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|Instrument: SIR-C : Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C
Instrument Category:
Earth Remote Sensing Instruments
Instrument Class: Active Remote Sensing
Instrument Type: Imaging Radars
Associated Platforms
Related Data Sets
View all records related to this instrument
The Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar
(SIR-C/X-SAR) was flown as part of the Space Radar Laboratory-1
payload launched on the Space Shuttle STS-59 on April 9, 1994.
The objectives of the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) instrument were
to investigate characteristics of the Earth's surface such as (1)
vegetation extent and biomass condition, (2) soil moisture and snow
properties, (3) recent climate change and tectonic activity, and (4)
ocean wave spectra. The SIR-C was jointly operated from the Space
Shuttle with the X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (X-SAR), provided by the
German Space Agency (DARA)/German Aerospace Research Establishment
(DLR) and the Italian Space Agency (ASI), on the same Space Radar Laboratory
(SRL) platform. The SIR-C radar operated at L-band (24-cm wavelength or
1250 MHz) and C-band (5.6-cm wavelength or 5300 MHz) in multiple polarization
modes (HH,HV,VH,VV). The antenna was composed of two planar arrays, one for
L-band and one for C-band, in dual-polarized operation. Each array was
composed of a uniform grid of dual-polarized microstrip antenna radiators.
The SIR-C antenna was 12.2 meters, weighed over 10,500 kg and filled the
Shuttle cargo bay. SIR-C provided images of the magnitudes of HH,VV,and
cross-polarized returns, images of the relative phase difference between
multiple polarization returns, and derivation of linear, circular, or
elliptical polarization. Image resolution was 25 m (20 MHz bandwidth) and
40 m (10 MHz bandwidth). The swath width ranged from 15 to 65 km for
calibrated images and 40 to 90 km for mapping mode (SCANSAR) images.
In SCANSAR mode, the antenna was steered electronically or mechanically to
acquire data at various incidence angles (15 to 55 degrees) increasing the
swath width at reduced resolution. Data was acquired at 8 bits per sample or
4 bits per sample in 16 primary modes. SIR-C used four solid state receivers,
two each for C-band and L-band. The SIR-C data was recorded on-board on the
Shuttle Payload High Rate Recorder. The SIR program is an extension of the
Seasat SAR, SIR-A, and SIR-B instruments.
X-SAR operated at X-band (3.1-cm wavelength or 9600 MHz) with VV
polarization. The X-SAR used a passive slotted-waveguide antenna (12
meters) which was tilted mechanically to align the X-band beam with
the SIR-C C-band and L-band beams. The swath width was from 10 to 45
km at 25-km resolution with illumination angle of 15 to 60 degrees
off-nadir. The X-SAR antenna had a fixed beamwidth of 5.8 degrees in
elevation and 0.13 degrees in azimuth as opposed to the phased array,
multi-polarization antenna of SIR-C. X-SAR data was recorded on-board
on the Shuttle Payload High Rate Recorder and transmitted in real-time
(Ku-band via TDRSS) over selected regions. The X-SAR is a follow-on
the Germany's Microwave Remote Sensing Experiment (MRSE), flown on the
first Shuttle Spacelab mission in 1983. The SRL is expected to fly
again in 1994 and 1995.
The SIR-C/X-SAR Science Team was made up of 49 members and 3
associates from 13 countries. Data was collected and focused on
selected supersites in conjunction with aircraft and ground-based
observations. See Jordan,R.L., B.L.Huneycutt, and M.Werner, &The
SIR-C/X-SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar System&, Vol.79, No.6, June
There were more than 400 sites on Earth where data was taken during
the mission. Nineteen sites were designated &supersites&, making them
the highest priority targets and the focal point for the scientific
investigations. The following were the supersites targeted:
Ecology - Manaus, Brazil; Raco, Mich.; Duke Forest, NC; Central Europe
Hydrology - Chickasha, OK; Otztal, Austria; Bebedouro, Brazil;
Montespertoli, Italy
Oceanography - Gulf Stream (mid-Atlantic); Northeast Atlantic Ocean;
Southern Ocean
Geology - Galapagos Islands; Sahara Desert; Death Valley, CA; Andes
Mountains, Chile; Mount Pinatubo
Calibration - Flevoland, The Netherlands; Kerang, Australia;
Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; Western Pacific Ocean
Rain Experiments - Western Pacific Ocean
Dr. Diane Evans (JPL) - U.S. Project Scientist
Dr. Herwig Ottl (DLR) - German Project Scientist
Prof. Mario Calamia (Univ. Florence) - Italian Project Scientist
Dr. Miriam Baltuck (NASA HQ) - Program Scientist
Michael Sander (JPL) Project Manager
Richard Monson (MtPE) Program Manager
Jim McGuire (NASA HQ) SRL Program Manager
Dr. Manfred Wahl (DARA) X-SAR Project Manager
Dr. Paolo Ammendola (ASI) Deputy Project Manager
Online Resources
Instrument Logistics
Instrument Owner: NASA


