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We can always count on Estee Lauder to deliver uber covetable goodies that will make us feel spectacular. The ability to transform ordinary shades into luxurious ones is a well known brand trademark. The same covetable characteristics are reflected in the Pure Color Nail Lacquer Beyond Black and Metal Mania collections for the rainy days of fall when a pop of color can be the quickest beauty mood booster known. For the newest offerings, creative makeup director Tom Pecheux took inspiration from one of the most modern symbols of glam,... Read More


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Wilton Brands Inc. announced today that Chairman of the Board and interim CEO Jerry Levin has been appointed as the company's permanent CEO. Levin will also continue as the company's Chairman.
Levin has been interim CEO since Wilton's previous CEO, Richard Conti, resigned in October 2009 shortly after a settlement with the company's creditors kept it out of bankruptcy court but placed it under new ownership.
Wilton is the parent of scrapbook brands EK Success, K & Company and Martha Stewart Crafts.
Mr. Levin had this to say about his new role at the company: "Since serving as Chairman and interim Chief Executive Officer I have been impressed with Wilton, and its great products, brands, and people. I am enthusiastic about the opportunities that exist at Wilton. I am looking forward to working with the Board and the Company's employees to continue Wilton's successes."

subset: commoncrawl


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Sasha Townsend always plays it safe--in life and in love--until an unexpected inheritance brings her to the lushly tropical Florida Keys. There, beneath the hot sun of Magic Key, she begins to relax and renew...until she's summoned to the neighboring estate by it's enigmatic owner, Cay Ellis. The handsome millionaire's highhanded ways and infuriating demands awaken Sasha to emotions and a world available only in her imagination.
From the moment Cay first lays eyes on Sasha he knows she's trouble. Not only does she refuse his claim on her property, but she insists in poking her nose in where it doesn't belong. For all is not what it seems on Magic Key, and though Cay would do anything to keep Sasha in his protective embrace, he knows that by falling in love with this beautiful woman he's taking the greatest chance of his life.


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Buy it! You could probably head down the road and pick it up off him to save on delivery costs...
Would the paintings value rise significantly should your friend meet an untimely demise?,,,lots of car brakes failing these days..
How the **** am I meant to 'keep up' with the Kardashians when I have to leave the room every 5 minutes??
Parmi | #1 draft pick | Jake King is **** | Big Bash League tipping champion of the universeCome and Paint Turtle
Oh wait, it was intended.
Everyone wants to change the world, noone wants to change himself.
How embarassing it is to randomly go through a member's profile and stumble upon a message you've posted a couple of months ago when wasted, but had no recollection of.
'You will look very silly said Mr Salteena with a dry laugh.
Well so will you said Ethel in a snappy tone and she ran out of the room with a very superier run throwing out her legs behind and her arms swinging in rithum.
Well said the owner of the house she has a most idiotick run.'
I'm watching a Korean show where one of the people has painted his face black and is wearing an afro and I'm wondering when America (and in particular, 'The Young Turks') is going to give them a lecture on how racist they are.
Am also thinking that yoga is good fun after my first ever go at it today. Got a few chuckles from the locals when I couldn't cross both legs and put my feet on my hips. But to be honest, I'd be worried if I could.
R.I.P Craigos, you were a champion bloke. One of the best
R.I.P Fardin 'Bob' Qayyumi
Member of the Church of the Holy Glenn McGrath
"How about you do something contstructive in this forum for once and not fill the forum with ****. You offer nothing." - theegyptian.
"There's more chance of SoC making a good post than Smith averaging 99.95." - Furball
"**** you're such a **** poster." - Furball
Even though it's a bit mean, I'm laughing at a guy I just saw on the bus. His mate gets on the bus and sits in a different seat way down the front. He tries to call out to him, but the guy doesn't hear. He then tries to text him, but the guy doesn't look at his phone. I thought it was priceless.
'Copperfield,' said Mr. Micawber, 'farewell! Every happiness and prosperity! If, in the progress of revolving years, I could persuade myself that my blighted destiny had been a warning to you, I should feel that I had not occupied another man's place in existence altogether in vain.
- Wilkins Micawber
Getting this random e-mail:
Dear Illingworth Simon,
I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
In the course of a research on the University of Cambridge, I came across a reference to your thesis on "Feedback control of oscillations in combustion and cavity flows".
We are an international publisher whose aim is to make academic research available to a wider audience.
LAP would be especially interested in publishing your dissertation in the form of a printed book.
Your reply including an e-mail address to which I can send an e-mail with further information in an attachment
will be greatly appreciated.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Kind regards,
Tatiana Taralunga
Acquisition Editor
LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing AG & Co. KG
Dudweiler Landstraße 99, 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
Fon +49 681 3720-310
Fax +49 681 3720-3109
t.taralunga(at)lappublishing.com / LAP- LAMBERT Academic Publishing
Handelsregister Amtsgericht Saarbrücken HRA 10752
Partner with unlimited liability:
VDM Verwaltung Aktiengesellschaft
Board of Directors: Dr. Wolfgang Müller (CEO), Christoph Schulligen, Esther von Krosigk
Supervisory Board: Prof. Dr. Johannes G. Bischoff (Chairman), RA Thomas Bischoff, RA André Gottschalk
Respond saying you already have one.
Feeling sleepy as hell and pissed off that the coffee machine in office is out of cups.
"I will go down as Darren Sammy, the one who always smiles" - Darren Sammy
Hmm. having a real nice coffee right now.
And I LOVE this cup too even though I am not having espresso atm.
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Solidarité des Femmes: Women's March in Paris
On the 21st of January, the day after Donald Trump swore in as President of the United States, women all over the world in 70 countries joined hands in a united stand against him. In Paris, more than 7,000 women showed up at the Women's March, to protest Trump's history of sexual assault, sexist comments and misogyny. Women of all ages, from babies in prams to grandmothers marched to show their dissent against the new President who has often referred to women as "bimbo", "dog", "pig", fat-shamed and objectified women and, defunded Planned Parenthood, putting women's healthcare in jeopardy.
With chants of "My neck, my back, my pussy grabs back", "Fuck Trump" and a brass band playing music from the Spanish Civil War, the march made its way from Human Rights Square to Wall of Peace in front of l'Ecole Militaire, guided by seven police vans.
The march had participation from 53 feminist and womyn's organisations in Paris, including Alliance des Femmes pour la Démocratie, L'Amicale du Nid, Aufeminin.com, Parti socialiste, Le Planning Familial, Regards de Femmes and SOS Racisme. Organised through a Facebook event page, the march had 8500 expressing their interest in it.


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Time to start shopping!
Green Terror CichlidDetails https://www.petsmart.ca/fish/live-fish/goldfish-betta-and-more/green-terror-cichlid-4032057.html
1. Select SizePlease select a variation value to continue
This item is not available for in-store pickup. Check store availability.
product highlights
- Diet: Flake, Frozen, Spirulina
- Maximum size: 8"
- Water temperature: 72-80° F
- Swimming level: Middle
- Experience level: Intermediate
- Tank Setup: 29+ gallons
South American cichlids are a diverse group of fish that are hardy, easy to care for and add spectacular color to their freshwater environment. They are popular among fish hobbyists due to their multitude of species and color options. There are many species of South American cichlids, including discus, oscars, angelfish and Jack Dempseys. These active and intriguing freshwater fish come in a range of eye-catching colors and sizes, allowing you to create a diverse, fascinating show tank.
They are generally peaceful with fish of the same size and temperament, but may eat any fish small enough to fit into their mouths. You will see your cichlids swimming in the middle of your aquarium. To create a beautiful environment, be sure to add some top and bottom swimmers as well. Ask a PetSmart associate to help you choose.
Things to remember
This means they eat mostly animal matter, including prepared foods and fresh, freeze-dried or frozen foods.
Adding fish
Whether you're just starting your aquarium or introducing new fish into your tank, don't forget to add only 1-3 at a time.
Staple diet
Choose a cichlid flake or pellet food, or freeze-dried fish foods. Feed according to the directions on the packaging.
Specialty foods
Cichlids enjoy fresh or frozen bloodworms, adult brine shrimp and glass worms. Always remember to thaw frozen foods before feeding.
Supplement their diet with food containing spirulina, a nutritious type of algae.
Frequent feedings
For optimum health, feed your cichlids as much food as they will consume in 1-3 minutes, twice a day. You can alternate between regular staple diet feedings and 2-4 meals per week of a specialty food.
Start with a 20-gallon or larger aquarium. A good rule of thumb is one gallon of water for every one inch of full-grown fish.
Decorate their aquarium with rocks, driftwood, and plants, but be sure to place them on the sides and back of the aquarium so they'll have enough space to swim in the center.
Fish compatibility
Cichlids should be housed in a semi-aggressive or cichlid-only community aquarium with fish of similar size and temperament.
More information
Visit our Fish Care Center to find products, care information and bright ideas to enhance your underwater world.
Vet Assured Promise
All pets purchased at PetSmart are raised under our exclusive Vet Assured program and come with a 14-day satisfaction guarantee. Vet Assured is a program designed by PetSmart veterinarians to improve the health and well-being of our pets. The program sets standards for the care of our pets by our live animal partners and store associates and establishes strict standards for the monitoring and prevention of common illnesses found in pets. PetSmart makes a significant investment in the care of our pets and it is apparent in the quality and comfort of the pets in our stores. However, if your pet becomes ill during this initial 14-day period, or if you're not satisfied with your pet for any reason, PetSmart will gladly replace the pet or refund the purchase price. Please keep your sales receipt and return the pet to the store where it was purchased if needed.
find a store
We have over 125 stores nationwide. Find products, grooming, training, boarding, and day camp services near you.


