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From grade school to college, tests are an important part of the educational process. Unfortunately, they can also be intimidating, leading to test anxiety that can adversely change a person's test results.
In the majority of cases, test anxiety is a minor roadblock. After all, most people are a little nervous when taking a test, but that apprehension usually disappears once you become focused on and involved in the test. This kind of mild test anxiety is easily overcome and rarely affects the final results of the test.
However, in more extreme cases, the anxiety experienced when taking formal tests factors into a student's final scores more than his or her knowledge of the topic being tested. Some students are so paralyzed by test anxiety that they feel no amount of study or preparation will enable them to pass an exam, regardless of how important that exam might be. This realization can be disheartening and demoralizing and, in extreme cases, can cause these individuals to give up on their goals if achieving them requires taking any sort of formal test.
For those whose academic or professional career goals depend on being able to pass a milestone test such as a certification exam or the SAT, this is not good news. However, there are many ways to combat, manage and even defeat test anxiety so that students plagued by this debilitating problem can successfully make their way through stringent exams. Once people can gain control of their anxiety, they can focus instead on answering test questions to the best of their ability, allowing their knowledge, experience and dedicated study to shine through.
Since success in formal tests can be a major stepping-stone toward success in your chosen career, you will want to do everything you can to ensure that you have the best possible test-taking experience. This web site is designed to help provide strategies for dealing with test anxiety, from test preparation to coping strategies that will help both before and during the actual test. Some of these strategies will be specific to the actual task of taking a test, while others will help improve your outlook and even your overall health. Factors you might not consider, such as exercise, stress and diet, can have more of an influence on your ability to perform well on a test than you might think.
Using the information and tips presented here can help you achieve your long-term education goals. It is never too early to begin preparing for your education, and by the time major tests come along, you will be ready to face them with ease.
- Combating Test Anxiety During the Test
- Arranging Your Study Environment
- Test Anxiety and Diet
- Alleviating Test Anxiety with Sufficient Rest
- Using Exercise to Manage Test Anxiety
- Coping With Test Anxiety
- Avoiding Test Anxiety Through Preparation
- Eliminating Test Anxiety on Test Day
- How to Tell if you Have Test Anxiety
- FAQ About Test Anxiety
- Unrealistic Goals and Test Anxiety
- Test Anxiety and Essay Questions
- Test Anxiety and Multiple Choice
- Reducing Test Anxiety Through Study Sessions
- Test Anxiety and Your Test Environment
- Reducing Test Anxiety by Using Practice Tests
- Procrastination and Test Anxiety
- Test Anxiety and Positive Thinking
- Letting Others Influence Your Test Anxiety
- "Myths" About Standardized Tests
- Test Anxiety and Stress
- Using Test Anxiety to Your Advantage
- Combating Test Anxiety Through Familiarity
- Brain Foods to Increase Alertness
- Coaching Yourself Out of Test Anxiety
- Ten Things You Need to Know About Test Anxiety
- Test Anxiety and ADHD
- Where to Get Help on Campus for Test Anxiety
- Similarity Between Stage Fright and Test Anxiety
- Tips for Dealing With Test Anxiety
- Timed Testing and Test Anxiety
What Is Test Anxiety?
A certain amount of anxiety when preparing for a test is normal. Test anxiety is similar to stage fright. Most people experience it to some degree, but some have developed better ways of coping with it or simply do not experience anxiety to the same degree as others. Those who do not experience test anxiety might not understand how debilitating it can be for those who do.
Severe test anxiety, though, can lead to paralysis during a formal testing situation. No matter how hard or diligently you have prepared, suddenly you cannot remember any of the information you studied as you take the test. Faced with this blank slate, you freeze up even more, and a vicious circle develops. In the end, you are unable to translate the knowledge you know you have to answer test questions correctly.
Symptoms of severe test anxiety are also similar to those suffered by people who have anxiety disorders. In fact, students with generalized anxiety disorders are more likely to experience severe test anxiety as well. Many of the coping techniques recommended for anxiety disorders are also useful indealing with test anxiety.
Symptoms of severe test anxiety can include:
- Increased heart rate
- Cold and/or sweaty palms
- Rapid breathing
- Panic attacks
- Nausea
- Headaches
These physical symptoms can result in:
- Inability to concentrate
- Inability to understand what you are reading on the exam
- Inability to organize your thoughts in order to answer the questions
- Inability to remember subjects even though you have studied them thoroughly
If you are frustrated and debilitated by test anxiety, you might feel as if you will never be able to overcome it. As a result, you might feel that you are unable to achieve your life or career goals. Fortunately, there are many ways to overcome this issue. By making use of these techniques, tips and lifestyle changes, you will find yourself well on the way to overcoming test anxiety and reaching your full potential.
Sources of Test Anxiety
Text anxiety can stem from various causes.
One of the most common of these is simply a lack of preparation. If you know you have studied thoroughly and efficiently yet still face debilitating test anxiety on exam day, the condition could be brought on by other factors.
One major source of test anxiety is brought on when past experience begins to overwhelm present experience. Bad testing experiences in the past build upon one another, until you become convinced that you cannot take a test successfully. Almost as if it were a conditioned response, the sight of a test paper causes you to become anxious, upset or even nauseated. Your mind goes blank and you cannot recall answers, even if you studied them thoroughly.
Another source of test anxiety can come from comparing yourself to others. If classmates seem to be having an easier time grasping the course material, you might see this as a shortcoming on your part and start to feel as if you will never be able to master the material and pass upcoming tests. Again, a level of frustration sets in that can lead to the same kind of downward spiral.
Dealing with the Sources of Test Anxiety
Both these sources of test anxiety have something in common: They originate from external causes. You may have bad past experiences with testing, but you cannot know for sure that you will have the same bad experience in the future. You assume that others are having less difficulty learning the material than you are, but you could be mistaken. Your classmates might be battling the same difficulties you are.
The best way to deal with these sources of test anxiety is to focus on the present and have confidence in yourself. You cannot control past test experiences, but you can control present and future experiences. By focusing on your own preparation and knowledge of the test material, you can ensure that you will feel
in better control of your test experience. The only way to improve your ability to pass the test is to focus
on your own studies and your reactions to stress.
By focusing on the here and now, you will be better able to manage your test anxiety, and you might even find yourself enjoying life in general a little more.
Study Tips to Reduce Test Anxiety
One way to battle test anxiety is through prevention.
A large part of prevention is preparation, as many cases of testing anxiety stem from a lack of preparation. In this situation, you find yourself faced with a complex test and realize that your study regimen has not been adequate enough for you to pass the test with flying colors.
Ensuring that you know the course material before test day helps build your confidence and makes it easier for you to recall the correct answers while you are taking the test. The best way to prepare, of course, is to study.
Efficient Studying
Many students focus on the amount of time spent studying. When it comes to effective studying, though, quality often counts more than quantity. In fact, increasing the quality of your study time can greatly reduce the amount of time you have to set aside to hit the books, as well as greatly increase your overall mastery of the material.
Tips to Ensure Quality Study Time
Just reading through course books, notes and handouts does not always provide the best coverage of the necessary material. One of the best ways to increase the quality of your study time, and thus reduce test anxiety, is to ensure that you use your time efficiently. Here are some ways to increase the effectiveness of your study sessions.
Space out your study time.
Spending an hour each night looking over the day's notes and assigned materials is much more effective than "cramming" the week—or even the night—before the test.
Focus on the most relevant materials.
Most textbooks include material that will not be covered on tests. Paying attention to what material is stressed in class can help you narrow down what sections of the textbooks should receive the most attention.
Study with a friend.
Having someone else quiz you on test material can help you with quick information retrieval, which can build your confidence. As an added bonus, you can help your study pal in the same way
Using these tips, as well as others found on this website, can help you increase the efficiency of your study time. Knowing you have studied in the best and most thorough way possible will help you approach the test with confidence—and without test anxiety.