text:
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- Play carnival style games (tickets required)
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Daily activities (7 days a weeks) include:
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- Find your way out of our corn maze!
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The Pumpkin Patch is not a guided tour - choose and pay for each activity separately:
Parking - Free
Admission - $2 (Free for active military w/ID)
Corn Maze - Free with admission.
Wagon Ride - $5 unlimited all day use (ages 2 & under free)
Petting Zoo - $3 unlimited all day use (ages 2 & under free)
Game and ATV tickets (price TBA)
U-Pick Vegetables - $2.99/lb
U-Pick Pumpkins - 89 cents per lb. ( $3.50 per pumpkin under 4 lbs.)
Visit our Pumpkin Patch page for more information.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Thursday, April 8, 2010
Helena Guergis' Tirade in PEI Now Excusable
17 comments:
- Ian said...
Not if you knew he was making enough money to buy yourself an $880K house.
- Apr 8, 2010, 11:30:00 AM
- James Bowie said...
PEI is the best place in Canada.
And I think she said "Shithole," not "Hellhole." I think you just can't say "shit" on TV.
- Apr 8, 2010, 12:17:00 PM
- Top Can Inc. said...
Oh yeah, suddenly it's all starting to make sense. But still, I thought if you were a mature woman at the age Guergis is at, you would do a better job of containing your emotions if you found out your husband was wining and dining with hookers.
Oh well, we all react to these things differently.
- Apr 8, 2010, 12:28:00 PM
- CanadianSense said...
It is nice to see the priorities of the official opposition.
Helena and tax funded abortions for the Congo.
What happened to the Liberals, why are they afraid of introducing alternative ideas about pensions, EI, free trade in parliament?
- Apr 8, 2010, 12:39:00 PM
- RuralSandi said...
CS - trying to change the subject again?
Ain't workin
Unfortunatley, Guergis has major family problems. She probably should have resigned, dealt with her problems and started again.
- Apr 8, 2010, 12:44:00 PM
- CanadianSense said...
Changing the channel?
Interesting, asking the host who was running for VP organization in the OLO about the big picture vs the small stuff.
RS your should take up your concerns about his ability to answer a question through a private channel.
I did not visit your site and did not ask for your opinion.
Thanks again for coming out and demostrating you inability to mind your manners.
- Apr 8, 2010, 1:15:00 PM
- James Curran said...
***Not if you knew he was making enough money to buy yourself an $880K house.
-I think an MP at $175k a year could afford it on her own.
***PEI is the best place in Canada.
- Yes, I remember your favourite Senator is from there.
***What happened to the Liberals, why are they afraid of introducing alternative ideas about pensions, EI, free trade in parliament?
- the same thing that happened to an elected Senate, banning the gun registry and a more open and accountable government.
***Interesting, asking the host who was running for VP organization in the OLO about the big picture vs the small stuff.
-Listen CS you BSer, it was VP-Org LPCO. Learn your letters. And, what the fuck does that have to do with Conservatives connections to criminal elements??????????? And, I'll answer your questions once you decide to have the guts to identify yourself. Some of us have the courage of our own convictions to stand on their own record. Right, James Bowie?
- Apr 8, 2010, 1:27:00 PM
- CanadianSense said...
James Curran,
I am not sure why the hostility regarding my post.
Your request for my real name will be denied.
A post from Green Peace a couple days ago illustrates the danger posed by some in the left.
I have a family and children that I wish to keep safe.
I guess the election did not work out in your favour. Best of luck next year.
- Apr 8, 2010, 1:52:00 PM
- James Curran said...
To your point:
"RS your should take up your concerns about his ability to answer a question through a private channel."
I, unlike yourself, put myself out there. So, no need to answer questions from nobodys like yourself. And, what the hell is your question anyway?
P.S. If you fear for your family, then get the hell off the internet and quit being an ass.
- Apr 8, 2010, 2:09:00 PM
- RuralSandi said...
CS, I have news flash for you. This is James Curran's blog. It's his choice what he wants to write about. You have no say in the matter.
In fact, you are rambling and incoherent.
You don't like his blog or his views, don't read them.
Seems to me that Harper's fear card is really sinking in with you - how sad.
- Apr 8, 2010, 3:36:00 PM
- R. G. Harvie said...
I guess, like so much of what's being coming out of the LPC these days, it seems like, well, a little two-card monte. In the absense of "a plan", there is an effort to dredge up the abortion debate, and to make much ado about very little regarding Guergis.
So, someone got stuck in an airport and called it a shit hole.
So her stupid husband is a drunk, and maybe a drug user to boot who associates with sleazbags.
I suppose we could ask about Erik Bornman, close pal of Paul Martin and other federal Liberal insiders connected to the BC Legislature raids relating to alleged fraud and misuse of influence, with connections to drug dealers and other "unsavory types".
Or, we could look at Raymond Garneau who operated the loan syndicate used by Paul Martin to acquire Canadian Steamship line, and who, no coincidence I'm sure,was appointed by Paul Martin in his capacity as Finance Minister, to be a Director of the Bank of Canada
Who were Raymond Garneau's friends?
Well, Garneau was the CEO of the Montreal City and District Savings bank, which was the bank used by the Caruana/Cuntrera crime family for which Alfonso Gagliano worked as an accountant. The bank in question was apparently used for the laundering of $21 million by said crime family, a fact established by RCMP Sgt. Mark Bourque.
Oh yeah, speaking of Liberal Ministers, we all remember Alfonso Gagliano. From Wikipedia:
On November 17, 2004, an article in the New York Daily News alleged that Gagliano was associated with the Bonanno organized crime family. In the article, former capo Frank Lino, now an informer for the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, is quoted as saying Gagliano was introduced to him during a meeting with other mob members in Montreal. Gagliano has strongly denied the allegations. It is not the first time Gagliano's name has been linked to organized crime. In 1994, La Presse reported that Gagliano was the bookkeeper for Agostino Cuntrera, cousin of cocaine baron Alfonso Caruana, who was involved in a gangland slaying of Paul Violi in Montreal in 1978. Cuntrera was subsequently convicted of murder. Gagliano denies any links to the Mafia. Gagliano now resides with his family on a vineyard in Dunham, Quebec and winters in Florida since 2006, and no further charges have been brought against him.
Glass houses.
Well, you know the rest..
By the way.
The Canadian economy is kicking ass on everyone else in the G7.
In case such trivial issues are of any interest :)
- Apr 8, 2010, 3:51:00 PM
- James Curran said...
Yes. Thanks, once again Rob for proving my point. When Conservatives get uppity they just drudge up the shit you just brought up....over and over and over and over again. But Helena? Well, we just have to leave it alone. Puhlease.
How very self-serving Rob. Maybe i should start rambling on about Elmer McKay and Brian Muldoon and envelopes of cash and shit like that again.
And, I'm sorry Rob, but what "sweeping" policy has this Conservative government offered up recently that serves any purpose to Canadians? Talk about vacuous!
- Apr 8, 2010, 4:07:00 PM
- James Curran said...
Oh, and let's not forget, poor Helena is still up in front of the ethics committee shortly along with her buddy MP Rick Dykstra.
- Apr 8, 2010, 4:09:00 PM
- R. G. Harvie said...
Don't get me wrong.
If she has some skeletons in her closet - something beyond innuendo, so be it.
I have no more use for a dirty Conservative than for a dirty Liberal.
But this hoo-haw about the airport is pretty lame.
And as for the ethics committe complaint - again, it smacks of desperation.
She borrowed money to buy a house.
The suggestion, at it's worst, is she received a favorable mortgage from the bank her husband used to work at.
I've done about a thousand mortgage transactions and have seen scores of beneficial financing arrangements for current and past employees of banks.
This so-called issue pales in comparison to the director of the Bank of Canada being connected to the Cuntreras.
By the way.
From the CMHC wesbite http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/SEO/co_004.cfm
Buying a Home
For over 60 years, CMHC has helped millions of Canadians meet their housing needs. CMHC provides mortgage loan insurance that enables you to buy a home sooner with little or no money down.
God help Michael Ignatieff should this turn into yet another "abortion vote" scenario, when the gun he shoots ends up beign pointed at his own head.
- Apr 8, 2010, 4:49:00 PM
- R. G. Harvie said...
And as for "sweeping policy".. sometimes, the best thing to do, is very little.
Not imposing national daycare on the country to take children from their parents at great taxpayer expense.
Not creating a gun registry that every criminologist in Canada says does nothing to make us safer.
Not spending taxpayer's money to assure that we can provide safe, free abortions to developing nations.
"Conservative", at least in theory, means supporting a governemnt to do "LESS".
- Apr 8, 2010, 4:53:00 PM
- James Curran said...
They're very good at doing less Rob. But have a look at rahimjaffer.com. I wonder if that Con logo on the address line is legal.
- Apr 8, 2010, 5:17:00 PM
- crf said...
Not imposing a carbon tax.
Because, like, physics is hard.
- Apr 8, 2010, 5:55:00 PM


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Things you should bring along for bird watching
Watching birds is a fascinating and relaxing pastime. You just need a little time and patience.
This hobby can be pursued alone or with a partner, with the entire family or in a small, escorted group. Depending on the location, the world of birds presents itself in a new light every time you pursue this pastime. Because bird and nature reserves are sensitive biotopes, they demand circumspection, respect and restraint, but they reward you with exciting insights into their complex interconnectedness and networking.
You should, however, have the proper gear and observe a few basic rules.
You will need
- Binoculars, preferably light-strong ones (e.g. 10 x 50 = Optics x Diameter). Fellow bird watchers will not mind to let you have a look through their binoculars, if necessary.
- A bird classification book, which contains names, characteristics and information on the seasons or areas preferred by the birds. It will also state plenty of additional facts about the world of birds.
- Solitude and patience. Birds are sensitive and cautious creatures. Noise such as loud chatter, and gesticulations, will keep them away. They will soon come into view if you sit quietly for a while and wait for them in an unobtrusive manner and if you are more or less out of sight.
- Sturdy shoes, a windbreaker, and depending on the length of your excursion some provisions and drinking water.
- Before you leave for another area, take a short look around the place to make sure you left none of your belongings and gear behind.


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Trading Blame Over Maldives Turmoil
By Steve Chao in Asia
To the tourist, who has booked a vacation paradise, it is easy for him or her to never see the political turmoil that has gripped the tropical nation of the Maldives.
Upon arriving at the capital's airport, sun seekers are often whisked away on private boats or charter jets to distant resorts on some of the country's 1200 remote islands.
Even as the unrest has spread beyond the capital of Male, it has mostly taken place on the larger islands, like Addu city, home to some 30,000 permanent residents.
There, police stations, courthouses and other government buildings were burned, as the island's first democratically elected president, Mohammad Nasheed, announced that he was forced to resign, essentially at gunpoint, by the military in a "coup".
It is a claim the military firmly denies. At a recent press conference, the military's spokesperson, First Lieutenant Ibrahim Azim, pulled me aside to stress that they only warned Nasheed, in a private meeting, that if he did not step down there could be bloodshed on the streets.
Two very different stories, and who to believe?
Conflicting claims
Already, Nasheed's vice-president, Mohammad Waheed Hassan, has been sworn in as the new leader of the country. He has called for a coalition government made up of the factious political parties.
Hassan also dismisses claims that there was any coup, saying Nasheed overstepped his authority and that ultimately was his downfall.
There is no question that the former President's decision to order the military to arrest the Chief Justice of the Criminal Court, in January, for refusing to proceed in a court case against a government critic, sparked international condemnation.
But were the street protests calling for his resignation over the matter reflective of the majority?
Was it justified for sections of the police in the Maldives to take the side of these protestors, followed by sections of the military?
Nasheed and his party, the Maldives Democratic Party (MDP), believe it was all a well-orchestrated plan by remnants of the old "dictatorship" to "seek revenge" and unseat them.
That is certainly what he alleges in an opinion piece published in the New York Times newspaper, warning those involved in the Arab Spring, that the Maldives serves as an example that hard fought freedoms in a fledgling democracy could be undermined by the same powers that were toppled.
Whether that is in fact what has happened may not matter.
Next moves
Calls for international help, by the MDP, have largely been rebuffed. While Britain has sent a diplomatic delegation to speak to all parties, neighbour India has said it believes this is an "internal" matter for the Maldives. Calls for UN troops to step have so far been turned down.
Other political parties say that Nasheed is crying over sour grapes. They accuse him of "acts of terrorism" and trying to mount an "insurgency", by stirring the people to violence in order to regain control.
"Acts of terrorism" and "insurgency" are highly loaded words.
Nasheed, who has often been called the "Mandela of the Maldives", warned upon stepping down that he believed certain powers would try and find reasons to silence him before an upcoming election in 2013.
An arrest warrant, issued for him, he says, is the first step towards this [no one at the moment is saying just what the charges are against him]. There were high hopes in 2008 when the Maldives held their first free and democratic elections. Nasheed was the international darling at the time. A former political prisoner, he was credited for ushering in many of the reforms.
At Nasheed's family home, where we met him as he awaited being taken away on the latest charges, he told us he was preparing for yet another long stint behind bars.
The military says it has swiftly restored order and that the situation will calm in the next few days.
"The most important thing is to protect the economy, and ensure that tourism, our most vital resource is not threatened. That is good for all our citizens," said the military spokesperson Azim.
But political observers, along with Nasheed himself, say that as it stands, civil war is not outside the bounds of possibility. At that point, no vacationer, or island, however remote, will remain unaffected.
- Originally published by AlJazeera under Creative Commons License