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He is of course the most polarizing man on the Jets last year not named Brian Schottenheimer and fans loved to abuse and ridicule Hunter. The Jets starting right tackle last year, Hunter had his ups and downs last year and graded out as the worst lineman on the team, seemingly often victimized off the edge with a good pass rush. But Howard knows a different side to Hunter, who was his mentor and friend.
And on Sunday in St. Louis, Hunter and Howard will meet again on opposing teams. Hunter was traded to the Rams this season for jumbo tight end and reserve offensive lineman Jason Smith.
"Where he's at right now and the trade, it's a great move for him," Howard told The Jets Blog.
"We've seen him on film and all and he's doing a great job."
During training camp, it had become clear that Howard was pushing Hunter and making a statement even for the starting position. Even with his position up for grabs, Hunter still continued to advise Howard on the position and giving veteran's insight, even if it meant him losing his job. After a player, it wasn't uncommon to see Hunter go up to Howard and give him some insight or to see the two walk off the field together, something that continued after Howard was named the starter and kept on until Hunter was traded.
The two still keep in contact through text messages and Hunter's wife and Howard's girlfriend remain close friends.
In the eyes of the man who learned from Hunter, not only was he a class act but a true teammate. It took sleflessness for Hunter to mentor Howard, knowing full well that his starting position was up for grabs.
"He's a great athlete who really ushered me through camp. Despite what others said and how he was portrayed, he is a great athlete and a good tackle, right or left tackle," Howard said. "Having the opportunity to learn from someone like Wayne, it was a great opportunity for me to progress and learn."
Follow Kristian R. Dyer at @KristianRDyer for Jets breaking news and info from Florham Park.


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Denialist movements in the United States and a few other countries have gotten so powerful that they've managed to turn climate change into a "debate," vaccination into a "danger," and evolution into a theory that's "equivalent" to creationism. Which of these movements is doing the most damage to science?
Photo by USFWS Tom MacKenzie
Those are just the big-name denialist movements. But there are hundreds of other, smaller ones whose goal is to undermine the credibility of science and scientists — often for political ends. Tell us which one you think is doing the most damage, whether that's in your country, your school, or your online community.


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5 Year Warranty on 3-Piece Appliance Package Available at HomeAppliance.us
Do I Need a Appliance Package Warranty?If you are investing in a new product and expect it to last a few years, only you can insure that expectation. If you are like most consumers, you don't want to deal with the inevitable problems surrounding repairs. Who do you call for service? Are they reliable? Is a handyman capable of performing a long lasting, reliable repair on your equipment? How are you going to transport a large product to a service facility? This warranty starts the date of purchase overlapping the manufacturer's warranty but this warranty will cover power surges and food spoilage which the manufacturer does not.
Ranked #1 WarrantyCPS provides top notch warranty protection for your purchases to ensure life and longevity. This means that they care about you and your product long after your purchase has been made. This warranty offer reliable, hassle-free, comprehensive parts and labor protection for your product.
You Need to Prepare for These Issues TodayThis retailer is an Authorized Consumer Priority Service Dealer. This means that they care about you and your products long after the purchase date. As a CPS Dealer, you can easily extend your manufacturer's warranty by as much as 5 full years.
CPS Warranties Offer Reliable Protection for Your ProductBy purchasing a CPS extended plan, your are guaranteed years of worry free operation from your new product.
Why Do I Need CPS?
Total Coverage
- CPS covers 100% parts and labor for your products
No Hidden Fees
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- One mouse click or phone call to arrange for professional repairs with the hassle-free ClientCare Claims System
Repair Guarantee
- If your unit cannot be repaired, it will be replaced
Total Peace of Mind
- Complete coverage for up to 5 years after the manufacturer's warranty expires
No Lemon Policy
- If your product fails 3 times due to the same malfunction, CPS will replace your unit free of charge.
So What's Included?CPS covers the same malfunctions as your original manufacturer's warranty with value added features. Coverage includes but is not limited to:
- Defects in materials and workmanship
- Protection from dust, heat and internal humidity damage
- Damage caused by power surges
- Food spoilage
- Long-term protection for total peace of mind
To Redeem:
- CPS must be notified without thirty (30) days of the warranty expiration
- Copy of the sales receipt showing the warranty sale
- Copy of the sales receipt showing the eligible product
How do I File a Claim?File claims online 24 hours a day by logging on to your account at http://www.cpscentral.com/ and select "File Claim" under Claims. You may also call Customer Care at (800) 905-0443.
What's Covered?CPS covers: dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, refrigerator/freezers, ice makers, trash compactors, ovens, ranges, cooktops, vent hoods, air Conditioners, portable heaters, humidifiers, etc.
*Please see attachment for the Terms and Conditions


