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Four Tips To Pick A Reliable Courier Service Provider For Your Business
Nowadays, high-quality production and efficient workers are insufficient to outlive hard-hitting business atmosphere. Business houses have to be the quickest with regards to delivering the ultimate goods. The faster your product or service achieve the marketplace, the greater will probably be your profit. Hence, depending exclusively around the company's labor sources for either transporting the recycleables or disbursing the ultimate products wouldn't be a good decision to pursue by production manager.
Entrusting the task of delivering your goods to some mail provider won't make certain an inconvenience-free production but probably assist you to concentrate only around the core manufacturing processes. However, before you decide to select any random mail provider for business deliveries, make certain the particular vendor is the right decision. But exactly how?
Listed here are 4 necessary things to consider before continuing to move forward with any mail provider:
#1 Availability on one call
In case your company sets limitations on its availabilities for choosing your parcels or products, you will want to state no and begin seeking a more sensible choice. A dependable courier clients are one that is instantly accessible 24*7 and it has several local delivery branches. If we have an efficient chain of agents you'll be able to be assured that you may have on-time delivery of the products.
#2 Be aware of weight limit ahead of time
The majority of the occasions providers don't clarify the utmost weight of parcels they are able to deliver. This creates lots of confusion during the time of packaging and final delivery. Thus, you ought to clarify the limitation from the package weight prior to signing the ultimate agreement.
#3 Capability to track your delivery
Since personal time management is easily the most dominant factor while production, any type of delay and insufficient use of delivery updates are totally unacceptable. Because the customer, you will be able to get minute-to-minute updates of the parcels. Tracking your delivery via application, website, email or phone can help you be aware of exact time whenever your product is going to be delivered.
#4 Get insurance for the package
Insuring your deliverables is must to make sure that even just in worst situation in case your package is broken, is misplaced or gets lost, you are able to claim for that loss. Also, when a business provides insurance for the package, its accountability in your direction is ensured and you will know your product or service have reached safe hands.
Within this tough competitive business community, managing everything single-handedly beginning from purchasing raw material, manufacturing goods to delivering the ultimate goods is close to impossible. Based on business experts, managers should delegate the job of transporting their final products to some courier company and concentrate on other important business functions. However, one should compare and evaluate first to pick the right company for his business.
Read Also: 8 Success Secrets for Small Businesses
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Narcolepsy is caused by a selective loss of hypocretin neurons and is associated with obesity. Ghrelin and leptin interact with hypocretin neurons to influence energy homeostasis. Here, we evaluated whether human hypocretin deficiency, or the narcolepsy therapeutic agent sodium oxybate, alter the levels of these hormones.
Eight male, medication free, hypocretin deficient, narcolepsy with cataplexy patients, and 8 healthy controls matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waisttohip ratio, and body fat percentage were assessed. Blood samples of total ghrelin and leptin were collected over 24 hours at 60 and 20-min intervals, respectively, during 2 study occasions: baseline, and during the last night of 5 consecutive nights of sodium oxybate administration (2 × 3.0 g/night).
At baseline, mean 24-h total ghrelin (936 ± 142 vs. 949 ± 175 pg/mL, p = 0.873) and leptin (115 ± 5.0 vs. 79.0 ± 32 mg/L, p = 0.18) levels were not different between hypocretin deficient narcolepsy patients and controls. Furthermore, sodium oxybate did not significantly affect the plasma concentration of either one of these hormones.
The increased BMI of narcolepsy patients is unlikely to be mediated by hypocretin deficiency-mediated alterations in total ghrelin or leptin levels. Thus, the effects of these hormones on hypocretin neurons may be mainly unidirectional. Although sodium oxybate may influence body weight, the underlying mechanism is unlikely to involve changes in total ghrelin or leptin secretion.
Donjacour CEHM; Pardi D; Aziz NA; Frölich M; Roelfsema F; Overeem S; Pijl H; Lammers GJ. Plasma total ghrelin and leptin levels in human narcolepsy and matched healthy controls: basal concentrations and response to sodium oxybate. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(8):797-803.
The hypocretin system, also known as the orexin system, is of major importance in the regulation of sleep and sustained wakefulness. Moreover, hypocretin neurons are responsive to metabolites and hormones helping to translate signals of metabolic state into adaptive levels of activity and consciousness.1,2 Hypocretin deficiency leads to narcolepsy, a sleepwake disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and disrupted nocturnal sleep. Obesity is associated with the disorder,3 yet the cause of the increased body weight has been challenging to discern due to inconsistent findings on the hormonal and metabolic characteristics of this population.4–9 However, altered ingestive behavior has been consistently observed in these patients,7,10–12 suggesting hypocretin deficiency may dysregulate feeding behavior, and possibly energy homeostasis.
Current knowledge/Study Rationale: Potential hormonal disturbances in response to hypocretin deficiency may provide explanation for the weight and ingestive behavior phenotype of this population. The relationship of both ghrelin and leptin with hypocretin has been shown to be of importance. Hypocretin neurons directly sense ghrelin and leptin but it is unknown if these connections are uni-or-bidirectional. Therefore, the study of hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic patients provides a unique opportunity to further explore the nature of these relationships in this population of patients in the chronic phase of this disorder.
Study Impact: No significant alteration in total ghrelin or leptin levels were seen in our sample of hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic subjects. Therefore, we found no evidence to support a bidirectional, integrated feedback loop for total ghrelin or leptin levels and hypocretin. To our knowledge, total ghrelin levels have not previously been reported in human narcolepsy and our findings will help others to better understand the hormonal phenotype of this population. Our findings are in support of the notion that the leptin level is not altered in this population, although we did see a significant increase in leptin pulse frequency in subjects compared to controls; the clinical significance of this finding is unknown. Our findings suggest the propensity for obesity and the altered ingestive behavior of narcolepsy are unlikely to be mediated by hypocretin-deficiency derived alterations to these hormone levels.
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone mainly produced by endocrine cells in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, and is an important endogenous regulator of energy balance and growth hormone (GH) secretion.13 Its expression is complex14 and influenced by sympathetic nervous system activity.15 Across the wake period, plasma concentrations wax and wane episodically, providing an appetite-stimulating signal to the brain.16 During sleep, ghrelin levels rise sharply in the early part of the night and decrease gradually toward morning. During sleep deprivation, however, levels gradually rise toward a plateau in the morning.17 Hypocretin neurons directly sense and are excited by ghrelin, and an interaction between these two systems has been shown to be involved in ingestive behavior.18 A study by Toshinai et al.19 first identified this connection. In that study, ghrelin-induced feeding was attenuated in rats pretreated with antihypocretin-1 IgG and antihypocretin-2 IgG, and suppressed in hypocretin knockout mice. Later, it was demonstrated that ghrelin plays a key role in the rewarding aspects of eating,20 but it requires the presence of intact hypocretin signaling to impart this effect.
Leptin is another peptide hormone involved in energy homeostasis, the dominant role of which is to signal energy deficiency to the brain.21 It is an adipokine produced primarily by subcutaneous white adipose tissue, and its expression is stimulated by various hormones, sympathetic outflow, energy intake, and output.21,22 Under normal conditions, blood levels display circadian variation as levels rise across the day and peak in the middle of the night.23 During sleep deprivation, blood leptin levels show a reduced and flattened profile.24 Receptors for leptin are found on hypocretin cells,25 and leptin can directly inhibit the expression of isolated hypocretin neurons.18 Indirectly, leptin can affect the activity of hypocretin cells via energy-regulating neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.26 Conversely, because the hypocretin system greatly influences autonomic control,1 it is plausible that hypocretin deficiency may alter leptin expression via inhibited sympathetic activity. Indeed, obese hypocretin deficient mice have lowered sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow, while greater heart rate variability has been observed in hypocretin deficient narcolepsy patients.27,28 Thus, leptin and hypocretin may interact to affect levels of physical activity and wakefulness in response to energy needs, and the loss of hypocretin neurons may dysregulate leptin expression and signaling.
