text:
Join a creative marketplace where more than 33 million buyers around the world shop for unique items
Great value
List your first item for just $0.20 — you only pay transaction and payment processing fees when you make a sale.
Powerful tools
Our tools and services make it easy to manage, promote and grow your business.
Support and education
Reach out to Etsy support specialists anytime you need a hand, and get tips on running a successful shop in our Seller Handbook.
Start selling todayOpen your Etsy shop
Simple, transparent, secure
No additional monthly fees
Secure transactions
Automatic deposits
Seller protection
Listing Fee
Listings are active for four months or until they sell. When you sell an item, there's a small commission and standard payment processing fees.
5 %
Transaction Fee
Payment Processing
We process payments on our secure, SSL-encrypted platform, and have security specialists and fraud detection systems to protect you and your buyers 24/7.
* Listing fees are billed for $0.20 USD, so the amount in your currency may vary based on changes in the exchange rate. Payment processing fees vary by bank country.
Simple, powerful tools
Spend less time managing your shop and more time on the fun stuff.Manage your business anywhere
Use the Sell on Etsy App to manage orders, edit listings and respond to buyers instantly, from anywhere.Save big on delivery
Buy and print discounted postage for your orders in seconds, right from your Etsy account.Create your own website in minutes
Design a custom website that's powered by your Etsy shop.
Reach a world of shoppers
Build your brand with powerful marketing tools.
Our tools take the guesswork out of crafting the perfect posts for Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter or Instagram.
Reach millions of shoppers searching on and off Etsy with our easy-to-use advertising platform, Etsy Ads.Attract new customers
Create a sale or coupon to catch the eye of shoppers or reach them right in their inboxes with a targeted offer.
Choose your own path to success
Etsy has tools designed for every stage of your business's growth — no matter how big your ambitions. Access more advanced tools with an optional monthly subscription package.
Everything you need to start, manage and grow a creative business
No additional monthly charge
An expanded set of tools to help jump-start growth and express your brand
CA$13.20 a month
Full set of advanced tools that lets you run your business like a boss
Pricing to be announced in 2019
Here's what you'll find in Etsy Plus
Stand out with new ways to customise your shop
Take control of your shop's look with customisable options, including new banner templates and featured listing options that put your products in the spotlight.
Tell shoppers your items are back in stock
Don't lose a sale because of a sold out item. Email interested shoppers when the item's back in stock and see which listings are most popular so you can plan your inventory.
Send customers to your own web address
Save 50% on a custom .com address or get a .store address for free for a year – it'll add polish to business cards and make it easier for customers to find your Etsy shop.
Bonus listing and advertising credits
Get 15 listing credits and CA$6.60 in credit to advertise your items with Etsy Ads each month.
Help when you need it
We're committed to helping our 1.7 million sellers thrive, with support and education for shops big and small.
Talk to us
Reach our support staff by email or request a phone call whenever you have a question.
Tips for success
Learn best practices for your business with our always-updating Seller Handbook.
Seller newsletter
Read the Etsy Success newsletter for tips on improving your shop, delivered straight to your inbox.
Get advice
Ask questions and find a community of sellers like you in Etsy's forums and Teams.
Seller Stories
Discovering Etsy changed my life — it has given me a venue to do what I love and opened up my small business to a worldwide audience.
Sarah from Ohhh Lulu Sews
Orilla, Ontario
Etsy has given me and other independent designers a worldwide platform where products – and the stories behind them – are celebrated.
Gaby from Truvelle
Vancouver, British Columbia
To us, Etsy means a fundamental change in the way we do business and earn our living. It has given us more creative freedom than we've ever enjoyed.
Mara and Patrick from Studio Licious
Caledon, Ontario
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some common questions about selling on Etsy.
How do fees work on Etsy?
Joining and starting a shop on Etsy is free. There are three basic selling fees: a listing fee, a transaction fee, and a payment processing fee.
It costs CA$0.26 to publish a listing to the marketplace. A listing lasts for four months or until the item is sold. Once an item sells, there is a 5% transaction fee on the sale price (including the delivery price you set). If you accept payments through Etsy Payments, we also collect a 3-4% + CA$0.25 payment processing fee when an item is sold.
Listing fees are billed for $0.20 USD, so if your bank's currency is not USD, the amount may differ based on changes in the exchange rate. The payment processing fee may also vary by bank country.
What do I need to do to create a shop?
It's easy to set up a shop on Etsy. Create an Etsy account (if you don't already have one), set your shop location and currency, choose a shop name, create a listing, set a payment method (how you want to be paid) and finally set a billing method (how you want to pay your Etsy fees).
What can I sell on Etsy?
Etsy provides a marketplace for crafters, artists and collectors to sell their handmade creations, vintage goods (at least 20 years old) and both handmade and non-handmade crafting supplies.
How do I get paid?
With Etsy Payments, our easy-to-use and secure payment system, you may accept payments from a wide variety of payment methods including credit and debit cards, PayPal, Google Wallet, Apple Pay, and Etsy Gift Cards. Funds from your sales are deposited directly to your bank account in your currency, no matter how or from where the buyer pays.
How does Etsy protect sellers?
Seller Protection is a programme that offers you peace of mind in the event of a transaction dispute. If you are unable to resolve a disagreement with a buyer and the transaction meets eligibility requirements, Etsy will help you resolve the issue through our dispute resolution system.
Do I need a credit or debit card to create a shop?
No, a credit or debit card is not required to create a shop. To be verified as a seller you have the choice to use either a credit card or to register via PayPal. You will not incur any charges until you open your shop and publish your listings.
Want more information? Here are some resources to help you get started.
Still have more questions? Feel free to contact us.Contact Etsy


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Why Windows' 'Safe Mode' Isn't So Safe
Windows has, for many years, come with a special mode you can load at boot called Safe Mode. The idea is that non-essential services and software don't load in safe mode and so it can be useful in diagnosing system problems.
You might assume that it can be useful in fixing malware infections and you'd be right, but not in all cases. As McAfee's Avert Labs points out in a blog entry, it's possible for malware to set itself up to load even in Safe Mode.
The software and services designated to run in Safe Mode are listed in these registry keys:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\ ControlSafeBoot\Minimal
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\ ControlSafeBoot\Network
McAfee says that malware can set itself through these keys to load at boot time even in a safe boot. They don't list any specific malware which does this.
What can you do to protect yourself? McAfee refers to their "safe surfing" guidelines. I would also say that this is another good reason to run with least privilege access, meaning that you should run normally as a standard user, and that this is most effectively done on Windows Vista.
Originally posted on the PCMag.com security blog, Security Watch.

subset: commoncrawl


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Oh, so much is happening. And there are three more days to go. I will survive!!
Last night I attended a reception for bloggers that was hosted by FamilySearch. All bloggers who were attending the FGS conference were invited. It was great to actually meet some of the bloggers I had never met and to be reintroduced to some of those I did know. Fun.
FamilySearch representatives provided so much information about new projects and improved services on familysearch.org. There was lots of information regarding RootsTech 2012. Many of us are going to want to help indexing the 1940 census starting next April. Progress is being made on putting Civil War records online.
One of the most impressive statements to me is that records are being added online within 4 weeks after being digitalized and the goal is to have them available in 2 weeks. Amazing. Indexing will come later but the images are going to be available for browsing. Well, we used to just wind microfilm; now we click on images. Which is easier on the shoulder?
Wednesday was society day. We had sessions on so many different topics from making sure our society is thinking about the future in meeting the changing needs of our members, both our current ones and our new ones. Sessions on social media in all forms were available all day. Brainstorming sessions were also offered so that we received ideas from many attendees. What a great variety of ideas. I loved it.
It's so difficult to unwind tonight. But tomorrow morning is coming. And there will be great sessions and the exhibit hall will also be open. I'm really looking forward to another great day.


text:
Connecting to your imotion IP camera*
Try the following connection options in iSpy or Agent to connect to your imotion IP camera. If an FFMPEG option is available we recommend you try that first as it will often be faster and include audio support. You can also try the VLC plugin in iSpy if the FFMPEG option isn't working.
The settings for imotion cameras are built right into our open source surveillance software iSpy and our Windows Service based platform, Agent - click "Add" then "IP camera with wizard" to automatically setup your imotion cameras. Start typing in the "Make" box to find your camera. If your camera is not listed in iSpy or Agent then click "Get Latest List" in settings or when on the add camera wizard. If you need to modify the URL then add or edit the imotion camera and you can modify the connection type and URL in the video source dialog (button is top of the first tab).
imotion compatible software*:
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text:
It's been an incredibly fun week traveling to Kauai and Maui with the TODAY Show crew to shoot the opening travelogue introducing the Hawaiian Islands. All done on behalf of my client, the Hawaii Visitors and Convention Bureau.
The show goes live tomorrow, Monday, May 20 at 1 a.m. from The Royal Hawaiian in Waikiki.
The public is welcome to view the live broadcast starting from Waikiki Beach. Special hotel access will only be given to guests. Make your signs and head on down for a chance to be on TV.
The photo above was taken on Monday at National Tropical Botanical Garden's McBryde Garden with Kumu Kapu Kinimaka-Alquiza and her beautiful halau. The photo below was taken on Wednesday as we watched the sunrise on Haleakala.
I won't give away anymore. I hear there's lots of fun planned for the thee hours. You'll have to tune in to see where the start of TODAY's Great American Adventure takes them in the islands of aloha. All five hosts are here too having a good time. Don't believe me? Follow the hashtag #TODAYinHawaii on Twitter and Facebook and see for yourself.
Head to bed now, set your alarm for 11 p.m., and enjoy the show!