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Cabling is the umbilical cord that connects voice/data/video networks in a building.
Each day, millions of workers and consumers avidly listen to the raucous cry of their computer calling across a stretch of cable to its mate - the Internet. Some form of cabling generally serves as the plumbing that holds the pieces of the Internet together and supports a myriad of services vital to animating this digital age.
And, whether the services are delivered by satellite, CATV coaxial cable, fiber-optic or copper-based telephone cables, microwave or infrared signaling, these services must be connected to an internal network and its related devices within a building. The usual term for such an internal network is the premises distribution system (PDS). The various types of cabling used by a premises distribution system are seen in the Sidebar, page 36.
Research indicates that the growth in premise networks is set to continue well into the next decade. Frost and Sullivan, a high-technology market research company, predicts that the total market, including media and hardware, will nearly double from $3.71 billion in 1998 to $7.01 billion in 2004. Specifically, the company predicts cabling sales to grow about 64% from $1.49 billion in 1998 to $2.44 in 2004, with hardware making up the difference.
In addition, a dynamic and emerging segment - residential cabling - is contributing to the overall growth of the premises cabling market. Research indicates that by the end of next year, the United States. will have 55 million work-at-home households. That number is up from 34.7 million homes in 1997.
With the growing presence of the Internet, the expansion of PCs into the home and increasing use of entertainment centers, residential network wiring needs are growing. According to Cahners In-Stat Group, a high-tech market research firm, response to these changing needs will create a residential structured wring market that will exceed $1.4 billion by 2004.
STRUCTURED WIRING SOLUTIONS A structured wiring solution allows the integration of voice data and video services into a central, manageable distribution center, or hub. High-grade cable, such as Category 5 twisted pair copper or RG-6 coaxial cable, carries services from the distribution center throughout the home. Modular wall plates or receptacles are the final component. These plates allow for multi-serve access from a single location.
Additional cabling can support add-on features such as a voice-prompted alarm system or an infrared remote-control system network.
Today, electrical contractors in the voice, data and video (V/D/V) business must respond to their customers who want to install top-flight communications networks and services. Often, a client will ask for your company's recommendations on cabling for broadband (that's the buzzword today!) applications in an office.
A good supplier relationship can contribute greatly to a contractor's knowledge of cabling. Think of the "supplier" as anyone in your company's supply chain, including distributor, manufacturer's representative, manufacturer and/or others, who has technical expertise and offers useful service.
This partnering activity can consist of anything from informal teaming with a supplier to better serve a customer on a project, to a long-term business relationship built on a written agreement, such as a franchise. Another approach in the market is to become a "certified installer" for a complete cabling system, which includes the cabling, connectors and other hardware.
The datacom market is entirely different from the power distribution market. For example, in the power distribution market you can consider a 500MCM stranded power cable from one maker as compatible to that from another manufacturer. But in the datacom market, for example, unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling from one manufacturer may not offer the same performance as a similar product from another cable maker. Also, two or more cabling products suitable for a specific application can have vastly different installation requirements and hardware needs.
The number and variety of cable options is vast and confusing, and the wrong selection could adversely affect the efficiency of a network. How can you hack through the jungle of cabling products and specifications?
UNDERSTANDING BROADBAND Let's start by understanding the meaning of the word broadband, which is the information-carrying capability of a transmission medium. Consider it as being opposed to, or better than, a baseband network.
A baseband network provides a single channel for communications across the physical medium (cable) so that only one device can transmit at one time. A device on a baseband network, such as Ethernet, uses all of the available bandwidth for transmission. Another useful analogy is a telephone line where only one person can talk at a time.
A broadband network allows the physical cable to be virtually divided into several different channels, each with its own unique carrier frequency, using a technique called frequency division modulation. Thus, multiple conversions can take place at the same time. Cable TV, using a coaxial cable, is a useful example of a broadband network, which supports a number of individual channels, each of which can be selected by a subscriber.
An Ethernet network, mentioned above, started out as a baseband transmission technology (10BaseT - a 10MHz network running over unshielded twisted pair cabling). The 10 stands for signaling speed, 10MHz, and Base means baseband. However, Ethernet now also runs on a broadband cable.
As previously indicated, high-performance networks also are defined by transmission speed. Data rates have nearly doubled each year over the past decade. In 1995, typical data rates to the desktop were 10 Mbps, with 100Mbps in the backbone. Five years later, these rates have jumped to 100Mbps to the desktop and 1,000 Mbps - 1 Gbps - in the backbone. These numbers will leap anther order of magnitude by 2005.
A wide array of twisted-pair copper conductor and fiber optic cables can support the broadband networks currently being discussed. And with the continuing emphasis on new service, such as video conferencing, office workers want these services at their computer terminals. All of the cable makers offer products for the horizontal cable run, which starts in the telecommunications closet and ends at the faceplate in the work area. Consider this 300-ft (or 90-meter) horizontal segment of the network, to be a hotly contested market because it usually makes up the greatest quantity of LAN cabling in a building.
If the choice for horizontal cabling is copper, sophisticated digital signal processing allows current Category 5 copper cabling to support speeds up to 1Gbps. But let's look at some details.
You can select Category 5 UTP copper cable, but it is now surpassed by type Category 5e (the e stands for enhanced) since it offers improved performance. Category 5e became an industry standard last fall. For even higher performance, consider an "above-Category 5e" performance type of UTP cable. These UTP type cables are called Category 6 and Category 7 cabling, which uses a thicker shielded twisted-pair construction.
Draft versions of a Category 6 standard are circulating in the telecommunications industry, and manufacturers are producing and marketing cabling products based on these [preliminary] specifications. You can consider Category 6 products as falling into a "pre-standard" classification.
Many contractors in the voice/data market are building up a base of experience in Category 5 copper cable installations but are not yet comfortable on advising their customers regarding the higher performance copper cabling. If a customer is in a leased building or a facility that will not be occupied for a long period of time, an investment in something other than Cat 5e is not recommended. But for those who have a longer horizon, who will be at the same facility for more than five years, Category 6 or fiber is a good recommendation.
LOOKING CAREFULLY AT FIBER-OPTIC CABLE Once confined to backbones, optical fiber is now common in the riser and horizontal, as fiber-to-the-desk designs no longer are considered unusual. With a variety of fiber types to select from, which type is best for specific segments of the network?
Optical fiber is available in two types, single-mode and multi-mode. Both types have the same outer diameter, 125 æm, about the thickness of a human hair. Multi-mode fiber, however, has a much larger core, the light-carrying region of the fiber - either 50 æm or 62.5 æm - as compared with 7 to 10 æm for single-mode fiber.
Information is carried through single-mode fiber on just one mode, or ray of light. However, a multimode fiber's larger core size, allows hundreds of modes, or light rays, to pass along at the same time. Strangely, single-mode fiber offers much higher bandwidth and lower signal attenuation than multimode fiber. This is because a single mode fiber eliminates the problem of modal dispersion, which is the spreading of light pulses as modes travel paths of different length within a fiber's core. The modes arrive at a receiver at different times, discrete pulses merge, causing what is called bit errors.
Single- mode fiber is generally used for long distance links, because it carries signals great lengths before requiring amplification. For campus backbone links, a hybrid single-mode/multi-mode fiber cable can be used. The single-mode strands can remain unused, awaiting a future application.
Preferred for most premise applications, multimode fiber uses inexpensive light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and more recently, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), as light sources.
To work with the VCSELs, multimode fiber is now made in a 50-æm-core size as well as the more familiar 62.5-æm-core size. The 50-æm fiber is becoming increasingly important in premises cabling because it offers higher bandwidth at the 858-nm wavelength. Specifically, the 50-æm fiber triples the bandwidth at the shorter wavelength: 500 MHz/km vs. 16 MHz/km. This is important because the inexpensive laser transmitter and the 50-æm fiber offer important economic advantages.
Furthermore, the VCSEL technology that gave us low-cost lasers at 850 nm is now yielding 1,300 nm lasers, compatible with single-mode fiber. Single-mode fiber, which telephone companies and CATV operators use to cover long distances, offers practically unlimited bandwidth. The combination of 1,300 nm VCSELs and single-mode fiber may obsolete multi-mode fiber some time in the future.
Single-mode fiber, which is the choice for sending light pulses for miles along an outdoor route, as mentioned above, is available in various constructions to resist harsh environments. Specifically, these cables can stand up to: moisture, rodents, crush loads, chemicals, high-voltage, abrasion and ionizing radiation. In addition, five different moisture-resistant materials are used in outdoor cables: gel-filled, gel-filled and grease-filled, gel-filled with water-swellable tapes, and water-swellable tapes without gel or grease. Choosing between a gel-filled cable and one without gel may depend on the time needed to remove the gel material and clean the fiber strands at terminations.
For a fiber-optic cable run between nearby buildings on a campus, consider the types of cable that are available. Indoor-type fiber-optic cable may be spliced or patched to outdoor type cable that enters the building from the outside. In addition to satisfying the NEC requirements on insulation flammability, an indoor-type fiber-optic cable has requirements regarding the bend radius, the operating temperature range and the installation load. The experience level of the installers can influence the installation load: novice installers may need an increased installation load rating to avoid damaging the fibers.
Alternatively, an indoor/outdoor cable may be used for the fiber cable run between buildings and also as the riser cable within the building. Indoor/outdoor type FO cable has a double jacket construction, polyethylene (PE) for outside plant protection, and beneath that jacket, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) jacket. Because the National Electrical Code requires a flame retardant cable jacket for an indoor environment, the outer jacket of the indoor/outdoor cable is removed when it enters the building.
An outdoor plant fiber-optic cable usually has a loose-tube construction, but in some cases, a tight buffer, loose-tube cable is preferred.
FIBER-OPTIC CONNECTORS The choice of a connector to use with an optical fiber cable is another major concern. The three main types of fiber-optic connectors used are: the straight-tip (ST), the subscriber connector (SC) and the small form factor (SFF) type. Available in five different designs, the SFF connectors are as small as a modular eight-pin connector used on Category 5 copper cable. Finally, the LC connector, with a ceramic ferrule and plastic shell, resembles the SC type but is half the size.
Compared to copper, fiber optics seems to offer the advantage of a one-time install, at least in regard to the cabling. However, the cost of the active electronic components for fiber is much higher than similar equipment used in copper networks. According to one manufacturer, for the same performance in an end-to-end installation, you'll end up paying more for fiber than copper.
The Anixter Levels program offers a solution for anyone specifying or purchasing copper cabling. The Levels program is based on a stringent purchasing specification that required the company's suppliers to qualify their high performance unshielded twisted-pair products. Recently updated, the program helps to fill in the holes in existing standards and provides needed information.
Anixter offers products in the Category 6 range (350 MHz) and also has a proprietary Level 7 cable (400 MHz). Graybar offers high performance cabling products, which can support 350 MHz, and another product in a still higher maximum speed range.
Customers, however, can select a fiber and copper hybrid cable run to each workstation, considering that, generally, copper wiring is still needed for voice circuits at a desk.
The final concern, however, is not choosing between copper or optical fiber on a project, but rather, being able to answer your customer's needs. The more knowledge you have on cabling products, the better you can help your customer.
Work location cabling is the short run of cable connecting the terminal equipment to the telecom-munications outlet. It is usually 10 ft long (3 meters).
Horizontal cabling consists of the run of cable from the tele-communications outlet to the distribution closet. Tie cables between closets on the same floor are considered as horizontal wiring, regardless of the type of media (fiber, unshielded twisted-pair).
Backbone cable is the central or feeder group of cables in a building. The cable is typically placed from the main cross-connect TC to other floors where it is terminated in intermediate TCs.
Equipment cabling consists of the cables and connectors that link communications systems, host computer, local area networks and other devices to shared equipment or cross- and inter-connects at the TC.