While ghrelin levels have not been previously reported in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic patients, abnormal leptin levels have been observed.4,5 It is unknown if the associations between hypocretin and total ghrelin or leptin are uni-or-bidirectional. Because hypocretin influences sympathetic outflow and sympathetic nervous system activity affects the expression of both leptin and ghrelin, hypocretin deficiency may lead to altered levels of these hormones. This study of hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic patients provides a unique opportunity to further explore the nature of these relationships. We hypothesized that both total ghrelin and leptin levels would be abnormal in hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy patients, which might help explain the increased BMI and abnormal ingestive behavior seen in this population.5,7,8,29–31
Additionally, we explored if the narcolepsy therapeutic agent, sodium oxybate, has an effect on these hormones. In a narcolepsy population, sodium oxybate improves disrupted nocturnal sleep, impaired wakefulness, and cataplexy, and promotes weight loss.32,33 Like ghrelin, sodium oxybate administration also stimulates GH release.34 We hypothesized that its administration would alter total ghrelin levels, the effect of which might be involved in its GH-promoting effects.
Here, we investigate whether total blood ghrelin or leptin levels are altered in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic patients compared to controls, and whether total ghrelin or leptin levels are influenced by sodium oxybate.
We included 8 medicationfree, male hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy with cataplexy patients and 8 healthy male controls, matched for age, BMI, and body fat percentage. Hypocretin measurement was performed according to international standards.35 Body fat percentage was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (Bodystat, Douglas, Isle of Man, UK). Two patients were drug naive, one patient was tapered from antidepressants ≥ 2 weeks prior to the study, and 2 patients had prior history with sodium oxybate therapy; however, no subject took sodium oxybate within 20 days of study initiation. The other patients did not take any medication for at least several months prior to beginning the study.
Subjects were eligible for participation after exclusion of chronic conditions, with particular attention to the absence of sleep disorders in control subjects, hypertension, pituitary disease, and weight change (> 3 kg weight gain or loss within the last 3 months) as assessed by structured clinical interview. None of the participants had previously undergone gastrectomy. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Leiden University Medical Center.
All subjects were admitted to the Clinical Research Center for 24-h blood sampling before and after 5 days of sodium oxybate administration. A cannula was inserted into an antecubital vein ≥ 45 min before the start of blood sampling at 12:00. Blood samples were collected with S-monovetten (Sarstedt, Etten-Leur, The Netherlands) from a 3-way stopcock that was attached to a 0.9% NaCl and heparin (1 U/mL) infusion (750 mL/24 h) to keep the cannula from clotting. For total ghrelin measurements, blood was collected in EDTA tubes at 60-min intervals, and these tubes were immediately put on ice. Ghrelin samples were acidified with 50 μL of 1 N HCL. Within 5 min of sampling, tubes were centrifuged at 1,250 g at 4°C for 20 minutes. For leptin measurements, blood was collected at 20-min intervals. After clotting, the blood was centrifuged within 30 min of sampling (20 min, 1,250 g, 4°C). Serum was then stored at -80°C until hormonal assays. Three standardized meals were served at 08:30, 13:00, and 18:00 (Nutridrink, 1.5 kcal/mL, 2,100 kcal/d; macronutrient composition per 100 mL: protein, 6 g; fat, 5.8 g; carbohydrate, 18.4 g; Nutricia, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands). Subjects were asked to complete each meal provided. Foodinduced suppression of total ghrelin release was defined as the ratio between total ghrelin levels one hour postprandially to the levels immediately before the meal (lunch and dinner) or 30 min postprandially to 30 min before the meal (breakfast). Subjects remained sedentary except for bathroom visits. In both study occasions, lights were switched off (dark period) at 23:00 and then switched on at 07:30.
In the drug-intervention study occasion, sodium oxybate was administered in a total nightly dose of 6 grams/night for 5 consecutive nights in both the narcoleptic patients and the controls. Each night, 3 grams of sodium oxybate were administered orally at 23:00 and 03:00. Lights were turned off after ingestion of the first dose.
During the 24-h sampling periods, polysomnographic recordings were performed using an ambulant EEG-recording system (Embletta X100, Embla) and a standard EEG/EMG montage to allow sleep scoring according to AASM criteria. Using a markertool, the start of the sampling protocol was registered to synchronize sleeprecordings with hormone measurements. Sleep recordings were scored by an experienced technician, blinded for the subject under study.
Plasma total ghrelin and leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (LINCO Research, St. Charles, MO, USA) with a detection limit of 93 pg/mL, and an interassay variation ranging from 14.7% to 17.8% for total ghrelin and a detection limit of 0.5 μg/L and an interassay variation ranging from 3.0% to 5.1% for leptin. Samples from each patient and matched control were handled in the same run.
Leptin concentration time series were analyzed via a recently developed automated deconvolution method, empirically validated using hypothalamopituitary sampling and simulated pulsatile time series.36 The Matlabbased algorithm first detrends the data and normalizes concentrations to the unit interval [0, 1]. Second, the program creates multiple successive potential pulsetime sets, each containing one fewer burst via a smoothing process (a nonlinear adaptation of the heatdiffusion equation). Third, a maximum-likelihood expectation estimation method computes all secretion and elimination parameters simultaneously conditional on each of the multiple candidate pulsetime sets. The fast halflife was represented as 3.4 min constituting 19% of the decay amplitude. The slow halflife was estimated as an unknown variable between 6 and 70 min. Here we present only results for pulse frequency (pulses per 24 h), basal secretion, pulsatile secretion, and total secretion per 24 h, all expressed as μg per liter distribution volume.
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Unpaired ttests were used to assess differences in means between the 2 groups, while paired ttests were applied to assess changes in means within each group. All tests were 2-tailed, and significance level was set at p < 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows (release 17.0, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).
Patients and controls did not differ with respect to age, BMI, waisttohip ratio, and body fat percentage (Table 1). Sodium oxybate was well tolerated by all participants. Apart from mild drowsiness, no other side effects were reported during the study.
Demographics, body composition, baseline parameters
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When compared to controls, during baseline conditions and after sodium oxybate administration, narcolepsy patients spent significantly less time awake across a 24 h period, and during the day (defined as the lightson period between 07:30-23:00) they spent less time awake and more time in slow wave sleep ([SWS] p = 0.004 and p = 0.005, respectively; Table 2).
Sleep patterns before and after sodium oxybate administration
In both groups, administration of sodium oxybate resulted in a significant decrease in stages I/II NREM and REM sleep over 24 h (p = 0.011 and p = 0.009, respectively), while at night, awakenings were significantly reduced (p = 0.002) and the percentage of SWS more than doubled (narcolepsy: 6.5% ± 5.5% vs.16.5% ± 8.4%, controls: 7.1% ± 5.5% vs. 18.5% ± 6.4%; p = 0.001 for administration effect). During the day, time spent in stages I/II NREM and REM sleep (p = 0.038 and p = 0.041, respectively) was reduced, while there was a trend towards longer periods of wakefulness (p = 0.098).
Mean 24-h total ghrelin levels at baseline were virtually identical between narcolepsy patients and controls (p = 0.873; Figure 1A). Mean total ghrelin levels were also not different between the 2 groups when the analyses were restricted to the dark period (p = 0.973). In fact, at no single timepoint an intergroup difference could be detected (all p ≥ 0.232). Food induced suppression of total ghrelin concentration (expressed as the ratio between postprandial to preprandial total ghrelin concentration) was similar in the 2 groups (lunch: p = 0.413, dinner: p = 0.301, breakfast: p = 0.437, and mean postprandial total ghrelin levels averaged over the 3 occasions [p = 0.540]) (Table 3).
Plasma ghrelin concentrations and deconvolution of leptin levels before and after administration of sodium oxybate in both narcoleptic patients and controls
The diurnal plasma ghrelin levels, as well as food induced suppression of ghrelin release were not significantly different between narcolepsy patients and matched controls, either during basal conditions (A) or after 5 days of sodium oxybate administration (B). Hourly blood sampling started at noon and continued for 24 hours. The black bar on the abscissa indicates the dark period (23:00-07:30). The gray arrows indicate the timings of the lunch, dinner, and breakfast at 13:00, 18:00, and 08:30, respectively. The black arrows indicate the timings of sodium oxybate administrations during the second study occasion at 23:00 and 03:00. Error bars show the means ± standard deviation.
Mean 24-h ghrelin levels in narcolepsy patients and matched controlsThe diurnal plasma ghrelin levels, as well as food induced suppression of ghrelin release were not significantly different between narcolepsy patients and matched controls, either during basal conditions (A) or after 5 days of sodium oxybate administration (B). Hourly blood sampling...