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When my grand-daughter was born, I made a conscious decision to visit her every month. Not only did I want to observe her development on a regular basis, I also wanted her to interact with me consistently so we could build a close and loving relationship. She is now 5 years old and we enjoy a wonderfully close relationship. When her brother was born, she had to share her mother and father with him but she was unwilling to share me. She expected her grandfather to play with her brother so that I could spend all of my time with her. Naturally, our grandson developed a close and loving relationship with his grandfather. To this day when we arrive at their house, he first asks "Where is Grandpa?" and seeks to reconnect with his grandfather before he will interact with me. Now they have a new younger brother and it will be interesting to see how his relationship with both grandparents develops.
Infants learn to communicate within the context of contingent, consistent and sensitive face-to-face communication with their caregivers. They are born expecting developmentally appropriate and nurturing care. In fact, they are dependent upon such care to thrive and survive. Through consistent, appropriate and individually sensitive interactions, infants learn how to trust their caregivers, share emotions, regulate negative emotions, and associate nonverbal communication such as facial expressions and tone of voice with certain emotions (Baldwin & Moses, 1994; Butterworth, 1994; Moses, Baldwin, Rosicky, & Tidball, 2001; Smith, 2005). These early interactions help infants learn that when they are uncomfortable they can cry and most often an adult will make them feel better. Eventually they learn to regulate their distress at the sight of the caregiver's smiling face, when they hear their caregiver's calming voice, or as soon as the caregiver picks them up. Infants develop trusting relationships based on the consistent and contingent care they receive from sensitive caregivers and through these relationships they learn to draw inferences from their communicative, cognitive and social interactions.
Unfortunately not all children receive positive, contingent and consistent care. Many children experience maltreatment during their infancy or toddlerhood with the majority of maltreatment cases involving neglect (Children's Bureau, 2011). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services describes maltreatment to include: a) physical abuse, b) sexual abuse, c) emotional abuse, or d) child neglect. Physical abuse can be physical harm of a child or placing a child at risk of being harmed such as witnessing spousal abuse. Neglect can include not meeting the child's physical, educational, health care, or emotional needs (Hildegard & Wolfe, 2002).
Research on maltreated children provides evidence that maltreatment results in poor developmental outcomes (Wolfe, 1999). Children experiencing maltreatment have been reported to demonstrate poorer cognitive, receptive and expressive language performance and social-emotional development when compared with their peers (Culp et al., 1991; Eigsti & Cicchetti, 2004; Hildegard & Wolfe, 2002; Wolfe, 1999). Although placement into foster care families moves children into safer environments, children continue to display weaker social-emotional development and language performance and children who experience more transitions in care tend to demonstrate poorer performance (Pears & Fisher, 2005; Windsor, Glaze, Koga & the Bucharest Early Intervention Project Team, 2007).
Children who are raised in orphanages experience maltreatment (Johnson, 2000, 2005; Miller, 2005) and when adopted by families from a different country, the children often experience disrupted language acquisition. Orphanage care in countries with few resources or poor economies, provide less than adequate care. Many orphanages operate with large child to adult ratios and provide limited health care, poor nutrition, and little to no social or educational stimulation. Once children are adopted, many of the adopted families do not speak the children's birth language and may not have resources to provide continued instruction in the child's birth language. Thus, the children quickly stop speaking and listening to their birth language and become monolingual speakers of their adopted language (Hwa-Froelich, 2009, 2012). Research has documented rapid acquisition of the adopted language (for a review see Hwa-Froelich, 2012). However, recent research provides longitudinal evidence of expressive language delays (Cohen, Lojkasek, Zadeh, Pugliese, & Kiefer, 2008; Gauthier & Genesee, 2011; Glennen, 2007). In a recent meta-analysis, Scott and colleagues (2011) report that international adoptees demonstrate poorer language performance on behavioral measures than on survey measures and when compared with peers rather than standardized test norms. They found that while there was great variability in language performance during the preschool ages, children adopted from abroad were not significantly different from their nonadopted peers. However, there was a greater likelihood of poorer language outcomes at school-age or older ages. In other words, maltreatment and disruption in language acquisition may place internationally adopted children at increased risk of language problems.
Early maltreatment and poor relationship development can have persistent effects on children's communication development. Therefore, it is important for professionals to recognize, identify and report cases of maltreatment early and persistently to prevent and stop maltreatment of children. Agencies and professionals must try to provide safe and consistent caregiving environments for children removed from their families and children living in orphanages. Once children have experienced maltreatment, professionals must work closely together with children and their caregivers to facilitate the development of close, safe, and loving relationships as well as the children's cognitive, communication, and social-emotional development. Consistent assessments to evaluate cognitive, communication, and social-emotional development longitudinally are needed. If children demonstrate developmental delays then early intervention may benefit children exposed to maltreatment and disrupted language acquisition, such as children adopted from abroad.
Disclosure: Some of the information included in this blog was taken from Hwa-Froelich, D. A. (2012). Childhood maltreatment and communication development. Perspectives on School-based Issues, 13(1), 43-53. The author discloses financial benefit from book sales.
Baldwin, D. A., & Moses, L. J. (1994). Early understanding of referential intent and attentional focus: Evidence from language and emotion. In C. Lewis & P. Mitchell (Eds.) Children's early understanding of mind. Origins and development (pp. 133-156). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Butterworth, G. (1994). Theory of Mind and the facts of embodiment. In C. Lewis & P. Mitchell (Eds.) Children's early understanding of mind. Origins and development (pp. 115-132). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Children's Bureau. (2011). Child maltreatment 2010. Retrieved from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/index.htm#can
Cohen, N. J., Lojkasek, M., Zadeh, Z. Y., Pugliese, M., & Kiefer, H. (2008). Children adopted from China: a prospective study of their growth and development. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 458-468. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01853.x
Eigsti, I-M., & Cicchett, D. (2004). The impact of child maltreatment on expressive syntax at 60 months. Developmental Science, 7(1), 88-102.
Gauthier, K., & Genesee, F. (2011). Language development in internationally adopted children: A special case of early second language learning. Child Development, 82(3), 887-901. doi:10.1111/j1467-8624.2011.01578.x
Glennen, S. (2007). Predicting language outcomes for internationally adopted children. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 50, 529-548. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2007/036)
Hildeyard, K. L., & Wolfe, D. A. (2002). Child neglect: developmental issues and outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 679-695.
Hwa-Froelich, D. A. (2009). Communication development in infants and toddlers adopted from abroad. Topics in Language Disorders, 29(1), 27-44. doi:10.1097/01.TLD.0000346060.63964.c2
Hwa-Froelich, D. A. (2012). Supporting development in internationally adopted children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
Johnson, D. E. (2000). Medical and developmental sequelae of early childhood institutionalization in Eastern European adoptees. In C. A. Nelson (Ed.). The Minnesota Symposia on child psychology: The effects of early adversity on neurobiological development: Vol. 31. Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (pp. 113-162). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Johnson, D. E. (2005). International adoption: What is fact, what is fiction, and what is the future? Pediatric Clinics of North America, 52, 1221-1246. doi:10.1016j.pel.2005.06.008
Miller, L. (2005). The handbook of international adoption medicine. NY: Oxford University Press.
Moses L. J., Baldwin, D. A., Rosicky, J. G., & Tidball, G. (2001). Evidence for referential understanding in the emotions domain at twelve and eighteen months. Child Development, 72(3), 718-735. http://www.jstor.org/
Pears, K., & Fisher, P. A. (2005). Developmental, cognitive, and neuropsychological functioning in preschool-aged foster children: Associations with prior maltreatment and placement history. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 26(2), 112-122.
Smith, A. D. (2005). The inferential transmission of language. Adaptive Behavior, 13(4), 311-324. doi:10.1177/105971230501300402
Windsor, J., Glaze, L. E., Koga, S. F., & the Bucharest Early Intervention Project Core Group. (2007). Language acquisition with limited input: Romanian institution and foster care. Journal of Speech-Language-Hearing Research, 50, 1365-1381. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2007/095)
Wolfe, D. A. (1999). Child abuse: Implications for child development and psychopathology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Deborah Hwa-Froelich, Ph.D., CCC-SLP, is a Saint Louis University professor and Director of the International Adoption Clinic with interests in social effects on communication such as culture, poverty, parent-child interaction, maternal/child health, and disrupted development.


