^ a b c Maes, J. (1998) Eight Stages in the Development of Research on the Construct of BJW?, in Leo Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World (pp. 163–185). Plenum Press: New York.
- ^ Reichle, B; Schmitt, M (2002). Helping and rationalization as alternative strategies for restoring the belief in a just world: Evidence from longitudinal change analysis. p. 127-148.
- ^ Linden, M. & Maercker, A. (2011) Embitterment: Societal, psychological, and clinical perspectives. Wien: Springer.
- ^ Howard, J. (1984). Societal influences on attribution: Blaming some victims more than others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(3), 494–505.
- ^ Godfrey, B. & Lowe, C. (1975). Devaluation of innocent victims: An attribution analysis within the just world paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 944–951.
- ^ Lerner, M.J. (1970). The desire for justice and reactions to victims. In J. Macaulay & L. Berkowitz (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior (pp. 205–229). New York: Academic Press.
- ^ Davis, K. & Jones, E. (1960). Changes in interpersonal perception as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 402–410.
- ^ Glass, D. (1964). Changes in liking as a means of reducing cognitive discrepancies between self-esteem and aggression. Journal of Personality, 1964, 32, 531–549.
- ^ Cialdini, R. B., Kenrick, D. T., & Hoerig, J. H. (1976). Victim derogation in the Lerner paradigm: Just world or just justification? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33(6), 719–724.
- ^ Staub, Ervin (1978). Positive Social Behavior and Morality: Social and Personal Influences, Volume 1. Academic Press Inc. pp. 169–170. ISBN 978-0-12-663101-2. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ Hafer, Carolyn L.; Bègue, Laurent; Choma, Becky L.; Dempsey, Julie L. (2005). "Belief in a Just World and Commitment to Long-Term Deserved Outcomes" (PDF). Social Justice Research. 18 (4): 429–444. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.507.4227. doi:10.1007/s11211-005-8569-3. Archived from the original on 2013-12-28.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ^ Reichle, B., Schneider, A., & Montada, L. (1998). How do observers of victimization preserve their belief in a just world cognitively or actionally? In L. Montada & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in a just world (pp. 55–86). New York: Plenum.
- ^ Rubin, Z. & Peplau, A. (1973). Belief in a just world and reactions to another's lot: A study of participants in the national draft lottery. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 73–93.
- ^ a b Rubin, Z. & Peplau, L.A. (1975). Who believes in a just world? Journal of Social Issues, 31, 65–89.
- ^ Janoff-Bulman, R., Timko, C., & Carli, L. L. (1985). Cognitive biases in blaming the victim. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(2), 161–177.
- ^ Carli, L. L. (1999). Cognitive Reconstruction, Hindsight, and Reactions to Victims and Perpetrators. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(8), 966–979.
- ^ Summers, G., & Feldman, N. S. (1984). Blaming the victim versus blaming the perpetrator:An attributional analysis of spouse abuse. Symposium A Quarterly Journal In Modern Foreign Literatures, 2(4), 339–347.
- ^ Fox, C. L., Elder, T., Gater, J., & Johnson, E. (2010). The association between adolescents' beliefs in a just world and their attitudes to victims of bullying. The British journal of educational psychology, 80(Pt 2), 183–98.
- ^ Correia, I., & Dalbert, C. (2008). School Bullying. European Psychologist, 13(4), 248254.
- ^ Correia, I., Kamble, S. V., & Dalbert, C. (2009). Belief in a just world and well-being of bullies, victims and defenders: a study with Portuguese and Indian students. Anxiety, stress, and coping, 22(5), 497–508.
- ^ Gruman, J. C., & Sloan, R. P. (1983). Disease as Justice: Perceptions of the Victims of Physical Illness. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 4(1), 39–46.
- ^ a b Furnham, A. & Procter, E. (1992). Sphere-specific just world beliefs and attitudes to AIDS. Human Relations, 45, 265–280.
- ^ Harper, D. J., Wagstaff, G. F., Newton, J. T., & Harrison, K. R. (1990). Lay causal perceptions of third world poverty and the just world theory. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 18(2), 235–238. Scientific Journal Publishers.
- ^ Harper, D. J., & Manasse, P. R. (1992). The Just World and the Third World: British explanations for poverty abroad. The Journal of social psychology, 6. Heldref Publications.
- ^ Janoff-Bulman, R. (1979). Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: inquiries into depression and rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(10), 1798–809.
- ^ Dalbert, C.; Lipkus, I.; Sallay, H.; Goch, I. (2001). "A just and unjust world: Structure and validity of different world beliefs". Personality and Individual Differences. 30 (4): 561–577. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00055-6.
- ^ Maes, J. (1998). Immanent justice and ultimate justice: two ways of believing in justice. In L. Montada, & M. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in a just world (pp. 9–40). New York: Plenum Press.
- ^ Mohiyeddini, C., & Montada, L. (1998). BJW and self-efficacy in coping with observed victimization. In L. Montada, & M. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in the just world (pp. 43–53). New York: Plenum.
- ^ a b Lipkus, I. M., Dalbert, C., & Siegler, I. C. (1996). The Importance of Distinguishing the Belief in a Just World for Self Versus for Others: Implications for Psychological Well-Being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(7), 666–677.
- ^ Lambert, A. J., Burroughs, T., & Nguyen, T. (1999). Perceptions of risk and the buffering hypothesis: The role of just world beliefs and right wing authoritarianism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(6), 643–656.
- ^ Furnham, A. & Procter, E. (1989). Belief in a just world: review and critique of the individual difference literature. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 365–384.
- ^ Bègue, Laurent (2002). "Beliefs in justice and faith in people: just world, religiosity and interpersonal trust". Personality and Individual Differences. 32 (3): 375–382. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00224-5.
- ^ "Causal attributions for uncontrollable negative events". Cite journal requires
- ^ Calhoun, L., & Cann, A. (1994). Differences in assumptions about a just world: ethnicity and point of view. Journal of Social Psychology, 134, 765–770.
- ^ Hunt, M. (2000). Status, religion, and the belief in a just world: comparing African Americans, Latinos, and Whites. Social Science Quarterly, 81, 325–343.
- ^ Furnham, A. (1993). Just world beliefs in twelve societies. Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 317–329.
- ^ Furnham, A. (1992). Relationship knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS. Psychological Reports, 71, 1149–1150.
- ^ Lench, Chang (2007). "Belief in an Unjust World: When Beliefs in a Just World Fail". Journal of Personality Assessment. 89 (2): 126–135. doi:10.1080/00223890701468477. PMID 17764390.
- ^ Dolinski, Dariusz (1996). "The belief in an unjust world: An egotistic delusion". Social Justice Research. 9 (3): 213–221. doi:10.1007/BF02197248.
- ^ Dalbert, C. (2001). The justice motive as a personal resource: dealing with challenges and critical life events. New York: Plenum.
- ^ Ritter, C., Benson, D. E., & Snyder, C. (1990). Belief in a just world and depression. Sociological Perspective, 25, 235–252.
- ^ a b Hafer, C., & Olson, J. (1998). Individual differences in beliefs in a just world and responses to personal misfortune. In L. Montada, & M. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in the just world (pp. 65–86). New York: Plenum.
- ^ Taylor, S.E., & Brown, J. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193–210.
- ^ Sutton, Robbie M.; Douglas, Karen M. (2005). "Justice for all, or just for me? More evidence of the importance of the self-other distinction in just-world beliefs". Personality and Individual Differences. 39 (3): 637–645. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.010.
- ^ Montada, L. & Lerner, M. (Eds.) (1998) Responses to victimizations and belief in the just world. New York: Plenum.
Further readingEdit
- Hafer, C. L.; Bègue (2005). "Experimental research on just-world theory: problems, developments, and future challenges" (PDF). Psychological Bulletin. 131 (1): 128–167. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.524.1990. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.128. PMID 15631556.
- Hafer, Carolyn L.; Rubel, Alicia N. (2015). "The Why and How of Defending Belief in a Just World". Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 51. pp. 41–96. doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2014.09.001. ISBN 9780128022740.
- Lerner, Melvin J. (1980). The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion. Perspectives in Social Psychology. New York: Plenum Press. ISBN 978-0-306-40495-5.
- Montada, Leo; Lerner, Melvin J. (1998). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World. Critical Issues in Social Justice. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6418-5. ISBN 978-0-306-46030-2.
- Rubin, Z.; Peplau, L. A. (1975). "Who believes in a just world?" (PDF). Journal of Social Issues. 31 (3): 65–90. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1975.tb00997.x. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) Reprinted (1977) in Reflections, XII(1), 1–26.
- Rubin, Z.; Peplau, L. A. (1973). "Belief in a just world and reactions to another's lot: A study of participants in the national draft lottery" (PDF). Journal of Social Issues. 29 (4): 73–94. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1973.tb00104.x. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)


