text:
Copyright Law's "Idea/Expression Dichotomy" and Kate Spade, and Rihanna, and Kinder Aggugini, and Macy's, and the Beatles...
"How can I keep other people from stealing my idea?"
This seemingly simple question has bedeviled many an attorney practicing so-called "soft IP" law (shorthand for copyright, trademark, and basically all other intellectual property besides patents.) If you're interviewing a potential attorney, and he has to stop and think before answering this question, that is probably a good sign. Hire him.
Why is this a tough question? Because, as one Missy Chase Lapine (better known as Jessica Seinfeld's legal nemesis) learned the hard way, ideas are a tough sell under the U.S. Copyright Act. As Section 102(b) of the Act states in oppressively lawyerly fashion:
In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied in such work.
(Emphasis mine; phrasing Congress's.)
Or as the Second Circuit Court of Appeals has explained in less oppressively lawyerly fashion, "[i]t is an axiom of copyright law that the protection granted to a copyrightable work extends only to the particular expression of an idea and never to the idea itself."
N.B. Some of the items in the § 102 list ("methods of operation," "discoveries," etc.) may be protectable under patent law, but only under circumstances that those science-y "utility patent-type" lawyers can explain to you...
The Second Circuit's rule sounds simple enough; the thing is, it can prove difficult to apply to concrete, real-world disputes. For example, if someone writes a book about clever ways of "sneaking" vegetables into children's food, and someone else decides to write a book with the same goal but different recipes to use on the unwitting and undernourished children, has the first writer's copyright been infringed? Nope and nope (again, on appeal.) At least, not when the "total look and feel of the two works" -- that is, the expression of the underlying idea -- is readily distinguishable.
Fair enough (at least, as far as Ms. Seinfeld is concerned.) But once you get to the visual arts, as one federal judge recognized in a 2005 case, the good old idea/expression dichotomy "breaks down." The reason: "it is not clear that there is any real distinction between the idea in a work of art and its expression. An artist's idea, among other things, is to depict a particular subject in a particular way."
Yet the courts have dutifully pressed on, bravely resolving disputes that hinge on an arguably nonsensical question.
For example, in one case that is surely near and dear to some readers' hearts, a federal court ruled that a Kate Spade advertisement showing "a woman's feet, astride a toilet, in stylish, colorful shoes, with a handbag on the floor," merely embodied "an idea that has been used often in popular culture." Talented but out-of-luck fashion photographer Bill Diodato's earlier, unmistakably similar photo, failed to persuade the court that any legal wrong needed right-ing. (Immediately below are the two images, in their distorted version presented in the Complaint that initiated the lawsuit.)
More recently, another talented fashion photographer, David LaChapelle, sued Rihanna for similarities between the music video for her song "S&M" and an earlier series of S&M-themed photos by LaChapelle.
It seems fairly obvious in both the Kate Spade and the Rihanna cases that the second work was indeed "derived" from the first (to use LaChapelle's term.) But if the only thing copied was an idea, that "derivation" may not matter, since -- say it with me -- you can't copyright ideas.
Then again, federal copyright isn't the whole story in intellectual property disputes. Its loyal sidekick, trademark, has a way of popping up in just about every copyright dispute LOF covers. Why? If you can, ignore the pictures and focus on the text of this Daily Mail article for a moment -- in particular, the passage stating that "fans were buzzing about the video and wanting to know if David had directed it." If you're acquainted with the U.S. Lanham Act (or maybe even if you're not), you know that trademark infringement is, at root, about confusion. Or more precisely, likelihood of confusion "as to the origin, sponsorship, or approval of . . . goods [or] services." Unsurprisingly, one of the factors courts consider in assessing the likelihood of confusion in a given case is evidence of actual confusion. So if LaChapelle can turn this little anecdote about fan confusion into evidence that a judge (or jury) finds reliable -- say, a methodologically sound survey -- he might just have a successful trademark infringement claim on his hands. (IP attorneys: never fear, LOF will discuss the Dastar case and its impact on false authorship claims later.)
Another important caveat to the general "no protection for ideas" rule is a resilient state-law doctrine called "theft of idea," which is typically premised on a theory of implied contract -- namely, "I'll share my idea with you under the mutual understanding that, if you like it, you'll pay me in order to use it." As one might expect, courts have considered whether these state-law "theft of idea" claims are "preempted" by the federal Copyright Act. But according to the leading federal circuit court precedent on point, the verdict is No Preemption. (11/7/11: Supreme Court won't entertain arguments to the contrary.) At least, not if a "theft of idea" claim requires some "extra element" that a copyright claim would not. (Other state-law causes of action have been used to right the wrongful taking of ideas, but alas, there isn't time to discuss those right now.)
So all of this is very interesting, you are undoubtedly thinking, but why is LOF blogging about this today? Well, the all-important time peg behind this post is personal to LOF -- i.e., LOF happened to notice the following poster in the West 4th Street subway station, and decided to give readers their first pop quiz. So go ahead, take it in:
In case you're curious, this is an advertisement for designer Kinder Aggugini's new line for Macy's. Does the image remind you of anything? Yeah, I thought so.
So here's the promised pop quiz:
1) Are we looking at a copy of an idea or (more problematically, at least for Macy's) the expression of an idea?
2) Regardless of your answer to Question 1, do we have a trademark issue on our hands? Specifically, is a significant portion of the consuming public likely to be confused about the Beatles' (or Apple Records', or Abbey Road cover photographer Iain MacMillan's, or Michael Jackson's, or whoever owns the rights to Abbey Road now's) "sponsorship" or "approval" of the product advertised here?
LOF takes no position on these issues. But it will say, first, that the idea/expression dichotomy is tricky and should not be navigated without the help of a good attorney, and second, that trademark law is a thorny little thicket and requires the guidance of an ever better attorney.
[No legal advice here. Sorry, try again next time! Actually, don't -- nothing on this site should be construed as legal advice or relied upon in order to make any decision, big or small.]


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AS A JUNIOR IN 2008: Netted 15 goals with 16 assists in his third season on the La Jolla campus... helped the Tritons to a win over UC Davis with a goal in the Triton Invitational... tossed in a score in UCSD's 11-9 win over No. 11 Navy, head coach Denny Harper's 499th career win.
AS A SOPHOMORE IN 2007: Scored 17 goals with 15 assists during his second year at a Triton... scored a goal against UC Santa Cruz at the WWPA Championships... scored a goal against No. 8 UC Santa Barbara in a 13-10 loss... scored three goals in a 14-9 win over No. 16 Pacific.
AS A REDSHIRT FRESHMAN IN 2006: Appeared in 48 quarters with three goals, three steals and three assists... also drew three ejections during the year... saw action as UCSD's back-up goalkeeper, recording three saves in two quarters.
HIGH SCHOOL: Played for Coach Rob Tilburg at Torrey Pines High School where he earned Palomar League MVP, First Team All-CIF and All-American honors... named team MVP for two seasons and holds school records for career steals and career goals...also selected as the school's 2005 Scholar-Athlete of the Year.
PERSONAL: Born July 27, 1987 in Solana Beach, Calif.... parents are Bruce and Shirley Gresham... a Management Science major in Sixth College... hobbies include surfing and dancing.

