text:
École Polytechnique massacre
Coordinates: 45°30′17″N 73°36′46″W / 45.50472°N 73.61278°W
|École Polytechnique massacre
Tuerie de l'Ècole polytechnique (French)
Plaque at École Polytechnique commemorating victims of the massacre
|Montreal, Quebec, Canada
|December 6, 1989
5:10–5:30 p.m.
|Female students at École Polytechnique de Montréal
Attack type
|15 (14 by gunfire including the perpetrator and 1 by stabbing)
|Marc Lépine
The École Polytechnique massacre (French: tuerie de l'École polytechnique), also known as the Montreal massacre, was a mass shooting in Montreal at an engineering school affiliated with the Université de Montréal. Fourteen women were murdered and a further fourteen people were injured: ten women and four men.
On December 6, 1989, Marc Lépine entered a mechanical engineering class at the École Polytechnique and ordered the women and men to opposite sides of the classroom. He separated nine women, instructing the men to leave. He stated that he was "fighting feminism" and opened fire. He shot at all nine women in the room, killing six.
Lépine then moved through corridors, the cafeteria, and another classroom, targeting women for just under 20 minutes before turning the gun on himself. It is the deadliest mass shooting in Canadian history.
In a search for a rationale since the attack there have been debates over various interpretations of the events, their significance, and Lépine's motives. Many characterize the massacre as an anti-feminist attack representative of wider societal violence against women. The anniversary of the massacre has been commemorated as the National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women. Other interpretations emphasize the effect of Lépine's history of abuse as a child, suggest that the massacre was simply the isolated act of a madman unrelated to larger social issues. Others have blamed violence in the media, as well as social issues such as poverty, isolation, and alienation in society and particularly in immigrant communities.
The incident led to more stringent gun control laws in Canada. It also introduced changes in the tactical response of police to shootings, changes which were later credited with minimizing casualties at the 2006 Dawson College shootings.
- 1 Timeline of December 6, 1989
- 2 Perpetrator
- 3 Search for a rationale
- 4 Effects and controversy
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 Bibliography
- 8 External links
Timeline of December 6, 1989Edit
Sometime after 4 p.m. on December 6, 1989, Marc Lépine arrived at the building housing the École Polytechnique, an engineering school affiliated with the Université de Montréal, armed with a semi-automatic rifle and a hunting knife.[1] Lépine purchased a rifle on November 21, 1989, in a Checkmate Sports store in Montreal. He had told the clerk that he was going to use it to hunt small game.[2] Lépine had been in and around the École Polytechnique building at least seven times in the weeks leading up to December 6.[1]
Lépine first sat in the office of the registrar on the second floor for a while. While there, he was seen rummaging through a plastic bag. He did not speak to anyone, even when a staff member asked if she could help him. Lépine left the office and was subsequently seen in other parts of the building before entering a second-floor mechanical engineering class of about sixty students at about 5:10 p.m.[1] After approaching the student giving a presentation, he asked everyone to stop everything and ordered the women and men to opposite sides of the classroom. No one moved at first, believing it to be a joke until he fired a shot into the ceiling.[3]
Lépine then separated the nine women from the approximately fifty men and ordered the men to leave.[4] He asked the remaining women whether they knew why they were there, and when one student replied "no," he answered: "I am fighting feminism." One of the students, Nathalie Provost, said, "Look, we are just women studying engineering, not necessarily feminists ready to march on the streets to shout we are against men, just students intent on leading a normal life." Lépine responded, "You're women, you're going to be engineers. You're all a bunch of feminists. I hate feminists." He then opened fire on the students from left to right, killing six, and wounding three others, including Provost.[1][5] Before leaving the room, he wrote the word shit twice on a student project.[4]
Lépine continued into the second-floor corridor and wounded three students before entering another room where he twice attempted to shoot a female student. When his weapon failed to fire, he entered the emergency staircase where he was seen reloading his gun. He returned to the room he had just left, but the students had locked the door; Lépine failed to unlock it with three shots fired into the door. Moving along the corridor, he shot at others, wounding one, before moving towards the financial services office where he shot and killed a woman through the window of the door she had just locked.[1]
He next went down to the first-floor cafeteria, in which about a hundred people were gathered. The crowd scattered after he shot a woman standing near the kitchens and wounded another student. Entering an unlocked storage area at the end of the cafeteria, Lépine shot and killed two more women hiding there. He told a male and female student to come out from under a table; they complied and were not shot.[1]
Lépine then walked up an escalator to the third floor where he shot and wounded one female and two male students in the corridor. He entered another classroom and told the three students giving a presentation to "get out," shooting and wounding Maryse Leclair, who was standing on the low platform at the front of the classroom. He fired on students in the front row and then killed two women who were trying to escape the room, while other students dove under their desks. Lépine moved towards some of the female students, wounding three of them and killing another. He changed the magazine in his weapon and moved to the front of the class, shooting in all directions. At this point, the wounded Leclair asked for help; Lépine unsheathed his hunting knife and stabbed her three times, killing her. He took off his cap, wrapped his coat around his rifle, exclaimed, "Ah shit," and then committed suicide by shooting himself in the head, twenty minutes after having begun his attack.[6] About sixty unfired cartridges remained in the boxes he carried with him. He had killed fourteen women in total (twelve engineering students, one nursing student and one employee of the university) and injured fourteen others, ten women and four men.[1][6]
After briefing reporters outside, Montreal Police director of public relations Pierre Leclair entered the building and found his daughter Maryse's stabbed body.[7][8]
The Quebec and Montreal governments declared three days of mourning.[7] A joint funeral for nine of the women was held at Notre-Dame Basilica on December 11, 1989, and was attended by Governor General Jeanne Sauvé, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Quebec premier Robert Bourassa, and Montreal mayor Jean Doré, along with thousands of other mourners.[8]
Suicide letterEdit
Marc Lépine's inside jacket pocket contained a suicide letter and two letters to friends, all dated the day of the massacre.[1] Some details from the suicide letter were revealed by the police two days after the event[9][10] but the full text was not disclosed. The media brought an unsuccessful access to information case to compel the police to release the suicide letter.[11] A year after the attacks, Lépine's three-page statement was leaked to journalist and feminist Francine Pelletier. It contained a list of nineteen Quebec women whom Lépine apparently wished to kill because he considered them feminists.[5][12] The list included Pelletier herself, as well as a union leader, a politician, a TV personality, and six police officers who had come to Lépine's attention as they were on the same volleyball team.[13] The letter (without the list of women) was subsequently published in the newspaper La Presse, where Pelletier was a columnist.[14] Lépine wrote that he considered himself rational and that he blamed feminists for ruining his life. He outlined his reasons for the attack including his anger towards feminists for seeking social changes that "retain the advantages of being women [...] while trying to grab those of the men."[15] He also mentioned Denis Lortie, a Canadian Armed Forces corporal who killed three government employees and wounded thirteen others in an armed attack on the National Assembly of Quebec on May 7, 1984.[16] The text of the original letter in French is available, as well as an English translation.
- Geneviève Bergeron (1968–1989), civil engineering student
- Hélène Colgan (1966–1989), mechanical engineering student
- Nathalie Croteau (1966–1989), mechanical engineering student
- Barbara Daigneault (1967–1989), mechanical engineering student
- Anne-Marie Edward (1968–1989), chemical engineering student
- Maud Haviernick (1960–1989), materials engineering student
- Maryse Laganière (1964–1989), budget clerk in the École Polytechnique's finance department
- Maryse Leclair (1966–1989), materials engineering student
- Anne-Marie Lemay (1967–1989), mechanical engineering student
- Sonia Pelletier (1961–1989), mechanical engineering student
- Michèle Richard (1968–1989), materials engineering student
- Annie St-Arneault (1966–1989), mechanical engineering student
- Annie Turcotte (1969–1989), materials engineering student
- Barbara Klucznik-Widajewicz (1958–1989), nursing student
In addition, suicides were later reported among students who had been present at the time of the massacre. At least two students left notes confirming that they committed suicide due to distress caused by the massacre.[17]