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- Type: New
- Model: Sentra
- Trim: S
- Body: Sedan
- Exterior: Fresh Powder
- Interior: Charcoal
- Doors: 4
- Stock#: KY290359
- Model #: 12019
- Engine: Regular Unleaded I-4 1.8 L/110
- Transmission: 1-Speed CVT w/OD
- Fuel: Gasoline Fuel
- Drive: FWD
- MPG*: 29 City / 37 Hwy
- Compact Spare Tire Mounted Inside Under Cargo
- Body-Colored Front Bumper
- Variable Intermittent Wipers
- Light Tinted Glass
- Clearcoat Paint
- Body-Colored Power Side Mirrors w/Manual Folding
- Trunk Rear Cargo Access
- Chrome Side Windows Trim and Black Front Windshield Trim
- Steel Spare Wheel
- Chrome Door Handles
- Fixed Rear Window w/Defroster
- Body-Colored Rear Bumper
- Fully Galvanized Steel Panels
- Chrome Grille
- Fully Automatic Aero-Composite Halogen Headlamps w/Delay-Off
- Wheels: 16" Steel w/Full Wheel Covers
- Tires: P205/55R16 All-Season
- Full Cloth Headliner
- Engine Immobilizer
- Trip Computer
- Delayed Accessory Power
- Manual Air Conditioning
- Glove Box
- Full Carpet Floor Covering
- Fade-To-Off Interior Lighting
- Gauges -inc: Speedometer, Odometer, Engine Coolant Temp, Tachometer, Trip Odometer and Trip Computer
- Cloth Seat Trim
- Analog Display
- Front Map Lights
- Cargo Space Lights
- Seats w/Cloth Back Material
- Driver Foot Rest
- Urethane Gear Shift Knob
- Outside Temp Gauge
- Power Door Locks w/Autolock Feature
- Front Cupholder
- 2 LCD Monitors In The Front
- Day-Night Rearview Mirror
- Manual Tilt/Telescoping Steering Column
- Air Filtration
- Cruise Control w/Steering Wheel Controls
- Cloth Door Trim Insert
- Remote Releases -Inc: Power Cargo Access and Mechanical Fuel
- Power Rear Windows
- Carpet Floor Trim and Carpet Trunk Lid/Rear Cargo Door Trim
- Power 1st Row Windows w/Driver 1-Touch Up/Down
- 1 12V DC Power Outlet
- Front Center Armrest
- Manual Adjustable Front Head Restraints and Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints
- 60-40 Folding Split-Bench Front Facing Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seat
- Instrument Panel Covered Bin, Driver / Passenger And Rear Door Bins
- Remote Keyless Entry w/Integrated Key Transmitter, Illuminated Entry and Panic Button
- Full Floor Console w/Covered Storage, Mini Overhead Console w/Storage and 1 12V DC Power Outlet
- Window Grid Antenna
- 1 Seatback Storage Pocket
- FOB Controls -inc: Trunk/Hatch/Tailgate
- Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w/Driver And Passenger Auxiliary Mirror
- Interior Trim -inc: Metal-Look Instrument Panel Insert, Metal-Look Door Panel Insert, Metal-Look Console Insert and Chrome/Metal-Look Interior Accents
- 6-Way Adjustable Driver's Seat
- Front Bucket Seats
- Driver Seat
- Passenger Seat
- Radio w/Seek-Scan, Clock, Speed Compensated Volume Control and Radio Data System
- Radio: AM/FM/Aux-In Audio System -inc: 4 speakers, 7" color touchscreen, streaming audio via Bluetooth, Bluetooth hands-free phone system, hands-free text messaging assistant, Siri eyes-free and USB connection port for iPod interface and other compatible devices
- Gas-Pressurized Shock Absorbers
- Electric Power-Assist Speed-Sensing Steering
- Single Stainless Steel Exhaust
- Front And Rear Anti-Roll Bars
- Strut Front Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Front-Wheel Drive
- 110 Amp Alternator
- Torsion Beam Rear Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Front Disc/Rear Drum Brakes w/4-Wheel ABS, Front Vented Discs and Brake Assist
- Brake Actuated Limited Slip Differential
- 49-Amp/Hr 470CCA Maintenance-Free Battery w/Run Down Protection
- 13.2 Gal. Fuel Tank
- Engine: 1.8L DOHC 16-Valve 4-Cylinder
- Transmission: Xtronic CVT -inc: Active Understeer Control (AUC) and advanced Drive-Assist display (5.0" in meter), Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)
- Low Tire Pressure Warning
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Front Airbags
- ABS And Driveline Traction Control
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- Outboard Front Lap And Shoulder Safety Belts -inc: Rear Center 3 Point, Height Adjusters and Pretensioners
- Side Impact Beams
- Rear Child Safety Locks
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Seat-Mounted Side Airbags
- Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
- Back-Up Camera
- Curtain 1st And 2nd Row Airbags
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All pricing and details are believed to be accurate, but we do not warrant or guarantee such accuracy. The prices shown above, may vary from region to region, as will incentives, and are subject to change. Vehicle information is based off standard equipment and may vary from vehicle to vehicle. Call or email for complete vehicle specific information.


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David Beckham for H&M
David Beckham for H&M
After the initial announcement, we can present today the first David Beckham Bodywear Collection by H&M. Underwear is never easy to shop, at least in our opinion. Most of the time we end up buying it from Uniqlo and other fast fashion retailers. As cheesy as this Beckham collaboration might come across at first, we have to admit that the outcoming collection looks very solid. T-shirts, longsleeves, boxers, broefs and more are featured in the overall 9 piece debut collection. Everything is kept in white, black and grey, with only the collection's logo tag distracting from the otherwise very clean design. The line is much more premium than what you would usually find in the H&M underwear/bodywear department and thus actually makes it a pretty good first attempt for us. Similar to his on-going collaboration with James Bond and adidas, Beckham offers up a premium, timeless collection, that we cannot hate on.
The collection at 1800 H&M stores on February 2nd, 2012.


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How to Make Easy Chocolate Fudge
Homemade fudge is an inexpensive and easy-to-cook holiday treat. When you make this chocolate fudge recipe, feel free to replace the nuts with chopped fruit, crushed candy canes or toffee, chopped peanut butter cups, or just leave it plain.
Making fudge to give as gifts is a Christmas tradition in many households. Set aside a chilly Saturday and let the children help you make assorted gifts for teachers and school friends.
Easy Chocolate Fudge
Special equipment: Candy thermometer
Preparation time: 15 minutes, plus 30 to 45 minutes cooling
Cooking time: 30 minutes
Yield: Sixty-four 1-inch pieces
6 tablespoons butter
4 ounces unsweetened chocolate, coarsely chopped
1 cup evaporated milk (not sweetened condensed milk), well shaken
3 cups superfine sugar
1/4 cup light corn syrup
Pinch of salt
1-1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract
1 cup chopped walnuts
Superfine sugar is finely ground granulated sugar and is available in supermarkets with the other sugars.
1Cut the butter into 1/2-inch cubes. Keep refrigerated.
2Melt the chocolate and evaporated milk in a heavy-bottomed medium pan over low heat, stirring constantly.
3Add the sugar, corn syrup, and salt. Increase the heat to medium-low and stir the mixture until the sugar dissolves. Wash down any sugar crystals on the side of the pan. Clip the candy thermometer on the pan and increase the heat to medium-high.
4Cook until the candy thermometer reads 238 degrees F. Occasionally stir gently just to scrape the bottom. Remove the pan from the heat. Add the vanilla. Do not stir. Dot the surface of the chocolate with the butter. Do not stir. Allow to cool, undisturbed, to 110 degrees F, about 30 to 45 minutes.
5Meanwhile, line an 8-x-8-inch pan with aluminum foil, leaving a 2-inch overhang. Lightly grease.
6Stir the chocolate with a wooden spoon until it starts to thicken. Quickly add the walnuts and pour into the pan. Cool completely.
You can leave out the walnuts and replace them with 1 cup of pecans, pistachios, dried sweetened coconut, or dried fruit.
Store in an airtight container for up to 2 weeks.