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Q&A with Junior Forward Sarah McTigue
Related Links
Q: You're not the biggest or fastest player on the pitch; what makes you a "goal scorer?"
McTIGUE: Well, it's definitely a team effort. I just try to work hard, but it takes everyone on the field to create a goal-scoring opportunity, and I'm fortunate enough to get the credit for the end result.
Q: Is it a role that you've always played or something that you've developed at UCSD?
McTIGUE: Being a goal scorer is not a role I've always filled. On my club team, our attacking center mid was definitely who we looked to for goals. Then my freshman year at UCSD, Natasha Belak-Berger was our goal scorer and I played a bigger role in assisting. When she left, we needed someone to take over the role. And what is so great about our team is that it was not just one person that stepped up. Our whole offense stepped up and started contributing goals.
Q: You and senior Annette Ilg are the two leading scorers on this year's team. What are the differences in your styles and does having her on the field create more opportunities for you?
McTIGUE: Having Annette on the field definitely helps create chances. We have two different styles of play, which creates different types of opportunities. Annette is tenacious and fearless. Her strength lies in her ability to not get pushed off the ball as well as in her ability to recover the ball when we lose possession, and she is the kind of player that will find a way to get that ball in the back of the net in any situation. As for myself, I like to turn people and take people on. I create more opportunities by getting around the corner and either finding a shot for myself or getting a cross off for someone else to score.
Q: Do you have a favorite among the 19 goals you've scored at UCSD? What differentiates one from another?
McTIGUE: By far, my favorite goal here at UCSD was the tying goal against CSU Dominguez Hills in the West Regional Final last year. We had gone down 2-0 early in the second half, but about halfway through the second half Lisa (Bradley) scored a goal to bring it to 2-1. Not long after that Annie (Wethe) played a ball up and over their defense and I ran through it and scored to tie the game. That goal meant a lot to me because of the game that I scored it in. Dominguez Hills is our biggest rival, and we had been working hard and playing so well that whole game. It just felt so good to be able to contribute a goal in a game like that.
Q: Talk about how you got started playing soccer and over the years what has been your favorite aspect of the sport.
McTIGUE: I started playing soccer when I was five. It was just AYSO and I got into it because my neighbors across the street were doing it. I had a lot of fun with it, and as I got older and better, I started playing club and getting more serious about playing soccer. It was pretty much the only sport I played growing up, and I wouldn't have had it any other way.
I played softball for two years when I was 10 and 11, but I didn't really enjoy it and after that I just stuck with soccer. What I like so much about soccer is the athleticism that it requires and the team aspect of the sport. Every single person on the team is important to the game, everyone has a role, and everyone has a shared set of goals that we are all working towards.
Q: This current version of UCSD women's soccer seems to be an exceptionally tight-knit unit. Can you talk about the bond among the team and how important it can be to a team's success?
McTIGUE: Last year our team was made up primarily of freshmen and sophomores, so our team got really close. Luckily that was able to carry over to this year as we incorporated nine new people. We all get along really well and spend a lot of time together both in an out of soccer. That closeness is very important to our team's success because everyone likes each other and works hard for one another. That allows for great chemistry on the field, which obviously transfers into success.
Q: How does your coach, Brian McManus, differ from other coaches you've played under? What do you consider his strengths and what is the most significant thing he brings to the team?
McTIGUE: Well, first off, he has an accent, so sometimes you have no idea what he's trying to tell you. Other than that, he hasn't been too different from other coaches that I've had. But he is by far the most experienced coach I've ever played for. This is a huge strength of his because when something isn't going right he knows how to fix it, and when something is going well he knows how to make sure it stays that way. His experience allows you to fully trust what he's saying and know that his decisions for the team are going to be the right ones. Somehow, he always seems to know exactly what it is our team needs, whether it is a serious practice, rest, or just a good laugh.
Q: What motivates you as a player? What do you do individually to prepare yourself for a particular game?
McTIGUE: Winning a national championship is a huge motivation, and that is the ultimate goal. My teammates are also a big motivation. Before every game, I have to nap and eat. I take an hour nap about two hours before we have to meet, and then eat when I wake up. After that, our locker room routine gets me pumped up for the game and ready to play.
Q: After a somewhat slow start in CCAA play this year, the team played exceptionally well down the stretch before losing in a shootout in the first round of last weekend's CCAA Championship. How bad does that loss sting?
McTIGUE: It definitely hurts. We had tied San Francisco earlier this year in league and we were definitely looking to prove ourselves this weekend.
Q: If, as expected, UCSD receives a bid into the NCAA Division II Tournament, how will last week's CCAA results effect its preparation and incentive?
McTIGUE: I think last week's result could actually be really good for us. We know we're a good team, but at this point every team we play is going to be a good team. If we come out and play our best I have confidence that we can beat anyone we face. This weekend taught us an important lesson though. You have to make sure you come out and play your best because if you don't you're not going to get the win. At this stage of the season you don't get a second chance, so you have to make the one you get count.
Q: The penalty kick shootout scenario is always a dicey proposition. Do you like seeing games decided in that fashion? Do you like being one of the shooters and what are you thinking when you're out there with just you, the ball and the opposing keeper?
McTIGUE: I'm not a fan of PKs, but I understand that it has to be done. I don't usually like being one of the kickers, but after working hard for the entire game sometimes I do want the chance to be able to put the game away. When I'm out there with just the keeper, I just try not to think too much or I'll freak myself out. I don't look at the keeper, I just place the ball down, step back, think about where I'm going to kick it, wait for the whistle, step up and take the shot.
Q: What role has your family played your soccer career?
McTIGUE: My family has always been extremely supportive of anything I do. My parents always let me decide what it was I wanted to pursue, and they said they would support me in anything. This was huge for me in soccer, because they were at every game and got me to every practice and they saw that it was important to me, so it was important to them. I think they're a big part of why I decided to play college soccer. I never felt pressured to continue playing soccer so it remained something I loved doing.
Q: What's your favorite thing to do besides playing soccer?
McTIGUE: I love snowboarding, and it works out perfectly because snowboarding season starts right when soccer season ends. I'm not the best at it, but I can get down the mountain without falling and I just love being up in the mountains. I'm already looking forward to our team trip to Tahoe.
Q: What are three things you'd like to do or accomplish before you graduate from UCSD?
McTIGUE: 1) Win an NCAA Championship 2) Go skydiving 3) Play soccer abroad with my team.
Previous Q & A Articles
Brandon Yee (Men's Soccer) October 11, 2010
Bryce Madsen (Men's Water Polo) September 23, 2010
Annette Ilg (Women's Soccer) September 9, 2010
Ricci Luyties (Women's Volleyball Head Coach) August 24, 2010
Kevin Messey (Head Athletics Trainer) July 7, 2010
Dan O'Brien (Baseball Head Coach) June 18, 2010
Christine Merrill (Women's Track & Field) June 14, 2010
Vance Albitz (Baseball) May 11, 2010
Erik Elliott (Men's Tennis) May 3, 2010
Kelly Fogarty (Women's Track & Field) April 23, 2010
Liz LaPlante (Women's Tennis Head Coach) April 15, 2010
Kirby St. John (Baseball) March 24, 2010
Dan Perdew (Men's Swimming) February 28, 2010
Calvin Ross (Men's Volleyball) February 20, 2010
Nicole Saari (Softball) February 4, 2010
Brad Kreutzkamp (Women's Water Polo Head Coach) January 18, 2010
Tyler Acevedo (Men's Basketball) January 4, 2010
Dr. Cliff Kubiak (UCSD's Faculty Athletic Rep) December 18, 2009
Chelsea Carlisle (Women's Basketball) December 9, 2009
Carianne Cunningham (Women's Swimming) November 23, 2009
Elena Inouye (Cross Country) November 6, 2009
David Morton (Men's Water Polo) October 28, 2009
Juan Pablo Carillo (Men's Swimming) October 19, 2009
Sara Spaventa (Women's Soccer) October 10, 2009
Karen Reis (Women's Volleyball) October 2, 2009
Daniel Pavitt (Men's Soccer) September 23, 2009
Daniel Anderson (Cross Country) September 11, 2009
Peter Gresham (Men's Water Polo) September 2, 2009
Alexia Zatarain (Women's Soccer) August 24, 2009
Elaine Chen (Women's Volleyball) August 12, 2009
Jared Kukura (Men's Soccer) July 30, 2009
Dawn Lee (Former Women's Soccer Standout) July 8, 2009
Rob Mamula (Director of Athletic Performance) June 18, 2009
Garrett Imeson (Baseball) June 8, 2009
Leon Baham (Men's Track & Field) May 21, 2009
Kristyn Lesovsky (Softball) May 8, 2009
Kazumi Negishi (Men's Tennis) May 5, 2009
Laiah Blue (Women's Track & Field) April 16, 2009
Ryan Andre (Men's Crew) April 2, 2009
Josh Tanner (Baseball) March 24, 2009
Anju Shimura (Women's Swimming) March 7, 2009
Stephanie Bocian (Women's Water Polo) February 20, 2009
Lauren Chastain (Softball) February 5, 2009
A.J. Maulhardt (Men's Basketball) January 28, 2009
Annette Ilg (Women's Basketball) January 22, 2009
Steven Hardy (Men's Swimming) January 13, 2009


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Therapy Dogs: Do-Good Pooches
Getting your four-legged friend involved with volunteer pet programs can benefit the entire family.
Every week 17-year-old Melanie Adelman and her mom, Laurie, visit an after-school program for high-risk children. In the classroom these kids have problems with reading, but here they feel relaxed and ready to learn. The difference? Stetson, an 8-year-old toy poodle and certified therapy dog, sits by their side.
Therapy dogs are household pets registered or certified through an organization to bring positive energy, stress relief, and encouragement to those in need. Good-tempered and obedient, these animals visit adults and children in hospitals, nursing and rehabilitation facilities, schools, and libraries.
But it's not just the people who gain something—exposure to unfamiliar folks and places can help a dog stay active and youthful. "If someone has a pet that is laid-back but has become a couch potato, one of the best things to do is take the animal out of the house," says Billie Smith, administrative manager at Therapy Dogs Inc.
Volunteering with your dog on a weekly or monthly basis is a fun and fulfilling way for your family to learn proper animal-handling skills while giving back to the community. For the less outgoing volunteer, working beside a furry friend takes the pressure off interacting with strangers one-on-one. "In stressful situations, animals provide comfort to help people open up to others," says JoAnn Turnbull, marketing director at Delta Society Pet Partners, which oversees the Pet Partners visiting-animals program. And enrolling in a therapy-dog program is also a great way for kids to develop a stronger relationship with their pet.
Your pup might be a good fit for a therapy-dog program if he:
- Has lived with you for at least six months and is older than one year. Dogs of any size or breed can qualify, as long as they don't show aggression or bite.
- Has a good personality. He should be naturally obedient and love being around people.
- Is disease-free and up-to-date with vaccinations. Most programs demand rabies shots and some require fecal exams. Your vet must fill out a form giving your dog a clean bill of health and then conduct annual reexaminations.
- Is house-broken and groomed regularly. Nails should be short and hair groomed to prevent shedding.
- Has mastered basic obedience commands, like "sit," "stay," "stand," and "come." Not every organization provides training, so if you think you and your pup need more guidance, choose a program with instructor-led workshops or home study courses.
How to become a therapy-dog team:
- Find dog-therapy programs in your area and consider their time and age requirements. Depending on how long it takes your organization to complete the evaluation process, expect to wait one to six months before making your first unsupervised visit.
- Schedule a behavior and aptitude test with one of the organization's evaluators. The observation often takes place during a public outing or in a facility you'll visit once you're certified. It's important to see that the dog wants to participate, says Turnbull. Evaluators look at how you and your dog react to scenarios that might occur during a visit, like if medicine drops to the floor or if there is rough petting from a stranger.
- As soon as you are cleared for visitations, learn about the volunteering opportunities. Reasons for visits can vary widely, from keeping a pre-surgical patient company to helping a child with special needs, so it may take time to find something that suits you and your dog. Smith recommends limiting your visit to one to two hours a day to prevent the animal from becoming exhausted from the extra contact and attention.
Check out these national organizations to learn more or to sign up:
Delta Society has more than 10,000 volunteers nationwide and accepts Pet Partners volunteers starting at 10 years old. They also allow other pets—including cats, rabbits, and birds—to participate.
Therapy Dogs Inc. allows children ages 12 to 16 to become handlers through the approval of an Exceptions Committee and requires its 12,000 members to complete a minimum of four annual visits.
Therapy Dogs International has no minimum age requirement and doesn't allow dogs to be registered by multiple organizations. Its 19,000 members represent the oldest and largest therapy dog organization in the United States.
Originally published in the September 2010 issue of Family Circle magazine.