The shooter, Marc Lépine, initially named Gamil Gharbi, was born to a French-Canadian mother and an Algerian. His father, a mutual funds salesman, did not consider women to be the equal of men. He was physically and verbally abusive to his wife and son, discouraging tenderness between mother and child.[18][19] When Gamil was seven, his parents separated; his father ceased contact with his children soon after.[18] His mother returned to nursing to support the family, and because of her schedule, the children lived with other families during the week. At 14, Gamil changed his name to "Marc Lépine", citing his hatred of his father as the reason for taking his mother's surname.[18] Lépine attempted to join the Canadian Army during the winter of 1980–1981 but, according to his suicide letter, was rejected because he was "anti-social".[20] The brief biography of Marc Lépine that police released the day after the killings described him as intelligent but troubled.[5] He disliked feminists, career women and women in traditionally male occupations, such as the police force.[20] He began a pre-university CEGEP (college) program in pure sciences in 1982 but switched to a three-year vocational program in electronics technology after his first year. He abandoned this program in his final semester without explanation.[21][22][23] Lépine applied to the École Polytechnique in 1986 and in 1989 but lacked two CEGEP courses required for admission.[24] He completed one of them in the winter of 1989.[1][25]
Search for a rationaleEdit
A public inquiry was not held,[26] and Marc Lépine's suicide letter was not officially released as government and criminal justice officials feared that extensive public discussion about the massacre would cause pain to the families and lead to antifeminist violence.[5] In addition, although an extensive police investigation into Marc Lépine and the killings took place,[27] the resulting report was not made public, though a copy was used by the coroner as a source in her investigation.[1][28] The media, academics, women's organizations, and family members of the victims protested the lack of a public inquiry and paucity of information released.[4][5][29]
The gender of Marc Lépine's victims, as well as his oral statements during the massacre and suicide note, quickly led to the event's being seen as an antifeminist attack and as an example of the wider issue of violence against women.[30][31][32][33][34] Feminist scholars consider Lépine's actions to spring from a widespread societal misogyny, including toleration of violence against women.[31][35][36] Scholars have categorized it as a "pseudo-community" type of "pseudo-commando" murder-suicide, in which the perpetrator targets a specific group, often in a public place, and intends to die in "a blaze of glory".[37] Criminologists regard the massacre as an example of a hate or bias crime against women, as the victims were selected solely because of their membership in the category of women, and those targeted were interchangeable with others from the same group.[38][39][40] Lépine's mother later wondered if the attack was not directed at her, as some would have considered her a feminist since she was a single, working mother.[19] Others, including television journalist Barbara Frum, pleaded that the massacre not be seen as an antifeminist attack or violence against women, and questioned why people insisted on "diminishing" the tragedy by "suggesting that it was an act against just one group?"[41][42]
As predicted by Marc Lépine in his suicide letter,[15] some saw the event as the isolated act of a madman.[5][41][43] A psychiatrist interviewed Lépine's family and friends and examined his writings as part of the police investigation. He noted that Marc Lépine defined suicide as his primary motivation, and that he chose a specific suicide method, namely killing oneself after killing others (multiple homicide/suicide strategy), which is considered a sign of a serious personality disorder.[1] Other psychiatrists emphasized the traumatic events of his childhood, suggesting that the blows he had received may have caused brain damage, or that Lépine was psychotic, having lost touch with reality as he tried to erase the memories of a brutal (yet largely absent) father while unconsciously identifying with a violent masculinity that dominated women.[44][45] A different theory was that Lépine's childhood experiences of abuse led him to feel victimized as he faced losses and rejections in his later life.[45] His mother wondered whether Lépine might have suffered from attachment disorder, due to the abuse and sense of abandonment he had experienced in his childhood.[46]
Others expressed a broader analysis, framing Lépine's actions as the result of societal changes that had led to increased poverty, powerlessness, individual isolation,[47] and polarization between men and women.[48][49] Noting Lépine's interest in violent action films, some suggested that violence in the media and in society may have influenced his actions.[4]
Effects and controversyEdit
The injured and witnesses among university staff and students suffered a variety of physical, social, existential, financial, and psychological consequences, including post-traumatic stress disorder. A number of students committed suicide.[17] In the suicide letters of at least two of them, the anguish they suffered following the massacre was cited as the reason for killing themselves.[17] Nine years after the event, survivors reported still being affected by their experiences, though with time some of the effects had lessened.[17]
Failure to interveneEdit
Male survivors of the massacre have been subjected to criticism for not intervening to stop Lépine. In an interview immediately after the event, a reporter asked one of the men why they "abandoned" the women when it was clear that Lépine's targets were women.[50] René Jalbert, the sergeant-at-arms who persuaded Denis Lortie to surrender during his 1984 attack, said that someone should have intervened at least to distract Lépine, but acknowledged that "ordinary citizens cannot be expected to react heroically in the midst of terror."[7] Right-wing newspaper columnist Mark Steyn suggested that male inaction during the massacre illustrated a "culture of passivity" prevalent among men in Canada, which enabled Lépine's shooting spree: "Yet the defining image of contemporary Canadian maleness is not M Lepine/Gharbi but the professors and the men in that classroom, who, ordered to leave by the lone gunman, meekly did so, and abandoned their female classmates to their fate—an act of abdication that would have been unthinkable in almost any other culture throughout human history."[51]
Male students and staff expressed feelings of remorse for not having attempted to prevent the shootings,[4] but Nathalie Provost, one of the survivors, said that she felt that nothing could have been done to prevent the tragedy, and that her fellow students should not feel guilty.[52]
Anti-feminist interpretationEdit
The feminist movement is periodically criticized for appropriating the massacre as a symbol of male violence against women. For example, Charles Rackoff, a University of Toronto computer science professor, compared the Ku Klux Klan with those organizing vigils marking the event, writing that "[t]he point is to use the death of these people as an excuse to promote the feminist/extreme left-wing agenda," and adding that it is "no more justified" than the KKK using the "murder of a white person by a black person as an excuse to promote their agenda."[53] Other critics say that Lépine was a "lone gunman" who does not represent men, and that violence against women is neither condoned nor encouraged officially or unofficially in western culture. In this perspective, feminist memorializing is considered socially divisive on the basis of gender and therefore harmful by bestowing guilt on all men, irrespective of individual propensity to violence against women.[54][55] Some men's rights and anti-feminist commentators state that feminism has provoked violence against women, and without condoning the shootings, view the massacre as an extreme expression of men's frustrations.[56][57] A few anti-feminists view Lépine as a hero, and glorify his actions.[58][59][60][61][62][63]
Gun controlEdit
The massacre was a major spur for the Canadian gun control movement.[25] Heidi Rathjen, a student who was in one of the classrooms Lépine did not enter during the shooting, organized the Coalition for Gun Control with Wendy Cukier.[25] Suzanne Laplante-Edward and Jim Edward, the parents of one of the victims, were also deeply involved.[64] Their activities, along with others, led to the passage of Bill C-68, or the Firearms Act, in 1995, ushering in stricter gun control regulations.[25] These new regulations included requirements on the training of gun owners, screening of firearm applicants, rules concerning gun and ammunition storage and the registration of all firearms. Between 2009 and 2012, survivors of the massacre and their families publicly opposed legislative actions by Stephen Harper's Conservative government aimed at ending the requirement to register non-restricted firearms (commonly referred to as the "long-gun registry").[65][66][67] A bill was narrowly defeated in September 2010,[68][69] but following their 2011 majority election win, the long-gun registry was abolished by the Harper government in April 2012.[70] The Quebec government subsequently won a temporary injunction, preventing the destruction of the province's gun registry data, and ordering the continued registration of long guns in Quebec.[71] In March 2015, The Supreme Court of Canada ruled against Quebec, clearing the way for the destruction of all registry data.[72]
Police responseEdit
Police response to the shootings was heavily criticized. The first police officers to arrive at the scene established a perimeter around the building and waited before entering the building, During this period, several women were killed.[1][73] Subsequent changes to emergency response protocols led to praise of emergency responders' handling of the Dawson College shooting in 2006 in which one woman was killed by a shooter. In that incident, coordination amongst emergency response agencies and prompt intervention were credited with minimizing the loss of life.[74]
Violence against womenEdit
In response to the killings, a House of Commons Sub-Committee on the Status of Women was created. It released a report "The War against Women" in June 1991, which was not endorsed by the full standing committee.[75][76] However, following its recommendations, the federal government established the Canadian Panel on Violence Against Women in August 1991. The panel issued a final report, "Changing the Landscape: Ending Violence – Achieving Equality", in June 1993. The panel proposed a two-pronged "National Action Plan" consisting of an "Equality Action Plan" and a "Zero Tolerance Policy" designed to increase women's equality and reduce violence against women through government policy. Critics of the panel said that the plan failed to provide a workable timeline and strategy for implementation and that with over four hundred recommendations, the final report failed to make an impact.[77]
