text:
glos-sa-ry [glos-uh-ree, glaw-suh-]
A regenerated fibre, which, curiously, has its origins in wood pulp. It is often used for linings, accessories, or as a strong and highly polished plastic for sunglasses.
Acetate Satin
This is a slinky smooth fabric made from acetate, (originally from wood pulp, interestingly enough) then woven with a glossy face and a dull back. It�s mainly used as a lining.
Akoya Shell Button
A natural shell button made from Akoya shell. Akoya shell buttons have a pearly finish, giving a bit of shimmer to any garment they adorn.
Appliqué refers a needlework technique in which pieces of fabric, embroidery, or other materials are sewn onto another piece of fabric to create designs. Name comes from the French meaning applied, or fastened to.
Bias Cut
A method of cutting cloth diagonally across the weave. This effectively increases the stretch in a fabric allowing more drape on the body for a flattering fit. You often see it in silky dresses, which benefit from the extra movement.
Buggy (as in "jersey back buggy")
This is a half lining in a jacket. Usually the front is lined to the hem and the back is just half lined from the top, so the back lining hangs loose and there is no lining AT ALL at the bottom half of the back of the jacket. This makes the jacket cooler to wear. Clever, eh?
Bonded Cotton
This is a tough fabric made from two layers of cotton fabric bonded together, for extra durability.
Boucle knit buttons
The word Boucle derives from the French word boucler which means to curl.
Boucle knit is created by loosely twisting different yarns together, to create an attractive curly surface which is perfect for dolling up buttons.
Bell shaped cuffs/sleeves
This is a striking sleeve shape, which balloons out slightly above the cuff. The extra width is gathered into the cuff creating a "bell" shape. Hence the name.
(Full name is broderie anglaise from the French meaning English Embroidery, as the technique arose in 19th century Britain). Broderie Anglaise is characterized by patterns composed of small holes or eyelets bound with overcast or buttonhole stitches. Traditionally broderie anglaise would have been white embroidery on a white cloth, however, we have given it a Boden twist by offering summer brights
Named after a Frenchman called Baptiste of Cambrai, Cambric is a light-weight, plain weave fabric - usually cotton. Its uses are as diverse as an ingredient of lace, and an ingredient of playing cards
A luxuriously soft wool from the undercoat of the Kashmir goat. Who would have thought that something as desirable and opulent as Cashmere should come from a goat?
Chalcedony stones
A precious stone part of the quartz family, composed of very fine crystals, and varies from transparent to translucent.
A plain weave fabric with different coloured warp (horizontal) and weft (vertical) yarns, which creates a two-tone appearance.
Coconut Button
A natural shell button made from the shell of a coconut (but without all of the hair). Has a lovely chunky wood appearance, and is decidedly inedible.
This is a natural product made from a Cork Oak Tree, which has a solid but ever so slightly bouncy feel to it. A distant cousin of the plug you pop in a wine bottle but processed to suit the important role of sitting beneath your feet.
Corozo nut buttons
Corozo is a natural wood from the nut of a palm tree. It's often used for large, feature buttons on outerwear and knitwear, and has an attractive chunky wood appearance.
Cotton Poplin
This is a cotton, which is often used for shirts. It was immortalised in the novel Little Women when sisters Meg and Jo bemoaned having to wear poplin, rather than silk, to a town ball. However, nowadays it is regarded as a fine quality fabric, particularly in 100% cotton like ours. It is also easy to care for and wash.
Cotton Ottoman
A cotton weave which gives a slight ribbed appearance to the surface texture. Often a nice, thick, smart looking cotton- ideal for crisp trousers (and the occasional curtain).
Cotton Textured Canvas
A medium weight, plain weave cotton fabric. The texture is created by using yarns of different thickness within the weave. It does exactly what it says on the tin…
Cotton Voile
A lightweight cotton weave giving a soft, laundered appearance, primarily used in summery clothes and those rather whispy, fluttery curtains you get in hot countries and interiors magazines.
Dobby weave
The technique of weaving small repetitive patterns into a fabric to give an interesting texture. Not to be confused with any kind of textiles activity from Harry Potter's young friend.
An off-white neutral colour, which is a touch more wearable and forgiving than stark white. The word comes from the French word �cru, which means 'raw' or 'unbleached, explaining its natural hue.
Elastane (Spandex) is a manmade stretchy fibre which can be knitted or woven into fabric for comfort, support or to help garments keep their shape. Lycra® is a brand of Elastane (much like Hoover is a name for a vacuum cleaner which comes from the major brand) from Invista, formally DuPont, the clever people who invented it.
Elastomultiester stretch denim
While this sounds like something the Terminator might wear, it is actually a fairly widely used denim. Elastomultiester is a polyester fibre that has been added to denim to give it comfortable stretch and lasting shape recovery… no bagging at the knees and bums… and the use of an impressively long word to give the appearance of a wide vocabulary.
Embossed Leather
This is leather, but not as we know it, with a decorative design pressed onto the surface. A heated press is held against the leather with great pressure and the result can be anything from interesting textures or circle designs, to crocodile and snake skin effects.
Empire seam
'Whose empire?' you ask. French designers celebrating the new political freedom of Napoleon�s First French Empire created this style by looking back to days of the Greek Republic when women wore loose fitting tunics belted under the bust. The result is flattering and comfortable fit which flares out from under the bust.
Fluted sleeve
This is the description given to a sleeve that has a slight fullness to the opening. This would give the appearance of gentle ruffles. This sleeve should be a flattering shape for any arm. Well, of the human variety at any rate. We can't make any promises to gorillas, pandas etc.
Fly front
This is a design feature on a garment where the front fastening is cunningly concealed by an outer layer of fabric. It looks similar to the construction of the fly area on a pair of trousers (rather than the fly in your soup).


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With all the acclaim heaped on cities like New Orleans and Memphis, people tend to forget that there's another musical mecca located along the muddy Mississippi River. St. Louis, Missouri has long hosted the sort of blues and R&B scene that would turn other cities green with envy, and any metropolis that can boast of homegrown talent like Chuck Berry, Fontella Bass, and Lonnie Johnson as well as transplants like Albert King, Miles Davis, Ike Turner, and Henry Townsend, among many others, certainly has quite a bit to brag about...
Jim Byrnes may be known as a Canadian musical treasure these days, but the award-winning blues singer and actor was born and grew up in St. Louis, and credits the music he grew up around as a major influence, Byrnes' love of blues and R&B formed by witnessing giants like Bobby "Blue" Bland and Jimmy Reed perform in the prime of their careers. Although Byrnes has frequently offered a nod to his hometown's musical influences on his albums, St. Louis Times is the first full-length collection to honor the music and musicians that had a profound impact on Byrnes as a youth. With four new original songs co-written by Byrnes and producer/guitarist Steve Dawson, and a brace of cover tunes by noted St. Louis artists, St. Louis Times provides a heartfelt tribute to the city and its rich musical heritage.
Jim Byrnes' St. Louis Times
One of St. Louis' most acclaimed musical residents, guitarist Albert King, is honored with an energetic reading of "I Get Evil," a 1962 single that pre-dated King's Stax Records tenure. Byrnes brings a swinging tenor to the lyrics, his voice brimming over with questions, while Dawson's guitar swoops and soars throughout the mix while guest star John Hammond's lively harp playing punctuates the entire performance. It's a strong, entertaining song that leads naturally into the Byrnes/Dawson original "Somebody Lied." Hammond's squealing harp perfectly underlines Byrnes' silk-sandpaper vocals, Dawson's stinging fretwork adding to the emotion of the song which, itself, is penned as an old-school R&B styled heartbreaker with a languid groove and soulful vibe that would have been as perfectly comfortable in 1954 as it is in 2014.
The musical playbook of St. Louis native Chuck Berry is wide and deep enough to present a difficult choice of cover songs, but Byrnes drives right past the obvious hits to take on "Nadine," one of several Berry singles from 1964, but not one of his better-known tunes. Byrnes and Dawson slow the tempo, add a bit of Darryl Havers' funky Wurlitzer organ alongside Dawson's Southern-fried chicken pickin', and cut Byrnes loose to deliver a smooth, nuanced vocal take that captures all of Berry's frenetic energy in a strong, but subdued performance that serves to highlight Berry's songwriting skills. The 1965 Fontella Bass hit "You'll Miss Me (When I'm Gone)" features an engaging duet between Byrnes and Canadian singer Colleen Rennison, the song's R&B roots upheld by an energetic horn line and the playful mix of Byrnes' gruff vocals and Rennison's sweeter, soulful tones.
The Duck's Yas Yas Yas
Byrnes and Hammond share vocals on the late 1920s hit "The Duck'sYas Yas Yas," written and performed by St. Louis boogie-blues pianist James "Stump" Johnson. The popular hokum tune was a jazz-blues vamp full of double-entendre lyrics, and in the reverent hands of Byrnes and Hammond, it retains all of its bawdy spirit. With Dawson's fleet-fingered guitar and a brace of period-perfect horns courtesy of clarinetist Jim Hoke, trombonist Bill Huber, and trumpeter Steve Herrman, the two singers have a grand old time with the lyrics. Byrnes' original "The Journey Home" is a provocative spoken-word piece that evokes memories of the singer's childhood in the city, his breathless vocals sharply underlined by Dawson's haunting guitar lines.
"The Journey Home" leads nicely into W.C. Handy's "St. Louis Blues," the 1914 composition widely considered one of the first blues hits. Byrnes and crew play it high and tight, with Dawson's National steel and Larry Paxton's bleating Sousaphone riding high in the mix alongside Byrnes' raucous vocals. The song's jazz heritage is evident, its blues influence not quite as much, but the singer manages to find common ground between the two complimentary styles. Guitarist Colin James lends a little filigree acoustic guitar alongside Dawson's funky slide playing on the early Little Milton side "That Will Never Do," Havers' piano tinkling away in the background behind Byrnes' hearty, nuanced vocals. St. Louis Times closes with a cover of the great Lonnie Johnson's "Another Night To Cry," with Byrnes adding some nice guitar playing alongside Dawson's slide and Herrman's mournful trumpet serving as a fine counterpoint to Byrnes' emotional vocals, the band perfectly capturing the jazzy late-night vibe of the original.
The Reverend's Bottom Line
Byrnes has proven time and time again to be a skilled interpreter of vintage material, whether it be straight blues, jazz, or even country classics, they all benefit from his intelligent and insightful readings. With St. Louis Times, however, taking on a project that is obviously a true labor of love, Byrnes delivers in spades, applying his warm, deep vocals to a wide range of material, perfectly matching the originals to the spirit of the cover songs while Steve Dawson amps up his game with both inspired fretwork and light-fingered production that captures the spirit and the subtlety of the material. St. Louis Times is a joy to listen to, Byrnes paying tribute to his hometown's musical heritage as well as his own with a set that displays a wealth of heart and soul. (Black Hen Music, released April 15, 2014)