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Over-the-hill hunk George Clooney fully embraces May-December flings, his co-star confessed.
The 48-year-old hottie who would have no problem snagging someone half his age said he's a fan of the May-December romance but bristled when his sultry 24-year-old "Up in the Air" co-star suggested she date someone his age.
"He had rules for me about dating and stuff. It was really sweet," actress Anna Kendricktold People.com at a press event for the pair's upcoming film.
"It's funny, actually. A friend of his that was his age [48] was dating somebody younger than me. He thought that was fine. I was like, 'What would you say to me if I were dating somebody your age?' He said, 'Oh no, absolutely not,'" she said.
The brunette starlet said Clooney would joke around with her and acted more like an older brother on-set.
"Is he too old for me? Yes," she said. "George Clooney is too old for me."
Oh, puh-lease. That could possibly be the dumbest statement we've ever heard.
Clooney is spoken for anyhow -- he's dating stunner and MTVItaly host Elisabetta Canalis.


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Thursday, November 29, 2012
The Next Four Years!
One week following President Obama's victory for re-election, representative from all 50 states have filed petitions with the white house asking to secede from United States of America. The latest total number was estimated around 700,000 electronic signatures according to RT news, although this has not reached one percent of American population, it signals a dissatisfaction the American people have towards the government. Will this number keep rising? Is this the only last solution?
How much attention are we paying to the crippling unemployment rate? The national debt reaching16 trillion, the Fast and Furious scandal, the Benghazi cover-up, the fiscal cliff, and the Obamacare. How about American government supporting Israel's government engaging in a massive killings in Palestine killing many innocent people? Is this really called a self defense against a nation that does not have any army?
Obamacare is taking effect soon, how will this affect small businesses and small companies? Would they be able to cover all their employees? What about the middle class? As a result many companies have announced pending layoffs of full time workers, closing businesses, and could potentially lead to more massive layoffs and job loss.
The number of people on welfare has hit an all time high and continues to grow, will this trend continue to grow under four more years of Obama? Evidence show that an increasing number of people are becoming more dependent on the government, it will likely exceed its current number. Some feel that this was a contributing factor to Obama's victory against Romney. The size and cost of these government programs are hidden from the public view due to the fact that government decision makers and the mainstream media invariably discuss one program at a time. If you have a large scale number of people on welfare program, this is clearly not a sign of success.
Will the American people ever come to terms with the Federal Reserve printing more money to cause inflation? When the dollar collapse, we will have a wake up call because nothing can be done anymore.
What will happen to our civil liberties? Obama extended the Patriot Act under his term and signed the NDAA(Indefinite Detention Authorization Act) which has been criticized for giving the federal government a broader authority to indefinitely detain suspected terrorists without charges or trial. Do people realize that this would open up more big government corruption, and decrease of freedom/liberty.
Is war normal in America? What happened to anti-war people on both sides of the party? How much awareness do Obama supporters have of his policies, or is the majority so dependent of the government where they are just waiting for the next hand out policy. It seems like majority of Americans don't want to pay attention to these important matters anymore as long as their candidate is in office. It seems like nobody cares about the destruction of the Constitution.
What happen to the American Dream? Why do we condone each party's corruption? When will the American people understand that having a big government is the problem?
Posted by Full-Time at 9:06 AM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Abraham Lincoln, America, constitution, Freedom, Government, Liberty, Lies, media, NDAA, Obama, Propaganda, Ron Paul, Secession, Security, truth
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The Master of Science degree in Early Childhood Education at LIU Post prepares professional teachers and leaders to work with infants, toddlers, preschoolers and younger children in their formative years (Birth to Grade 2). You will be trained to work in a variety of educational settings, including public and private schools, Head Start programs, child development and child care centers and other programs related to the education of children, from ages zero to 8.
The program is designed for individuals who have earned a bachelor's degree from an accredited university and college and who wish to begin a new career as a certified school teacher. Upon graduation, you will be eligible for Initial Teaching Certification from New York State. In addition, current teachers who have bachelor's degrees in education and Initial Teaching Certification may use this program to expand their expertise to the first through sixth grade levels. This program meets the New York State master's degree requirements for Professional Teaching Certification.
The M.S. degree curriculum comprises 11 education courses (33 credits) plus field experience, supervised student teaching (6 credits), and a culminating experience. In the required courses you will study the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of small children, including culturally diverse populations. You will gain an understanding of the theory and practice of teaching language arts -- reading, writing, listening, and speaking -- in the early childhood classroom. The curriculum includes courses in "The Psychological Foundations of Education," "Creative Expression for Early Childhood," "Child Development," and "Beginning Reading and Writing: Emergent Literacy." After completing 12 education credits, all students take a seminar in Health and Substance Abuse.
The number of credits required for the program ranges 39 to 42 credits, depending on your culminating experience. You can choose one of three culminating experiences:
After you complete all degree requirements and successfully pass New York State certification tests (LAST, ATS-W and CSTs), you will be awarded Initial Teaching Certification by the New York State Department of Education for Birth to Grade 2. If you are a certified teacher with three years of teaching experience, you will be eligible to apply for Professional Teaching Certification upon completion of the program. Please see the Teaching Certification Requirements home page for details.CAEP Accreditation
The teacher-education programs in LIU Post's Department of Department of Teaching and Learning are nationally accredited by the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP).
Applicants to the M.S. in Early Childhood Education (Birth-Grade 2) must meet following requirements in order to be considered for admission:
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WASHINGTON � Is the recession over? Has the recovery started?
One lesson of the last few years is that some of our traditional economic labels have lost meaning. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research � the group of academic economists who set dates for the beginning and end of business cycles � the U.S. economy has been in a recovery since mid-2009. That's when the recession that began in late 2007 is deemed to have ended. But for many Americans, if not most, it hasn't felt like a "recovery."
And why should it?
Despite indisputable evidence that the economy is expanding � producing more goods and services, which is the basic test for recovery � economic conditions have been dismal. Overall production (gross domestic product) has passed its pre-recession peak of 2007 by only a meager 2.5 percent. Although 5.7 million payroll jobs have been created from their low point, total employment remains 3 million short of its pre-recession level. Steep unemployment (7.7 percent in February) has kept the share of workers jobless for six months or more (40 percent) stubbornly high.
Although the economy satisfies the technical criteria for "recovery," it's still stuck in recessionary territory. Guess which seems real to most Americans? People tend to see the worst. A new Pew Research Center poll finds 33 percent of respondents "hearing mostly bad news," 7 percent "hearing mostly good news" and 58 percent acknowledging a mix.
Public pessimism also reflects a loss of faith in elites and experts. Economists and regulators both failed to foresee the financial crisis and misjudged the recovery. Here's how the White House Council of Economic Advisers puts it in its latest annual report: "The administration forecast overpredicted output growth by a small amount in 2010 and by larger amounts in 2011 and the first half of 2012." Specifically, the Obama administration expected GDP to grow 3 percent in 2012; the actual figure was 2.2 percent. Private forecasts were generally as bad.
Little wonder that old labels seem less relevant. Lackluster growth has left us in a twilight zone. It's a "recovery" but it's not; the "recession" is over but it isn't. Ironically, this mindset may blind us to a favorable turn of events. There are signs that stronger gains in jobs and output are feeding on each other. To put it differently: Something that looks and feels like a traditional recovery may have started.
The long-dormant housing market is reviving. Home prices and sales are up; homebuilders are increasing production to satisfy rising demand. Personal finances have improved. Loans have been repaid or written off. Since year-end 2009, the ratio of household debt to disposable income has dropped from 130 percent to 111 percent, according to Federal Reserve data. It's probably still declining. Over the same period, a rising stock market and higher home values have increased household wealth by almost $10 trillion.
The other piece of good news is the job market. "The last five months ... we've seen over 200,000 jobs a month in the private sector," Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke noted at his recent news conference. "Unemployment (insurance) claims are at the lowest level they've been since the crisis."
So two large sources of middle-class anxiety and insecurity � jobs and wealth � are slowly easing. The share of "underwater" homeowners (with mortgages exceeding the value of their homes) has dropped from 21.2 percent in mid-2009 to 14.8 percent in the third quarter of 2012, reports Moody's Analytics.
None of this is conclusive. In recent years, bursts of strong growth have often preceded months of sluggishness. "I think one thing we would need is to make sure that this is not a temporary improvement," said Bernanke. The Great Recession has made both consumers and companies cautious spenders.
Other threats to recovery include: adverse side effects from Europe's economic turmoil; another destructive White House-Congress budget confrontation; and Obamacare's disincentives for job creation (example: because firms with fewer than 50 workers aren't required to provide health insurance, the temptation is to stop hiring at 49). Tax increases adopted earlier this year, especially higher payroll taxes, could also slow growth. The same applies to the spending cuts of the so-called sequester.
Still, we might be in for a pleasant surprise. Having overestimated the recovery's strength for years, chastened economists may now be underestimating it. They may still be wrong � but this time their error would be a happy one.
Robert Samuelson is a columnist for the Washington Post Writers Group. His column and weekly blog also appear online at telegram.com.