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Press Releases
Browse or search our collection of news announcements dating back to 2003, including notifications of park openings and renamings, programs and special events, and employee and agency accomplishments.
For more information about what's going on at Parks, read The Daily Plant newsletter.
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subset: commoncrawl


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vaginal yeast infection is thought to be recurrent
when you have had four or more symptomatic infections, unrelated to antibiotic
use, within 1 year.
If you have a recurrent
vaginal yeast infection, your doctor may do a
culture to confirm that yeast is present. You may also
be tested for certain conditions that could be making you more vulnerable to
yeast overgrowth, such as diabetes.
The recommended initial
treatment for recurrent vaginal yeast infections includes vaginal medicines for
7 to 14 days or a single dose of oral fluconazole, with a second dose
repeated 3 days later.1
Initial treatment
is then followed by at least 6 months of maintenance therapy, which could be
oral or vaginal medicines.
Some women who are treated for recurrent yeast infections do
not see improvement in their symptoms. These women may have another condition
that is causing symptoms similar to a yeast infection. Additional testing and
treatment may be needed.
CitationsEschenbach DA (2008). Vaginitis section of Pelvic
infections and sexually transmitted diseases. In RS Gibbs et al., eds.,
Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10th ed., pp. 608–612. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Next Section:
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Last Revised:
July 27, 2011
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Deborah A. Penava, BA, MD, FRCSC, MPH - Obstetrics and Gynecology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text: Security practitioners and threat actors are constantly developing new techniques to gain advantages over the other. In recent years, security teams have stepped up their approaches to protecting their infrastructure by fortifying their network perimeter defenses, building up protections against advanced malware, upgrading vulnerable operating systems, automating the delivery of patches to stop exploits, and developing counter-measures to spot intruders. The threat actors looking to circumvent these measures are shifting their attention toward the next weakest link in the security chain – the user.


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Release stress and mitigate pain and illness through the gentle movements of Dragon and Tiger, a 1500-year-old self-healing medical ChiGung system based on acupuncture. Renowned for healing and good for the joints, this technique helps rid the body of stagnant chi, raises energy levels, balances the body's energy flow and improves physical balance, coordination and overall flexibility. Taught by Kurt Miyajima, a certified Tai Chi Chuan, Chi Gung and Taoist Longevity Breathing instructor with over 30 years of experience.
Complimentary to cancer patients and survivors.


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Let's clear up any confusion by clarifying that it's John Belushi's life story that's headed to the silver screen.
"Hangover" director Todd Phillips will produce with Steven Conrad ("The Pursuit of Happyness") writing the script for a biopic about comedic genius John Belushi, according to Risky Business.
This of course isn't the first time that Belushi's headed to the big screen. Michael Chiklis starred as Belushi in the 1989 adaptation of Bob Woodward's "Wired," a book a that was heavily criticized by just about everyone who had been close to the "SNL" alum. This time around Belushi's widow, Judith, is serving as an executive producer and and consultant.
"Wired" was a commercial disaster, taking in just over $1 million at the box office, earning a score of 0% on Rotten Tomatoes and very nearly destroyed Chiklis' career.
So who will play Belushi? Jack Black has already gone on the record as saying her's not interested.
"His life is not as funny as his work, and watching me do an imitation of him doing his 'Saturday Night Live' bits won't be as funny as watching him do his 'SNL' bits," Black said in 2008.
Zach Galifiankis, Jonah Hill, Seth Rogen, Ethan Suplee and Tyler Labine are among those mentioned as possible stars.
In the meantime, Phillips' next film, "Due Date," starring Galifianakis and Robert Downey Jr., will be here Nov. 5.
As for the Jim Belushi biopic, you're gonna have to wait a little longer.


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For rent: WCVL studio not signed
Two weeks ago, the supposed future home of WCVL, the "all Charlottesville all the time" TV station, was sporting several big "for lease" signs in its windows. That left some media watchers wondering if the station had run into trouble.
"They're already down," says WCVL co-owner Denny King of the signs. "That was a big mistake."
"It was a mistake on my part," admits Stu Rifkin with HasBrouck Real Estate, who is trying to lease the city-owned space. "I have every expectation WCVL is going to occupy that space."
So does King. The same week the signs appeared, he says, he and partner Bob Sigman got half of the $2 million they say they need to get their station on the air.
"I had very positive investor meetings last week," says King, "and I just took a very recognizable citizen through [the building]."
However, city officials acknowledge that the company, Mediacast LLC, hasn't signed a lease. Therefore, the 9,871-square-foot space under the Market Street garage– long known as the home of WINA talk radio– is still for rent and still sporting smaller signs indicating its availability.
If Mediacast leases the property, the company will pay about $10 a square foot, according to Rifkin, who says retail space on the Mall goes for between $15 and $20 per square foot.
So is WCVL getting a sweetheart deal?
No, says Aubrey Watts, Charlottesville's director of economic development. He points out that only a very small portion of the space actually fronts on the popular mall. "They're getting it for market rate," says Watts. "We made a big investment there, and we want to get it back."
"I don't think the TV station is getting a discount rate because they're a TV station," says Bob Stroh, general manager of the Charlottesville Parking Center, which runs the Market Street garage. "The price is based on how much space you take; the small retail space in front would be much higher."
But both Watts and Stroh say that while King has certainly expressed interest over the past months, the huge space is available until WCVL signs a contract.
"The reality is there hasn't been any movement on it, and the city doesn't want to lease to anyone but WCVL," says Rifkin.
"It would be nice if the TV station took it," says Stroh, "but if the Hook wants to expand, they can take it."
King sounds unconcerned that his dream station could be leased to another tenant. "We're right where we need to be," he says.
WCVL wants the old WINA space for its station.


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The couple that battered and starved their 6-year-old son leading to his death will spend at least the next 30 years behind bars.
Philadelphia Common Please Judge Barbara McDermott sentenced Tina Cuffie and Latiff Hadi each to 30 to 60 years behind bars for the murder of their son Khalil Wimes.
In court Tuesday, McDermott issued 20 to 40 years mandatory sentences to each parent for third-degree murder and 10 to 20 years for conspiracy with the penalties running consecutively, according to court records.
In September, McDermott found Cuffie and Hadi guilty of third-degree murder, conspiracy and child endangerment in the March 2012 death of Wimes. No further penalty was given for the endangerment charges and both parents will get credit for time already served.
It was ruled that Wimes, who weighed just 29 pounds at the time of his death, died due to blunt force trauma and malnutrition, which prosecutors say was the culmination of months of starvation and abuse.
At trial, siblings testified that Wimes had to endure beatings, run laps and stand in the corner for hours because of his frequent vomiting.
Police say Cuffie, 45, told them on March 19, 2012 that Wimes fell when getting out of a tub. She allegedly hit him on the back of the head, causing him to become disoriented. She also allegedly told police that she often hit him because he was misbehaving or messing up. Finally, police say she confessed to not letting him out of the house for a month and that he was underweight because he wouldn't drink water.
In court, Cuffie's lawyers disputed that alleged confession.
Wimes had spent his first three years in foster care before he was returned to Hadi, 50, and Cuffie.
They face 20 to 40 years in prison when they are sentenced by McDermott today.
Wimes was the second-youngest of his mother's 11 children. At least five were removed from her care.
Investigators say a DHS worker had been in Wimes' home before Wimes died to check on another visiting child. After the incident Mayor Michael Nutter announced that worker had been relieved of duty pending an investigation.
"I find it extremely troubling that someone from the outside would have seen this child within a few weeks of his death and not made any reports," said Assistant District Attorney Ed McCann.


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110910 FC Edmonds Quiet Riot 1 versus Seattle Soccer Unknowns 1 Snapshots
Snapshot images from the FC Edmonds Girls U14 Quiet Riot 2011-12 Soccer Club action. Image Copyright © 2011 J. Andrew Towell for Troutstreaming outdoor and sports media. All Rights Reserved. 4x6 prints will be made 'as-is' and are priced accordingly, all other sizes and products will be post-processed by hand to maximize image quality. Small digital images for web use are available on request with any print purchase. Images may be used for personal viewing, but may not be used for any commercial purposes or altered in any form without the express prior written permission of the copyright holder, who can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com J. Andrew Towell http://www.troutstreaming.com .Read More


