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Updated Jan 8, 2013
Rodney Alcala
A registered sex-offender, Rodney Alcala got his 15-minutes of fame as a successful contestant on "The Dating Game" in 1978. Before that appearance, he had already been convicted of raping an 8-year-old girl and had murdered four women. He would go on to murder a 13-year-old girl.
Update: On death row at San Quentin since 1979, Rodney Alcala, now 69, was sentenced in New York Supreme Court on January 7, 2012 to two concurrent 25 years to life in prison sentences for raping and murdering two women in New York in the 1970s. In 1971, Cornelia M. Crilley, a 23-year-old TWA flight attendant, was raped and strangled in her Upper East Side apartment. Seven years later, the body of Ellen Jane Hover, 23, an aspiring orchestra conductor, was found at the Rockefeller estate in Westchester County. Alcala pled guilty to the two murders on December 14. He will now be returned to death row at San Quentin. Since 2006, there has been a court-ordered moratorium on executions in California over the lethal-injection controversy.
By Denise Noe
Bachelor Number One
Airing in the 1960s and 1970s, "The Dating Game" was a popular show about singles finding romance. Usually, a young woman would be on one side of a partition asking a series of quirky and often sexually suggestive questions of a trio of bachelors on the other side of it. Without seeing them, and not being allowed to ask their names, occupations, ages, or incomes, she would think over their answers during a commercial break and then select one of the three for a date.
Occasionally, the roles were reversed and a man would do the selecting from a group of three "bachelorettes." The show did not use the term "spinsters" for its unmarried female guests probably because that word, so strongly associated with starched gingham and hair-in-a-bun prudishness, would have been out of place in the time period.
"The Dating Game" was hosted by Jim Lange who began every episode by stepping through a flower-speckled partition that suggested the "flower power" that would become a cliché in that hippie era.
In 1978, a program aired in which Lange introduced "Bachelor Number One" as "a successful photographer who got his start when his father found him in the darkroom at the age of 13 – fully developed." Lange paused while the audience laughed appreciatively at the double entendre. Then the host continued, "Between takes you might find him skydiving or motorcycling. Please welcome Rodney Alcala."
The audience saw Bachelor Number One, a handsome, dark-haired young man with a ready smile.
Introducing the woman who would pick the date, Lange said, "Here's a young lady with a wealth of experience. She once earned a living massaging feet – but quit when her boss suggested she work her way up." Again Lange paused while the audience laughed at the innuendo. Lange continued, "Then she taught school in Phoenix, Arizona and now she's here to educate our three bachelors on the art of amour. Welcome sensational Cheryl Bradshaw."
The bachelors were told to say "hello" to Cheryl. Bachelor Number One said, "We're going to have a great time together, Cheryl."
The question period began with Bradshaw asking, "Bachelor Number One, what is your favorite time of the day?"
"My favorite time is at night," the smiling Alcala answered. "Nighttime.
When asked why, he raised his eyebrows suggestively and replied, "Because that's the only time there is."
"What's wrong with morning or afternoon?" Bradshaw pressed.
"Oh, they're all right," the contestant conceded. "But nighttime is when it really gets good. Then you're really ready."
At another point, Bradshaw said, "Bachelor Number One, I'm a drama teacher and I'm auditioning you for my private lessons. You're a dirty old man. Take it."
"Come on over here," Alcala said and dramatically growled.
That performance was a big hit with the audience that laughed and applauded.
Bradshaw said, "Bachelor Number One, I'm serving you for dinner. What are you called and what do you look like?"
"I'm called the banana and I look really good," Alcala replied.
"Could you be a little more descriptive?" Bradshaw asked.
"Peel me," Alcala said with a laugh. The witty reply brought another wave of applause from the audience.When Lange asked Bradshaw to decide which bachelor she wanted to date, she said, "I like bananas so I'll take One."
However, the date never actually took place. All sources agree that after Bradshaw talked more extensively to Alcala backstage, she found him "creepy" and refused to go on the date.
It may well have been the wisest decision of Cheryl Bradshaw's life. For at the time he appeared on "The Dating Game," Alcala was already a convicted child rapist and a registered sex offender. Although authorities were not yet aware of it, he had also murdered at least two women and possibly others.
Deserted by Dad, breakdown in the Army
Rodney James Alcala was born on August 23, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas. Published sources reveal little about his childhood but it is known that his family moved to a suburb of Los Angeles, California when he was a baby and that he was raised there. Alcala's father deserted the family when he was 12.
He enlisted in the Army in 1961 and served as a clerk. An Orange County Register article reports that in 1964 "he claimed he suffered a nervous breakdown." A military psychiatrist examined him and diagnosed him as having an "anti-social personality, chronic, severe." He was discharged from the service.
Four years after leaving the Army, in 1968, Alcala committed his first known crime. He spotted an 8-year-old girl, called only "Tali" in official documents, on her way to school in Hollywood and lured her into his car. Then he took her to his apartment where he struck her head with a pipe and raped her.
However, a driver saw Alcala entice the child into his car. The concerned driver followed Alcala to his Hollywood apartment and then phoned police.
According to an article by Christine Pelisk in the LA Weekly, "LAPD officers soon knocked on the door and were greeted at a window by a shirtless Alcala, who told them he'd be right with them. Instead he escaped through a backdoor."
Police found the girl badly wounded but alive.
Now a fugitive, Alcala left California and headed to New York City. Under the name "John Berger," Alcala enrolled in New York University. There he studied filmmaking under the distinguished director Roman Polanski, whose wife was brutally murdered in the Tate-LaBianca murders of 1969 and who would eventually become a fugitive himself because of a statutory rape conviction.
In 1971, California police detective Steve Hodel persuaded the FBI to put the fugitive child rapist Alcala on its Ten Most Wanted list. Two teen girls in New Hampshire ducked into a post office to wait out a rain and saw his photograph on the Ten Most Wanted poster. The teens recognized Alcala's face as that of the man they knew as John Burger who worked as a counselor at their arts and drama summer camp. The girls informed the camp's dean who notified authorities.
Arrested on August 12, 1971, Alcala was brought back to Los Angeles to face rape and attempted murder charges for what he had done to Tali.
He was convicted but served only two years and 10 months in prison for the vicious attack on a second-grader. Why such brief imprisonment for the beating and rape of a child? Pelisk explains, "California's state government of that era had embraced a philosophy that the state could successfully treat rapists and murderers through education and psychotherapy. The hallmark of the philosophy was 'indeterminate sentencing,' under which judges left open the number of prison years to be served by a violent felon, and parole boards later determined when the offender had been reformed." Then-governor Jerry Brown ended "indeterminate sentencing" but Alcala had already been paroled when that system was terminated.
Two months after his parole in 1974, police found Alcala at the Bolsa Chica State Beach with a 13-year-old girl called "Julie J." in the press. She told authorities that he had kidnapped her but he was convicted only of violating parole and supplying marijuana to a minor. He served an additional two years in prison before again being paroled.
Shortly after his release, his parole officer in Los Angeles permitted Alcala, though a registered child rapist and known flight risk, to jaunt off to New York City to visit relatives, Pelisk reports.
When he returned to California, the registered sex-offender acquired a job as a typesetter for the Los Angeles Times in 1977. He worked under his real name so his employers could easily have been aware of his criminal history. However, they may have regarded it as irrelevant to the job he held since it did not involve contact with children.
During the time Alcala worked at the Los Angeles Times, the newspaper was frequently filled with articles of a series of murders attributed to a serial murderer dubbed the Hillside Strangler because corpses of females raped and killed were often left in hilly areas. The Hillside Strangler would eventually be discovered to be a murderous duo, cousins Kenneth Bianchi and Angelo Buono.
Alcala questioned by police – then goes on "The Dating Game"
In December 1977, at the request of the FBI, authorities questioned Alcala about a woman who had disappeared in New York City at a time Alcala had been there on the trip to visit relatives that had been approved by his parole officer.
That woman was Ellen Hover, a talented pianist and socialite. She was the daughter of Herman Hover, who owned the famous Ciro's nightclub and was close friends with Sammy Davis Jr. and Dean Martin. After she vanished, police searching her home had found the name "John Berger" written on her calendar.
According to Pelisk, the detectives who questioned Alcala about Ellen Hover 'were acting on a tip from a New Directions drama-camp counselor in New Hampshire, who told detectives seeking a 'John Burger' that in 1971, a New Directions camp counselor of that name had been arrested and taken away by police."
Alcala admitted to police that he had known Ellen Hover but denied having anything to do with her disappearance. Lacking a body or any concrete evidence as to what has happened to the missing women, police could not hold Alcala.
A few months later, on March 22, 1978, officers from the Hillside Strangler Task Force questioned the registered sex offender in connection with those murders. They ruled him out as the Hillside Strangler but sent him to jail for a brief time because they discovered marijuana in his possession.
Shortly after that, he appeared on "The Dating Game." Criminal profiler Pat Brown commented on that appearance by saying, "Serial killers are tremendous actors. Serial killers are predators and they act like an animal trying to get its prey. The rest of the time they try to blend in."
Jed Mills, who appeared as Bachelor Number Two on that infamous Dating Game episode, recalled conversations backstage in the "green room" with Alcala. Mills said, "He was quiet but at the same time he would interrupt and impose when he felt like it. And he was very obnoxious and creepy – he became very unlikable and rude and imposing as though he was trying to intimidate. I wound up not only not liking this guy . . . not wanting to be near him . . . he got creepier and more negative. He was a standout creepy guy in my life."
Both Cheryl Bradshaw and Jed Mills used the word "creepy" to describe Rodney Alcala.
Brown thinks it is significant that Alcala appeared personable on the program but gave the opposite impression to Jed Mills backstage. She observes, "He is showing his psychopathic personality in the green room. He wasn't acting at that time. Those were his enemies and he had to beat them to get the girl and he wanted to win. This guy probably literally hated them. This guy was going on the show to prove how special and wonderful he was. And his ego was riding on it."
Robin Samsoe: the girl who called her mother "Pretty Lady"
Early in 1979, a distraught 12-year-old girl called police from a motel in Riverside County. She said she had been hitchhiking and had just escaped from a kidnapper and rapist. Alcala was apprehended. Bail was set at $10,000 and Alcala's mother paid it.
Five months later, Robin Samsoe disappeared. She was the daughter of Marianne Connelly, a single mother of four children. A Los Angeles Times article relates that in 1977, "The five of them shoved everything they owned into a U-Haul and headed from Wisconsin to California." Connelly moved the family to Huntington Beach, California. The article states, "Connelly chose Huntington Beach because it seemed like a good, clean town for raising children."
Connelly said Robin never called her mother "Mom" but always by the special nickname that the child had for her mother: "Pretty Lady." The natural blonde told her red-haired mother that she, Robin, wanted hair the color of her mother's. Connelly would reply, "But Robin, people spend tons of money to try to have hair like yours." The girl would say, "But Pretty Lady, I want to look like you."
Robin was a ballerina and a star gymnast who dreamed of one day competing at the Olympics.
Robin had a friend named Bridget who had been with her earlier on the day of her disappearance. Both girls had been wearing swimsuits when a man approached them. He told them he was a photographer and wanted to take their pictures. The man left when approached by a suspicious neighbor.
Later that day, Bridget lent her yellow bicycle to Robin to pedal to ballet class. She never made it to the class and never returned home.
Police sketch artists drew the man Bridget described. A parole officer recognized the image as that of Rodney Alcala.
On July 2, 1979, U.S. Forestry Service rangers found skeletal human remains. They were identified as those of Robin Samsoe. Unbeknownst to them, another ranger had stumbled upon the remains several days prior – but had not reported the grisly find because she was so upset by it.
Alcala was arrested on July 24 at his mother's home.
He told authorities that he had been at Knott's Berry Farm at the time Robin Samsoe disappeared. He claimed he had gone there to apply for a job taking photographs at a disco contest.
In a search of Alcala's residence, officers discovered a receipt for a locker in Seattle. LAPD officers traveled there. Inside that locker they found a pair of gold ball earrings like those believed to have been worn by Robin Samsoe on the day she disappeared. Also found were many other pairs of earrings and a wealth of photographs of women and teen girls.
The locker's contents would turn out to be a treasure trove of evidence linking Alcala to murders.
First trial for the murder of Robin Samsoe
In July 1979, Alcala pled not guilt to charges that he kidnapped, molested and murdered Robin Samsoe. His only defense attorney was John Barnett. Barnett has described Alcala as "a very polite and intelligent person."
Deputy District Attorney John Farnell headed the prosecution team. Judge Philip E. Schwab presided over the trial.
The prosecution presented the earrings found in his locker as physical evidence linking him to the victim.
Former forestry firefighter Dana Crappa was a crucial witness for the prosecution. She had seen a man who might have been Alcala and a little girl who might have been Samsoe on the day the child went missing. She had also found Robin Samsoe's dead body but failed to report it.
Crappa had been severely traumatized by her discovery and that trauma showed when she was examined. The Los Angeles Times described her as testifying in a "halting voice" and holding her head in a "bowed position." The effects of the trauma also made her vulnerable on cross-examination.
According to the Los Angeles Times, "The 21-year-old forestry firefighter identified photographs of Alcala's car as the one she saw parked on a turn-out when she slowed down to turn a sharp curve on Santa Anita Canyon Road. Prior to being shown pictures of Alcala's car, she described its features in intricate detail." She said that one reason she had such a clear memory of the vehicle was that she had been thinking of buying a car of the same model. She also "testified that the 1976 Datsun F-10 was striking because of its distinctive smoke-tinted rear windows and luggage rack." She said that she saw a man and a child in the front of the car. She could not specifically identify either of them but testified that the man was of medium build and had dark brown hair like Alcala and that she believed that the child was female and was certain that the child had long blonde hair as did Robin Samsoe.
The article continued, "Crappa testified that the following evening at 8:30 p.m. she again saw the same car on another turnout while driving up the road. She said she was able to see the car although it was night because she almost hit it when she swerved to miss colliding with another car that had strayed into her lane."
Later Crappa said that she had been in the foothills of the Sierra Madre Mountains on June 25 when she made a grisly discovery.
"What did you see?" Deputy District Attorney Rich Farnell asked.
"It was a body," the witness replied.
"What did you see about the body?" Farnell queried.
"It was missing hands and feet," Crappa said.
"What else did you see?" Farnell asked.
"It was pretty cut up," Crappa said. She went on to say that the head was separated from the rest of the body that "was bloated like an animal gets after it sits for awhile."
However, Crappa continued that she did not report the gruesome find because she was in shock. The girl's death would not become known to authorities until the body was found by other forestry workers days later on July 2.
Then Farnell returned to the subject of the man and child she had previously seen. "Do you see the man who was pushing the little girl on June 20 in the courtroom?" the prosecutor asked.
Crappa answered, "I'm not 100 percent positive but the individual that looks like the one I saw is here."
Farnell asked, "Where is he?"
Crappa's eyes had previously focused down. Now she raised them and said, "He's sitting next to Mr. Barnett."
On cross-examination, Barnett pressed Crappa on how long she had seen the man she believes is Alcala and she admitted that she had only had a brief look at him. She had said as much on direct examination but the defense attorney wanted to reinforce the fleeting nature of that look to indicate that the jury should give it little weight.