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Jerry Wexler
One of music's first producers.
Jerry Wexler's position at Atlantic Records (an upstart, indie label at the time) allowed him to work hands on with artists and revolutionize the recording process. As a music reporter, he also coined the term "rhythm and blues."
Before the advent of rock and roll, the term producer wasn't even part of the recording-industry vocabulary.
"No one really knew how to make a record when I started," Jerry Wexler has said. "You simply went into the studio, turned on the mike and said play." However, with the proliferation of independent record labels in the 1950's came a new breed of hands-on music-industry entrepreneurs. Among the most influential and important of these was Wexler at Atlantic Records.
His entree into the music business came at Billboard magazine, where he worked as a reporter and helped change the name of the black-music charts from "Race Records" to "Rhythm & Blues." He joined Atlantic founders Ahmet and Nesuhi Ertegun in 1953 and began producing the company's major rhythm & blues artists at all-night recording sessions that, in hindsight, were historic in their scope and impact on popular music. Wexler's efforts at Atlantic helped bring black music to the masses—and in so doing built a significant and lasting musical bridge between races.
In the Sixties, Wexler helped raise soul music to a position of prominence by linking such singers as Aretha Franklin and Wilson Pickett with Southern house bands in Memphis and Muscle Shoals. Wexler has worked across the decade with artists ranging from LaVern Baker, Ray Charles, Ruth Brown, Solomon Burke and the Drifters to Dr. John, Dire Straits, Dusty Springfield, Delaney and Bonnie and Bob Dylan. He passed away on August 15, 2008.
Inductee: Jerry Wexler (record executive and producer; born January 10, 1917, died August 15, 2008)


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Here you will find all kinds of modern and Vintage Postcards
We sell new unused in mint condition postcards. Scenic views, cities, state maps, state capitols, animals, stadiums, and a wide array of other postcard topics.
We hope you can find every Postcard you need. Postcardlocker.com is focused on providing high-quality service and customer satisfaction - we will do everything we can to meet your Expectation


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Diamond Knot
Use it in your zipper, and it is easier to close your jacket when wearing gloves for example.
Follow step 1 to 4. Image number 5 shows that you should take both ends of the rope, put it under the knot and then up throw the hole in the middle of the knot.
Then you tighten the knot, sometimes you might want to adjust the knot afterwards so you get equally long ends.
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Reccomended Books
At amazon.com (USA):
The Ashley Book of Knots
The Marlinspike Sailor
Knot Tying: Advanced Knotting (CDROM)
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- Products on sale
- Celsius pelet or pelet/wood boilers, equipments
- Solid fuel boilers
- Pellet burner equipments
- Celsius Classic heating systems
- Celsius C heating systems
- Celsius Combi heating systems
- Celsius Combi pellet/wood heating systems
- Industrial solid fuel heating systems
- Secondary heating systems (household)
- Secondary heating systems (industrial)
- DHW tank packages with electric exchanger
- Parts of systems
- Controllers and themostats
- Parts of boiler
- Steel flues and chimney roofs
- Individual systems for order
Combi 40 - 43 simplified system II.
Celsius Combi 40 - 43 simplified package II. content:
- Celsius Combi 40 - 43 boiler
- Pellet adapter door for connection pellet burner
- Pellet burner - screw feeder
- Pellet tank
- Celsius anticondensing recycling pump unit
- Celsius safety heat exchanger
- System controller (Euroster 11E)
Celsius Combi boiler
With pellet adapter door
The Celsius Combi Boiler is our most up to date boiler.
Celsius Combi boilers were developed to operate with either dry wood or wood pellet (DIN+ quality, 6 mm diameter thick). Its structure is similar to that of a traditional wood burning boiler, however, its operation is a lot more economical with the use of highly efficient equipment. The boiler requires minimum maintenance and will continue to meet your heating requirements over its long lifetime. The boiler can be connected to any kind of central heating system, from radiator to floor heating.
The Celsius Combi Boiler with Wood Pellet burner is efficient and convenient because of:
- Automatic turn on and turn off switching
- Keeping fire and modulation (5 performance levels)
- Increased savings due to possibility of 4 different pellet quality parameters.
- Faster cleaning
These boilers are suitable for burning wood and in auto mode Wood Pellets may also be used. Thanks to its special design the boiler can utilize both fuels with outstanding efficiency. Celsius boilers are suitable for gravity or pump controlled heating systems for family houses, workshops, various farm houses, agricultural halls, institutions and greenhouses. Celsius solid fuel burning boilers have different models which are sized by heat output to meet your individual requirements.
- Fire grates (grills)
- Wooden pellet burner adapter door
- Filling/draining trap
Height of boiler
Width of boiler
Depth of boiler
Boiler body
Exterior cover
Return water connection
Filling/draining tap connection
Upper door
Ash pan
Firing door (wood burning)
Pellet burner adapter door
Ash removal door (primary draught regulator)
Door opening handle
Heat exchangers
Grate (grill)
Safety valve or pressure guage
Uptake connection
Forward water connection
Thermometer connection
Automatic draugh regulator connection
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Modul Combi 40 - 43 Firing door size (mm) 310*385 Maximum heat output (kW) wood/pellet 43/41 Heating-system dependant heatable air-space(m3) 600-1150 Fuel-dependant efficiency (%) wood/pellet 85/92 Heating water connection (") 2 Uptake connection (mm) 150 Height (mm) 1140 Width (mm) 600 Depth (mm) 690 Weight (kg) 243 Water volume (l) 92 Max. operating pressure (bar) 2 Max. operating temperature (°C) 90 Test pressure (bar) 4 Draught demand (g/s) 42,6 Firebox size (mm) (height*width*depth) 460*385*520
Celsius safety heat exchanger
It protects the boiler and environment if the boiler is overloaded and the heating system can not heat distribute (There is not buffer tank and irregular usage).
Content of equipment:
- Celsius safety heat exchanger
- Vent valve
- Thermostatic security valve (opening temperature 98°C)
- Pressure security valve (2bar)
Applicable to the following boiler types:
Celsius classic, Celsius C and Celsius Combi boiler
Celsius anticondesing recycling pump unit to 56 kW
- Complete assembled units.
- Space-saving, it has minimal space requirement due to compact design.
- Insulated, the assembled units have an insulating cover.
The anti-condensing pump unit can be connected directly to the solid heating source in the heating system or to the buffer tank without any additional device. The pump unit is housed in a compact insulation box which includes the circulation pump, the anti-condensing thermostatic valve, the on/off natural circulation clapet valve, the isolating valves and thermometers. It automatically adjusts the returning water to the heating source at the selected thermostat value setting.
Technical features:
- Synchronous high efficiency Wilo Yonos Para RS/7-RKC circulating pump with progressive speed control.
- Max. working pressure 10 bar
- Max. temperature 100°C
- Setting temperature 55°C
- Natural circulation clapet valve: with external control, it can be set on or off according to the type of installation.
- Temperature thermometers: 0-120°C.
Nominal opening temperature: setting temperature + 10 K.
The max. usable power up to 80 kW (at Δt 30 K) with synchronous circulating pump Wilo Yonos RS/7-RKC.
Working mode:
Starting the installation (boiler warming up):
After the starting of the boiler, the thermic valve is fully closed towards the user's return (gate A) and this condition remains until the fluid, warmed up by the heating source, gets the opening temperature of the thermic valve (corresponding to the setting value, f.i. 55°C). During this step the fluid sent by the boiler fully recycles through the by-pass (gate B) and the boiler temperature rises very quickly.
Loading the installation (tank warming up):
Achieving the opening temperature (f.i.55c), gate valve A proportionally starts to open while gate valve B proportionally starts to close. The boiler temperature slowly rises providing energy to the user, however the return temperature will not decrease below the setting temperature (f.i. 55c)
Working installation:
Starting from the condition of point 2, the supply temperature progressively rises up to the full opening of the thermic valve (gate A) and up to the corresponding shutting of by-pass (gate B). This happens at about 10 K more than the opening or setting temperature (therefore in the example in hand, at about 65°C). Now the installation is on working and the supply fluid temperature can rise up to the set value.
Natural circulation:
The natural circulation of fluid through the clapet valve starts as soon as the circulating pump stops and the remaining energy of the heating source is transferred to the water tank. This function starts as a security device, when the pump stops due to blackout or failure, so avoiding that the temperature of the heating source can reach high levels of danger. To turn on the natural circulation function please turn the control screw anti-clockwise.
You can lock the clapet valve any time, turning the screw clockwise (this operation has to be done when the pump is working).
Euroster 11E pump controller
Central heating/Utility hot water system pump controller
Euroster 11E is a modern microprocessor-based controller used to control central heating (CH) system pump or utility hot water (UHW) system pump.
The Euroster 11E controller features the ANTY STOP function that prevents idle pump rotors against seizing. Once the heating season is over, every 14 days the function automatically turns ON the pumps for 30 seconds. To that end the controller must be left powered up.
The Euroster 11E controller may be operated in two modes: it may control CH system pump or UHW system pump. In the former mode the CH system pump is engaged if sensor temperature has exceeded the preset limit. In the latter mode the UHW system pump is kept running until sensor temperature reaches the preset value.
- Set 1 has been complied for layouts in which CH system pump is control,
- Set 2 has been complied for layouts in which UHW pump is controlled.
Connection diagrams
Central heating pump control mode:
1. Euroster 11E controller
2. CH boiler
3. Heat source temperature sensor
4. CH pump
5. Radiator (heat load)
Domestic hot water pump control mode:
- Euroster 11E controller
- DHW tank temperature sensor
- DHW tank
- DHW pump
- CH (wood pellet) boiler
- CH pump
- Radiator (heat load)
Elements of the controller:
- Name of the controlled parameter
- Heat source (boiler)
- Manual operation mode (icon lit while the temperature is manually controlled)
- Alarm – (icon blinks in case of an alarm)
- State of the heat source
- DHW system pump icon lit while the pump is running
- CH system pump icon lit while the pump is running (CH system control mode)
- Heat source and other parameter value
- DHW tank temperature sensor icon
- Menu option number
Technical features:
Min. temperature Max. temperature Controlled temperature 20 80 Hysteresis 2 10 Temperature sensor correction -5 5 Manual operation 0 (ki) 1 (be) Operating voltage 230V, 50Hz Ratted wattage 1,6W Output load of circuit pump 200W Potential independent output 100W Environmental temperature 0 - 65°C Temperature measurement range 0 - 110°C Operation temperature range 20 - 80°C Hysteresis 2 - 10°C Temperature accuracy 1°C Protection IP40 Display LCD
B-Max 50 kW pellet burner equipment
Low-power burner, designed for civilian buildings. It is equipped with a screw pump for loading.
Bmax Technology burners have an innovative self-cleaning system which works on regular intervals: with this system the fuel grid is periodically freed from possible residue that could interfere with the correct combustion or that could induce the suffocation of the flame. In this way, the possibility of turning off the burner and the consequent dispersion of fumes are avoided.
Safety equipment:
- The B-Max 50 kW pellet burner contain safety equipments:
- Burner safety thermostat (for preventing backfire)
- Cutting valve fire (optional) (for preventing backfire)
- Screw (60 mm)
- Pellet tank (200 kg)
- Compressed air kit
Parts of wood pellet burner:
B-Max 50 kW
Burner output
Electric connection
Average energy consumption
Fuse (delayed)
Noise level
Height of flame
Min. combustion chamber (height)
Min. combustion chamber (width)
Min. combustion chamber (depth)
Draught demand
Size and weight of screw feeder:
Wood pellet tank
Celsius wood pellet tank with wheels and cover. Easy to take out pellet.
- Height: 1270 mm
- Width: 820 mm
- Depth: 820 mm
- High width screw feeder: 1900 mm
Weight365 kg/pc