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Editor's note: In early July, Corwin Cole checked in from the World Series of Poker in Las Vegas, where he was preparing to play in the Main Event.
So far at the 2014 World Series of Poker, I've cashed in three tournaments, and I feel razor-sharp in anticipation of the guaranteed $10 million first prize in the Main Event.
Along the way, I've revisited perhaps the most fundamental concept that differentiates tournament poker from cash games: the fact that each chip you have is more valuable than the next one you get.
To illuminate this idea, consider two players who are heads-up at the end of a tournament with a first prize of $500,000 and second place earning $350,000. Each player's stack, no matter how big or how small, is worth no more than the top prize and no less than runner-up money. If there are 10 million chips in play, and one competitor has 9 million while the other has just 1 million, the chip leader does not have nine times as much dollar value in front of him.
Mathematically, this phenomenon implies that pot odds are not linear in poker tournaments the way they are in cash games. When the pot is laying you 3-1 in a cash game, you simply need to win at least 25 percent of the time to show a long-term profit. In a tournament, however, 1,000 chips in the pot are worth less than the last 1,000 chips in your stack. So, even if the pot is laying you 3-1 directly, the actual odds, in realizable dollars, are often as bad as, say, 2-1.
Strategically, there is one major implication of this: The pressure you can apply to others is disproportionate to the amount of risk you take.
Take, for example, a hand I recently played in a $1,500-buy-in no-limit hold 'em event. With blinds at 500-1,000 and a 100 ante, action folded to my opponent on the button, who had been playing very tight and began the hand with about 14,000 in his stack. He raised to 2,100. For multiple reasons, including his body language, I was confident he didn't want to play a big pot just now, so I reraised to 5,300 from the small blind with Kc 6h. The big blind folded and the button called.
When the flop came As Ah 3d, I made a small continuation bet of just 3,700 — less than 30 percent of the pot and substantially less than the amount of my previous bet. With fewer than 9,000 chips remaining, he had very limited options at this point. He would have to decide whether he wanted to risk his tournament life now or survive to see another hand. He took the safe route and folded.
Since I had started the hand with over 50,000, I was able to impose a significant threat on my opponent at very little cost to myself. These high-pressure "underbets" are among the many powerful strategies that propel successful tournament players to final tables while overly mechanical players bust out early.
Be sure to remember the true value, both financial and psychological, of every chip, and you can leverage this awareness to crush weaker players.
Corwin Cole is a poker coach whose instructional videos can be found at CardRunners.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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|Yamaha RX-V663 AV Receiver
|Tuesday, 03 February 2009
Page 1 of 2My home theater hobby started when buying my first independent receiver, the Sony STR-DG 810. This was a simple starter receiver for me because it would pass audio and video through HDMI. As I played around with the settings more and more, I realized I was not happy with the way everything sounded; bass was somewhat lacking and the frequency response was flat. I really required a receiver which could bit-stream all the new High Definition Audio codecs, such as Dolby TrueHD and DTS Master Audio, and give me greater control over the sound field. I eventually settled on the Yamaha RX-V663 receiver.
I have always been impressed with the products Yamaha has created, specifically their musical instruments, pianos in particular. Without intimate knowledge about their Home Theater products, I researched a few models and did from price comparisons. I came to the conclusion that the Yamaha V663 had all the features I was looking for and was also competitively priced at the time. I also had the option of taking this receiver home and testing it out within my own home theater setup before purchasing.
Equipment note: I tested out the functions of the receiver using Aperion 532lr speakers as the front speakers, Aperion 432C as my center speaker, Aperion 432lr speakers as rear speakers and a HSU STF-1 as my subwoofer. Video output is going to a PanasonicAX200U projector and a 1080p Panasonic TC-32LZ800.
The V663 is all black, with a fairly large shaped display in the front. The master volume knob is located on the far right, along with other small knobs to access different sources such as input devices (which are assignable from the setup menu). Everything is easy to see from my viewing distance, which is about 15 feet away. You can change settings to indicate how bright the display is or turn if off completely.
Setting up speakers to the receiver was a fairly straightforward process. Once I connected all my speakers using banana plugs (6.1 setup), I fired up the receiver. You have 2 options in setting up: you can either use the onscreen display settings menu from your video source such as your TV, or you can change settings using the front display on the receiver. Setting up is easier when viewing the TV. Using the remote which came with the receiver, I ended up using YPAO, which is Yamaha's automatic speaker setup utility.
By plugging the YPAO microphone into the front of the receiver, you can access the YPAO menu and let the receiver perform an auto-setup. I received fairly accurate results; a setting which wasn't tuned correctly was the crossover frequency, which I ended up changing manually (YPAO set my cross-over to 80Hz, which is too low for my speakers). I also had to correct my center speaker distance. Accessing options between the menus was easy and intuitive, especially configuring input devices. I set HDMI 1 to my PS3, HDMI 2 to my HD-DVD player and Component 1 to my XBOX 360 and renamed the inputs to match the devices I use.
I have seen some reports of the V663 being a little warm after using it for a while, but my unit never felt hot to the touch, and I also kept it outside which might have helped to keep it cool. Otherwise, the receiver never felt dangerously hot during its use.
The remote control for the receiver itself isn't terribly advanced, though it is built solidly and functioned the way it should. You can access any source by clicking on the appropriate button, and you can also rename the pre-assigned inputs i.e. I changed DVD to HD DVD and DTV/CBL to Blu-ray via accessing the customization functions within the main menu. To access the main menu, you need to press the AMP button, and from there can access each of the sub-menus. Unfortunately, the controller itself is not backlit, so it's difficult to operate in the dark.