Barnett drew from Crappa admissions that she had not been fully forthcoming in her initial interviews with investigators. For example, she had not told them when first questioned about her finding the body. A Los Angeles Times article reports that she testified that she "had failed to disclose the crucial information because her inability to talk about discovering the body had formed a mental block." She also admitted that she had hedged telling the full truth because she was reluctant to testify in court about what she had seen.
The prosecution summoned Orange County Jail inmates who had shared quarters with the accused to the stand. A Los Angeles Times article reports that the inmates "testified that [Alcala] acknowledged luring Robin into his car by offering to take her to afternoon dance lessons." The article continues that one of those inmates, Michael Herrara, "testified that Alcala told him that he placed the yellow bicycle she was riding in his car. When it became clear that Alcala was not driving her to her dance class, according to Herrara, Robin began to scream and reached for the door handle. Alcala then locked the door to the passenger side and repeatedly struck Robin about the face, Herrara said." Herrara claimed Alcala said he later deposited the bicycle behind a thrift store. A manager of an El Monte thrift store that stands between the area in which Robin's body was found and Alcala's Monterey Park residence testified that a yellow bicycle had been found behind the store building and later sold.
When the defense began its case, it called Tim Fallen to the stand. The Los Angeles Times reported that Fallen testified to seeing "Robin Samsoe in Huntington Beach the day after she was reported seen in the Sierra Madre foothills with her accused kidnaper-murderer, Rodney James Alcala." He believed he had seen her on June 21 at about 4 p.m. riding a yellow bicycle down an alley.
The defense called Alcala's sister, Christine de La Cerda, to the stand. She testified that Alcala had been at her home from about 4:30 p.m. to 4:35 p.m. on June 20, making it impossible for him to have been at a turnout on the Santa Anita Canyon Road at 5:30 p.m., the time when Dana Crappa testified to seeing a man who resembled Alcala and a child looking like Robin Samsoe there. A Los Angeles Times article reported that after that five minute interval in which Alcala was in Christine de La Cerda's home, "her three children followed Alcala to his car and searched through his glove compartment for some gum."
In closing arguments, Barnett said that prosecutors had "proved that Mr. Alcala is a bad man" but had "not proved that Mr. Alcala killed Robin Samsoe."
Farnell asserted in the prosecution's closing that Alcala's defense "does not mesh with common sense."
On April 30, 1980, the jury found Alcala guilty of the first-degree murder of Robin Samsoe.
Death or life imprisonment for a "sexual misfit"?
During the penalty phase, defense attorney Barnett decried "the lust for blood that pervades this courtroom." He described his client as a "sexual misfit."
Barnett argued, "This crime is sick. Every crime and every indication of misdeed in his past has been the product of unthinking passion." He also said, "I am not asking you to excuse Mr. Alcala from guilt but I am arguing against death."
Prosecutor John Farnell countered, "The only appropriate sentence in a case like this is death. The only question is whether death is sufficient for this defendant."
Judge Schwab apparently found the prosecution's arguments more persuasive. He sentenced Alcala to death. Schwab asserted, "It is fair to say that the evidence discloses that the defendant in a premeditated manner stalked his prey for a number of days. The defendant not only has a prior felony conviction [referring to his child molestation conviction] but there are also distinct similarities to this case. . . . This is a particularly vicious and cruel crime."
Rejecting the defense contention that Alcala's mental condition merited mercy, the judge said, "He is a man of depraved character but he is able to appreciate the difference between right and wrong."
As is the norm in death penalty cases, Alcala's case was appealed. John Barnett was no longer his attorney. The appeals were handled by attorneys Keith Monroe and David Zimmerman.
Their efforts bore fruit on August 23, 1984 when the California State Supreme Court reversed Alcala's conviction on the grounds that jurors had been improperly informed of his prior sex crimes. According to a Los Angeles Times article by Steve Tripoli, "prosecutors contended they were allowed to discuss the prior offenses under laws that permit it if similarities between the crimes tend to identify a defendant as the culprit. The high court rejected the contention that the crimes were similar enough to be allowed into evidence."
Alcala's second trial was largely a re-run of the first sans evidence of his prior crimes. In June 1986, he was again convicted and again sentenced to death.
On death row, he kept busy by penning a manuscript in which he argued for his innocence and pointed to an alternative suspect. He self-published the book, entitled You, the Jury, in 1994. A petition was soon filed to prevent him from claiming any money the book might make.
Alcala filed two lawsuits against the California prison system. One was a "slip-and-fall claim" and the other was for failing to provide him with a low-fat diet.
His second conviction was overturned on April 2, 2001. U. S. District Judge Stephen V. Wilson ruled that during the second trial, certain rulings had "precluded the defense from developing and presenting evidence material to significant issues in the case." According to a Los Angeles Times article by Jerry Hicks, Robin Samsoe's mother, Marianne Connelly, burst into tears when she heard that Alcala's second conviction had been vacated. Through her sobs, she wailed, "Oh, no! My God, how many times are they going to put us through this hell? This is just so unfair."
Five Murders and a fool for a client?
In September 2005, Rodney Alcala was indicted for four additional murders to which authorities had linked him with blood, fingerprint and DNA evidence. Much of the DNA evidence had been developed after 2002, when Alcala was forced to provide a DNA sample.
Those four were: Jill Barcomb, 18, a woman from Oneida, New York who had only been in California for three weeks when her body was found bludgeoned and strangled in Los Angeles on November 10, 1977; Georgia Wixted, 27, a registered nurse whose nude body was found on December 16, 1977 in her Malibu apartment, beaten, raped, and strangled; legal secretary Charlotte Lamb, 32, strangled and found naked in the laundry room of an El Segundo apartment complex on June 24, 1978; and computer program keypunch operator Jill Parenteau, 21, found strangled, nude, and propped up by pillows on the floor of her Burbank apartment on June 13, 1977.
Alcala pled not guilty to all four of the new murder charges on November 22, 2005.
Alcala's attorneys asked that he be tried separately on the Robin Samsoe murder. Prosecutors wanted all five cases tried together.
On March 24, 2006, Superior Court Judge Francisco Briseno granted the prosecution request to try the five cases together.
An attorney who had previously represented Alcala, John P. Dolan, called the ruling "a big victory for the prosecution." Dolan explained, "If you're a juror and you hear one murder case, you may be able to have reasonable doubt. But it's very hard to say you have reasonable doubt on all five, especially when four of the five aren't alleged by eyewitnesses but are proven by DNA matches."
By the time the trial opened on February 2, 2010, Rodney Alcala had decided to act as his own attorney. No longer the handsome and seemingly debonair young man who appeared on "The Dating Game," the lean-faced Alcala sported wavy gray hair flowing past his shoulders and a pair of horn-rimmed glasses.
Soft-spoken and articulate, he began his opening statement by telling the jury that Robin Samsoe had been murdered "about 10,820 days, five hours and 15 minutes ago. About 33 days and 16 hours later, I was arrested. I have been incarcerated ever since."
As he would throughout the trial, Alcala essentially ignored the charges of murdering the four adult women and focused on the Samsoe murder charge. It is possible that he regarded this as the most serious because of the girl's age. Scientist Kent A. Kiehl and Joshua W. Buckholtz have studied psychopaths and concluded, "Once fixed on a goal, psychopaths proceed as if they can't get off the train until it reaches the station." This "narrowly focused, full-speed-ahead tendency" might have influenced Alcala to focus almost exclusively on the charges that he had been fighting for years and pay little attention to the new ones.
In addressing the Samsoe accusations, Alcala projected a document on a screen before the jury that read: "The 6 Minute 15 Second Window of Opportunity." Alcala contended that this was the narrow time period in which Samsoe may have been kidnapped and promised that he would prove he was at Knott's Berry Farm during that time.
Alcala's performance as an attorney often seemed to lend credence to the old saying that someone who represents himself has a fool for a client. A Los Angeles Times piece by Paloma Esquivel observes, "In the early parts of the trial, while prosecutors attempted to tie Alcala to the slayings of the four Los Angeles County women, the defendant was almost absent. He asked few questions and made few objections. He waited until a prosecutor had finished interviewing one witness and then broke in quietly with a handful of objections to the testimony, unaware that it was late."
However, Esquivel also notes that Alcala "developed something of a rapport with [Judge] Briseno, who at times guides him through the legal process, and with Matt Murphy, Orange County senior deputy district attorney, whom Alcala often asks to help with exhibits."
At one point, Alcala cross-examined Samsoe's mother, Marianne Connelly. Gold ball earrings found in Alcala's locker and believed to have been worn by Samsoe at the time of her disappearance were a major piece of evidence in the prosecution's case.
Alcala repeatedly asked questions designed to show that Robin Samsoe had not been wearing such jewelry on the day of her disappearance. At one point, an obviously – and understandably – distressed Connelly retorted to her questioner, "You know if she had earrings on, don't you?"
Shortly after this exchange, the jury left the courtroom at the judge's request. Judge Briseno spoke to Connelly, acknowledging that it would inevitably be "difficult" for her to "take questions from the person that you feel is responsible for taking a life." He continued that the defendant had the constitutional right to act as his own attorney and asked her to show patience in her conduct on the witness stand.
With the jury back in court, Alcala again questioned Connelly about the earrings. At one point, he turned to the jury and said, "For me, the facts of the Samsoe case began in the summer of 1978. That's when I had my left earlobe doubly pierced."
To prove that he had the earring before the Samsoe slaying, Alcala played a 20-second clip from "The Dating Game" episode on which he had appeared. The clip showed Alcala and Cheryl Bradshaw after Bachelor Number One had been picked and gone beyond the partition to meet the awaiting Bachelorette. Alcala's dark hair was shoulder length so his ears were not easily discerned. However, Alcala told the jury they could spot the telltale earring if they really tried. He said, "You have to watch really closely when it plays because it's just a flash."
In the most surreal portion of the trial, Alcala acted at once as both witness and attorney. He took the stand, asked himself questions, and then answered his own questions. For five hours, Alcala asked, "What was the next thing you did, Mr. Alcala?" and, "After that, what did you do, Mr. Alcala?" During this bizarre self-questioning and answering session, Alcala explained that on June 20, 1979, the day of Robin Samsoe's disappearance, he had visited a friend at Seal Beach. Unable to find his pal, Alcala went to a picture frame store, then to Sunset Beach and finally to Knott's Berry Farm.
Alcala made little effort to dispute the blood, DNA and fingerprint data that prosecutors entered into evidence pointing to him as the murder of Jill Barcomb, Georgia Wixted, Charlotte Lamb and Jill Parenteau.
After deliberating less than two days, the jury convicted Alcala on all five counts of first-degree murder.
"He's a monster."
Each murder was aggravated by special circumstances of rape and/or kidnapping. A conviction of murder with special circumstances meant Alcala could receive either the death penalty or life without parole.
In his closing argument asking the jury to sentence him to life imprisonment, Alcala pointed out – quite correctly – that a death sentence could mean another 15 to 20 years of appeals. He continued that a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole "would end this matter now."
Alcala also told jurors that by voting for execution, "You become a wannabe killer in waiting." He tried to drive home this point by playing part of the song Alice's Restaurant, a Vietnam War protest song by Arlo Guthrie. The part of the song Alcala played in court was about a young man who had been drafted telling a military psychiatrist, "Shrink, I want to kill. I mean, I wanna, I wanna kill. . . . I wanna see blood and gore and guts and veins in my teeth. . . . I mean kill, kill, KILL, KILL."
Deputy District Attorney Matt Murphy urged the jury to sentence Alcala to death, calling the defendant "an evil monster."
The jury deliberated for a few hours and returned with a verdict of death.
Robert Samsoe, brother of victim Robin Samsoe, shouted, "Yes!" With tears streaming down her face, Robin's mother Marianne Connelly hugged family members and prosecutors.
Echoing the words of prosecutor Murphy, one juror explained the sentence by saying, "He's a monster. He's not a human being."
Questions left dangling
The jury's sentence was far from the last word on the Rodney Alcala saga. As he noted, his case is likely to drag on through over a decade or more of appeals.
There are also important questions that have not yet been answered. The most obvious is whether Alcala had more victims than the five of which he has been convicted of murdering.
He is considered the prime suspect in the previously mentioned murder of Ellen Hover and is also a suspect in the rape and murder of Cornelia Crilley, 23, a flight attendant whose body was found in her Manhattan apartment on June 12, 1971. Authorities say his DNA matches DNA found in Crilley's apartment.
However, New York law enforcement has stopped pursuing Alcala because of his status in California as a prisoner awaiting execution.
Investigators released photographs from his telltale storage locker and home in hopes of identifying those pictured and learning if any of them are either missing or dead. Several have been identified as alive. As of this writing, none have been connected to either a missing person's case or an unsolved murder.
Questions that linger include the vexing issues of why. Why did he rape and murder?
It is unlikely he will ever tell us. It is quite possible that he does not know.
"3 Tell of Alcala Contacts on Key Days." Los Angeles Times. April 10, 1980.
"Accused Killer Pleads Not Guilty; Man facing retrial in the death of an O.C. girl is charged with four murders in the 1970s." Los Angeles Times. November 23, 2005.
"Alcala Jury Hears Final Arguments." Los Angeles Times. April 29, 1980.
Brown, Doug. "Jury Finds Alcala Guilty in 1st Degree." Los Angeles Times. May 1, 1980.
Brown, Doug. "Witness Says She Believes She Saw Alcala With Girl." Los Angeles Times. March 21, 1980.
Buckholtz, Joshua W., and Kiehl, Kent A. "Inside the Mind of a Psychopath." Scientific American Mind. September/October 2010.
"Criminal profiler Pat Brown on the dating show serial killer Rodney Alcala." http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWe45bYQtqI
Esquivel, Paloma. "Alcala guilty in murders of O.C. girl, 4 women; it is his third trial in the abduction and killing of Robin Samsoe, 12, and his first in the others." Los Angeles Times. February 26, 2010.
Esquivel, Paloma. "Jury views 'Dating Game' clip of serial murder suspect; Rodney Alcala says the 1978 video from the TV hit shows an earring police said he took off victim in '79." Los Angeles Times. February 10, 2010.
Esquivel, Paloma. "Suspect in 5 killings acts as attorney; Rodney Alcala faces the death penalty for the third time. His decision to represent himself is criticized." Los Angeles Times. February 3, 2010.
Farr, Bill. "12-Year-Old-Girl's Killer Charges in Second Slaying." Los Angeles Times. July 12 1980.
"Girl's Killer Receives Second Death Verdict." Los Angeles Times. June 22, 1986.
Hicks, Jerry. "A Mother's Nightmares Get Even Worse; Victims: Marianne Connelly has been haunted for 21 years since her daughter's slaying. The idea that her twice-convicted killer could possibly go free is almost too much to bear." Los Angeles Times. April 4, 2001.
Hicks, Jerry. "Federal Judge Overturns Alcala Conviction; Prosecutors must decide whether to try man for the third time in the 1979 slaying of a Huntington Beach girl, 12." Los Angeles Times. April 3, 2001.
Jarlson, Gary. "Public Defender Leaves Alcala Case." Los Angeles Times. August 15, 1979.
Jarlson, Gary. "Suspect Pleads Innocent To Kidnaping [sic], Murder of Girl." Los Angeles Times. July 27, 1979.
Lin, Sara. "Judge OKs Merging 5 Trials for Murder." Los Angeles Times. March 25, 2006.
Pelisek, Christine. "Rodney Alcala: The Fine Art of Killing." LA Weekly. 1/21/2010.
"Serial Killer Rodney James Alcala on 'The Dating Game.'" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Uf95INZmWI.
Tripoli, Steve. "Murder Conviction Is Reversed for Man Sentenced to Death." Los Angeles Times. August 24, 1984.
"Witness in Alcala Trial Admits Lying." Los Angeles Times. March 26, 1980.
"Witness Puts Alcala in Area Body Was Found." Los Angeles Times. March 20, 1980.
"Witness Says Girl Seen Day After Disappearance." Los Angeles Times. April 9, 1980.