The Canadian women's movement sees the massacre as a symbol of violence against women. "The death of those young women would not be in vain, we promised", Canadian feminist Judy Rebick recalled. "We would turn our mourning into organizing to put an end to male violence against women."[78]
Since 1991, the anniversary of the massacre has been designated the National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women, intended as a call to action against discrimination against women.[33] A White Ribbon Campaign was launched in 1991 by a group of men in London, Ontario, in the wake of the massacre, for the purpose of raising awareness about the prevalence of male violence against women, with the ribbon symbolizing "the idea of men giving up their arms."[79] Commemorative demonstrations are held across the country each year on December 6 in memory of the slain women and numerous memorials have been built.[15]
The Place du 6-Décembre-1989 in the Côte-des-Neiges/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce borough of Montreal was created as a memorial to the victims of the massacre. Located at the corner of Decelles Avenue and Queen Mary Road, a short distance from the university, it includes the art installation Nef pour quatorze reines (Nave for Fourteen Queens) by Rose-Marie Goulet.[80] It is the site of annual commemorations on December 6.[81]
A memorial erected in Vancouver sparked controversy because it was dedicated to "all women murdered by men", which critics say implies all men are potential murderers.[82] As a result, women involved in the project received death threats and the Vancouver Park Board subsequently banned any future memorials that might "antagonize" other groups.[83][84]
The event has also been commemorated through references in television, theatre, and popular music. A play about the shootings by Adam Kelly called The Anorak was named as one of the best plays of 2004 by the Montreal Gazette.[85] Colleen Murphy's play "December Man" was first staged in Calgary in 2007[86] The movie Polytechnique, directed by Denis Villeneuve was released in 2009, and sparked controversy over the desirability of reliving the tragedy in a commercial film.[87][88] Several songs have been written about the events, including "This Memory" by the folk duo the Wyrd Sisters,[86] and "6 December 1989" by the Australian singer Judy Small.[89]
In 2013, a new science building at John Abbott College was named in honour of Anne-Marie Edward, a victim of the massacre who attended the college before going on to university.[90]
For the commemorative ceremony on the 25th anniversary of the massacre in 2014, fourteen searchlights representing the 14 victims of the massacre were installed on the summit of Mount Royal and turned skyward at the exact time when the attack had started 25 years earlier.[91] Also in 2014, the Order of the White Rose was established, a $30,000 national scholarship for female engineering graduate students. The selection committee was made up of presidents, principals and deans of engineering from several prestigious Canadian universities and chaired by Michèle Thibodeau-DeGuire,[92] the first female graduate of École Polytechnique.[93]
See alsoEdit
- 2014 Isla Vista killings, a killing spree in the United States in which misogyny was cited as one of the killer's motives
- Toronto van attack, worst mass killing in Canada since this one, killer also motivated by misogyny.
- List of massacres in Canada
- Port Arthur massacre, a 1996 shooting in Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia that similarly changed opinion on gun control
- Enclave: The Ottawa Women's Monument, a monument in Canada to women killed by men.
- Quebec City mosque shooting, another terrorist attack/mass shooting that took place in Quebec.
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- ^ Helene Meyers (2001). Femicidal fears: narratives of the female gothic experience. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 0-7914-5151-8.
- ^ Boissoneault, Lorraine. "The Mass Shooting That Reshaped the Canadian Debate About Guns and Political Identity". Smithsonian. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
- ^ Mélissa Blais (2008). "Marc Lépine: heros ou martyr? Le masculinisme et la tuerie de l'École polytechnique". In Blais, Mélissa and Dupuis-Déri, Francis (eds.). Le mouvement masculiniste au Québec. Les Éditions du remue-ménage. pp. 86–92. ISBN 0-670-06969-8.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
- ^ Nicoud, Anabelle (November 12, 2009). "Des disciples de Marc Lépine font fuir un réalisateur". La Presse. Archived from the original on December 27, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2014.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ^ Hanes, Alison (December 2, 2005). "Man threatens to repeat Montreal massacre". Ottawa Citizen. p. A9.
- ^ Tremblay, Stephane (March 31, 2010). "Anti-feminist blogger calls himself 'masculinist activist'". Toronto Sun.
- ^ Csanady, Ashley (October 15, 2014). "The bizarre love for Marc Lepine among men's rights groups". canada.com. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
- ^ Boyd, Denny (April 20, 1992). "Couple salvages purpose from their daughter's tragic death". Vancouver Sun. p. B1.
- ^ Delacourt, Susan (December 5, 2009). "Long-gun registry politics taint service for the victims". Toronto Star. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
- ^ Fedio, Chloe (September 21, 2010). "A mother's battle to save the long-gun registry". Toronto Star. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ Peritz, Ingrid (December 6, 2009). "'A slap in the face' for victims". Globe and Mail. Canada. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
- ^ Campion-Smith, Bruce & Whittington, Les (September 22, 2010). "Long-gun registry survives tight Commons vote". Toronto Star. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ MacCharles, Tonda (November 24, 2011). "Montreal massacre survivor slams plan to scrap long-gun registry". Toronto Star. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
- ^ "Long-gun registry end to be celebrated by Tories as fury mounts in Quebec". National Post. April 5, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
- ^ Montgomery, Sue (April 21, 2012). "Quebec court backs long-gun registry, sets stage for federal legal battle". National Post. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
- ^ "CanLII – 2015 SCC 14 (CanLII)". Retrieved December 18, 2015.
- ^ Sheppard, Robert (September 15, 2006). "A sea change in police tactics when it comes to gunmen". CBC News. Retrieved December 29, 2006.
- ^ Rakobowchuk, Peter (September 14, 2006). "Lessons learned from 1989 Montreal massacre help save lives at Dawson college". Canadian Press. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved December 28, 2006.
- ^ Vienneau, David (January 19, 1991). "Probe on violence toward women blocked". Toronto Star. p. A4.
- ^ Hooks, Tess; LeClerc, Patrice; Beaujot, Roderic (2005). "Women in Canada: a century of struggle". In Janet Mancini Billson, Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban (ed.). Female well-being: toward a global theory of social change. Zed Books. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-1-84277-009-2.
- ^ Harder, Sandra. "Violence against women: the Canadian Panel's final report". Government of Canada. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ Rebick, Judy (December 6, 2000). "Where's the funding for abused women?". CBC. Archived from the original on March 21, 2007. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
- ^ "Men wearing white ribbons". CBC. November 27, 1991. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
- ^ CBC news (December 5, 1999). "Monument to slain women unveiled". CBC. Archived from the original on November 11, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
- ^ Young, Katherine K.; Nathanson, Paul (2006). Legalizing misandry: from public shame to systematic discrimination against men. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 69–70. ISBN 0-7735-2862-8.
- ^ Campbell, Charles (November 11, 2004). "Magnets for Memory". The Tyee. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
- ^ Cooper, Rachelle (April 19, 2006). "Book a Monument to Canadian Women Murdered by Men". at Guelph. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
- ^ Ingram, Gordon Brent (February 2, 2000). "Contests over social memory in waterfront Vancouver: Historical editing & obfuscation through public art" (PDF). on the w@terfront. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
- ^ "Stage Productions: The Anorak". Queen's University Faculty of Applied Science. Archived from the original on August 27, 2007. Retrieved March 2, 2014.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ^ a b Posner, Michael (April 10, 2008). "A brutal massacre makes for a delicate art". Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
- ^ Kelley, Brendan (January 1, 2009). "Polytechnique: open to debate". Montreal Gazette. Archived from the original on April 18, 2009.
- ^ Hamilton, Graeme (January 28, 2009). "Montreal massacre film brings up 'too many memories'". National Post. Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Tomm, Winnie (October 30, 2010). Bodied Mindfulness: Women's Spirits, Bodies and Places. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 75. ISBN 9781554588022.
- ^ Greenaway, Kathryn (April 23, 2013). "John Abbott College opened horizons for Anne-Marie Edward". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
- ^ "Se souvenir de Polytechnique". Radio-Canada. December 6, 2014..
- ^ "25 years after the tragedy, Polytechnique Montréal launches the Order of the White Rose and the Week of the White Rose". Carrefour de l'Actualité. Polytechnique Montreal. October 31, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
- ^ "Michèle Thibodeau-DeGuire". Chambre de commerce de Montreal. 2001. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
- Eglin, Peter; Hester, Stephen (2003). The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 0-88920-422-5.
- Lépine, Monique; Gagné, Harold (2008). Aftermath. Viking Canada. ISBN 978-0-670-06969-9.
- O'Donovan, Theresa M (2007). Rage and Resistance: A Theological Reflection on the Montreal Massacre. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 978-0-88920-522-2.