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Wine is the theme right now at Wit & Wisdom, inside the Four Seasons Baltimore, and assistant general manager Justin Yu, 27, has been there to oversee it all.
As part of Baltimore's 10-day Winter Wine Celebration, which concludes on Sunday, Wit & Wisdom has been offering specials and events, along with more than 20 other restaurants.
Yu, a native of Fremont, Calif., relocated to Harbor East in May after working for Four Seasons in Santa Barbara, Calif., and Seattle.
"Winter Wine Celebration is a great way for people to explore the sometimes unknown and vast world of wine," he said. "Sometimes wine is intimidating, and we want to make it less so."
On Saturday, Wit & Wisdom's sommeliers will lead a class on how to skim a wine list and pick the right wine. There is also a daily "Cellar Raid," offering wines that are not usually available by the glass.
Yu turned his thoughts away from wine for a moment to talk about his new home, his habit of Instagramming pictures of all his meal and more.
Worst pet peeve? Rude people
What song are you hating/loving right now? Loving: "Home," Phillip Phillips; "Some Nights," fun.; anything Mumford and Sons. (Not) Hating: I love all music, but I have to say, not a huge fan of "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together," by Taylor Swift.
Last concert/gig you went to? Haven't been to a concert recently, but if it counts, "Bubba" killed it at Cat's Eye Pub last time I was there!
Your worst habit? Taking pictures of everything I eat, before anyone can touch it and ruin it! Also, constantly being on my phone at the dinner table Instagramming or Facebooking said pictures.
Favorite wine? I love a big, bold, juicy red like The Prisoner by Orin Swift of Rutherford, Calif.
Trend that has exceeded its natural lifespan? Calling everything "hipster."
TV shows you can't get enough of? "How I Met Your Mother," "House of Cards," "Revenge," "The Amazing Race."
Last great meal you had? Hersh's, a fun, casual place with delicious food and tasty cocktails.
Best/worst thing about your job? Best thing: talking with guests, making memories. Worst thing: when someone is disappointed.
Favorite and most loathed fashion statements? Favorites: awesome shoes, the return of the well-dressed gentleman, patterned socks. Loathed: Uggs and miniskirts, flannel.
Favorite place to get a drink in Baltimore? My neighborhood joint: Palmere's. Wine: Cinghiale. Cocktail: Rye. Martini: Charleston.
Any interesting situations you've had to deal with as manager? Every day is a new day and a new set of interesting situations. I'm just along for the ride!
Best advice you ever got? Always go with your gut instinct
Favorite thing about Baltimore? Change. So much change is happening and now there are so many great places to eat, drink and hang out. I've only lived here since May and it's changed so much even since then!


text:
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If you aren't completely satisfied with your purchase of a qualifying professional saw, simply return it to the Husqvarna dealer where you bought it within 7 days of purchase for a full refund or exchange.*
*Terms and conditions apply. Valid at your local participating Husqvarna Servicing Dealer only. Please be sure to call or visit your local dealer for more information.
The MSRP provided herein is for reference purposes only and may be different for products sold in California, Alaska and Hawaii. Actual retail prices are established by the applicable re-seller.
Your personal selections from our range of products.


text: At Deepthroat Frenzy, you can bet your dick will get the greatest boner ever! As long as you love watching stunning girls eating entire cocks, this is a site you will fall in love with! Sometimes we wonder how they can stuff these huge dicks in there but that's their problem! Bukkake, interracial, we have many different niches available but one thing is sure - all the babes will deepthroat like pros!


text:
Controversial shock jock Anthony Cumia, who rose to fame as co-host of the "Opie & Anthony" radio show, was arrested on strangulation and assault charges on Long Island, police said Sunday.
Cumia, 54, was at his Roslyn Heights home around 11 a.m. ET Saturday when he got into an argument with a 26-year-old woman that turned violent, according to Nassau County police. He was arrested Saturday morning on charges of strangulation, assault, criminal mischief and unlawful imprisonment.
"Mr. Cumia emphatically denies the allegations brought against him, and is optimistic that when the truth comes out, he will be exonerated," Cumia's attorney, Alan Schwartz, said in a statement. "Simply put, things are not always what they appear to be, and this case is a perfect example of that."
Cumia pleaded not guilty at his arraignment Sunday and was released without bail. An order of protection requires him to stay away from the woman.
The radio personality has been hosting his own online show since last year, after he was fired for what satellite radio company SiriusXM called a hate-filled Twitter rant.
The company fired him from the show after he expressed his outrage at a woman he said punched him in the face on a New York street. His tweets used an expletive degrading to women, and SiriusXM called them "racially charged." The woman he encountered is black.
At the time, Cumia said he used words like "animal" and "savage" to describe people who resort to violence, not people of a certain race. He said the tweets echoed the way he had spoken on the radio for years, and he refused to apologize.


text: 47% OFF AMBRA 7008A - STEEL Old Price NZD $95.00 Special Price NZD $50.00 STOCK CLEARANCE SALE Dimension : 400 X 400 X 170mm Material : Ceramic Colour : High Gloss Steel Pop-Up Waste sold separately for $20 • Item collection is from Manukau. • We can also arrange delivery to most parts of New Zealand. If you would like us to arrange delivery for you, we will quote freight independently. • We do our best to dispatch all available products within 48 hours of confirmed payment. If you have not received your order in 7 days after you have made your payment, please notify us and we will track it for you. Product Safety Details This product meets all NZ standards and is of the very best quality. Add to Wishlist Related Products COUNTER TOP BASIN 40297 NZD $120.00 40% OFF BASIN ALEXIA CORNER BASIN BLACK Old Price NZD $50.00 NZD $30.00 28% OFF BASIN 4165A WALL HUNG Old Price NZD $90.00 NZD $65.00 38% OFF BASIN 4566 COUNTER TOP Old Price NZD $80.00 NZD $50.00 31% OFF BASIN 4256 COUNTER TOP Old Price NZD $65.00 NZD $45.00 36% OFF BASIN 4161 COUNTER TOP Old Price NZD $70.00 NZD $45.00 29% OFF AMBRA 5004 BLACK Old Price NZD $85.00 NZD $60.00 43% OFF BASIN EVA COUNTER TOP Old Price NZD $70.00 NZD $40.00


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Groupon Shares Dive 25% on Earnings Miss
Groupon Inc.'s stock fell more than 25% after the daily-deals company reported a wide quarterly loss in what was a worse-than-expected performance. WSJ's Evelyn Rusli discusses Groupon's challenges and the pressure CEO Andrew Mason is facing. (Photo: Getty Images)
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... investors are not buying Groupon's DL alone novel inversely with Washington on sentences go ... shares of Groupon plunged more than twenty five percent in after hours trading ... after the daily deal site said its loss widened in the fourth quarter ... to eighty one million in revenues were up though about thirty percent ... I just got off the earnings call in the company noted that the Alinta was up to one point five ... billion ... not amount the company Claxton what he's it's March ... at the same time analysts and investors are worried about a soft outlook for the first quarter ... in March ... for group on the margins were under pressure for two reasons ... the company's Goods business the products it sells directly to consumers like jewelry and electronics ... became a larger share of its business and at a lower margin business ... on top of that Groupon's executives said that they hop on for merchants ... special promotions to get its high frequency of ... and while more businesses signed up ... it also took away from the mountain but typically class twenty oh ... one analyst I spoke with said the extent that his emotions can be a troubling sign Groupon's ... says it could mean that it is losing its leverage with retailers ... now the results could weigh heavily on CEO Andrew Mason ... the thirty year-old chief executive has been under pressure ... since Japan has gone public and many believe ... he may be losing his job this year ... its financials ...


text:
Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 36, No. 36, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 17, 1982
Description: Weekly newspaper from Rio Grande City, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: June 17, 1982
Creator: Mathis, Dora Barrera
Item Type: Refine your search to only Newspaper
Partner: Rio Grande City Public Library


text:
3 Item(s)
The Gift and Paper Company is a reputable company based in Singapore and Malaysia that deals on corporate gifts and customized gifts. We have been in the business of selling and distributing wholesale gifts for years. We have the widest selections of premium gifts which you are sure to make a good impression on your clients, customers or employees.