subset: commoncrawl


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#1 *Updated* #OccupyWallStreet: The Rap Sheet, So Far
- Join Date
- Apr 2005
- Location
- Bavaria
- Posts
- 9,152
The list is in no particular order. Like the Occupiers themselves, its unruly, disorganized, messy and not focused solely on the nations media centers. The movement is spreading across America and bringing with it their outrageous and appalling behavior.
NY: 10/1/2011 Police Arrest More Than 700 Protesters on Brooklyn Bridge
Madison, WI: 10-27-2011 Madison Occupiers Lose Permit Due to Public Masturbation
Phoenix: 10/28/2011 Flier at Occupy Phoenix Asks, When Should You Shoot a Cop?
NY: 10/18/2011 Thieves Preying on Fellow Protesters
NY: 10/9/2011 Stinking up Wall Street: Protesters Accused of Living in Filth as Shocking Pictures Show One Demonstrator Defecating on a POLICE CAR
NY: 10/7/2011 Occupiers Rush Police More
Cleveland: 10/18/2011 Occupy Cleveland Protester Alleges She Was Raped
NY: 10/10/2011 Increasingly Debauched: Are Sex, Drugs & Poor Sanitation Eclipsing Occupy Wall Street?
Seattle: 10/18/2011 Man Accused of Exposing Self to Children Arrested
10/12/2011 Iran Supports Occupy Wall Street
Portland: 10/16/2011 #OccupyPortland Protester Desecrates Memorial To U.S. War Dead
Portland: 10/15/2011 #OccupyPortland Protesters Sing F*** The USA
Chicago: 10/17/2011 COMMUNIST LEADER Cheered at Occupy Chicago
10/15/2011 American Nazi Party Endorses Occupy Wall Streets Courage, Tells Members to Support Protests and Fight Judeo-Capitalist Banksters
Boston: 10/14/2011 Coast Guard member spit on near Occupy Boston tents
Boston: 10/11/2011 Boston Police Arrest Over 100 from Occupy Boston
New York: 10/11/2011 You Can Have Sex with Animals.
New York: 10/15/2011 Harassing Police with Accusations of Phony Injuries
New York: 10/9/2011 Occupy Wallstreet Protesters Steal from Local Businesses
New York: 10/25/2011 Three Men Threatened to Kill 24-Year-Old Occupy Wall Street Protester for Reporting Rape
Baltimore: 10/18/2011 #OccupyBaltimore Discourages Sexual Assault Victims from Contacting Police
Portland: 10/27/2011 Occupy Portlands Attempt At Wealth Redistribution Ends In Theft
Los Angeles: 10/14/2011 Anti-Semitic Protester at Occupy Wall Street
10/27/2011 A Death Threat From an Occupy Wall Street Protester
10/27/2011 Anti-Semitic Tweet From Occupier or Sympathizer
Boston: 10/20/2011 Occupy Boston Doesnt Want Police Involved in Rape
New York: 10/5/2011: Anti-Semitic Occupier Screams About Jews, Israel
New York: 10/4/2011 Occupier Taunts Jewish Man
Boston: 10/2011 Occupiers Block Street
New York: 10/2011 Occupier Tries to Steal Police Officers Gun
New York: 10/27/2011 Occupiers Block Traffic, Get Arrested
Oakland: 10/27/2011 Occupiers Throw Garbage at Police
Oakland: 10/19/2011 Abusive #OccupyOakland Protesters Ban Media from Tent City
Eugene, OR: 10/19/2011 Occupiers Displace Farmers Market Threatening Hundreds of Jobs
Portland, OR: 10/18/2011 Capitalist Offering Jobs at Occupy Portland Finds Few Takers
NY: 10/20/2011 #OccupyWallStreet Threatens Businesses, Patrons
NY: 10/14/2011 Violence Breaks Out During #OccupyWallStreet March Toward Stock Exchange
NY: 10/14/2011 Protesters March On Wall Street, Scuffle With Cops
Oakland: 10/19/2011 #OccupyOakland Protesters Threaten Reporter
Oakland: 10/26/2011 Occupiers Scuffle with Police
Oakland: 10/24/2011 Protesters Storm, Vandalize, Shut Down Chase Bank
Dayton, OH: 10/22/2011 Protester: F*ck The Military, F*ck Your Flag, And F*ck The Police
Chicago: 10/14/2011 Protesters Message At #OccupyChicago Rally: Destroy Israel
NY: 10/23/2011 #OccupyWallStreet Supporter Rants Against Israel, Jews
NY: 10/22/2011 #Occupy Kid: Burn Wall Street, Burn!
NY: 10/21/2011 New Yorkers Fed Up With Noisy, Defecating Protesters
Oakland: 10/21/2011 Occupy Oakland Evicted After Reports Of Crime And Intimidation
Oakland: 10/19/2011 #OccupyOakland Out of Control: Rats, Graffiti, Vandalism, Sexual Harassment, Public Sex and Urination
Chicago: 10/26/2011 Occupiers Under Investigation by FBI for Links to Terrorism
Cleveland: 10/29/2011 Rape Reported at Occupy Cleveland
Dallas: 10/24/2011 Police Investigating Possible Sexual Assault Of Teen At Occupy Dallas
Bloomington, IN: 10/26/2011 Man Claims Occupy Bloomington Protesters Drugged, Handcuffed Him
NY: 10/10/2011 Sex, Drugs and Hiding from the Law at Wall Street Protests
Glasgow: 10/26/2011 Woman Gang-Raped
Boston: 10/23/2011 Occupy Boston Protesters Arrested For Dealing Heroin With 6 Year-Old in Tent
Portland: 10/16/2011 Sex Offender Registers Occupy Portland Camp as Address
Denver: 10/15/2011 Occupy Denver Demonstrator Accused of Groping TV Photographer
Lawrence, KS: 10/25/2011 Sexual Assault Reported at Occupy Camp
Minneapolis, MN: Bricks, Rocks, Riot Supplies Discovered by Police
Phoenix, AZ: 10/27/2011 Neo-Nazis Patrol Occupy Phoenix With AR-15′s
Chicago: 10/26/2011 Occupy Chicago Invades City Hall
10/26/2011 ACORN, Occupy Email Talks About Assault on Banks
10/26/2011 OccupyWallStreet Strategy for Reports of Violence Against Cops
Chicago: 10/26/2011 Unrepentant Domestic Terrorist Bill Ayers Wows Occupiers
Chicago: 10/25/2011 Ayers Coaches #OccupyChicago, Callsg for School Occupations
10/26/2011/ Occupy Protests Have Jewish Leaders Concerned
Wash DC: 10/27/2011 OccupyDC Leftists Provoke Police Hang Flag on Top of DC Statue
Albuquerque, NM: 10/26/2011 Occupy Squatters Riot With Police
San Diego: 10/25/2011 Flag Used as Chew Toy by Occupiers Dog
Oakland: 10/25/2011 Occupiers Throw Bottles at Police
NY: 10/27/2011 Occupy Wall Street Protesters: Rush Limbaugh Is Bigger Threat Than Al-Qaeda
10/27/2011 Occupy Wall Street Launching First Nationwide General Strike in America Since 1946
NY: 10/28/2011 Fox 5 News Reporter Assaulted at OWS
10/28/2001 Total Occupy Arrests Made Thus Far: 2750
Nashville: 10/28/2011 30 Arrests Made at Wall St. Protest
NY: 10/20/2011 Former Marine Tries to Taunt Police into Violence
NY: 1023/2011 Islamist Group Joins with Occupy Wall Street
Los Angeles: 10/13/2011 Roundup of Overt Occupy anti-Semitism
NY: 10/12/2011 There are No Anti-Semites at Occupy Wall Street. Except for This Guy
Missoula, MT: 10/20/2011 Drunk 11-Year-Old At Occupy Missoula, Adult Arrested
Oakland: 10/28/2011 Bounty Out On Police Officer?
Manchester, NH: 10/28/2011 Woman charged with pimping teen recruited at Occupy NH rally
San Diego: 10/28/2011 40 Occupiers arrested
Boston: 10/24/2011 Occupy Boston Vandalism of Banks
Boston: 10/25/2011 Store Owner Suffers 4 Break Ins Since Occupy Boston Began
Portland: 10/28/2011 Portland Police: Buckets of Excrement Scattered Around #OccupyPortland Camp
Seattle: 10/20/2011 Two Possible Occupiers Charged With Assault
Seattle: 10/18/2011 Armed Felon Arrested at Occupy Seattle
Seattle: 10/18/2011 A Tent Fight and (At Least) One Arrest at Occupy Seattle
Seattle: 10/17/2011 Over 50 Cops Clear Westlake Occupation, Make Eight Arrests
Seattle: 10/13/2011 Cops Arrest Several Occupy Protesters
Seattle: 10/13/2011 Chanting Protesters Surround Police After Officers Arrest Two
Denver: 10/29/2011 Protesters Clash with Police at OWS Denver
Austin: 10/13/2011 Occupy Austin protesters arrested for blocking cleaning Crews
Calgary, CN: 10/28/2011 Occupiers do $40,000 in Property Damage
Cincinnati, OH: 10/21/2011 23 Arrested, Remains of protests fill two dumpsters
Sacramento: 10/19/2011 9 arrested in Occupy Sacramento protest
Sacramento: 10/13/2011 Four More Occupy Sacramento Demonstrators Arrested
Austin, TX: 10/22/2011 Man Arrested After Knife Incident at Occupy Austin Camp
Nashville: 10/29/2011 Tenn. Protesters Arrested For 2nd Straight Night
Recently, President Obama said that the Occupiers are just like the Tea Party.
Thats a lie.
10-30-2011, 09:09 AMMay the FORCE be with you!
10-30-2011, 12:57 PMWall Street protesters in Zuccotti Park battened down the hatches yesterday as the early October snow turned their tents into igloos, but the close quarters also made easy pickings for one predator.
A sex fiend barged into a womans tent and sexually assaulted her at around 6 a.m., said protesters, who chased him from the park.
Pervert! Pervert! Get the f--k out! said vigilante Occupiers, who never bothered to call the cops.
They were shining flashlights in his face and yelling at him to leave, said a woman who called herself Leslie, but refused to give her real name.
She said that weeks earlier another woman was raped.
We dont tell anyone, she said. We handle it internally. I said too much already.
More peaceable behaviour.
This whole thing, the difference between the Tea Party and OWS and how it's being portrayed in the media, if this doesn't show a glaring bias in the media, nothing does. The only news network, surprise surprise, who is reporting the asshattery of the OWS has been Fox News and as for print media, newspapers like the NY Post(right leaning) are few and far between. Even international news organizations, who are decidedly left, are reporting OWS as something peaceful and positive. And it's a shame. Even if the message OWS was valid, the violence and out and out asshattery should be reported.Progressivism is a bottomless pit of absurdity.
10-31-2011, 12:40 AM"The individual has always had to struggle to keep from being overwhelmed by the tribe. To be your own man is hard business. If you try it, you will be lonely often, and sometimes frightened. But no price is too high to pay for the privilege of owning yourself." Rudyard Kipling - (1865-1936)
- Join Date
- Nov 2008
- Location
- Florida. The Cuban Part.
- Posts
- 3,007
Context doesn't matter to this liberal it seems/ as long as it satisfies his godless dreams/ like monkeys throwing sh!t as castles in air/ as long as he throws/that is the extent of his care.
- Join Date
- Apr 2005
- Location
- Bavaria
- Posts
- 9,152
10-31-2011, 01:20 PMProgressivism is a bottomless pit of absurdity.
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text:
The Monticello Buckarooo football team treated the homeocomoing crowd to a welcome treat with a resounding 51-6 thumping of the Altamont Longhorns Friday night in Monticello.
Senior running back Austin Maloy scored four touchdowns, kicked a fieldgoal, and booted four extra points to do most of the damage offensively for the Bucks, who were coming off a close loss to the Rich Rebels last Friday.
The Buckaroos warmed up the frozen fans right from the first when the Longhorns fumbled the opening kickoff that the Bucks obligingly pounced on. Two Austin Maloy carries later and Monticello was on the board, 7-0, just seconds into the game as Maloy scored from two yards out.
Makade Maloy interecepted the Longhorns first offering on their next possession and returned the pick to the nine yard line, after which Austin M scored again on a nine yard jaunt right up the middle of the stunned Altamont defense.
Less than two minutes into the game, the Bucks led 14-0. After a Longhorn punt on the next possession, the Bucks took over on the Altamont 35 yard line scored in six plays, with Dillon Maughan getting the touchdown on another 13 yard run up the gut. 21-0.
The Longhorns regrouped and started a drive of their own pushing the ball from their own 30 down to the Buckaroo 38 yard line before a fumble was recovered by Tobyn Esplin.
After Cole Eldredge rumbled for 14 yards, Austin Maloy outran the entire Longhorn team to the endzone from 48 yards out. With a two point conversion on a pass from Maughan to Makade, it was 29-0 with 2:19 left in the first quarter.
Altamont almost scored in the second quarter but an Austin Maloy interception stopped a Longhorn drive on the Buckaroo seven yard line. A procedure penalty and two incomplete passes forced the Bucks to punt from the endzone.
The Longhorns capitalized and scored in two plays from the 19 yard line. The Bucks added a nifty touchdown as the first half ended on a beautiful 48 yard TD pass from Maloy (Makade) to Maloy (Austin) giving the Bucks a 35-6 halftime lead.
The Bucks kept up the pressure, scoring on their first two possessions of the second half, a 10 yard Maughan carry and a 22 yard blast by Hunter Bowring. Maloy then kicked a 40 yard field goal in the fourth quarter to top off the Buckarooo scoring parade.
For the night the Buckaroos rushed for 292 yards on 39 carries gaining 19 first downs. Austin Maloy had 148 of those yards on 12 carries, Maughan had 72 yards on 10 carries, Eldredge 47 yards on four carries and Bowring 29 yards on five carries.
The Buckaroo defense forced four Longhorn turnovers, two interceptions and two fumbles. Eldredge led in tackles with 7.5, followed by Brandon Mussleman and Zakk Rogers with 5.5 apiece.
Monticello sits atop the 1A South Region standings tied with Kanab and Diamond Ranch with identical 2-0 records. The 3-4 Bucks travel to Hurricane this Friday for a contest with Diamond Ranch, who stand at 4-3 on the season.
VolleyballThe Lady Broncos returned the favor on the Buckaroos of Monticello Tuesday night in Blanding with a 3-0 whitewash of the Buckaroos.
The Broncos pounded the Bucks right from the start winning all three sets, 25-15, 25-14 and 25-23.
It was that kind of a week for the Lady Broncos as they also swept both region foes, Wasatch Academy and North Sevier, 3-0, to run their region record to 6-0 and first place.
The Lady Bucks rebounded against Navajo Mountain and won in three, 3-0, too. The Lady Bucks host Whitehorse on Friday, while the Broncos host the Grand County Red Devils on Tuesday.
Cross Country
The boys and girls cross country ran in Cortez Saturday, the boys without top runner Easton Nielson and a couple of other runners.
Coach Jeff Hunt reports, "We ran pretty well shorthanded. But the boys were beat by one point on the basis of Colorado where you are allowed to score four runners and not five.
"Tyler Bird was the top finisher for the boys in 8th, with Jens Brewer in 10th. For the girls, Bailey Goodwine was in 9th to pace the girls to 4th."
Sheldon Black was 11th for the Buckaroo boys, Kyler LaRose 15th and Everett Hatch 21sts.
San Juan boys were paced by Braden Meyer in 12th place, and Cole and Chase Chamberlain in 17th and 18th.
For the girls of Monticello, after Goodwine, Cambria Welch and Kendal Harris were 17th and 18th. Nancy Johnson was 34th. San Juan girls were paced by Alexsis James in 19th place, Alexia Stash in 21st, Lynalla Benn in 26th and Ann Pugh in 3oth to come in fifth, just behind the Buckaroos.
San Juan boys took first in the JV race, placing runners third to tenth, paced by Patten Black in third, followed by Garrett Chamberlain, Cole Montella, Derek Francom, Monson Brown, William Heck, Ammon Teare, and Thomas Hook.