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PHOENIX (Wednesday January 20, 2011) - Attorney General Tom Horne today announced his office has filed an appearance in U.S. v. Arizona, the Obama administration's federal court challenge to S.B. 1070. Attorney General Horne is appearing as counsel for the State of Arizona and will work with Governor Brewer's counsel, who have been defending the Governor and the State in numerous federal court lawsuits challenging S.B. 1070.
"I promised the people of Arizona that as the top law enforcement officer of this state, I would vigorously defend state law," Horne said. "Today I am fulfilling my vow to defend S.B. 1070 in the courts against the attack by the Obama administration challenge to the law."
He added, "It is the responsibility of the federal government to secure the international border. Despite the claims of members of the Obama Administration that the border is 'as secure as it's ever been', the evidence is to the contrary. There are far too many incidents of violence – including the recent murder of a Border Patrol Agent – drug and human smuggling, kidnappings and other criminal acts along the border that must be dealt with swiftly and aggressively. S.B. 1070 is an important tool in that effort."
Horne concluded, "I would urge the Obama Administration to drop its challenge of the law and allow Arizona to utilize every legal means at our disposal to combat crime along the border. Absent that action, I will use my office as Attorney General to defend S.B. 1070 all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, if necessary."
Editors: Attached is a link to a brief video of Tom Horne discussing today's action. Broadcast outlets are free to use this video/audio.


text: Is there analog of Lie algebra for the case of topological groups which are not necessarily differentiable manifolds, and in particular for finite groups? here by "analog" i mean that it should have similar kind of relations to given group as of a finite dimensional Lie algebra with its corresponding Lie group. for example there should be some analog of "Exponential map"; Every linear representation of group should also be a linear representation of its algebra, and this should be in some sense compatible with the exponential map between the two; etc


text:
MISENHEIMER, N.C. - In the battle of the top two teams in Conference Carolinas, it was visiting Lees-McRae who walked away with a 3-0 (25-22, 28-26, 25-16) victory over Pfeiffer University in women's volleyball action on Tuesday night in Merner Gym. As a team, Lees-McRae picked up 20 more kills on offensive and 20 more digs on defense than Pfeiffer in the victory. The win pushes the Bobcats to the top of the conference at 12-1, 21-5 overall while the Lady Falcons see their 12-match conference win streak come to an end, suffering their first home defeat falling to 12-2, 17-10.
Pfeiffer jumped out to a 4-0 lead in the opening set on a pair of kills by freshman Jordan O'Bryant (Reidsville, NC) and a pair of attack errors by Lees-McRae. The Bobcats fought back to tie the contest at nine on a kill by Megan Epperson (St. John, IN) taking the set lead for good at 17-16 on Taylor Strice's (Franklin, TN) lone kill of the match. Whitney Justice (Connelly Springs, NC) registered two of her seven set one kills late to give the Bobcats a 25-22 set one win.
The second set needed long rallies extra points to decide a winner. Kills by the Lady Falcons' Vanessa Gerig (Towanda, IL) and Kristina Mordini (Freeport, IL) brought Pfeiffer back on top early at 8-6. Mordini gave the Lady Falcons their biggest lead of the set with another kill at 19-14 before Katie-Marie Legg (Alta Loma, CA) brought the Bobcats back on her own. After a pair of kills by Justice, Legg would reel off four straight kills to give Lees-McRae the advantage and an eventual 2-0 match lead.
In the final stanza, Trisha Reese (Hanover, PA) would spring the Bobcats from the starting gate, cruising to a 25-16 set three and 3-0 match win. O'Bryant threw down another one of her nine kills to square the contest early at 4-4, but Justice and Legg for Lees-McRae would take over. After Legg's attack error knotted the contest at eight apiece, the senior would redeem herself with five kills over the final stretch of points, including the match clincher, to give the Bobcats a sweep of the Lady Falcons.
Lees-McRae hit .283 in the match which includes .300 in set one followed by .357 in set three. Pfeiffer struggled offensively hitting at just .068 for the night. The Bobcats also out dug the Falcons 47-27, kills 48-28 and doubled up the hosts 8-4 in the block department.
Justice finished the night with a match-high 16 kills while Legg finished two back at 14. Freshman setter Megan Mitchell (Minden, NV) contributed by throwing out 39 assists. For Pfeiffer, O'Bryant concluded the evening with a team-high nine kills while Gerig chipped in with 22 helpers.
With five matches remaining for both teams, Lees-McRae now controls their own destiny in the conference, with their next three matches at home. Pfeiffer will get back to Conference Carolinas action on Thursday with a 7:00 p.m. road matchup at Limestone.


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My San Jose - Your new way to request City Services
Report potholes, graffiti, illegal dumping, abandoned vehicles and more. Download the app from the
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My San Jose features right here
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San José Municipal Water System Customers
To pay your bill online, or sign up for automatic or recurring payments, use
E-Bill Express
. By following this link, you will leave the City of San José website. Have your account number and amount ready.
To pay your bill by phone 24 hours a day, call (866) 551-5253.
The ability to view your bills online will be available soon.
Recycling & Garbage - Single-Family Residential Customers
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Santa Clara County Secured Property Tax bill
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Recycling & Garbage - Apartments and condominiums with communal garbage service and mobile home parks
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Please call DOT's 24-Hour Emergency Dispatch Center to report sewer back-ups, storm flooding, missing / damaged traffic signs, potholes, malfunctioning traffic signals, broken tree limbs and other non-life threatening emergencies.
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text:
Game Information
- Original System:
- Arcade
- Developer:
- Unknown
- Gameplay Style:
- Hack'n'Slash
Release and Version Information
These are versions of the game that have been released to the public. There are of course other releases such as pirate copies/compilations and preview/demo copies in which various aspects of the game may be different, some of which may be found listed in the Collectables section.
Sorry, release data for this game is not currently available.
No overview currently available.


text:
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Tag Archives: Wish You Were Here
Talking about Pink Floyd at Thinktank Planetarium
Andy Mabbett will be giving talks about three Pink Floyd albums, at the Planetarium at Thinktank, in central Birmingham, in August/ September 2011. Continue reading
Posted in about me, Birmingham, Pink Floyd Tagged Dark Side of the Moon, digbeth, fulldome, lecture, Millennium Point, Pink Floyd, planetarium, talk, The Wall, ThinkTank, Wish You Were Here, WYWH 1 Comment


text:
Student Association
LESSA: the Legal Studies Student Association
LESSA provides the legal studies students of UIS with a central forum for social and academic intercourse with other legal studies students. All students who are enrolled in the Legal Studies Program, or who are interested in legal studies, are eligible to become members of LESSA.
If you are interested in joining LESSA please contact Professor Bill Jordan
- Telephone: (217) 206-7880
- E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
You may also contact the Legal Studies graduate assistant at (217) 206-7826.