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ABOVE: Herminio Coloma, Presidential Communications Secretary, says the Filipino government is dedicated to stamping out human trafficking.
LONDON – Child abuse investigators in Britain, the United States and Australia have dismantled an organized crime group that live-streamed child sexual abuse to order from the Philippines.
Britain's National Crime Agency said Thursday that an international investigation broke up the ring, resulting in 29 arrests people in 12 countries who had paid to watch the abuse.
Police describe the use of webcams to stream live child abuse – especially from developing countries – as a "significant and emerging threat."
"This investigation has identified some extremely dangerous child sexual offenders who believed paying for children to be abused to order was something they could get away with," said Andy Baker, the deputy director of the agency's command for child protection. "Being thousands of miles away makes no difference to their guilt. In my mind they are just as responsible for the abuse of these children as the contact abusers overseas."
The investigation began after a routine visit to Timothy Ford, a registered sex offender in Britain. Police found a number of indecent videos on his computer and contacted child abuse investigators, touching off a global investigation beginning in 2012.
UK authorities worked with the Australian Federal Police and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers as well as the International Justice Mission, a non-governmental group. Together the agencies presented their data to authorities in the Philippines to identify offenders and victims.
The investigation – codenamed Operation Endeavour – identified 733 suspects and has resulted in some convictions, including Ford, who was sentenced in March to 8 1/2 years in prison. The agency said Ford paid to watch the live abuse and had planned to move to the Philippines to set up an internet cafe.
Ford and another man, Thomas Owen, had discussed travelling to the Philippines together. Ford, who uses a wheelchair, "suggested that Owen could act as his carer so they could travel to the Philippines together in an attempt to avoid detection," police said.
Owen, who was found with nearly 4 million indecent images of children, was sentenced in July to seven years in prison.
Authorities in the Philippines issued three search warrants in 2012, and 15 children aged between 6 and 15 were rescued and placed in the custody of social welfare services.
Stephanie McCourt, of the UK's Child Exploitation and Online Protection Center, which is now part of the NCA, told the BBC that pedophiles should know that the Internet is not a "safe place for them."
"They must also not be under the mistaken impression that this is a crime which carries no guilt because it happens on the other side of the world," she said. "It is just as bad, just as harmful as though it was happening to the children right here in the U.K."
The arrests underscored the well-established problem of cybercrime rings victimizing children in impoverished communities.
Community support to eradicate the problem is crucial because the crime often is concealed in the privacy of homes away from the attention of authorities, said Mayor Michael Rama of Cebu city in the central Philippines, a region where some of the abuses have been reported.
"When you have some poverty, the availability of information and technology and the attraction for easy money, these abuses happen," Rama told The Associated Press by telephone. "City hall can fight this but if the villages don't get involved, what's going to happen?"
Philippine police Senior Superintendent Gilbert Sosa, who heads an anti-cybercrime unit, said incidents of abuse have been monitored in Cebu, Manila and Angeles city north of the capital.
Impoverished parents allow their children to be sexually abused and watched by paying foreigners via the internet in exchange for $100 to $200, Sosa said.
"We're continuing with our operations," Sosa said. "We've not eradicated this."
Gomez reported from Manila, Philippines


text: C-WIS Design gave extra gain at Ejendals Suomi Oy We offered C-WIS Design product to Ejendals to give a 3D solution to their new coming warehouse. Our goal was to create an efficient overall solution that would combine their warehouse processes as well as meet the factory's production lines. By simulating the warehouse actions they would minimize their risk of problems as they go online. BuildingEjendals had already made construction plans for the new warehouse. The free ceiling height of the warehouse was set to 6000 mm. Using C-WIS modeling we were quickly able to show that the reserved height was too small for the need of the stored goods. As a result of this the free ceiling height was then set to 8000 mm LayoutThe design was based on Ejendals defined functions within the warehouse. The new building was chosen to match seamlessly with the factory and the dispatch center activities to improve material handling. In order the solution to be efficient, we determined material flows to the stock. This way we could offer the best solution to Ejendals by simulating actual material flows to obtain possible solution for furniture, and a proposal for the required resources. Process simulationBy simulating different solutions for picking from rackings we decided to recommend the low-level equipment in Ejendals case. All the features for picking were created in C-WIS simulator as they would be created in the future to the new warehouse. This way we could show an overall picture about the functionality of the solution before the building itself was even constructed.