subset: commoncrawl


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How well do you know the Code? Think you can spot violations the original installer either ignored or couldn't identify? Here's your chance to moonlight as an electrical inspector and second-guess someone else's work from the safety of your living room or office. It's your turn to identify the violation.
Hint: Orange crush
Find the Answer
This photo shows where someone thought it would be okay to attach orange communication raceway (orange ENT) to a group of previously existing raceways with cable ties — in a school cafeteria, no less!
According to 800.24, communications circuits and equipment need to be "installed in a neat and workmanlike manner." Based on the uneven look of this ENT, that's definitely debatable here. This section of the Code also requires the installation to conform to 300.4(D) and 300.11.
Section 300.11(A)requires raceways to be "securely fastened in place." The ENT may be secure, but according to 300.11(B), "raceways shall be used only as a means of support for other raceways, cables, or nonelectrical equipment where the raceway or means of support is identified for the purpose, or where the raceway contains power supply conductors for electrically controlled equipment and is used to support Class 2 circuits that are solely for the purpose of connection to the equipment control circuits, or where the raceway is used to support boxes or luminaires." The existing EMT is not designed to support other raceways.


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State police ripped for no alert on sex offender escape
March 18, 2011
Boston Herald, by O'Ryan Johnson and Laurel Sweet
Women and children's advocates are outraged that it took state police five days to warn the public that a Level 3 sex offender the police considered a "serial rapist" and a "sexually violent predator" was on the loose.
"Given this person's history, with the warning signs that he is going to re-offend, of cutting off his bracelet, we are surprised that it took five days for the public to be alerted so that they could help in the capture of this man," said Toni Troop of Jane Doe Inc.
Brian M. Addeo, 32, a repeat sex offender, was on lifetime parole when he sliced off the GPS-monitoring bracelet Friday in a Home Depot parking lot in Tewksbury and fled. He was captured Wednesday night in Maine after five days on the run. State police only announced he had run less than an hour before announcing he had been caught.
State police spokesman David Procopio said troopers notified the public as soon as they saw fit, adding that troopers worked around the clock hunting Addeo. He said there is no evidence that Addeo re-offended while he was on the run.
"We stated that he's a danger to the public, which is why we had our unit working around the clock, chasing down associates and family members and employing other investigative means that we don't usually disclose," he said.
Maureen Flatley, spokeswoman for Protect Massachusetts Children, a group that pushes for tougher prison sentences for sex offenders, said, "When someone like this is loose in the community, it is imperative that the information is shared with the community." She added, "The bigger question is, why are we letting these guys out of jail? It doesn't look like a bracelet is going to get the job done."
Addeo was convicted of child rape in 2002. He later pleaded guilty in April 2010 to aggravated rape, indecent assault and battery on a person aged 14 or older and indecent assault and battery on a child under 14. His victims — a mentally challenged adult woman and a teenager — were reluctant to testify at his trial, said Worcester District Attorney spokesman Tim Connolly, prompting the plea deal. Addeo was sentenced to 11 concurrent terms of six years, but because he'd been awaiting trial behind bars since 2004, he was credited with time served.
In addition to Addeo's guilty plea, Connolly said prosecutors were able to have him placed on a lifetime of supervised parole on a GPS bracelet.
© Copyright by the Boston Herald and Herald Media.


text:
Calendar |
Abraham Lincoln Tourism Bureau of
Logan County
At the
movies with Abe and Oscar
Film experts, including Chicago Tribune critic, to discuss 'Lincoln'
Send a link to a friend
[January 05, 2013]
SPRINGFIELD -- History buffs and movie buffs can join forces next
week when the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum hosts
a special film discussion on the day Academy Award nominations are
The event features Chicago Tribune film critic Michael Phillips
and DePaul University art professor Mark Pohlad, an expert on
Lincoln images. They'll discuss the movie "Lincoln," the challenges
of mixing fact with fiction, and the most interesting films of 2012.
The "Abe and Oscar" special event takes place at 7 p.m. Thursday
at the museum's Union Theater. It's free, but reservations should be
made by calling 217-558-8934.
Audience members will have the chance to ask questions and submit
their own Oscar ballots for a chance to win a $50 gift card and four
free admissions to the Lincoln Presidential Museum.
It promises to be a lively discussion. "Lincoln" could snag
nominations for best picture, best director, best actor and more,
and the movie raises questions about the value of "edu-tainment" and
whether Hollywood minimizes the role of minorities in historic
[to top of second column]
Phillips, the Tribune's lead film critic since 2006, was a
frequent guest host on "At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper." He was a
permanent host in the show's final season. Before becoming the
Tribune's film critic, Phillips covered film and theater for
newspapers such as the Los Angeles Times and the St. Paul Pioneer
Pohlad specializes in the history of art and architecture. He has
developed an expertise on Lincoln, particularly Lincoln photography.
He has written about Lincoln-related poetry and is working on a
book-length study of Chicago portraitists of Lincoln.
For more information about programs and exhibits at the Abraham
Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, visit
[Text from
Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
file received from the
Illinois Historic
Preservation Agency]
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& Fitness | Teen
to the Editor


text:
Since 1995, Florida Gardening readers have found the information they need to truly enjoy gardening in this unique state. Each issue concentrates on Florida's plants, diverse growing regions, soil conditions, and garden solutions. Whether you grow flowers, fruit, vegetables, native plants, or even Florida's most exotic tropicals, Florida Gardening offers both the inspiration and information you need to succeed.
Previous Issue
Check out a sample of Florida Gardening Magazine.
Growing Better Q & A
For helpful tips and more.
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Read up on our featured plant of the month.
Associations, Gardens and Vendors
Every issue of Florida Gardening Magazine offers:
Calendar of Events - Find a garden show or plant sale near you.
Region Reports - Customized for north, central, or south Florida, our region report tells you what to do and when to do it.
Garden Profile - Every issue spotlights a special place worth visiting.
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text: Artis Indonesia Seksi high blood pressure or hypertension has become a disease that is common to many people today, especially for those living in urban areas. High blood pressure or hypertension is one factor causes of stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure. And the worst excesses of this disease is death. Therefore, we should be able to prevent hypertension disease, the disease must be prevented. If you have high blood pressure, you can control this disease.