Twentyfour hour mean total ghrelin levels during sodium oxybate treatment were not different between narcolepsy patients and controls (p = 0.642; Figure 1B). Similar to baseline, mean total ghrelin levels during the dark period did not differ between the 2 groups (p = 0.449), and at no single timepoint a difference could be detected between groups (all p ≥ 0.05). Postprandial total ghrelin suppression, as defined above, was also similar between the 2 groups after sodium oxybate administration: lunch (p = 0.920), dinner (p = 0.261), and breakfast (p = 0.880); mean postprandial total ghrelin levels averaged over the 3 occasions (p = 0.428) (Table 3). The average change in 24-h total ghrelin levels between the second and first occasion amounted to -15 ± 72 pg/mL in narcolepsy patients and -63 ± 87 pg/mL in controls, but was not significantly different from zero in either group (paired ttests: p = 0.56 and p = 0.078, respectively).
Mean 24-h total leptin levels at baseline were not significantly different between narcolepsy patients and controls (p = 0.18; Figure 2A). Mean pulse frequency was different between the 2 groups (p = 0.04), but mean 24-h basal and pulsatile secretion levels were not different (p = 0.96; p = 0.11, respectively; Table 3).
Mean 24-h plasma leptin concentration ± SD, before (A) and during sodium oxybate administration (B) in narcolepsy patients and matched controls. The black horizontal bar on the abscissa indicates the lights off period. The gray arrows indicate the timing of meals and the black arrows indicate timing of sodium oxybate administration (B).
Mean 24-h plasma leptin concentrationMean 24-h plasma leptin concentration ± SD, before (A) and during sodium oxybate administration (B) in narcolepsy patients and matched controls. The black horizontal bar on the abscissa indicates the lights off period. The gray arrows indicate the timing of meals and the black arrows indicate...
Mean 24-h total leptin levels during sodium oxybate treatment were not significantly different between narcolepsy patients and controls (p = 0.58; Figure 2B); neither were mean 24-h basal and pulsatile secretion rates (p = 0.94; p = 0.29, respectively). Mean pulse frequency was different between the 2 groups (p = 0.04; Table 3).
We found no differences in mean 24-h total plasma ghrelin levels or foodinduced suppression of ghrelin concentrations between narcolepsy patients and controls, nor any influence of 5 days of sodium oxybate administration in both groups. In view of the capacity of ghrelin to stimulate growth hormone secretion, it is worth noting that a report from this same research protocol showed no differences in mean hourly GH levels between patients and controls, supporting our conclusion that total ghrelin levels are not altered with hypocretin deficiency.37
Despite the excitatory influence of ghrelin on hypocretin neurons and the interaction of the ghrelin-hypocretin systems to influence food reinforcement, our finding did not show the total ghrelin level to be influenced by hypocretin deficiency, suggesting a unidirectional relationship. These findings also suggest that disturbed ingestive behavior is unlikely mediated by an altered total ghrelin level in narcolepsy patients. Notably, we measured total ghrelin levels and not the biologically active, octanoylatedghrelin fraction. While there is a high correlation between the total and octanoylated fraction ghrelin level,38 it remains possible that the active fraction may be altered in this population.
In contrast to earlier reports,4,5 more recent, larger, controlled studies have not demonstrated an abnormal leptin level in humans with hypocretin deficiency.6,39 Similar to the recent research on this subject, we found that the mean 24-h total leptin level, and basal and pulsatile secretion levels were not significantly different between narcolepsy patients and controls. The mean leptin pulse frequency was slightly but significantly higher in narcolepsy patients in both conditions, but the clinical relevance of this finding is unclear. Because sleep disruption and insulin resistance40 have been shown to affect leptin levels, it is plausible that previous investigations showing decreased leptin in narcolepsy may have resulted from a study sample of narcoleptic patients with relatively poor sleep or a difference in insulin sensitivity compared to the control group.
There were several limitations to the study. The small number of patients and controls raise the possibility of a type II statistical error. However, the intergroup differences were very small; therefore, a large sample size would be needed to detect a difference if present. As with many chronic diseases, compensatory mechanisms are likely involved in narcolepsy as the condition progresses from onset into the chronic stage. Studying narcoleptic patients only during the chronic stage challenges the interpretation that loss of hypocretin cells in the hypothalamus does not alter leptin and ghrelin levels since compensatory adaptation may have already taken place. However, alterations in appetite and weight regulation remain present and clinically relevant in the chronic stage of the disease, and therefore our findings remain relevant despite putative compensations. Additionally, since sleepwake state instability is intrinsic to hypocretin deficiency, standardizing research parameters such as study environment, meal timing and composition, and predefined bedtimes may have created a setting not representative of reallife conditions for these patients. Therefore, although we did not find alterations in total ghrelin and leptin concentrations in this controlled and standardized environment, it remains possible that the release of these hormones is affected by the altered sleep, wake, and eating patterns described in this population.
As expected, in both groups nighttime administration of sodium oxybate increased SWS and reduced awakenings, and the narcoleptic patient group showed a trend towards increased wakefulness the following day. As demonstrated in other studies, acute sodium oxybate administration corresponds with a significant increase in GH release.34,37 However, we found no evidence that the GH-elevating effect is mediated through an influence on total ghrelin secretion. Various treatment effects of sodium oxybate exhibit discrete temporal dynamics with some effects occurring acutely and other effects taking place only after chronic exposure. Although the difference in total ghrelin levels between patients and controls after sodium oxybate administration was not significant, it is possible that significant differences would be seen with higher doses, prolonged periods of nightly administration, or in a larger group of subjects. Lastly, we did not see an effect of sodium oxybate on the leptin level, and to our knowledge, an interaction between this drug and hormone has not been reported elsewhere.
Therefore, mechanisms underlying increased BMI and altered ingestive behavior in narcolepsy and the effects of sodium oxybate administration on GH release and weight loss are unlikely to involve changes in total plasma ghrelin or leptin concentrations. Future investigations should further evaluate if the sleepwake instability intrinsic to hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy promotes ingestive and activity patterns that promote positive energy balance.
This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from UCB Europe. Mr. Pardi was previously employed with Jazz Pharmaceuticals and has consulted with UCB Europe. Dr. Overeem has consulted for and received honoraria as a speaker from UCB Europe. Dr. Lammers is member of the international advisory board on narcolepsy for UCB and has received honoraria as a speaker from UCB. The other authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
Drs. Donjacour and Pardi are co-first authors of this paper. The authors thank E.J.M. Ladan-Eygenraam, M. van Dijk-Besling, H.G. Haasnoot-van der Bent, J. van Vliet-de Regt, and P.J. van Someren for technical assistance throughout the study.
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Pardi D, Black J, authors. gamma-Hydroxybutyrate/sodium oxybate: neurobiology, and impact on sleep and wakefulness. CNS Drugs. 2006;20:993–1018. [PubMed]
Husain AM, Ristanovic RK, Bogan RK, authors. Weight loss in narcolepsy patients treated with sodium oxybate. Sleep Med. 2009;10:661–3. [PubMed]
Van Cauter E, Plat L, Scharf M, et al., authors. Simultaneous stimulation of slow-wave sleep and growth hormone secretion by gamma-hydroxybutyrate in normal young men. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:745. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Nishino S, Ripley B, Overeem S, Lammers GJ, Mignot E, authors. Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy. Lancet. 2000;355:39–40. [PubMed]
Liu PY, Keenan DM, Kok P, Padmanabhan V, O'Byrne KT, Veldhuis JD, authors. Sensitivity and specificity of pulse detection using a new deconvolution method. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009;297:E538–44. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Donjacour CE, Aziz NA, Roelfsema F, et al., authors. The effect of sodium oxybate on growth hormone secretion in narcolepsy patients and healthy controls. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011;300:E1069–75. [PubMed]
Marzullo P, Verti B, Savia G, et al., authors. The relationship between active ghrelin levels and human obesity involves alterations in resting energy expenditure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:936–9. [PubMed]
Dahmen N, Engel A, Helfrich J, et al., authors. Peripheral leptin levels in narcoleptic patients. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2007;9:348–53. [PubMed]
Silha JV, Krsek M, Skrha JV, Sucharda P, Nyomba BL, Murphy LJ, authors. Plasma resistin, adiponectin and leptin levels in lean and obese subjects: correlations with insulin resistance. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149:331–5. [PubMed]