text:
Women with drinking problems seek treatment an average of four to five years earlier than men with drinking problems, a new study reveals.
Researchers collected information from 274 men and 257 women in substance abuse treatment facilities and found that women sought treatment after about 10 years of having a drinking problem, compared with about 15 years for men.
In addition, the investigators found that women start drinking regularly around the same age as men — average age was 19 for women and 18 for men — and that self-reported drinking problems begin in the early 20s for both women and men.
The findings were released online Aug. 9 in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research.
"Historically, alcoholism has been considered a 'male disease' due to its markedly higher prevalence among men," study corresponding author Ben Lewis, a postdoctoral associate in the psychiatry department at the University of Florida, said in a journal news release. "More recently it has been recognized that while men may have a higher prevalence, women may be uniquely vulnerable to negative consequences of chronic drinking."
While the study did not determine why women seek treatment sooner than men, the fact that they do so is important information for doctors and other health care providers, said Rosemary Fama, senior research scientist and senior research neuropsychologist at Stanford University School of Medicine and SRI International, in the news release. She was not involved in the study.
Fama suggested that women may attach less social stigma to drinking problems than men and may be more willing to admit that they have a drinking problem and need professional help to deal with it.
"The bottom line is that hopefully these results will raise awareness concerning the restricted time window between alcohol problems and the development of sufficient negative consequences to prompt seeking treatment among women," study author Lewis said.
"These findings emphasize the need for greater attention to women's issues, determining sex-specific risk factors, as well as identifying subgroups most likely to require treatment. Additionally, there must be a greater awareness of the importance of intervening when alcohol problems are first experienced. If we are able to develop appropriate interventions, we may mitigate the need for inpatient treatment for some of these women," he explained.
Source: Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, news release


text:
To Make a Farm Teaser Trailer D (2011)
Fourth teaser trailer for To Make a Farm.
"It's pretty neat that your convictions can also be your life," says one of the subjects of Steve Suderman's documentary about small-scale organic farming. Here are people who've decided to put their money where their mouths are, turning their environmental idealism from theory into practice as they set out to establish their own local-supply food sources using sustainable means. We see trials, tribulations and triumph: livestock illness, soil irrigation catastrophe, social isolation and more--but at the end of the day a strong sense of satisfaction and optimism. The film is an inspiring example in these days of societal apathy and corporate hegemony, with its subjects living testaments to the validity of Gandhi's dictum, "Be the change you want to see."
The film gets personal, giving us a close-range view of humanity along with a detailed portrayal of the nuts and bolts of agriculture. The farmers come from various backgrounds and levels of relevant education, but they share a determination and generosity of spirit that's positively infectious. Environmentalist docs are growing in numbers as the global situation worsens, but this one is exceptionally hopeful. It's wonderful to see a film in which positivity and practicality are so closely linked. What Suderman and his subjects are saying is "Your convictions can be your life, too."
1 min 21 sec
Posted On
November 28, 2011
Steve Suderman
Steve Suderman
October 7, 2011
Unknown or Not Available
No Music Available


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When I import a database with materialized view mv_mt in just one schema I get no errors.
create materialized view mv_mt
refresh complete
next trunc( sysdate ) + 1
SELECT sysdate, media_type.*
from media_type;
But when I try to import the same database to a copy in another schema in the same tablespace I get the following errors:
IMP-00017: following statement failed with ORACLE error 1:
"BEGIN DBMS_JOB.ISUBMIT(JOB=>438,WHAT=>'dbms_refresh.refresh(''"ALEXANDRA""
"SS'),INTERVAL=>'sysdate + 1 / 24 / 60 / 6 ',NO_PARSE=>TRUE); END;"
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYS.I_JOB_JOB) violated
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_JOB", line 100
ORA-06512: at line 1
IMP-00017: following statement failed with ORACLE error 23421:
"BEGIN dbms_refresh.make('"ALEXANDRA"."MV_MT"',list=>null,next_date=>null,"
"L,push_deferred_rpc=>TRUE,refresh_after_errors=>FALSE,purge_option => 1,par"
"allelism => 0,heap_size => 0); END;"
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 23421 encountered
ORA-23421: job number 438 is not a job in the job queue
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 86
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_IJOB", line 793
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REFRESH", line 86
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REFRESH", line 62
ORA-06512: at line 1
IMP-00017: following statement failed with ORACLE error 23410:
"BEGIN dbms_refresh.add(name=>'"ALEXANDRA"."MV_MT"',list=>'"ALEXANDRA"."MV"
"_MT"',siteid=>0,export_db=>'ORCL01'); END;"
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 23410 encountered
ORA-23410: materialized view "ALEXANDRA"."MV_MT" is already in a refresh group
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 95
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_IREFRESH", line 484
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REFRESH", line 140
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REFRESH", line 125
ORA-06512: at line 1
Anyone any ideas?


text:
About Us
We're a new breed of investment banking boutique.
We deliver strategic advice and M&A execution to companies in the converging Internet, mobile and digital media sectors.
Successful tech M&A requires a deep and nuanced understanding of corporate strategy, technology sector dynamics, negotiation strategy and buyer decision-making processes. Great outcomes depend on understanding buyers' strategic interests, having access to the right corporate decision makers and creating a strong set of options. Tenacity and the ability to creatively bridge gaps between buyers and sellers are essential.
In other words, it's part experience, part art and certainly not a part-time job. It's all we do and we've done it for decades. Explore our site to learn more about the AP Difference.


text:
Mars7411 wrote:What's Bad About Obama's Next Term? We now have to Get shitty Health Care which will raise our taxes 85% and we have to even PAY for it, or if we don't get Obama care, we get Fined. Obama is the Most Communist and the Most Autocratic President we have ever had (if something is not going to get passed by congress, we will By-pass Congress through Executive orders). New gun Controls, a Ruined Economy. Does that Sound bad Enough?
What country do you Live in?
Actually sounds pretty nice to me. You should be glad that you have healthcare. Where I am businesses are required to employ a certain amount of non whites. The more non whites they employ the better "rating" they get. As a white male I have less chance of getting a job in my own country than a foreigner from China.
Our president was exposed about having sexual relations with a HIV+ woman. He explained that he just takes a shower after sex and it washes the HIV away. The head of the Department of Health also announced publically that a certain traditional food can help cure AIDS.
Our government spent billions on buying warships, guns and ammunition from the French which were inferior and outdated. It was exposed that part of these weapons deals included fancy cars for the government officials.
At one stage there was not enough electricity being produced so the country had to go through "load shedding" where electricity of certain suburbs was cut off as too prevent overloading the power grid. At the same time electricity was being sold to neighboring countries for a lower rate than it we were being charged.
Okay rant off. But yar, these are just a few things. And it's South Africa that I live in


text:
SOUTH BEND, Ind. - In a game of several close calls, Santa Clara women's soccer fought to a 1-1 tie with Connecticut to wrap-up its part in the Notre Dame Adidas Invitational. The Broncos move to 2-2-1 and the Huskies are also 2-2-1 after the tie.
Senior captain Lauren Matheson scored the Santa Clara goal in the ninth minute unassisted and freshmen goalkeeper Andi Tostanoski continued her solid play as she collected nine saves.
The Broncos next game will be vs. Georgetown on Fri., Sept. 7 at 4:30 p.m. as part of the Stanford Tournament. Two days later on Sun., Sept. 9 the team will host Boston University at 1 p.m.
Santa Clara took advantage of a Connecticut mistake in the ninth minute to jump to an early lead off the foot of Matheson. Matheson stole the ball from the defense in the box and chipped it over the goalkeeper for her first goal of the season.
The Huskies weren't down long as in the 23rd minute they tied the score on Danielle Schulmann's second goal of the season. Jennifer Skogerboe sent a lob into the box that Schullmann chipped past Tostanoski to even the score at 1-1.
Connecticut put two shots on goal in the last six minutes of the first half but Tostanoski saved both attempts to keep the score tied at 1-1 going into halftime.
Sarah Jackson gave her best effort to put Santa Clara back on top to start the second half but was denied on four shots. In the first six minutes of the half Jackson had three shots blocked by the Huskies' defense and sent one ball over the crossbar.
The Broncos had another chance to take the lead in the 73rd minute when freshman Dani Weatherholt had a shot blocked and Meleana Shim fired a shot that was saved by the Connecticut goalkeeper. Minutes later Kat McAuliffe fired a shot that was saved by the defense and Matheson's rebound was blocked.
Santa Clara continued its attack to start overtime as Jackson had another shot saved by Allison Saucier and minutes later Matheson hit the post. With no more scoring chances for either team the rest of the way, the game ended in a 1-1 tie.