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About Loita
Loita Capital Partners International Limited is an investment banking firm focused on Africa. Loita provides services in the arrangement and funding of debt transactions; advisory services and capital-raising for equity transactions; bank management; correspondent banking; asset management; and other corporate-oriented financial services.
Founded in 1992 by a group of international bankers, Loita has since grown into a unique pan-African group with a dedicated team of professionals from around the world. The group originates and completes transactions across Africa from a network of company and affiliated locations and relies on this local network to share and apply best practices, which take into account the reality and demands of our markets.
Loita's competitive advantage derives from the ability to bridge the gap between the objectives of regional and international financial institutions and Africa's investment banking requirements. At Loita, we have created the optimum environment from which to originate and structure innovative solutions to those requirements.
Loita derives its name from the Loita Naimina Enkio Forest in Kenya, a beautiful indigenous forest preserved by the local Maasai community.
Importantly, many of Kenya's early independence struggles were launched from the forest and thus it still stands for us today a symbol of a rich, emerging Africa.

subset: commoncrawl


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As the first Iraq election results started to trickle in Thursday, many countries in the Middle East were watching closely for clues to how the outcome will shape regional dynamics.
A victory by Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki's coalition, which initial results show leading a tight race, would likely ensure the continued presence and influence of Iran in Iraqi politics.
But majority Sunni nations are watching for a surge from Iyad Allawi's Iraqiya coalition. Mr. Allawi, a secular Shiite and former member of Saddam Hussein's Baath party, is seen as an Arab nationalist whose policies would tilt toward his Arab neighbors, rather than to Iran.
Under Mr. Hussein, Iraq was a bulwark for Arab states against the regional ambitions and influence of Iran, a Shiite regime long feared and often hated by its Sunni neighbors. Arab leaders are concerned that oil-rich Iraq could become part of an expanding sphere of Iranian influence.
"The issue here will be the reaction of Iran and the Sunni countries like Egypt and Saudi Arabia," said Emad Gad, a political analyst at Cairo's Al Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, a government-financed think tank. "Iran is dealing with Iraq today as a region of Iranian influence, so Iran will refuse any Iraqi government that doesn't deal with Iran as a big brother." Saudi Arabia would likely try to isolate a new Maliki government to counter Iranian influence, says Dr. Gad.
A new phase
Many in the region are watching the election with trepidation, and wondering what kind of regime will be left behind when US forces withdraw.
"We might be moving into a new phase where as the US takes a bow the other regional players step up their own presence, but it's difficult to tell for now," says Peter Harling, the International Crisis Group's project director for Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria. "That's one of the question marks for the period to come, how the US withdrawal and the vacuum that it entails will play out regionally."
In largely Sunni Arab Jordan, home to the second-largest population of Iraqi refugees after Syria, grocer Majdi Hijazin says he worries about what will happen if Shiites or Kurds gain more power. Mr. Hijazin says that he, like most Jordanians, hopes the Sunnis will be the big winners in the election. If not, he fears Iran may further influence Iraq, which could negatively affect Jordan in terms of both security and business opportunities.
"Of course it will have an effect on us Jordanians, but it's very hard to know how exactly this election will affect us," he says. "Jordanians don't know what the Shiites will do if they come into power."
Western enthusiasm 'premature'
Others across the region were more disinterested than worried, viewing US praise of the election as somewhat naïve and saying one election will not cause a huge political shift, or even much of a difference at all.
"Right now, the Egyptians are not interested in Iraq," said Ahmed Khalifa, a newspaper seller in Cairo. "The important things are Palestine, Gaza. Iraq doesn't affect us."
Samir Al Taqi, director of the Orient Center for International Studies in Damascus, called Western enthusiasm over the elections "premature." Before observers come to any conclusions about the election, he says they must first see if the new government is representative of Iraq's different ethnic groups. If not, violence and instability are likely to continue.
"The Iraqi elections were a decisive step in Iraq's path towards nation building. But we can't yet judge whether they were a success and will move Iraq forward," he says.
And even if the election is proved a relative success, it will not mean an end to the country's problems, says Ahmad Said Nufal, a political science professor at Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan. He predicts that his country and others such as Syria and Turkey will likely be hosting Iraqi refugees for years to come.
"I don't think the election in Iraq will change anything. The problems between the parties will continue and at the same time terrorist attacks in Iraq will continue," says Mr. Nufal. "We need two or three years to be sure before we say that [displaced] people can return back to Iraq."
Jordanians, Syrians want stability
Some Jordanians are hoping Iraq is stabilizing, providing business opportunities in the sprawling nation next door.
"If after the elections everything goes smoothly, it will affect us positively. People will start to do more business with Iraq and it will be more open between the two countries," says Georgette Fattaleh, a pharmacist in Amman. "But no one in Jordan thinks the elections will change Iraq. Now at the White House they are very happy about these elections, but it will not help."
In Syria, some hope a positive outcome to the elections will bring more stability to the region.
Amer Kasser, a telecommunications professional in Damascus, said it was positive to see a democracy emerging in the region and he hoped the government that emerges from the election would be strong enough to bring stability to Iraq.
Haifa Mohammad Said, a translator and editor at the Syrian Arab News Agency, also said she hoped the elections would be a positive step for the region, and allow Syria and Iraq to resolve border and refugee issues.
"The elections will hopefully help to do that," she says. "Whether this will happen or not depends on the results and whether there have been clean elections. Even so, Iraq still has a long way to go to get back on its feet."
Sarah Birke contributed to this report from Damascus, Syria.


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(n.) A condition which occurs while or directly following the witnessing of an action of or statement by a person who would fit the description of a douche bag. Usually tied to the emotional sensation of being embarrassed on behalf of another person because whatever they just did was packed full of douchery. Sometimes accompanied by the phrase "are you fucking kidding me?" and a sour facial expression.
Josh: I can't come to the party tonight dude, I gotta get my burn on at the gym. Plus I just got that new Dave Matthews. Yeah!
Eavesdropping bystander: Wow. I just got douchebumps.
Eavesdropping bystander: Wow. I just got douchebumps.
by christenapril March 14, 2010
A bump on the skin, normally on the skin at the back of the neck, that appears when you are surrounded by douche bags or when you encounter a particularly-huge douche bag.
douche douche bag douche bumps
douche douche bag douche bumps
Whenever that douche bag Hansell is around, Tim gets a huge douche bump on the back of his neck.
by jjmills April 26, 2007
The bumps you get from seeing a hair-raising douchebag. Usually brought on by the "douche chills."
Brrr. CDC, that dude gives me the douche bumps.
by Unflappable May 08, 2006
The tingly, nauseated physical sensation you experience in the presence of a douchebag or an act of douchebaggery.
I ran into Dylan at the bar, which was totally lame. After how he treated Madison, just the sound of his voice is enough to give me douchebumps.
by disgruntledgoat April 19, 2007
A sensation that one feels in the skin when you are surrounded by a room of douche bags or particularly douchy douchetastics. The sensation can usually be overcome by immediately removing yourself from the company of any douchebags.
Jimmy, duck so douchetastic doesn't see us over here and talk to us about his douche bag life. I'm trying to avoid another case of douche bumps.
by Bling (the original) April 26, 2007
Metaphorical description used to describe the negative visceral reaction/response one feels when in the company of a douche/douchebag.
I can't stand that guy. He gives me douche bumps.
by ric scu May 26, 2014
Trending RN - November 14, 2019
- 1. yariman
- 2. Onanism
- 3. November 19
- 4. National ask a girl out day
- 5. National Ask Someone Out Day
- 6. Maction
- 7. November the 13th
- 8. Bifle
- 9. Zetus Lapetus
- 10. december 13
- 11. Wobbly H
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- 19. october 27
- 20. Jewdank
- 21. Bidoof's Law
- 22. garn
- 23. coitus interruptus
- 24. Bidoof's Law
- 25. hulu and hang
- 26. February 11
- 27. These heaux
- 29. Heaux
- 30. indefinite hiatus


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The cloth used in Viking tents is usually presumed to be a ships sails AFAIK. I think this is because all 3 surviving tent frames are from ship burials, and there was that big bundle of wool that has been theorised as being the sail/tent on the Oseberg ship. It's a reasonable theory. The cloth bundle from Oseberg wasn't/isn't in any condition to be flattened out and investigated so we have no concrete evidence either way. Linen doesn't tend to survive long burial in most cases, and I don't remember seeing any reported from either ship burial. There may therefore have been a flax or hemp sail that disintegrated before the ships were uncovered. No evidence either way.
Has anybody on these lists had much contact with any of the reproduction Viking ships? Are their sails wool, or linen? If wool, how does the it stand up to the stresses of a sail's life? Later sails were made of linen.
I'm thinking of making a small tent to bring with me to live in on-site over the 3 Clontarf events and I'm not sure what material I should be looking at. Wool "canvas" could be problematic to source, but flax and/or hemp canvas is still available in various weights, weaves and widths.
Andrea from Australia