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David will be answering questions (from Facebook) over the course of the evening. We'll try to get each of them responded to as quickly as possible.
(9:22) Here's the first:
Do you think it would help if the term of office for US House of Representatives is increased to 3 or even 4 years?
My favorite reforms: 19 year fixed term for Supreme Court justices; limited terms; but the 2 yr limit for House is perfectly workable if only we can figure out a way that members need no longer spend 2/5 of their time fundraising.
(9:46) Another:
If Romney loses, how will the GOP react? Will there be even more of a visceral response rejecting Obama? Or will there be a "come together moment" as the Republicans can look like a governing body capable of directing the nation in hopes of going into the next election cycle with an advantage?
I can't predict. All I know is: this is a discussion Republicans * must * have , and I'll be doing my utmost to contribute productively to it.
(10:13) A question on partisanship in electioneering:
In your CNN column you highlight problems of partisanship in election commissions and last minute court struggles over voting law. Would you support something like Ohio Issue 2? If not, what sort of solutions would you suggest?
I think we need a bigger, bolder reform: put election administration entirely into nonpartisan hands, as they do in Wisconsin. Politicians should have no rule deciding voting hours, placement of polling places, rules on early voting, etc. etc. etc.
(11:02) A question that zooms out a bit:
Reihan Salam and Ross Douthat seem to think the way to winning is to win over the Sam's Club Republicans in the Midwest. Sometimes when I read you I feel like your preferred path forward for the GOP is to break into the "coalition of the ascendant" that has brough Obama to power. Is that a fair reading, or do you see more confluence between you and Reihan/Ross than I'm suggesting?
The GOP has to be a party of enterprise, technology, dynamism. By the time we reconvene in 2016, the American social insurance system will have been reconfigured in ways that will force some very radically rethinking. It's too early for any of us to insist too much on our particular 10-point plan. The first job is to agree that reform and renewal are necessary, and that the existing path leads only to failure.
(11:20) Fox News calls the election for President Obama. A congratulations to the President on winning a second term.
(11:32) On the VP nominees:
In May 2011 on FrumForum (http://www.frumforum.com/mitch-daniels-wont-run/#comment-296247), I said Romney would win the nomination and his best chance at winning would be to pick Marco Rubio or Nikki Haley as his running mate- Given the closeness of this election and Romney's poor performance, would you agree that Romney would have done substantially better with Hispanics or women if he had went with either of my VP picks? If you don't agree, would you please explain why? Possibly, the race would already be called by this time of night and we could all be getting a good night sleep by now.
There were substantial problems with both those picks, but Paul Ryan was about the worst possible choice. Changed the subject away from jobs & incomes and instead redirected election to exactly the Obama campaign's preferred subjects: Medicare and Medicaid.


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Event: Living history or re-enactment, Exhibition (permanent) County: North Yorkshire Magic & Mystery | Launch WeekendDiscover a new side to life in the Middle Ages at Barley Hall with a weekend of activities exploring the fine line between science, religion and magic in medieval York. Join the Alchemist in the Great Hall as he works...Barley Hall | York | 24 June 2018 — 24 November 2019


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Flawless Eyebrows
Learn how to create perfect eyebrows in 5 steps.
Learn how to create perfect eyebrows in 5 steps.
The arch to the tail is the area that has the least hair, it is the area we want to fill in with the most product.
To have a natural result, apply the product on the arch area and blend it towards the tail.
Add some product (if necessary), and apply the product into the body of the eyebrow, and blend it towards the arch in order to have a natural result.
With the rest of the product on the brush, fill in the head of eyebrow.
Pull the product until the arch of the eyebrow.


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Reference Language | Libraries | Comparison | Changes
Reads the value from a specified digital pin, either HIGH or LOW.
pin: the number of the digital pin you want to read (int)
Sets pin 13 to the same value as pin 7, declared as an input.
If the pin isn't connected to anything, digitalRead() can return either HIGH or LOW (and this can change randomly).
The analog input pins can be used as digital pins, referred to as A0, A1, etc.
Corrections, suggestions, and new documentation should be posted to the Forum.
The text of the Arduino reference is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. Code samples in the reference are released into the public domain.


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"Why should I care about HIV criminalization? People who purposely expose others to the virus should face justice." This response is nothing new. By now, I am well-acquainted with answering the question. As an HIV-positive male who is living in a serodiscordant relationship, prosecution under HIV criminal statutes is an ever-present fear. It does not matter that my partner is aware of my HIV positive status or that I am undetectable and on antiretroviral therapy. Conversely, if you are living with HIV you need to be aware that HIV criminalization impacts you.
The reality is that HIV criminalization laws go directly against the ideas of reducing stigma. Publicly, we create campaigns and memes that tell us that "HIV is not a death sentence," yet 34 states have laws that say it is. It is easy for us to think that it is somehow acceptable to prosecute those who deliberately expose/transmit HIV, however, any prosecution of HIV goes directly in the face of reducing stigma. The mere accusation of transmitting/exposing others to HIV creates barriers to achieving a fair trial. This is due to the sensationalized media exposure that these cases receive as well as the lack of adequate, quality legal representation. In many cases, public defenders who serve as legal counsel do not understand the science and they lack the resources to provide an adequate defense. Additionally, in HIV criminalization cases, a jury is asked to consider statistical data and medical jargon, which for even the most seasoned advocate can be daunting. Criminalizing HIV only serves to perpetuate fear and stigma. Below are a few points to ponder as we engage in the conversation of HIV criminalization.
- Current laws fail to take into account new research such as HPTN 052/PARTNERS study which revealed that a person who is undetectable presents less than a 1% risk of transmitting the virus.
- A person convicted under most HIV criminal statutes is classified in the same category as a child rapist, sexual predator or other sex offender, which requires up-to lifetime sex offender registration.
- A person can be convicted of exposing another person to HIV yet other STDs and hepatitis C face no such punitive action.
- A majority of HIV criminal prosecutions are initiated by jaded ex-sexual partners as retaliation.
- Current criminal statutes were written in 1981 at a much different time in the epidemic when fear was the prevailing emotion.
- If we agree that HIV infection is not a death sentence, how can we justify prosecuting someone for attempted murder?
- In many states, a person convicted under HIV criminalization laws faces a sentence more severe than if they were to commit a more heinous crime than murder.
- As an HIV positive person in a serodiscordant relationship, even though my partner is aware of my status, I could face prosecution under my state's laws.
- In most states, an HIV positive test serves as enough intent for the sake of prosecution.
- There has not been a single prosecution of an HIV positive person accused of exposing/transmitting the virus to another HIV positive person.
The message that I have for people who are living with HIV is to know the laws in your state. Also disclose your status, then ensure that you can prove that you disclosed. Never trust that just because you are in a relationship with someone that your relationship will always exist.
The first-ever "HIV is NOT a Crime" conference will be taking place June 2-5 in Grinnell, Iowa. Please consider joining myself and other advocates as we work to address HIV criminalization across the United States. You can register and learn more about the conference at www.hivisnotacrime.com. You may also learn more about your rights and efforts nationwide by visiting www.seroproject.com.
Read Aaron's blog My HIV Journey.


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Mmmm, have I got a treat in store for the macaroni and cheese lovers out there! I'm sharing a super yummy recipe I created for a delicious mac n' cheese. It's good. Real good.
The recipe is right over HERE, click to pop on over and
i think...i am hungry :X
um... YUM!
adding this to my list of recipes for the upcoming week. Thanks!!!
I looooooove mac & cheese! Can't wait to try a new one!
This looks so tasty! I think I'll try it and add some beans for extra protein (and yumminess)! ^^


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Report: Mindy McCready Found Dead After Apparent Suicide
Feb 17, 2013 9:52 PM EST
Country singer Mindy McCready was found dead in her home Sunday, E! News reports. She was 37. Andrea Canning, a correspondent for NBC's Dateline, tweeted that she had received a call from McCready's best friend that the singer shot and killed herself… Read more


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< Back to collections by Inge Morath
Inge Morath - FRANCE. Winter Ball in Paris (Bal d'Hiver).
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Patricia Lopez-Willshaw as "Queen of Swans," at The Bal d'Hiver, a charity event for war orphans,
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Guests at the ball, The Bal d'Hiver, a charity event for war orphans.
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Charlie Chaplin and the Princess de Paris, The Bal d'Hiver, a charity event for war orphans.
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Princess Troubetzkoy as Prince Youssoupoff practices her bow to Ivan the Terrible. The Princess' costume was loaned by Prince Felix Youssou
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Torchbearers from the "Neuschwanstein" number light torches before going on. The costumes for this number were designed by Ghislaine and ex
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Mme Marcel Rochas waits for her entrance for the number "On the Canals of Amsterdam". Her costume was created and donated by Hubert de Give
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. An elegant guest. Once the show was over the dancing began and continued until four in the morning. The dance orchestra consisted of Roby D
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Enter with sleigh, Empress Catherine the Great.
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Performance on ice of "Empress Anne and the Eagle of Russia".
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Princess Troubetzkoy in her costume as Prince Youssoupoff relaxes in a sleigh with Countess Marina Cicogna. Costumes for the "Arrival of Pr...
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Conversation. Left to right: Countess Marina Cicogna, Mme. Pagliali, Princess Troubetzkoy (back to camera) and guests.
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Violet Trefusis as Anne of Russia relaxes in the audience. Her costume was designed and donated by M. Gregorio Pomar who also performed wit
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Prince Brancovan dressed as one of Prince Youssoupoff's attendants.
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Cynthia Balfour, back to camera, and Baroness de Cabrol, wife of the Ball president and one of the dancers representing snow in the "Fire V
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Princess Chavchavadze in her costume as Empress Catherine the Great. The Empress' costume was created by Lanvin-Castillo.
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. Cynthia Balfour rehearsing "Fire Vanquished by Snow". Costumes for the number were created and donated by Lanvin-Castillo, and coiffures an
FRANCE. Paris. 1955.
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. First day of rehearsal. Most people are in street dress or in rehearsal costumes. Some of the performers turn out to be very competent skat...
FRANCE. Paris. 1955. First rehearsals at the Palais de la Glace in Paris. In the foreground is an antique sleigh in which the Baron de Rede will make his entran