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|General Information
|Elwë, Olwë, Celeborn, Círdan, Lenwë
|Physical Description
|Adoration for the sea/forest
|Average height
|Images of Teleri
The Teleri (Q, pron. [ˈteleri]) were the third of the Elf clans who took the Great Journey. They were the ancestors of the Valinorean Teleri (became known as the Falmari), and the Sindar, Laiquendi, and Nandor of Middle-earth.
The Nelyar ("The Third") were the largest of the three houses of the Elves. According to legend, the Teleri were descended from Enel, the third Elf to awake in Cuiviénen, his spouse Enelyë and their seventy-two companions; most of the Avari originally belonged to this clan. But it was Elwë, the first of the Teleri to come to Valinor, who became their king.
In ancient times they named themselves Lindar, or "Singers", because they were known for their fair voice.
During the Great Journey
When the Valar decided to bring the Quendi to Aman, they chose three ambassadors. Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë traveled there and tried to convice their people to make the journey. Many of them, particularly of the Nelyar clan, refused, and were named Avari, "The Unwilling".
The Teleri clan, led by Elwë and his brother Olwë was the last clan to depart, and they were the only ones who were unwilling to leave the wild lands of Middle-earth. After traveling for many years, the Teleri stopped near river Anduin being frightened by the Hithaeglir (Misty Mountains). Then a group led by Lenwë departed from the journey and headed south. They were called the Nandor. Eventually, the other Teleri passed the Misty Mountains and dwelt in eastern Beleriand near the river Gelion.
That was the time when Elwë fell in love with Melian the Maia and became separated from the Teleri, standing in the forest of Nan Elmoth for a long time only staring at her. Some Teleri, especially his friends and close relatives were searching for him for a long time.
When the Vanyar and the Noldor traveled into the West, the Teleri were living near the Gelion and did not hear Ulmo's call. When they learned that the others had traveled, they headed to the shores of Beleriand near the mouth of the river Sirion waiting for Ulmo. The Maia Ossë kept them company while they waited, and became their friend. Seeing that Elwë had disappeared, they made Olwë their only High King.
Later, when Ulmo arrived again with the island ferry, most of the Teleri agreed to travel. Again, there were some who wanted to stay with Ossë, and they were known as Falathrim, led by Círdan. After Elwë was found again and Círdan accepted him as King of Beleriand, the folk of both Elwë and Círdan became collectively known as the Sindar, who also called themselves the Eglath.
After the Great Journey
The island was stabilized by Ulmo near the Bay of Eldamar, and it was named Tol Eressëa, The Lonely Island. The Teleri lived there for many years until they felt that they should see the other Eldar who lived in Aman proper. With the help of Ossë they built ships and traveled to the coasts of Aman, where they dwelt. There Olwë built Alqualondë, the greatest city of Teleri, and its people were united with the people of Tirion and Finwë.
Later, when Melkor stole the Silmarils, the Noldor led by Fëanor demanded that the Teleri let them use their ships. When the Teleri refused, they took the ships by force, committing the First Kinslaying. For this reason few or none of the Teleri joined the host of the Valar which at the end of the First Age set out to capture Morgoth for good. It is recounted that the Teleri eventually forgave the Noldor for the Kinslayings, and the two kindreds were at peace again.
Sundering of Teleri
- Falmari. Led by Olwë, they (along with Elwë and his direct descendants) were the only Calaquendi of the Teleri clan. They lived in Tol Eressëa and along the east shores of Aman.
- Nandor Teleri who abandoned the Great Journey near river Anduin, led by Lenwë.
- Sindar All Teleri who remained in Beleriand. The Sindar of Beleriand called themselves simply Edhil, which means Elves, and is related to the Quenya word Eldar of the same meaning. Elwë was their King. These were further divided into:
- Iathrim[1], those who lived in Doriath, the realm directly ruled by King Thingol, that is Elwë.
- Falathrim, those who lived in the Falas ruled by Círdan.
- Mithrim[1], or Sindar of the North, those who lived in Northern Beleriand: in Hithlum, especially in the area called after them Mithrim, in Dorthonion or in Nevrast. They suffered most from Morgoth's attacks before the first rising of the Sun, and their remnants were largely absorbed by the Noldor who afterwards occupied those lands.
The Teleri spoke the Common Telerin language during the Journey, from which Sindarin (with its dialects of Doriathrin, Falathrin and North Sindarin) and Nandorin were derived, as well as the Telerin of Aman, often considered a dialect of Quenya (if only by virtue that it preserved more of the archaic Common Eldarin features than any other language and remained mutually intelligible with Quenya).
Teleri is the plural of Teler which means "last", root TEL.
In The Silmarillion the word Teleri refers both to the Third Clan in general, and that branch that made it to Aman, taken from the Vanyar and Noldor point of view; particularly the Teleri of Aman were called Falmari.
Equivalent names of the Teleri were Nelyar and Lindar. Lindar (Quenya "singers", pron. [ˈlindar]) was the name by which the Teleri called themselves.
Another name was Sindarin Glinnil (sing Glinnel), a name which appears to have been used only by the loremasters among the Eldar.[2]
The Teleri were also known by many other names: the Foam-riders, the Singers of the Shore, the Free, the Swift, the Arrow-elves (for their love of bow and arrow), the Elves of the Sea, the Ship-wrights, the Swanherds, the Gatherers of Pearl, the Blue Elves, and the people of Olwë.[3]
Other versions of the legendarium
In the early versions of Tolkien's mythology (see: The History of Middle-earth), they were known as Solosimpi ("Pipers of the Shores"), while the name Teleri was given to the clan of Elves known in the published version of The Silmarillion as Vanyar.
See also
(Quendi · People of the Stars · Firstborn · Elder Kindred)
|Three Kindreds:
(Eldar · Eldalië · Edhil)
|Vanyar (Fair-elves · Minyar) · Noldor (Deep-elves · Tatyar) · Teleri (Lindar · Nelyar)
(High-elves · Amanyar)
|Vanyar · Noldor · Falmari
|Sindar (Grey-elves · Eglath) · Nandor (Green-elves · Silvan Elves)
|Úmanyar · Avari (Dark Elves · The Unwilling)
|See Also:
|Awakening of the Elves · Sundering of the Elves · Great Journey
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Quendi and Eldar", B., Sindarin, 3.
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Part Four. Quendi and Eldar", pp. 378, 385
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "Part Three. The Later Quenta Silmarillion: (I) The First Phase: 3. Of the Coming of the Elves", p. 164
- J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"
- J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Of Thingol and Melian"
- J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië"
- J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Of the Sindar"
- J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Of Beleriand and its Realms"