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Welcome To Village Creek Country Inn
"Nature Created The View, We Create The Experience"
Check Availability & Book Your Stay
Nestled in the heart of The Village At Pigeon Lake Resort & Town Centre, our hotel accommodations have all the warmth and charm of country living. Picture yourself in the midst of tranquility with all the modern conveniences at your fingertips. Our 35 room hotel offers the perfect location for business retreats & personal getaways.
The Village Creek Country Inn at Pigeon Lake features fireplace suites, full kitchens, satellite TV, WIFI and more. We offer resort tranquility within mid-week reach. Please click on the links to view our Guest Rooms, Meeting Rooms, Retreat Packages, Local Area Information and to see the Village At Pigeon Lake Amenities.


text: SURP-ASPET PROGRAM DETAILS SURP Application Contact Us Goal The goal of the SURP program in Molecular Pharmacology is to offer undergraduate students interested in molecular pharmacology the opportunity for an exceptional research experience in a cutting-edge research facility. The research laboratory experience provides students with an enhanced understanding of the scientific process as well as hands-on experience in state-of- the- art techniques. The primary goal of the program is to guide and encourage the interests of highly motivated students considering the pursuit of an advanced degree in molecular pharmacology. Program Description Under the guidance of experienced faculty members, students will participate in the ongoing research efforts of their host laboratory. During the ten week program, students will develop their knowledge of basic laboratory skills and experience the scientific process in action. There will also be opportunities to collaborate with other skilled research professionals and graduate students in the lab. In addition, students will participate in activities within the Molecular Pharmacology Program, including an Ethics Workshop, a bi-weekly lunchtime lecture series with selected faculty speakers who will introduce students to career opportunities in molecular pharmacology, lab meetings, weekly Graduate Student Summer Seminars showcasing current students' research as well as selected social activities with other SURP fellows. The program will conclude with a colloquium where students will have the opportunity to present the results of their research. Participating Faculty and SURP Program Details For additional detailed information about the research focus of individual participating faculty members, please click on the faculty member's name below. For overall SURP program details please click on Program Details link at the top of the page.


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This page defines primary user-roles in using OpenEmbedded. The material resulted from some discussions at OEDEM that were truncated due to time restrictions.
The goal of identifying user-roles is to be able to categorize different tooling scenarios, and what types of users will be interested in specific features. Tools designed for role type may not be appropriate for other roles. For example, a GUI for recipe editing may not be helpful for an application developer that's looking to remote debug their application on a target. On the other hand, a simple press-button build GUI may not be interesting for a seasoned OE hacker.
Role Types
Application Developer
The application developer's main concern is developing and testing any given application on a target system. This person does not care nor want to learn much about the internal details of the build system or package metadata. The best possible case is that these systems are transparent and the developer is able to easily build and deploy applications to the target device.
Distro Developer
Distro developer's concern is to compose packages and configurations into a working system. The disto developer has deep knowledge of packages available in Linux, and how sets of packages work well together. Additionally the distro developer is not afraid to work deeply within the build system to make it better, and to produce better, more maintainable package metadata and target systems.
Package Developer
The package developer is often a mix of the previous two role types. Often they have some knowledge of the build system and applications and build tools used to create those applications. They typically act as a bridge between pure application developers and the resulting target system that's produced. Package developers write recipes, debug applications, and debug build problems.


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Pasta Lensi
Pasta Lensi, an authentic Italian import made of 100% premium durum wheat semolina delivers a true taste of Italy through its unique shapes and Traditional Bronze die extrusion process. This process assures a rough texture for better cooking performance and enhanced sauce absorption. Pasta Lensi is the elegant choice for casual and fine dining. Experience the art of pasta!
Visit our consumer site for additional information, www.pastalensi.com


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I can remember going back to school. The day would approach, ominous, as I lie trembling under the covers, waiting as each day turned into the day after, the calendar slipping by, until finally: the morning of going back to school.
Okay, so maybe I'm a bit melodramatic (hmmm...maybe a lot). But the point is, going back to school ain't no fun. I remember the sense of foreboding, like clouds rolling in from the west...(there I go again).
But all you parents...you know, you can help. Sit with your kids, talk to them. They may be thrilled going back to school! And, they may not. I can tell you, sometimes, I HATED that night before the first day back.
But, some of my fondest memories of my childhood, are of doing things with my parents. Bonding while shooting hoops, playing backyard cricket, and playing games. Oh, boy! We used to play Scrabble, Monopoly, Yahtzee, Trivial Pursuit...good times!
Games encourage creativity, imagination and promote healthy competition and a sense of fair play (I swear...I ACCIDENTALLY knocked the board! Just because I was losing...) And, bonding with your kids before they head back to school might help them adjust a little easier.
Cir*Kis is the new game from Winning Moves. The idea is to complete circles and stars on the game board, following the leader with your move. I love games like this! I'm such a big kid. Completing all those shapes, while trying to outwit the other people...loads of fun!
Cir*Kis is licenced by Hasbro and can be found at places like Wal-Mart, Target and K-Mart, as well as speciality stores like Toys R' Us and B&N. But Winning Moves, they're nice people.
Winning Moves are so nice, they're giving away a copy of Cir*Kis!
Simply leave a comment telling us what your parents used to do to bond with you! Did they play games with you? Take you fishing? To the library? To monster truck rallies? Let us know!
- A winner will be randomly chosen, and the giveaway ends September 27, 2009.
- To find out how to earn extra entries, click here!
- US residents only, please!
Winning Moves Games!


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retro games 100 wrote:Exciting new project! Please can you
a) Show an image of the VGA to S-Video / Composite box.
b) Explain your objective for capturing VGA output from a retro machine.
TheLazy1 wrote:I thought I saw a VGA->Component adapter before, though maybe it was for something proprietary?
TheLazy1 wrote:Youtube is barfing now, but I've found yadif2x to be the best deinterlacer. (for TV anyway)
TheLazy1 wrote:Defaults should be ok, but upscaling is better done by video players than by resizing the video and encoding it.
You'll save space and encoding time.
Users browsing this forum: The Serpent Rider and 4 guests


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Thursday November 14, 2019; 06:54 pm EST
The brightest Evening Star
Sunset finds Venus ablaze low in the southwest before setting by 8pm. There is no brighter planet or star, and so close to the horizon Venus can pulse and shimmer as its light is distorted by our atmosphere. Traveling close to the sun, Venus appears for at most a few hours either after sunset or before dawn. This led early civilizations to believe that the evening star and the morning star were two distinct objects. The ancient Greeks called the morning Venus Phosphoros and the evening apparition Hesperos. It wasn't until the age of Greek enlightenment in the fourth century BC that both objects were recognized as the same.
Another planet doesn't appear until nearly midnight when Jupiter crests the east-northeast horizon. Thursday evening the moon precedes it by less than 10 degrees, while Friday the two have swapped places. By daybreak they're high in the south.
To the north of Jupiter are the twin stars of Gemini, Castor and Pollux, while to the south of the moon is Procyon of Canis Minor. Procyon is the seventh brightest star at magnitude .34 but is still no rival to Jupiter, which shines at magnitude –2. Saturday Procyon, Jupiter and the last-quarter moon form a tight triangle.
Tuesday the waning crescent moon rises around 2am with Mars trailing less than 10 degrees. Blue-white Regulus is equally close to the two, forming a near-perfect triangle. The next morning the moon is farthest east, but the three still form an obtuse triangle.
Around 10pm the constellation Pegasus shines directly overhead. While its brightest stars are only second magnitude, each marks a corner of a great square. The brightest star, Alpharatz, marks a string of stars stretching to the northeast that ends in a smudge of light. It is actually the combined light of hundreds of billions of stars making up the Andromeda Galaxy 2.5 million light years away.


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Students create a physical model illustrating soil water balance using drinking glasses to represent the soil column, and explain how the model can be used to interpret data and form predictions.
This Hubble Space Telescope image shows what appears to be a delicate bubble of gas floating serenely in space. In actuality, the bubble is the visible remnant of a powerful supernova explosion called SNR 0509. The bubble was formed from gas being swept up by the expanding shock wave.
This gallery features satellite images and photographs of Earth including the whole Earth, our moon, ocean, weather, volcanoes and geography.
This set of physics-based labs uses data from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft.
Learners will build a spectroscope and use it to observe various types of lights. This activity requires spectroscope kits, diffraction gratings and fluorescent and incandescent light sources. The kits are available for purchase in packs of 25 from Astronomers without Borders.
Learners will construct two different types of trusses to develop an understanding of engineering design for truss structures and the role of shapes in the strength of structures. For optimum completion - this activity should span 3 class periods to allow the glue on the structures to dry.
This online module includes three activities: Spiral Shapes, Elliptical Slide, and Imagine Irregular. By completing these activities, students discover that galaxies come in different shapes and learn about the process used by astronomers to classify them.
Students are introduced to the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite mission and its role in studying the water cycle. This webquest provides links to eight websites, allowing middle school students to explore the water cycle and its impacts on Earth's weather and climate.
This twelve-minute YouTube video incorporates NASA imagery and visualizations as it traces the history of air quality research.
This worksheet introduces students to the Aura satellite and its Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Students are asked to visit the Aura website and examine OMI data visualizations to learn about emissions of atmospheric gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide.