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Funky. Mesmerizing. Prehistoric. Timeless. John Lee Hooker is in a league of his own.
The mean licks, the gruff voice and the rumbling funk are all part of the mysterious figure that is John Lee Hooker. He got his start in the Forties and chugged along for the rest of his life, picking up a Grammy at the ripe age of 81.
John Lee Hooker is a giant of the blues and the father of the boogie.
Beginning in 1948 with his first single, "Boogie Chillen," he introduced the world to the persistent, chugging rhythm of boogie music, a form of country blues Hooker learned back home in Mississippi. His foot-stomping boogie was adapted and amplified in the Sixties and Seventies by a great number of rock and roll artists, including the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, Canned Heat, John Mayall, Ten Years After, Foghat, ZZ Top and George Thorogood. Beyond his ability to lock into a hypnotic boogie groove, Hooker is renowned for the gruff emotionality of his voice and the stark intensity of his guitar playing.
Over the decades, he has proven to be a survivor. When interest in electric blues began cooling off, Hooker found a niche for himself on the coffeehouse circuit during the acoustic folk-music boom of the late Fifties and early Sixties. More recently, his career has enjoyed a sustained resurgence that included a Grammy award for his 1989 album The Healer.
Hooker was born on August 22, 1917 to a sharecropping family in Clarksdale, Mississippi. His stepfather, Will Moore, taught him how to play guitar, and as a young man Hooker encountered such blues legends as Charley Patton, Blind Lemon Jefferson and Blind Blake along the way. In his early teens, Hooker ran off to Memphis, where he worked as a theater usher and played music on the side. He also lived in Cincinnati and Knoxville before settling down in Detroit in 1943. He labored in an auto factory by day and played blues at house parties and clubs along the city's legendary Hastings Street. In 1948 he recorded "Boogie Chillen," an enormously influential single that was picked up for national distribution by Modern Records and rose to Number One on the R&B chart in 1949.
Hooker went on to record for more than two dozen labels, often resorting to aliases such as John Lee Cooker, Delta John and the Boogie Man for contractual reasons. Much of his most popular work, including the classic versions of "Boom Boom" and "Crawling Kingsnake," appeared on the Vee-Jay label. Beloved by rock and rollers, Hooker has never lacked for support and collaborators. In 1970 Canned Heat collaborated with Hooker on a landmark double album entitled Hooker 'n' Heat. Hooker appeared in The Blues Brothers (1980) movie, sang the title role on Pete Townshend's concept album The Iron Man (1989), and has duetted with Van Morrison. His latter-day projects have attracted such contributors as Carlos Santana, Keith Richards, Robert Cray, Bonnie Raitt and Los Lobos. In October 1990 a host of friends and admirers participated in an all-star concert celebration of Hooker's music at Madison Square Garden.
Inductee: John Lee Hooker (born August 22, 1917, died June 21, 2001)


text:
In the comments of a recent post from Alberto Ferrari there was an interesting note about different performance related to the order of conditions in a FILTER call. I investigated about that and Jeffrey Wang has been so nice to give me some info about actual implementation that I can share on a blog post.
First of all, an important disclaimer: PowerPivot is intended to make life easier, not requiring the user to think how to write the order of elements in a formula just to get better performance. To achieve this goal, following releases of PowerPivot could have a smarter engine that will not require the author to worry too much about how he writes a DAX expression!
Suppose you have a table Sales with three columns: Product, Price and Quantity.
These two FILTER conditions should be equivalent:
FILTER( Product, Product[Price] > 10 && Product[Quantity] > 5 )
FILTER( Product, Product[Quantity] > 5 && Product[Price] > 10 )
In fact, from the point of view of the final result, they are equivalent. However, in the current version of PowerPivot there is a short-circuit evaluation (in reality something like that), which might favor performance if the most selective condition is put upfront in case of an AND condition.
The reason for that relies in the columnar behavior of the Vertipaq engine. This condition:
FILTER( T, p1 && p2 )
is internally rewritten (if possible) as
You might wonder whether the difference can be measured, because Vertipaq is so fast. Well, as I said, only certain conditions can be optimized in this way and are those that can be solved by the Vertipaq engine without evaluating a more complex DAX expression. Moreover, a sort of "bulk evaluation mode" is used, without going to evaluate the predicate conditions row by row.
Now, consider a more complex statement:
COUNTROWS( FILTER( Products, Products[Name] = "Name"
&& Products[Stock] > CALCULATE( AVERAGEX( Fact, Fact[Quantity] / 5 ) ) ) )
In this case, reverting the statement to:
COUNTROWS( FILTER( Products, Products[Stock] > CALCULATE( AVERAGEX( Fact, Fact[Quantity] / 5 ) )
&& Products[Name] = "Name" ) )
produces a slower query, which requires much more memory to be computed and also more CPU time.
The final consideration is that in the current version of PowerPivot it is better to put the most selective condition upfront in a filter predicate. Future versions of PowerPivot might be able to automatically reorder these conditions.