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That part number is correct according to buytraxxas.com. Should be $3 at your LHS, that's what it sells for on buytraxxas.com anyway.
Paul Valenti
Slash 4X4 #25 (Mark Jenkins)
Hi Steve,
I noticed you didn't have the Losi springs on your setup. Everyone on this forum seems to hate progressive rate springs. Have you had success with them? Would you recommend running the Losi springs?
PLEASE do not PM me and immediately go offline :p
Thanks Steve and guys... Parts ordered!!
hey steve our outdoor track is rough big jumps dry dusty,with loam.med traction at best.my question is wld bow ties b a good tire for 4x4?.calibers are so good i cant c bow tie workn better.i want a back up tire bcause if we water b4 heat or it rains abit it is thick heavy mud.my cali on my buggy werent so good in that stuff.i can tell by tread pattern bow ties must have lots of forward bite.wwhat about running cali on front bow in back???
hey steve. just about finished all the adjustments on my p.e. just a quick questions though. the tracks i run on are pretty smooth, clay. pretty high bight i think. they are fairly tight. not to tight because my e revo runs through it fine. my question is, what weight oil do you recommend for such tracks? i have whatever weight is stock in the front right now and i put the 5k in the rear per your suggestion. i also switche the blue carriers to the plastic ones for 2.5 degrees instead of 4.
Steve...first time out with the setup and it is dialed...thanks! Indoor clay around 50 deg. 45wt Losi oil, had to add a bit more preload to get the ride height close. I had 50k in the diff from before so I went with it. I was getting too much bite in the turns and rolling over (if I didn't save it) with Bowties so I switched to the Calibers. Like you said, the Calibers had a good compromise between forward and side bite.
OK, after a night of running I do have a question. As the night went on, the track had more bite and It was hooking up too good in the turns and rolling occasionally. What are some changes I can make if I have his issue next time. Thanks!
hoovdog, Hey it was good meeting you guys too! Yeah, I was turning pretty consistent 26 sec laps and I felt a 12-lap qualifier was totally doable. However, my truck kept going into fail safe and I was never able to complete an entire run. I chased and troubleshot all kinds of stuff all weekend and found that it appears to be bad cells in my packs. My radio gear and ESC/ motor all checked out perfect.
Anyway, the truck was sick when it wasn't shutting down. I've got it all fixed now. Getting all new ROAR legal hardcase packs.
sirslash, The springs I have in my setup, I actually like pretty well. If you get the right rate with progressives they work really well. Linear springs are great too. Go with what feels best for you.
BC Slasher, I basically look to the Bowtie to give me more rotation in the corners. It allows the rear to loosen up a bit and swing around the apex. It still has great forward bite though. So, I just use Calibers primarily, and then switch to bowties when I want to loosen the rear a bit.
roadrunner, tight high-bite smooth - I'd still use my base setup for the diffs. 10K/50K/5K. Maybe even 7K up front if the layout is very technical.
The plastic 2.5deg toe carriers would be good to try as well. I use them on small tracks.
yeti, I found that on bumpy high-bite surfaces the trucks likes less physical/ mechanical steering angle. Switching back to big block tire tread and harder compounds also works great. Try running Pro-Line Switches or the TRX BF's. If the track is really causing traction roll, you could even try the hard compound Traxxas tires.
This is what I do with my steering. When the bite comes up strong and the truck is oversteering and or traction rolling, I'll switch to the rear steering link holes on the steering knuckles (plastic knuckles only)
- this requires you to run the plastic steering knuckles, which has the alternate steering link location. I do not know why the aluminum knuckles do not have this hole.
- you can also relax the sway bars too as if they are too tight or stiff, then it will make the truck difficult (twitchy) to drive on a surface like that. bumpy, highbite, clay...
thx for the tire info steve.i have another que.i just bought the sway bars.ran them last race .i wuznt as fast as i wuz the previous 4 races with no sways.the track is stupid loose.jumps are made with some sand and so are prts of the track.all the soft loose dirt gets pushed outside the line then gets bumpy dry and still loose.with that said,maybe i just had a bad day.but i am super consistant with the truck.so if the track is so loose do i even need sways?
Thanks for the great info Steve. Amazing what 1 or 2 millimeters adjustment on the sway bars do too. Still need a center diff (I'll paypal $50 for a new one shipped to St.Louis right now) and some camber fine tuning but man oh man what a difference.
I fount that STRC offers the alum knuckles with the 2nd hole like the plastic ones Got em on order. Thx.Originally Posted by Slaydaddy
hey steve what shock oil do you recommend on the big bores? same as the regular shocks?
I just had my first race day with this set up and WOW! It is much better than stock. I also use the proline shocks, which are amazing. i didn't win the Amain, but I made it into it and finished 8th out of 17 trucks. I am happy with that! i still have a lot of room for improvement in the driving department, but I am getting better and this set up lets me drive my truck much more aggressively.
VXL Amsoil 2WD Slash/ PE 4x4 Slash/ BL recoil
what oil weight are you using in those prolines
I'm not Steve obviously but you are in the set-up thread. Just go back to the first page dude. He's using the big bores and his oil is 60 front and 55 rear. When asked what brand of oil he uses Steve has replied that he usually uses Associated oils.Originally Posted by roadrunner6903
Paul Valenti
Slash 4X4 #25 (Mark Jenkins)
Hello everyone... I was curious what has been done to solve the issue with the rear diff oil leaking out? I added 10k into last night and today there was a nice amount seeping out at the drive shaft bearings?? I read that the rear diff case isnt sealed but what other options do we have besides having oil drip out and just be messy???
BTW... I love this truck!!!
Originally Posted by jnelson214
You probably need to replace the blue gasket...part #TRA5581
OK, I am going to check it now..Originally Posted by candbron
SLash 4x4 PE
bc slasher, I prefer to use the say bars in most conditions, but I wouldn't necessarily say that they are going to be great for everyone. Some may prefer a more relaxed feel from their truck.
I actually like sway bars in loose or slick conditions, because when it's loose, it's generally difficult to get ample response out of the chassis. Sway bars definitely help with this.
Most of your traction is going to come from your tires anyway. Chassis roll and weight shift more or less enhances the traction that the tires are providing. What that means is that you're going to feel the effects of sway bars more so with higher grip.
With that being said, when it's loose, sway bars aren't necessarily going to take much traction away, and in some cases they may even feel like they improve traction due to the faster response. Either way, they will still tighten up the chassis and improve response.
So, if you're happy with the feel and response of your truck without them, then stick with that and look to tires for your traction.
Ride height, camber, shock settings, sway bars, etc... all help to fine-tune traction, so don't neglect those settings. However, the right tires for your particular conditions is really what needs to be resolved first for your traction issues.
Hope this helps.
Actually it's part number 5381. The o-rings in 5581 are too small.Originally Posted by candbron
I have used TRA5581 before.
It is made for the JATO but is the same thing at half the price.
All you will need is the 2 blue o-rings and the diff gasket from the package.
No it's not the same. The blue o-rings are a different size in 5581. They are smaller due to the smaller outdrives on the Jato. Use what the exploded view calls for which is 5381.Originally Posted by candbron
5581 may still work, but you would have to stretch the o-ring causing it to wear out prematurely.
Okay.... I give up, that may be, however I know the main gasket fits.
#5381 it is.
Regardless this is the wrong thread for this.
I finally got the 2458A and 4957R Spings and it feels better already...
BTW - ARE these springs ultrashock springs....coz they fitted straight onto my big bore retainers...no need for other parts...is that right?
Thanks again guys and Slay..
Yes they ARE Ultra springs and you SHOULD need the ultra retainers as well. If you read back through the last few pages we discussed this already and Slayden said you need to use the Ultra retainers.
Paul Valenti
Slash 4X4 #25 (Mark Jenkins)
Mine were a direct fit also, no need for new spring retainers.
Same here, the ultra retainers actually fit sloppy. The stock ones on the big bores fit the Tmaxx and Slash 2wd springs perfectly.
...except (again as Slayden has stated) the springs rub the shock body! However, if in your extensive experience you guys know better than him...go with it!
Paul Valenti
Slash 4X4 #25 (Mark Jenkins)
It's all good. It's easy to get them all mixed up. I've been around them for a long time and can tell just by looking. LOL
Let me try to explain the differences:
- Ultra Shocks = plastic shock (used to be black back in the day, now they are gray)
- Big Bore Shocks (aluminum, Teflon coated and hard anodized)
- The Ultra shock bodies are actually larger in outer diameter than the Big Bores. This requires a larger inner diameter on the spring and spring collar.
- The Big Bore shock bodies have springs and collars made just for them. They are smaller in diameter to just fit the Big Bore shock bodies.
- The springs and collars from the Ultra shocks will work on the Big Bores.
- The collars from the Big Bores will not fit the Ultra shock bodies. The Big Bore springs will slide over the Ultra shock bodies though, but you must use an Ultra shock collar.
The Ultra shock springs feel a tad firmer than the Big Bore springs and they seem to hold ride height better and seem to be a better all around spring than the Big bore springs, IMO. The Big Bore springs tend to want more preload and at times depending on weight of the vehicle and track conditions, the Big Bore springs seem to need A LOT of preload. I prefer to use the Ultra springs as they feel more solid and consistent in their duties.
The side benefit to running the Ultra springs is that they are large enough to not rub the shock body and they look more pronounced on the vehicle.
You can use Ultra shock springs with the smaller collars but they don't fit properly, but will work.
I recommend to use the appropriate Ultra collars and retainers with the Ultra springs. The collars slide over the Big Bore shock body pretty loosely, but this has no effect on anything. If anything at all, it's better because it's resistant to dirt binding the larger collars and springs against the shock body.
Anyway, thats about all there is to it. Lots of different springs and combos will "work". However, this is what I'm using.
I keep linear and progressive rate springs in my box. I would suggest the progressives on smoother tracks with big jumps and the linears are good for really rough tracks.
Linear spring examples: Rustler, Stampede, Bandit
Progressive spring examples: Slash, Slash 4x4 & Option T-Maxx/ E-Maxx springs
I keep all of these in my pit box, front and rear and tune accordingly.
The springs I generally start with is in my base setup. Which is generally Rustler/ Stampede linear fronts on the front and Maxx progessives on the back.
I've been known to switch to Rustler/ Stampede linear rears on the back.
Hope this helps!
WOW That clarification of Ultra Shocks helped me see the picture. I thought "Ultra Shocks" were an upgrade not the stock shock that have been on traxxas trucks for years. Thanks Steve. Sometimes it's the simple stuff that helps most.
partly thanks to the tips found here in this topic. I have a 3rd place in the dutch national winter rallycup 2009-2010, unlimited class.
and a 3rd place in today's last race, A-main
setup: part steve slayden but no centerdiff, no swaybars and i use losi springs.
slash 4x4 VXL, Novak HV4.5, MMP
cool taht you were able to acomplish it without the center diff. Must've been good driving! Otherwise I will be running the losi springs too, lots of people have had success with them.
PLEASE do not PM me and immediately go offline :p
Thanks for the help with the Oil leaking issue... I did find the problem and it was a simple o-ring that was bent a bit.....
OK so had it out this weekend and since I have added the center diff 50k/ rear diff is 10k and front diff is 15k
and changed the
springs REAR progressive and
Front SLash 2wd springs
shocks rear 50wt
front 60wt
Sway bars are 5mm front and rear
pretty close to everything that slayden had written in the set up in this thread.... what i have seen that is different is
BODY ROLL.... I think it is worse than my stock set up? does this happen from the center diff? when I throttle threw a turn it flips... when I brake or release the throttle the front dips and the rear wheel comes off the ground like a ENDO,,,,, haha
what else can I do to help with body roll?
SLash 4x4 PE
what is your ride height? mine stays flat on the ground diving into turns off a jump or speed turns. running at at 26-28mm from floor to bottom of skid late with 2s 5000. clay track. just a thought?
While I'm waiting for rear axles, I'm switching to the Slayden setup. Appreciate the guidance Steve, great thread.
What brand diff oils are you guys using? There doesn't seem to be consistent units of measure (CST vs Wt) between brands, or even within a brand. I bought an Associated 10k CST diff oil that came in a bottle, then saw a cup of 10k Wt, whats the diff ( )?
I found a couple threads here and on other forums that explain CST vs Wt, which I get, but those were geared more for shock oils. What SHOULD I be using? Or, Steve, what are you using?
new racing tires - http://forums.radiocontrolzone.com/s...d.php?t=258933
I approve of this message