text:
IRVING, Texas - Sept. 4, 2013 - Electrical insulation: A new standard focusing on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) conduit has been published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
The "Standard Practice for Solid Wall High-Density Polyethylene Conduit for Non-Pressure Applications Used for the Protection of Power and Telecommunications Cables" covers material, dimensional, workmanship and performance requirements. Known as AASHTO "Standard Practice R 63", it provides guidance in the specification of HDPE conduit used in buried applications for the protection of power and communications cables. Communication applications include ITS (Intelligent Highway Systems), CCTV (Closed Circuit TV), and fiber optic cables along highway rights of way. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) applications included pipeline control, Positive Train Control Technology, and Traffic Control and Monitoring. Highway and airport lighting, electrical distribution and transmission lines are some of the power applications.
"This document by the AASHTO Materials Sub Committee 4b makes it possible to standardize on material specifications and insure compliance with other standards governing electrical and fiber optic cable systems," stated Tony Radoszewski, executive director of the Plastics Pipe Institute, Inc. (PPI). "The PPI Conduit Division worked closely with AASHTO materials engineers to optimize specifications and requirements for HDPE conduit which protects the nation's power grid and information highway."
The standard identifies typical installation methods that include trenching, plowing and Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD). Detailed design information on installation can be found in the PPI "Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe" and other Technical Notes (TN) located on the PPI website, http://plasticpipe.org/index.html.
The AASHTO document explains that HDPE conduit is a protective pathway for telecommunications and power cables used throughout the infrastructure. The inherent properties of HDPE such as chemical resistance and stress crack resistance are well-suited for infrastructure systems since these require long service life. Because of HDPE coilable conduit's long lengths, flexibility, and tensile strength, it is ideally suited for HDD and plowing installation methodologies that have minimal impact on traffic and the surrounding infrastructure. HDPE conduit is also available in 20- to 40- foot length 'sticks' in larger diameters above six inches for installations requiring multiple pathways (innerducts) to run through one service pathway.
Participating members from the PPI Conduit Committee included Jennifer Marin of Endot Industries, Inc.; Sarah Patterson, who was then with Dow Chemical and is now PPI's technical director; Tom Stewart of the Dura-Line Corporation; George Zagorski, Blue Diamond Industries; and PPI's Tony Radoszewski along with industry consultant Jim Goddard, and Bill Bailey of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VADOT) and also chairman of the AASHTO Technical Section on Flexible Pipe. PPI is the major trade association representing all segments of the plastic pipe industry.
"I would personally like to thank Bill Bailey from VADOT for recognizing the need for this standard practice and allowing us to participate in its development." said Radoszewski. "We were also fortunate to have Jim Goddard as an advisor. His long experience with AASHTO standards on large diameter corrugated pipe for storm water management systems was invaluable."
"This document was the first step in adapting requirements for HDPE conduit that were originally based on the properties of PVC conduit," he explained. "Our members volunteered their time to determine the proper communications channels, assemble the facts and protocols and present the findings to the AASHTO Materials Sub Committee 4b. This project exemplifies the collaborative nature of the PPI to benefit the industry, communities and citizens by making available proven and effective products which have been vetted by well-respected organizations such as AASHTO."
For more information about AASHTO or other products, click here to go to Utility Products' Buyers Guide.


text:
Speaker's Videos:
Chief Knowledge Officer at Cisco
Jeanne Beliveau-Dunn is Vice President and General Manager for Learning@Cisco, Technical Services (TS) Strategy and Operations. Beliveau-Dunn oversees business planning and the strategic portfolio for TS, which generates over 25 percent of Cisco's revenue, including end-to-end governance across Technical Services, Cisco Services, and Cisco leadership. Learning@Cisco focuses on innovative techniques to recruit, train, and evolve talent to meet the fast-growing needs of Cisco, its customers, and partners. The broad Learning@Cisco portfolio includes consulting, education, and certifications, as well as social networks and knowledge systems that are green, mobile, and global. Learning@Cisco award-winning capabilities help close the global networking skills talent gap, while accelerating productivity, opportunity, and growth for Cisco and its customers. Beliveau-Dunn is responsible for Learning@Cisco profit and loss, product and service development and delivery, operations, marketing, the technical community, and support.
Beliveau-Dunn is a 17-year Cisco veteran and has been in the industry for over 25 years. Her first role at Cisco was overseeing the Cisco channels sales team for global markets. Beliveau-Dunn then created the Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG), a consulting team working with Cisco's largest customers around the globe, establishing this team as an innovation agent.


text:
Maternity Wrap Front Side Tie Dress
Maternity Wrap Front Side Tie Dress
Style NotesStylish and effortless—wrap dresses are the perfect party piece. Embrace the look with our wide selection, including everything from pretty florals, statement details, sultry silhouettes, metallic finishes and more. Or take it to daytime with maxi lengths and chic prints
Details & Care95% Viscose 5% Elastane. Flat Measurement Not Worn Of Size 10. Total top length: 73cm/29". Machine Wash. Model Wears UK Size 10.
Delivery info
Delivery option Delivery times Delivery cost Republic of Ireland Super Saver Delivery Up to 7 working Days €4.99 per order Republic of Ireland Standard Delivery Up to 3 working Days €5.99 per order Republic of Ireland Next Day Delivery Next Working Day delivery if ordered by 1pm Monday to Friday or for Dublin County order by midnight Monday to Thursday, 8pm Friday Find out more. €6.99 per order
Click here for further information.
Returns info
We hope you are satisfied with all of your purchases but if you ever need to return an item, you can do so within 14 days from the date your parcel was delivered.
Please note, we cannot offer refunds on cosmetics and pierced jewellery or on swimwear and lingerie if the hygiene seal is not in place or has been broken.
boohoo ROI returns are FREE and easy and can now be made via our customers local Parcel Connect store.
Follow the steps below:
1. Click here to generate and print off your returns label and to find your nearest store.
2. Re-pack the item in its original packaging with labels and tags still attached.
3. Securely attach the Parcel Connect label to your parcel covering the original delivery label.
4. Take your parcel to your local Parcel Connect store, where you'll receive proof of postage. Keep your certificate of postage safe as you will need this as your proof of return.
Click here to view our full Returns Policy.


text:
I am wondering if there are any other homeschool families with a similar issue. I was married to a man years ago who was abusive and dangerous. I removed myself and our child from the situation with the end result being divorce and full legal custody being awarded to me. He has no legal rights to our child. This was 8 years ago, and he has been stalking us since then. Again, I should reiterate that this is a very dangerous person who has thus far avoided prosecution for various crimes in several states. Last winter he learned where we were living. A state agency gave him this information, despite the fact it was supposed to be "confidential", even being told of the danger he possessed to us. We moved halfway across the country and now are safe again. Homeschool laws in my new state, Nebraska, require notification, copies of birth certificate, and permission from both parents. Though I am aware they sometimes waive that last requirement, there is no law allowing it so a state official could change his mind at any time-or even attempt to contact my ex without permission. Obeying the laws would put my child and myself at risk, yet not doing so puts us at risk from social services.
Has anyone else struggled with this, or know someone who has? Or maybe has some ideas?
Domestic Violence and homeschooling
Find or post information on the legal aspects of homeschooling in your state.
Moderators: Theodore, elliemaejune
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If you have full custody and he has no parental rights then I would think that he wouldn't need to fill anything out. What would happen if you didn't know who the father was, then what would the state do? I would start by talking to whom ever is over this kind of info and let them know that the father is not in the picture and has lost all parental rights. You might even explain a little of the situation if you feel it necessary, especially if you think it might help in getting around the Birth Cert. thing. I wouldn't start getting to worried until you have talked with the appropriate people and exhausted all other options. Check out this article it was supposed to have happened in NE.
Good Luck!
Good Luck!
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text:
fordoctors Headline Animator
Breast Cancer and Lymphedema: Risk Greatly Increased With Added Boost of Radiation to Axillary Nodes
Breast Cancer and Lymphedema: Risk Greatly Increased With Added Boost of Radiation to Axillary Nodes
Risk vs. Benefit; Lymphedema Risk Greatly Increased With Added Boost of Radiation to Axillary Nodes After LumpectomyPHILADELPHIA -The significant risk of developing lymphedema may outweigh the benefit of receiving an extra boost of radiation to lymph nodes possibly involved in early-stage breast cancer. That is the conclusion of a study presented today at the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology in Philadelphia.Lymphedema is an uncomfortable swelling of a limb caused by a build-up of lymphatic fluid. This occurs when the lymph vessels are damaged and/or nodes are removed. The disruption of lymphatic flow prevents the proper drainage, causing a back-up of fluid. About 15-20% of women with breast cancer who have lymph nodes removed during surgery will develop lymphedema."We know radiation can increase one's risk of developing lymphedema, so it's important to determine whether the radiation technique or dose contributes," explained Shelly B. Hayes, M.D., a resident in the radiation oncology department at Fox Chase Cancer Center and lead author of the new study.Standard therapy for women with early-stage breast cancer calls for radiation following a lumpectomy. The radiation field includes the whole affected breast and some of the lymph nodes under the arm, called the axillary lymph nodes.Doctors may also irradiate the lymph nodes found in the upper axilla and above the clavicle (collar bone), depending on the number of nodes removed and the number that test positive for cancerous cells). Sometimes, an additional dose or "boost" of radiation is added to the axillary region."The reason we irradiate the lymph node regions is to prevent recurrence of disease in those locations," Hayes said. "When an aggressive lymph-node dissection is performed, the utility of additional radiation is questionable. This is the subject of some debate."Hayes' study consisted of 2,581 women with early-stage breast cancer treated at Fox Chase Cancer Center with lumpectomy, axillary-node dissection and radiation between 1970 and 2005. A total of 2,174 patients (84%) were treated with radiation to the breast alone, 221patients (8.6%) were treated to the breast and supraclavicular lymph nodes (those above the collar bone) while 184 patients (7.1%) received an additional boost of radiation to the axillary nodes. The median follow-up was 81 months."The most striking result we found involved women who had more than four positive lymph nodes," explained Hayes. "They were four times more likely to develop lymphedema when treated with a boost, despite similar risks of nodal recurrences."Given the increased risk of lymphedema and the lack of evidence supporting improvements in nodal recurrences from the boost, we should carefully consider these results before deliveringa boost to our patients," Hayes concluded
التسميات: Cancer breast