subset: commoncrawl


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If you've been paying attention to Philly's improv scene in the last few years, by now you've probably heard of Bed Savage. Starting out as an independent team coached by Kristen Schier (The Amie & Kristen Show/The Kristen & Amie Show; Director of ZaoGao; Artistic Director of The N Crowd), they're now the house team for two shows produced by stand-up and improviser Jess Carpenter: Comedian Deconstruction and The Not Just Comedy Show. If you want to learn more about the team, their form, and recent additions Claire Halberstadt and Jeff Kremzier, read on.
WitOut: How did Bed Savage come together?
Bed Savage: A bunch of us met in PHIT classes together (Grimley 101 and Edmondson 201). We included Dan Jaquette before he got all famous with Beirdo and Mayor Karen then retired like Jordan at the top of his game to become an adult, get married, and start a family (lame). RJ Payne was into it because he just broke up with his girlfriend, and everyone knows chicks dig comedians. Steve Klarich (retired) was into it because it was an excuse not to hang out with his girlfriend at the time. Anthony Fedele (retired) planted the seed, along with Sean Landis and Caroline Rhoads. They helped secure a great coach and consummate professional in Kristen Schier. Kristen's experience and insight as a coach made the group easy to launch. Although some of the original cast retired/furloughed due to personal commitments, we have had the good fortune of bringing in other talented performers (Claire and Jeff). The team is now a 6-person totem pole consisting of Sean Landis, Caroline Rhoads, Nick George, R.J. Payne, Jeff Kremzier and Claire Halberstadt.
WO: You guys are the house team for both Comedian Deconstruction and The Not Just Comedy Show. How'd you land those gigs?
BS: Jess invited us to do Comedian Deconstruction and we absolutely loved it. Then we deconstructed him for the F Harold festival last year. It was around that time Jess decided to put a ring on it, and make Bed Savage the house team. Jess was initially looking to form a house team for the Not Just Comedy Show, and asked us to fill in until he did that. We did the first show, loved it again, and Jess and Bed Savage got married for a second time! Jess Carpenter is the mastermind behind these gigs. His energy and effort to find local comedy legends and get buns in the seats make the shows work.
WO: For those shows, you deconstruct a stand-up comic's and a musician's set, respectively. When you're not deconstructing, do you have a regular improv form that you use, like a Harold or Armando? If so, how did you choose that form, and which do you prefer—that form, or deconstructing?
BS: When we're not deconstructing we perform a Leonardo, which is a loose Armando mixed with some Harold. So that entails a monologue from one of us to start the show, then some follow-up questions on the monologue (mostly just to make fun of whoever told the story), some scenes, some games, some more scenes, some more games then a blackout.
Every one of us really likes deconstructions. It's probably because our parents never let us take apart our Legos after we'd built something. If you wasted a set on some stupid block tower, oh well, you had to live with that forever. Now we're making up for all that pent-up aggression to break things down by deconstructing amazing comedians such as Chip Chantry and Mary Radzinski. Doing the deconstructing is really fun because you have the advantage of seeing the audiences' reaction to different jokes and you have the freedom to put your own spin on the scene and incorporate the stand-ups' punchline or premise. It also allows for some great callbacks to jokes that the audience may have overlooked or didn't quite catch. Oh—and our deconstructions are not "classical" deconstructions as known by many in the improv world.
WO: Claire (of Suggestical and previously ZaoGao) is the most recent addition to the team, correct? How was she recruited, and how has it been working with her so far? What do you think she brings to the team?
BS: We don't know how we landed Claire. We kinda fell ass-backwards into that one. It was like wait, she's into it? Really? Why?? She brings so much to the team though, like a creepy basement with a mattress in it, or huge bags of snacks that have both salty snacks like chips AND sweet snacks like chocolate, or bags of wine for us to slap. Oh, and she's an amazingly talented improviser and performer who brings energy, creativity and general awesomeness to the team. She provides a great level of intensity onstage and really commits to each character and scene. She brings her "A" game every night and it's fun trying to keep up with her.
Jeff Krezmier is also a recent addition to the team. Jeff has some great characters and voices that often end up sounding like Kermit the Frog. Sometimes things get a little weird on stage.
WO: Correct me if I'm wrong, but I'm assuming your name has something to do with Ben Savage. So…Can each of you describe either your favorite episode of Boy Meets World, or the influence the show/Ben Savage has had on the team or its members personally, spiritually and/or comedically?
BS: Our name is a play on the duality of man, reflecting our animalistic origins, while commenting on our addiction to materialistic comforts and predetermined departure from nature. Who the hell is Ben Savage?
But Jeff is definitely a Fred Savage fan. He's still trying to unlock the secret of how Fred landed Winnie Cooper.
You can see Bed Savage next at 'The Not Just Comedy Show' TONIGHT at The Grape Room (105 Grape Street, Manyunk) at 8pm. Admission is $5.
1 Comment
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'D' Demos: Motion Tracking, Touch Screens
Fullpower, a new startup headed by Phillipe Kahn showed off technology for using accelerometers. The demo included a headset that could track the speed and distance of someone walking or running, and a way of stabilizing images taken on a mobile phone.
Pure Digital, the maker of the Flip HD, talked about a new version of its Flipshare.com service coming in June that would let you drag video into channels for as many people as you want to view it. The idea here is that this is a private solution; you can decide the permissions for who can see and upload videos. Eventually the firm, which was recently acquired by Cisco, plans to have a box that lets you access these videos on your TV. (Since Cisco also owns Scientific-Atlanta, I wouldn't be surprised to see this built into set-top boxes.)
Plastic Logic showed its electronic paper reader, which the company says is "designed for business." Although I've seen this before, this larger e-reader looks quite good, and the company showed off its touch screen user interface, which looked very interesting. They also announced the device would have Wi-Fi and 3G wireless networking built in. They showed pages from the Detroit Free Press, how it worked with PDFs. I'm looking forward to seeing the device when it ships towards the end of this year or early 2010.
Immersion showed off more of its "haptics" technology that brings feedback to touch screens. It showed a touch screen keyboard, and also automotive applications that used haptics. They demoed "hapticons" - icons you can send to friends but they can feel, such as a heart you touch and feel pulsing
Canesta, GestureTek, and Hitachi showed an interesting demo of controlling a TV just by gesturing. It's the latest in a push towards a "natural interface" and involves registering someone as the person controlling the TV, then doing things like moving your hands in a certain way to change the channel. The technology is interesting: Canasta makes the 3D sensor chip, Gesture Tek makes the controlling software, and Hitachi is supplying the UI and building it into a TV. I'm not quite convinced that it's really an improvement over a remote, because I don't know if people will want to learn the gestures. But yat least you can't lose the remove. It's due out in a TV in Japan in 2010.
Perhaps the most interesting demo was the last one, from a company called Suri, which has a phone application that combines "semantic analysis" with speech recognition. The idea here is to make interactions with the Internet and devices much simpler, so the software acts as a personal agent. In the demo, they showed certain things working quite well, such as asking the applications questions such as "When the heck did United 234 land?" or telling it "make me a reservation for 3 at 5pm at Il Fornaio?' This will be a free application out of the iPhone this summer, supported through deals the company has with sites such as Open Table, Fandango, and StubHub. It looks great, though the proof will be how well it works in the real world. But I'm very much looking forward to trying this out.Originally posted to Michael Miller's blog, Forward Thinking.


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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may either speed or slow the natural growth process of the bones on either side of the
affected joint, causing uneven bone growth. Children who have JIA may not grow as
tall as they would have if they did not have the condition. The growth
differences depend on the child's age when the disease started and the number
of joints affected. The more joints involved in the disease, the more severe
the impairment.
The closer to puberty a child is when symptoms begin, the more likely
the child's height will be affected. JIA may also temporarily delay the
development of breasts and the growth of body hair.
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Susan C. Kim, MD - Pediatrics & John Pope, MD - Pediatrics
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Yesterday, Monday, January 21, marked the 'Caps first day back at training, and the start of a jam-packed preseason. However, despite the hustle and bustle of the day, 'Caps goalkeeper Brad Knighton, captain Jay DeMerit, midfielder Matt Watson and striker Omar Salgado took some time to visit Ronald McDonald House.
Mascot Spike and club ambassador Carl Valentine joined the 'Caps players last night to visit with a group of ill children and their families who are currently receiving treatment at B.C. Children's Hospital. The house has been open since 1983 and has served as a temporary home for over 11,000 families that need a place to stay while receiving treatment in Vancouver.
During their visit, the 'Caps were able to spend some quality time with three very special children. These children, all under the age of five, are currently battling cancer. With Spike on hand, the 'Caps were able to bring a smile to their faces, make them laugh, and help them and their families forget about their worries, even if only for a short time.
"It is a good thing for the organization and us as players," said Knighton. "To be able to get out in the community, help these kids out, and bring a smile to their faces is always something we are looking and striving to do."
To learn more about Ronald McDonald House and how you can help please visit their website at: http://www.rmhbc.ca.


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- This event has passed.
Board Game Night
November 12 @ 6:00 pm - 9:00 pm
|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every week that begins at 6:00 pm on Tuesday, repeating until May 3, 2023
Love board games as much as we do? Join us for weekly board game night! This is an open game night for people to meet up and play loads of board games! We also often feature new games on this night when we have the chance!