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Cactus is back, now with FREE shipping!
We carry a wide variety of foods and supplies for reptiles. If there is a particular food or supply that you need but don't see here, contact us and we will do our best to help you.
Our feeder insects are very high quality and shipped Monday through Wednesday only . This is to ensure that the feeders arrive live and healthy. Earthworms (European nightcrawlers and redworms) are sent by priority mail.
Our powder supplements are unique. They are used by breeders and hobbyist who have trouble finding a good variety of food for their herbivore reptiles. They are also used by many to gut load insects such as crickets, superworms, mealworms etc.


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Can I get temporary custody as part of a restraining order against the other parent?
Whether or not you can get temporary custody with a restraining order depends on the laws of your state and on the judge who hears your case. In most states, you can ask for temporary custody of your children as part of a restraining order against the other parent of those children. Not every state allows this, so you should read the particular rules on our Restraining Orders page for your state. Also, even if your state allows for temporary custody to be given in a restraining order, the decision is up to the judge who hears your request for a restraining order.
Also, if the other parent gets a custody order from a different court, it might conflict with the custody provision in your restraining order. If that is the case, you should talk to a lawyer to figure out if your temporary custody is still valid in spite of the other parent's order. To find legal referrals, go to our Finding a Lawyer page.
Can I get temporary emergency custody?
States may have different standards for when emergency custody is granted. Some courts will grant you emergency custody without notice to the other parent and without that parent present ("ex parte"). Judges may only do this in extreme situations but it may depend on your state or county. You may need to prove to the judge that your kids are in danger in order to get an emergency custody order like this or you may not. You may want to explain your situation to a custody lawyer for advice on whether you may be a good candidate for getting an emergency custody order. If you do get an ex parte order, these orders generally are only for a short period of time so there may be a hearing to decide a final custody order.
Note: An "ex parte" order may not be enforceable in other states. We suggest checking with a lawyer if you are planning on traveling to another state.
To file for emergency custody, we suggest that you contact a lawyer. To find one in your area, please click the Places that Help tab at the top of this page.
Who can help me with further questions?
WomensLaw.org strongly recommends that you talk to someone in a local domestic violence agency and a lawyer to help you with this decision, if you have not already. To find a local agency or someone who can help you, click on the Places that Help tab at the top of this page.
Remember, the information on this page is just general information. Your state may have differing laws or other things you can do.
You may also want to check your state's custody page on this site for additional information. Go to Custody and put your state into the drop-down menu.


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MEMPHIS, Tenn.—After trailing by as much as 16 in the first half, the Birmingham-Southern women's basketball team mounted a second-half comeback to lead by four before falling to Berry, 76-70, Friday evening in the quarterfinals of the 2014 Southern Athletic Association Championship, hosted by top-seeded Rhodes in Memphis, Tenn.
The fifth-seeded Panthers end their season with a 10-16 mark, while the fourth-seeded Vikings move to 14-12 and will face number one seed Rhodes tomorrow in the semifinals.
Berry scored the first basket of the game, a three-pointer by Mel McLean, and pulled out to an 11-2 lead by the 14:36 mark. Berry would lead by as much as 16, 24-8, at the 10:08 mark, and led 47-33 at the half.
The Panthers came out firing in the second half, using a 12-2 run to open the stanza and cut it to 49-45 in the first five minutes. A three-pointer from junior Kayla Ford tied things up for the first time, 53-53, with 11:21 left, and a three by senior Elizabeth Bromirski at the 9:51 mark gave the Panthers their first lead of the game, 58-57. BSC would lead by as much as four, 63-59 with 6:51 on the clock, but the Vikings scored 11 straight points after that to go back up, 70-63, with 3:29 left.
A three-pointer from sophomore Kelsey Brown cut the Berry lead to two, 72-70, with 55 seconds left in the game, prompting a Berry timeout, after which the Vikings made a layup to extend their lead back to four, 74-70, with 38 seconds on the clock. After a BSC missed shot and defensive rebound by the Vikings, the Panthers fouled to send Chanlir Segarra to the free throw line, where she missed both and Ford pulled down the rebounds for BSC with 15 seconds left in the game. But the Panthers turned the ball over with seven seconds remaining, and were forced to foul again. Segarra hit both free throws this time to extend the Berry lead to six, 76-70, and put the game out of reach with two seconds remaining.
Ford led four Panthers in double figures with 15 points, followed by Brown and Bromirski with 12 each and sophomore Jane Romano with 11. Bromirski led with nine rebounds, and Ford had four steals.
Five Vikings scored in double figures, led by Emma Cook with 19 points and 13 rebounds. Berry shot a season-high 52.3 percent from the field but also turned the ball over 21 times, 10 more than the Panthers with 11.


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Straight up jumping on an ordinary trampoline has the potential to become humdrum fast. But fill 13,000 square feet with more than 50 trampolines, launching decks of varying heights, basketball hoops, foam pits and dodgeball courts, and the jumping becomes an adventure full of slam dunks, somersaults and parkour tricks.
Welcome to New Britain's new Flight Trampoline Park, which opened in early July after the three owners (Cameron Gentry, Dustin Ward, and Dustin Estes) brought the concept to Connecticut from the West Coast.
"It's like a skate park but with trampolines," says Ward. "It's super healthy and a great workout. You can burn 1,100 calories per-hour jump." Guests pay $13 for an hour access to the facility, or $23 for two hours.
Ward believes there was a need for a recreational trampoline park in Connecticut because trampoline facilities in the state are mainly for exercise or training, although the Trampoline Place in Plainville is open to the public for recreational use at certain hours. The owners hope to build more trampoline parks in the East, with plans to open their next facility in Springfield.
A movie set designer was hired to create the new facility, which is designed with an open floor plan to create a more social atmosphere.
"Everything is custom made," says Gentry. "We hired a local artist to do the spray paint art. We spent a lot of money on the look of it."
Referees oversee that strict rules are enforced to ensure the safety of jumpers. For instance, only one jumper at a time is allowed per jump area (except dodgeball courts) in order to avoid double bouncing. Anyone under 18 must have a parent sign a waiver, and no one under 13 can be dropped off without an adult.
"Safety is the key," says Ward. "It was important to hire people who understand the risks to be considered. We basically have over-the-top safety."
Gentry says that the trampolines are high quality, manufactured by Val Iverson's Trampoline Parks LLC based in Utah. The Iverson business has built numerous trampoline parks in both the U.S. and Canada.
Ward and Gentry say their trampolines are bigger than other trampoline parks, such as their main competition, Skyzone, which is opening a facility in Bethel in late October or early November and has plans to expand to New Haven and Hartford. Flight Park trampolines have more padding and better spring, the owners say, because the goal is to keep the jumper from getting bored.
The trampoline park will offer Flight Fit classes as a unique way to stay, or get, in shape. A date for the classes has not been set, but Estes says they plan to start in the next few weeks. They have hired personal trainers and Zumba instructors who have integrated their exercise programs for trampolines. Gentry says this concept health, fitness, and fun together. Prices for the classes have not been determined.
Monday nights are family night, when a family of 5 can jump for $35 an hour.
"We are creating a great family interaction," says Gentry. "It's safe for kids. There really is no other place like this."
The owners' goal is have at least four facilities open by the end of the year then another four the following year.
"We started looking nationwide on where to start and we didn't want competition," says Ward. "Eventually we settled on Connecticut and started in Hartford. But then we saw the number of kids in the New Britain area."
Another feature: On Friday and Saturday nights the park hosts Flight Clubs, when the facility creates a night-club atmosphere with laser lights and music for guests 15 and over. And there will be jumping, of course. Prices are the same as regular daytime jump sessions.
"I'm excited to be here," says Gentry. "It's a great community to be a part of and great fit overall."
>>Flight Trampoline Park, 140 Productions Court, New Britain, is open daily Monday through Thursday from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m.; Friday to Saturday, 10 a.m. to 11 p.m.; and Sunday 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. Prices are half hour $9; one hour $13; two hours $2. Six and under pay $8 for one hour; and $15 for two hours. Parties available for various rates. Parking is free and group discounts are available. Information: flightct.com and 860-505-8218.