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- Thin, light & durable case protects from scratches and drops.
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This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
Note: Separate PDQ summaries on Bladder Cancer Treatment and Levels of Evidence for Cancer Screening and Prevention Studies are also available.
There is inadequate evidence to determine whether screening for bladder and other urothelial cancers has an impact on mortality.
Description of the Evidence
Based on fair evidence, screening for bladder and other urothelial cancers would result in unnecessary diagnostic procedures with attendant morbidity.
Incidence and Mortality
Bladder cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men in the United States. It is estimated that 73,510 new cases of bladder cancer are expected to occur in the United States in 2012.[1]
Bladder cancer is diagnosed almost twice as often in whites as in blacks of either sex. The incidence of bladder cancer among other ethnic and racial groups in the United States falls between that of blacks and whites. The incidence of bladder cancer increases with age.[1]
Since the 1950s, the incidence of bladder cancer has risen by approximately 50%. It is to be anticipated that, with the aging of the U.S. population, this trend will continue. There has been a decrease of approximately 33% in bladder cancer mortality during the same interval (National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, 1973–1997). It is estimated that 14,880 Americans will die of bladder cancer in 2012.[1]
The age-adjusted mortality from bladder cancer has decreased in all races and sexes during the past 30 years,[2] but blacks and women have a disproportionately higher mortality rate than that of white males. These changes may reflect earlier diagnosis, better therapy, less exposure to carcinogens, or some combination of these factors.
More than 90% of cancers in the bladder are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC), also called urothelial cancer. Other important histologic types include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Urothelial cancer can also rarely develop in the lining of the renal pelvis, ureter, prostate, and urethra.
Risk Factors
There are no definitive studies on the prevention of bladder or other urothelial cancers. Reduction in environmental and occupational exposures would presumably reduce urothelial cancer risk. Differences in age, gender, race, and geographic distribution may reflect differences in environmental and occupational exposure to possible toxicants. Relevant exposures include chemical exposures; cigarette smoking; infection with bacteria, parasitic fungi, or viruses; harboring bladder calculi; and treatment with certain chemotherapeutic agents.[3]
Several populations with a variety of exposures appear to be at higher risk of developing bladder cancer. By far, the greatest known environmental risk factor in the general population is tobacco, especially cigarette smoking; individuals who smoke have a fourfold to sevenfold increased risk of developing bladder cancer than individuals who have never smoked.[4,5,6] Risk is reduced with cessation of smoking, but a relatively small decrease in incidence is seen for the first 5 to 7 years after cessation. Even after 10 years, the risk of an individual developing bladder cancer is still almost twice that of an individual who has never smoked.
Among the chemicals implicated in smoking-induced bladder cancer are aminobiphenyl and its metabolites.[7] It is possible that inherited and inducible enzymes are important in the activation and detoxification of aminobiphenyls and other putative bladder carcinogens. These enzymes include N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2),[8] cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYT 1A2),[9] and glutathione S-transferase M 1.[10] Several studies have indicated that specific genotypes and phenotypes of these enzymes and their activities, particularly in the liver and urothelium, are associated with susceptibility to smoking-induced bladder cancer and bladder cancer induced by other aryl amines, particularly in industrially exposed populations.[8,9,10,11,12,13] Not all of these studies, however, have been well controlled for active or former smoking histories.
A variety of industrial exposures have also been implicated as risk factors for developing bladder cancer, primarily aromatic amines present in the production of dyes and benzidine and its derivatives;[14] combustion gases and soot from coal, possibly chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons;[15] chlorination by-products in heated water;[16] and certain aldehydes (e.g., acrolein used in chemical dyes and in the rubber and textile industries).[17]
Occupations reported to be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer include those that involve organic chemicals such as dry cleaners, paper manufacturers, rope and twine makers, and workers in apparel manufacturing.[14,15,16,17]
It is estimated that 5% to 15% of patients in the United States who eventually die from bladder cancer will have strong exposure histories to the above-named environmental factors (other than smoking).[18]
The use of contaminated Chinese herbs is also reported to be a risk factor. The prime carcinogen in these herbs appears to be aristolochic acid (AA) extracted from species of Aristolochia.[19] Because of the diversity of Chinese herbal regimens used in addition to AA, other unidentified phytotoxins may also play a role.[20] The chronic nephropathy associated with ingestion of herbs contaminated with A. fangchi has been linked to urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. Herbs with A. fangchi are banned from Belgium, Canada, Australia, and Germany but are still available in the United States.[21]
Ingestion of large quantities of arsenic in well water has also been associated with numerous malignancies, including TCC of the bladder.[22,23] Similar endemic pockets of bladder cancer are found in other regions with high arsenic concentrations in drinking water.[23] In South Taiwan, arsenic blackfoot disease is endemic.
Additional risk factors associated with more aggressive forms of bladder cancer include prolonged exposures to urinary foreign bodies and infections;[24] neuropathic bladder and associated indwelling catheters;[25,26]Schistosoma haematobium bladder infections (Bilharzial bladder cancer);[27] exposure to the cancer chemotherapy agent cyclophosphamide [28,29,30,31] and perhaps other alkylating agents, such as ifosfamide (although the use of mesna in conjunction with these agents may reduce the incidence);[32] and pelvic radiation therapy for other malignancies.[33,34,35] Renal transplant recipients appear to have an increased incidence of bladder cancer.[36]
Urothelial tumors other than TCC include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Risks for squamous cell tumors in the bladder include indwelling catheters [37,38] and S. haematobium cystitis.
Adenocarcinomas account for less than 2% of primary bladder cancers, including metastases from the rectum, stomach, endometrium, breast, prostate, and ovary.[3]
Although occasional familial clusters have been anecdotally reported [39,40,41] and bladder cancer (as well as upper urinary tract TCC) is part of the Lynch family cancer syndrome II,[42] there is no evidence that tendencies towards developing bladder cancer are inherited.[43]
Clinical Presentation
Seventy percent of patients with bladder cancer have superficial disease at presentation.[44] Hematuria is the most common presenting sign, occurring in about 90% of cases. Hematuria may be intermittent, so a urinalysis without red blood cells does not exclude a diagnosis of urothelial cancer. In patients with macroscopic hematuria, the reported rates of bladder cancer range from 13% to 34.5%.[45,46,47] Other presenting symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency or urgency, and less commonly, flank pain secondary to obstruction, and pain from pelvic invasion or bone metastases. Diagnosis and staging usually begin with cystoscopy. Full evaluation of the upper and lower urinary tract is required.[48]
More than 90% of bladder cancers diagnosed in the United States are pure TCCs or TCCs mixed with other histologies, primarily squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or both. An additional 3% to 4% are pure squamous cell carcinomas, which are approximately twice as likely to occur in women compared with men. Squamous cell carcinomas also represent a greater proportion of bladder cancers occurring in individuals who have S. haematobium infections of the bladder or who have histories of long-term indwelling urinary catheters, bladder stones, or recurrent bladder infections.[28,37,38]
Both the grade and stage at diagnosis of TCC have extremely important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Nontransitional cell histologies, however, all behave very aggressively and are less responsive to treatments other than extirpative surgery.[3] The prognosis of patients and the choice of treatments depend on the aggressiveness and grade of the tumor.
Grade and Stage of Newly Diagnosed Bladder Cancer in an Unscreened Population
The critical nature of the histologic grade and stage of index lesions for individual prognosis and management decisions has been well recognized for many years. In a study that attempted to evaluate grade and stage in newly diagnosed bladder tumors in a population-based setting, 89% of all newly diagnosed bladder cancers in men aged 50 years and older reported to the state of Wisconsin tumor registry in calendar year 1988 had blocks and slides reviewed by a single pathologist who did not know the original diagnosis.[49] Fifty-seven percent of specimens were grade I or II, stage Ta or T1 TCCs; 19% were grade III, stage Ta or T1 (or Tis) TCCs; and 24% were muscularis propria invading or deeper (stage T2+), almost all of which were grade III lesions or of nontransitional cell histologies. Because of Wisconsin's small population of black males aged 50 years and older (fewer than 3% of all bladder cancers occurred in nonwhites),[50] differences in grade and stage at presentation between blacks and whites could not be determined. Similarly, this study did not look at females or at males younger than 50 years. Because of variability in histologic interpretations of bladder cancers recorded by tumor registries,[3,51] the presenting grade and stage of this malignancy in Wisconsin is known only for males aged 50 years and older.
Almost all bladder malignancies originate on the uroepithelial surface. The majority of patients who die from bladder cancer do so from metastatic disease; treatment for metastatic bladder cancer is rarely, if ever, curative.[52] The overwhelming majority of patients with metastases have concomitant or prior muscularis propria (stage T2+) invading lesions.[53] Seventy percent to 90% of patients with muscularis propria invading bladder cancer present with this diagnosis, however,[54,55] do not come from the much larger pool of patients with recurring superficial TCCs. The goal of screening is the early detection of bladder cancer that is destined to become muscle invading. Although one study reports that approximately 30% of patients with superficial TCC followed for 20 years will eventually die from this disease,[56] these data remain unconfirmed, are at odds with other reports,[57] and may reflect outmoded patterns of diagnosis, classification, and management.
Because bladder cancer is almost never incidentally found at autopsy, the preclinical duration in which it has not yet caused symptoms, but in which it can be detected by cystoscopy, is probably brief. This rapid growth rate is supported by clinical experience [58] and implies that screening would have to be performed at frequent intervals.
Screening Methods
Cystoscopy and cytology
The use of cystoscopies and bladder wash/urinary cytologic examinations has proven quite successful in the surveillance and management of patients with previously treated bladder cancers.[59] These means are not practical in individuals without a history of bladder cancer because of expense and morbidity.
Although hematuria is the most common presenting sign of bladder cancer, most individuals with hematuria do not have bladder cancer. In the general population, the prevalence of asymptomatic gross hematuria is about 2.5% while the prevalence of asymptomatic microhematuria is about 13%.[60] In a recent prospective analysis of patients attending a hematuria clinic in the United Kingdom, 183 (19.2%) of the 948 patients with gross hematuria were found to have bladder cancer on cystoscopy.[47] However, only 47 (4.8%) of the 982 patients with microhematuria were found to have bladder cancer.
One-time hematuria testing
Two groups have reported on the use of testing a single urine specimen for blood to detect urologic malignancies, serious urinary tract diseases, and bladder cancers. Both studies were performed retrospectively to ascertain information from patients who were seen at a large multispecialty clinic [60] or who subscribed to a large health maintenance organization (HMO) and were tested in a multiphasic screening.[61] Because of the retrospective nature of each study, neither was designed to specifically look for bladder cancer detection or to focus on the population at highest risk (men aged 50 years and older). Both studies concluded that single hematuria testing was not effective in diagnosing bladder cancer. A longer follow-up of the HMO study indicated that individuals with microhematuria were at a higher risk for subsequent development of muscle-invading bladder cancer, with a latency of 3.5 to 14.5 years.[62] There is insufficient evidence to indicate that single hematuria testing is effective in screening for bladder cancer, and there is no evidence that single hematuria testing results in reduced mortality from the disease.
Repetitive hematuria testing
Two studies using Ames Hemastix, a chemical reagent strip for hemoglobin that correlates with microscopic urinalysis in detecting hematuria,[63] were conducted in geographically defined (Madison, Wisconsin and Leeds, England) populations of middle-aged and elderly men using repetitive home reagent strip testing. In each program, patients were solicited from patient care registries. Men with histories of previous urologic malignancies, or known causes of hematuria, or who were noncompliant were eliminated. In the four studies performed (one pilot study and one larger study at each site), 45% to 55% of solicited individuals took part. In these studies, 1.2% to 1.3% of all participants were found to have bladder cancer (all TCC). Only 1 of the 21 patients in the first study [49,58,63] and none of the 26 detected in the second study had stage T2 or greater malignancy. As a limitation of repetitive hematuria screening in a general population of men aged 50 years and older, more than 90% of individuals with positive tests upon initial work up were found not to have bladder cancer.[63] In the Wisconsin hematuria screening studies, all patients who were hematuria positive with negative work ups or who were found to have no serious disease were followed for at least 24 months, with no findings of developing bladder cancer. Similarly, at least 18 months after their last testing, no screening participant (with or without hematuria) had died of bladder cancer. It is possible that longer follow-up is necessary to prove that these participants did not have bladder cancer;[62] however, such studies are not available. The relatively low positive predictive value of repetitive hematuria testing (7.6% for bladder cancer and 11.6% for all malignancies) [49,63,64] raises questions about the practicality of this mode of screening.
Other possible screening modalities
The accuracy of voided urine cytology in detecting bladder cancer has been evaluated primarily in patients with histories of bladder cancer who are undergoing cystoscopic surveillance or as a routine test performed in all patients attending a large urology office in a multispecialty clinic. In the studies of patients with histories of bladder cancer, voided urinary cytology was effective in diagnosing 20% to 40% of grade I TCCs, 20% to 50% of grade II malignancies, and 60% to 80% of grade III/Tis cancers.[65,66] Although such studies were not performed in patients without either hematuria or histories of recurrent bladder tumors, a major concern for screening purposes is the lack of sensitivity for well-differentiated and moderately differentiated TCCs and the large proportion of specimens in which an insufficient number of cells were present for any cytologic diagnosis to be offered. Although false-positive results were exceedingly rare, the lack of sensitivity even in this highly suspect population make voided urine cytology an inappropriate test for screening the general population. No studies have looked at outcome of cytologic screening on disease-related mortality in a non–industrially exposed population. Outcomes of patients screened at the urology clinic are also not available.[65]
The outcomes of men diagnosed with bladder cancer through a hematuria home screening program using a chemical reagent strip were compared with a statewide population-based sample of 87% of all men aged 50 years and older from the Wisconsin tumor registry.[49] Histologic sections were blindly reviewed, and similar proportions of low-grade superficial versus high-grade or invasive cases were found; the proportion of late-stage (T2 or higher) disease was lower in the screened patients. At 14 years, 20.4% of tumor registry patients had died from bladder cancer (including 50% of those with muscle-invading grade III lesions); however, at 14 years of follow-up, no participant with bladder cancer detected by screening had died of bladder cancer. Whether these differences resulted from some combination of lead-time effect, overdiagnosis, or selection biases, a real screening effect cannot be determined.
The measurement of a variety of molecules and cellular elements screened in urine has been proposed, and in some cases marketed, to monitor previously diagnosed bladder cancer patients; however, the specificity and sensitivity of these markers have not been assessed in a screening setting in a general population, but several such studies are under way.
Special Populations
In populations at particularly high risk for developing bladder cancer (other than those with histories of bladder cancer), few screening studies that have assessed bladder cancer mortality have been published.[67,68,69,70] A study of annual cytology in aluminum workers exposed to coal tar pitch in Quebec showed a nearly 40% reduction in bladder cancer case-fatality 6 years after diagnosis, compared with a historical control group of workers from the same plants who were not screened;[71] the difference, however, was not statistically significant. Awareness of adverse outcome in the unscreened predecessors may have influenced participation in the program and workers' awareness of symptoms, the willingness of workers and physicians to initiate diagnostic investigations based on signs and symptoms, and the compliance of workers with medical recommendations for evaluation and treatment. The brief duration of follow-up in the screened group may have artifactually improved the outcome.
No randomized controlled bladder cancer screening trials have been conducted in environmentally or industrially exposed cohorts. Completed studies have usually not had comparable control groups, have not been of sufficient sample size to show an effect on outcome, and have been of insufficient length to show a mortality benefit (or lack thereof) for the modality or modalities being assessed.[68,69] One study described the usefulness of measuring three biomarkers in voided urine for risk assessment and cancer detection in a large cohort of Chinese workers at increased risk of bladder cancer.[72] The workers were individually stratified, screened, monitored, and diagnosed on the basis of predefined molecular biomarker profiles. These techniques remain investigational.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Description of Evidence
Updated statistics with estimated new cases and deaths for 2012 (cited American Cancer Society as reference 1).
If you have questions or comments about this summary, please send them to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form. We can respond only to email messages written in English.
Purpose of This Summary
This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the screening of bladder and other urothelial cancers. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.
Reviewers and Updates
This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Board members review recently published articles each month to determine whether an article should:
Changes to the summaries are made through a consensus process in which Board members evaluate the strength of the evidence in the published articles and determine how the article should be included in the summary.
Any comments or questions about the summary content should be submitted to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form. Do not contact the individual Board Members with questions or comments about the summaries. Board members will not respond to individual inquiries.
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National Cancer Institute: PDQ® Bladder and Other Urothelial Cancers Screening. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Date last modified <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: http://cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/bladder/HealthProfessional. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>.
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Born in County Meath in 1629, he studied for the priesthood in Rome and was ordained there in 1654. After some years of teaching and service to the poor of Rome he was appointed Archbishop of Armagh in Ireland. Four years later, in 1673, a new wave of anti-Catholic persecution began, forcing Archbishop Plunkett to do his pastoral work in secrecy and disguise and to live in hiding. Meanwhile, many of his priests were sent into exile; schools were closed; Church services had to be held in secret and convents and seminaries were suppressed. As archbishop, he was viewed as ultimately responsible for any rebellion or political activity among his parishioners.
Archbishop Plunkett was arrested and imprisoned in Dublin Castle in 1679, but his trial was moved to London. After deliberating for 15 minutes, a jury found him guilty of fomenting revolt. He was hanged, drawn and quartered in July 1681.
Pope Paul VI canonized Oliver Plunkett in 1975.