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demand(redirected from metabolic demand)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Encyclopedia.
Peremptory allegation or assertion of a legal right.
A demand is an emphatic claim, which presumes that no doubt exists regarding its legal force and effect. It is a request made with authority.
A money demand is a demand for a fixed sum of money that arises out of an agreement or contract. Commercial Paper is frequently payable on demand or immediately upon request.
A legal demand is one that is made by a lawfully authorized individual and is proper as to form, time, and place.
1) v. to claim as a need, requirement or entitlement, as in to demand payment or performance under a contract. In a lawsuit for payment of a debt or performance of an act, the party suing (plaintiff) should allege that a demand was made for payment or performance. 2) n. a claim, such as an unqualified request for payment or other action. 3) adj. referring to a note payable at any time a request to pay is made. (See: demand note)
demandnoun asking for what is due, assertion of legal right, authoritative request, behest, bidding, call, claim, command, emphatic inquiry, exigency, imperative request, imposition, legal claim, notice of claim, order, peremptory claim, request to perform, requirement, statement of claim, ultimatum
Associated concepts: actual demand, cross demand, deeand and refusal, demand certificates, demand deposits, demand for payment, demand for relief, demand instruuents, demand note, excessive demands, legal demand, notice and demand, on demand, presentment and deeand, unreasonable demand
Foreign phrases: Rogationes, quaestiones, et positiones debent esse simplices.Demands, questions, and claims ought to be simple.
demandverb arrogate, ask, ask for with authority, assert a right to, assert one's rights, call for, claim, claim as one's due, command, direct, enjoin, exact, give notice, insist, make application, order, present one's claim, press, request, require, urge
Associated concepts: actual demand, cross demand, deeand and refusal, demand certificates, demand deposits, demand for payment, demand for relief, demand instruuents, demand note, excessive demands, legal demand, notice and demand, on demand, presentment and deeand, unreasonable demand
Foreign phrases: Nihil peti potest ante id tempus quo per rerum naturam persolvi possit.Nothing can be demanded before the time when, in the nature of things, it can be paid. Judex non reddit plus quam quod petens ipse requirit. A judge should not render judgments for a larger sum than the plaintiff demands.
See also: assign, call, canon, cause of action, coerce, coercion, command, compel, compulsion, constrain, detail, dictate, direct, direction, directive, dun, enforce, entail, exact, excise, force, importune, impose, insist, instruct, levy, motion, necessitate, need, order, outlet, petition, prerequisite, prescribe, press, request, require, requirement, requisition, solicit, stress, subpoena, summon, ultimatum
demandto make a formal legal claim to money or property.
DEMAND, contracts. A claim; a legal obligation.
2. Lord Coke says, that demand is a word of art, and of an extent, in its signification, greater than any other word except claim. Litt. sect. 508; Co. Litt. 291; 2 Hill, R. 220; 9 S. & R. 124; 6 Watts and S. 226. Hence a release of all demands is, in general, a release of all covenants, real and personal, conditions, whether broken or not, annuities, recognizances, obligations, contracts, and the like. 3 Tho. Co. Litt. 427; 3 Penna, 120; 2 Hill, R. 228.
3. But a release of all demands does not discharge rent before it is due, if it be a rent incident to the reversion; for the rent was not only not due, but the consideration - the future enjoyment of the lands - for which the rent was to be given, was not executed. 1 Sid. 141; 1 Lev. 99 3 Lev. 274; Bac. Ab. Release, I.
DEMAND, practice. A requisition or a request by one individual to another to
do a particular thing.
2. Demands are either express or implied. In many cases, an express demand must be made before the commencement of an action, some of which will be considered below; in other cases an implied demand is all that the law requires, and the bringing of an action is a sufficient demand in those cases. 1 Saund. 33, note 2.
3. A demand is frequently necessary to secure to a man all his rights, both in actions arising on contracts and those which are founded on some tort. It is requisite also, when it is intended to bring the party into contempt for not performing an order which has been made a rule of court.
4.-1. Whether a demand is requisite before the plaintiff can commence an action arising on contract, depends upon express or implied stipulations of the parties. In case of the sale of property, for example, to be paid for on delivery, a demand of it must be made before the commencement of an action for non-delivery, and proved on the trial, unless it can be shown that the seller has incapacitated himself by a resale and delivery of the property to another person, or otherwise. 1 East, R. 204 5 T. R. 409; 10 East, R. 359; 5 B. & Ald. 712 2 Bibb, 280 Hardin, 79; 1 Verm. 25; 5 Cowen, 516. 16 Mass. 453; 6 Mass. 61 4 Mass. 474; 3 Bibb, 85; 3 Wend. 556; 5 Munf. R. 1; 2 Greenl. 308; 9 John. 361; 6 Hill, N. Y. Rep. 297.
5. On the same principles, a request on a general promise to marry is requisite, unless it be dispensed with by the party's marrying another person, which puts it out of his power to fulfill his contract, or that he refuses to marry at any time. 2 Dow. & Ry. 55; 1 Chit. Pr. 57, note (n), and 438, note (e)
6. A demand of rent must always be made before a re-entry for the non- payment of rent. Vide Re-entry.
7. When a note is given and no time of payment is mentioned, it is payable immediately. 8 John. R. 374; 5 Cowen, R. 516 1 Conn. R. 404; 1 Bibb, R. 164; 1 Blackf. R. 233.
8. There are cases where, a demand is not originally necessary, but becomes so by the act of the obligor. On a promissory note no express demand of payment is requisite before bringing an action, but if the debtor tenders the amount due to the creditor on the note, it becomes necessary before bringing. an action, to make a demand of the debtor for payment; and this should be of the very sum tendered. 1 Campb. 181 Id. 474; 1 Stark. R. 323; 2 E. C. L. R. 409.
9. When a debt or obligation is payable, and no day of payment is fixed, it is payable, on demand. In omnibus obligationibus in quibus dies non ponitur, presenti die debitur. Jac. Introd. 62; 7 T. R. 427 Barn. & Cr. 157. The demand must, however, be made in a reasonable time, for after the lapse of twenty years, a presumption will arise that the note has been paid; but, like some other presumptions, it may be rebutted, by showing the fact that the note remains unpaid. 5 Esp. R. 52 1 D. & R. 16 Byles on Bills, 169.
10. When demand of the payment of a debt, secured by note or other instrument, is made, the party making it should be ready to deliver up such note or instrument, on payment. If it has been lost or destroyed, an indemnity should be offered. 2 Taunt. 61; 3 Taunt. 397; 5 Taunt. 30; 6 Mass. R. 524; 7 Mass. R. 483; 13 Mass. R. 557; 11 Wheat. R. 171; 4 Verm. R. 313; 7 Gill & Johns. 78 3 Whart. R. 116; 12 Pick. R. 132 17 Mass. 449.
11.-2. It is requisite in some cases arising ex delicto, to make a demand of restoration of the right before the commencement of an action.
12. The following are examples 1. When the wife, apprentice, or servant of one person, has been harbored by another, the proper course is to make a demand of restoration before an action brought, in order to constitute the party a willful wrongdoer, unless the plaintiff can prove an original illegal enticing away. 2 Lev. 63: Willes, 582; 1 Peake's C. N. P. 55; 5 East, 39; 6 T. R. 652; 4 Moore's R. 12 16 E. C. L. R. 3 5 7.
13.-2. In cases where the taking of goods is lawful, but their subsequent detention becomes illegal, it is absolutely necessary, in order to secure sufficient evidence of a conversion on the trial, to give a formal notice of the owner's right to the property and possession, and to make a formal demand in writing of the delivery of such possession to the owner. The refusal to comply with such a demand, unless justified by some right which the possessor may have in the thing detained, will in general afford sufficient evidence of a conversion. 2 Saund. 47, note (e); 1 Chit. Pr. 566.
14.-3. When a nuisance has been erected or continued by a man on his own land) it is advisable, particularly in the case of a private nuisance, to give the party notice and request him to remove it, either before an entry is made for the purpose of abating it, or an action is commenced against the wrong doer and a demand is always indispensable in cases of a continuance of a nuisance originally created by another person. 2 B. & C. 302; S. C. 9 E. C. L. R. 96 Cro. Jac. 555; 5 Co. 100, 101; 2 Phil. Ev. 8, 18, n. 119; 1 East, 111; 7 Vin. Ab. 506; 1 Ayl. Pand. 497; Bac. Ab. Rent, 1. Vide articles Abatement of Nuisance, and if Nuisance. For the allegation of a demand or request in a declaration, see article Licet scoepius requisitus; and Com. Dig. Pleader, C 70 2 Chit. Pl. 84; 1 Saund. 33, note 2; 1 Chit. Pl. 322.
15.-4. When an order to pay money, or to do any other thing, has been made a rule of court, a demand for the payment of the money, or performance of the thing, must be made before an attachment will be issued for a contempt. 2 Dowl. P. C. 338, 448: 1 C. M. & R. 88, 459; 4 Tyr. 369; 2 Scott, 193; 4 Dowl. P. C. 114; 1 Hodges 197; 1 Har. & Woll. 216; 1 Hodges, 157; Id. 337; 4 Dowl. P. C. 86.