text:
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text:
Politics & Government
Bunning refuses to release poll results, curses reporters
WASHINGTON — Kentucky Sen. Jim Bunning cursed at reporters during a telephone press call and refused to release the results of an internal political poll on Tuesday.
The poll results are "none of your g--d--- business," Bunning told reporters.
When a reporter asked if Bunning's decision to keep the poll numbers private infers that he isn't happy with the results, he responded: "You are going to infer any damn thing you choose, so why should I try to influence it."
For the past few months, Bunning has sparred with members of GOP leadership and the media as both questioned whether the senator can mount a strong bid for a third term. For weeks, reporters pressed and Bunning promised to share the results of a campaign poll conducted in late February. The results are seen as a critical test of Bunning's viability to potential campaign donors and voters.
Traditionally, incumbents look for two basic things in internal polls to assess their political health: ballot support above or close to 50 percent (with the incumbent getting at least 80 percent support from members of his party and winning handily among independents) and a favorable image, said Neil Newhouse, a partner and GOP pollster at Public Opinion Strategies.
It is unclear whether Bunning has met that threshold.
"If the news had been good they would have released it to quiet the critics and help with fund-raising," said Jennifer Duffy, a senior analyst with the Cook Political Report.
Bunning will also need to ramp up efforts to get key campaign staffers in place to adequately handle this phase of what will likely prove a high profile campaign.
"He should have a full time fund-raiser. They don't need a media consultant right now, but at this point he should at least know who the manager is going to be," Duffy said.
Bunning is still searching for a campaign manager. Though he has a fund-raising staffer in Kentucky and another fund-raiser in Washington D.C, he has also struggled to raise money.
Bunning's campaign reported having about $150,000 on hand as of the most recent Federal Election Commission filing — far less than the $1 million to $2 million that political experts suggest Bunning would need by the end of the first quarter to mount a successful run.
"If Senator Bunning's goal has been to raise money, it sure looks like he's kept that a closely guarded secret, and he's only got himself to blame for it," Newhouse said. "After all, at its base, fund-raising success is usually a function of popularity."
Bunning is quite unpopular among some segments of the Republican Party these days.
Bunning, a Hall of Fame pitcher, has railed against fellow Kentuckian, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, and the National Republican Senatorial Committee's chairman, Sen. John Cornyn of Texas, over support for his re-election efforts.
In January, McConnell told reporters at the National Press Club in Washington that he didn't know if Bunning planned to seek re-election. Bunning said the senior senator must have suffered a memory lapse because Bunning told McConnell of his re-election intentions in early December.
Cornyn made similar comments but has since said the NRSC fully supports Bunning's campaign efforts.
According to reports in several publications, Bunning told lobbyists at a National Mining Association fund-raiser last month in Washington that he would resign if he is unable to raise money and garner broader support in his campaign for a third term. Bunning denied the reports.
Both McConnell and the NRSC declined to comment on the reports of Bunning's threat to resign.
Bunning's public slips of the tongue make some GOP insiders cringe, further undermining his support.
Last month, Bunning said U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who's being treated for pancreatic cancer, would be dead by year's end. Bunning apologized for the statement.
But beyond the bluster over insults and in fighting, numbers remain Bunning's biggest challenge.
Senate candidates that would otherwise be considered "safe" tend to have large war chests and savvy staffs at the ready, Duffy said. Sen. Richard Shelby, R-Ala., has millions stashed for his re-election bid and Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, a favorite target of Democrats, is often financially prepared to rebuff challengers.
By contrast, former Sen. Elizabeth Dole, R-N.C., had a harder time beating back a challenge from Sen. Kay Hagan, D-N.C during the 2008 elections.
"It was harder for her to play a competitive game because she wasn't ready," Duffy said. "The question is: Does the professional athlete in (Bunning) believe you can come back at the bottom of the ninth?"


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The Awkward Money Convo: Tips for Raising Money for Your Race
Because in addition to most race-entry fees costing some serious bones, you might (read: probably will) be required to do some fundraising.
And if you're all like "WTF. I have to pay $120 to enter the race, then buy running shoes, a tri kit, a wetsuit, a bike, a helmet, cycling shoes, sunglasses and a serious supply of Aquaphor. And on top of that you need me to raise a four-figure number for a charity?!"
Well, you're not alone. It's a pretty big financial responsibility. But it doesn't have to be such a pain in the ass.
I tapped tri pro and fundraising queen Kendra Goffredo (pictured here, killin' it at IRONMAN championships in Kona, HI) for tips on how to make asking people for a lot of money not only easy, but enjoyable -- and because her story is so dang inspiring.
First, a little history on Goffredo: As of November 2010, she didn't know how to swim and she didn't own a bike. She just knew how to run. Still, she signed up for IRONMAN Arizona 2011 [LINK TO ]. (Bananas, right?!) She did this because of her father, Poppy Tony. He's fighting multiple myeloma, a bone cancer without a cure. Although progress has been made in treating the disease, the five-year average survival rate remains one of the lowest of all cancers. It is also one that Poppy Tony has well outlived: 10 years and counting! If he could outperform all odds, so could Goffredo cover distances she never thought possible. And in her first year of triathlon-ing, she completed four full IRONMAN races and won the amateur title at IRONMAN US Championship. High-freaking-five, homegirl. We're seriously impressed.
So for more on her fundraising story, I Q'd, she A'd. Here's how it went down.
JE: Since you started racing in 2009, you've raised nearly $50,000 for the MMRF, right?
KG: More than $55,000, actually.
JE: Wowza. How?
KG: In both old-school and innovative ways.
JE: Go on...
KG: First, I created a campaign called, "Team Poppy Tony" for my father. This demonstrated that the MMRF was a foundation that I believed in, and that I didn't view any donations simply as a way to grab a bib for a sold out marathon or tri.
Then I sent emails to family, friends, classmates, and colleagues to let them know about Team Poppy Tony, multiple myeloma, and about the great work that the MMRF does for people like my father. I also highlighted my race goals and included info about the type of training I would undergo to reach those goals. I included the link for easy online donations.
JE: Do you ever use social media?
KG: I posted huge milestones (e.g., first 50-mile ride, first 4,000-yard swim, 2 months until race day) to Twitter and Facebook with status updates like, "Today I biked 50 miles: one step closer to completing a full IRONMAN. Join Team Poppy and bring us one step closer to a cure for multiple myeloma," or "On my 100 mile bike ride today, I burned nearly 2000 calories. Join Team Poppy Tony and burn calories vicariously through me."
I also post "Team Poppy Tony Fun Facts" on my blog, which tell stories of my father's impact on my life, as well as highlight other family and friends who have supported Team Poppy Tony. These fun facts are part of building the community around the cause, and helping people see that the MMRF is making a difference in the lives of real people.
JE: How do you thank donors?
KG: I give public recognition to all donors on Facebook and send personal notes (hand-written, snail mail on a picture of my family) to all donors expressing heartfelt gratitude for their contribution.
JE: What do you do when there's a lull in contributions?
KG: I like to call that "fundraiser fatigue." When that happens, you have to get innovative.
JE: And how have you done that?
KG: Once I organized a huge raffle and silent auction for more than 300 local triathletes and cyclists for (the grand prize was a $3,000 road bike along with $9,000 in other goodies from top gear brands like Oakley, Pearl Izumi, Rev3, and Roxy). I leveraged relationships with triathlon shops and companies, race and camp directors, and other local shops to collect these prize donations. That night I raised $13,000 (!!!) for MMRF.
JE: Dang! That's a big-time accomplishment. But to be frank, it sounds like a lot of work. What's the easiest way for someone to raise funds?
KG: To send emails with a clear purpose sharing the charity's mission, the importance it has to you, and your goals for the upcoming race.
JE: Old-school. I like it. And what's this "gift-matching" thing people talk about. That sounds pretty easy, too?
KG: Some companies match donations made by their employees. My cousin donated $100 and since his company pledges to "match" all donations made to non-profit organizations, he filled out some paperwork and the MMRF received a total of $200 from my cousin's single donation.
JE: Awesome. But still, being required to raise a lump sum on top of the entry fee, gear costs, and training regimen can be enough to discourage someone from racing at all. So what kind of advice do you have for those people?
KG: Find a charity with a mission that moves you.
JE: You make it sounds so easy.
KG: There are so many people in this world who, for financial, physical, or cultural reasons, cannot participate in triathlon or other endurance sports. Those of us who are healthy enough to swim-bike-run, who are in a position to afford running shoes, who live in communities where it is safe to train, and in countries where our sex does not prohibit our participation in athletics, owe it to the rest of our brothers and sisters who, for financial, physical, or cultural reasons, can't swim-bike-run. When a racer finds a cause she believes in, the cause can help to motivate her to run for those who can't. For example, every time I step into my running shoes, I acknowledge that I am doing something that my father once loved to do, taught me to do, but can no longer do himself because of the toll that cancer has taken on his bones. When I race, I race for both of us.
JE: Amen! So you'd say even though it can be another thing to worry about on your already slammed to-do list, it's worth it in the end?
KG: Fundraising for a race is providing deeper meaning to an otherwise selfish pursuit. Time spent training is time spent away from one's friends, children, and community. Using sport to raise funds and awareness allows the racer's sweat equity to add value to the lives of cancer fighters, wounded warriors, underprivileged children, and others in need of support. Training and racing for someone other than oneself can provide the unmotivated triathlete with a push out of out the front door. When I train, I train for multiple myeloma fighters, many of whom are not healthy enough to swim-bike-run themselves. That reminder helps me reject the excuses my sleep-loving-self invents when the alarms sounds at 5am. My training is more consistent and focused because I don't make it about me.
So basically, fundraising doesn't have to be a burden. And Goffredo rocks. And so does Poppy Tony. If you are moved to donate to their cause, here's the link, again.
Image Credit: Courtesy of Kendra Goffrey


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ISU student gets Super Bowl internship
An Iowa State University student is about to get a super opportunity.
"I look at the field and I critically analyze it," said Kevin Hansen, an ISU student. "I critique everything now, it seems like. You want it as uniform as possible. Same color, same density and just all around uniformity."
Saturdays in the fall, Hansen was at Jack Trice field in Ames for his internship. Then he worked in Green Bay at Lambeau Field with the Packers.
"It was actually really nerve wracking because there are people around watching and making sure I don't mess up -- ruin the whole season for Green Bay," said Hansen.
But that's nothing compared to what's next.
"They said I got it and I can't even remember the rest of the call really. It just took a while to sink in," said Hansen.
The Boone native is the only college intern in America to work on the field for this year's biggest game, the Super Bowl.
"Still, I mean we'll have to repaint the logos because it's New Orleans. We don't know which teams will be there yet but it takes a while to get everything painted up," said Hansen.
He'll be helping while getting a close up view of what's going on.
"Some really big names. I mean some of the people who've been in it since the beginning," said Hansen.
Some of America's greenest thumbs are giving him the ultimate backstage pass.
"I never dreamed I'd go to the Super Bowl, let alone be right on the sideline for it," said Hansen.
Most fields get one coat of paint on the logos before game day. The Super Bowl actually goes over them five times to make sure the field looks perfect on TV -- a job that'll keep Kevin busy all week.