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LOS ANGELES (thefutoncritic.com) -- The latest development news, culled from recent wire reports:
Looking to keep track of all the various projects in development? Click here to visit our signature "Devwatch" section. There visitors can view our listings by network, genre, studio and even development stage (ordered to pilot, cast-contingent, script, etc.). It's updated every day!
Will Arnett will guest on "The Simpsons" as "the FBI's anti-piracy boss tasked with hunting down Homer, who stands accused of illegally downloading a movie" (TVLine.com); Mercedes Masöhn will drop by "Californication" as "a TV star whose plea for Hank's help ends up putting him in an uncomfortable, compromising position" (TVLine.com); Allison Scagliotti is bound for "Switched at Birth" as "a tough, cool and confident medic, who served in Afghanistan with Ty" (TVLine.com); Vinnie Jones, Olivia d'Abo and Kali Hawk are the latest faces set for the new seasons of "Psych" (TVLine.com); Brad Turner has joined TNT's "Legends" as an executive producer/in-house director (Deadline.com); Danny Pudi is the latest actor set to appear on the live season premiere of "Hot in Cleveland" (TVLine.com); and Josh Stamberg's Jay Parker won't return to "Drop Dead Diva" as a series regular while Natalie Hall and Annie Ilonzeh will guest star in the new season (TheWrap.com).