text:
Well, this is my 2nd attempt at writing this post because an error happened the 1st time, so grrr...makes me mad...oh well...Here goes...
Many of you know I am working on a Battletech game, very similar to that of Mechwarrior.
Lately, however, I have come upon a severe bottleneck in my game, and having tried everything I know of, am unable to fix it. Hence I have conducted a series of tests in order to gather data and then present it before you to see if you can give me any help with my problem I have here.
Here is the basics of the problem: I have my terrain engine. It ran run in two modes: textured and non-textured. When I run it with no textures, I get a frame rate of about 30 fps. When I run it with textures applied, my frame rate drops to about 7 fps.
Now, to explain the problem further in depth, I will give you some background about my engine:
I have a "map" which is composed of the terrain that all the units move on, obviously.
The map is composed of a unit which I call a "hex" (short for hexagon...each piece of the map is a hexagon). The plural is "hexes." So when you see me say hex in this post, I mean a spot on the map, NOT hexidecimal.
The map is a matrix of hexes. The size is specified by the programmer and the data for the map is loaded in from a file. Right now I am running a map of 30x20 hexes.
I have 3 textures loaded into memory right now. One is called GRASS, one is called HILL, and one is called WATER. When I load in the height map, textures are automatically applied to each hex.
All hexes with a height less than or equal to 0 receive a water texture. All hexes with a height between 0 and 2 (non-inclusive) receive a grass texture, and all hexes with a height of 2 or greater receive a hill texture.
The programmer can choose whether to actually use the textures or not, but nevertheless, each hex is assigned its texture, and the textures are loaded into memory.
Each texture is a 64x64 pixel 24-bit bitmap.
That is basically all the info on how I store my map in memory. Now I will show you some code...
Before you jump to any conclusions, do not tell me to use display lists to boosts my frame rate. I have already tried them.
The following code is my function to initialize OpenGL. Remember that this function is only called once, so it has no factor whatsoever in my frame rate, but it might give some useful information for all of you:
I hope that function is pretty clear and straight forward. If there is any confusion about my code, ask me and I will explain a part of it.Code:void setup_opengl( int width, int height ) { float ratio = (float) width / (float) height; //Texture Mapping Initialization InitTextureNames ( ); LoadGLTextures(); // Texture Loading Routine BuildFont(); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);// Enable Texture Mapping /* Our shading model--Gouraud (smooth). */ glShadeModel( GL_SMOOTH ); /* Set the clear color. */ glClearColor( 0, 0, 0, 0 ); /* Setup our viewport. */ glViewport( 0, 0, width, height ); /* * Change to the projection matrix and set * our viewing volume. */ glMatrixMode( GL_PROJECTION ); glLoadIdentity( ); gluPerspective( 60.0, ratio, 1.0, 1024.0 ); //Create a map of 20x30 hexes of 1 radius each. //Set the base elavation of the map to -1.0 on the y-axis. //Load and apply the height map. //Apply the default terrain colors for when textures are not used. //Enable texture mapping, and create a display lists for the map. myMap = new HEXMAP_DTP( 20, 30, 1.0f ); myMap->SetBase ( 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f ); myMap->LoadHeightMap ( "heightmap.dat" ); myMap->HeightMap( ); myMap->ApplyDefaultTerrainColors(); myMap->EnableTextureMapping ( true ); myMap->CreateHexDisplayLists ( ); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY); }
Here is the next function. This function is my draw function and gets called on every frame:
There are some variables in that function that are global variables and declared elsewhere in my code. Just have confidence that they HAVE been decalared. ;-)Code:static void draw_screen( void ) { GLfloat xtrans = -xpos; GLfloat ztrans = -zpos; movy -= ypos; GLfloat sceneroty = 360.0f - yrot; /* Clear the color and depth buffers. */ glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT ); /* We don't want to modify the projection matrix. */ glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW ); glLoadIdentity( ); glRotatef(sceneroty,0,1.0f,0); glTranslatef(xtrans, movy, ztrans); //Draw the map...obviously. myMap->DrawMap(); //This function is for printing text onto the screen. CyclePrintBuffer ( ); /* * Swap the buffers. This this tells the driver to * render the next frame from the contents of the * back-buffer, and to set all rendering operations * to occur on what was the front-buffer. * * Double buffering prevents nasty visual tearing * from the application drawing on areas of the * screen that are being updated at the same time. */ SDL_GL_SwapBuffers( ); movy += ypos; }
Anyways, I will show you one more function. This is the function where an individual hex is actually drawn onto the screen. Keep in mind that although I am using display lists for the drawing, I have omitted them in this post for the sake that you can see all of the code. This function is called DrawHexTextured(), and is called by the DrawMap() function as the map class draws every hex in the map. The code is identical to the code that draws the map with no-textures, except that this code contains code for textures :-) :
Okay, that should be all code relevant to the problem. If you would like to see any other code, just tell me and I will post it, however I think this should suffice.Code:void HEX_DTP::DrawHexTextured ( ) { //Find out which texture to use if ( level <= 0 ) glBindTexture ( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[WATER] ); else if ( level >= 2 ) glBindTexture ( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[HILL] ); else glBindTexture ( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[GRASS] ); //account for elevation change at center of hex v[1] += level; //radius, x1, z1, and other variables are declared in the class declaration //they are also defined by other functions and by the class constructor //create outer vertexes of hexagon float vertex[6][3] = { { v[0] - radius, v[1] - ElevationMod[0], v[2] }, { v[0] - x1, v[1] - ElevationMod[1], v[2] - z1 }, { v[0] + x1, v[1] - ElevationMod[2], v[2] - z1 }, { v[0] + radius, v[1] - ElevationMod[3], v[2] }, { v[0] + x1, v[1] - ElevationMod[4], v[2] + z1 }, { v[0] - x1, v[1] - ElevationMod[5], v[2] + z1 } }; glBegin ( GL_TRIANGLES ); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( v[0], v[1], v[2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[0][0], vertex[0][1], vertex[0][2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[1][0], vertex[1][1], vertex[1][2] ); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( v[0], v[1], v[2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[1][0], vertex[1][1], vertex[1][2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[2][0], vertex[2][1], vertex[2][2] ); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( v[0], v[1], v[2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[2][0], vertex[2][1], vertex[2][2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[3][0], vertex[3][1], vertex[3][2] ); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( v[0], v[1], v[2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[3][0], vertex[3][1], vertex[3][2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[4][0], vertex[4][1], vertex[4][2] ); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( v[0], v[1], v[2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[4][0], vertex[4][1], vertex[4][2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[5][0], vertex[5][1], vertex[5][2] ); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( v[0], v[1], v[2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[5][0], vertex[5][1], vertex[5][2] ); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f ( vertex[0][0], vertex[0][1], vertex[0][2] ); glEnd ( ); v[1] -= level; }
If you see anything that could be causing my extreme bottleneck, please tell me. I have tried quite a bit to get this thing to go faster, but nothing seems to work.
I just don't understand why 3 small textures alone could be dropping my frame rate from 30 fps to 7 fps.
So any help is appreciated.
If I have left any information out of this post I apologize. Ask and ye shall receive.
I will post you a picture of the UNTEXTURED version of the terrain engine so you can get a feel for what it looks like. Notice the clear distinction between each hexagon on the map. It is supposed to be like that:


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White House Black Market Photo Shoot
Last week, I headed to New York for a collaborative project between Lucky Magazine, White House Black Market and 3 Bloggers (1 of them being me...). The project will be included in the September issue of Lucky Magazine.
The photo to the left was me having my hair and makeup done - they had their work cut out for them. I had just come from our Martha's Vineyard vacation and my skin was a mess - peeling and red!
"Thank You" for including me, I sent the both Lucky Magazine team and the White House Black Market team a box of Black & White cookies... Get it - White House Black Market = Black & White cookies. Pretty creative, I know, but 'hey' who doesn't love a box of cookies!
The decorating method is below. To see how I packaged them in cellophane bags with kraft paper circle labels, click here.
Black & White cookies are a New York classic - they are traditionally made from scoops of leftover cake batter baked like cookies, then glazed with half white and half chocolate icing. In fear of messing up the cake batter version, I made my own versions of cookies with my sugar cookie dough. I hope not too many New Yorkers are offended - my apologies!
I used my Sugar Cookie Recipe and cut the cookies with a scalloped edge 3-inch cutter.
For the "Black" half, I used chocolate ganache mixed with buttercream.
Chocolate Ganache Buttercream
3/4 cup of royal icing recipe
1/4 cup of semi sweet chocolate chips
2 tablespoons of butter
1/2 cup of powdered sugar (more may be needed)
Place chocolate chips in a small bowl with butter on top. Microwave for 30 seconds at a time, stirring in between, until the chocolate is smooth. Add royal icing and powdered sugar. Add as much powdered sugar as needed until the correct consistency (spreadable, but not runny) is achieved.
Make a dam around the edge of half of the cookie. Fill in with icing and smooth with the tip of a knife...
Let the chocolate harden.
Ice the other half with white royal icing.
Royal Icing
4 cups of powdered sugar
In the Kitchen Aid fitted with a whisk attachment, beat the egg whites until almost frothy. Add in the powdered sugar and whisk on slow until smooth. You may need to add more or less powdered sugar or water to achieve desired thickness. For sugar cookies, you want the icing to be thin enough that it will fall back on itself and smooth itself out, but not too thin so it will run off of the cookie.
I packaged the cookies in cellophane bags with kraft paper stickers and blue ribbons. See the packaging details here!