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23 July is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years). There are 161 days remaining until the end of the year.
- 1991: Petunia Dursley takes her son Dudley to London to purchase his uniform for Smeltings Academy. Harry Potter is left in the care of Arabella Figg, who is nicer to him than normal, letting him watch television and offering him chocolate cake. That evening, Dudley shows off his new uniform, to the pride of his parents.[1]
Behind the scenes
- 1989: Daniel Radcliffe, who plays the title character Harry Potter, is born.[2]
Notes and references
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Chapter 3 (The Letters from No One)
- ↑ See this cite note on Radcliffe's page
External links
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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- [Sep 07, 2009]CAS Headquarters
- [Jun 24, 2013]Beijing Branch
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- [Sep 08, 2009]Guangzhou Branch
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- [Sep 08, 2009]Kunming Branch
- [Sep 08, 2009]Xi'an Branch
- [Sep 08, 2009]Lanzhou Branch
- [Sep 08, 2009]Xinjiang Branch
From the President
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences looks back proudly on 2012 as a year of world-class scientific achievements as well as a year of organizational reform designed to foster even greater results. Last year, CAS honed ideas and concepts formulated over the past two years into an initiative called "Innovation 2020". At the heart of this initiative is the goal of transforming CAS into an organization defined by democratization, openness and reliance on talent. CAS has achieved broad consensus for this program, which will enhance research freedom, improve research quality, deploy resources more efficiently and bring greater benefit to society, while integrating CAS's functions as a research institution, higher education organization and academic society.
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By Mark Salay, Daily Nexus
The UCSB softball team enters its final series of the season this weekend with a chance of winning the Big West for the first time in the program's history. There is no doubt that the Gauchos would not be in this position if not for the stellar play of junior shortstop Keilani Jennings.
Appearing in every game this season on her way to leading the team in doubles, walks and home runs, the Newbury Park native always expected to play softball collegiately. What she did not expect were the many hurdles she had to overcome once her dream to step onto the field for the Gauchos became a reality.
"Coming in my freshman year, it was completely different," Jennings said. "The game was faster [in college]. Everyone was more competitive and it was more serious."
A part of Head Coach Brie Galicinao's first recruiting class, it was Jennings' athleticism and strong arm that got the attention of Galicinao.
"I saw her at one of the summer showpiece tournaments; I wasn't planning to go meet her," Galicinao said. "I went out and it so happened I was sitting in between two fields and she was playing on one and she caught my eye."
The decision for Jennings to attend UCSB was an easy choice for her, as she immediately fell in love with the campus upon her first visit and saw it as the perfect combination of scenery and education.
"I picked UCSB when I went on my recruiting visit," Jennings said. "The second I got to campus I just got that vibe that I knew where I wanted to go — I loved the location and loved the academic aspect of it. It was just a feeling I guess."
Jennings came into the program as a freshman ready to make an immediate impact, starting the first nine games of her career. However, Jennings suffered a devastating setback when she broke her leg, sidelining her for the rest of the season.
"That was literally the first time I've ever been injured; I knew I wasn't going to be able to play for the rest of the year," Jennings said. "The second it happened I knew I broke my leg. It was definitely scary because I heard it crack and I was kind of in shock."
Despite suffering the season-ending injury, Jennings redshirted and returned the next year to lead the team in home runs and was one of three Gauchos to play in every single game, fulfilling the potential that was realized from her the year before.
Building on her strong sophomore campaign, Jennings began the 2011 season by playing in 41 games and leading the team in batting average, slugging percentage and home runs. All was going according to schedule until injury struck Jennings once again. This time, a torn ACL sidelined her with another season-ending injury.
"My second injury last year was harder; it was a different kind of feeling when you tear your ACL but I knew something was wrong because I wasn't able to get up," Jennings said. "It was really hard because your role as a teammate changes more as a supporter rather than actually being able to affect what's going on on the field."
Yet, despite suffering another devastating injury, Jennings was determined to come back and play for the Gauchos in her final two seasons of eligibility.
"I knew I would be able to come back," Jennings said. "I wanted it bad enough to be able to come back and play. It's the sport I love to play."
Now in her fourth year as a Gaucho, Jennings has not showed any signs of slowing down, playing a huge part in the run the team has made this season — a run that has UCSB within reach of a Big West title.
"She's come back from a lot; she's been working hard and putting in the work necessary to come back," Galicinao said. "Hitting in the fourth spot is challenging and she still has success hitting from that spot."
Because of her redshirt status, Jennings has the opportunity of becoming one of the greatest hitters in UCSB history before she leaves. Quickly climbing the record books, she currently ranks fourth overall for most home runs with 21, and has cracked the top 10 in doubles and runs batted in. However, even with a long list of statistical accolades to her name, Jennings still remains focused on the team goal of winning the Big West.
"I'm not one to focus on stats," Jennings said. "Coming into the season, obviously the big team goal is to be Big West champs. Individually, I just came in basically just wanting to play softball. I was mainly there for the team goal and coming in and focusing on everything little by little."
With the Big West Championship to be determined in the final weekend of the season, the Gauchos hope to make program history. But, looking ahead to next season, there is also reason for optimism — as long as Jennings is penciled into the lineup.


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Soft Service, a developer of wireless communications software, has released the new version of Wireless Communication Library (also known as Bluetooth Framework). Wireless Communication Library 6.5.8 is a VCL, MFC and .NET components library for software developers, enabling the addition of Bluetooth, IrDA and Serial support to applications.
WCL supports most Bluetooth drivers (BlueSoleil, Microsoft, Toshiba, WidComm/BroadComm), IrDA and Serial Ports. Along with a complete set of components for use with Borland Delphi, Borland Developer Studio, Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, Microsoft Visual C++ and Microsoft Visual Basic 6, Wireless Communication Library also includes a special component for development of Bluetooth Proximity Marketing software.
This component features Bluetooth device discovery, simultaneous data sending to multiple Bluetooth devices and listing the files to be sent. Moreover, this component allows managing the discovered devices, so that the application can selectively ignore certain devices and send advertisements to others. A number of various parameters provide an opportunity to make the sending process fast and steady.
WCL is compatible with WinXP (and higher) and features cross-platform support. There are three types of licenses: Lite, Personal, and Developer. All licenses can be used for developing commercial applications and are completely royalty free. A demo version is available at www.btframework.com/download.htm.