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TLC Lessons has several books with Columbus lessons in them.You can find Columbus lessons in the Pre-Kindergarten Lessons (September - December) book and the Fall Book.
This bulletin board picture came from Victoria at Kinderkorner.
a few more ideas....
To wrap up your study of Columbus, create a circle map on him. Put a picture of Columbus and his name in the center circle. Have students tell you information they have learned throughout their study of Columbus.
Create a tree map about Columbus. Columbus is.... Columbus has..... Columbus can....
Learn what it means to be an explorer. Brainstorm ideas for what an explorer is. Have students draw pictures to add to a chart for "An Explorer is...." (similar to the picture below using a scientist). Ask the question "Would you want to be an explorer? Why or Why not?" Collect the students answers and create a class graph. Analyze the graph.
Example from Kreative in Kinder
This is a class book we made about being explorers.
If I Were an Explorer
Example from Kreative in Kinder
This is a class book we made about being explorers.
If I Were an Explorer
The book is a fun read aloud for talking about exploring things.
Make a schema chart. Begin with students sharing their schema about Columbus. After reading a few informational texts, have students add their new learning to the chart and look for misconceptions in their schema.
From Totally Tots
From Academy at Thousand Oaks-lots of ideas for teaching lessons using maps and more information about these great boats
From Mary E. Scroggins Elementary - these great ships made from pumpkins
From SFGate - create these fun ships and act out Columbus' voyage
From DLTK - paper towel tube spyglass
a few songs and fingerplays about Columbus....
From ChildFun
From The Holiday Zone
From Preschool Education
a few good read alouds about Columbus.....
a few boat snacks...
From Totally Tots
From Days of Mama-hood
From More Than Enough
Handmade Beginnings
a few lessons I created a few years ago for our curriculum....Columbus Lesson
Columbus Lesson Ext


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Ultralight Pro arrows are designed and built to the demanding specifications of top field, FITA and 3D archers. If you demand the best from your equipment, count on Ultralight Pro arrows to deliver exceptional performance shot after shot. At +/-.001 Straightness and guaranteed to weigh within 1 grain per dozen, you will not find a more accurate or more consistent arrow.
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SAFETY INFORMATIONOVERDRAW WARNING: THE USE OF AN OVERDRAW THAT ALLOWS A SHOOTER TO DRAW THE POINT OF THE ARROW PAST THE SHELF OF THE BOW SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE RISK OF INJURY TO THE SHOOTER. When using a bow equipped with an overdraw the arrow should always be cut to a minimum of one inch in front of the arrow rest at full draw. Selecting the correct arrow length is the responsibility of the shooter and failure to do so could result in severe injury, and/or damage to shooting equipment. ARROW REST WARNING: Before shooting any Gold Tip arrows it is extremely important to inspect the arrow rest to ensure that it is properly adjusted to fit the diameter of the arrow shaft being used. FAILURE TO PROPERLY ADJUST THE ARROW REST SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE RISK OF INJURY TO THE SHOOTER AND DAMAGE TO SHOOTING EQUIPMENT. Incorrect adjustment of the arrow rest may cause the arrow to fall from the arrow rest and/or get jammed in the bow which could result in injury to the shooter or bystanders, and damage to shooting equipment. ALWAYS MAKE CERTAIN THAT THE ARROW REST IS PROPERLY ADJUSTED BY A QUALIFIED INDIVIDUAL BEFORE SHOOTING. ARROW INSPECTION WARNING: INSPECT EACH ARROW FOR DAMAGE PRIOR TO EVERY SHOT. Proper care of carbon arrows can ensure years of quality performance. However, shafts can be damaged. To inspect an arrow, grasp it on both ends and flex it away from yourself and others while visibly and audibly checking for splinters, cracks or nicks. Rotate and repeat this inspection process four to five times around the entire circumference of the shaft. If you find an arrow to be damaged in any way discard it immediately. SHOOTING DAMAGED CARBON ARROWS CAN RESULT IN ARROW FAILURE AND POSSIBLE INJURY. CUTTING CARBON ARROWS: Cut carbon arrows using a high speed arrow cut off saw only. Use of any other type of saw may cause damage to the arrow.The Flex it First logo is our way of reminding you to flex each shaft to test it for safety periodically especially after shooting groups or if you miss a target. Why? Every Gold Tip arrow leaves our factory as the toughest, safest arrow we can make. But like every product, theres a chance that your arrows could sustain damage in shipping, stocking, and shooting that isnt visible to the eye. Simply flex your arrows before shooting to be sure that your arrow is not damaged. If there is damage, you will see the carbon seperate or the shaft will break. That way, youll keep shooting safe and straight. Damn Straight.
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Denny Crane!!
...was right. The recently departed (off to that great TV graveyard in the sky) Boston attorney opined not too long ago that perhaps obesity was contagious.
From that fear, he fires an overweight female lawyer at the firm of Crane, Pool & Schmidt. Of course the fired lawyer sued. Crane's bigotry on the issue was played for laughs, though the suit was judged frivolous and the firm won.
But in an odd case of life imitating art, it seems that Crane might have been right on the merits: There's a study out suggesting that a virus may cause people to pack on the pounds:
Nikhil Dhurandhar, an associate professor at The Pennington Biomedical Research Center, in Baton Rouge, La., said the virus, known as AD-36, infects the lungs then whisks around the body, forcing fat cells to multiply and also causing sore throats. "When this virus goes to fat tissue it replicates, making more copies of itself and in the process increases the number of new fat cells, which may explain why the fat tissue expands and why people get fat when they are infected with this virus," Dhurandhar said.Obviously, this study warrants more study. That said, what does this say about Obama's "new era of responsibility"? For that matter, what does this say about the big government nanny-state ideas imposed by New York city Mayor Michael Bloomberg ("ban trans-fats!!!") or Gov. David Paterson ("tax non-diet soda!!!" or California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger ("calorie counts on every restaurant menu!!!")?
Contrary to the Bard, the fault, lies not in ourselves, but in the stars...Or perhaps in the microbes.
We can't help ourselves -- it's a worldwide fat-fluenza!
Or something like that. Doesn't it seem somewhat odd that this new virus has just popped up now? This is all apparently about what we ingest -- by mouth or nose -- but not what we do? Can it really be the case that modern "play" -- which has more to do with sitting on our butts with a console or computer in hand, rather than actually running, kicking and passing a ball -- doesn't fit into the scenario?
Regardless, this study does force both the "personal responsibility" right and the "we-know-what's-best-for-you nanny left" to go recognize that there might be a third way that doesn't fit into either of their world views.
Robert A. George is a New York writer. He blogs at Ragged Thots and dabbles in stand-up comedy.