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Registration for 2019-2020 Four Star Express opened on 1/8/2019 at 9:00AM
2019 Four Star Express Brochure (Printable)
2019 Four Star Express Brochure (Text)
|Cedar Island
|Rice Lake
|Rush Creek (Bee Room)
|Rush Creek (Owl Room)
|Weaver Lake
Jump start your child's enthusiasm for Kindergarten! It's care plus preschool and learning each and every day! Four Star Express is a unique child care and preschool program that jump starts your child's readiness for Kindergarten. The purpose is to provide a cooperative and developmentally appropriate child care/preschool program that supports the care and early learning needs of four year old children in a school setting.
Theme-based Developmentally Appropriate Curriculum
- 40 weeks of theme-based curriculum developed specifically to support your child's success
- Social-skill building
- Music and creative arts
- Physical education
- Technology, media and computer
- Literacy skill building utilizing the preschool version of District 279 Reading Curriculum
- Cooking
- Science
- Math utilizing the preschool version of District 279 Math Curriculum
- Play
- Access to school lunch
- Field trips and special events
- Mentoring by older students
- Progress conference
Offered in the safe and caring environment of an elementary school
- The program is available 6:30am - 6:00pm, Monday - Friday.
- 2018-2019 Program runs Tuesday, September 4, 2019 through Thursday, June 6, 2020 and is open most non-school days.
- Four Star welcomes all children 4 years of age by September 1st of the attending school year.
- Four Star Express Basic Information.
- Information on registering for the Four Star Express program.
- Located at Basswood Elementary, Cedar Island Elementary, Fernbrook Elementary, Rice Lake Elementary, Rush Creek Elementary, Weaver Lake Elementary, and Woodland Elementary.
Registration Details
- Registration opens at 9 am on 1/8/19 and is limited to 20 students per class section. Rooms are filled on a first-come-first-serve basis.Students must be 4-years-old by September 1st of the attending year to be eligible.
- Registration will close on 8/27/19, and any students registering after that time will not be able to start until 9/9/19.
- A deposit of $249.00 is required at the time of registration, which will be applied to your final week's bill.
- Enrollment in elementary school is based on school attendance areas. Participation in Four Star Express does not guarantee enrollment at an elementary that falls outside of your school's attendance area. Registering in Weaver Lake or other Four Star Express locations does not automatically enroll students in Weaver Lake Elementary or the attending school for the following year.
The registration process is complete when we receive your child's birth certificate and immunization record. We must receive your child's records no later than one week after registration has been accepted. A district nurse will review your child's immunization record to ensure it is complete. Send all records and communications to email@example.com
- Total Yearly Tuition is $9960.00 or 40 Weekly Tuition Payments of $249.00.
- Weekly payments are due the 1st day of each week.
- All accounts are required to be set up using autopay with a bank account or credit card payment method.
- Financial assistance may be available from Hennepin County for families who qualify (612-348-5937)
- Limited scholarships are available. Email firstname.lastname@example.com for an application.
**Please be aware of all cancellation and billing policies available on your registration Terms and Conditions and in our Family Handbook**


text:
Tier II Permit Hunt
Unit 25D, Western Yukon Flats Residents Only
View the static map for TM940 Moose Tier II Permit Hunt. (PDF)
This map is intended for hunt planning use, not for determining legal property or regulatory boundaries. Content is compiled from various sources and is subject to change without notice. See the current hunting regulations for written descriptions of boundaries.
Hunters are responsible for knowing the land ownership and regulations of the areas they intend to hunt.
Instructions for customizing your map
- Add overlays of Special Areas, Subunits, Federal Lands or your Current Location
- Zoom in and out
- You can click on Switch Basemaps to change it between a topgraphical map, nautical chart, satellite imagery, etc.
- Move map by holding down on the map and moving map to desired location.
If you click the Print button below, you can create a printable PDF as well as email yourself a copy if you wish.
How to get your map onto your mobile device
Download a mobile app
Install a FREE interactive PDF maps app before downloading hunting maps. There are a variety of applications designed to read geospatial PDFs, some are free. Choose an app that will read a geospatial PDF without internet connection on your mobile device. ADF&G cannot endorse a specific product but we will use PDF Maps Avenza as an example in these instructions.
Customize Your Map
See the "how to customize a map" instructions link above.
Open the map in the mobile app
iPhone Instructions:
- On your mobile device, open the hunt map email.
- Scroll to the bottom of the e-mail and download the PDF.
Hold down on the center of the PDF icon (View Screenshot).
- You will be prompted to open the PDF in an application (View Screenshot).
- Open the map in the PDF Maps app.
Android Instructions:
- On your mobile device, open the hunt map email that was sent to you.
- Tap the first link of the PDF or the PDF attachment.
One of two things will then happen
- If you are prompted to choose how to open it, select the PDF Maps app to import your customized PDF map (View Screenshot)
- If your map opens automatically in Adobe Acrobat or another app for viewing PDFs, look for the Share or Send options and select PDF Maps.
Alternative Instructions for Multiple Devices:
- On your mobile device, open the hunt map email that was sent to you.
- Copy the URL of the PDF (the first link in the email).
- Open the PDF Maps application on your mobile device.
- Navigate to the "Maps" section.
- Click on the + icon at the top of the screen.
- Scroll to the bottom and start typing in the box below "From the Web".
- Paste in the URL that you previously copied.


text:
A secure portal allowing our customers and vendors 24/7 access to their operational and financial information.
This hugely popular event, which sees thousands of visitors across three packed days, provides our staff with a great opportunity to discuss our significant experience in the world of reefer, and the continual innovation of our products and services.
As a world leader in reefer cargo transport, we carried over 1.1 million reefer TEU last year, and are pleased to be able to present some of our expert team at this important trade exhibition.
MSC can be found in Hall 25 on Stand B-02, where we will be pleased to meet with our customers and discuss our sea and inland logistics in detail.
Meet our experts at stand 827B in Hall 8, in Istanbul, Turkey from 4 to 7 December 2019
Looking to ship your seafood & fish? Come and meet our reefer experts at our booth E1-1001
Place, manage and track your shipments the smart way with myMSC
Please enter your email address below and we will send you an email containing a link which will allow you to edit your preferences.


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Two more "Friends" are heading back to television.
A week after Courteney Cox reunited with her former "Friends" co-star Lisa Kudrow on "Cougar Town," Matthew Perry and Matt LeBlanc revealed they are set to join the comedy TV world again.
On Wednesday night, Matthew, who previously starred as one half of television bromance Joey and Chandler on "Friends," confirmed ABC has given him a green light.
"Abc officially greenlit my pilot today," Matthew wrote on his Twitter account late Wednesday evening. "Yay! It's called Mr Sunshine. In other news, I thought the conan statement was fantastic."
"Mr. Sunshine" stars Matthew as a sports arena manager who has a midlife crisis as he hits 40 and his girlfriend dumps him.
And on Sunday, Showtime confirmed "Episodes," starring Matt LeBlanc, would begin production later this spring.
The series is about a hit British comedy that is imported by an American network, which dumbs down the show and casts Matt LeBlanc in the lead role. In promo clips Showtime showed reporters over the weekend, Matt has to audition to play himself.
Showtime said "Episodes" would likely begin airing this fall.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
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PLAY IT NOW: Matthew Perry Hosts Lili Claire Children's Fundraiser
MORE ACCESS ON THESE TOPICS: Matt LeBlanc - Matthew Perry - TV - Showtime - Courteney Cox