text:
Testing for accessibility lets you experience your app from the perspective of your users and find usability issues that you might otherwise miss. Accessibility testing can reveal opportunities to make your app more powerful and versatile for all your users, including those with disabilities.
For the best results, use all of the approaches described in this doc:
- Manual testing: Interact with your app using Android accessibility services.
- Testing with analysis tools: Use tools to discover opportunities to improve your app's accessibility.
- Automated testing: Turn on accessibility testing in Espresso and
- User testing: Get feedback from real people who interact with your app.
Manual testing
Manual testing puts you in the shoes of your user. Android
objects change the way your app's content is presented to the user and how the
user interacts with the content. By interacting with your app using
accessibility services, you can experience your app as your users would.
TalkBack is Android's built-in screen reader. When TalkBack is on, users can interact with their Android device without seeing the screen. Users with visual impairments may rely on TalkBack to use your app.
Turn on TalkBack
- Open your device's Settings app.
- Navigate to Accessibility and select TalkBack.
- At the top of the TalkBack screen, press On/Off to turn on TalkBack.
- In the confirmation dialog, select OK to confirm permissions.
Explore your app with TalkBack
After TalkBack is on, there are two common ways to navigate:
- Linear navigation: Quickly swipe right or left to navigate through screen elements in sequence. Double-tap anywhere to select.
- Explore by touch: Drag your finger over the screen to hear what's under your finger. Double-tap anywhere to select.
To explore your app with TalkBack, complete these steps:
- Open your app.
- Swipe through each element in sequence.
As you navigate, look for the following issues:
- Does the spoken feedback for each element convey its content or purpose appropriately? (Learn how to write meaningful labels.)
- Are announcements succinct, or are they needlessly verbose?
- Are you able to complete the main workflows easily?
- Are you able to reach every element by swiping?
- If alerts or other temporary messages appear, are they read aloud?
For more information and tips, refer to TalkBack user documentation.
Optional: TalkBack developer settings
TalkBack developer settings can make it easier for you to test your app with TalkBack.
To view or change developer settings, complete these steps:
- Open your device's Settings app.
- Navigate to Accessibility and select TalkBack.
Select Settings > Developer settings:
- Log output level: Select VERBOSE.
- Display speech output: Turn on this setting to view TalkBack speech output on the screen.
Switch Access
Switch Access lets users interact with Android devices using a switch instead of the touch screen. There are several kinds of switches: assistive technology devices such as those sold by AbleNet, Enabling Devices, RJ Cooper, or Tecla*; external keyboard keys; or buttons. This service can be helpful for users with motor impairments.
* Google doesn't endorse these companies or their products.
Turn on Switch Access
A simple way to configure Switch Access is with two switches. One switch is designated as the "Next" switch and moves focus around the screen, and a second "Select" switch selects the focused element. To use this two-switch method, you can use any pair of hardware keys.
Note: Your experience with Switch Access may vary, depending on the tools and software that you're using:
- If you use an external switch, such as a keyboard, there are additional setup steps. For example, you need to re-enable the soft keyboard. For more information, refer to the Switch Access user documentation.
- If you're using TalkBack 5.1 or later, a setup wizard is available to configure Switch Access. To use this wizard instead of the steps below, go to Settings > Accessibility > Switch Access > Settings > Open Switch Access setup.
To set up Switch Access using the volume down key as the "Next" switch and the volume up key as the "Select" switch, complete the following steps:
- Ensure that TalkBack is turned off.
- Open your device's Settings app.
- Navigate to Accessibility and select Switch Access, then select Settings.
- On the Switch Access Preferences screen, make sure that Auto-scan is off.
Use the volume down key as your "Next" switch:
- Touch Assign Keys for Scanning > Next.
- When the dialog opens, press the volume down key. The dialog shows KEYCODE_VOLUME_DOWN.
- Touch OK to confirm and exit the dialog.
Use the volume up key as your "Select" switch:
- Touch Select.
- When the dialog opens, press the volume up key. The dialog shows KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP.
- Touch OK to confirm and exit the dialog.
To return to Switch Access Preferences, press the back button.
Optional: If you're using TalkBack 5.1 or later, you can select Spoken feedback to turn on spoken feedback.
To return to the main Switch Access screen, press the back button.
At the top of the Switch Access screen, press On/Off to turn on Switch Access.
In the confirmation dialog, select OK to confirm permissions.
Explore your app using Switch Access
To explore your app with Switch Access, complete these steps:
- Open your app.
- To start scanning, press your "Next" switch (volume down).
- Continue pressing "Next" until you reach the item you want to select.
- To select the highlighted item, press your "Select" switch (volume up).
As you navigate, look for the following issues:
- Are you able to complete the main workflows easily?
- If you have text or other inputs, can you add and edit content easily?
- Are items highlighted only if you can perform an action with them?
- Is each item highlighted only once?
- Is all functionality that's available through touch screen gestures also available as selectable controls or custom actions within Switch Access?
- If you're using TalkBack 5.1 or later and you've turned on spoken feedback, does the spoken feedback for each element convey its content or purpose appropriately? (Learn how to write meaningful labels.)
Optional: Use group selection to see all scannable items
Group selection is a Switch Access navigation method that lets you see all scannable items at once. This option lets you perform a quick check to see whether the correct elements on the screen are highlighted.
To turn on group selection, complete these steps:
- Open your device's Settings app.
- Navigate to Accessibility and select Switch Access, then select Settings.
- On the Switch Access Preferences screen, make sure that Auto-scan is off.
- Select Scanning method > Group selection.
- Touch Assign switches for scanning.
- Make sure that the text under Group selection switch 1 and Group selection switch 2 shows that a switch is assigned to each. If you already followed the steps to turn on Switch Access, the volume buttons should already be assigned.
To explore your app with Switch Access using group selection, complete these steps:
Press the "Select" key (volume up) to highlight all actionable items on the current screen. Look for the following issues:
- Are only actionable items highlighted?
- Are all actionable items highlighted?
- Does the density of highlighted items make sense?
Navigate to a different screen to clear the highlight.
To learn more about how users can navigate with group selection, see Tips for using Switch Access.
Other services
Android provides several additional tools for testing your app's accessibility.
Google BrailleBack is an app that lets users connect a refreshable Braille display to an Android device over Bluetooth. BrailleBack works with TalkBack to provide a combined speech and Braille experience.
To test your app with a Braille display, learn how to install and turn on BrailleBack.
To see the braille (and ASCII translation) that BrailleBack would render, without connecting a Braille display, you can use the overlay option in BrailleBack settings:
- Open your device's Settings app.
- Navigate to Accessibility and select BrailleBack.
- Select Settings > Developer options > Show Braille output on screen.
Voice Access
Voice Access lets users control an Android device with spoken commands. Voice Access is available on devices running Android 5.0 (API level 21) and higher. To test your app with Voice Access, learn how to get started with Voice Access.
Analysis tools
Testing with analysis tools can uncover opportunities to improve accessibility that you might miss with manual testing.
Accessibility Scanner
The Accessibility Scanner app scans your screen and provides suggestions to improve the accessibility of your app. Accessibility Scanner uses the Accessibility Test Framework and provides specific suggestions after looking at content labels, clickable items, contrast, and more.
Learn more:
Pre-launch report on Google Play
If you distribute your app on Google Play, you have access to a pre-launch report for your app. Google Play generates this report shortly after you upload an app to a release channel using the Google Play Console. The pre-launch report, which is also available in the Google Play Console, displays the results of tests that Google Play performs on your app.
In particular, Google Play runs accessibility tests using the Accessibility Test Framework. The results of these tests appear in a table on the Accessibility tab of your app's pre-launch report.
The table organizes opportunities for improvement into the following categories:
- Touch target size
- Interactive elements in your app that have a focusable area, or touch target size, that is smaller than recommended.
- Low contrast
- Instances where the pair of colors used for a text element and the background behind that element has a lower color contrast ratio than recommended.
- Content labeling
- UI elements that don't have a label that describes a given element's purpose.
- Implementation
- Attributes assigned to UI elements that make it more difficult for the
system's accessibility services to interpret the elements correctly. Examples
include defining a description for an editable
Viewlabel and using an element traversal order that doesn't match the elements' logical arrangement.
Following the table, the pre-launch report shows snapshots of your app. These snapshots represent the top opportunities to improve your app's accessibility in each category. By selecting a screenshot, you can view more details, including a suggested improvement and a more complete list of places in your app where you can apply that same improvement.
Figure 1 shows an example of the table that appears on the Accessibility tab of a pre-launch report within Google Play. This figure also includes one of the app's snapshots, showing that the Next button has a touch target size that is smaller than recommended.
UI Automator Viewer
uiautomatorviewer tool provides a convenient GUI to scan and analyze the
UI components currently displayed on an Android device. You can use UI Automator
to inspect the layout hierarchy and view the properties of UI components that
are visible on the foreground of the device. This information lets you create
more fine-grained tests, for example by creating a UI selector that matches a
specific visible property. The tool is located in the
tools directory of the
Android SDK.
In accessibility testing, this tool is useful for debugging issues found using other testing methods. For example, if manual testing results in a view that doesn't have speakable text and should or a view that receives focus and shouldn't, you can use the tool to help locate the source of the bug.
To learn more about UI Automator Viewer, see Testing UI for multiple apps.
Android Studio shows lint warnings for various accessibility issues and provides
links to the places in the source code containing these issues. In the following
example, an image is missing a
contentDescription attribute. The missing
content description results in the following message:
[Accessibility] Missing 'contentDescription' attribute on image
Figure 2 shows an example of how this message appears in Android Studio:
If users of accessibility services, such as screen readers, encountered this image within the app itself, they wouldn't be able to understand the image's meaning.
Automated testing
The Android platform supports several testing frameworks, including Espresso and Robolectric, which each allow you to create and run automated tests that evaluate the accessibility of your app.
To see a video overview of accessibility testing with Espresso and Robolectric, watch the following video from minute 31:54 to 34:19: Inclusive design and testing: Making your app more accessible - Google I/O 2016.
Espresso is an Android testing library designed to make UI testing fast and easy. It allows you to interact with UI components under test in your app and assert that certain behaviors occur or specific conditions are met.
Enable checks
You can enable and configure accessibility testing through the
By default, the checks run when you perform any view action defined in
ViewActions. The check
includes the view on which the action is performed as well as all descendant
views. You can check the entire view hierarchy of a screen using the following
For more code samples, see these demonstrative tests.
Suppress known issues
When first enabling checks, you may encounter a number of issues you may not be
able to deal with immediately. You can suppress test failures resulting from
these issues by setting a matcher for the results that you would like to
suppress. To do so, obtain an
AccessibilityValidator object by calling the
enable() method of the
AccessibilityChecks class, then use the
setSuppressingResultMatcher() method of the returned
object to configure a suppressing matcher.
In the following example, all issues related to touch target size on
View objects with a resource ID of
"overflow" are suppressed:
val validator: AccessibilityValidator = AccessibilityChecks.enable().apply { setSuppressingResultMatcher( allOf( matchesCheckNames(`is`("TouchTargetSizeViewCheck")), matchesViews(withId(R.id.my_overflow)) ) ) }
AccessibilityValidator validator = AccessibilityChecks.enable(); Matcher<AccessibilityViewCheckResult> myMatcher = allOf( matchesCheckNames(is("TouchTargetSizeViewCheck")), matchesViews(withId(R.id.my_overflow))); validator.setSuppressingResultMatcher(myMatcher);
Robolectric is an open-source Android testing library that lets you test real Android code on a JVM, without needing to start an emulator. Learn how to get started with Robolectric.
Suppress known issues
When first enabling checks for Robolectric, you may encounter a number of issues
you may not be able to deal with immediately. You can suppress these errors by
setting a matcher for the results that you would like to suppress. For more
information, see the documentation for the
method of the
class that is available in Robolectric.
User testing
Along with the other testing methods in this guide, user testing can provide specific and valuable insights about the usability of your app.
To find users who can test your app, use methods such as the following:
- Reach out to local organizations, colleges, or universities that provide training for people with disabilities.
- Ask your social circle. There might be people with disabilities who are willing to help.
- Ask a user testing service (such as usertesting.com) if they can test your app and include users with disabilities.
- Join an accessibility forum, such as Accessibility or Eyes-free, and ask for volunteers to try your app.
For more tips, watch the user testing section of this video, from minute 31:10 to 44:51: Behind the scenes: What's new in Android accessibility - Google I/O 2016.