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Congratulations to Skittles McFancy, winner of the November WitOut Caption Contest and totally not someone using a fake name! Here's Skittles' caption:
"…and that, fine sirs, is why I must take my leave of the Gentleman's Crouching Club!"
Skittles, look for an email from WitOut soon with information to claim your prize (two tickets to an N Crowd show of your choice)!
To the rest of you: Thanks for participating, and best of luck next time! We'll launch the next WitOut Caption Contest on December 15th.


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Gaby and his better half, or lonely half, were again on the telly and here I am again writing a review albeit a bit late. If this is to become a biannual event I should perhaps produce a template to adapt to the theme of their appearance. Served up last time was a discussion on the alliterative topic of farting with phylacteries while this time we got the rhyming Two Jews on a Cruise, though at times it felt more like Jews on some Booze.
Thankfully we were spared Gaby's lectures on Judaism and instead we got Gaby the hoarder, Gaby the curious, Gaby the Tehilim reciter, though only with a crowd round him, which is probably how most rabbis operate, and even Gaby the husher but at a towel origami course rather than in shul during shomne esre when Gaby is not particularly renown for his silence. As unlikely as it may sound, we even got Gaby the conciliator faithfully 'mirroring' his wife as if it's the new 614th commandment but then bolting as soon as the session was over and his figurative therapy harness unbuckled.
Overall the impression we got was of a somewhat mismatched couple who despite the odds had found a spark of some kind to keep them together. He curious, energetic, boisterous and cantankerous while all she wants is a partner to care for her and remain quite literally at her side. I dare say she is not the first wife to make such complains though probably only few have to deal with husbands who rip hangers out of suitcases and lie on the bed because 'it's her job' while his presumably is to put his feet up and watch. And yet they did hold hands which is not something we in Stamford Hill often get to do (kissing, however, was reserved for the mezuza and cuddles, according to Gaby, 'are nothing') and he also bought her a vase though judging by her reaction this was not a common occurrence.
There were some genuine jaw-dropping moments too. You just couldn't make up Tikwah's 'Zeus? Juice? What's Zeus? Ich ken im nisht'. And while 'shkoiech farn endikn' is regularly heard round here where we must endure bores who cannot shut up in front of a mic they barely know how to hold, as 'Thank you for stopping' it came across fresh and sharp especially when uttered towards a coach guide not en route to a simche or chasidic graveside .
There were plenty of other snippets which gave us an insight not only into the life of Gaby and his missus but also into the world they, or we, come from and which went beyond the clichés of wigs, the 'beauty' of Shabbos, side locks and prams and kids, kids and more kids. Gaby's pre-departure obsessive checking of doors and windows followed by what seemed like dozens of kisses blown at the mezuza was revealing of the security we attach to our homes and our fear of infiltration by outsiders which in turn explains our obsession if not fascination with burglaries and geneives, discussions of which one hardly gets out of earshot.
Like many a yeshive bochur settling into his airplane seat or yungerman arriving at his hotel room or holiday cottage, Gaby too made a beeline for the TV on walking into the rather shabby cabin, though let's face it few of us would have stayed on at a cabaret while the cameras were rolling. Gaby's preference for a concrete city over the tour guide's love of olive trees was as good an explanation as any for the planning problems we have round here. Following Tikwah on her own into bed with a turban while her husband went off exploring ('for a new girlfriend?' Tikwah quipped at one point) may have highlighted her loneliness but it also gave a good idea what our womenfolk look like when the wigs come off, and it wasn't terribly appealing.
It was moving to hear them both discuss the loss of his mother when he was born but what was missing and would have been of keen interest was how this match was brought about. Was it a case of a hyperactive, orphaned bochur being told by the matchmakers that his only solution was to go for a girl from non-heimish Holland called Tikwah? It would certainly have shed more light than a dozen light bulbs stuck in Gaby's fridge on frum Jews, their couplings, marriage and dare I say love, or the lack of it. It would have also contrasted with some of the better matched couples on the cruise who were no less Jewish than Gaby, one even left his rabbi an answerphone message with a shale, yet the women didn't walk the boat purring like lost cats in search of their husbands.
Like it or not while Gaby may be something of a caricature his domestic arrangements are not at all as atypical as some would like to make out. In fact their setup is probably a lot better than many couples round here locked into far worse arrangements which for a multitude of reasons did not unravel at a younger age and which they are now helpless to get out of. As to Gaby himself, his child-like curiosity is not too dissimilar to the gawking adults and kids that assemble round here at the slightest commotion. The price we pay for an education denied in childhood is precisely this curiosity that a lifetime of staring cannot sate.
Gaby's conviction that anyone not enjoying the spectacular Balkan mountain scenery 'must be lying' also betrays a worldview in which 'normal' opinions must be universally held. Indeed his critics who accuse him of attention seeking, one of the most heinous crimes in our 'don't stand out' society, adhere to that very same school of thought in which being of a view is not good enough unless you have persuaded yourself that others 'really' think likewise but simply have their own reasons for pretending to disagree.
At which point it is useful to deal with the local critique which says more about the reviewers than the reviewed and how deeply uncomfortable we are in our own skins. For the most part it was the predictable trashing of TV culture and how the joke is on them rather than on us. 'Shows you the standard of the BBC that they air this rubbish,' was how one put it. Many wondered why this programme would be of interest to the wider public as if it's everyday we come across a couple like this and were at the same time uncomfortable at the specimen they chose to exhibit our way of life. This was closely followed by how meshuge Gaby is, 'And she? Just ask Chaim...' which in turn leads to, 'They only show this kind of yid because they know that deep down this is what people want to see about us.' And from there it's only a short route to the most juicy discussion of the lot.
'You know what he got for it? Over £50,000.'
'So he's not even so mad, after all.'
'Nah, it was £25,000.'
'Yes, but what about the price of the cruise?'
This particular debate ended with, 'Are you really telling me he hasn't been on a holiday for 40 years?'
'This I believe. I tell you, you don't know Gaby.'


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I am trying to learn how to do the whole "vlogging" thing but I'm not
very good at it. Do you have some tips on vlogging that you could share?
If you have the time take a look at my four minute vlog that I just
posted and leave me a comment stating your opinion and what I could do
The Healthy Moms Editor Unscripted (vlog post)
Views: 195
I do vlog and one thing that has helped me get more comfortable is participating in the Monday Mingle Vlog by EightyMPHMom.com http://www.eightymphmom.com/search/label/Monday%20Mingle%20%2B%20Vlogs Also, Extraordinary Mommy http://www.extraordinarymommy.com/ has lots of vlogs on tips about vlogging!


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Apple Introduces iTunes 9 and iPhone OS 3.1
On September 9, 2009 — in addition to introducing an all new (and improved) lineup of iPods — Apple released new versions of iTunes and iPhone OS.
Apple CEO Steve Jobs announced: "iTunes 9 is a great iTunes release, with innovative features that make using iTunes better than ever and iTunes content richer than ever. iTunes LP, for example, lets artists share more of their creativity with fans and gives music lovers the feeling of being immersed in an entire album with art, lyrics, liner notes, photos and videos."
iTunes LP is the modern equivalent of the old vinyl record album. iTunes LPs offer an immersive combination of features such as performance videos, lyrics, artwork, liner notes, interviews, photos, album credits and more.
Bob Dylan's "Highway 61 Revisited," Norah Jones' "Come Away With Me," The Grateful Dead's "American Beauty" and Dave Matthews Band's "Big Whiskey and the GrooGrux King: iTunes Pass" are among the initial iTunes LP offerings.
On the video front, Apple introduced iTunes Extras, which offer a similar experience — but for movies instead of music. iTunes Extras may include features such as documentaries, deleted scenes, interviews and interactive galleries. iTunes Extras is now available for select movies in the iTunes Store including "Twilight," "Batman Begins," "WALL-E," "Iron Man" and "The Da Vinci Code." iTunes LP and iTunes Extras can be enjoyed on either a Mac or a PC.
iTunes new Home Sharing feature lets you browse the iTunes libraries of up to five authorized computers on your home network, import your favorites from any or all five, and automatically add new purchases made on any of the other authorized computers to your own library. My family already LOVES this one.
Other new iTunes 9 features include improved syncing, smarter smart playlists, Facebook and Twitter integration, and a bunch of other tweaks.
One of the coolest new features are Genius Mixes. They're generated for you based on the results of over 27 million music libraries with over 54 billion songs that have been submitted and analyzed by Genius. It's like having a "Genius" DJ to automatically generate endless mixes of songs that go great together from the songs in your iTunes library.
Finally, the iTunes Store itself received a makeover and now has a cleaner look, improved navigation, and several additional new features.
The iPhone OS 3.1 update improves and enhances your iPhone with new or improved features that include
Improved syncing for music, movies, TV shows, podcasts, and photos
iTunes Gift Cards, codes, and certificates redeemable in the App Store on your iPhone
Capability to save video from Mail and MMS into Camera Roll
Better iPhone 3G Wi-Fi performance when Bluetooth is turned on
Remote locking for iPhone with a passcode via MobileMe
Functionality that enables pasting phone numbers into the keypad
Wireless downloads for ringtones
Genius mixes you can create and use
Genius recommendations for Apps
Improved Exchange calendar syncing and invitation handling
Resolution of issues that cause some app icons to display incorrectly
One of my favorite new features is that I can now use Voice Control (on iPhone 3GS) with any Bluetooth headset. So, I can finally dial phone calls (and do much more) hands-free.
But my all time biggest favorite feature is one that involves both iTunes 9 and iPhone 3.1: The ability to organize the icons for all 11 pages of iPhone apps in iTunes. Just drag the icons where you want them in iTunes and they will automatically appear on your iPhone with the same layout. Hallelujah!
iTunes for Mac or PC is a free download: http://www.apple.com/itunes/download/
iPhone OS 3.1 is a free update for iPhone users. Launch iTunes 9, connect your iPhone, select your iPhone in the source list on the left side of the iTunes window, click on the Summary tab, and then click the Check for Update button to download and install the iPhone OS 3.1 update.