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The National Electrical Code is written for people who understand electrical terms, theory, and trade practices. Such persons include electrical contractors, electrical inspectors, electrical engineers, and qualified electricians. The Code was not written to serve as an instructive or teaching manual for untrained persons [90-1(c)]. Learning to use the NEC is like learning to play the game of chess. You first must learn the terms used to identify the game pieces, the concepts of how each piece moves and the layout of how the pieces are placed on the board. Once you have this basic understanding of the game, you're ready to start playing it. But all you can do is make crude moves because you really don't understand what you're doing. To play the game well, you'll need to study the rules, understand the subtle and complicated strategies, and then practice, practice, practice. The same principle applies with the Code. Learning the terms, concepts, and layout of the NEC gives you just enough knowledge to be dangerous. Perhaps most difficult is learning the subtle meanings within the Code rules themselves. Thousands of different applications of electrical installations exist, but not every application has a specific Code rule. To properly apply the NEC, you must understand the safety-related issue of the rule and then apply common sense. NEC terms and concepts The Code uses many technical terms and expressions. It's crucial that all Code users understand the meanings of basic technical and Code terms such as ampere, backfed, induction, raceway, etc. to understand how to apply the rule itself. It is not only the technical words that require close attention in the NEC; even the simplest words can make a big difference. The word "or" can imply alternate choices for equipment, wiring methods, and other requirements. Sometimes "or" can mean any item in a group. The word "and" can be an additional requirement, or any item in a group. Finally, it's critical that the Code user have a good foundation of basic electrical circuitry, math and the formulas needed to apply many of the rules. Note. Electricians, engineers, and other trade-related professionals have created their own terms and phrases (slang or jargon). One of the problems with the use of slang terms is that the words mean different things to different people, resulting in confusion. Understanding the safety related concepts behind NEC rules means understanding how and why things work the way they do (electrical theory). How does a bird sit on an energized power line without getting toasted? Why, when we install a lot of wires close together, are we required to reduce the amount of current that each conductor can carry? Why can't a single current-carrying conductor be installed within a metal raceway? Why does the NEC permit a 40A circuit breaker to protect motor circuit conductors that are only rated 20A? Why are bonding jumpers sometimes required for metal raceways containing 480Y/277V circuits, but not for 120/240V circuits? If you understand why or how things work, you have a better chance of understanding the NEC rules. The NEC Style Understanding the NEC structure and writing style is extremely important to understand and use the Code effectively. The National Electrical Code is organized into 12 components. 1. Chapters (major categories) 2. Articles (individual subjects) 3. Parts (divisions of an article) 4. Sections, lists, and tables (Code rules) 5. Exceptions (Code rules) 6. Fine Print Notes (explanatory material, not mandatory Code language) 7. Definitions (Code rules) 8. Superscript Letter X 9. Marginal Notations, Code changes (|) and deletions 10. Table of Contents 11. Index 12. Appendices 1. Chapters. Each of the nine chapters contains articles. The nine chapters fall into four groupings: General Rules: Chapters 1 through 4 Specific Rules (Hazardous locations, signs, control wiring): Chapters 5 through 7 Communication Systems (Telephone, Radio/Television, and Cable TV Systems): Chapter 8 Tables: Chapter 9 2. Articles. The NEC contains about 125 articles. An article covers a specific subject as in the following examples: Article 110-General Requirements Article 250-Grounding Article 300-Wiring Methods Article 430-Motors Article 500-Hazardous (classified) Locations Article 680-Swimming Pools Article 725-Control Wiring Article 800-Communication Wiring 3. Parts. When an Article is sufficiently large, the Article is subdivided into Parts. For example, Article 250 contains nine parts, including: Part A. General Part B. Circuit and System Grounding Part C. Grounding Electrode System 4. Sections, Lists, and Tables. Sections. Each actual Code rule is called a section and is identified with numbers, such as Section 225-26. A Code section may be broken down into subsections by letters in parentheses, and numbers in parentheses may further break down each subsection. For example, the rule that requires all receptacles in a bathroom to be GFCI protected is contained in Section 210-8(a)(1). Note. Many in the electrical industry incorrectly use the term "article" when referring to a Code section. Lists. The 1999 NEC has changed the layout of some Sections that contain lists of items. If a list is part of a numeric subsection, such as Section 210-52(a)(2), then the items are listed as a., b., c., etc. However, if a list is part of a section, then the items are identified as (1), (2), (3), (4), etc. Tables. Many Code requirements are contained within tables, which are a systematic list of Code rules in an orderly arrangement. For example, Table 300-15 lists the burial depths of cables and raceways. 5. Exceptions. Exceptions are italicized and provide an alternative to a specific rule. The two types of exceptions are mandatory and permissive. When a rule has several exceptions, those exceptions with mandatory requirements are listed before those written in permissive language. Mandatory Exception. A mandatory exception uses the words "shall" or "shall not." The word "shall" in an exception means that if you are using the exception, you are required to do it in a particular way. The term "shall not" means that you cannot do something. Permissive Exception. A permissive exception uses such words as "shall be permitted," which means that it is accepted to do it in this way. 6. Fine Print Note, (FPN), [90-5]. A Fine Print Note contains explanatory material intended to clarify a rule or give assistance, but it is not Code requirement. FPN's often use the term "may," but never "shall." 7. Definitions. Definitions are listed in Article 100 and throughout the NEC. In general, the definitions listed in Article 100 apply to more than one Code Article, such as "branch circuit," which is used in many articles. Article-Definitions at the beginning of a specific article applies only to that article. For example, the definition of a "swimming pool" is contained in Section 680-4 because this term applies only to the requirements of Article 680-Swimming Pools. Part-Definitions located in a part of an article apply only to that part of the article. For example, the definition of "motor control circuit" applies only to Article 430, Part F. Section-Definitions located in a Code section apply only to that Code section. For example, the definition of "Festoon Lighting" located in Section 225-6(b) applies only to the requirements contained in Section 225-6. 8. Superscript letter X. The superscript letter X indicates that the material was extracted from other technical standards published by the NFPA. Appendix A, at the back of the Code, identifies the NFPA documents and the section(s) from which the material was extracted. 9. Changes and deletions. Changes and deletions to the NEC are identified in the margins of the 1999 NEC in the following manner: A vertical line (|) marks changes and a bullet identifies deletion of a Code rule. Many rules in the 1999 NEC were relocated. The place from which the Code rule was removed has a bullet in the margin, and the place where the rule was inserted has a vertical line (|) in the margin. 10. Table of contents. The Table of Contents located in the front of the Code book displays the layout of the chapters, articles, and parts as well as their location in the Code book. 11. Index. We all know the purpose of an index, but it's not that easy to use. You really need to know the correct term. Often it's much easier to use the Table of Contents. 12. Appendices. The four appendices in the 1999 NEC are:
Appendix A-Extract Information Appendix B-Ampacity Engineering Supervision
Appendix C-Conduit and Tubing Fill Tables Appendix D-Electrical Calculation Examples How to find things in the Code How fast you find things in the NEC depends on your experience. Experienced Code users often use the Table of Contents instead of the index. For example, what Code rule indicates the maximum number of disconnects permitted for a service? Answer: You need to know that Article 230 is for Services and that it contains a Part F. Disconnection Means. If you know this, using the Table of Contents, you'll see that the answer is contained at page 66. People frequently use the index, which lists subjects in alphabetical order. It's usually the best place to start for specific information. Unlike most books, the NEC index does not list page numbers; it lists sections, tables, articles, parts, and appendices by their section number. Note. Many people say the Code takes them in circles, and sometimes it does. However, this complaint is often heard from inexperienced persons who don't understand electrical theory, electrical terms, and electrical practices. Customizing your code book One way for you to get comfortable with your Code book is to customize it to meet your needs. You can do this by highlighting, underlining Code rules, and using convenient tabs. Highlighting and Underlining. As you read through this book, highlight in the NEC book those Code rules that are important to you such as yellow for general interest, and orange for rules you want to find quickly. As you use the index and the table of contents, highlight terms in those areas as well. Underline or circle key words and phrases in the NEC with a red pen (not a lead pencil) and use a 6-in. ruler to keep lines straight and neat. Because of the new format of the 1999 NEC (81/2 in. x 11 in.), I highly recommend that you highlight in green the parts of at least the following Articles. Article 230-Services Article 250-Grounding Article 410-Fixtures Article 430-Motors Tabbing the NEC. Tabbing the NEC permits you to quickly access Code Article, Section, or Tables. However, too many tabs will defeat the purpose. Experience has shown that the best way to tab the Code book is to start by placing the last tab first and the first tab last (start at the back of the book and work your way toward the front). Install the first tab, and then place each following tab so that they do not overlap the information of the previous tab. The following is a list of Articles and Sections I most commonly refer to. Place a tab only on the Sections or Articles that are important to you.