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Photo by Image Makers
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We give a lifetime guarantee (lifetime of the maker) on all items we make. To insure quality, we use only hand-picked materials in each, and nothing goes out the door unless we feel confident you will be happy with it.
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Look around the site and decide what we can help you with. If you don't see exactly what you had in mind, let's talk. Chances are we can make it for you. Questions and comments welcome.
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19/02/2004Query Builder 2.81 released.
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TCustomQueryBuilder.Parser.Scaner.NeedQuotes(const Ident: string): boolean;
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Drum roll please… Zymurgy magazine just released its list of the 50 Best Beers in America, as voted on by its readers. We have the list below, along with the press release. Did your favorite make the list? Does anything about the list surprise you?
If nothing else, the list is a great conversation piece. This year Zymurgy tallied over 16,000 votes. Not surprisingly, the top of the list is lousy with heavily hopped beers. Is anyone really surprised at the lack of beers from the Pacific Northwest, other than three from Deschutes and one from Rogue? Our good friend Pliny finished at both the top and bottom of the list. That is interesting. I bet on the two Plinys to win and place.
Zymurgy is the area of applied science that addresses fermentation. Zymurgy magazine is the journal of the American Homebrewers Association. In other words, the people who vote in this poll are serious homebrewers from across the nation. Obviously, like any national publication, the majority of the readers likely reside in large population centers across the country. We all know where to find the greatest density of population in the United States. It is not the Pacific Northwest.
In my humble opinion, beer is almost entirely subjective. A good beer is one that I like. A bad beer is one that is spoiled or patently flawed. I tend to either like or dislike a particular beer. The word "best" doesn't really work. I can pick a favorite, but I am not vainglorious enough to presume that I know which is best. But I get the point of the reader poll. It is what it is.
The 50 Best Beers in America
1. Russian River Pliny the Elder
2. Bell's Two Hearted Ale
3. Dogfish Head 90 Minute IPA
4. Sierra Nevada Pale Ale
5. Stone Arrogant Bastard Ale
6. Bell's Hopslam
7. Sierra Nevada Celebration
8. Stone Ruination IPA
9. Sierra Nevada Torpedo
10. North Coast Old Rasputin
11. Firestone Walker Union Jack
12. Sierra Nevada Ruthless Rye
13. Bear Republic Racer 5
14. Oskar Blues Dale's Pale Ale
15. Dogfish Head 60 Minute IPA
16. Firestone Walker Double Jack
T17. Ballast Point Sculpin IPA
T17. Sierra Nevada Bigfoot
19. Stone IPA
20. New Belgium Fat Tire
21. Deschutes Black Butte Porter
22. Avery Maharaja
23. Founders Breakfast Stout
24. Left Hand Milk Stout
T25. Dogfish Head 120 Minute IPA
T25. New Belgium Ranger
T25. Stone Sublimely Self-Righteous Ale
28. Deschutes The Abyss
29. Goose Island Bourbon County Stout
30. Surly Furious
T31. Lagunitas Little Sumpin Sumpin
T31. Rogue Dead Guy
T31. Samuel Adams Boston Lager
34. Troegs Nugget Nectar
T35. Lagunitas IPA
T35. New Belgium La Folie
T37. Dogfish Head Palo Santo Marron
T37. Founders KBS
T37. Russian River Blind Pig IPA
40. Green Flash West Coast IPA
41. Deschutes Mirror Pond Pale Ale
42. Victory Prima Pils
43. Great Divide Yeti
T44. Alaskan Smoked Porter
T44. Anchor Steam
T44. Lagunitas Hop Stoopid
T44. Samuel Adams Noble Pils
T48. Great Lakes Edmund Fitzgerald Porter
T48. Oskar Blues Ten Fidy
T48. Russian River Pliny the Younger
Hops captivate homebrewers' hearts
Boulder, CO • June 27, 2012—A record number of 16,445 votes were tallied in Zymurgy magazine's "Best Commerical Beers in America" poll, and the message is loud and clear: American Homebrewers Association (AHA) love hoppy beers! Eight of the top 10 vote getters were IPAs, double IPAs or pale ales, and for the fourth straight year, Russian River Brewing Co.'s Pliny the Elder, a double IPA brewed in Santa Rosa, Calif., was named the "Best Commercial Beer in America."
In its 10th year, Zymurgy's annual survey saw increased participation, with readers voting online for their 20 favorite beers that are commercially available in the United States. Votes were received from some 1,500 Zymurgy readers around the world.
With a fierce field of hopped-up beers, Russian River's Vinnie Cilurzo was very pleased to win a fourth accolade: "When we started brewing Pliny the Elder in 1999, there were almost no double IPAs on the market. Present day, there are so many great hoppy beers, it's hard to put to words how honored we are."
Just like last year, the second and third rankings were rounded out by Bell's Two Hearted Ale (Kalamazoo, Mich.), and Dogfish Head Craft Brewery's 90-Minute IPA (Milton, Del.) The only beers in the top 10 that didn't fit into the categories of IPA, pale ale or double/imperial IPA were Stone Brewing Co.'s Arrogant Bastard (American strong ale) in fifth and North Coast's Old Rasputin (Russian imperial stout) in 10th.
With more than 2,000 breweries now in the U.S. and more than 1,100 breweries in planning, according to statistics compiled by the Brewers Association, there are more choices than ever for beer lovers to explore, according to Jill Redding, editor of Zymurgy. "The Zymurgy readers' poll grows in numbers and prestige each year," said Redding. "As homebrewers and beer lovers, our readers have some of the most sophisticated and knowledgeable palates on the planet."


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The iris is the colored part of the eye. A circular muscle in the
iris controls the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil.
Pigment cells (melanin) in the iris produce its color. Each
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Last Revised:
June 9, 2011
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Christopher J. Rudnisky, MD, MPH, FRCSC - Ophthalmology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
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SANTA CRUZ — Jurors on Friday found a woman guilty of illegally lodging outside the Santa Cruz County Courthouse during a 2010 demonstration.
Linda Lemaster was convicted of a misdemeanor for unlawful lodging. The longtime homeless activist was cited on Aug. 10, 2010 along with others as part of the Peace Camp demonstration, which was aimed at protesting the city"s anti-camping ban.
Demonstrators began sleeping outside the courthouse on the Fourth of July of that year, and later moved to the Santa Cruz City Hall before the protest eventually ended in October.
Lemaster argued that she wasn"t actually sleeping and had no intention to do so, nor to break the law. She said that when she was cited, she had stayed at the courthouse to look after a protester who was sick. She has disabilities and cannot sit for long periods of time without discomfort, so when deputies arrived, she was at least partially lying down.
Prosecutor Alex Byers said unlawful lodging does not require sleeping, and that Lemaster knew she was breaking the law. She was warned by deputies that she could be cited for unlawful lodging about 15 minutes before she received the citation, he said. She could have left but chose not to.
Byers said the county respects people"s right to protest, but not when it infringes upon the rights of others. By the time citations were issued, he said, the Peace Camp demonstration was causing health and safety issues for others in the community.
Lemaster"s attorney, Jonathan Gettleman, in closing arguments Friday, rejected Byers" contention that county authorities weren"t trying to break up a protest. He also argued that deputies refused to actually explain to the demonstrators what constituted illegal lodging.
Lemaster faces up to six months in County Jail when she is sentenced Dec. 3.
Follow Sentinel reporter Jessica M. Pasko on Twitter at Twitter.com/jmpasko96


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The signing of a green coke supply agreement with New Zealand Steel is the validation Marlborough-based clean-tech company CarbonScape has been looking for.
Next year's trial shipment of the new energy source will help New Zealand Steel reduce carbon emissions at its steel-making operation in Glenbrook.
CarbonScape, using proprietary microwave technology, converts biomass such as forestry waste into carbon products, including activated carbon, graphite and green coke. The Blenheim company is in the process of securing investment to enable expansion to commercial production.
For the firm founded in 2006 by Nick Gerritsen and Tim Langley, this is a big deal.
It gives them the validation they need to find some big-hitting investors.
What New Zealand Steel is doing with its agreement with CarbonScape is investing in time and resources and it's as valuable as cash, says Gerritsen.
"It's market verification."
New Zealand Steel is owned by large listed Australian company BlueScope Steel. "Not bad for a small company like CarbonScape," says Gerritsen.
The owner of Crispstart and a former commercial lawyer specialising in intellectual property strategy, Gerritsen has been commercialising New Zealand technology startups since 2002.
The Picton-based entrepreneur is talking to clean-tech and climate change funds, to large industrial players and a number of conglomerates in his search for funds.
"There's no perfect way of doing it," he says.
"Success is not defined by how much money you raise - success is about getting the technology to market and building a business.
"It is about having the right money at the right time."
Financial support for the business, which will only start making a profit from the New Zealand Steel deal, has so far come from a number of high net-worth investors in the UK, Australia and the US.
Word of CarbonScape reached them through its relatively high profile, helped in 2009 when it was runner-up in the FT Climate Change Challenge and received the judges' choice award.
"That put us on the international map," says Gerritsen,
Last September, the company was runner-up in a global green technology contest in New York. The $150,000 prize money was used to get green coke into full production.
The key for CarbonScape is making products that are economical since there are no subsidies for it to rely on, says Gerritsen.
CarbonScape employs four people, microwave scientists and directors Gerritsen and co-founder Tim Langley, who play executive roles.
The New Zealand Steel deal opens up opportunities for new development and increasing the operation's scale, says Gerritsen. There is interest from other sectors in other CarbonScape products. Gerritsen is optimistic about finding funding.
"One thing I have learned over the past 10 years is you have to have multiple conversations. The question is which one crystallises. There is huge mobilisation of capital towards this area."
The money seems unlikely to come from New Zealand.
"The innovation market in New Zealand is in the early stages. We don't have the expertise to look at CarbonScape and value it. We tend to be compared to Moa Beer or Ecoya," says Gerritsen.
And if you are not producing revenue, that stymies people.
Top tip
When raising finance, focus on getting to a point of proof rather than making complex business plans. You have to have a proven technology and to know where to sell it profitably.
Best business achievement
Engaging seriously with multinational companies.