text:
Tukwila Church of Christ
2019 Theme: "Growing Stronger | Going Further | Reaching Higher"
Our Minister
James A. Maxwell
Minister's Weekly Devotional
Topic: Christ Connected Confidence
Church Resources Ministry
Christian Education
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5th Anniversary Photos -We've Come This Far By Faith!
Baptized Into Christ - LaRay Rogers
Baptized Into Christ - Daniel Bragg!
TCC's Worship & Picnic In The Park!
Married Couples Night Out
And the Lord Added Yvonne Stokes!
And The Lord Added Ackeena Taylor!
Roxbury CoC Gospel Meeting With Bro. J.A. Maxwell
TCC's 4th Anniversary Cake Cutting
5th Sunday Combined Worship Service! - Oct. 2018
5th Sunday Fellowship & Worship, December 30th 2018 - Tacoma Church of Christ
Around The Town With Members & Guests Of TCC
Info Center
2019 Themed Promo To Save & Share With Others
Online & Mobile Giving
Tukwila's Best Award 2018
5th Sunday Fellowship & Afternoon Worship -Sunday, December 30, 2018
TCC Worship & Family Picnic In The Park
Bro. J.A. Maxwell's Speech Given At Southwestern Christian College
Christian Chronicle Article Featuring Minister Maxwell
July 4th Church Weekend Community Picnic (Purpose)
Bible Resources
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Times, Location & Directions
TCC's 4th Anniversary Cake Cutting
The Church recently celebrated four years as a congregation. A few of our members participated in an after service
cake cutting to memorialize the day.
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text:
Welcome to Duncanville ISD
About Duncanville ISD
The mission of Duncanville ISD is to provide each student with the necessary skills to achieve lifelong success and contribute to a global society. The district is also guided by six core values:
- We believe students are our first priority.
- We model personal integrity and ethical behavior.
- We value and respect all students, staff, families and community members.
- We provide a safe, nurturing environment to foster academic excellence and positive relationships.
- We embrace continuous improvement, data driven decision making, and mutual accountability for organizational excellence.
- We believe every staff member contributes to student success.
Duncanville ISD is home to approximately 60,000 residents within an area of 28.7 square miles. The district serves four communities: the entire city of Duncanville and portions of Dallas, Cedar Hill, and DeSoto. The district currently educates more than 12,000 students at 18 campuses: nine elementary, three intermediate, three middle schools, one high school, and two alternative campuses.
Grade levels are divided into elementary, serving students in Pre-K through four; intermediate, serving grades five and six; middle school for students in grades seven and eight; and high school for students in ninth through twelfth grades.
Duncanville ISD is located in the southwest region of Dallas County along Interstate 20 and Highway 67. Employing approximately 1600, including almost 800 classroom teachers, the district is one of the largest employers in the area. The staff of Duncanville ISD accepts the responsibility to provide a nurturing and challenging environment that engages students and brings relevance to the curriculum.
Through the years, Duncanville ISD schools have continued to achieve high scores on state tests, consistently earning Exemplary and Met Standard ratings from the Texas Education Agency. However, this is not enough. Numerous technological advancements have transformed the way we live, and at Duncanville ISD we are transforming the way our students learn. A Strategic Design Team consisting of teachers, community members, and administrators has formed a new vision for Duncanville ISD. Their work includes The Vision of the Learner and Five Strategic Aspirations.
The district has fufilled a $102.545 million bond referendum overwhelmingly passed by voters in November 2014. Duncanville ISD has built two new elementary schools, expanding and improving four other schools while upgrading technology, infrastructure and security at all campus facilities. Visit the bond construction website
District Profile
Student Achievement
In spring 2012, the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR®) replaced the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS).The Texas Education Agency released the campus and district accountability ratings in August 2014. Eleven Duncanville ISD schools 'Met Standard'. Five schools earned distinctions: Duncanville High School earned distinctions for Academic Achievement in Science and Social Studies. Reed Middle School was in the top 25% for Student Progress. Brandenburg Intermediate received Academic Achievement in Reading/English Language Arts and in Math. Hardin Intermediate earned Academic Achievement in Reading/English Language Arts and Fairmeadows Elementary received Academic Achievement in Reading/English Language Arts. The district as a whole 'Met Standard'. We are proud of the academic progress of our students, and commend our teaching staff for their commitment.
Financial Facts
Financial stability has become a hallmark of Duncanville ISD. The financial success of the district is attributed to careful planning and frugal management of funds.
The district has received a rating of "Superior Achievement" for eleven consecutive years under Texas' Schools FIRST financial accountability rating system. The Superior Achievement rating is the state's highest, demonstrating the quality of Duncanville ISD's financial management and reporting system.
Fiscal transparency is important to Duncanville ISD, and the district has been recognized for leadership in that area. In 2014, Texas State Comptroller Susan Combs awarded the district the office's highest honor: the Platinum Leadership Circle Award. The Texas Comptroller Leadership Circle Program recognizes local governments across Texas that meet a high standard of online financial transparency. Since 2009, the program has held public officials accountable by giving taxpayers a closer look at where their money is being spent.
In previous years - 2011, 2012 and 2013 - Duncanville ISD received the comptroller's Gold Leadership Circle Award.
Duncanville ISD received the 2012 and 2013 Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting and the Association of School Business Officials International (ASBO) Certificate of Excellence in Financial Reporting Award.
Visit the district's Financial Transparency webpage, click here
Duncanville ISD tax rate:
2014 Tax Rate $1.41 per $100 assessed value
2014/2015 General Fund Budget ...........................$100,178,587
2013/2014 Cost Per Pupil .......................................$7,463 (Based on Audit 2014)
Staff Stats
Quality classroom teachers are critical components in the entire educational process. Duncanville ISD is aware of the many choices facing today's well-qualified professionals, and attracting and retaining educational professionals is a priority. The need to remain competitive in salary, benefits, and work environment is understood by the Board of Trustees and superintendent, and is demanded by the community stakeholders. The District offers both signing bonuses and yearly stipends for critical need areas such as secondary mathematics, bilingual education, special education, upper level sciences, computer science, and foreign language.
Duncanville ISD has a new hire salary schedule that starts certified first year teachers who have a Bachelor's degree at a minimum salary of $53,000. The district also provides an annual $1,000 supplement for teachers who have earned a Master's Degree related to their teaching field.
Total Employees................1,695.7
Number of Teachers ............803.4
Number of Teacher Aides.....139.2
Teachers by Years of Experience:
Beginning Teachers .............11.0%
1-5 Years Experience .........31.8%
6-10 Years Experience .......21.3%
11-20 Years Experience.......25.7%
Over 20 Years Experience...10.2%
One Duncanville High School student qualified as a National Merit Scholarship semi-finalist after placing in the top one percent on the 2014 Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT)
One Duncanville High School student was honored as a National Achievement Program Outstanding Participant for scoring in the top three percent of all Black Americans who took the 2012 Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT)
One Duncanville High School student was chosen as a National Hispanic Scholar Student after placing in the top two percent on the Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT)


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NASHVILLE, Tenn. - An ever-improving Lipscomb men's and women's cross country team returned to campus, Monday, to begin training for the fall 2011 cross country season.
The women, picked to finish second in the conference in the preseason coaches poll last week, return reigning Atlantic Sun Freshman of the Year Dani Walker, as well as all-conference runners Ashley Lehman and Alex Newby to the 2011 team.
Walker spent her offseason well, finishing 12th in the 5000m run at June's US Junior National Championships.
The men's squad was picked to finish seventh by the coaches. Behind 2010 All-A Sun selection Geoff Musick, they hope to improve that mark.
To aid in that journey, Taylor added six talented freshmen to the men's squad. With Musick, Isaiah Greer and a host of other returners, the men's team should be in good shape heading into 2011.
The Bisons and Lady Bisons will open the season Sept. 2, at nearby Percy Warner Park, for the Belmont Opener.


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Western Justice Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to building a more civil, peaceful society where differences are valued.
We design and implement creative programs that change the way people think about and respond to differences and conflict. Our programs raise awareness, build skills and increase the possibility of just communities and schools.