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We have in stock a full range of distributors brand new and fully reconditioned for all SUBARU cars these units are sold as exchange units, they are covered by our 12 month unlimited mileage warranty. We can also supply used units these are fully tested and come with 6 months warranty.
Or you can take advantage of our free testing and repair service, we only charge you the postage if not faulty, and only charge for parts if faulty and you will get 1 years warranty on any work carried out by our self's, for the more confident, we can supply full repair kits which come complete with new coil, ignition module with sensors, seals, distributor cap and rotor arm and a bag of new screws everything you need to fully recondition your unit. All parts with 1 years warranty, if you know the part that has malfunctioned we can supply just that part thus saving you time and money.
SUBARU distributor units are fitted with a hall affect sensor as the distributor rotates, a signal is sent to the E C U, which in turn sends a pulse to the ignition module which then amplifies the current to send to the coil when this sensor malfunctions no signal is made hence no spark at the plug.
Fitting new hall senor is the only solution we can supply these sensors for any SUBARU distributor. They are easy to fit, taking only 15 minutes. Or you can send to us and we will fit free of charge.
SUBARU Lambda sensor problems. These are also called Oxygen Sensors and O2 sensors
These are common faults we can supply the original Lambda sensor made in Italy by the OE manufacture. Please click here.
Symptoms of a faulty Lambda sensor
Erratic Idle.
Can be caused by the faulty sensor giving the wrong out put signal to the ECU, if the heater element fails the car will run to rich as the ECU thinks the car is running at a cold temperature causing the ECU to constantly try to cut the mixture strength back to correct the situation. Beyond which the flame front will not burn cleanly, leading to misfire and increased emissions. Often black smoke from the exhaust is emitted
SUBARU Airflow meters
Air Flow Meters are a common problem on most European cars at the moment and SUBARU are no exception. Air Flow Meters measure the amount of air passing into the engine from which the computer can work out how much fuel to add to get the perfect mixture for that specific throttle opening, the computer does this by referring to a map in its memory.
The Air Flow Meter works by seeing how much current it takes to keep a wire at a specific temperature. The fault will often not be shown on diagnostic system as the meter will still be operating within the limits the computer believes are OK, but putting the correct amount of fuel in for idle when the throttle is fully open will result in a very weak mixture and thus a lack of power.
The air flow meters will occasionally fail completely which will bring up a light on the dash and the symptoms described here are only the usual ones, as we have known the fault to become apparent in other ways.
The easiest way to check if the Air flow meter is faulty is to unplug the wiring loom start the car if the car runs ok then the fault is with the airflow meter.
Luckily Airflow meters are very easy to fit and normally only take 5 minutes to fit you do not need any special tools to fit them and with a very small purchase price they are no major problem when there go wrong.
Beware however as Lambda (or Oxygen) sensors in the exhaust can also give very similar symptoms to Air Flow Meters.
SUBARU Ignition coil Problems
The working principle of Ignition coils have not changed much since the internal combustion engine first started life more that 100 years ago. The function of any ignition coil is to convert a low voltage, usually 12 volts, into a voltage high enough, 35,000 volts and up, to jump the spark plug gap and ignite the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber. It performs this function by making use of the principle of induction. The inside of a coil consist of primary and secondary windings of wire coiled around a vertically mounted soft-iron core. Because of the ratio of primary to secondary windings, a small input voltage is transformed into a very large output voltage.
Many of today's vehicles SUBARU are equipped with D.I.S. or distributor less ignition systems. These vehicles do not use a distributor. In place of the distributor they use sensors to fire an ignition coil pack. There are two styles of ignition coil packs. The first type of coil pack has all the coils mounted on one mounting pad then bolted on top of the spark plugs these are known as cassette coil. If any of the coils are found to be defective, the entire coil pack must be replaced.
The second type of ignition coil has all the coils mounted individually on to the spark plugs these are commonly called Pencil type coil. On this system, if one coil is found to be defective, it may be replaced as a separate unit. Testing procedures on these coils are the same as the procedures described below. As always you should refer to a specific automotive service manual for details and specifications on your vehicle.
SUBARU Crankshaft Sensors
A Crankshaft Sensor is a component used in an engine to monitor the position or rotational speed of the crankshaft. This information is used by engine management systems to control ignition system timing and other engine parameters. Before electronic crank sensors were available, the distributor would have to be manually adjusted to a timing mark on the engine.
The crankshaft sensor can be used in combination with a similar camshaft position sensor to monitor the relationship between the pistons and valves in the engine, which is particularly important in engines with variable valve timing. It is also commonly the primary source for the measurement of engine speed in its RPM.
Crankshaft sensors in engines usually consist of magnets and an inductive coil, or they may be based on magnetically triggered hall effect semiconductor devices. Common mounting locations include the main crank pulley, the flywheel, and occasionally on the crankshaft itself.
SUBARU Camshaft Sensors
The Camshaft Sensor is used to help the PCM (power-train control module) determine the correct firing order. The engine will not run without this sensor's input.
The camshaft sensor is a Hall Effect sensor. The Hall Effect type of cam sensor uses notches or shutter blades on the cam gear or balancer to disrupt a magnetic field in the hall effect sensor window. This causes the sensor to switch on and off, producing a digital signal or Hall-effect signal to the PCM that it uses to determine when the number 1 cylinder comes up on top-dead centre (TDC). This sensor information is used to phase the sequential firing of the fuel injectors during normal SFI operation.
SUBARU MAP Sensors
A MAP sensor (manifold absolute pressure) is one of the sensors used in an internal combustion engine's electronic control system. The manifold absolute pressure measurement is critical to an engine's electronic control unit (ECU) in order to calculate fuel and spark requirements. Not all engines use the speed-density airflow determination method, so not all engines need a MAP sensor. A MAP sensor is almost exclusively used in conjunction with fuel injection.
Manifold absolute pressure is an accurate indicator of the mass of fuel an engine requires, vacuum is only a differential to some other pressure. Carburettors relied significantly on vacuum, and although they were precise, they were not accurate fuel metering systems, and therefore unable to satisfy modern automobile emissions control legislation. Accurate and precise air mass measurement is required to meter fuel mass in a stoichio-metric manner to achieve acceptable emission control under all operating conditions. A MAP sensor is a component used in the speed-density method of accurately determining the engine's air mass flow rate.
SUBARU Throttle Position Sensors
A Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is a sensor used to monitor the position of the throttle in an internal combustion engine. The sensor is usually located on the butterfly spindle so that it can directly monitor the position of the butterfly throttle valve.
The sensor is usually a potentiometer and therefore provides a variable resistance dependent upon the position of the butterfly valve (and hence throttle position).
The sensor signal is used by the Engine Control Unit (ECU) as an input to its control system. The ignition timing and fuel injection timing (and potentially other parameters) are altered depending upon the position of the throttle, and also depending on the rate of change of that position. For example, in fuel injected engines, in order to avoid stalling, extra fuel may be injected if the throttle is opened rapidly (mimicking the accelerator pump of carburetor systems).