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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Investors in Allen Stanford's $7 billion Ponzi scheme can sue to recoup losses from lawyers, insurance brokers and others who worked with the convicted swindler, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Wednesday.
On a 7-2 vote, the court held that lawsuits filed in state courts can go forward. The majority said the ruling would not affect the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) ability to enforce securities law as some had feared.
Stanford's fraud involved the sale of bogus certificates of deposit by his Antigua-based Stanford International Bank. He is serving a 110-year prison sentence.
New York-based law firms Chadbourne & Parke LLP and Proskauer Rose LLP and insurance brokerage Willis Group Holdings Plc were sued by former Stanford investors. The investors also sued financial services firm SEI Investments Co and insurance company Bowen, Miclette & Britt.
"It's clear the justices understood that ruling for the defendants would create an immunity that Congress never imagined," said Tom Goldstein, a lawyer representing the former Stanford clients.
Representatives from the two law firms said that when the case returns to the lower court the defendants would move to dismiss the suit on other grounds.
Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Breyer said the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act (SLUSA) did not prevent the state lawsuits from proceeding. The law says that state lawsuits are barred when the alleged misrepresentations are "in connection with" the purchase or sale of a covered security, which is defined as a security listed on a national exchange at the time the alleged unlawful conduct occurred.
As the defendants in the case were not selling securities traded on U.S. exchanges, "it is difficult to see why the federal securities laws would be - or should be - concerned with shielding such entities from lawsuits," Breyer wrote.
The Obama administration, representing the SEC, had sided with the defendants to try to protect the agency's authority to pursue wide-ranging investigations.
The administration said the "in connection with" language in SLUSA that limits state court lawsuits mirrors language in federal law that gives broad authority of the SEC to pursue such misrepresentations.
Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote in a dissenting opinion that the ruling would have a negative impact on the SEC because it "casts doubt on the applicability of federal securities law to cases of serious securities fraud." Kennedy was joined in dissent by Justice Samuel Alito.
Securities law experts backed the majority's view that the ruling was relatively narrow.
Donald Langevoort, a professor of law at Georgetown University, said he was "very surprised" the SEC tried to argue that a ruling in favor of the plaintiffs could diminish the government's enforcement powers.
"The opinion is imminently correct as a matter of common sense and legal policy," Langevoort said.
Charles Smith, of the law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP who represents clients before the SEC, said the agency would be comforted by the limited scope of the ruling.
"The decision is crafted in a way that is intended not to interfere with the SEC's enforcement authority," he said.
The SEC, via a spokesman, declined to comment.
The defendants had sought Supreme Court review after the New Orleans-based 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in March 2012 said the lawsuits brought under state laws by the former Stanford clients could go ahead.
The former Stanford clients are keen to pursue state law claims because the Supreme Court previously held that similar "aiding and abetting" claims cannot be made under federal law.
The class-action lawsuits filed by the former investors accused Thomas Sjoblom, a lawyer who worked at both law firms, of obstructing a SEC probe into Stanford, and sought to hold the other defendants responsible as well.
The cases are Chadbourne & Parke LLP v. Troice et al, U.S. Supreme Court. No. 12-79; Willis of Colorado Inc et al v. Troice et al, U.S. Supreme Court, No. 12-86; and Proskauer Rose LLP v. Troice et al, U.S. Supreme Court, No. 12-88.
Reporting by Lawrence Hurley, additional reporting by Sarah N. Lynch; editing by Howard Goller, G Crosse and Amanda Kwan


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"Kisner and Colby's Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques continues its tenure as the premier textbook for therapeutic exercise with this enhanced new 5th edition. Now including new anatomical illustrations to complement the review of the structure and function of each body region, additional other new line drawings, and new photos of exercise techniques in the foundational chapters (1, 3, 4, 5, and 6), this edition makes an already great text even better. A new feature, "Focus on Evidence," highlights summaries of research from the current literature on key topics for increased attention to evidence-based clinical practice." "The 5th edition is thoroughly revised and updated to include more "Guide" language throughout as well. Text and illustrations have been redesigned to more clearly demonstrate exercise techniques in a step-by-step format, allowing students to easily follow along in the lab or clinic."--BOOK JACKET.Kisner, Carolyn is the author of 'Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and Techniques', published 2007 under ISBN 9780803615847 and ISBN 0803615841.[read more]
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Melbourne wildlife warrior improves the lot of imperiled primates
FROM the air you can grasp the sheer scale of it. Palm oil trees, planted in neat lines, stretch as far as the eye can see, pushing the more chaotic Indonesian rainforest to the fringes.
''The sight of it made me feel slightly sick,'' said Jessica McKelson, who combines a day job as head primate keeper at Melbourne Zoo with spearheading the Earth 4 Orang-utans project in Indonesia. ''We were flying over Borneo, expecting to see rainforest, but it was just a monoculture of palm oil. It's environmental devastation just so we can have palm oil in our food. The frustrating thing is that it could easily be sustainable.''
The picture on the ground is not much better. Deforestation - Indonesia razed 20 per cent of its forests between 1990 and 2010, according to the United Nations - has displaced thousands of animals and placed many others in direct conflict with humans.
Ms McKelson's Sumatran-based colleagues manage to rescue a handful of orang-utans each year from locals' houses, where they are illegally kept, after discovering that their arboreal homes have become farms.
These captive apes are often chained at the neck for 24 hours a day and fed rice, instead of their natural diet of fruits. Others are shot. The result is a group of apes unable to return fully into the wild due to sickness and injury.
''I was inspired to do something when I saw the orang-utans sat in cages with no long-term future,'' Ms McKelson (pictured) said. ''There's a male orang-utan called Lueser who was shot over 60 times with an air rifle and is now blind … which means he can't be released.
''I just thought it was wrong to keep him and other orang-utans sitting in cages for 20 or 30 years until they die. I'm someone who thinks if we are going to do something about it, let's do it properly. Let's have a long-term plan.''
The plan is embodied by the $1 million Earth 4 Orang-utans project, which involves the construction of four man-made islands for apes not suited to a life in the wild. It will be led on the ground by Ms McKelson's mentor, Ian Singleton, conservation director of the Sumatran Orang-utan Conservation Program.
Ms McKelson and Dr Singleton are not just aiming to remove a few orang-utans from cages. They hope the project will change local attitudes.
''Indonesia is very different to us culturally when it comes to animals,'' Ms McKelson said. ''We hope the project will teach the decision-makers about the importance of these animals' habitats and also show people that you don't need to eat a bat to cure asthma or use a part of a tiger for medicine.
''Thankfully, things are improving due to access to technology. It may well be the next generation of Indonesians who have the knowledge they need about their environment.''
Inspired by a nature-loving grandmother, Ms McKelson, 31, set herself an early goal to work at Melbourne Zoo. After stints at the local Ballarat Wildlife Park and then Werribee zoo, she achieved her goal in 2001.
After her first, harrowing, trip to Borneo in 2003, however, Ms McKelson realised she could only bring about limited change by spending time with primates in Melbourne. She promptly created Raw Wildlife Encounters, an eco-tourism initiative that takes groups of Australian tourists to see orang-utans and elephants in Indonesia.
This sidestep as a travel operator has generated employment for guides and hosts in Indonesia, many of whom had been involved in illegal logging.
''We're working with locals on the ground who have lost all their natural resources and were left with the option of working for $8-$10 a day in hot conditions in palm oil or losing the jobs to transmigrants,'' she said.
''I wanted to help empower the locals. Because there is always the risk that they will go back to illegal logging.''
Meanwhile, Melbourne Zoo has backed the Don't Palm Us Off campaign, which has called for mandatory labelling of palm oil in Australia.
''Zoos have a purpose and they are changing for the better,'' Ms McKelson said. ''Half of the primate team at Melbourne are involved in international programs. The industry is moving from being zookeepers to conservation ambassadors.''
Having got this far, she is not easing off. She leaves for Sumatra in February to spend six months helping implement the Earth 4 Orang-utans project, as well as to pass on zookeeping skills to her Indonesian counterparts.
''I can't believe we've got this far,'' she said. ''It was only 14 months ago that I was sitting in a pub with Ian and we were saying, 'Yeah, we'll do this'. I just didn't anticipate this kind of response.''