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CAMP DENALI, Alaska – As a high school dropout, Army Spc. David Huff has accomplished more than he ever expected in the past three and a half years.
Upon completing the Alaska Military Youth Academy ChalleNGe Program, enlisting in the Alaska Army National Guard and graduating from the National Guard Patriot Academy, Huff is now bound for the U.S. Military Academy Preparatory School and U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
After an altercation led to suspension at the end of his freshman year in high school, Huff was left six credits behind and with a diminishing grade point average.
"I had to make up those credits, and I had an attitude problem," said Huff, 21, a signal support systems specialist for the 297th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade, Alaska Army National Guard. "So I dropped out of high school and was accepted into the AMYA."
The AMYA ChalleNGe Program is designed to intervene and reclaim the lives of Alaska's at-risk youth and produce graduates with the skills to succeed as adults.
"I got angry really easily and let opportunities that I could have had go by the wayside under my own free-will and accord," Huff said. "I did well at the AMYA but still left there dealing with some issues of immaturity."
Two months after he talked to a recruiter, Huff enlisted in the Alaska Army National Guard and took advantage of another opportunity by attending the National Guard Patriot Academy.
While lack of funding closed this pilot program in January, the Patriot Academy offered qualified recruits the opportunity to finish high school and earn college credit while giving back to the community.
Two of Huff's role models, including an instructor at the Patriot Academy, helped him refocus on long-term life objectives, said Army Brig. Gen. Mike Bridges, commander of the Alaska Army National Guard. They guided him toward "being successful and to really go for a diploma and look at other options," he said.
"One of those other options was the potential to receive a National Guard nomination to West Point from the Alaska Army Guard," Bridges said.
With no knowledge of West Point, Huff began researching the academy that has become synonymous with educating, training and inspiring many of the Army's greatest leaders throughout the past 200 years.
"To see the people who have actually gone to West Point and to see the things they have done, [attending] is a goal worth aiming for," Huff said. "The experience that you get there, the different people that influence you, it's second to none."
With thousands of students applying to West Point each year, it is an exceptional honor to be accepted for admission. After being denied admission twice, Huff was finally admitted into the West Point Preparatory School on his third attempt.
"I was taking college English, Trigonometry, and Chemistry, and they saw I was doing well," Huff said. "I'm extremely grateful they recognized the academic and leadership potential in me because usually when they say 'no' the first time, it stays 'No.'"
With roots in the Alaska Army National Guard, Huff will be able to share what he's learned here and also expand on that, giving even more to the country with this new venture.
"We will feel bad about losing a great soldier from our ranks who has potential and is doing well, but the Alaska Army National Guard is sharing this young man and his potential with the nation through service," Bridges said. "He is succeeding in a great way, which makes us very proud of being his host family unit."
"For me to even have the opportunity to go to the prep school is a blessing in and of itself," Huff said. "Through all this, I've learned that you really can't go anywhere unless you have a goal in life."
With a growing list of people Huff attributes to his success, there are two people that stand out -- his father, Darryl Huff, and retired Army Gen. Colin Powell.
"Apart from God, I couldn't have made it this far without my dad," Huff said. "It's amazing what God has done for me, and my dad always knew I could do better and pushed me."
Huff has nothing but accolades for Powell after reading his book, "My American Journey," while attending the AMYA. Huff said his guiding principle in life came from the book: "There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work and learning from failure."
"I changed my mindset and my history of getting in trouble into something positive," Huff said. "You get the right mindset, you get hungry, and you go after what you want."
Huff will be leaving for the West Point Prep School this month.


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Linux vs Windows: file names and file type associations
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[6 Posts]
Joined: 20 Oct 2005
Posts: 451
Location: Boston MA USA
Posted: Sat 03 Dec 2005, 20:57
Post subject:
Linux vs Windows: file names and file type associations
In Windows, file names matter -- the file extension is used to associate the file with the type of program that will be used to execute/process files of that type.
In Linux, files can be named most anything, and the file extensions are mostly not needed/used, except maybe by the humans looking at the files to keep track of things.
Instead, the first line inside the files is used with a special #! command to tell the system what program to use to process the file.
Don't Judge a File by its Filename
Many people just assume the computer will do the right thing with their files, without understanding how the computer could possibly know what the right thing may be. Double-click a file or a web link and it magically opens the correct program to load that data. How does a computer associate a given file with a given program?
There are three basic approaches used on today's computers to associate various files with application programs.
* explicit external type declarations (scripts and mime)
* implicit naming type declarations (filename extensions)
* implicit data analysis declarations (magic and shebang)
An explicit external type declaration is formed when some external piece of information explicitly describe's the type of data, such as a command script or a MIME header like "text/plain".
Web browsers often rely on the use of explicit types like MIME headers, to know how to render a given website or image. The web server prefaces each element on every file requested with a few lines of text, and MIME type is one of the things included in that header. The web browser reads those lines but does not display them. Email attachments also usually require MIME types to make sense of them.
An implicit naming type declaration is managed through an external association table that is based on the naming conventions for the file, such as a filename's ending extension like ".bat" or ".jpg".
MS-DOS and Windows is heavily dependent upon the filename extension to know what application should be run. MS-DOS knows that .BAT, .COM and .EXE files are executable. Windows maintains a table of "file associations" that identifies that .TXT files should be opened with Notepad, that .XLS files should be opened with Microsoft Excel, and so on.
A typical Windows system may have a few hundred file types listed in that file association table. When developers create new software programs, they have to choose their filename extensions carefully to avoid conflicting with other existing programs. Indeed, some extensions may be ambiguous and some applications clobber that table's entries for accidental or competitive reasons.
Additionally, Windows often tries to hide file extensions from users. Trojan and virus programs often use inconsistent behavior to their advantage: the filename BritneySpears.jpg.exe looks to the user to contain a harmless JPEG-type image, but appears to the system to contain an executable program.
Some web server applications internally rely on such implicit type associations as well, when explicit type data are not available.
An implicit data analysis declaration is an internal or external association that is based on peeking at the actual data in the file, such as magic numbers or the shebang notation like "#!/usr/bin/perl". More about this shebang notation is in the following section.
Unix and Linux rely mostly on this scheme for file type determination. Any file may contain any kind of data, and the name itself doesn't matter. (In fact, most commands are just script files that have no filename extension.) When new file data types become somewhat widespread, a developer adds some tips and heuristics to "fingerprint" the data to correctly recognize files of that type in the future. A command called file can apply those heuristics to any given file, and report back the file's data type, if known. Since most of the heuristics rely on the first two or four bytes of a file, it's quick and pretty reliable, it can't be fooled by just renaming the file, and gives more possibilities than three or four letters in a filename. These heuristic bytes are often called the 'magic number' to describe its type.
The file command can be used at any time to find out the sort of data that is found in a given file. Just provide the filename of the file to examine. Here is the output when given the bash executable file for a test.
$ file /bin/bash
/bin/bash: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV),
dynamically linked (uses shared libs), stripped
To demonstrate that it's the contents and not the filename, try something like the following.
$ file britney.jpg
britney.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01, resolution (DPI), 72 x 72
$ mv britney.jpg britney.exe
$ file britney.exe
britney.exe: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01, resolution (DPI), 72 x 72
Some helpful manual pages on your Linux system may be (man ls), (man file), and (man chmod).
Some helpful google searches may be linux mime file types, and linux file formats and magic numbers.
Next: The Whole Shebang, or What's in a Script >
Text, code, layout and artwork are Copyright 1996-2005 Ed Halley.
Copying in whole or in part, with author attribution, is expressly allowed.
The Whole Shebang, or What's in a Script
A shell script is merely a list of commands to be executed in the proper order by a shell environment like bash. A shell script can do anything that you could type manually. Conversely, you could type anything that a shell script contained, to do the same tasks manually.
There are many shell script interpreters, and some that are not even intended for use as an interactive command prompting space for users to type their commands. For example, Perl scripts may start with a shebang line similar to #!/usr/local/bin/perl. They're still interpreted by that process and any code within is executed on behalf of the user who invoked the command.
Also, note that the filename has nothing to do with the type of shell required for running the script. The script could have been called sample, or sample.pl or even kernel.exe. In Unix and Linux, it is the contents (such as its shebang), and not the name, which determines how the system will go about executing or opening the file. Many of the commands you run in Linux are just shell scripts that have no filename extensions.
Some helpful manual pages on your Linux system may be (help source), (man bash), (man chmod), and (man perl).
Some helpful google searches may be linux shell commands scripts, linux shebang notation, linux bash PATH variable, linux file mode permissions, and common scripting languages.
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Official Dog Handler
Joined: 04 May 2005
Posts: 13368
Location: Arizona USA
Posted: Sat 03 Dec 2005, 23:33
Post subject:
Hey, thanks! That is very educational.
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Official Dog Handler
Joined: 04 May 2005
Posts: 13368
Location: Arizona USA
Posted: Sun 04 Dec 2005, 11:58
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Would whoever moved this to the Howto section please explain why? It doesn't seem to me that it belongs here.
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Joined: 03 Jul 2005
Posts: 24
Location: Gulf Coast TX-MX
Posted: Mon 23 Jan 2006, 12:21
Post subject:
Flash, I didn't move it. But it seems like a good place to be.
Would whoever moved this to the Howto section please explain why? It doesn't seem to me that it belongs here.
Howto understand files types!
Just my humble opion. By the way I think it's very educational too.
Steve (Muskrat) McMullen
Registered Linux User #305785
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Joined: 31 Dec 2005
Posts: 263
Location: California, USA
Posted: Mon 23 Jan 2006, 16:39
Post subject:
It might be worth expanding on this concerning the way Rox, Puppy's default file manager,
operate more by "extension" than by file type... so those who want special actions by Rox when files of particular kinds are clicked on need to set up what are in effect "file associations" for Rox, and users will need to retain file extensions carefuly when renaming files if they want Rox to continue to behave as expected.
The Unix/Linux approach, and the use of the file utility and its associated 'magic' data file to determine what sort of thing a particular file is, is well defined, extensible and powerful. But the chosen file manager in Puppy doesn't currently seem to make much use of that power, instead requiring that specific extensions on filenames be mapped to MIME types. This is why (for example) we need to have .pup files and .get files named with those extensions, if we want Rox to do something specific with them when they are clicked on, rather than just adding appropriate invariant data to our file formats and adding info on them to the 'magic' file.
The info in the article about how Linux generally handles figuring out file types is correct and informative, but it fails for one case most Puppy newcomers are likely to be interested in... how their file manager handles files and file type determination!
Adding pointers to the file(1) and magic(5) man pages for those who want to dig slightly deeper into the Unix approach would also be good:
Last edited by jmarsden on Sun 29 Jan 2006, 03:20; edited 1 time in total
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Joined: 31 Dec 2005
Posts: 263
Location: California, USA
Posted: Mon 23 Jan 2006, 17:02
Post subject:
A quick example of the power of 'file':
root@m1:/home/consulting# file sendmail-8.13.5-2.1.src.rpm
sendmail-8.13.5-2.1.src.rpm: RPM v3 src i386 sendmail-8.13.5-2.1
root@m1:/home/consulting# cp -p sendmail-8.13.5-2.1.src.rpm junk
root@m1:/home/consulting# file junk
junk: RPM v3 src i386 sendmail-8.13.5-2.1
Even without any extension at all, the file command still knows that the file 'junk' is an RPM, version 3, source, for i386, and was created with the name sendmail-8.13.5-2.1 -- I could have renamed the file to junk.deb or junk.foo and got similar results. You can get colour depth and pixel dimensions from many image file formats this way, too.
While the above example isn't directly useful (!), it shows that files can be easily checked to see what sort of file they are, without artificially restricting how we name them. Oh, and if for some reason I actually need to know the MIME type for junk, I can find it out without having to resort to application-specific configuration files:
root@m1:/home/consulting# file -i junk
junk: application/x-rpm
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135 Wooster Street Loft 4
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Skylight Music Theatre delivers an intimate 'Porgy & Bess'
Gershwins' opera refocused with smaller cast, theater
Powerful, emotional singing delivered a searing story of misery, heartbreak and hope in Friday's opening of the Skylight Music Theatre's "Porgy & Bess."
Directed by Bill Theisen - his last production as Skylight's artistic director - this "Porgy" relies on a chamber-ensemble cast and orchestra to tell a tale usually told with a huge chorus and full orchestra.
The Gershwin brothers' opera is set on the southeastern American coast, in the impoverished, African-American community of Catfish Row. Violence, poverty, rage and addiction tear the title characters apart, while the greater community finds its only hope in faith.
Skylight's reduced cast and small theater bring intimacy and visceral reality to the story, successfully serving as the chorus as well.
Lost in the small production is the broader picture of the despair and misery of an entire community, made clear each time the seemingly endless stream of chorus members in a big production spills out of the tattered set.
Instead, Skylight's production relies on the strength of the principal characters as both singers and actors.
Bass-baritone Jason McKinney creates a heartbreaking Porgy, singing with an enormous, colorful sound. Given Porgy's inability to walk, he manages this commanding performance while kneeling on the low, wheeled cart that serves as his wheelchair.
Kearstin Piper Brown sang the role of Bess on Friday, bringing a ringing, focused sound and a tremendous amount of heart to her role and making the audience empathize with her troubled character.
Soprano Adrienne Danrich was the musical and dramatic backbone of the Catfish Row community as Serena, shouldering both facets of her role with complete command.
Nathaniel Stampley delivered a riveting, well-sung Crown. Cecilia Davis (Clara) opened the show with a beautifully haunting "Summertime," part of a heartbreaking take on Clara. Tenor Anthony P. McGlaun created a charming, strutting Sporting Life, singing with ease and clarity.
Erica Cochran (Lily), Bill McMurray (Jake), Sean Miller (Mingo), Shawn Holmes (Robbins), Cameo Humes (Peter), Cynthia Cobb (Annie) and Jonathan Christopher (Jim) also brought musical and theatrical strength and focus to their roles.
Assistant director Sheri Williams Pannell played Maria with theatrical, if not vocal, strength. T. Stacy Hicks appeared as the Detective.
Simple, highly evocative sets by Ken Goldstein framed the show beautifully. Carol Blanchard's costume designs added layers to the story.
The production's nine-piece instrumental ensemble, playing a starkly reduced version of the original orchestration, suffered from uneven playing and multiple balance issues.
The Skylight's "Porgy & Bess" runs through June 9 at the Broadway Theatre Center. For tickets, go to www.skylightmusictheatre.org or call (414) 291-7800.
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Mammatus Ring Silver With Blue Topaz
Mammatus Ring Silver With Blue Topaz
Select your size Size Guide
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Stone: 4mm
All sizes available. Please write and request our size.
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View More Karolina Bik JewelleryRings
Meet The Designer
Karolina Bik is an educated and qualified goldsmither and since 2010 she runs successfully her brand named Karolina Bik Jewelry.
Her works are being sold in Galleries and Jewelry Shops all over the Globe. Karolina Bik travels the world with her jewellery participating in design fairs, exhibitions and art projects. Karolina Bik describing her very first contact with jewelry says: 'I was told by my mother that my fascination about jewelry started in an old German made cradle when my grandma gave me red beads made out of the ash tree. You know, after nearly thirty years of my life I still keep them'. Her relationship with jewelry can be narrated into one simple word - Love. Asked about her work she replies: 'I enjoy sitting in my studio on the old, high school chair and being immersed by creation. I am passionate about it and at the stage where I am now I cannot imagine a life without this creation'. Karolina believes that each object consists of three kinds of things: elements (materials), interconnections (used techniques and emotions) and a function or purpose (pieces having a purpose of a ring, necklace ex). As Karolina explains: 'For last few years I have been thinking about it. The interconnections are the most important. The copy of one object is never going to be the same because one can not copy the same emotions, imagination and motivation! This is what I apply in my works. I am giving you this third thing – Emotion, Story, Relation. It is not clearly visible at the first sight. This is where wearer has to see, feel, hear or experience it'.