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Tonight I Anticipate Something Special
I don't care what you are doing tonight, cancel it and get down to Tropical Field. On tap tonight should be a classic pitcher's match-up between two completely different style of starters who could put on a nice pitching clinic tonight that could be the eventual precursor to either of them getting a possible shot to hit the dirt first at this season's All Star Game in Kansas City.
If a total of 17 combined wins between New York Mets hurler R A Dickey and Tampa Bay Rays southpaw starter David Price can not get you excited about this contest, you had better go have your pulse checked, because you might be dead. On tap tonight could be the premier InterLeague pitching match-up of not only this week, but the entire InterLeague sliver of the 2012 season, and it all will be played out under the tilted cap in St. Petersburg.
If that is not enough to make you pile into the jalopy and putter on down to 1 Tropicana Drive, in town for this limited engagement is a team that used to hold their annual Spring Training locally here in the 'Burg, and is making their first trek into their old Spring home turf in 11 years. Member when the Mets used to come here every Spring from 1962 to1987 holding court over in the fields near the Jungle Prada section of the city.
I mean personally, I'm totally curious to see what a "hard knuckleball" looks like coming in at possibly 80 mph in comparison to the butterfly slow velocity knuckler thrown by former Red Sox pitcher Tim Wakefield. I am truly eager to see not only how Dickey can adjust and pitch against this struggling Rays offense, but will keep a keen eye on the Mets catcher to see just how you can keep that fluttering white sphere in your glove. Looking at the opposite side of the spectrum, it should be another chance for Price to again show some of his tricks of the trade via a blazing fastball combined with a newly refined curve and change-up to keep the Mets bats honest.
Surely this contest is billed as a "pitcher's duel" with the unique possibility of a 1-0 or 2-1 score deciding this contest. But do not forget, these two hurlers have also posted 148 K's and each sports an impressive ERAs between 2.40 (Price) and 2.44 (Dickey) this season. They also both have held opposing batters to stellar opposition batting average that are just a tick South of .236 mark and both have 1 shutout and complete game to their credit this season.
Heck, the only blip on either pitcher's radar to show any weakness might be the fact Price only went 5 innings in his last start against the Yankees in New York. You would have to dig all the way back to Price's start on April 13th in Boston to find any sub 5 inning start by the consistent southpaws this season. Dickey also suffered his only sub 5 inning stint about the same time this season when he only lasted 4.2 innings on April 18th in a contest in Atlanta against the Braves. Both have been consistent in going into the late innings of games, with powerful pitches at their disposal.
Tonight it is a mano-on-mano match-up. Classic hard-nose power pitching against the crafty and frustrating ball that can come in hard, or flutter like a firefly under the dome's lights. If you like the Chess match that can turn into a baseball game, this is the game for you. So, why aren't you here already? This game has all the earmarks of possibly turning into an instant classic 2012 baseball moment.
I'll save you a seat.