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Count Hewlett-Packard as the latest member company to join the OpenStack project, the open source cloud effort formed a year ago.
As the largest IT vendor in terms of revenues, it can be argued that HP's presence is a major boost for OpenStack. Or perhaps the vendor realized that some of its key rivals -- Cisco and Dell -- were already major contributors to an effort that appears to be gaining momentum.
NASA and Rackspace contributed the code for an open source cloud operating system that was contributed to the community under the Apache 2.0 license. Besides Cisco and Dell, the OpenStack Project boasts a laundry list of players including Citrix, Equinix, Intel, Opscode and RightScale.
"HP recognizes that open and interoperable cloud infrastructure and services are critical in delivering the next generation of cloud-based services to developers, businesses and consumers," said Emil Sayegh, HP's VP of Cloud Services, in a blog post. "HP is taking an active role in the OpenStack community and we see this as an opportunity to enable customers, partners and developers with unique infrastructure and development solutions across public, private and hybrid cloud environments."
Sayegh said HP will sponsor the OpenStack Design Summit and OpenStack Conference, slated for October in Boston.
Posted by Jeffrey Schwartz on July 27, 2011 at 11:58 AM
A feature that lets users of the Google identity and access service use their personal log-in IDs with Microsoft's Azure Active Directory B2B service is now generally available.
From the next major update to Windows 10 to the next generation of HoloLens, here's what's on tap from Microsoft this year.
As part of a new partnership, CRM service provider Salesforce will leverage certain Microsoft Azure services, as well as Microsoft Teams, for services to customers.
Here's your guide to all the IT training sessions, partner meet-ups and annual Microsoft conferences you won't want to miss this year.
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"Did I ever tell you about the night that Emil died?" my brother Richard asked me. It was 1992, and AIDS had taken Richard's lover a full three years earlier. The death ended a love affair that had lasted more than a decade.
I cocked my head. "Well, I was there, Richard, so I mean -- "
"You were there after," he said, and downed his drink. "Don't you wonder what it was like just before?" He asked the question nervously, a perfect match for the cigarette he held in one hand -- a long broken habit, suddenly resumed -- and the cocktail in the other, which had been requested shortly upon his arrival to my apartment.
"It's not like I was trying to keep it from you, Mark," he said, and he offered the glass for replacement. It was an odd thing for him to say.
I walked to the kitchen and unscrewed the vodka bottle, beginning to feel nervous myself. Richard talked as I cracked an ice tray.
"Emil had one of those lines that went way in inside him ..." He was beginning a story I wasn't sure I wanted to hear.
"A hickman," I said.
"Yeah," he answered, and he reached for the drink while the ice was still twirling. "But something was wrong with it the night before. It was swelling. So we took it out."
I returned to the couch. Richard paced.
"The next morning the nurse came and Emil was being stubborn. He didn't want the new hickman." He gulped his drink and took a breath. "I got an inkling what he was up to when the nurse said 'Emil, starving yourself is not a pretty way to go.' But Emil kept saying, 'no, no, I won't do this!' and I remember he looked so weary, Mark. Just exhausted."
This isn't the visit I planned, I thought to myself. I meant for my brother to see the new ceiling fan I had installed. But my handiwork couldn't compete with the story that was now rumbling out of him.
"I walked the nurse out and went back to Emil. He reached up for my hand, and he said, 'you knew that today would be the day, didn't you?'"
Richard looked at me but didn't acknowledge what must have been a growing expression of shock on my face.
"I knew Emil wanted me to say yes, so I did. But inside I was screaming 'NO! NO!' "
Richard stopped, and I found the silence torturous. "Well," I said, "it sounds like he was, uh, in charge of himself."
"Oh, he was in control all right," he responded. "He told me to go get the book. The one about how to kill yourself."
Richard's next few remarks would be lost on me. I couldn't get past The Book.
"So I'm reading him the chapter we had picked out," Richard was saying, "and it suggests washing down the pills with alcohol. We had some Seconal and I found some Scotch."
I knew about assisted suicide but had never heard of the mechanics of it firsthand, or considered the logistics a caring lover would undertake -- or had witnessed the haunted result like the one that now sat chain smoking across my living room.
"I made some toast for him just like the book said," he continued, "and while we waited for him to digest the toast I opened the capsules and put the stuff into a glass."
I imagined my brother sprinkling powder into a glass while Emil looked on. I wondered what kind of small talk that activity encouraged.
"I poured the scotch, a couple of good-sized shots, and he wanted it right away." His voice trailed to a whisper. "I wanted him to wait, to wait, to wait ... I wanted to hug him. I wanted to do it right, you know? But he kept reaching for the glass, and I would say, 'no, Emil, wait, please wait, I want to say I love you again ...'"
Tears were filling Richard's eyes. His hand shook, knocking his glass loudly on the coffee table as he set it down and brought his hands to his face.
And even so, he went on.
"Emil downed the glass in one gulp and made a face, and then he just laid back on the pillow. It took about twenty minutes." Richard looked up at me and managed a sad grimace. "Emil always said that when you go, you go alone. I hated that for him. I wanted him to feel me there, you know? So I held his hand real tight ..."
I stared at my brother. Tears now streamed from his face. His eyes conducted a dazed search around the room as they tried to focus on something, anything that would bring some comfort or clarity.
I couldn't tell what I was feeling about this. Was it pity? Was it shock? How many kinds of pain can we distinguish within our soul?
"The book said to wait twenty minutes after his heart stopped, you know, before calling the doctor. I kept leaning over him and trying ... trying to hear his heart. But I couldn't because my own blood was pounding in my ears! And those next twenty minutes ..."
"What were you doing ..." I asked, startled by the sound of my own voice, "during those twenty minutes?"
"Screaming," he said simply.
Silence engulfed my apartment, surrounding the word.
I put my arm around him and he continued to weep. Please be all right, I thought. Please be happy again, Richard. My brother. My brother.
He received my embrace but his heart had taken distant refuge. It had long been numbed by the effects of the spent cocktail glass, sitting impassively on the coffee table, occasionally clinking with the sound of shifting, melting ice.
This post is adapted from A Place Like This, my chronicle of life in Los Angeles during the dawn of the AIDS epidemic. (Photo above: Richard, left, and Emil in 1986.)
Suicide was a common feature of life for gay men in the 1980s. But rather than it being a result of bullying or despair, with which it is often associated today, it was very often a gesture of empowerment for embattled AIDS patients wanting to die on their own terms, sometimes with the assistance of those who loved them most.
Our elderly have always shared these mortal intimacies. Assisted suicide has even been institutionalized with the common use of a morphine drip in hospitals and hospices, which calms the patient and, when increased to certain levels, hastens death by shutting down the body.
As for Richard, he has recovered from his loss 25 years ago and lives happily today in our home town. "I often think of that night, and consider my feelings about it," he told me recently. "I can honestly say I don't feel even a twinge of guilt. I have plenty of regrets, but not about that."
Read Mark's blog, My Fabulous Disease.


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Managing Your eBay Business with the My eBay Page
When you sign up on eBay, the first tool eBay gives you is your My eBay page. Every time you sign on to the site, this page will pop up on your screen with a cheery greeting, followed by your current feedback rating. The My eBay page is the perfect tool for running a small eBay business. It's no longer a step-by-step list of what you're bidding on and selling; it's an out-and-out Swiss Army knife of eBay tools.
Access the My eBay page by clicking the My eBay button in the eBay navigation links, which appear at the top of every eBay page. You'll see that if you mouse over one of the five selections, a drop-down menu appears. You can go directly to the main pages by clicking the navigation bar. But if you know that you want to go to one of the specialized areas, you can mouse over and click the individual links.
When you arrive at your My eBay page, you see a summary of the business that you have in progress on the site. Each comment has a link so you can investigate the progress of each transaction.
Most My eBay areas are divided into several areas (Summary, Buy, Lists, Sell, and the Resolution Center), which you can visit by clicking links in the My eBay Views area on the left side of the page. The top link of each My eBay area presents you with a summary of the activity in that area. The links below the top link take you to specific data, without making you scroll through a long page.
Even if you subscribe to eBay's Selling Manager later (after you get your feet wet), you might want to check back to this page from time to time. You'll see information here you won't see anywhere else, such as Total Views.
At the bottom of My eBay Views is another area with Shortcuts to services and to answers you may need while doing business at eBay. You also see a box showing the icons that eBay uses on the My eBay pages.
On the left side of each of the Views is a mini-sized tote board, giving you a snapshot of your financial business dealings. In the Buying area, it displays the number of items you're bidding on and the dollar amount of all your winning bids. In the Selling area, you see the number of items and the dollar amounts bid.
The My eBay page also has other handy tools:
All Buying: All Buying is the place to keep track of your bids, your wins, items you're watching, and any items you didn't win.
All Selling: On your Selling page, you can track items you currently have up for auction and items you've sold.
All Lists: If you want to keep track of items (say you've set up a Christmas gift list) and have an interest in a few categories, look no further than the My eBay All Lists.
At the top of all your My eBay pages are tabs that link to some of the most important parts of your eBay account:
Activity: Clicking the Activity tab leads to the My eBay information discussed previously.
Messages: The Messages tab is where you connect to the eBay e-mail system. This tab is a wonderful tool that gives you your own e-mail hubs for eBay business.
Account: Mouse over the Account tab to see the drop-down menu. Clicking the individual links on this tab will bring you to the individual segments of your account. This section is chock-full of important info for you to know. The main Account tab lets you know how much you owe eBay and how much they will charge your credit card that month. This is a quick way to check your last invoice, payments and credits, and your account; all the links are located in one area.