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(919) 382-8700
Crystal Cruises has won dozens of "Best Of" awards from Travel + Leisure, Condé Nast Traveler and more. Whether dining on local foods using modern gastronomic techniques or enjoying classical fare, guests enjoy complimentary access to the main dining room and specialty restaurants. Crystal's all-inclusive, six-star style includes an impressive selection of complimentary fine wines and premium spirits, open bar service in all lounges, and pre-paid gratuities for all housekeeping, butler, bar and dining staff.
The company announced a major expansion from 2015-2018, rolling out new luxury river yachts in Europe, a 62-guest yacht exploring the Adriatic and other locales, three new ocean ships launching in 2018 and even its own 787 Dreamliner offering 28-day around-the-world luxury vacations.
Why Crystal: Crystal has been voted "World's Best" by the readers of Travel + Leisure and Condé Nast Traveler more than any other cruise line, hotel or resort in history.
Guests will enjoy:
Where They Cruise: Alaska, Caribbean, Europe, Mexico, Asia, and Australia
Don't Miss: The Crystal Symphony has recently undergone a $15 million redesign that includes the newly styled Avenue Saloon, Bridge Lounge, Galaxy Lounge Showroom, Palm Court, Hollywood Theatre, and Waves and Fantasia teen and kids centers.


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Agenda: November 7, 2012 Infrastructure Equity PEG Meeting
November 7, 2012 from 10:00 a.m. to 12 p.m. (noon)
1900 SW 4th Avenue, Portland, 2nd floor, Conference Room 2500A
Welcome (10 minutes)
Presenter: Andree Tremoulet, facilitator
- Icebreaker
Announcements (5 minutes)
Presenter: Bob Glascock
Gentrification and Displacement (40 minutes)
Presenter: Tom Armstrong (BPS)
- Infrastructure investments can make neighborhoods more attractive, which can lead to involuntary displacement. How can the City be more sensitive to, or mitigate, these impacts?
Infrastructure Service Levels (discussion continued from October PEG meeting)
1. Small group (20 minutes)
Find your seat assignment. Discuss these questions:
- What would more equitable service look like?
- Would making this service more equitable possibly risk displacement and gentrification?
2. Full PEG discussion (30 minutes)
- Water
- Environmental Services
- Transportation
- Parks
Public Comment (10 minutes)
Wrap up (5 minutes)
For more information, please contact Andree or Bob:
- Andree Tremoulet, Commonworks Consulting, at 503-267-9255 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Bob Glascock, Bureau of Planning and Sustainability at 503-823-7845 or email@example.com.