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Chili Davis is serving as a hitting instructor at the Dodgers' Arizona instructional league, which could lead to a job on the Major League staff as a hitting coach.
Davis, who ranks fourth on the all-time list for home runs by a switch-hitter with 350, has been out of organized baseball since his 1999 retirement from the Yankees, where he won two World Series playing for Joe Torre.
He was hitting coach for the Australian national team for three years, he has interviewed for several other coaching positions and he's currently listed as a recently hired coach at the instructional league, being held at the organization's Camelback Ranch-Glendale complex.
"I wanted to get back in the game," the 50-year-old Davis said Thursday. "Now I've got one foot in the door."
The Dodgers have not confirmed any members of new manager Don Mattingly's coaching staff. General manager Ned Colletti has said he wants to announce the entire staff when it's completed.
However, from all indications the staff will include these holdovers from Torre's staff: pitching coach Rick Honeycutt, bullpen coach Ken Howell and longtime hitting instructor Manny Mota.
Bench coach Bob Schaefer announced earlier this month that he won't return. Base coaches Larry Bowa and Mariano Duncan are not likely to return.
Tim Wallach, manager of the Dodgers' Triple-A affiliate at Albuquerque, is expected to be Mattingly's third-base coach. The Dodgers declined a request by the Toronto Blue Jays to interview Wallach for their managing job. Apparently, as part of his new deal with the Dodgers, Wallach has a limited number of clubs with which he can interview and Toronto is not among them.
Mattingly and Colletti are believed close to deciding on a bench coach, probably one with Major League managing experience.
Davis said his role in the organization hasn't been defined. But he met with Colletti last spring seeking an on-field assignment and he arranged with assistant general manager DeJon Watson to take a trip with Albuquerque during the season, which led to his presence in Glendale. He said for the better part of the last decade he's been dabbling in the business world.
"But that's not what I know," Davis said. "I know this game. I love this game. If everything else has to wait, I'm happier doing this than what I've been doing. Working with the players is more gratifying. I know the frustrations and I persevered as a player."
The Jamaican-born Davis grew up in Los Angeles, went to Dorsey High School and was drafted by the Giants. He played 19 seasons in the Majors: seven seasons in San Francisco, followed by two stints (seven seasons) with the Angels sandwiched around two years in Minnesota (where he won his first World Series). After the second tour with the Angels, he played one year in Kansas City before joining Torre on the Yankees' World Series title teams of 1998 and '99.
Davis was known to be a professional hitter, durable player and solid clubhouse influence, especially as a mentor to younger players.
He had career highs of 30 home runs in 1997 and 112 RBIs in 1993, but his best season probably was strike-shortened 1994, when he hit .311 with 26 homers and 84 RBIs in only 108 games.
Another new, but familiar, face at instructional league is Matt Herges, hired by the Dodgers as a Minor League pitching instructor. The 40-year-old Herges came up through the Dodgers organization and pitched for them and seven other Major League clubs. He spent 2010 at Triple-A for Kansas City.
http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd ... rId=rss_la


text: It is the One Hour Heating & Air Conditioning difference that keeps you, our customer, happy and satisfied. We pride ourselves with our on-time guarantee, highly skilled professionals, clean and friendly HVAC technicians, and straightforward pricing. You are our number one priority and we are determined to provide an experience that exceeds all of your expectations and solves all your HVAC services.


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Actress | Producer
Linda Hamilton has come a long way with Sarah Connor, from the original film to Terminator: Dark Fate. Hear how the experience has affected her over four decades of films.
See what IMDb editors are watching this month, and visit our guides to what's on TV and streaming, video games, and more.


text: Information Semester dates Term time: 16 September - 21 December 2019 Break: 28 October - 9 November 2019 Course fact sheets The fact sheets will be posted at the beginning of the bidding process (22 August 2019). You can call up the fact sheets through the course entry. Further information in the intranet Students and faculty members can find further information such as iCalendar functions and possibilities of drawing up weekly schedules in the StudentWeb (cf. links, login required).


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The Netcomm Seal signifies adherence to the code of conduct and spirit of a consortium created to promote the quality of e-commerce, and is therefore synonymous with simple, convenient and secure online purchases. By displaying this seal on its e-commerce site, KIKO is demonstrating its commitment to excellence and quality, even online.
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don't know if Maxx diff ring gear will fit...but i found one for u...better get it quick...it is 5 bucks cheaper than what i paid for mine...as a matter of fact.....hmmmm....i do need one for the front...ha ha...u better pick it up quick...
I have been having problems logging on! I already ordered 2 sets would have saved a few! Thanks anyway
No a couple 8090's
i ask cause i've been watching this on my ebay watch, planning of buying this when mine give up http://www.ebay.com/itm/221039387664...84.m1438.l2648
so the maxx ring gear n pinion is heavier duty than the revo??? or are they the same?
they're both the same, RR just have to put part # for it just because.
oh i c...so why is the maxx $10 more than the revo?...anyways...it doesn't matter...i just wanted to know if they were the same...i saw in ur thread that u were looking at the X01 diff...i guess i'll let other folks try it out n see if it's better or stronger...
i'm not sure if the 8090 comes with pinion gear, i know it says diff set....we'll find out when 50 recieved his.
diff problems!
reminds me when i converted my first edition e maxx back in the day to big block! wasted the diff on the first run!
then the merv with my 6000kv then neu 1110 and neu 1112 combos .probably went through 10 pairs of ring and pinions!
hope these hold up!
got some parts in today!
eh?...how did u get the 4 long summit cvd?...did u have to buy two sets?...and is that the strc diff case?
ebay on the axles new take offs and yes strc
are they summit drivelines? or what?
kawasaki summit, revo& slash; regular rusty, pede
i thought that the summit axles are one long and one short for front n rear??...how did u get all four long?...
That is some good throttle control.....................
If you can find them you can buy just two long shafts......
Would you go flip my truck back over??
that was my 13 year old daughter driving! first time with only 5 minutes of practice on the new revo!
ok it's just the angle of the picture there are 2 long and two short!
Last edited by 50togo; 11-19-2012 at 07:35 PM.
What type of summit shafts can we run in the erevo? 4 long? 2 short and 2 long? or 4 short? lol
Run the short in the front until they break and then replace with long shafts.
Rock n Rolla !
Ok 4 long!
2 long shafts 8.62 delivered
huh?...what?...ok...i'm confused 50togo...
the ebay link you provided says 2 short and 2 long...in ur initial reply...u said 2 short and 2 long...but then u went on to say 4 long?...
my question is...were u able to get off of ebay for 4 long summit shafts?
being new to the big revo i bought that set and turns out you need 4 long . so for another 8.62 i picked up 2 long shafts
she's a natural!
so much for keeping it stock bought some rpm arms for it and after a few more rides then i will dig into the diffs!
Bought some more batteries! Spc 5400 50c 2 cell and 3 cell
Now on those diffs you got can you use those on the embe? I can't stand the cheap stock diffs though they are cheaper to keep and last if done right but I know from the Merv they don't work so good and mess up.
Living life.
they both take the same ring and pinion and same parts inside the diff so i don't see why not
I have the hr cup ready to go with the rrp 8090! I-bar ready to go thanks for the tip Craig!
Last edited by 50togo; 11-24-2012 at 06:27 PM.
Rear diff shimmed and ready to go!
looking good 50. i like the rrp ring gear, its got much sharper tooth than the stock.
It was a good experience. I took my time and had no problems!
Tomorrow I will do the front but only ring and pinion and shims
I did shim the pinion .3 mm and one associated 21141 shim for the ring gear. Was a little tight but ran it with the dewalt for a few minutes and feels perfect now
nice job ont he e revo man.. you've only had yours for a week or two now, and it already is better than mine lol, except battery wise, i have two traxxas 11.1 volt 3s 5000mah batteries, and its still popping wheelies at 40-55 mph lol i cant even reach top speed without it doing a wheely-ing over and skidding 30ft on its roof haha...
kawasaki summit, revo& slash; regular rusty, pede
Did you see post 69! 251.00 for four batteries! Getting expensive and I am installing rpm arms now and balancing the tires.. I have a new e maxx be here Wednesday that will be next project and the 9000kv and 1112 merv are ready to roll! Been busy!
yeah you've been busy alright. 251 in lipos then a emaxx as well on the way and the upgrades man busy for sure. you are on a buying spere arent you? I'll be having projects next year about this time maybe but not of this hobby house hobby haha. very nice upgrades your doing.
Living life.
Its coming together nicely...I have given my eSlayer 3 sets of 2/2s battery runs and the diffs are holding up nicely. I am very pleased with them
Rock n Rolla !
I went a little crazy ! Already have rpm for the maxx. One rep8090 and aluminum diffs all waiting
That's great Craig! Hope it holds up


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Sam's Calendar
The future doesn't begin tomorrow: the future begins today. JPII
Want to make a booking?
Hit CONTACT on the top menu bar & we'll have you set up in no time at all.
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Earlier Event: March 11SALESIAN COLLEGE Yr12 (VIC)
Later Event: March 13ST EDMUND'S COLLEGE (ACT)


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What are limits? Nothing to Aaron Fotheringham, also known as Wheelz. He can do more tricks with his wheelchair than you can with a skateboard. Fotheringham has been using a wheelchair full time since he was 8 and has worked with Box Designs Wheelchairs to better tweak his custom chair so he can do more tricks. Incredible.
Here he is showcasing his incredible array of tricks for Devin Super Tramp. Make sure you check out that backflip.