text:
|By Roger Strukhoff
Article Rating:
|September 3, 2014 10:00 PM EDT
Internet of @ThingsExpo Silicon Valley announced today its first 20 all-star speakers and sessions for its upcoming event, which will take place November 4-6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Silicon Valley.
@ThingsExpo, the first and largest IoT event in the world, debuted at the Javits Center in New York City in June with over 7,200 delegates attending the conference.
The First 20 will present a diverse array of IoT-focused sessions, illuminating the incredible breadth and scope of the Internet of Things. Sensors, beacons, Big Data, Docker, WebRTC, security, business models, and the challenge to enterprise IT of overall IoT integration into their infrastructures are all covered by this group of speakers.
@ThingsExpo has expanded from a single track in June 2014 in New York to three full tracks--focused on consumer technology, enterprise integration, and developers--for Santa Clara. The speakers come from the entire spectrum of IoT technology and services providers, and themselves had diverse backgrounds that encompass the richness of the IoT.
The 7 Steps to Real World Business Transformation on the Internet of Things
By Chad Jones
The Internet of Things promises to transform businesses (and lives), but navigating the business and technical path to success can be difficult to understand. This presentation will show you how to approach creating broadly successful connected customer solutions using real world business transformation studies including New England BioLabs and more. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Chad Jones has eighteen years' experience driving strategic initiatives in IoT, cloud, virtualization and infrastructure while evangelizing the vision of a better world through technology. At LogMeIn, he drives product and go-to-market strategy for the company's Xively IoT platform as well as evangelizes the company's vision for the Internet of Things. [continued]
The Perfect Storm Intensifies - The Convergence of BigData, Cloud and the Internet of Things is Now at Full Strength
By Mac Devine
Almost everyone sees the potential of Internet of Things but how can businesses truly unlock that potential. The key will be in the ability to discover business insight in the midst of an ocean of Big Data generated from billions of embedded devices via Systems of Discover. Businesses will also need to ensure that they can sustain that insight by leveraging the cloud for global reach, scale and elasticity. Without bringing these three elements together via Systems of Discover you either end up with an Internet of somethings and/or a big mess of data. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Mac has 24 years of experience with networking and virtualization. The first 7 of those years were spent in mainframe software development where he served as chief programmer for several VTAM releases. Mac then moved to mainframe software design where he served as chief designer for several Communications Server releases and lead the design work for Sysplex and SNA over IP networking (aka Enterprise Extender). [continued]
Digital Disciplines: Strategies for Things and the Cloud
By Joe Weinman
The Internet of Things is a natural complement to the cloud and related technologies such as big data, analytics, and mobility. This talk lays out four generic strategies--digital disciplines--to exploit emerging digital technologies for strategic advantage. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Joe Weinman has held executive leadership positions at Bell Labs, AT&T, Hewlett-Packard, and Telx, in areas such as corporate strategy, business development, product management, operations, and R&D. Named a "Top 10 Cloud Computing Leader" by TechTarget, Weinman is the author of Cloudonomics: The Business Value of Cloud Computing, chairman of the IEEE Intercloud Testbed executive committee, a frequent global keynote speaker and contributor to Gigaom, InformationWeek, Forbes, and other print and online publications, and the founder of Cloudonomics: a quantitatively rigorous, multidisciplinary approach to valuing the cloud. [continued]
The Physical Web
By Scott Jenson
Scott Jenson leads a project called The Physical Web within the Chrome team at Google. Project members are working to take the scalability and openness of the web and use it to talk to the exponentially exploding range of smart devices
Nearly every company today working on the IoT comes up with the same basic solution: use my server and you'll be fine. But if we really believe there will be trillions of these devices, that just can't scale. We need a system that is open a scalable and by using the URL as a basic building block, we open this up and get the same resilience that the web enjoys. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Scott Jenson has been at the forefront of user interface design for over 25 years. He was the first member of the User Interface group at Apple in the late 80s, working on System 7, the Apple Human Interface Guidelines and the original Newton. Following that he was Director of Product Design for Symbian, then managed the mobile UX group at Google and was Creative Director at frog design. Scott is now back at Google, on a quest to bridge the physical and digital worlds. [continued]
Identity Management and WebRTC
By Peter Dunkley
We are reaching the end of the beginning with WebRTC and real systems using this technology have begun to appear. One challenge that faces every WebRTC deployment (in some form or another) is identity management. For example, if you have an existing service - possibly built on a variety of different PaaS/SaaS offerings - and you want to add real-time communications you are faced with a challenge relating to user management, authentication, authorisation, and validation. Service providers will want to use their existing identities, but these will have credentials already that are (hopefully) irreversibly encoded. This presentation looks at how this identity problem can be solved and discusses ways to use existing web identities for real-time communication. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Peter is Technical Director at Acision. He graduated from The University of Edinburgh in 2000 with a BSc (Hons) in Computer Science. After graduation Peter worked on a PSTN switch developing signalling stacks for SS7, ISDN and similar protocols and creating advanced routing and service applications. [continued]
IoT: Integration of Things
By Chris Mathieu
There will be 50 billion Internet connected devices by 2020. Today, every manufacturer has a propriety protocol and an app. How do we securely integrate these "things" into our lives and businesses in a way that we can easily control and manage? Even better, how do we integrate these "things" so that they control and manage each other so our lives become more convenient or our businesses become more profitable and/or safe? We have heard that the best interface is no interface. These devices generate enough data to learn our behaviors and simplify/improve our lives. What if we could connect everything to everything? I'm not only talking about connecting things to things but also systems, cloud services, and people. Add in a little machine learning and artificial intelligence and now we have something interesting... [continued]
Speaker Bio: Chris Matthieu is Co-Founder & CTO at Octoblu, Inc. He has two decades of telecom and web experience. He launched his Teleku cloud communications-as-a-service platform at eComm in 2010 which was acquired by Voxeo. Next he built an opensource Node.JS PaaS called Nodester which was acquired by AppFog. His new startup is Twelephone (http://twelephone.com). Leveraging HTML5 and WebRTC, Twelephone's BHAG (Big Hairy Audacious Goal) is to become the next generation telecom company running in the Web browser. In 9 short months, Twelephone has nearly achieved feature parity with Skype. [continued]
Big Data's Potential in Helping To Secure the Internet of Things
By James G. Kobielus
The security devil is always in the details of the attack: the ones you've endured, the ones you prepare yourself to fend off, and the ones that, you fear, will catch you completely unaware and defenseless. The Internet of Things (IoT) is nothing if not an endless proliferation of details. It's the vision of a world in which continuous Internet connectivity and addressability is embedded into a growing range of human artifacts, into the natural world, and even into our smartphones, appliances, and physical persons. [continued]
Speaker Bio: James Kobielus is an industry veteran and serves as IBM's Big Data evangelist, as program director for Big Data analytics product marketing, and as editor-in-chief of IBM Data Magazine. He spearheads IBM's thought leadership activities in Big Data, Hadoop, enterprise data warehousing, advanced analytics, and cognitive computing. He advises IBM's product management and marketing teams on big data analytics. He has spoken at such leading industry events as Hadoop Summit, Strata, and Forrester Business Process Forum. He has published several business technology books and is a very popular provider of original commentary on blogs and many social media. [continued]
The Evolution of Internet of Things and the Intelligent Enterprise
By Chris Gray
The Internet of Things is not new. Historically, smart businesses have used its basic concept of leveraging data to drive better decision making and have capitalized on those insights to realize additional revenue opportunities. So, what has changed to make the Internet of Things one of the hottest topics in tech? In this session, Chris Gray, Red Hat Director of Embedded Programs will discuss the underlying factors that are driving the economics of intelligent systems. Discover how hardware commoditization, the ubiquitous nature of connectivity, and the emergence of big data and analysis are providing the pull to meet customer expectations of a widely connected, multi-dimensional universe of people, things, and information. Chris will present real-world use cases that demonstrate how to: [continued]
Speaker Bio: At Red Hat, Chris Gray has global responsibility for strategic partner initiatives and worldwide sales within the embedded and Internet of Things market. Chris' extensive experience with hundreds of embedded partners and customers across numerous and diverse industries has given him a unique perspective on this explosive growth area. Chris has led the global expansion of Red Hat's Embedded and Internet of Things business in over twenty countries and continues to lead Red Hat's mission as the open source leader in embedded and intelligent systems solutions. [continued]