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Thinking to go in Brazil in 26th of January and return the 4th of February
Staying a week in Jericoacoara and another 3-4 days in Fortaleza
Will it be windy??...I am 78kg riding Bandit 7&10 covering a range from 14knots up to 40knots
What sizes do I need???
Additionally, how do I get from Fortaleza to Jeri??...Public transport is out of the question (7hours)
Can I rent a car while in Fortaleza to go around and to Cumbuco??
Many thanks in advance for your replies


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Scott Fowler
Charlotte Bocats' Game 3 loss to the Miami Heat, by the numbers
The Charlotte Bobcats' last chance of winning this playoff series expired in the third quarter Saturday night when LeBron James stripped Josh McRoberts of the ball and headed downcourt for a thunderous dunk.
That slam put the Miami Heat up by 19 points and on its way to its 19th straight victory against a Bobcats team that showed up for an energized first quarter and then deflated the rest of the night.
Now down 3-0 in their best-of-7 series against the two-time defending champions, the Bobcats gave their most disappointing home-game performance in their most important home game of the season. An arena full of hyped-up fans wearing white giveaway T-shirts turned morose quickly as the Bobcats unfurled all their problems at once in a 98-85 Miami win.
Here are eight quick thoughts about this series, Saturday night's game and the Bobcats' future:
1. For all that coach Steve Clifford and his team said about not caring who Charlotte's opponent was in the first-round series, the opponent has mattered a great deal. Catching a healthy Heat team in full stride was a terrible break. It turns out that playing No. 8 seed Indiana would have been far better.
2. The series has pointed out several flaws for Charlotte, and one of them is what the Bobcats get from Gerald Henderson (six points, two rebounds Saturday). While quite athletic, Henderson is ultimately a shooting guard who doesn't shoot well enough.
This is a position that needs an upgrade. Henderson's turnover and the silly foul he immediately committed that resulted in three free throws for LeBron at the end of the first half was only the latest evidence. That misplay was one of many that helped the Bobcats "butcher" the last few minutes of the second quarter, to use Clifford's word.
3. After his 22-point, 10-rebound performance in the second playoff game, Michael Kidd-Gilchrist looked like he usually does in the third game.
While his defense against LeBron (30 points, 10 rebounds) was occasionally laudable, MKG got stripped of the ball several times on what should have been sure layups. With three points on 1-for-6 shooting, he was once again an offensive liability. Rookie Cody Zeller was just as bad when he got the ball down low. Zeller again had all kinds of trouble finishing the play and had zero points in 15 minutes.
4. Clifford goes to extreme lengths not to play backup center Bismack Biyombo when the game is in doubt these days. Between MKG, Zeller and Biyombo, the Bobcats got a grand total of four points from three of their lottery picks over the past three years on Saturday night.
5. If you are a fan of the local NFL and NBA franchises and are having a feeling of deja vu today, that makes sense. You have indeed felt this hollow feeling before.
Remember the Carolina Panthers' home playoff loss three months ago against San Francisco? Or the Panthers in 2009 against Arizona? Or the Bobcats' two home losses against Orlando in 2010?
You have to go a decade back to January 2004 to find a playoff game that the home Charlotte NFL or NBA team has actually won – that came when the Panthers whipped the Dallas Cowboys, 29-10, on the way to the Super Bowl.
6. What little the Bobcats home crowd did have to cheer about was mostly due to Al Jefferson, battling a foot injury and still scoring 15 first-quarter points. Miami coach Erik Spoelstra said disgustedly on ESPN at beginning of second quarter that the first quarter had looked like a "warmup shootaround" for Jefferson and that the Heat would start double-teaming him more and denying him the ball.
It worked. Jefferson only scored five more points – his injury makes him a "shell of himself," Clifford said, but still a good enough shell to score 20 points. And the rest of the Bobcats could not pick up the slack.
7. When the Heat shoots 3-pointers like it did Saturday – Miami was 9-for-18 even with several garbage-time misses in the final minutes – the Bobcats have no shot. Charlotte needs Miami to shoot 25 percent from three-point range, not 50 percent, to beat the Heat even once.
8. Charlotte has one more home playoff game left – on Monday night against Miami – and there won't be any more this season after that. If the Bobcats do somehow snap their 19-game losing streak to Miami in that one, there's no way Charlotte will beat the Heat in Miami on Wednesday in Game 5.
But one victory Monday night would at least salvage some credibility for the Bobcats, who are squandering some of the respect they worked so hard to attain during the regular season. Of the 16 NBA playoff teams, the Bobcats are the only one that has yet to win a postseason game.
And a win Monday would be a nice going-away present for the Bobcats' fans, who will see the team resurrect the popular "Hornets" nickname next season. But those fans deserve more than that.
I'd say one playoff win per decade is not an unfair demand.


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Summit deputies apprehend first place in Vail
Daily News staff report
Local deputies with the Summit County Sheriff's Office swept top slots in the 40th anniversary Peace Officers Ski and Snowboard Race in Vail March 8.
It is the fifth consecutive year the sheriff's office has taken first in the advanced division.
Deputy Jeff Wilson came in first this year, with a time of just over 36 minutes. Technician Mark Watson came in a close second at 37 minutes 46 seconds and Detective Sgt. Wes Mumford finished in 43:55, securing the 10th place spot.
Start a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.
If you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.


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All Denise Anderson wanted to do was test drive a used Toyota Sequoia at her local Tampa Bay, Florida dealership. Unfortunately, a nine-foot alligator beat her there. Chomp, chomp!
The closer-to-big-toothed-nature-than-we're-comfortable-with incident occurred at Sun Toyota in Pasco County on Wednesday and turned into quite the event, drawing a multitude of people into the dealership's lot. Talk about free advertising.
Michael Chaparro, one of the dealership's salesmen, said that the gator likely came from one of the canals directly behind the property. Since it was mating season, the gator was probably looking for love. Yah hear that? The gator wanted to get down and dragon the helpless Toyota. Take a peak at the video to see what all the commotion was about. [via tampabay]


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Finding the right red is like finding the right man; on one hand they're all the same but also extremely different. Eventually one will find one that suits you the best!
With that in mind (or maybe not!) Estee Lauder has released five red tones of pure colour nail polishes for winter 2012.
From left to right: Fallen Angel, Love Bite, Le Smoking, Pure Red and Beautiful Liar.
They say: The luscious red tones in NEW Pure Color Nail Lacquer Red Hautes Collection drench nails in highly pigmented color that make the perfect statement no matter what the occasion. "There are five types of red to answer every desire." saysTom Pecheux "There are day reds and there are night reds."
I have swatted 3 of these reds!
They are Beautiful Liar, Love Bite and Le Smoking!
Do excuse the shorter nail – I broke it trying to open a box with my bare hands! D'oh!
I got the following with just ONE coat. I was very impressed with the pigmentation of these nail polishes – they are so easy to apply and they were touch dry pretty quickly too.
I found Beautiful Liar and Le Smoking quite similar on but I'd say Beautiful Liar is slightly lighter and has a pinkness to it where as Le Smoking is a very true cherry red. Love Bite is a darker deep wine berry red. My favourite of the 3 is Le Smoking, although I'd say all of the reds are wearable, especially at Christmas, yo!
On Christmas Day I'll most likely wear Le Smoking with Urban Outfitters Meteor Shower (gold shards) on top!
Estee Lauder Pure Colour Nail Polishes are £14.50 each and you can buy them here!
*PR samples