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First Station Area Working Group Meeting Draws Strong Turnout
The Inner SE Station Area Planning process kicked off Thursday, June 6 with the first Station Area Working Group meeting. Approximately 45 people, including neighborhood residents, employees, property and business owners and representatives of institutions in the area attended the 2.5 hour event.
After a project team presentation covering the planning process and background information, participants broke into small groups to discuss their vision for the four different station areas, as well as issues and opportunities related to the new Portland-Milwaukie Light Rail alignment. There were good discussions, and many different perspectives were shared. Staff will summarize feedback from this meeting, as well as the two neighborhood walks held in early June (June 8 and June 13), and make them available prior to the next Working Group meeting on July 17.
See the meeting packet for background information and to view the staff presentation.
Inner SE Station Area Planning
During the summer of 2013, the City of Portland will begin the Inner SE Station Area Planning effort, which will update the vision and long-range plan for the areas around the four new close-in SE Portland light rail stations at OMSI, Clinton, Rhine and Holgate. During this first phase of planning, a series of working group meetings and other public events will be held to gather community input on the future character of these station areas. During the second phase, starting in the fall, ideas will be refined to create preferred concepts and specific recommendations for implementation. See the event flyer for a complete listing of summer events.


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I have also had a fitting by Guiseppe and Velo-solutions. Having spent alot of money with other so-called experts in London on bike fits with stupid results like being told I need my stem pointing up the air with my bars higher than my saddle (you all know who i'm talking about!) Finally Guiseppe got me in a comfortable position where i'm producing more power with each pedal stroke. I now even get comments about how graceful I look on the bike now. I cannot tell you how good these guys are, yes it's expensive but so is buying the wrong size bike. I can't wait to see the results of the bespoke maxima rs as that's next on my list.
You've got your bike set up perfectly? You've been riding long enough to know what works for you so you don't need anyone to come along and tinker with it. They'll just mess everything up, right? Wrong.
I've come to Le Beau Velo in Shoreditch, London to have a bike fit done. We're getting a super high-end Viner Maxima RS race bike in to review on road.cc and it's going to be custom-made to our exact requirements. Excited? You betcha boots! Bespoke bike building is what the Italian brand is all about and we can't wait to give it a go.
Le Beau Velo is a boutiquey place tucked away in a backstreet off Shoreditch High Street. It's in a basement, you have to press a buzzer to get in, and it's full of posh bikes – Viner, Frondriest, Legend… you know, some seriously high-class brands.
As well as meeting the owner, Mal, I'm here to hook up with Peter and Guiseppe from Velo Solutions who are going to measure me up for the Viner – bike fitting is what they do – and the first step in the process is to get the ride position on one of my existing bikes completely dialled. They'll then take all the relevant dimensions from that setup and have the Maxima built to those measurements. Make sense?
Guiseppe is the bike fit expert with zillions of years of experience behind him, but he's Italian and speaks little English, so Peter is there to help out and make everything a lot easier.
You don't need to be having a bespoke frame made to benefit from a bike fit, though. Far from it. You can book up and have your ride position sorted so you can ride as comfortably and as efficiently as possible.
I'll put my cards on the table; I've always been a bit skeptical about bike fitting. I mean, surely through trial and error over many years of cycling and reading the odd article on the subject, I'll have ended up in the position that's bang on. If it wasn't right it would feel not right and I'd change it. Plus, I spend half of my cycling time on test bikes and you can never set them all up exactly the same way. I'm chopping and changing all the time yet I never seem to suffer any ill effects, so just how precise a science can bike fit actually be?
That said, I was approaching this with interest and with a mind that was as open as I could manage. If someone could really improve my bike set up, brilliant, let's do it. But really, I was just curious to know how close to perfection I'd managed to hone my everyday ride position. As it turns out, not very close at all…
Guiseppe does everything by eye. Well, that's not exactly true. He does everything by eye to start with, he taps all the information into the computer, the computer thinks about it, does a few calculations, thinks about it some more and then agrees that Guiseppe was right in the first place.
The process is pretty straightforward and completely painless. Guiseppe sets up your bike on a turbo trainer and levels it out, he takes a few measurements – your height, inside leg, arms and so on – sticks some sticky white dots on your joints as reference points and then gets you to spin the pedals.
Okay, the positives first. Fortunately my bike frame was the right size, more or less. Apparently, lots of people who come in for a bike fit are on the wrong sized frame to start with and there's only so much that tweaks to the saddle and handlebar position can do to correct that. Sure, you can stick on a super long stem or whatever but it could badly affect the handling. Basically, if you're on the wrong sized frame, you're fighting a losing battle and you're never going to get things 100% right.
My Litespeed was okay, though – just a touch too long for me in the top tube so the Viner will be made a little bit shorter, but close enough, according to Guiseppe, for him to get a decent fit. At least he wasn't throwing his arms up in the air and cursing in Italian.
Other positives: well, the cleats on my shoes were bolted in the right position. And that's about it. Here's the list in full:
• Saddle too high
• Saddle too far forward (needs layback rather than inline seatpin)
• Handlebars too low
• Reach too short (needs 1cm increase in stem length)
• Handlebars turned up too high
Just that, huh? That's pretty much all the variables, then. Of these, I know I set my seat higher than recommended by the boffins, and I'd put the handlebars lower than normal when I'd fitted clip-on tri bars for a recent race. But the others… news to me. Bugger!
What real difference does all this make, though? Surely as human beings we're smart enough to adapt ourselves to various different setups – within reason –without any disadvantage. Hell, as a species we can put men on the moon, surely we can cope with a bicycle handlebar stem that's 10mm shorter than optimal without it affecting our performance. Wrong again.
This is Guiseppe's list of visible symptoms made after watching me ride on the turbo:
• Lower and upper back tension
• Shoulder tension
• Tension in the arms (locked elbows)
• Tension in the hand
• Incorrect wrist-to-hand angle
• Pedalling action incorrect with toes pointing down
You might not realize that your wrists are slightly cocked or that your feet point downward at the bottom of the pedal stroke because… well, how often do you watch yourself in a mirror when you're riding? But when an expert tells you that you could be sitting more comfortably, or that your foot is at the wrong angle when you're at the point of maximal power in your pedal stroke, that's when you sit up and listen. "I could be feeling better and getting more power out, you say? Where do I sign up?"
So then Guiseppe goes to work and shifts everything around. The saddle goes backwards, the seatpost goes down, the handlebars spin forwards a touch, the levers move… look, he rearranges everything. Nothing is shifted far – we're talking millimetres here – but it's all moved a bit.
Then I jump back on, pedal some more, and Guiseppe watches intently, weighing things up in his mind. We go through the process a couple more times, making a few smaller corrections, before he stands back, nods his head and declares himself happy with the set up, like an artist finishing off a portrait, pleased with the way it's turned out.
Do I feel less tension in my back? Actually, yes. I was pretty cynical about this whole process, don't forget, but I have to admit that I feel a whole lot more relaxed with less pressure on my back muscles and spine. My arms, which were almost straight before, have more of a bend in the elbow, my wrists are straighter and more comfortable and there's less pressure on the palms of my hands. Plus, I'm certainly not reaching with my feet at the bottom of the pedal stroke now.
Could this be down to a Derren Brown-like power of suggestion? "You're feeling more comfortable now, aren't you, sir?" Um, yeah, I guess I am. The answer is that no, that's not the case. I've felt better on my bike in the weeks since the bike fit. Those improvements I noticed on day have continued. And check out the two videos. In the first one, before the bike fit, I look tight and tense. In the second one I look more relaxed and my pedal stroke is more fluid. The differences are subtle, admittedly, but they're certainly there.
Only then does Guiseppe check my body angles: the angle in my knee and the position of my knee in relation to the pedal at various points of the stroke, the angle of my body, arms… everything you can think of.
He taps it into the computer and it's all within the bands that the bike fitting software wants. In other words, the computer program confirms that the setup Guiseppe has made using just his experience is spot on. So he gets out his tape and measures everything because this is the template that Viner are going to use to build the Maxima RS.
We'll tell you all about the bike when it comes through – it's a five-week process. We can't wait. In the meantime, you can find out all about Viner bikes at www.viner.it. If you'd like to arrange a bike fitting from Velo Solutions go to www.velosolutions.eu, if you'd like to sort something with Le Beau Velo go to www.lebeauvelo.co.uk, email email@example.com, or call Mal on 020 3239 2311.
Mat has been in cycling media since 1996, on titles including BikeRadar, Total Bike, Total Mountain Bike, What Mountain Bike and Mountain Biking UK, and he has been editor of 220 Triathlon and Cycling Plus. Mat has been road.cc technical editor for over a decade, testing bikes, fettling the latest kit, and trying out the most up-to-the-minute clothing. We send him off around the world to get all the news from launches and shows too. He has won his category in Ironman UK 70.3 and finished on the podium in both marathons he has run. Mat is a Cambridge graduate who did a post-grad in magazine journalism, and he is a winner of the Cycling Media Award for Specialist Online Writer. Now pushing 50, he's riding road and gravel bikes most days for fun and fitness rather than training for competitions.
6 comments
Guiseppe's opening words were translated as 'I don't know how anyone can ride in this position', and that was before I got on my bike. (I've been riding in, more or less, this position for 15 years).
Now I thought I needed some small adjustments - wrong. A complete rethink more like; much lower saddle, saddle moved back, longer stem, handlebars turned down, controls moved up.
After tuning and then fine tuning my new position on the jig my bike was transformed into something they considered rideable.
The eureka moment for me came when Guiseppe told me, for about the twentith time, to move my hands from the drops to the hoods and I didn't even realise I was cycling in the drops!
I've always wondered how the pros spend all day in the drops, when most riders you see out and about are on the hoods. I thought they were just more flexible; I think the truth is their bikes fit them as opposed to them trying to fit their bikes.
So it was over and Guiseppe said (in english) 'You are a cyclist'; I was made up.
A fantastic experience I cannot recommend highly enough.
My custom Maxima is underway in Italy, these guys, Peter and Brian (Viner) are experts and Guiseppe is a legend.
Hi All
Giuseppe here from VeloSolutions, please note I have not worked from Le Beau Velo for over 5 years now. I have been contacted by many customers who have attended Le Beau Velo for a fitting since I left, customers who thought they were going to be fitted by myself to same standards as when VeloSolutions was working from Le Beau Velo.
When I controlled the fitting of these riders at my new studio at Artisan Cycles I found they have all been incorrectly fitted. It appears to me Le Beau Velo is trying to live off the back of my professional reputation and is offering anything but a professional bike fitting service.