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Rangers come out strong to take series split with A's
Before the game, Texas Rangers manager Ron Washington didn't put too much stake into today's game against the Oakland Athletics. He wasn't going to call it the biggest game to date.
In Washington's mind, win or lose, the Rangers would still be leading the American League West. But he has to be feeling better after the Rangers held on for a 9-7 victory over the Athletics on Thursday afternoon.
Texas extended its lead to four games over Oakland with six to play, and dropped the playoff magic number to three.
The Rangers started the game strong with a five-run first inning. Ian Kinsler got the rally going with a leadoff homer, Michael Young came through with a two-run single and Mike Napoli belted a two-run opposite field shot to cap it off.
The A's and Rangers swapped single runs in the second and third, and each scored two a piece in the fourth.
Trailing 9-4 going into the eighth, Oakland pulled within striking distance, 9-7, with three solo homers off Texas setup man Mike Adams. Rangers right-hander Koji Uehara got the final out of the eighth, though, and Joe Nathan closed out the ninth for his 36th save.
Texas starter Matt Harrison won his 18th game, allowing four runs on seven hits with one walk and two strikeouts over six innings.
-- Drew Davison


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Sunday, I transcribed the last of the letters from 1918. In fact, this letter was written a week before Christmas and John (my grandfather) laments to Mary (my future grandmother) that he hasn't any gifts to send, or Christmas cards, because none are to be found in the area and he hasn't been paid since August anyhow.
John was with the 23rd Regiment of Engineers, but was on detached duty from September 2nd until after the Armistice.
In the last few letters I've learned that my grandmother took a job in Jefferson City, Missouri, but unfortunately her letters from this time do not survive, so I can't say exactly what that job was. Go Grandma!
I've often said that I never saw this softer side of my grandfather, the side that he showed to his first wife, Mary Bowman. In almost every letter that I have, he tells her he loves her more and more every day. I really love this because it is almost word for word what my DH and I tell each other on a daily basis.
On a historical note, I discovered that Mary's sister Frances & her husband Hugh Rogers both had suffered from the influenza during the great epidemic. Both recovered. This is actually the only account I have of the flu in these letters.
Also, in this last letter of the year, he tells her he wants to work in drainage engineering in Minnesota after he is discharged and he is making plans with another fellow who was from that area to work there. I don't think this plan panned out since in February of 1920, John was again in Iowa just prior to his marriage to Mary. And instead he ended up working in Detroit, see my post for Monday, April 12th.
Finally, the best line in this letter is John talking about celebrating of the Armistice on November 11, 1918. He presumed Mary and everyone he knew in Missouri celebrated, but he was saving his celebration when he could see the Statue of Liberty from the Jersey shore!
Copyright 2010, ACK for Gene Notes
Wednesday, April 14, 2010
The Letter Project
3 comments:
I also have some passes that allowed John to move around in France from one camp to another. I will put all the John S. Stuff together for you. Have you found anything out about the french currency?ReplyDelete
Reminded me that I wanted to show them to DH. Currency is sitting in envelope awaiting it's turn.ReplyDelete
He was on detached duty a couple times.ReplyDelete
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Game Leaders
Team Stats
Passing Yards
Rushing Yards
Time of Poss.
Cody Miller's two-yard rushing touchdown off an option-pitch from Ryan Kramer gave the St. John Fisher College football team a 13-7 win in overtime in its season and home-opener over Thomas More College in a matchup between two top 20 teams.
The No. 11 Cardinals outgained the No. 20 Saints, 403-130, including Kramer's 35 rushes for 127 yards from under center, but were plagued by four turnovers, including two first-half interceptions inside the Thomas More 10-yard line.
The Fisher defense only forced one turnover, an interception by All-American Troy Sant in the third quarter, but was suffocating throughout the evening, and allowed just six yards of total offense over after the opening two quarters.
Fisher scored on the game's opening drive, as the Cardinals marched 72 yards on 16 plays with Tyler Stell scoring his first career touchdown on a nine-yard pass from Kramer. The drive took nearly eight minutes off the clock.
The Saints evened the score with 10:18 left in the second quarter with Devin Kendrick scoring on a six-yard pass from Luke Magness. The drive went 91 yards on 11 plays, with a 31-yard pass from Magness to Domonique Hayden sparking the drive.
It would remain 7-7 for the rest of regulation. The Cardinals nearly scored on the final drive of regulation when Kramer completed a 42-yard pass to Kevin Francis to the Thomas More 10-yard line with under one second left. The Cardinals, who didn't have a time out left, were able to get a play off, but Kramer was tackled behind the line of scrimmage as time expired.
In overtime, Fisher's Joe Leavell and Cody Foster sacked Magness on the first play for a loss of five yards. After two incompletions, Magness completed a pass for just five yards on the 4th-and-15 play.
The Cardinals capitalized after the defensive stop. Kramer rushed for nine yards to get inside the red zone, and Nathan Nigolian made a 13-yard completion to the Thomas More 2-yard line to set up Miller's game-winning score.
Miller rushed the ball 18 times for 64 yards, while Nigolian caught seven passes for 47 yards to lead Fisher's receiving core. Kramer completed 17-of-24 passes for 186 yards.
For Thomas More, Magness was 12-for-23 through the air for 85 yards. As a team, the Saints gained just 45 yards on 26 carries.
Travis Tones led the Fisher defense with eight tackles, while Leavell was in on seven stops. Foster and Nick LoBrutto each registered 1.0 sacks.
For Thomas More, Nick Pennekamp made 13 tackles, while Alex Taylor was credited with 12 stops. Both players also recovered Fisher fumbles.
Fisher returns to action next Saturday at Washington & Jefferson College.


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Just in, the Knicks have just extended a qualifying offer worth a little over 1 million dollars to backup small forward Derrick Brown. The good news keeps on coming today. First the Kurt Thomas rumors, now this. I am a big Derrick Brown fan. He's 6'8, 220 pounds. I think he has a ton of potential due to his great athleticism. During Mike D'Antoni's late season tryout for playoff bench minutes, I thought Brown played very well. Obviously he wasn't going to play many minutes as he was a new comer from Charlotte after the deadline and he still has a long way to go, but I would have been interested to see how he did thrown in against Boston in the playoffs. Couldn't have been any worse then Bill Walker's 0-11 in game 1. I like Brown's potential a lot. His dunk against Toronto just showed what kind of player he can be. I think some of the decision to pass up Chris Singleton in the draft had to do with the fact that the Knicks are very high on Derrick Brown. The way the roster stands right now, Brown would be in line to compete with Bill Walker (…) for minutes as Carmelo Anthony's backup. Clearly I dislike Walker a lot and I like Brown. I really hope we keep him and I will be excited to see how he progresses in the coming years.
Here's Brown's monster dunk on Toronto this year:
Image via CBS New YorkFollow @tarmosino