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Welcome to ISUG-TECH!
The Independent SAP Technical User Group (ISUG-TECH) is a member association that represents thousands of technical users and customers of SAP products in more than sixty countries around the world. Our focus is primarily the SAP database and development products - those obtained as part of the Sybase acquisition in 2010, plus SAP HANA and other SAP products of interest to our members.
We are the goto-organization for the technical users of these products – developers, DBA, modelers, mobility experts, etc. and we help each and every member become better at what they do, creating value for themselves and the companies that they work for. If you are a technical user of SAP products then we are the organization for you.
We offer memberships to individuals and companies that are technical users of SAP products. If you are new to ISUG-TECH you can start with our free Associate Reader membership, or you can jump right in with a subscription to the website or even a Gold membership.
So what are you waiting for? Get started now!
Explore years of content in The Library: articles, tutorials, & videos; Read the current issue of the ISUG-TECH Journal for free!
Submit enhancement suggestions and influence the future direction of SAP Sybase products
All the resources you need at your fingertips, plus a free, personal-use copy of PowerBuilder
See how the very best DBAs deal with everyday issues that plague today's installations
Follow best-practices employed by your industry peers to help design bullet-proof systems
PowerBuilder is the ultimate development tool, and ISUG is the premier location for PowerBuilder resources on the Internet. We strive to be the focal point for PowerBuilder, a "one stop shop" for every PowerBuilder developer out there. Here's what members have access to:
- A complimentary personal-use copy of PowerBuilder
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One of the most important roles played by ISUG-TECH members is that of helping to improve SAP's Sybase products. Through the enhancements request process, members draw on their own experience to suggest fixes and new ideas for the future releases. Any member may submit an enhancement request, but only those with paid memberships/subscriptions Regular Members may vote on enhancements in the system. (Join ISUG now)
How the Submission Process Works
All enhancements requests submitted by members (using the Enhancement Request Form) are sent to ISUG-TECH's enhancements committee. Once the request is approved the following steps are taken:
- The request is added to the website .
- A confirmation is sent to the submitter.
At this point members can now rank the request and provide comments. The requests that score highest both in voting and in needs stated in the comments will be submitted to SAP's Customer Connection Program for consideration. The SAP/Sybase engineers who subscribe to the list will be able to give us an indication if plans for that request already exist.
The Voting Process
ISUG-TECH uses an absolute voting process. Each request is given a vote independent of any other requests. Members may cast one of 6 possible votes:
|5: Needed
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|4: Recommended
|1: Not Needed
|3: Undecided
|0: No Vote (does not affect average)
Enhancement Status
Once submitted, the status of an enhancement will change based on where it is in the process:
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|Enhancement has been accepted by ISUG-TECH as a valid request. Because the CCP is a cyclical process, new enhancements may be in this status until the next cycle begins. However, members should be voting on enhancements in this status so they can be considered as focus topics for the CCP.
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|This status shows that the enhancement has successfully navigated the system and is now in a released version of the product!
Note that ISUG-TECH also has product entries for third party products. In those cases, the enhancement requests are handled by the vendor rather than SAP, but the status shown in the enhancement system is reflective of where that request is in their system, not the SAP CCP.
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The ISUG-TECH Library is a collection of technical material provided by ISUG to its members. Content includes original material created by ISUG-TECH, our members and partners, as well as pieces aggregated from external sources.
Example content includes:
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We continue to add material to the library on an on-going basis in order to keep members up to date on the latest technologies. Members are encouraged to participate in this process and share their knowledge with the community.
ISUG "U" is our core project to provide our members with the information needed to expand their Sybase knowledge. The resources in ISUG "U" continue to expand as a result of the contributions made by our members and partners.
ISUG "U" contains the following materials:
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Local groups are sometimes product-specific (e.g., PBUGs) in order to better serve their members. Most local user groups allow anyone to participate with no member fee.
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Periodically the local groups in your regional chapter will come together at a larger event where ISUG-TECH will provide expert speakers to help you learn even more. These are exciting events and a wonderful chance to network with experts in your field.
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AppLove is a CanvasPop blog series on the latest and greatest mobile photography apps, written by #twosisters Melissa Vincent and Ali Jardine. In this edition, Melissa explores one of her top photo apps, Picfx.
Anyone who loves to edit photos on their iPhone should have Picfx. It is one of my top favorite photo apps for it's ease of use and versatility. You can create vintage looks, black and whites, add lights such as bokeh, and turn a normal night sky into one with millions of stars.
When you load your photo into the app, this is … Read more


text:
Royal Icing Decorations-Boy Baby Shower
These edible ready-made royal icing creations offer a way of decorating cupcakes hassle free for both professional and amateur decorators. Add a unique touch to your cupcakes or creations that everyone is sure to love!
Quantity: 6 per pack | Approximate Size: 1" - 1.25"