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CAMBRIDGE, MA -- The colorful leaves piling up in your backyard this fall can be thought of as natural stores of carbon. In the springtime, leaves soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, converting the gas into organic carbon compounds. Come autumn, trees shed their leaves, leaving them to decompose in the soil as they are eaten by microbes. Over time, decaying leaves release carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
In fact, the natural decay of organic carbon contributes more than 90 percent of the yearly carbon dioxide released into Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Understanding the rate at which leaves decay can help scientists predict this global flux of carbon dioxide, and develop better models for climate change. But this is a thorny problem: A single leaf may undergo different rates of decay depending on a number of variables: local climate, soil, microbes and a leaf's composition. Differentiating the decay rates among various species, let alone forests, is a monumental task.
Instead, MIT researchers have analyzed data from a variety of forests and ecosystems across North America, and discovered general trends in decay rates among all leaves. The scientists devised a mathematical procedure to transform observations of decay into distributions of rates. They found that the shape of the resulting curve is independent of climate, location and leaf composition. However, the details of that shape -- the range of rates that it spans, and the mean rate -- vary with climatic conditions and plant composition. In general, the scientists found that plant composition determines the range of rates, and that as temperatures increase, all plant matter decays faster.
"There is a debate in the literature: If the climate warms, do all rates become faster by the same factor, or will some become much faster while some are not affected?" says Daniel Rothman, a co-founder of MIT's Lorenz Center, and professor of geophysics in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. "The conclusion is that all rates scale uniformly as the temperature increases."
Rothman and co-author David Forney, a PhD graduate in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, have published the results of their study, based largely on Forney's PhD thesis, in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface.
Litter delivery
The team obtained data from an independent 10-year analysis of North American forests called the Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team (LIDET) study. For this study, researchers collected leaf litter -- including grass, roots, leaves and needles -- from 27 locations throughout North and Central America, ranging from Alaskan tundra to Panamanian rainforests.
The LIDET researchers separated and weighed each litter type, and identified litter composition and nutrient content. They then stored the samples in porous bags and buried the bags, each filled with a different litter type, in each of the 27 geographic locations; the samples were then dug up annually and reweighed. The data collected represented the mass of litter, of different composition, remaining over time in different environments.
Forney and Rothman accessed the LIDET study's publicly available data online, and analyzed each dataset: the litter originating at one location, subsequently divided and distributed at 27 different locations, and weighed over 10 years.
The team developed a mathematical model to convert each dataset's hundreds of mass measurements into rates of decay -- a "numerically delicate" task, Rothman says. They then plotted the converted data points on a graph, yielding a surprising result: The distribution of decay rates for each dataset looked roughly the same, forming a bell curve when plotted as a function of the order of magnitude of the rates -- a surprisingly tidy pattern, given the complexity of parameters affecting decay rates.
"Not only are there different environments like grasslands and tundra and rainforest, there are different environments at the microscale too," Forney says. "Each plant is made up of different tissues ... and these all have different degradation pathways. So there's heterogeneity at many different scales ... and we're trying to figure out if there's some sort of commonality."
Common curves
Going a step further, Forney and Rothman looked for parameters that affect leaf decay rates. While each dataset resembled a bell curve, there were slight variations among them. For example, some curves had higher peaks, while others were flatter; some curves shifted to the left of a graph, while others lay more to the right. The team looked for explanations for these slight variations, and discovered the two parameters that most affected the details of a dataset's curve: climate and leaf composition.
In general, the researchers observed, warmer climates tended to speed the decay of all plants, whereas colder climates slowed plant decay uniformly. The implication is that as temperatures increase, all plant matter, regardless of composition, will decay more quickly, with the same relative speedup in rate.
The team also found that plant matter such as needles that contain more lignin -- a sturdy building block -- have a smaller range or decay rates than leafier plants that contain less lignin and more nutrients that attract microbes. "This is an interesting ecological finding," Forney says. "Lignin tends to shield organic compounds, which may otherwise degrade at a faster rate."
Rothman adds that in the future, the team may use the model to predict the turnover times of various ecosystems -- a finding that may improve climate change models, and help scientists understand the flux of carbon dioxide around the globe.
"It's a really messy problem," Rothman says. "It's as messy as the pile of leaves in your backyard. You would think that each pile of leaves is different, depending on which tree it's from, where the pile is in your backyard and what the climate is like. What we're showing is that there's a mathematical sense in which all of these piles of leaves behave in the same way."
Written by Jennifer Chu, MIT News Office


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By accessing these datasets and applications, you agree to the Terms and Conditions, which you should read before accessing any dataset. For more information on how to use Arvada OpenData view our FAQ list.
The City of Arvada grants you a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license to use, modify, and distribute the datasets in all current and future media and formats for any lawful purpose.
This catalog was created in partnership with Open Colorado. For additional information visit Open Colorado Data Catalog.
To search for open data provided by other government organizations in Colorado please visit the Open Colorado Data Catalog.


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Door Seals for Commercial Freezers Gateshead
A broken door seal can cause your commercial freezer to work less efficiently. Our replacement doors seals will get your commercial freezers back in working order. A damaged freezer door seal will allow cold air to escape, which can result in extra food waste and cause potential health hazards for customers; thankfully, our team of freezer door replacement experts are on hand to meet your requirements in Gateshead.
Do you require replacement seals for your commercial freezers? We manufacture and fit seals on site for just about any make or model. Contact us on 01788 550100.
Do I need replacement doors seals for my commercial freezers?
If your commercial freezer shows any of these signs, then there's a good chance that it requires a replacement door seal:
- The door seal is peeling away from the freezer
- Pools of water at the bottom of your freezer
- There are tears on your freezer door seal
- Your freezer door seals are showing signs of mould
- Your freezer door does not remain closed
- Your freezer door seals appear stained
Have you spotted any of these signs of door seal damage on your commercial freezer? Contact us to have one of our professional engineers take a look.
Why are door seals for commercial freezers important?
A door seal acts as an airtight barrier between the inside and outside of your freezer, preventing cool air from escaping and warm air from coming in. If your freezer door seal becomes damaged, the appliance will need to work up to three times harder to ensure that its internal temperature stays consistent. This means it uses three times more energy, resulting in a significant increase in your energy bills.
As well as costing your business more money, a freezer with a damaged door seal can lead to food expiring more quickly, an increase in waste, and presents the risk of food poisoning due to food being stored at the incorrect temperature.
It is essential to replace your freezer door seals as soon as you begin to see signs of damage to preserve your establishment's budget and reputation. For more information on our replacement fridge and freezer door seal replacement service in Gateshead, don't hesitate to contact us!
We fit seals for:
Our FiltaSeal service
We manufacture all of our FiltaSeal replacement commercial freezer door seals on-site in our FiltaSeal Van with the use of patented technology. This allows us to create door seals for almost any make or model of commercial freezer. Our service can be offered on site in a single visit, with an engineer who can ensure you get the right freezer door seal with minimal disruption.
Contact us today to discuss your requirements for a replacement door seal for your commercial freezer. We work quickly and efficiently, and won't get in the way of your daily work.


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Photos & Videos
Reach Out
No matter where you are in the world, you can always reach out to end poverty.
Syria Refugee Crisis: What Would You Take With You?
If war showed up at your doorstep and you had only a few moments to escape with your life, what would you take with you? Clothes for you and your children? Keepsakes? The medicine you need to stay alive?
CARE Photos & Videos
Here you'll find a collection of many of our video playlists and photo galleries.


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Google under fire for Chavez doodle
Conservative bloggers hopped all over Google after the search engine giant on Sunday used its Google Doodle to recognize Cesar Chavez — and not Easter.
"March 31 marks the birthday of National Farm Workers Association (later United Farm Workers) co-founder Cesar Chavez," Breitbart's Ben Shapiro wrote. "Chavez, who was trained by Saul Alinsky in the tactics of community organizing, has become a cult figure in California due to his organization of agricultural workers. March 31 also happens to be another important date this year: Easter. So, naturally, Google's current logo features a graphic of Chavez's face, rather than anything having to do with Easter."
Story Continued Below
He added: "[As] millions of Christians return home from Easter vigil on the holiest day of their calendar, they are currently being greeted by Cesar Chavez in a white suit."
On the right-leaning The Daily Caller, Mickey Kaus hit Google and Chavez on his labor legacy.
"Google should google it: Cesar Chavez's legacy on illegal immigration may not be what Google thinks it is. … As a labor leader, Chavez realized that uncontrolled immigration undercut his workers' bargaining position — as late as 1979 he inveighed against 'illegal alien strikebreakers' before Congress. Some of his tactics were even less than Gandhiesque," Kaus wrote.
Michelle Malkin's Twitchy website also criticized Google's move.
"Yep. While two billion Christians around the world celebrate Easter Sunday on this 31st day of March, Google is using its famous 'Doodle' search logo art to mark the birth of left-wing labor leader Cesar Chavez. For real," Twitchy's staff wrote. "Google's Doodle logo overlords sure have a way of rubbing their politics in people's noses."
Google spokesperson Samantha Smith told POLITICO in a public statement that it's "difficult to choose" what to highlight in the Doodle.
"We enjoy celebrating holidays at Google but, as you may imagine, it's difficult for us to choose which events to highlight on our site. Sometimes for a given date we feature an historical event or influential figure that we haven't in the past," Smith said in a statement.
Meanwhile on the left, The Daily Kos's Markos Moulitsas rolled his eyes at a Twitchy post that had confused Cesar Chavez with Hugo Chavez, the controversial recently deceased Venezuelan president. An original Twitchy headline (which has since been updated) had stated: "While Google honors Hugo Chavez, Bing delivers Easter eggs."
"They changed it eventually, but too late to avoid looking like morons. I know, I know, all brown people look the same to that crowd. And two brown people named 'Chavez?' Who could expect them to get that straight? I mean, it's not like they were the only ones who got it wrong!" Moulitsas wrote.