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$3.62 $6.04
Mini printable "we tied the knot so take a shot" favour label tags - 50 printable tags on a page. 'Sweet Bomb'.
Print on some lovely card and trim out.
Size: 0.75"x2" each
*This listing is for the "we tied the knot so take a shot" printable favour tags PDF file, for other items see the links below.
2 document sizes available to download:
U.S Letter size: 8.5 x 11 inches
A4 size (for UK, Europe, Australia and New Zealand)
• After purchasing the listing, instantly download the PDF file.
• Use the document size corresponding to the paper size you use.
• Print on some lovely card and trim! Punch out the holes.
'Sweet Bomb' COORDINATING ITEMS:
Favor tags:
"eat me!"
"drink me!"
More items...Message me!
A printer.
• 8.5x11 page size - 50 ' "we tied the knot so take a shot"favour tags per page, 0.75x2 inch each
• A4 page size - 50 "we tied the knot so take a shot" favour tags per page, 0.75x2 inch each
© Connie & Joan 2014 to present day
Payment is due at time of purchase.
Your files will be available to download once payment is confirmed.
Just contact me within: 7 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 30 days of delivery
But please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
Because of the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged or defective, I can't accept returns for:
Printables: As these products are digital printable files and as such it is impossible to tell if they have been printed or not, no refunds will be given. However, I will do everything possible to ensure that you are 100% happy with your printable purchase! Message me if you have any issues :)
Message me if you would like to place a large order and we'll work out a discount for you :)
All instant downloads are INSTANT! Just follow the links to download your files and you can start working on them straight away!
For custom made templates, I can usually email you proofs within 48-72 hours - often much before!
Yes, absolutely. These files are compatible with computers and Macs. You will just need to have the relevant program installed on your computer/Mac (see item's description) like Word, Pages, or Acrobat. Free trial versions of Word are available, from the Microsoft website, if needed.
Yes, on Word document templates or editable PDFs, font size & colour can be changed. You can delete words and add words.
It's a good idea to print a draft before printing in batch, as colours often look different on computer monitors or tablet screens to how they print.
For listings that have 'shape' headings, those headings cannot be re-typed as they are part of the design, but you can change their colours, position and size. These 'shape' headings will be clearly indicated in the item's description.
Please read all of the listing details for further clarification. :)
Yes, just follow the instructions and links provided in the instruction file to download and then install the fonts. You will need to close and reopen Word/Pages after installation so that the files display correctly.
If you'd rather use a different font, install the ones I've used first, and then you can change it to any other font installed on your computer or Mac.
Yes, most definitely. The quality of most home printers is excellent. Printing at home is quick, easy, low cost, and allows you to play around with colours and wording (making sure you're happy) before you decide to print many copies.
I would recommend using a lightweight card - for example 80lbs to 100lbs, or about 200gsm. Choose a card of a light colour, nothing too dark that the designs don't show up.
It's a good idea to check with your printer's manual for maximum weight/thickness but most printers will print on the weights mentioned above.
You can easily cut them to size using a hobby/craft knife (X-Acto for example) and a metal or steel ruler - just follow the cutting guides on the templates. If you already have a guillotine, even better!
It's also a good idea to cut on a surface that doesn't mind a few cuts! Once you get going, you'll be surprised how quick it is.
Yes, you can take/email the files to your local or online copy or print shop. Check the format of the files they require and if they ask for PDFs and your template is a Word document, you can easily save this file as a PDF - simply go to 'File', 'Save As', then choose PDF from the options available under 'Format' or 'Type'.
Certainly :) I'm always happy to help. Please send me a message and I'll get back to you within 48-72 hours (often much before).
After purchase, you may print as many times as you wish, either for personal use or to give away as a gift. The digital file or printed version may not be shared, redistributed or sold. By purchasing the templates, you agree that the files are for personal use only.


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Actress Paltrow and Martin separate
Gwyneth Paltrow and Coldplay singer Chris Martin have announced that they are splitting up "with hearts full of sadness" after trying for more than a year to save their marriage.
The pair revealed on Tuesday night the end of their 10-year marriage - which they termed "conscious uncoupling" - after ongoing rumours that there were divisions in their relationship.
They said in a joint statement posted online that they had been trying to work through their problems both together and individually. But the couple - who have two children - added: "We have come to the conclusion that, while we love each other very much, we will remain separate."
Hollywood star Gwyneth and singer Chris - who met when she was already a major star and Coldplay were still making a name for themselves on the world stage - have always tried to shun publicity about their relationship.
They were rarely pictured together in public and he was reluctant to acknowledge in interviews that he was married to an Oscar-winning actress. If they did venture out together, they would shy away from cameras.
The couple, who married in December 2003, have two children together - daughter Apple, nine, and seven-year-old son Moses. For many years they were based in London, where the children went to school, but then uprooted to Los Angeles last year, although they had talked about returning.
In a statement posted on Iron Man star Gwyneth's Goop.com website under the headline "Conscious uncoupling", the 41-year-old actress and Chris, 37, said: "We have been working hard for well over a year, some of it together, some of it separated, to see what might have been possible between us, and we have come to the conclusion that, while we love each other very much, we will remain separate.
"We are, however, and always will be a family, and in many ways we are closer than we have ever been.
"We are parents first and foremost, to two incredibly wonderful children and we ask for their and our space and privacy to be respected at this difficult time.
"We have always conducted our relationship privately, and we hope that as we consciously uncouple and co-parent, we will be able to continue in the same manner."
Their statement also featured an Instagram-style picture of the couple dressed smartly but sitting on a lawn. Beneath it is a lengthy article about "a new way of being in relationships", written by a regular contributor to Gwyneth's lifestyle website, together with a homeopathic children's dentist.
It says: "The idea of being married to one person for life is too much pressure for anyone."
The post - signed by "Gwyneth and Chris" - was enough to crash the site as visitors attempted to view it.
Despite their reluctance to appear together, they did accompany each other at some public events earlier this year - the Golden Globes in Beverly Hills and the Help Haiti Home gala.
Gwyneth, who won an Oscar in 1998 for her role in Shakespeare In Love, has continued to maintain her film career with appearances in three Iron Man movies in addition to holding down her family life and running her website.
Chris is just about to enter another busy stage of his career with the release of Coldplay's sixth album, Ghost Stories, in May, and there will be expectations of a tour to promote the new songs. The band have already given the tracks a live airing, at the SX
PA Media