Architecting Next Gen Connected Supply Chains
By Peter Vanderminden
Disruptive macro trends in technology are impacting and dramatically changing the "art of the possible" relative to supply chain management practices through the innovative use of IoT, cloud, machine learning and big data to enable connected ecosystems of engagement. Enterprise informatics can now move beyond point solutions that merely monitor the past and implement integrated enterprise fabrics that enable end to end supply chain visibility to improve customer service delivery and optimize supplier management. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Peter Vanderminden is the Industry Manager, Manufacturing & Supply Chain at Microsoft Corporation, where he consults to some of Microsoft's largest corporate accounts on business solutions and enterprise architecture strategies. Mr. Vanderminden also serves on the Board of Directors of the APICS/Supply Chain Council, a global non-profit industry trade association with over 600 member firms that is focused on establishing best practices for supply chain management. [continued]
Fulfilling IT's Promise in the IoT Era
By Jeff Kaplan
The Internet of Things will put IT to its ultimate test by creating infinite new opportunities to digitize products and services, generate and analyze new data to improve customer satisfaction, and discover new ways to gain a competitive advantage across nearly every industry. In order to help corporate business units to capitalize on the rapidly evolving IoT opportunities, IT must stand up to a new set of challenges. This session will examine why IT must finally fulfill its role in support of its SBUs or face a new round of disruption that could fundamentally reshape the function of IT forever. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Jeff Kaplan is the Managing Director of THINKstrategies, www.thinkstrategies.com, the only strategic consulting firm focused entirely on the business implications of the transition of the technology industry from a product-centric to services-driven solution model, including Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Cloud Computing and Managed Services. THINKstrategies helps IT/business decision-makers with their sourcing strategies; solution providers with their go-to-market strategies; and venture firms with their investment strategies. [continued]
Monetizing the 'Internet of Things'- What You Need to Know Now
By Brendan O'Brien
There's no doubt that the "Internet of Things" is driving the next wave of innovation. Google has spent billions over the past few months vacuuming up companies that specialize in smart appliances and machine learning. Already, Philips light bulbs, Audi automobiles, and Samsung washers and dryers can communicate with and be controlled from mobile devices. To take advantage of the opportunities the "Internet of Things" brings to your business, you'll want to start preparing now. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Brendan O'Brien is a Co-founder at Aria Systems and the inventor of cloud billing. It is fair to say he introduced the world to cloud billing, and innovated database-driven, enterprise-grade web applications - before the concept of "cloud" was even on the horizon. O'Brien is at the forefront of the recurring revenue revolution that is empowering enterprises -- and specifically enabling information systems and new business models to secure predictive revenue streams while improving business processes. [continued]
Lego Land: The Building Blocks of Innovation for the Enterprise
By Andrew Bolwell
Explosive technological advancement has created a molten landscape of disruption, reinvention and creation. New services arrive and become versatile building blocks for new ideas, products and businesses. As intuitive and intelligent technology relieves us of administrative burdens, we can spend more energy on what matters: curiosity, imagination, personal connection, reflection. As technology blurs lines between work and home, physical and digital, there is profound opportunity not just in what these new technologies are but in why they matter in human terms. Andrew Bolwell, HP Printing and Personal Systems Director of Innovation, reports from the dawn of the new Innovation Age. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Andrew Bolwell is Director of Innovation for HP's Printing and Personal Systems Group. Responsible for defining HP's long-term innovation and technology vision for printing and personal computing, Andrew is spearheading new markets, products and business models that will help shape HP's future growth. [continued]
IoT Moves Into The Commercial Mainstream
By Diego Tamburini
The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly in the process of breaking from its heretofore relatively obscure enterprise applications (such as plant floor control and supply chain management) and going mainstream into the consumer space. More and more creative folks are interconnecting everyday products such as household items, mobile devices, appliances and cars, and unleashing new and imaginative scenarios. We are seeing a lot of excitement around applications in home automation, personal fitness, and in-car entertainment, and this excitement will bleed into other areas. On the commercial side, more manufacturers will embed sensors in their products and connect them to the Internet to monitor their performance and offer pro-active maintenance services. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Diego Tamburini works for the Manufacturing Strategic Industry Relations group at Autodesk. He focuses on defining the vision for Autodesk in manufacturing and evangelizing Autodesk as a thought leader in the industry. Diego came to Autodesk after 10 years at Microsoft, where he was working in the Microsoft Dynamics development team developing the upcoming first cloud release of Dynamics ERP for Professional Services. [continued]
A New Architecture for the Internet of Things: Rethinking Your IT Framework
By James Kirkland
Explosive growth in connected devices. Enormous amounts of data for collection and analysis. Critical use of data for split-second decision making and actionable information. All three are factors in making the Internet of Things a reality. Yet, any one factor would have an IT organization pondering its infrastructure strategy. [continued]
Speaker Bio: James Kirkland is the advocate for Red Hat's initiatives and solutions for the Internet of Things(IoT) and is the architect of its three-tier strategy for IoT deployments. For the past five years, James has been focused on IoT solutions for the transportation and energy sectors. A frequent public speaker and writer on a wide range of technical topics, James is also the co-author of Linux Troubleshooting for System Administrators and Power Users (ISBN: 0131855158) published by Prentice Hall PTR. [continued]
Zero to a Connected Internet of Things App
By Seema Jethani
This talk explores how to rapidly prototype using IoT cloud platforms and choosing the right platform to match application requirements, security and privacy needs, data management capabilities and development tools. Where historically app development would required developers to manage device functionality, application environment and application logic, today new platforms are emerging that are IoT focused and arm developers with cloud based connectivity and communications, development, monitoring, management and analytics tools. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Seema is the Director of Product Management at Basho Technologies and has more than 10 years of experience in enterprise software development. Prior to joining Basho, she held Product Management and Strategy positions at Dell, Enstratius and IBM. [continued]
How Docker Quickly Advanced Development of an IoT Application
By Aater Suleman
Collecting data in the field and configuring multitudes of unique devices is a time-consuming, labor-intensive process that can stretch IT resources. Horan & Bird [H&B], Australia's fifth-largest Solar Panel Installer, wanted to automate sensor data collection and monitoring from its solar panels and integrate the data with its business and marketing systems. After data was collected and structured, two major areas needed to be addressed: improving developer workflows and extending access to a business application to multiple users (multi-tenancy). [continued]
Speaker Bio: Aater Suleman, CEO and Co-Founder at Flux7, is an industry veteran in delivering cloud migration, application development and process optimization solutions using DevOps-based approaches. Mr. Suleman earned his PhD at the University of Texas at Austin, where he also currently teaches computer systems design and architecture. [continued]
WebRTC + IoT = Personalized Customer Service
By Keith McFarlane
Can call centers hang up the phones for good? Intuitive Solutions did. WebRTC enabled this contact center provider to eliminate antiquated telephony and desktop phone infrastructure with a pure web-based solution, allowing them to expand beyond brick-and-mortar confines to a home-based agent model. It also ensured scalability and better service for customers, including MUY! Companies, one of the country's largest franchise restaurant companies with 232 Pizza Hut locations. This is one example of WebRTC adoption today, but the potential is limitless when powered by IoT . Attendees will learn real-world benefits of WebRTC and explore future possibilities, as WebRTC and IoT intersect to improve customer service. [continued]
Speaker Bio: At LiveOps, Keith McFarlane holds the role of Chief Technology Officer, Cloud Platform & Telephony. He has more than 20 years of experience designing and developing large-scale customer service solutions and CRM systems. He is an expert on the benefits of cloud computing technology for both enterprise and SMBs and was named to ExecRank's "Top CTO Rankings" list for 2012. [continued]
From Data To Dollars – A Results-Driven Approach To IoT
By Dave Wagstaff