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So long, Seattle
SEATTLE — There are a bunch of behemoth softball dudes on the field right now taking huge hacks here at Safeco Field. And boy are they making this park look small. Matt Stairs would certainly not look out of place in this Home Run Derby.
There's been some monster shots off the windows of a restaurant on the second deck in right and one that nearly bounced off the Safeco Field sign that towers over the upper deck in left — right up by the tracks for the retractable roof. Wild stuff.
Speaking of tracks, Jays skip Cito Gaston was weaving some tales of his days playing ball back in the 1970s. He brought up a time when he played for a team in Leone, Mexico and travelled to a stadium where train tracks literally ran through the ballpark. Twice a game, time had to be called while a train passed through the outfield.
On a side note, farewell to the Seattle Supersonics. Being a big NBA fan, I think it's a travesty that there won't be a team in this town. At least the city was able to retain the team name and history in the deal. Hopefully it won't be too, too long before the Sonics are back. Watching Michael Jordan and the Bulls beat Seattle in the 1996 Finals, when MJ won it on Father's Day after losing his dad, is one of my favorite sports memories.
Back to baseball…
Today's lineups:
TORONTO (41-44) at SEATTLE (32-51)
at 10:10 p.m. ET at lovely Safeco Field
David Eckstein, SS
Marco Scutaro, 2B
Alex Rios, RF
Vernon Wells, CF
Matt Stairs, DH
Scott Rolen, 3B
Rod Barajas, C
Lyle Overbay, 1B
Adam Lind, LF
PITCHING: RHP Dustin McGowan (6-6, 4.26)
Ichiro Suzuki, RF
Miguel Cairo, 2B
Raul Ibanez, LF
Adrian Beltre, 3B
Jeremy Reed, CF
Richie Sexson, 1B
Jeff Clement, DH
Kenji Johjima, C
Yuniesky Betancourt, SS
PITCHING: LHP Jarrod Washburn (3-7, 4.30)
12 Comments
It looks like stairs may go to the Dodgers remember I said may.
What this team needs is Ichiro I think they may trade him why not to the Jays.
I live out west it's only 8:00 PM out here not to late for me.
Garry-who are we rumored to be getting from the Dodgers in return?
All they have done is talked so I don't know who scroll down on the right and read MLB trade rumors.
Garry-That rumor is from Rosenthal. I don't hold a lot of credence in his stuff, but Stairs is one to trade unless we pick it up soon.
Check out Robinson Diaz, on re-hab in Gulf Coast Jays. in 5 games hitting .563. I think he's ready for a move back up to Syracuse. Maybe he's feeling the heat from J.P. Arencibia who's on as big of a terror in AA as he was in Dunedin. It'd be interesting if they both move up to AAA. One way of the other I think we'll see the end of Curtis Thigpen before long.
Arenciba is looking like a solid power hitter and RBI machine. In 72 games, he's got 25 doubles, 16 hr's and 72 rbi's. Right now, he's our best hitter in the minors.
The other guy that looks better each day is our new number one draftee this year, David Cooper. In 16 games, our future 1st baseman is hitting .338BA/.411OBP/.585 slg. with 8 doubles,2 hr.'s and 16 RBI's. I expect he'll be moved up to Dunedin very soon. Maybe for once, JP didn't lie to us when he said Cooper has a really good bat.
hHe was bound to be right one of these times.lol.
Well unless these guys really pick it up he's one of many that would be available.
How in h–l can a team with the power that the Jays have get beat by a team as poor as Seattle it makes no sense
Man, did Lind ever drill that-it had to be 430 ft. In the 8 games since he was brought back up ( including tonight), he's hitting .350 with 10 RBI's and 3 Hr's.
I wonder if Lind had a problem with Gibby, he sure seems to like playing for Cito.
Well any thought anyone had about Tampa Bay sliding should be forgotten tonight. They just swept the Red Sox.
Were lucky we won the first game or Seattle would have swept us.
McGowan is not sharp tonight at all.
It seems every time we get the lead or tie it up we give it away again this team is not worth watching.
The Jays are 12 games out, but if the draft were held today, they would not have a top 10 pic. That is hard to believe. Perhaps it is better to look at trading pitching for established prospects rather than focusing on the first round of the draft.
are you still alive?????


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NASCAR Sprint Cup: Talladega qualifying will be an Aaron's 499 preview
In recent seasons, qualifying sessions for NASCAR had lost much of their luster.
The simple quest of determining which driver could post the fastest one-lap speed and lead the field of the race once drew crowds of thousands to tracks.
For many reasons – including economics, the length of the sessions and the ability of drivers to win from virtually any position in the field – interest in traditional qualifying waned.
Then NASCAR implemented its new knockout qualifying procedures to start the 2014 season. The Nationwide and Truck series began using the new two- or three-round format to determine the pole winner for their respective season openers at Daytona.
The Sprint Cup Series stuck to its more traditional qualifying procedures for the Daytona 500, bringing us to Saturday's 1 p.m. ET qualifying session at Talladega (Ala.) Superspeedway – the first on a superspeedway this season.
The knockout sessions, where all teams compete against each other in timed sessions, has been an overwhelming success among competitors, fans in the stands and on TV so far this season.
This weekend, the best may be yet to come.
"I think it's going to be awesome," said Kyle Busch, who won the spring Talladega Cup race in 2008. "I think it's going to be some of the most fun sessions we get to have.
"I think you're going to have guys that try to get in a line of two, three, four cars, and then try to chase down the pack to see how fast they can get going and what kind of laps they'll run.
"Talladega is going to be a whole pack of cars trying to figure it all out, so there's going to be some interesting moments there."
For that reason, Fox Sports has decided to air Saturday's session live on network TV, moving it from Fox Sports 2. It's the first time the network has broadcast qualifying live outside of the Daytona 500.
"Talladega is famous for four-wide racing in all our racing events," speedway chairman Grant Lynch said. "Now fans can get ready for it in qualifying."
At Talladega this weekend, the new format will pit drivers against each other in three segments. The first is 25 minutes long, then the top 24 move to the second round, which is 10 minutes long. After that, the top 12 move to a final five-minute session to determine the pole winner.
Like in the racing at Daytona and Talladega, in the qualifying session, teams are allowed to draft with one another to post faster speeds. The result is the possibility of several mini-versions of Sunday's 500-mile Aaron's 499 race.
"It is going to be extreme – you can't predict it. It's just going to be out of control, in a good way," said six-time Cup champion Jimmie Johnson. "There could be some wrecks because there's going to be a lot of cars out there."
Since drivers have shown you can win from virtually any starting position, some have proposed the idea of perhaps sitting out what could easily become a wild event.
"I thought about just going home and starting in the back," Kevin Harvick said jokingly.
"It will be interesting and it's just kind of a crap shoot just like the race, but it will be exciting for sure. It will definitely be better than watching 3 1/2 hours of one car going around the race track, I promise you that."


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Hello everyone,
I have really bad problems with maths. I get numbers muddled up, flip them upside down, and see them backwards. The Dyspraxia Foundation lists 'reversal or omission of figures' in its list of symptoms. I also have difficulty actually applying mathematical concepts (for instance, I sometimes add when I should divide or forget all the procedures). Does anyone else have these problems? Are they part of dyspraxia on its own, or is this an overlap with dyslexia that I am experiencing? I don't see how, as my reading and spelling skills are very good.
Anyway, I have a friend who has worked out a new numerical system to help me to read numbers. If there is anyone else on here who suffers from this problem, I will ask him if I can post the system on here. What do you think? Would it help you?


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Planning Strategy:
The University of Pennsylvania Golkin Hall, one of the nation's oldest and most distinguished law schools, is renowned for providing a cross-disciplinary legal education in an intimate environment that encourages collaborative scholarship and study. The new building and the reassigned spaces must promote the collegial and collaborative environment that supports the educational mission at Penn Law. A key architectural goal for the complex is to enhance existing interactions and facilitate new ones between faculty members, between students, and among faculty, students, and staff. The new building must be respectful of the existing facility, particularly historic Silverman Hall and of the interior Courtyard. The new wing also should celebrate the presence of the Golkin Hall in its urban setting and symbolize Penn's commitment to the community of which it is a part.
The existing Pepper Hall will be completely replaced with a multi-story, multi-use facility. The envisioned building will provide increased space in the complex for faculty offices, research centers, administrative offices, student organizations, teaching facilities, and spaces designed for interactions that foster the cross-disciplinary thinking for which Penn Law is widely known.
Total Project Cost:
December 2011
Kennedy & Violich
Related Links:
Penn Golkin Hall
Golkin Hall Construction Blog and Video


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All vessels on Lady Elliot Island have now been fitted with jet drives, replacing the old style and environmentally unfriendly propellers, to ensure the reduction of environmental impact on the reef and its inhabitants.
Following the success of launching the first jet powered outboard motor on the Great Barrier Reef in 2011, Lady Elliot Island has imported four (4) additional sets of jet pumps from the US that have been installed on the island's dive and snorkel vessels in what is another fantastic environmental step towards protecting the reef surrounding the island.
The jet motors are propeller free and have no projection below the hull, allowing the vessel to manoeuvre around coral, marine life and people without causing any damage or danger compared to a conventional propeller motor. The jet powered motors enable the boats to draw less than 200mm of water, much less than a propeller driven outboard and we have been extremely impressed with the results.
"These boats can now do tours in very shallow water which means that we are less dependent on tides. This is the most amazing thing for reef boating that I have seen. It is fantastic for the environment minimising the impact to marine life and coral and makes the boat safer in the water. All in all it provides a better experience on the reef." Peter Gash, Managing Director
In 2011, Lady Elliot Island introduced the first night time glass bottom boat tour on the Great Barrier Reef using LED lighting aboard our jet powered vessel Heron View 2. This tour has been very popular with our guests and now we are trialling black light (UV) on the vessels. This light allows the reef to be seen like never before, showcasing the iridescent colours of the reef and marine life that are completely different to what you see throughout the day.


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Kinnamon, Michael is the author of 'Ecumenical Movement An Anthology of Texts and Voices' with ISBN 9782825411872 and ISBN 2825411876.[read more]
You can find lots of answers to common customer questions in our FAQs
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Open Anthropology is the newest publication of the American Anthropological Association (AAA). It is a digital-only publication that will be provided to the public free of charge. This is the first AAA publication that uses responsive design and is readable on mobile devices, such as iPhones.
In providing this journal to the public, AAA is alerting its members and other interested audiences that it is committed to examining new approaches to journal publishing, and that some of these potential options include "open access" models for in-demand content.
In its inaugural issue, Open Anthropology editor Alisse Waterston (John Jay College, CUNY) curates AAA's finest articles on marriage and other arrangements. In the issue's ten articles and two book reviews, Waterston provides a cross-cultural sampling of the anthropological research on the subject. Waterston notes that in this issue, "Cutting through the nonsense thought and dangerous talk, anthropologists set the record straight on marriage and other arrangements."
Content in Open Anthropology will be culled from the full archive of AAA publications, curated into issues, and will be freely available on the internet for a minimum of six months, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text of these articles. Each issue will be dedicated to topics of interest to the general public, and that may have direct or indirect public policy implications. "We hope that Open Anthropology will help make anthropology and anthropologists more visible outside the academy and expand our role in important social issues and policy discussions" says AAA President, Leith Mullings.
Open Anthropology is available at http://www.aaaopenanthro.org.