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At Wilmington College (WC), we are dedicated to your passion for hands-on learning. Our community-of-doing will place you in the center of the learning experience, unlocking your potential and opening doors. Students can leave with thousands of hours of practical application — now that's learning by doing.
We are dedicated to you and your abilities. We believe in your ability to change the world. Be hands-on, act and build our tomorrow. The future is yours. Every generation has an opportunity to shape society and build the world. Now it's your turn. Show your pride. Make a difference. Wilmington College carries on through you. View the Wilmington College Factbook! Or follow the links below to learn more about Wilmington College.
Our Cincinnati campuses will work with you from start to finish, fitting classes to your schedule and bringing the Wilmington College experience closer to home.
Learn more about Wilmington College's plans for the future. Visit our Strategic planning website to learn more. We will be posting updates and announcements regularly!
Our community is built around a common passion for peace, social justice, and global citizenship. For more than 140 years, students have come to Wilmington College for a learning environment that supports their potential and helps them reach it.


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From this week's AAAS Science and Human Rights newsletter:
Rating the US Record on Economic and Social Rights
"It's rare that the United States' record on economic and social rights faces official international scrutiny. One such opportunity comes later this year, when the country must appear before the UN Human Rights Council, as part of its Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process. In advance of that, CESR analyzed the rights to health, education, work, housing and an adequate standard of living in the United States. The results can be found in a just-published fact sheet, part of our "Visualizing Rights" series. We also filed an official submission to the UPR based on the data collected in the fact sheet, in coordination with US human rights groups who have been working as a coalition in the run up to the UPR session in November 2010."
Read more about the report or access the full PDF with compelling data visualizations. Interested in getting involved in human rights volunteer opportunities? See the AAAS On-Call Scientists Program.
The latest from the CfHR can be found on their facebook page and their blog.


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Since our founding in 1972, we have been reimagining urban life in Australia - creating exceptional living experiences through the pursuit of quality and care in every little detail.
You can benefit from our visionary philosophy, customer first approach and our all-under-one-roof knowledge, passion, experience, service and delivery.
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To reimagine urban life is both our passion and our purpose through which we leave a legacy of sustainable, connected and vibrant urban environments. Our ability to design and deliver invigorating places where people want to live, work, play and shop unlocks long-term value and puts people front and centre of all that we do.
Award Winning Excellence Since 1972.
Mirvac has won over 700 awards for industry excellence.
Leading the market in design, construction, marketing and development.
Our recent awards include:


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Ten school districts in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska recognized as Energy Star Leaders
Contact: Robert Drake, EPA Energy Star Program, 206-553-4803, email@example.com; Tony Brown, EPA Public Affairs, 206-553-1203, email@example.com
(Seattle – Feb. 27, 2012) The Environmental Protection Agency announced ten school districts in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska that are among 210 organizations recognized as Energy Star Leaders for building energy efficiency. All Energy Star Leaders have improved building efficiency of all their buildings by at least 10 percent, or consistently had their buildings rank in the top 25 percent for efficient energy use. Many of these schools are well on the way to improving the energy efficiency of their building portfolios by 20 percent or more by 2020, the goal set by President Obama's nationwide call to action to improve the energy performance in buildings.
Here in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska the following school districts have earned Energy Star Leaders status:
Matanuska-Susitna Borough School District, Palmer, Alaska
Idaho Falls School District 91, Idaho Falls, Idaho
Independent School District No. 1, Lewiston, Idaho
Evergreen School District, Vancouver, Washington
Beaverton School District, Beaverton, Oregon
For additional information about these ten school districts, visit: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/leaders/Leaders_full_list_2011.pdf?2758-99c7
To be eligible for ENERGY STAR Leaders recognition, organizations must track energy performance data using EPA's ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager Tool. They must also meet one of two energy efficiency improvement milestones: at least a 10 percent improvement in energy performance across their entire building portfolio, or their building portfolio on average, must perform in the top 25 percent of similar buildings nationwide. Organizations qualifying for the top 25 percent are additionally recognized as "Top Performers."
Complete list of Energy Star Leaders as of December 31, 2011: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/leaders/Leaders_full_list_2011.pdf?2758-99c7
More about Energy Star Leaders: http://www.energystar.gov/leaders
EPA HQ National press release: http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/bd4379a92ceceeac8525735900400c27/adbc3191da31203c852579ac00536836!OpenDocument
To automatically receive Region 10 News Releases, subscribe via email at: http://service.govdelivery.com/service/subscribe.html?code=USEPA_C19
Monday, February 27, 2012
News Release: Ten school districts in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska recognized as Energy Star Leaders
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Indian Fried Bread Recipes
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Poori Recipe (Indian Fried Bread)
04.12.12 by Jackie
Poori is an Indian fried bread that is often served for breakfast with Chai tea or as a snack paired with jeera ki aloo (potato curry). My husband's late grandmother Baji used to make the best poori and I would eat them by the dozen (no joke!). There are two versions I learned from her, today I'm sharing the somewhat more complex, less healthy version made with white flour, coarsely ground wheat and yogurt.
The preparation is fairly easy. The delicate part is the frying step that can be a bit tricky. It took me a little practice to get soft, fluffy and less oily poori. As always, I haven't held back any secrets, so follow the instructions and you'll be enjoying delicious pooris in the comfort of your home!
Full Recipe...


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Ibm MICROCHANNEL ETHERNET CARD COA, Ibm 61-600403-002.
* We have limited quantity of 61-600403-002 in stock. Our inventory changes constantly and quantities listed are based on available stock. This item comes with our 100% Money-Back Guarantee.
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Mary Stuart has a somewhat complex performance history. The opera is based on the play Mary Stuart by Friedrich Schiller, depicting an imagined confrontation between the two rival queens: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, and Queen Elizabeth I of England. Donizetti first read Andrea Maffei's translation of the Schiller play when it was published in Italy in 1830 and approached the original translator to be the librettist. Most librettists, however, had the wisdom to stay away from a potential opera that would depict a Catholic queen being beheaded—Italy is, after all, a Catholic nation! Donizetti was forced, instead, to turn to Giuseppe Bardari, a 17-year old law student, who managed a rather effective libretto.
|Mary Stuart (Joyce DiDonato) and Elizabeth I (Katie Van Kooten) in HGO's production of Mary Stuart. Photo by Felix Sanchez.
The work was originally intended by Donizetti as a vehicle for his favorite soprano, Giuseppina Ronzi de Begnis, but when it was in rehearsal in Naples, the king personally forbade its performance: his queen, Maria Christina, was a direct descendant of Mary Stuart. The censors were not only troubled by the beheading of a Catholic royal but also by the bitter confrontation between the two queens at Fotheringhay Castle. Historically, there is no evidence that the two queens ever met, and there is certainly no evidence that Mary Queen of Scots ever called Elizabeth I a vile bastard (the chief invective of both the opera and the play). I believe that Schiller purposefully fabricated this confrontation to drive home a dramatic point: who has what power from where?
|Elizabeth I (Katie Van Kooten) in HGO's production of Mary Stuart. Photo by Felix Sanchez.
|Mary Stuart (Joyce DiDonato) and HGO Chorus in HGO's production of Mary Stuart. Photo by Felix Sanchez.
In order to appreciate Donizetti's treatment of Schiller's play, one must understand the power dynamics of Queen Elizabeth's court. Elizabeth and her supporters believed that as long as Mary lived, the throne would be threatened. Mary was Catholic, supported by foreign powers like Spain and the Vatican, and as a Stuart with Tudor blood, being the granddaughter of Margaret Tudor (Henry VIII's sister) and James IV of Scotland, she had a legitimate claim on the throne. Elizabeth I, however, was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Catholics considered her to be an illegitimate child because she was born into a marriage not sanctioned by the Vatican (remember it was Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn that caused England to break with the Catholic church, since Pope Clement VII would not annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon). So there you have it— half the country, Protestants, believed Elizabeth I to be the rightful Queen; the other half, Catholics, believed Mary Stuart to be the rightful Queen. This resulted in many uprisings, assassination plots, and bloodshed. Elizabeth's court was a cloak and dagger affair, filled with intrigue and subterfuge.
|Elizabeth I (Katie Van Kooten) and Cecil (Oren Gradus) in HGO's production of Mary Stuart. Photo by Felix Sanchez.
It comes as no surprise that such an opera, dealing openly with the conflict of religions and royal bloodshed, would fall under the harsh watchful gaze of nineteenth-century Italian censors. Though the king of Naples banned the opera, Donizetti still managed to salvage the music, revising and removing large segments of the score and quickly employing a new librettist, Pietro Salatino, in order to create a different work, Buondelmonte, in which the rival queens are two women from rival families in love with the same man. Under that name, the opera premiered on October 18, 1834. Not only was it unsuccessful but the two sopranos playing the two rival women actually got in a fight on stage—a physical confrontation. Apparently sopranos' egos in the nineteenth century rivaled those of the queens of the sixteenth century.