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Town Square
Attention Palo Alto cycling enthusiasts
Original post made by Terrified driver, Los Altos Hills, on Jul 14, 2007
Comments (26)
a resident of South of Midtown
on Jul 14, 2007 at 1:21 pm
"You are on notice: Los Altos Hills is not your gym."
Terrified driver,
Hmm...how do you know that they those pesky bike drivers are from Palo Alto? How about Mountain View or Los Altos (or other towns?). Some of them advertise that they are from Europe (e.g Pedalli Alpini types).
I am not a bike rider, and I do admit that there is tension (and danger) out there on the public streets, but why do you limit it to Palo Alto bike riders?
I have run into many Arastradero Preserve hikers, from Los Altos Hills, on those 10 miles of trails that Palo Alto paid for. What was the financial contribution (in $$) contributed by other cities, especially Los Altos Hills? The LAH people must have paid a lot, becasue they use it like their own personal gym.
a resident of Barron Park
on Jul 14, 2007 at 1:44 pm
Terrified, I understand your concerns, it is hard to share the road, especially when there is not much road. But the fact is that bikers have the same rights to the roads as drivers (see CA Vehicle Code 21200(a)).
Bikers also have the same responsibilities as drivers. If bikers are doing things that are illegal, which of course does happen, that is not right - especially when conditions are tight anyway. And bikes are obligated to stay close the curb, unless it would endanger them. And of course, it is helpful if bikers, like other slower moving vehicles, allow other vehicles to pass if there is no way for them to do so safely for a long period.
As the road signs say in various places, we need to "Share the Road."
a resident of another community
on Jul 14, 2007 at 2:09 pm
Los Altos Hills pays to maintain its roads. I think they have every right to keep Palo Alto cyclists off them. Palo Alto drivers, for that matter.
a resident of College Terrace
on Jul 14, 2007 at 2:29 pm
This one is a real laugher. It sounds like the underlying issue is FHP. Right? If not, I appologize. If it is just about public roads, and LAH folk are bitching about the use of their roads by PA citizens, then I make a fair offer:
PA citizens will stay off your streets, and you stay off ours. It would be interesting to see how soon the LAH complainers start to beg for mercy! Sounds like a good cocktail party game...I am convinced that the PA 'players' would win all the free drinks from the LAH players!!!
a resident of Crescent Park
on Jul 14, 2007 at 2:41 pm
To Terrified driver,
Did you fall off your bike at the gym and hit your head?
a resident of Los Altos Hills
on Jul 14, 2007 at 9:04 pm
Actually I am an old, meaning former, cyclist myself who lives in the hills. I fully support cyclists, and love to see them up here...except when they line up 2,3 or 4 abreast and force me to stay behind them as they peddle up the hill. I resent that. I believe that is probably what the initial poster was trying to say, albeit a little obscured.
So, all we need is for y'all to stay single file to give the cars a chance to pass you when it is safe to do so.
Conversely, drivers, please try to stay at least 3-4 feet away from the bikers when you pass, ..if they slip or fall beside you and you are closer, they can die.
a resident of Crescent Park
on Jul 14, 2007 at 11:05 pm
To Resident: As a Cyclist myself, I couldn't of said it better! We all need to share the road.
a resident of Los Altos Hills
on Jul 16, 2007 at 7:41 pm
Terrified, that was a pretty good comment, and I had to laugh! I wonder if the bikists understand that there are TEENAGERS driving up and down those hills? Ha ha! I know because one of them is MINE.
And frankly, knowing that, and knowing what I know from having driven up and down Page Mill nearly every day for 10 years, I would NEVER EVERbike on Page Mill. It's death wish come true.
The bikers are, yes, annoying to those of us trying to drive. But more importantly, they are putting themselves in incredible danger. One sneeze, spaz, or quick reach for a cassette tape, and biker is history.
Sometimes I see someone with a kiddie trailer in back, or flogging some poor 8-12-year-old to ride up ahead of them. What are you thinking, you guys? And I mean "guys" because it's almost always guys -- I wonder if the mom knows where the Dad is taking that child while she has her well-earned weekend rest? It's one thing to threaten your own life by riding on Page Mill, but it borders on criminal to force a child to do it.
For those who value their own lives, or those of their children, here's some advice: Take Arastradero to Purissima to Elena to Natoma to Black Mountain to Altamont to Page Mill. You end up the same place, the scenery is gorgeous, and you breathe less car exhaust and miss the worst of Page Mill traffic.
Good luck, all of you. :)
Let me share a secret with you
a resident of Palo Alto Hills
on Jan 12, 2008 at 6:23 pm
The law is: The streets are public. Cyclist and motorists share the roads. End of story.
Moreover: if you, as a motorist, antagonize me, a cyclist, on one of these roads, as has happened to other bicyclists, then it constitutes a threat with your vehicle a weapon. In such a case, it's the weaker party's right to self defense. I, for one, will try to stop you and teach you a lesson.
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Jan 12, 2008 at 7:35 pm
Motorists are licensed to drive and cars have to pay a tax to use the roads. Cyclists are neither. Motorists have to pass a test to use a car. Cyclists do not. Most cyclists (apart from children) use cars as well as ride their bikes. Some motorists do ride bikes but not all.
A cyclist should realise that they cannot be compared to cars. Riding their bikes on public roads is their right, but it is also a privilege. They should obey the rules of good driving, not behave in a pack mentality or in any type of mentality which does not consitute good road use.
We do not have to talk about self defence or teaching each other a lesson. A bicyle can do a lot of damage to another bicycle or to a pedestrian even if it cannot cause much damage to a car even though it may cause a car to have an accident. I have been hit by a bicycle not stopping to give me, as a pedestrian, right of way. Cyclists are just sharing the road, not owning it.
Treat the roads and other road users with respect, and you will be treated likewise by the majority. Treating the road with an attitude problem, whatever your vehicle (yes, bicycles are vehicles), is no help to anyone.
A vehicle is a mode of transport, a transport device. It does not have to be motorised to be called a vehicle. Therefore, all vehicles are subject to the same rules.
a resident of College Terrace
on Jan 12, 2008 at 7:43 pm
Last week, I was driving home in College Terrace, on College Ave. I came to an intersection, and I did not have a stop sign, while the cross street did have stop signs. I saw a bicyclist coming from my right. Some little voice told me that he was not about to stop, so I slowed, then hit the brakes hard, as he blew through the stop sign. If I had not slowed, he would now be dead. Of course, in all his arrogance, he flipped me off - to be expected from the bike jocks.
Until the bike boys decide to obey the law, on these public streets, they will continue to be at risk.
a resident of College Terrace
on Jan 12, 2008 at 8:27 pm
Another good reason for surveillance cameras at all intersections, connected to a database, and able to trigger tickets to egregious offenders. Nail everyone who blows through a stop sign.
a resident of Midtown
on Jan 13, 2008 at 8:41 am
John, I love your comment about being flipped off. A bicyclist did this to me years ago after my quick reflexes saved his life when HE was completely out of line...and I was 9 months pregnant.
I got so mad that I lumbered rapidly out of my car, grabbed him, and started yelling at him about HIS risking MY baby's life with his stupid arrogance in riding on the wrong side of the road in a blind intersection.
He was pretty shocked!
a resident of Midtown
on Jan 13, 2008 at 8:43 am
Perhaps your arrogance causes you to not note when you are driving DANGEROUSLY! Perhaps you need to look at yourself and teach yourself a lesson before assuming the drivers of cars are the ones in the wrong.
As a student, I can venture a guess that you are much younger than the average driving population.
A little humility might save your life.
Pretend you are driving a car...then follow the same rules.
a resident of Woodside
on Jan 15, 2009 at 8:38 am
How are our kids going to be motivated to become wealthy when all they see of wealthy people as being old and crochety?
So mucch for the idea of being rich as owning a sweet Porsche 911 turbo and having a playboy model wife. Around here it means being an isolated old fart with no social skills and a crappy outlook on life.
What a waste.
a resident of Palo Alto Hills
on Jan 18, 2009 at 1:15 pm
Well, my 17 year old was driving me someplace this week and almost slammed into a biker..on Arastradero at the narrow part between Purissima and Deer Creek.
Use the bike path just to the side of that spot in the hills. That part of the road is TOO NARROW and TOO WINDY for you to be on it with cars.
a resident of Midtown
on Jan 18, 2009 at 1:52 pm
The bike path is a reasonable alternative - but bikers are allowed to use the road. Given that, drivers should drive more slowly and cautiously in that stretch, given that you know it can be hazardous. Bikes are generally going 15-20 mph there - how fast was your son driving that he came upon a bike so suddenly?
a resident of Midtown
on Jan 18, 2009 at 2:58 pm
If you almost slam into a bicyclist who is legally using the road, then you are driving way to fast for the conditions. If a road is narrow and winding, then you need to slow down, possibly to significantly lower than the posted speed limit.
a resident of Palo Alto Hills
on Jan 18, 2009 at 3:49 pm
Sarah and Me, Too..You need to go drive the Arastradero Road from Purissima around the narrow curving road where there is NO BIKE PATH FOR A REASON..and that is because there is no room for 2 cars AND a bike on the road at that same place. That is why the path is to the side of the road.
Even if you are going 15 miles per hour ( and the speed limit is 25) it is QUITE easy to hit a bike that is going slower if it is at the right spot and wobbles even a little.
Don't be so quick to assume the driver of the vehicle is at fault. I am extremely careful of this area and have been far too close to far too many bicyclists who should be very grateful the drivers are pretty good here at that spot..but it just takes one inexperienced driver or one person who is unfamiliar with the danger of bicyclists for a tragedy to happen.
And in any case, does it really matter who is "at fault" if the bicyclist is hurt or dead? The body doesn't really care whose "fault" it is. I offer this out of concern for the many bicyclists I see there who I suspect never drive it and so therefore haven't much clue how bad it is.
Go look at the road..and if you are bicyclist, please cross Arastradero at Purissima and follow that path, or catch it at...the name just left me, I think it is Deer Creek. Not only is it safer, it is MUCH more beautiful and you aren't sucking gas fumes.
a resident of Midtown
on Jan 18, 2009 at 4:11 pm
If you rear-end someone who is legally using a road, then you are at fault. Period.
If you hit a bicyclist after he "wobbles even a little", then you are way to close to begin with. If you cannot safely and legally pass a bicyclist with at least 3 feet of clearance, then do not try to pass.
These are common sense rules of the road. There is no reason to ever get "far too close to far too many bicyclists" unless you are driving too carelessly or too aggressively for the road conditions.
a resident of Midtown
on Jan 18, 2009 at 7:32 pm
Almost, I have driven and ridden that stretch of road probably 1000 times, so know it well.
There, as anywhere, if there is not room for 2 cars and a bike, then the car overtaking the bike is supposed to slow down until it can pass the bike safely. If you think the bike might wobble, just slow down and wait to pass. I am always surprised at the dangerous passing maneuvers drivers make (veering into the next lane coming up to a curve, say) when they could just wait a few seconds and pass safely.
Those are the rules of the road, with bikes or any other slow-moving vehicle or pedestrians (or broken down vehicle) - no car is entitled to pass, it needs to wait to pass safely. So as Sarah says, unless the biker is on the wrong side the of the road, the car driver would always be at fault.
So if you almost had a collision there overtaking a biker, you were almost certainly driving too fast for the conditions. You should slow down - hitting a biker is terrible for the biker, but it wouldn't be good for you either.
Still, your point is valid that the bike path is there for bikers to use. I personally don't like the bike path and prefer the road, but it is safer, especially if the biker is less experienced, since cars do drive too fast there.
a resident of Los Altos Hills
on Feb 28, 2009 at 10:46 pm
It's a rude way to address cyclists but on the other hand, I often cringe when I'm driving along the windy roads to my home in LAH and I have to mind a cyclist. They don't just endanger themselves. They endanger us because when we have to go around them, most of the time we have to drive over the yellow line into the oncoming traffic lane to do it. Cyclists also do stupid things on occasion when they are in a hurry or when they are too lazy to stop and mind the rules of the road at intersections. It's bothersome.
a resident of Los Altos Hills
on Feb 28, 2009 at 11:04 pm
Sometimes cyclists tailgate my car downhill, trying to catch an easy ride off the wind drag. There's nothing like driving 30 mph with some idiot a couple feet from the back of the car on a bike. The thing that is most annoying about it is that they involve the driver in their stunt. When I'm driving and a cyclist is trying to drag off the back of my car, I think less about the road, less about my driving, and almost entirely about the fact that this person is made of breakable human material and if I do ONE thing out of whack, like step on the brakes because a squirrel darts out in front of my car (has happened frequently), the guy is going to be in a terrible place. Honestly, I think that's wildly inconsiderate toward the drivers!
a resident of Los Altos Hills
on Feb 28, 2009 at 11:36 pm
My 8 year old daughter loves to look at the clown costumes on parade.
a resident of another community
on Feb 28, 2009 at 11:56 pm
Try Sand Hill Road, between Santa Cruz Ave and 280.
You'll see herds of clowns there, all in formation, plugging the roadway, and violating the minimum speed law (VC section 22400)
You will see more than you'll ever see in LAH, so please consider yourself lucky.
a resident of Triple El
on Jun 6, 2017 at 7:41 am
Due to repeated violations of our Terms of Use, comments from this poster are automatically removed. Why?
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Focus 2 is a free personalized career assessment and exploration tool available to all GVSU students and alumni. Focus 2 is designed to help you explore careers and majors by identifying those that best fit your career interests, values, personality, and skills. From these results, you can explore in-depth information related to specific careers (e.g., typical responsibilities, projected job growth, salary, etc.). Create an account today and get started on finding your career path!