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When you have
COPD, it's easier for you to get lung infections like
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COPD causes your airways to get
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infections also cause more shortness of breath and coughing when you have COPD
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If you have COPD and
symptoms of acute bronchitis or pneumonia, you should see your
Symptoms of acute bronchitis
Symptoms of pneumonia include:
You may need to take antibiotics and other
medicines to prevent the problem from getting
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This forum deals with Edmontons development, from its business and economy, including Edmontons image locally and nationally, to general ideas and concepts about design and architecture and what works best, and worst, in the Edmonton environment (Architecture and Design). Specific projects - past, present, and future - are the focus of the Real Estate & Development forum.
Heres where you can read about business and the economy in the Edmonton region - announcements and results, emerging technologies, relocations, mergers, acquisitions, as well as Edmontons national and international profile. Comment, inform, discuss all of these topics.
Today, 10:58 AM
Use this forum to read, comment on and suggest your own ideas and concepts about design and architecture and what works best, and worst, in the Edmonton environment, practically and philosophically.
This forum looks at specific real estate projects and developments - past, present, and future - in the Edmonton area. Heres where to look for updates on developments, read about new projects, suggest improvements to buildings or other projects.
Federal Building / Centennial...
Today, 10:02 AM
Edmonton continues to improve its ranking as a major transportation hub for northern Canada and beyond. New air routes, more cargo, Port Alberta, a major rail operations centre and the related infrastructure are all part of this increasingly critical component of the regions economic growth. Contribute your ideas and comments here.
Are you visiting Edmonton in the near future, or if you live here, do you have ideas about how we can promote ourselves more effectively? What are our best and worst attractions? Post here for information or to provide suggestions!


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Monday, July 28, 2014
Summer Art Bucket To-Do List Part 2: In case you need more ideas of ways to entertain your kids!
The girls and I made a second Summer Fun ART Bucket List.
Here it is. If you need us, we'll be in the art studio, getting crafty!
Magazine Drawing idea here.
Gorgeous family Rock painting inspiration from Alisa Burke here.
Make a Mandala idea and template is here.
Doily Dream catchers loveliness can be found here and for a big fun version check this one out!
"I Am" collage idea here.
Happy Summer Crafting!
Pink and Green Mama, MaryLea
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Friday, July 25, 2014
Imaginative Play: Cardboard Box Machine #playmatters
Labels: Cardboard Box Crafts, Create, Play, Recycle Crafts
Monday, July 21, 2014
Kitchen Counter Science: Baking Soda and Vinegar Glitter Bombs #kitchencounterscience
My 11 year old daughter, "E" made baking soda and vinegar baggy bombs at school as part of a science unit on liquids, solids, and gasses. It is a classic science project that can be found on numerous science project websites. She came home and wanted to make some with me and her sister.
We decided as a group it would be more fun to add our own colorful, rainbow twist to the experiment and that is how our baking soda and vinegar glitter bombs were born!
Labels: Backyard Fun, Explore, School Age, Science
Thursday, July 17, 2014
Color Mixing Fun in the Bathtub!
Disclosure: This is not a sponsored post but it does contain Amazon Affiliate links. As always, all opinions are truthful and my own.
One of our favorite bath time activities is mixing colors and "potions" with colored water.
It's an oldie but goodie that has been going strong in our household for the past 11 years!
Monday, July 14, 2014
EBOOK Summer SALE!
Hello Friends!
All of my EBOOKS are 50% off right now.
All of my EBOOKS are 50% off right now.
Keep the kiddos entertained for summer or start planning your new school year early!
Just enter the code: summer2014
in the "Code" box on the ebook checkout button and you're good to go!
(This code is good through September 30, 2014.)
You can find my ebooks by clicking on the buttons on the right side of the blog
OR by clicking on the SHOP: Lesson Plans/EBOOKs button at the top of the blog!
Pink and Green Mama, MaryLea
Pink and Green Mama, MaryLea
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Labels: EBook
Friday, July 11, 2014
Invitation to Create: Oil Pastel with Black Paint Resist #invitationtocreate #creativitymatters #creativetable
On of our biggest summer inspirations from Rachelle Doorley's Tinkerlab book were her "Invitations" to Create.
I love the way she sets up a table for her kids with inviting art materials to encourage them to sit down and create, explore, and tinker. I've set one of my summer goals on this concept, to set up a table in the art studio several times a week this summer presenting the girls with a new art medium to explore. It may be something they've worked with before, it may be something brand new. Some set ups will be quite simple, others may have a bit more to them. I plan to sit down with the girls and enjoy making and creating alongside them.
It's good for our souls and is a fun way to bond with them now that they are a bit older and can sit longer and explore more complex art materials.
Labels: Create, Displaying Children's Art Work, Invitation to Create, Oil Pastels, Paint, School Age
Tuesday, July 8, 2014
Summer Beach Craft for Kids: Painting Seashells with Children
This post first appeared on my blog in 2009. Many of you weren't reading my blog then so I wanted to bring back this little gem from my archives. Enjoy! Here is a link to the original post.
Saturday, July 5, 2014
Summer ART Bucket List - Prevent Summer Break Boredom by Keeping Kids (and Parents) Entertained with Fun Art Projects and Activities!
We are officially one month into our summer vacation and trying to find the right balance of scheduled activities with enough downtime at home to keep everyone in our family sane and not go broke during summer break!
The girls and I decided to come up with our own Summer ART Bucket List
to have some artsy crafty fun (on a budget) to look forward to in the next few weeks.
I thought I'd share our list with you in case you are looking for your own summer, artsy fun inspiration!
As we knock projects off our list (in no particular order)
I'll share photos here and on Instagram so you can see what we came up with!
A couple of our projects are oldies but goodies (#1,3,4,6, and 10)
and some of the projects are new, open-ended art experiences for our family to enjoy together.
Here are links to some of our past projects if you're looking for inspiration to get started!
Note: We are planning to make these gazing balls and wish flags again for our school garden!
More Prayer Garden Flag Inspiration can be found here and here.
Start A Sketchbook Inspiration can be found here and here.
Carve a Stamp Inspiration and Instructions can be found here and here.
Cross Stitch Inspiration and Ideas can be found here (burlap mandala), here , here, and here.
Watercolor on Yupo idea here.
Make a Tunnel Book here, here, and wonderful inspiration here.
Make Texture Papers for Collages here.
Happy Art Making!
Pink and Green Mama, MaryLea
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Labels: Create, Invitation to Create, Summer
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How to host a holiday (waste-free) workplace silent auction
Make holiday gift giving fun, convenient and charitableRead More…
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Email: email@example.com
Did you know that Oregon is one of the top markets in the country for electric vehicles? Employers can encourage and support electric vehicle commuting by providing vehicle charging at work.
Drive Oregon, a state-supported nonprofit organization, has partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy Workplace Charging Challenge to help businesses develop a strategy for accommodating electric vehicle commuters. This can be as simple as allowing employees to plug into an existing outlet and use a dollar or two of electricity, or it can involve dedicated equipment from vendors who bill employees.
Advantages of electric vehicles
Plug-in electric vehicles can offer consumers significant advantages over gasoline-powered vehicles, including savings on fuel costs, added convenience from home refueling, and reduced maintenance costs. As employees adopt the new technology, the option to charge at work is increasingly being sought out by commuters.
Benefits to employers
An employer providing EV charging gains sustainability visibility, LEED points, and employee attraction and retention, among other advantages.
Take the pledge
Employers pledging to be a part of the Department of Energy's Workplace Charging demonstrate leadership and receive special recognition from the DOE and Drive Oregon. The Challenge Pledge steps are:
To pledge, email Zach Henkin with Drive Oregon, who will help you with the DOE pledge process so you can access resources more quickly.
Get resources and recognition
Employers who take the Pledge can access technical assistance, informational resources, and an information-sharing forum. The Workplace Charging Challenge website offers employer handbooks, a sample employee survey, fact sheets, case studies and more. Successes will be recognized, and the best practices that pledge-takers identify will be shared with other businesses.
This Portland firm's already on board!
Gold Certified JLA Public Involvement joined the Workplace Charging Challenge last year. Their charging station, installed in early 2013, provides power for the company's vehicle as well as three employee vehicles. Learn more about what they've done.


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Divergence 1-C
Description of the Divergence 1C exercise in the Opto vision training app for iPad.
< Back to Stereoscope Exercises
Divergence 1-C
Developed exclusively for Opto. Available now for iPad!
Divergence exercises build accurate eye alignment and sensory fusion. The Divergence 1 series in Opto features colourful 3D vergence targets on a neutral smooth-gradient background.
Target vergence demands (in prism diopters): -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10
Required hardware: Stereoscope for iPad
Modes: basic, interactive, dynamic
Basic mode: Static image is displayed, with all 6 vergence targets.
Interactive mode: User must indicate which target appears closest to them. Once tapped, the target will disappear until all 6 targets have been tapped. The order in which the user taps the targets is saved in the report for the reference of the vision care provider. The report also shows the correct order of the targets for comparison.
Dynamic mode: The separation of one target is controlled by the user with a slider.
Like all activities in Opto, a report is generated including the date and duration of the exercise. A patient assessment is also recorded if the user is signed into his/her personal profile.
Sample screenshots:
Download Opto for iPad to access the Divergence 1 series of exercises.