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|My great grandparents, Daniel and Millie (Travis) Proctor, Wedding- 1900
Right up front, I want to say that my grandmother Aune Reini Proctor said that Dan and Millie were the nicest people she ever met. Since she was their daughter-in-law, this is pretty significant. Aune met a lot of people in her 96 years of life and I never heard her say the same thing about anyone else. For this alone, they deserve to be remembered. Fortunately, this is not all that I know about them.
Thanks to the wonderful people over at Iowa Old Press who have transcribed and posted so many gems about my Travis family, I found their wedding announcement:
October 25, 1900
On October 24, 1900, at 7:00 o'clock p.m., Mr. Daniel H. Proctor and Miss Amelia Travis, Rev. E. Dickinson officiating. The wedding was a quiet one and took place at the home of the bride's parents, Mr. and Mrs. A. Travis, the immediate friends of the contracting parties only being present, with Livingston Mitchell who played the wedding march. The couple left on Tuesday morning for Omaha and will make a tour through Kansas to look up a location for a home. Their many friends extend warmest greetings and prayers for their happiness and success.
Millie was 30 and Daniel was 34 when they married - unusually late for a first marriage in those days. I have found no evidence of an earlier marriage for either of them and in the 1900 Federal Census, just prior to the marriage, both lived with their tight-knit families. The Travises were one of the founding families in this area of Iowa and Millie was born and raised there, so it is a bit surprising that their wedding was such a quiet affair.
Daniel's family had moved from Equality, Illinois, the place of his birth, to Sidney sometime between the 1880 Federal Census and the 1885 Iowa State Census. I have not yet discovered what precipitated this move by Daniel's widowed mother, Mary Hewitt Proctor, and her children. Judging from the number of Proctors there in later censuses and in the cemeteries, it appears that others from the extended Proctor family may have been involved. Daniel's father, Ephraim, passed away in 1875, so Mary and the children may have been somewhat dependent on family members who decided to relocate. (Whatever it was, I am thankful!)
I had never heard that Dan and Millie considered living in Kansas before reading the snippet above. I have wondered what motivated them to move away from Millie's well established family in Sidney and settle in the Seattle area. This tells me that they had planned to move from the outset of their marriage, so it wasn't a spontaneous or rash decision. Judging from their children's birth dates and places, they came to Washington State between March 1903 and March 1905. Since their daughter Cleo Proctor Cavanaugh wrote in a letter from 1990 that she was born in the first house that Daniel built at 4221 Ferdinand St, Columbia City, they must have been there for awhile before her birth in March 1905 to allow time for the construction, thus narrowing the window.
|4221 Ferdinand St, Columbia City, WA
[Update - Thanks to Scott R's comment below, I did some research on the house. Apparently, the current owner is running a yoga studio out of it (it must have good energy!). I will have to take a yoga class next time I am up there. Also, the state archivist is in the process of retrieving a photo of it from 1937. It was built in 1904.]
Millie and Dan spent the rest of their lives in the Seattle area and raised a happy family of four sons and one daughter. I have many photos of them in their later years, but I especially like the one below for the following two reasons:
1) They look every bit as pleasant as my grandmother Aune described them.
2) I am quite confident that I recognize the shadow on Millie's dress.
I find it a fitting metaphor that just as Aune's remembrances of Dan and Millie shaped my understanding of them, her silhouette is clearly visible in this image. In our search for our ancestors, we often find ourselves "chasing their shadows," so be sure to find out all you can about your family history from your older relatives. It may be the only real chance that you have to get to know those who have gone before you.


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SCHURTER, Inc. receives Best Places to Work Award
Every year the North Bay Business Journal solicits nominations for its Best Places to Work competition. Eligible companies must be located in six Northern California counties. Nominations may be submitted by any employee. If the nomination is accepted by the Business Journal, the company has to complete a formal application, and all employees of the nominated company are invited to participate in an online survey which asks questions about their views of the company they work for, the people they work with, the employment conditions, etc. A response rate of at least 50% of employees is required for the nomination to go forward. We can proudly state that SCHURTER, Inc. achieved an employee participation rate of 95% this year.
After a three month process of gathering nominations and applications, collecting the anonymous employee input and then performing an extensive review, winners are selected in various categories, depending on the number of employees, from a minimum of 15 to several thousand.
The award is formally known as the North Bay Business Journal's Best Places to Work and, in the Journal's own words, "It recognizes organizations which are rising above others in quality, professionalism, respect and camaraderie as reported by their employees."
An awards ceremony for all participants will be held at the end of September, and winners will be presented with a commemorative plaque. The event regularly attracts about 700 representatives from industry and commerce in Sonoma, Napa, Marin and other North Bay counties.
"I am very pleased by the decade-long recognition SCHURTER, Inc. is receiving, and I am especially proud of the active involvement by our dedicated employees in the nomination process," said company CEO, Leonard Overholser.


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This high society black tie affair began with a red carpet walk that rivaled Hollywood's Oscar night, but instead of celebrating movie stars it was the Park Hyatt Bangkok. Placed on top of the Iconic Central Embassy Shopping Mall in heart of the city, this is the flagship property of the Central Group Chirathivat family who has expanded their operations into Germany, Italy and Demark.
At the end of the walk, guests we're directed to an outdoor champagne & wine reception complete with a 40 piece symphony orchestra playing under a steamy but clear Bangkok night. All were happy because it had been pouring the past four nights!
After opening remarks by hotel management and Thai dignitaries, was a champagne toast with gold and silver glitter sprayed high in the air.
Guests were then shown inside Central Embassy to a lounge with free flow champagne, wine and hor d'oeurve. All were treated to live smooth jazz by the three-time Grammy winning Robert Glasper Trio. It was the first time in Bangkok for the group and the Thai's were loving it!
Here's a visual tour of Central Embassy then up to Park Hyatt on the 9th floor.
The interior mall is comprised of 8 floors that are light and open making for tranquil walking areas.
This is one-stop luxury shopping featuring all the top brands in fashion, international restaurants and a state-of-the-art cinema complex with 5 theaters utilizing the most advanced screens, projectors and audio systems.
Central Embassy Shopping Mall has a unique design somewhat like a Frank Gehry creation but with Thai flair. " It was designed by AL_A, the London-based studio founded by Amanda Levete and Bangkok-based Pi Design. The hotel and and shopping mall are bound together by a continual looped form merging plinth and tower.
The twisted coil forms a three-dimensional figure of eight, a lucky number in Chinese culture. Drawing on motifs and patterns found in traditional Thai architecture, the eye-catching façade is clad in extruded aluminum tiles, creating a shimmering moiré-like pattern. The design comes together with spectacular views of the bustling, energetic city from numerous outdoor terraces."
The Park Hyatt begins on the 9th floor with rooms to the 29th floor.
We closed out the evening on the 35th floor in the packed Penthouse Bar + Grill with a ¾ spectacular view of bustling Bangkok below.
The free flow of beverage and hors douves never stopped. The bar was rocking with a DJ soon to be followed by the much-anticipated Grammy winner from West London, Estelle.
She belted out her new single release "Woman's World" and her Grammy hit that launch her career, "American Boy." The crowd was ecstatic!
There were so many great things about the evening but one that really makes a difference is the people you meet and are around you. The Thai people are friendly and gracious, extremely creative and their hospitality is next to none!
Feature & photography By Daniel Herron - Copyright 2017
Estelle Photo - The Central Group.


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Request an appointment: Personal Research Session
Save yourself some time in the library and on the Internet, and spend your research time more efficiently, by signing up for a personal research session.
Our librarians can assist you at all stages of the research process. We will work with you to find useful reference works, online indexes, and other sources, and show you how to use these tools to find lots of relevant information quickly.
To sign up for a personal research session, please complete the form below, and one of our librarians will get in touch with you by email to set up an appointment time.


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Unique extras
Enhance your stay with a unique experience from one of our hand-picked preferred suppliers. From professional in-house chefs to luxury at-home spa therapists and wine delivered to the door, see what's on offer for your bespoke escape.
Luxury Self-Catering Cottages » UK » Gloucestershire » Moreton-in-Marsh » The Aviary » Extras
Disclaimer: These particulars, whilst believed to be accurate, are set as a guideline only. They are intended to give a fair description, but should not be relied upon as being a statement of fact. The photographs appearing on this website show only certain parts and aspects of the property at the time when the photographs were taken and it should not be assumed that the property remains precisely as displayed in the photographs. If there are any points of particular importance that need clarifying before you confirm your booking please do not hesitate to ask.


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Watch REPLAY of Lutetia flyby webcast
REPLAY of live webcast of media event from ESA/ESOC covering Rosetta's flyby of asteroid 21 Lutetia on 10 July 2010.
- 18:00-18:45 CEST - Media event plus live updates from Rosetta control room
- 23:00-23:45 CEST - Presentation of first images
Moderated programme includes interviews with mission scientists, Rosetta operations engineers and senior ESA managers.
Watch live streaming video from eurospaceagency at livestream.com


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World Professional Standings
2007 - 23rd
2006 - 24th
2005 - 28th
2004 - 10th/11th
2003 - 23rd
Major Awards And Victories
Personal Information
Herman Flad was a veteran driver with over 35 years experience with a very distinguished driving record. He has won several major and prestigious chuckwagon events including the inaugural WPCA Pro Tour Championship, the Calgary Stampede Rangeland Derby, the Grande Prairie Stompede, the Klondike Chuckwagon Derby, and twice won the Cheyenne Frontier Days championship. Herman has qualified for the Calgary Stampede's sudden death championship final heat four times, is a 2-time winner of the WPCA's Most Improved Chuckwagon Outfit Award, and won the 1980 NPCA Championship. 2007 saw Herman posted 14 top ten runs, including 5 runs that cracked the top 5. A 9th place overall finishes at the Grande Prairie Stompede, and 4th place overall finishes at the Medicine Hat Exhibition & Stampede and the Colonial Days Fair in Lloydminster were his best of the year.
On August 5, 2008, Herman was killed as the result of a highway accident while commuting from the WPCA Dodge Pro Tour Championship in Strathmore to the Battle of the North in Dawson Creek. He was 68 years old. Herman is survived by his wife Jean, three children--fellow chuckwagon drivers--Troy (Shannon) & Darcy (Rochelle), and Shelly (Dave Biever) and 9 grandchildren.
Past Drivers
© World Professional Chuckwagon Association