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Search Results
There are 17 item(s) tagged with the keyword "EPA".
- Displaying: 1 - 10 of 17
- 1. Mr. Trump: Tear Down This Wall!
Which wall?
The laws, rules, regulations, executive branch and federal agency proclamations and issuances, memos, guidance documents, bulletins, circulars, announcements with practical regulatory effect, "significant" agency guidance documents, and thousands of other such documents that are subject to little scrutiny or democratic accountability, and that have stifled entrepreneurship, jobs, the economy, and innovation.
That Wall. Tear it down, Mr. Trump.
Of the 10 highest-ever Federal Register regulation page counts, Obama is responsible for seven. Obama keeps breaking his own record! 77,687 (2014); 78,961 (2012); 79,311 (2013); 80,260 (2015); 81,247 (2011); 81,405 (2010).; and 91,642 (2016). That's an Atlas-back-breaking total of over 570,000 pages. There are some "fact checkers" who quibble about number of pages versus number of regulations, blah, blah. However, the point is this: Americans are being strangled by regulations.Click here to read more
This is what the Regulatory Wall looked like in 2013, before Obama "hit his stride."
- 2. Why does no one seem to care?
(The following article was sent to me anonymously. It's a timely, accurate, and thoughtful essay that needs to be read by every American.)
Are you aware that we the people are under assault in this country? Maybe not you personally, yet, but when one group of patriots in America is deprived of their freedoms guaranteed to them by the Constitution, it's a hostile invasion of all who stand for liberty. And that is what happened to the ranchers in Harney County, Oregon, in the past weeks, and in Nevada before that. There is a systematic taking of our precious liberties.
Why does no one seem to care?
Where is the media on this? Where are the folks who are focused on restoring our trust lands across the western United States? Are we to sit and watch those among us get incarcerated for ranching? For peacefully protesting the egregious treatment they have received from their own government, for years?
We know that these lands do not belong to the federal government. The federal government manages those lands for we the people under contracts that were supposed to be assigned back to the states years ago. The federal government contracts grazing leases to local ranchers. These grazing leases abut the ranches owned by private citizens of the United States. These ranchers, by and large, are good stewards of the lands they lease to use for grazing. But they are methodically being deprived of the use of the lands owned by we the people, even with legal leases to do so. In Oregon, the Burea of Land Management (BLM) is burning grazing land that is under lease to ranchers for grazing their cattle, and the BLM is burning the cattle, homes, and corrals in the process.Click here to read more
- 3. Obama's Radical War on the Navajo Nation and Rural Arizonans
In this video, you will see that West Virginia is suffering 6.9% unemployment, due to the Obama Administration's determination to shut down the coal industry with excessive regulations, thanks to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). There is no mention of the more than 50% unemployment suffered by 300,000 Navajos, or the destruction of jobs in Northern Arizona!Click here to read more
- 4. Please STOP the EPA's War on Coal in Northern Arizona: Sen. Sylvia Allen
Please submit your comments to the EPA expressing your opposition to the jobs-killing "Clean Power Plan." The environmentalist groups--who don't live anywhere near Northern Arizona--are writing in favor of the plan four to one. We need your comments! The letter Arizona Senator Sylvia Allen used to submit a comment is below. You are welcome to use all or part of it, but please write how this plan will affect you and your family.
Here are the instructions to submit your comments:Click here to read more
- 5. The Impact of Coal Restrictions on the Navajo Nation: Sen. Carlyle Begay
In announcing his recent decision to change from the Democrat to the Republican Party, Arizona Senator Carlyle Begay spoke of unemployment rates as high as 80% in his district. He also stated that future progress in Arizona has to include partnerships with rural and tribal communities. It is the Republican party that has embraced these crucial partnerships, which are the cornerstone of the future of our state.
As a rural Arizonan living in Gila County, I understand some of the concerns that we share. Rural and tribal Arizonans live in and of the land. We are sustained by it. We respect and love it. Rural Arizona offers rich natural resources that have fed, clothed, sheltered, and provided energy and water to millions of people.
The Democrat Party has waged war on our livestock, timber, and coal industries, the very industries that sustain Arizona's rural and tribal communities.
Back in July 2015, then Democrat Senator Carlyle Begay spoke at the Heartland Institute's International Conferences on Climate Change.
Please see a summary of Senator Begay's speech following the video.Click here to read more
- 6. Arizona Sen. Carlyle Begay: "We Must See Ourselves in a Whole New Light"
As noted in a November 24 news article, Senator Carlyle Begay has recently changed from the Democrat to Republican Party. I have never met Sen. Begay, but I've observed him and heard his remarks during the last legislative session. He is a highly intelligent, thoughtful, well-educated man. Both Democrats and Republicans can politicize his decision all they want, but I know that he will be guided by his convictions, not politics, whenever he casts his votes. The welfare of his constituents, many of whose ancestors were the First Arizonans, will rank far above either party. He believes that the time has come for his people to achieve prosperity. In fact, he wants all Arizonans to prosper. Please watch this video. Notice the many terms and phrases that he uses. This is what the Republican Party stands for.
In the following video, you will gain some insight into why Senator Begay is adamant that "change must happen" and why he believes it is the Republican Party that is working to find solutions that will help the people that Sen. Begay represents. He explains that "families living within our rural and tribal communities are in a crisis. Unemployment is as high as 80%. Roads, bridges, and infrastructure are wasting away. Many Native American families are without electricity and clean, running water. Native American students have some of the lowest graduation rates and some of the highest drop-out rates. Native Americans have the highest rates of suicide in the country." Senator Begay desires to work within the Republican Party to build a bridge connecting those who need and want a chance with those who can help provide that chance. The Republican Party is the party of progress, the party of opportunity. It is, now, Senator Begay's Party.Click here to read more
- 7. Payson TEA Party Meeting May 29: Senator Chester Crandell and Representatives Brenda Barton and Bob Thorpe
The Payson TEA Party will host three speakers on May 29: Arizona State Senator Chester Crandell and Arizona Representatives Brenda Barton and Bob Thorpe. Please come and hear about the issues our Legislative District 6 delegation worked on this past legislative session, including water, education, public lands, Mexican wolves, etc. They will also discuss their plans for next term after re-election.
The meeting will be held from 6:00-8:00 pm at Tiny's Restaurant, 600 Arizona Highway 260, Payson.
These Conservative Candidates Need Your Financial Assistance!
Click HERE to donate to Brenda Barton.
Click HERE to donate to Chester Crandell.
Click HERE to donate to Bob Thorpe.Click here to read more
- 8. Letter to the Editor: EPA Rules Biased Against Native Americans
Elouise Justice, a precinct committeeman with the Gila County Republican Committee, recently wrote a Letter to the Editor of the Payson Round-Up. It was published on April 25, 2014.
Dear Editor:
The Navajo Generating Station, near Page, Ariz., provides power to Nevada, Arizona, California and Indian Nations. The Environmental Protection Agency has demanded more stringent regulations be put in place to alleviate perceived unhealthy air pollution, which doesn't exist. The EPA will allow the Navajo Generating Station to continue operation until the year of 2019, which is when the extended original lease expires.
The lease can be renegotiated at the time, but only with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, who will have to receive a completed study by the EPA, which usually takes as long as five years (anyone remember the Keystone Pipeline?).
The EPA will allow the NGS to continue operations until 2044 if $1.1 billion is spent on equipment that costs annually $20 million to operate. Prior to investing in such a horrific venture, the owners have to wait to have the new lease in place, which will be pending until the Secretary of the Interior issues his approval.Click here to read more
- 9. Obama's Energy Policy Destroys Jobs
By Andy McKinney
Internal stresses and conflicts in an organization can be just as fatally detrimental as outside attacks. We see these internal contradictions in the Obama administration causing serious damage to Americans . The administration cries out for job creation and energy independence but, as we shall see, thwarts the creation of both by deliberate, if badly misguided, policy.
Environmental Extremists Stop Domestic Oil Production
Off the coast of Alaska in the Chukchi Sea, oil companies have successfully bid on the right to drill for oil. They have paid their money and are ready to begin drilling. The environmental industry has sued to delay the exploratory drilling on the usual basis. Please note that the whole lease bidding process has been completed. The time for debate has ended. The arguments have been heard from all sides, and the lease sale has proceeded to its conclusion. No one was denied his opinion at the proper time. The arguments are over. But that is not good enough for the enviro-extremists. Their goal is to cause as much delay, disruption, and expense to the drillers (and at the end of the day to you and me) as is humanly possible.
What would happen to you if you paid for a new transmission for your car and then were not allowed to have the transmission installed? You would have spent money to no good purpose. The money that should have gone to the repair might have gone to some other good purpose but is instead tied up in limbo, doing nothing. Multiply this by every project connected with energy, every road project, every building project, and so on across the country and you begin to sense the scale of waste of our financial resources in our country. It is as if money has no meaning, as if every dime of wealth we have does not come, in the end, from the sweat and inspiration of our citizens.Click here to read more
- 10. EPA's Secret Deals with Environmentalists: Sue and Settle
The EPA is under investigation for a practice called Sue and Settle. Environmentalists in government and private organizations have found ways to create new regulations by fashioning lawsuits tailored to have courts institute policy changes. Both parties involved in the lawsuits secretly decide in advance what the outcome will be and how much taxpayer money will be transferred to the environmental group in the settlement. In other words, they are exploiting the courts to change laws, and in the process, helping to fund radical environmental groups without legislative or taxpayer consent. Millions of taxpayer dollars have been given to these groups.
- Displaying: 1 - 10 of 17


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The Aura range of jewellery is designed with adults in mind. Made from 100% Baltic amber, they come in a range of designs, colours, sizes and styles, ranging from bracelets through to necklaces and are light to wear. Select an item which makes a fashion statement for you, or choose something to co-ordinate with the item being worn by your baby or child.
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This piece is part of Bambeados premium range. These are made from the highest quality beads, in terms of clarity and consistant size and shape. They have been highly polished and the final result is quite beautiful.
The premium range also is available in the standard colours plus in a number of interesting combinations of shape and colour.
The genuine Baltic Amber used by Bambeado is a natural product which means each bracelet is unique. The size and colour will vary slightly from the images on the website.
Bracelet size: 18cm (approx)
Unlike regular amber, Baltic Amber (also known as Succinite) is a type of amber that can only be found in Northern Europe, where it was once a regular and highly valued trade commodity. Here it was more than just a modern fashion statement, it was a homeopathic product that was used for centuries as a source of natural healing, as well as a remedy for the treatment of countless ailments, aches and pains.
In ancient Rome, for instance, it was once used as a way to protect against disease, while in eastern countries like Lithuania it served to ward off evil spirits. At this time it was usually caught in nets from boats, and later with a form of dredging where Baltic Amber was scraped from the seabed with a large hook or collected from the shore. Nowadays, these older Baltic Amber collection techniques have given way to more modern mining methods.
Baltic Amber's historic healing properties can be traced back to Succinic Acid, which has been used as a natural antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agent for hundreds - if not thousands - of years. Though nowadays you're more likely to find it used in various foods and beverages as a sweetener.
Did You Know?