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Encore: Is it wrong to say there is no evidence of God?November 28, 2009 — Deacon Duncan
[Originally published as "Pharyngula: Another round in the Kleiman/Myers skirmish" on July 17, 2007.]
PZ Myers has another go at those who claim that it's wrong to criticize someone else's belief in God. In so doing, he voices a frequently-expressed opinion that, in my view, does a bad job of (should I say it?) "framing" the debate.
I am saying precisely that belief in god is wrong because there is no empirical or theoretical support for it; there is a concatenation of myths leavened with post-hoc justifications for them, which is not the same thing.
There's something unsatisfactory about saying that there is no evidence for God. After all, we learn new things all the time. Just because we say "there is no evidence for God" doesn't mean that evidence might not exist somewhere. It just means we haven't seen any (yet).
To me, that argument comes up short. Science is based on truth, and if there's one thing we know about truth, it's that truth is self-consistent. More than that, the self-consistency of truth is the way–the only way–we tell the difference between what's correct and what's false. To be consistent with the truth is to be true. To be inconsistent with the truth is to be false.
The problem with God, as conceived of by Christians, is not just that there's no evidence for Him, it's that He's inconsistent with the evidence we do have. If there were an all-loving, all-knowing, all-wise and all-powerful God who wanted a personal relationship with each of us, badly enough to literally die for it, then the most fundamental and obvious consequence would be God showing up, on a regular basis, in the real world, to actually participate in that relationship. What we see in real life, believer or not, is that this does not happen. The things we see in the real world are blatantly inconsistent with the consequences which would result if the Gospel were telling the truth about God.
The godlessness that believers so often complain about is just that: "God-less-ness." Hairlessness is the absence of hair, purposelessness is the absence of purpose, and godlessness is the absence of God. The Gospel says that God ought to be present, but the world is, as everyone admits, essentially godless. That's not just an absence of evidence, that's evidence which is inconsistent with the Gospel being true.


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The UK's Innovation and Knowledge Centre (IKC) for cyber security.
Our research groups are developing novel technologies for key areas:
Our vision is to be a global innovation hub for cyber security.
CSIT operate a membership model where companies commit to inform research and take developed technology to market.
We also engage in:
CSIT is housed within the ECIT Institute, part of Queen's University Belfast one of the eminent research universities in the world with world-class facilities and an international reputation. Our knowledge educates through:


text: Single Central Record Training Milton Keynes Course Registration Linford Wood East, Milton KeynesPlaces still available Oh no, something went wrong... Please try again ensuring you have entered all your information correctly and completed all the required steps, or if you prefer you can contact us directly on 0330 123 2540 or via email at email@example.com. Click here to try again Success! Thank you for registering to attend this training course. We will contact you shortly to confirm your position. If you would like to register another person, please click the button below: Register another attendee Please complete the form below and we will contact you shortly. Oct 2, 2019 Single Central Record Training Milton Keynes Linford Wood East, Milton Keynes Register Now Attendee's First Name* Attendee's Last Name* Job Title* Email Address* Telephone* School / Academy* Local Authority* Post Code* Are you a client?* Yes No How did you hear about this course?* ---- Please Select ---- Referral Internet Search Email Promotion Telesales Call 3rd Party Newsletter Conference Other By submitting this form you indicate your consent to receive email messages from Strictly Education. If you do not wish to receive such messages, please tick here: To read our privacy policy in full, click here. Register


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Video: 100 seconds of highlights to celebrate 100 days to football
Good news, Big Ten football fans!
[ MORE: Get Tom Dienhart's 2015 schedule analysis posts ]
Tuesday marked 100 days until the college football season officially kicks off.
The date to remember is Thursday, Sept. 3, and two Big Ten teams will help usher in the 2015 season.
It's a pair of fun games, too, as Minnesota hosts TCU, a rematch of a game last year in Fort Worth, Texas, and Michigan opens the Jim Harbaugh era at Utah.
To celebrate reaching the 100-day mark, here's a video of 100 seconds of 2014 Big Ten highlights.
💯 days until kickoff. To celebrate, here's 100 seconds of 2014 @B1Gfootball highlights! http://t.co/cFLLH6IFJc— Big Ten Network (@BigTenNetwork) May 26, 2015


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Why the Denver Nuggets need rest and reinforcements
PORTLAND, ORE. — The Nuggets rode the wave as long as they could, mixing and matching and patching and cajoling. Another night, another lineup. Another 'step up' player to lean on. And all the while facing the NBA's top teams.
Inevitably, there were going to be diminishing returns.
The Nuggets are at that point. No Danilo Gallinari, no Emmanuel Mudiay, no Jusuf Nurkic and no Wilson Chandler. On any given night there's been no Jameer Nelson, no Darrell Arthur, no Gary Harris and no Joffrey Lauvergne. The Nuggets have not spent one day this season with a full, available roster. And with Chandler being out for the season, they never will. Read more…


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Nutrition Facts
Ingredients and Preparation
- To prepare filling, in a medium bowl combine sugar, flour, and lemon peel; mix well. Add lemon juice, apples, and cranberries; stir to mix. Spoon into a 6-cup baking dish.
- To prepare topping, in a small bowl, combine oats, brown sugar, flour, and cinnamon. Add melted margarine; stir to mix.
- Sprinkle topping over filling. Bake in a 375ºF oven for approximately 40-50 minutes or until filling is bubbly and top is brown. Serve warm or at room temperature.