Technology is enabling a new approach to collecting and using data. This approach, commonly referred to as the "Internet of Things" (IoT), enables businesses to use real-time data from all sorts of things including machines, devices and sensors to make better decisions, improve customer service, and lower the risk in the creation of new revenue opportunities. In this session from Bsquare learn more about the real benefits to focus on, understand the requirements of a successful solution, the flow of data, and how to best approach deploying an IoT solution that will drive results. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Vice President and Chief Architect, BSQUARE Corporation Dave Wagstaff has been Bsquare's Vice President and Chief Architect since November 2013. In this role Mr. Wagstaff drives a comprehensive and integrated strategy for all Bsquare products including the company's Internet of Things offerings. [continued]
How Code Halos Are Unlocking the Possibilities of the Internet of Things
By Ben Pring
Code Halos – aka "digital fingerprints" - are the key organizing principle to understand a) how dumb things become smart and b) how to monetize this dynamic. In this session Ben Pring, Co-Director of Cognizant's Center for the Future of Work, will outline research, analysis and recommendations from his recently published book on this phenomena on the way leading edge organizations like GE and Disney are unlocking the IoT opportunity and what steps your organization should be taking to position itself for the next platform of digital competition. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Ben Pring co-leads Cognizant's Future of Work Center joining Cognizant in September 2011 after spending the previous 15 years with Gartner as a senior industry analyst researching and advising on areas such as Cloud Computing and Global Sourcing. Prior to Gartner he worked for a number of consulting companies including Coopers and Lybrand. [continued]
New Security Models for the IoT
By Davi Ottenheimer
The Internet of Things needs an entirely new security model, or does it? Can we save some old and tested controls for the latest emerging and different technology environments? This presentation reviews hands-on lessons with IoT devices and reveals privacy options and a new risk balance you might not expect. [continued]
Speaker Bio: Davi Ottenheimer, EMC Senior Director of Trust, has more than nineteen years' experience managing global security operations and assessments, including a decade of leading incident response and digital forensics. He is co-author of the book "Securing the Virtual Environment: How to Defend the Enterprise Against Attack," published in May 2012 by Wiley. He formerly was responsible for security at Barclays Global Investors (BGI), the world's largest investment fund manager. Prior to BGI he was a "dedicated paranoid" at Yahoo! and responsible for managing security for hundreds of millions of mobile, broadband and digital home products. Davi received his postgraduate academic Master of Science degree in International History from the London School of Economics. [continued]
Conference Schedule Announced
Are you ready to put your data in the cloud?
What is the future of security in the cloud?
Does Docker quickly advance the development of an IoT application?
What are the implications of Moore's Law on Hadoop deployments?
Get all these questions and hundreds more like them answered at the 15th Cloud Expo, November 4-6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center, in Santa Clara, CA. The Cloud Expo / Big Data Expo / @ThingsExpo / DevOps Summit programs are now available for you to inspect and investigate in advance.
Our upcoming November 4-6 event in Santa Clara, California will present a total of 10 simultaneous tracks by an all-star faculty, over three days, plus a two-day "Cloud Computing Bootcamp" presented by Janakiram MSV, an Analyst with the Gigaom Research analyst network, where he covers the Cloud Services landscape.
Cloud and Big Data topics and tracks include: Enterprise Cloud Adoption, APM & Cloud Computing | Hot Topics, Cloud APIs & Business, Cloud Security | Mobility, Big Data | Analytics.
@ThingsExpo content tripled from a single track in New York to three simultaneous tracks: Consumer IoT, Enterprise IoT, IoT Developer | WebRTC Convergence.
DevOps Summit also doubled from a single track in New York to two simultaneous tracks: "Dev" Developer Focus and "Ops" Operations Focus.
Schedule for Cloud Expo / Big Data Expo / @ThingsExpo ▸ Here
Schedule for DevOps Summit ▸ Here
Now that we have published the full conference schedule, please check back for daily updates as we finalize new session abstracts by working with our distinguished faculty members. For your questions please contact us at events (at) sys-con.com. Last but not least we will announce our keynotes on the hottest subjects to be delivered by world-class speakers!
The largest 'Internet of Things' event in the world has announced "sponsorship opportunities" and "call for papers."
The 1st International Internet of @ThingsExpo was launched this June at the Javits Center in New York City with over 6,000 delegates in attendance. The 2nd International Internet of @ThingsExpo will take place November 4-6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, California, with an estimated 7,000 plus delegates attending over three days.
Sponsorship and Exhibit Opportunities for @ThingsExpo Silicon Valley and New York Are Now Available
Sponsors and exhibitors of Internet of @ThingsExpo will benefit from unmatched branding, profile building and lead generation opportunities through:
- Featured on-site presentation and ongoing on-demand webcast exposure to a captive audience of industry decision-makers.
- Showcase exhibition during our new extended dedicated expo hours
- Breakout Session Priority scheduling for sponsors that have been guaranteed a 35-minute technical session
- Online advertising in SYS-CON's i-Technology publications
- Capitalize on our comprehensive marketing efforts leading up to the show with print mailings, e-newsletters and extensive online media coverage.
- Unprecedented PR Coverage: Editorial coverage on IoT.sys-con.com, Tweets to our 75,000 plus followers, press releases sent on major wire services to over 500 combined analysts and press members who attended Internet of @ThingsExpo - making it the best-covered "Internet of Things" conference in the world
For more information on sponsorship, exhibit, and keynote opportunities contact Carmen Gonzalez by email at events (at) sys-con.com, or by phone 201 802-3021. Book both events for additional savings!
@ThingsExpo Silicon Valley (November 4-6, 2014, Santa Clara, CA)
@ThingsExpo New York (June 9-11, 2015, New York, NY)
Secure Your VIP Pass to Attend @ThingsExpo Silicon Valley
Internet of @ThingsExpo announced today a limited time free "Expo Plus" registration option. The onsite registration price of $600 will be set to 'free' for delegates who register during September.
To take advantage of this opportunity, attendees can use the coupon code "IoTSeptember" and secure their "@ThingsExpo Plus" registration to attend all keynotes and general sessions, as well as a limited number of technical sessions each day of the show, in addition to full access to the expo floor and the @ThingsExpo hackathon.
The registration page is located at the @ThingsExpo site here.
@ThingsExpo New York 2015 'Call for Papers' Now Open
The 3rd International Internet of @ThingsExpo, to be held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, New York announces that its 'Call for Papers' is now open. The event will feature a world class, all-star faculty with the hottest IoT topics covered in three distinct tracks.
Track 1 - Consumer IoT and Wearables: Smart Appliances, Wearables, Smart Cars, Smartphones 2.0, Smart Travel, Personal Fitness, Health Care, Personalized Marketing, Customized Shopping, Personal Finance, The Digital Divide, Mobile Cash & Markets, Games & the IoT, The Future of Education, Virtual Reality
Track 2 - Enterprise IoT: The Business Case for IoT, Smart Grids, Smart Cities, Smart Transportation, The Smart Home, M2M, Authentication/Security, Wiring the IoT, The Internet of Everything, Digital Transformation of Enterprise IT, Agriculture, Transportation, Manufacturing, Local & State Government, Federal Government
Track 3 - Developer IoT: WebRTC, Eclipse Foundation, Cloud Foundry, Docker & Linux Containers, Node-Red, Open Source Hardware, Leveraging SOA, Multi-Cloud IoT, Evolving Standards, WebSockets, Security & Privacy Protocols, GPS & Proximity Services, Bluetooth/RFID/etc., XMPP, Nest Labs
@ThingsExpo billboard is viewed by more than 1.3 million motorists per week on Highway 101, in the heart of Silicon Valley
Help plant your flag in the fast-expanding business opportunity that is the Internet of Things: Submit your speaking proposal today here!
Download @ThingsExpo Newsletter Today ▸ Here
Chris Matthieu Named @ThingsExpo Tech Chair
Internet of @ThingsExpo named Chris Matthieu tech chair of Internet of @ThingsExpo 2014 Silicon Valley.
Chris Matthieu has two decades of telecom and web experience. He launched his Teleku cloud communications-as-a-service platform at eComm in 2010, which was acquired by Voxeo. Next he built an open source Node.JS PaaS called Nodester, which was acquired by AppFog. His latest startups include Twelephone. Leveraging HTML5 and WebRTC, Twelephone's BHAG (Big Hairy Audacious Goal) is to become the next generation telecom company running in the Web browser. Chris is currently co-founder and CTO of Octoblu.
Website: http://www.ThingsExpo.com
Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/ThingsExpo
About SYS-CON Media & Events
SYS-CON Media (www.sys-con.com) has since 1994 been connecting technology companies and customers through a comprehensive content stream - featuring over forty focused subject areas, from Cloud Computing to Web Security - interwoven with market-leading full-scale conferences produced by SYS-CON Events. The company's internationally recognized brands include among others Cloud Expo® (CloudComputingExpo.com / @CloudExpo), Big Data Expo (BigDataExpo.net / @BigDataExpo), DevOps Summit (DevOpsSummit.sys-con.com / @DevOpsSummit), Internet of @ThingsExpo (ThingsExpo.com / @ThingsExpo) and Cloud Computing Bootcamp (CloudComputingBootcamp.com).
Cloud Expo® and Big Data Expo® are registered trademarks of Cloud Expo, Inc., a SYS-CON Events company.
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Open Access Policy
SEPM Open Access Policy - 2013
The SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) will respond positively to the new RCUK and OSTP policies on public access to research results and will implement new policies for articles received on or after August 8, 2013. These policies will apply to all authors, and the Society will retain its commitment to publishing only high-quality peer-reviewed research outputs.
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