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Kansas City, Missouri
Dog Training
Dog Training in Kansas City, Missouri
Midwest Dog Training provides dog training in Kansas City, Missouri. Midwest Dog Training Kansas City dog training specializes In-Home Kansas City dog obedience training and instruction as well as board and dog obedience training services. After completion of the dog obedience training private instruction or board and train program, we offer on-going support for our Kansas City dog training customers in the form of dog obedience training follow up. Kansas City dog training is offers real world dog obedience training opportunities for dogs and owners.
If you live in Kansas City and are in need of either dog training to define boundaries for your new puppy, dog obedience training for achieving better off leash control around distractions, or Kansas City Dog obedience training to fix behavioral problems, our Kansas City dog training locations can help you achieve your dog training and dog obedience goals. Contact our Kansas City dog training office today to start building a better relationship between you and your dog. Click here for Kansas City dog training and Kansas City dog obedience training scheduling...
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Old Strategies Hinder Common Core's Success – SchoolBook
Old Strategies Hinder Common Core's Success http://t.co/VEqfQ5y1 #teaching #commoncore #edpolicy #education #edu
Teachers Find iPad Slide-sharing App Nearpod Like 'PowerPoint on Steroids' — THE Journal
Teachers Find iPad Slide-sharing App Nearpod Like 'Powepoint on Steroids' http://t.co/k0NuorI5 via @zite @nearpod <— It's awesome!
The Falling Man – Tom Junod – 9/11 Suicide Photograph – Esquire
"Click here"
Educational Leadership:Feedback for Learning:Seven Keys to Effective Feedback
Wiggins article on Feedback (addresses praise and advice) http://t.co/MZJFEZLo #engchat @ThinkThankThunk @nwhyluckysgirl
Operations & Algebraic Thinking – Beard's Brilliant Brains!
I LOVE @MentorMob – it helps me organize shorts vids to help "sell" the concept before we dive in: ex. – http://t.co/cEEVukgF #flipclass
RoohIt: Instant Web Highlighter, Highlighter Button, and AutoPublish Widget for Bloggers
RoohIt: Instant Web Highlighter http://t.co/h2o8V6EY
Tweriod – Get to know when your Twitter followers are online the most.
I just found out when my followers are online the most with Tweriod its 3pm – http://t.co/wu0B7AyO #KidLitCom12
Thou shalt not commit logical fallacies | poster
@dlaufenberg you have reminded me of this awesome poster which lists logical fallacies: http://t.co/VAgnBQ2N #engsschat
11 Of The Most Influential Infographics Of The 19th Century | Co.Design: business + innovation + design
Gorgeous: 11 Of The Most Influential #Infographics Of The 19th-Century http://t.co/Wob021RU (Bonus: author is my cousin.)
Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here.
Filed under: teaching resources |


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Ryan Medicare bomb a dud?
Democrats thought Paul Ryan's Medicare proposal would shift the focus away from Mitt Romney, terrify the elderly and take places like Florida and other key states off the table.
That's not happening. Not yet, anyway.
Story Continued Below
Polls and interviews show that for now, Romney's selection of Ryan hasn't fundamentally shifted the dynamics of a deadlocked race.
The polls leave no question that huge numbers of people oppose the core of Ryan's plan. But they show something else too: Democrats haven't yet been able to turn that opposition into a way to take down the Romney-Ryan ticket.
( Also on POLITICO: Paul Ryan's mom is new face in Medicare wars)
They've still got time, with millions of dollars in TV ads, three presidential debates and a vice presidential debate to chip away at Ryan. And the economy is still the most important issue for voters — so important that some voters who don't like the Ryan Medicare plan may vote for Romney anyway because they like him better on the economy, pollsters say.
But Republicans have used years of attacks on the president's health care law as a model for a fresh assault on Obama's own Medicare record, charging that he cut the cherished entitlement program to pay for "Obamacare."
And so far, that seems to have at least neutralized Democrats' attacks on Ryan.
"Medicare just may not be the killer issue that a lot of people thought," said Peter Brown, assistant director of the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute. "That doesn't mean it won't be, but so far it is not."
( PHOTOS: Paul Ryan through the years)
The polls show "a positive development for the Republicans that they could be even on Medicare at this point," said pollster Carroll Doherty of the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, in what could be the understatement of the year.
Democrats tend to blame the lack of traction on misinformation from the Romney campaign — and all the outside spending that's drowning out what they say is their more accurate version of what the Ryan plan would do.
"The lies and the falsehoods have muddied the waters on the real impact," Rep. Kathy Castor (D-Fla.) said.
But the Romney campaign isn't backing down, and the airwaves are just going to get more crowded in the fall.
That means the Obama campaign will have to change up to keep up, said Bob Shrum, a veteran of many Democratic presidential campaigns.
"Long term, as the campaign plays out, I would be very surprised if this issue didn't redound very strongly to Obama's benefit. But," Shrum said, the Romney campaign has "thrown up the static of the $716 billion cut in Medicare."
He added, "There's a real advantage for Obama here, but he's going to have to develop it, and he's going to have to block the static that's coming from Romney."
Democratic consultant Joe Trippi said the Ryan Medicare plan could help Obama's team link its portrayal of Romney as a cold-hearted venture capitalist to fears about his agenda. But Trippi said the Obama campaign's response to Romney's counter-attack is cause for concern.
"I don't get the sense that they expected that attack or were ready to thrust back on it, and that's something that they may now regret or try to fix," Trippi said. "The Republicans were better prepared for the attack coming than we were for the response."
Paul Begala, an adviser to the pro-Obama super PAC Priorities USA Action, pointed out that his group's first ad of the cycle back in January was an attempt to link Romney to the Ryan budget — and though Begala wouldn't get specific about future ads, he said he's grateful Romney has made drawing that connection so much easier by picking Ryan.


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Gulf Standard Time 8AM - 12AM Sunday through Saturday
Our customer services team is here for you. Have questions? Prefer to order by Phone? Please call us 8am – 12am Gulf Standard Time.
International: +971-4-224-8800
Ask your question right now with a member of customer services team. Our customer services team is here for you 8am – 12am Gulf Standard Time. Start a Conversation Now!
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Our customer services team looks forward to helping you with your inquiry. We respond to email messages in the order that they are received, and we will respond to your email as quickly as possible.
Emirates Towers, Level 41
Sheikh Zayed Road
P.O Box 31303
Dubai, United Arab Emirates


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Accused child rapist, 84, enters plea
BRIDGEPORT -- An 84-year-old Cape Verdean, nabbed by police when he came back to see his eye doctor after being on the run for six years for allegedly raping a 7-year-old local girl, pleaded not guilty to sexual assault charges Tuesday.
Sporting a stylish pair of eyeglasses, Joseph Livramento was escorted by judicial marshals before Superior Court Judge Robert Devlin.
"I need a translator, I need a translator," Livramento said in English, looking about the Main Street courtroom.
The judge then entered not guilty pleas on behalf of Livramento to the charges of first-degree sexual assault, fourth-degree sexual assault and risk of injury to a minor and continued the case to Oct. 9.
Joseph Livramento, who police said fled the country after the girl complained to a school counselor of the alleged assault, was arrested Sept. 5 by members of the U.S. Marshal Violent Crime Fugitive Task Force outside a West Haven ophthalmologist's office.
Police Detective Robert Martin, a member of the task force, said they received a tip that Livramento was coming back to the U.S. to see his eye doctor.
The West Haven doctor was apparently the only one he trusted to examine his eyes," said Martin.
Task force members waited in the parking lot outside the doctor's office and arrested Livramento as he drove in without incident.
In September 2007 Livramento, had been visiting the girl's family from Cape Verde, when he offered to help the girl with her math homework, according to the arrest warrant affidavit. He then threw her on the floor and raped her, it states.
On another occasion Livramento groped the girl while she was working on a book report on "Charlotte's Web," the affidavit states.
email@example.com; 203-330-6308; http:// twitter.com/dantepfer


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Known as Tuna-Pea Wiggle to some, this family-friendly tuna noodle casserole tends to be made with canned soup and whole milk, which means high fat and sodium. We remedy this by making our own creamy mushroom sauce with nonfat milk thickened with a bit of flour. Look for whole-wheat egg noodles—they have more fiber than regular egg noodles (but this dish will work well and taste great with either).
Ready In


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33 Bridge Street, Bellows Falls, VT 05101
Phone: 802-376-5744
Custom color blend, encased in clear glass, with torchwork leaf and stem, 3-4"
We promise to never spam you, and just use your email address to identify you as a valid customer.
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!
All prices are in USD. © 2019 Sherwin Art Glass Studio/Gallery. Sitemap
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Oxcarbazepine comes in tablet
Oxcarbazepine prevents seizures by calming the electrical activity
in the brain. It works in a fashion similar to carbamazepine (for example,
Tegretol), which for many years has been used to treat
Oxcarbazepine may be used to treat
partial seizures in adults and children. In adults, it
may be used by itself or combined with another antiepileptic medicine.
Initial studies indicate that oxcarbazepine is effective in adults and children when it is added
to other antiepileptic medicines.1
Also, when used alone, oxcarbazepine can help control partial seizures.2
The most common side effects of oxcarbazepine include:
In rare cases, oxcarbazepine may cause a serious skin rash. Contact
your doctor if you develop a rash while taking oxcarbazepine.
Less commonly, oxcarbazepine may lower
sodium levels in the blood or cause problems with
double vision, speech, concentration, coordination, and walking.
People who have had a serious allergic reaction to carbamazepine
are more likely to have an adverse reaction to oxcarbazepine too.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning on
antiepileptic medicines and the risk of suicide and suicidal thoughts. The FDA
does not recommend that people stop using these medicines. Instead, people who
take antiepileptic medicine should be watched closely for
warning signs of suicide. People who take
antiepileptic medicine and who are worried about this side effect should talk
to a doctor.
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference
is not available in all systems.)
It may take time and careful, controlled adjustments by you and
your doctor to find the combination, schedule, and dosing of medicine to best
manage your epilepsy. The goal is to prevent seizures while causing as few
side effects as possible. After you and your doctor figure out the
medicine program that works best for you, make sure to follow your program
exactly as prescribed.
Complete the new medication information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.
CitationsCastillo S, et al. (2000). Oxcarbazepine add-on for
drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3).Drugs for epilepsy (2008). Treatment Guidelines From The Medical Letter, 6(70): 37–46.
Last Revised:
August 26, 2011
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Susan C. Kim, MD - Pediatrics & Steven C. Schachter, MD - Neurology
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