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With 13 years' experience, the TURIM Hotel Group, with establishments ranging in size from 50 to 165 rooms, is renowned for its personal and welcoming atmosphere.
With modern and fully equipped hotels that are prepared to welcome business and leisure clients, the group has focused its expansion in towns: all of its hotels, like the Turim Av Liberdade Hotel, are in central locations.
Come and visit us in Lisbon, Azeitão or in the Algarve!


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Color: Blue
Interior: Leather
Drive Train: FWD
Transmission: Automatic
Vin: 3LNHL2GC5CR837560
Engine: 3.5L V6 DOHC 24V
Mileage: 79,426
Stock #: 12057
Mainstreet Motor Company
2021 Mainstreet
I hereby consent to receive text messages from or on behalf of dealer at the mobile phone number I provided above. I understand that I am opting in to receive text messages from dealer or their employees. I include consent to receive phone calls at the mobile phone number I provided. I understand that message and data rates may apply.
The staff at MainStreet was beyond helpful. Both John and Aran were amazing from the start of the process to the finish. I have been in sales and account management for 20 years, and I'm very impressed with the effort that they made to make the experience as easy as possible. I will certainly be coming back here to buy my next vehicles. Thanks so much!
John responded very quickly to my request for a CARFAX report on the vehicle I was looking at. I called a few days later to get more info and worked with Aran. Decided to travel to the dealership for a test drive. The vehicle was as described and Aran was great to deal with. He answered all our questions and was very friendly and easy to talk to. We had a great experience, purchased the vehicle and drove away happy.
I just bought a new car from this company and they were so nice to work with. Friendly people, sold me a wonderful car. I look forward to buying cars with them in the future!
very down to earth, no pressure, pleasant person to deal with. Listened to my concerns , shot me a fair price, and made the whole experience enjoyable. I would definitely buy from him again.
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I was looking for a specific vehicle. had just what I wanted on his lot. The only problem is he is 3+ hours west of where I live. After a few phone calls we made a deal without me ever seeing the car in person. Very happy how things turned out. Got a very nice car with no suprises. Upfront and honest. Do business with small companies things always turn out better for everyone. My experience was so good I may look this way again in the future. Thanks John.
Working with John was probably one of the easiest experiences i have ever had when buying a vehicle the communication and friendly interactions was top notch keep up the good work I know I will probably be shopping here again at some point THANK YOU AGAIN!!
John was very helpful and got me in the perfect vehicle. Excellent experience. Very helpful. I would recommend going here to buy a vehicle.
John customer service and communication skills rock! He went over and beyond to help myself and my husband find a great running car that fits our budget! Thanks again John , anyone looking for a good reliable vehicle connect John I guarantee you won't be disappointed
Great people to do business with. John is a great guy. I would definitely recommend Mainstreet Motor Co.


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From pieces inspired by workwear and militaria, to classic winter overcoats, our selection of coats and jackets offers enduring style and the utmost quality.
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Gold Letter C Earring
Regular price $169 AUD
or make 4 interest-free payments of $42.25 AUD fortnightly with More info
A letter on a hoop - bring your initials, or the initials of a special person with you wherever you go. The pendant is removable and can be swapped onto a chain to wear as a necklace.
Matching necklace available.
NOTE: The Letter Earring is sold individually, NOT as a pair. Please choose carefully. As with all earrings, these are subject to our return/exchange policy.


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Even once weekly fried food raises risk up to 37%
Past studies have shown that high-heat cooking methods may increase the risk for prostate cancer. But when adding oil/fat as in deep frying it could be of particular concern and has not been expressly examined in association to prostate cancer, according to the studies abstract.
Researchers from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, find not only do consuming fried foods such as doughnuts and French fires raise the risk for prostate cancer but that risk is slightly higher when it comes to more aggressive forms of the cancer.
For this study Dr. Janet L Stanford, PhD, MPH, and colleagues examined data from two prior population-based case-control studies that included 1,549 men with prostate cancer and 1,492 matched healthy men for control. The men were Caucasian and African-American, aged 35 to 74 years and residents of the Seattle area. All participants filled out a dietary questionnaire concerning their normal food consumption including specific fried foods; French Fries, fried chicken, fried fish and doughnuts.
The researchers controlled for factors such as age, race, family history of prostate cancer, body-mass index and PSA screening history when calculating the association between eating deep-fried foods and the risk for prostate cancer.
The research revealed men reported eating fried foods once weekly had an increased risk for prostate cancer in comparison to those men who reported eating types of fried foods less than once monthly.
For men who had consumed fried foods at least once a week had an increased risk for prostate cancer ranging from30 to 37%.
Also revealed was weekly consumption of these fried foods were linked with a slightly greater risk of more aggressive prostate cancer.
In their conclusion researchers write; "Regular consumption of select deep-fried foods is associated with increased prostate cancer risk. Whether this risk is specific to deep-fried foods, or whether it represents risk associated with regular intake of foods exposed to high heat and/or other aspects of the Western lifestyle, such as fast food consumption, remains to be determined."
Dr. Stanford commented "The link between prostate cancer and select deep-fried foods appeared to be limited to the highest level of consumption defined in our study as more than once a week , which suggests that regular consumption of deep-fried foods confers particular risk for developing prostate cancer."
Dr. Stanford hypothesizes that deep frying may trigger formation of carcinogens in food. Possible influence behind the risk for prostate cancer includes that fact that when oil is heated to temperatures suitable for deep frying, potentially carcinogenic compounds can form in the fried food.
According to Stanford these carcinogens include; acrylamide (found in carbohydrate-rich foods such as French fries). Acrylamide is known to cause cancer in animals and, in high doses, can cause nerve damage in humans, according to WHO, heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic (Exposure to high levels of HCAs and PAHs can cause cancer in animals; however, whether such exposure causes cancer in humans is unclear, National Cancer Institute), the chemicals are formed when cooking meat at high temperatures, aldehyde (an organic compound found in perfume and essential oils) and acrolein (a chemical found in herbicides) with widespread exposure occurring due to the formation of acrolein during the heating of fats, according to Tox Guide.
Dr. Stanford continues that these toxic compounds are increased with re-use of oil and increased length of frying time. Foods cooked with high heat also contain high levels of advanced glycation endproducts, (AGEs) which have been associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Deep-fried foods are among the highest in AGE content. For example; a chicken breast deep fried for 20 minutes contains more than nine times the amount of AGEs as a chicken breast boiled for an hour.
"The first study of its kind "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to look at the association between intake of deep-fried food and risk of prostate cancer, "says Dr. Stanford. Because deep-fried foods are primarily eaten outside the home, it is possible that the link between these foods and prostate cancer risk may be a sign of high consumption of fast foods in general, the authors wrote, citing the dramatic increase in fast-food restaurants and fast-food consumption in the U.S. in the past several decades.
Acrylamide was first discovered to be present in food by the Swedish National Food Authority in 2002. According to Caring for Cancer; "numerous research studies have examined possible connections between acrylamide in food and risk of cancer in people. These studies have included many thousands of people. They have looked at a variety of cancers, including cancers of the bladder, breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, larynx, oral cavity (mouth and throat), ovary, and pharynx. These studies have considered specific foods that are high in acrylamide, such as fried potatoes."
Last year researchers from the University of Southern California and Cancer Prevention Institute of California found that cooking red meats at high temperatures, especially pan-fried red meats, may increase the risk of advanced prostate cancer by as much as 40 percent. The study appeared in Carcinogenesis, Jul 20, 2012.


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It has been reported that House Speaker John Boehner is backing a compromise on taxing those "rich" Americans who make over $1 million a year.
Unfortunately, that threshold, as well as President Barack Obama's proposal to increase taxes on those making over $250,000 at the Clinton era tax rate, is not going to solve the long term deficit problem, especially while spending remains out of control as it has been during Mr. Obama's presidency.
If U.S. tax policy is supposed to be progressive, a simple analysis of the latest available (2009) IRS tax information shows it is anything but that for those making over $1 million, as the average tax rate is essentially flat. So simply increasing the tax rate at the high end would not address the lack of progressiveness, which is the cause of lower tax revenues. In fact, at incomes over $10 million, the average tax rate is over 2 percent lower than that reported for $1 million, and that is most likely due to excessive deductions taken by the ultra rich.
The solution to this lack of progressiveness is to implement what Mitt Romney had proposed, and that is capping deductions dependent on income level. This approach would have a more significant positive effect on tax revenues, even though it might not placate the Obama supporters who are obsessed with increasing tax rates on the rich.
The $250,000 threshold proposed by Mr. Obama is even more troubling since the Clinton era maximum tax rate was levied on joint incomes above $288,000 which if adjusted for a cumulative inflation rate (from 2001 to the present) of over 32 percent, is approximately $380,000 (which means an income of $250,000 now is only worth about $190,000 in 2001 dollars). So it apparent that Mr. Obama considers the rich to be at an even lower income level than President Bill Clinton did.
The real solution to our tax-related economic problems is to abandon campaign rhetoric and implement meaningful changes to the tax code that are easily apparent to even an arm chair economist.
Michael Vance Ernest Sr., Catonsville