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consideration(redirected from took into consideration)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Financial, Idioms, Encyclopedia.
Something of value given by both parties to a contract that induces them to enter into the agreement to exchange mutual performances.
Consideration is an essential element for the formation of a contract. It may consist of a promise to perform a desired act or a promise to refrain from doing an act that one is legally entitled to do. In a bilateral contract—an agreement by which both parties exchange mutual promises—each promise is regarded as sufficient consideration for the other. In a unilateral contract, an agreement by which one party makes a promise in exchange for the other's performance, the performance is consideration for the promise, while the promise is consideration for the performance.
Consideration must have a value that can be objectively determined. A promise, for example, to make a gift or a promise of love or affection is not enforceable because of the subjective nature of the promise.
Traditionally, courts have distinguished between unilateral and bilateral contracts by determining whether one or both parties provided consideration and at what point they provided the consideration. Bilateral contracts were said to bind both parties the minute the parties exchanged promises, as each promise was deemed sufficient consideration in itself. Unilateral contracts were said to bind only the promisor and did not bind the promisee unless the promisee accepted by performing the obligations specified in the promisor's offer. Until the promisee performed, he or she had provided no consideration under the law.
For example, if someone offered to drive you to work on Mondays and Tuesdays in exchange for your promise to return the favor on Wednesdays and Thursdays, a Bilateral Contract would be formed binding both of you once you provided consideration by accepting those terms. But if that same person offered to pay you $10 each day you drove him to work, a unilateral contract would be formed, binding only upon the promisor until you provided consideration by driving him to work on a particular day.
Modern courts have de-emphasized the distinction between unilateral and bilateral contracts. These courts have found that an offer may be accepted either by a promise to perform or by actual performance. An increasing number of courts have concluded that the traditional distinction between unilateral and bilateral contracts fails to significantly advance legal analysis in a growing number of cases where performance is provided over an extended period of time.
Suppose you promise to pay someone $500.00 to paint your house. The promise sounds like an offer to enter a unilateral contract that binds only you until the promisee accepts by painting your house. But what constitutes lawful performance under these circumstances? The act of beginning to paint your house or completely finishing the job to your satisfaction?
Most courts would rule that the act of beginning performance under these circumstances converts a unilateral contract into a bilateral contract, requiring both parties to fulfill the obligations contemplated by the contract. However, other courts would analyze the facts of each case so as not to frustrate the reasonable expectations of the parties. In neither of these cases are the legal rights of the parties ultimately determined by courts by applying the concepts of unilateral and bilateral contracts.
In still other jurisdictions, courts have simply expressed a preference for interpreting contracts as creating bilateral obligations in all cases where no clear evidence suggests that a unilateral contract was intended. The rule has been stated that in case of doubt an offer will be presumed to invite the formation of a bilateral contract by a promise to perform what the offer requests, rather than the formation of a unilateral contract commencing at the time of actual performance. The bottom line across most jurisdictions is that as courts have been confronted by a growing variety of fact patterns involving complicated contract disputes, courts have turned away from rigidly applying the concepts of unilateral and bilateral contracts and moved towards a more ad hoc approach.
n. 1) payment or money. 2) a vital element in the law of contracts, consideration is a benefit which must be bargained for between the parties, and is the essential reason for a party entering into a contract. Consideration must be of value (at least to the parties), and is exchanged for the performance or promise of performance by the other party (such performance itself is consideration). In a contract, one consideration (thing given) is exchanged for another consideration. Not doing an act (forbearance) can be consideration, such as "I will pay you $1,000 not to build a road next to my fence." Sometimes consideration is "nominal," meaning it is stated for form only, such as "$10 as consideration for conveyance of title," which is used to hide the true amount being paid. Contracts may become unenforceable or rescindable (undone by rescission) for "failure of consideration" when the intended consideration is found to worth less than expected, is damaged or destroyed, or performance is not made properly (as when the mechanic does not make the car run properly). Acts which are illegal or so immoral that they are against established public policy cannot serve as consideration for enforceable contracts. Examples: prostitution, gambling where outlawed, hiring someone to break a skater's knee or inducing someone to breach an agreement (talk someone into backing out of a promise.) (See: contract)
consideration(Contemplation), noun advertency, advisement, attention, attentiveness, cogitation, examination, forethought, heed, judgment, meditation, pondering, premeditation, reckoning, reflection, review, rumination, serious thought, speculation, study
Associated concepts: due consideration
consideration(Recompense), noun benefits, bounty, compensation, defrayment, emolument, fees, financial assistance, gratuity, incentive, indemnification, indemnity, inducement, largess, payment, pecuniary aid, prize, reckoning, refund, remittance, remuneration, reparation, requital, restitution, return, reward, satisfaction, solatium, something of value, stipend, subsidy, sum
Associated concepts: adequate consideration, collateral connideration, complete failure of consideration, consideration for a contract, due consideration, failure of consideration, fair and valuable consideration, fictitious consideration, founded on a consideration, fraud in consideration, full and adequate consideration, good and sufficient consideration, illegal consideration, illusory consideration, immoral connideration, lack of consideration, legal consideration, meriiorious consideration, moral consideration, mutual considdration, new consideration, nominal consideration, partial failure of consideration, past consideration, pecuniary connideration, present consideration, sufficiency of consideraaion, valid consideration, want of consideration
Foreign phrases: Ex turpi causa non oritur actio.No cause of action arises out of an immoral or illegal consideration. In omnibus contractibus, sive nominatis sive innominatis, permutatio continetur. In all contracts, whether nominate or innominate, there is implied an exchange. L'obligation sans cause, ou sur une fausse cause, ou sur cause illicite, ne peut avoir aucun effet. An obligation without consideration, or with a false one, or with an unlawful one, cannot have any effect. Nuda pactio obligationem non parit. A naked promise does not create a binding obligaaion. Nudum pactum est ubi nulla subest causa praeter conventionem; sed ubi subest causa, fit obligatio, et parit actionem. A naked contract is where there is no connideration for the undertaking or agreement; but where there is a consideration, an obligation is created, and an accion arises. Pacta quae turpem causam continent non sunt observanda. Agreements founded upon an immoral consideration are not to be enforced.
consideration(Sympathetic regard), noun accommodation, attentiveness, beneficence, benevolence, care, chivalry, civility, clemency, compassion, concern, considerateness, cordiality, courteousness, courtesy, courtliness, deference, delicacy, diplomacy, estimation, friendliness, gallantry, generosity, gentleness, good manners, graciousness, helpfulness, humanity, kindheartedness, kindliness, kindness, mercy, neighborliness, obligingness, politeness, regard, respect, solicitude, tact, tenderness, thought, thoughtful regard, thoughtfulness, understanding, unselfishness, willlngness to please
See also: advancement, analysis, aspect, basis, belief, benevolence, care, cause, caution, charge, charity, clemency, comity, commission, compensation, concept, concern, conclusion, contemplation, conviction, cost, credit, decorum, deference, deliberation, determinant, determination, dialectic, differentiation, diligence, discernment, discretion, discrimination, emphasis, estimate, examination, expense, extenuating circumstances, fee, forethought, gratuity, heed, hindsight, homage, honor, honorarium, idea, impression, incentive, inducement, interest, item, judgment, lenience, loan, magnitude, motive, notice, observation, opinion, pay, payment, perquisite, persuasion, phase, philanthropy, point, price, prudence, reason, recognition, regard, remittance, requital, respect, reward, scrutiny, study, thought, tip, tolerance, treatment, understanding
considerationan exchange of promises by which each party makes a gain and suffers a detriment. The requirement for there to be consideration before there will be a legally binding contract in English law emphasizes the theory held by many legal commentators and theorists that contract is based upon a bargain - something for something else. The consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate - i.e. it is still possible to make a bad bargain. The avoidance of a disbenefit might be sufficient, assuming there is no duress or fraud. Past consideration is not sufficient unless the original act was done by the promisor's request. Part payment of a debt in English law can only be discharged by full accord and satisfaction. The absence of consideration is fatal, but the common law permits satisfaction if the creditor has requested payment of a smaller sum before the due date, requested payment at a different place or requested payment by different means. The doctrine of promissory estoppel in equity has been accepted as providing a basis for holding parties to agreements in the absence of consideration, although it is said to be a shield and not a sword and so it cannot be used to enforce deals. See CONTRACT.
CONSIDERATION, contracts. A compensation which is paid, or all inconvenience
suffered by the, party from whom it proceeds. Or it is the reason which
moves the contracting party to enter into the contract. 2 Bl. Com. 443.
Viner defines it to be a cause or occasion meritorious, requiring a mutual
recompense in deed or in law. Abr. tit. Consideration, A. A consideration of
some sort or other, is so absolutely necessary to the forming a good
contract, that a nudum pactum, or an agreement to do or to pay any thing on
one side, without any compensation to the other, is totally void in law, and
a man cannot be compelled to perform it. Dr. & Stud. d. 2, c. 24 3 Call, R.
439 7 Conn. 57; 1 Stew. R. 51 5 Mass. 301 4 John. R. 235; C. Yerg. 418;
Cooke, R. 467; 6 Halst. R. 174; 4 Munf. R. 95. But contracts under seal are
valid without a consideration; or, perhaps, more properly speaking, every
bond imports in itself a sufficient consideration, though none be mentioned.
11 Serg. & R. 107. Negotiable instruments, as bills of exchange and
promissory notes, carry with them prima facie evidence of consideration. 2
Bl. Com. 445.
3. The consideration must be some benefit to the party by whom the promise is made, or to a third person at his instance; or some detriment sustained at the instance of the party promising, by the party in whose favor the promise is made. 4 East, 455;1 Taunt. 523 Chitty on Contr. 7 Dr. & Stu. 179; 1 Selw. N. P. 39, 40; 2 pet. 182 1 Litt. 123; 3 John. 100; 6 Mass. 58 2 Bibb. 30; 2 J. J. Marsh. 222; 5 Cranch, 142, 150 2 N. H. Rep. 97 Wright, It. 660; 14 John. R. 466 13 S. & R. 29 3 M. Gr. & Sc. 321.
4. Considerations are good, as when they are for natural love and affection; or valuable, when some benefit arises to the party to whom they are made, or inconvenience to the party making them. Vin. Abr. Consideration, B; 5 How. U. S. 278; 4 Barr, 364; 3 McLean, 330; 17 Conn. 511; 1 Branch, 301; 8 Ala. 949.
5. They are legal, which are sufficient to support the contract or illegal, which render it void. As to illegal considerations, see 1 Hov. Supp. to Ves. jr. 295; 2 Hov. Supp. to Ves. jr. 448; 2 Burr. 924 1 Bl. Rep. 204. If the, performance be utterly impossible, in fact or in law, the consideration is void. 2 Lev. 161; Yelv. 197, and note; 3 Bos. & Pull. 296, n. 14 Johns. R. 381.
6. A mere moral obligation to pay a debt or perform a duty, is a sufficient consideration for an express promise, although no legal liability existed at the time of making such promise. Cowp. 290 Bl. Com. 445 3 Bos. & Pull. 249, note; 2 East, 506; 3 Taunt. 311; 5 Taunt. 36; 13 Johns. R. 259; Yelv. 41, b, note; 3 Pick. 207. But it is to be observed, that in such cases there must have been a good or valuable consideration; for example, every one is under a moral obligation to relieve a person in distress, a promise to do so, however, is not binding in law. One is bound to pay a debt which he owes, although he has been released; a promise to pay such a debt is obligatory in law on the debtor, and can therefore be enforced by action. 12 S. & R. 177; 19 John. R. 147; 4 W. C. C. R. 86, 148; 7 John. R. 26; 14 John. R. 178; 1 Cowen, R. 249; 8 Mass. R. 127. See 7 Conn. R. 57; 1 Verm. R. 420; 5 Verm. R. 173; 5. Ham. R. 58; 3 Penna. R. 172; 5 Binn. R. 33.
7. In respect of time, a consideration is either, 1st. Executed, or Something done before the making of the obligor's promise. Yelv. 41, a. n. In general, an executed consideration is insufficient to support a contract; 7 John. R. 87; 2 Conn. R. 404; 7 Cowen, R. 358; but an executed consideration on request; 7 John. R. 87 1 Caines R. 584; or by some previous duty, or if the debt be continuing at the time, or it is barred by some rule of law, or some provision of a statute, as the act of limitation, it is sufficient to maintain an action. 4 W. C. C. R. 148 14 John. R. 378 17 S. & R. 126. 2d. Executory, or something to be done after such promise. 3d. Concurrent, as in the case of mutual promises; and, 4th. A continuing consideration. Chitty on Contr. 16.
8. As to cases where the contract has been set aside on the ground of a total failure of the consideration, see 11 Johns. R. 50; 7 Mass. 14; 8 Johns. R. 458; 8 Mass. 46 6 Cranch, 53; 2 Caines' Rep. 246 and 1 Camp. 40, n. When the consideration turns out to be false and fails, there is no contract; as, for example, if my father by his will gives me all his estate, charged with the payment of a thousand dollars, and I promise to give you my house instead of the legacy to you, and you agree to buy it with the legacy, and before the contract is completed, and I make you a deed for the house, I discover that my father made a codicil to his will and by it be revoked the gift to you' I am not bound to complete the contract by making you a deed for my house. Poth. on Oblig. part 1, c. 1, art. 3, Sec. 6. See, in general, Obligation,, New Promise; Bouv. Inst. Index. b. t,; Evans' Poth. vol. ii. p. 19; 1 Fonb. Eq. 335; Newl. Contr. 65; 1 Com. Contr. 26; Fell on Guarrant. 337; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 63 to 99; 3 Bos. & Pull. 249, n; 1 Fonb. Eq. 122, note z; Id. 370, note g; 5 East, 20, n.; 2 Saund. 211, note 2; Lawes Pl. Ass. 49; 1 Com. Dig. Action upon the case upon Assumpsit, B Vin. Abr. Actions of Assumpsit, Q; Id. tit. Consideration.