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RDKJ needed a new t-shirt design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 9 designs submitted by 3 freelance designers.
I am looking for a long sleeve tshirt design centered around the trademarked phrase "Life is better with a tan". The design must also incorporate the use of my salon chain logo (link below).
Life is better with a tan
Desired Color Scheme:
open to suggestion
Desired Style:
open to suggestion
Accepted File Formats:
I am open to suggestion on color and design. I would prefer that there be some type of design on the sleeves. I am also a big fan of placing my logo centered either on the front directly below the collar or on the back between the shoulder blades.


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A little over three months ago, President Obama signed into law the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Jobs Creation Act of 2010. The act significantly increases the amount an individual may gift during his or her lifetime without incurring transfer tax liability. Prior to 2011, an individual could make lifetime gifts totaling $1 million before paying out-of-pocket gift tax. Now, thanks to the new law, the amount has increased to gifts totaling $5 million.
The $5 million exemption for lifetime gifts came as a pleasant surprise, but wealth managers must realize that this opportunity may be for a limited time only. The provisions set forth in the new law are due to expire at the end of 2012, which would send the lifetime gift exemption, absent any future legislation, back to the $1 million per individual.
When the law was first passed, I had anticipated that 2011 would begin with a heightened focus on making lifetime gifts. The uncertainty over the status of the estate and gift tax following 2010 had past, and taxpayers had been given an unprecedented $5 million gift tax exemption. It was time to start transferring some significant wealth. But what I have experienced has been the opposite of what I had expected.
A Sure Thing, for a Short Time
Perhaps many wealth managers are still coming to grips with the new law and about what it may mean for their wealthiest clients. And, yes, there is some uncertainty again because the new law has an expiration date. But we know this much for certain: we have a law on the books that we should take advantage of now—through lifetime transfers—while we can.
Knowing that we have a great opportunity today to help clients make tax-efficient gifts, let's review one of the transfer strategies that wealth managers can employ to maximize the effectiveness of their clients' plans.
Grantor-Retained Annuity Trusts (GRAT)
A GRAT has been a very valuable wealth transfer strategy for some time, but it may not be available in its current form for long. There has been plenty of discussion over the past few years regarding legislation to significantly reduce a GRAT's appeal—and likely effectiveness—by imposing a 10-year minimum term for the trust. Many had expected such a restriction to be included in the recently-passed act. Because that did not happen, GRATs remain an excellent wealth transfer strategy to consider today.
- To implement a GRAT, the client, as the grantor, transfers property with the potential for significant appreciation to the irrevocable trust.
- The grantor retains a percentage interest in the trust in the form of an annual annuity payment for a specified term of years.
- Upon completion of the trust term, the assets remaining in the GRAT pass to the trust beneficiaries (commonly, the grantor's children outright or in trust) free of estate tax.
- But there is one caveat. If the grantor happens to pass away prior to the completion of the GRAT, the trust assets are pulled back into the grantor's estate.
The true benefit of the GRAT is in the possible leverage that a client may enjoy from a gift tax perspective. When the grantor funds the GRAT, he or she is making a taxable gift; however, the amount of the gift is reduced because of the value of the grantor's retained interest in the trust.
The value of the gift is also influenced by the Applicable Federal Rate (AFR) or §7520 Rate at the time the trust is funded.
A Low Applicable Federal Rate is Desirable
The AFR is the rate used to calculate the present value of the remainder interest to pass to the trust beneficiaries upon completion of the trust term. As of March 2011, the AFR is 3%, which is important, because the lower the AFR upon creating the GRAT, the lower the taxable gift. Historically, the AFR has averaged between 6% and 8%. We remain in a low-AFR environment, which adds to the appeal of funding a GRAT.
The low AFR certainly creates a favorable environment for a GRAT; however, think back to the possible legislation that I had mentioned regarding the imposition of a minimum trust term. It has me more concerned than a potential rise in the AFR. Currently, a GRAT can be drafted with a term as short as one year, but that flexibility will disappear if new legislation imposes a 10-year minimum term.
Some popular GRAT strategies focus on creating a short-term GRAT, where the grantor retains a 100% interest in the GRAT property so that there is effectively no gift made when the assets are transferred to the trust. Assuming the assets appreciate over the GRAT term at a rate in excess of the AFR, the appreciation above the AFR is passed along to the beneficiaries free of gift and estate tax. The short-term of the GRAT helps hedge against a reduced life expectancy while helping to maximize the amount to pass free of transfer taxes.
There's No Time Like the Present To Fund a GRAT
As noted above, right now, there is no minimum term imposed on GRAT design. In addition, we can make large tax-free gifts because of the $5 million lifetime gift tax exemption. Taken together, these factors present an environment where a wealth manager can diversify the design of a client's GRAT strategy. In fact, many client scenarios can find added benefit in a plan with multiple GRATs that contain various retained interests and terms of years.
Whether or not GRAT diversification is appropriate for your client depends upon the client's situation, but we are in a period where consideration should be made to how your clients can best take advantage of the opportunities we have right now. You never know when those opportunities may disappear.


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A dog saved a family from a house fire in Westchester County, but ran away in the chaos and is still missing.
Nero, a 10-year-old Newfoundland, started barking wildly on Sunday, waking Maria Eliseo and her daughter Marie, who had been asleep in their Yorktown Heights home, the family said.
"All of a sudden I woke up and Nero was basically over me on the wall over the couch," Marie said. "And he was barking the scariest howling cry that I've ever heard him do before in my life."
Marie said she could barely see because black smoke was filling the room. She ran outside and around the house to her mother's second-floor bedroom window.
"The window shattered and when I saw flames, the smoke got really thick and dark," Marie said. "If it weren't for Nero, I would not have gotten out in time."
Her mother, Maria, was hanging out the window. She was recovering from a hip surgery three weeks earlier and could not make it down the stairs. Their neighbors, including Brian Avery, grabbed an extension ladder and climbed up to get her.
"Within four or five minutes of getting her out, flames started pouring through the windows, it was incredible," Avery said.
Amid the chaos of the fire rescue, no one recalls seeing Nero, a 150-pound dog, run away. They believe he is alive because they didn't find his remains in the rubble, while they did find their three other dogs -- an English bull dog, a husky, and a Chihuahua mix -- all dead from smoke inhalation.
There have been several sightings of Nero, including one on Wednesday in another neighborhood.The Eliseos have plastered shopping centers and supermarkets with missing posters.
"If you see him, it's important not to chase him," Maria's husband, Giulio Eliseo, said. "Just kneel down and he'll come to you. He's a big teddy bear. In fact, he looks like a small bear, but he's very friendly and he loves doggie biscuits."
As the family tries to make the most of this Thanksgiving, they are praying that they will soon be reunited with their beloved Nero.
"Just find Nero," said Marie Eliseo, barely holding back tears. "We just want him home because if it wasn't for him, we wouldn't be alive."
A Facebook page has been set up to collect donations for the family.


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Balmain Logo Print Contrasted Trimmed Polo
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At a glanceThe Myhi has a bright and contemporary design with practical features.
Features and benefits for Mothercare Myhi Highchair - Blueberry
- 5 point harness
- Safety post
- Removable tray
- Wipe clean
- Suitable from 6 months (when baby can sit unaided)
The Mothercare Myhi Highchair combines style with practicality at an excellent price. It has a bright colour palette to appeal to your little one and plenty of handy features to make everyday use easy.
The tray can be removed for ease of getting your little one in and the 5 point harness and integral safety post prevent your little one slipping down the seat.
Wipe the whole thing clean for a quick recovery before the next messy mealtime!
Don't forget...
Mothercare has a wide range of feeding accessories and weaning advice to help you transition from milk to solids. Look for our advice pages on the navigation bar of the website to read about what you'll need for weaning and tips on how to approach it.
Fabric composition: 35% steel, 55% PP (polypropylene), 3% Polyoxymethylene, 2% thermo plasticn rubber, 5% Polyester
Care instructions: Sponge clean only
Safety warning: Please refer to safety warning in user guide
What's in the box
- 1 x Highchair
- 1 x User guide