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4601 Central Avenue
Columbus, Indiana 47203
Jenny Conner-Zachocki is an associate professor of language education in the Division of Education at IUPUC. She teaches language-related courses for pre-service teachers, including those that emphasize at their curricular core issues of critical literacy, sociolinguistics, and digital literacies. Her current research is situated in New Literacies Studies and the impact of digital writing and social networking tools on the understandings and identities of pre-service and in-service teachers and their students. A second strand of research considers the potential of action research (teacher research) for supporting pre-service teachers' understandings of literacy as a complex social practice, and of literacy instruction as apprenticing students into the discourses and social practices of literate communities.
Selected Courses:
Selected Publications:


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The first PSA scholarship was awarded to A.K. Mehta of New Delhi, India in 1954. In 1957, PSA collaborated with the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) to award the PSA-RIT Scholarships to beginning RIT photography students. In 1972 PSA established a similar relationship with the Art Center College of Design (Pasadena, CA) to award scholarships to students who were completing their senior year. In 1977, PSA worked in partnership with Brooks Institute (Santa Barbara, CA) to assist students attending the institute to continue their studies.
Recipients of PSA scholarships 1957-1992
PSA Greenhood Scholarship Committee Chair
✉ Sharon Prislipsky, APSA, PPSA·
|The PSA Greenhood scholarships are awarded to second-year students majoring in photography at a school that offers a degree in photography. The PSA Scholarships Committee works with the Education Foundation of the Education Management Corporation (EDMC), which oversees the scholarship process for over twenty Art Institutes with photography programs in the US and Canada.
Each year PSA's Greenhood Scholarships Committee decides the number of scholarships and the award amounts, determines the application parameters, evaluates the applications and the accompanying portfolios of the finalists, and selects the scholarship recipients in August.
The students provide a statement or essay regarding their goals relating to photography, have a recommendation from a faculty member, must be in good academic standing, and provide a portfolio of six images that showcase their photographic skills, interests, and creativity. A condition of receiving a PSA scholarship award is that the student provides a portfolio of ten new images for display at the following year's PSA Annual Conference.
Select a year, below, to reveal or hide its contents. To see all winners at once, choose "Show All."
Click images to enlarge
2017 PSA Greenhood Scholarship recipient's Gallery
Stephanie Barber, Art Institute of Denver, CO
Tamy Hodges, Art Institute of Phoenix, AZ
LaShonda Bender-Ruffin, Art Institute of Dallas, TX
Timperis Robertson, Art Institute of Atlanta, GA
2016 PSA Greenhood Scholarship recipient's Gallery
Nicole Duzanica, Art Institute of Denver, CO
Melissa Adame, Art Institute of Dallas, TX
Mathew McGraw, Art Institute of Phoenix, AZ
Meghan Halvorson, Art Institute of Sacramento, CA

subset: commoncrawl


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Elizabeth Lanham Agent
KFB Insurance Agent Since 2016
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Life's Blueprints: A KFB Insurance Blog
- Avoid 'fowl' play with these Thanksgiving cooking tips
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text: Wacky.ddw 61 Report post Posted December 9, 2011 (edited) Tutorial for the ZTE Skate V960, Orange Montecarlo, MEDION P4310 (This currently works the same way on all 3 models, on android 2.3.5 and lower 03/03/2012) (I am not responsible for bricking) In this tutorial I will explain you guys how to modify your device. I will explain you what rooting actually is, how to install ClockworkMod, how to make full phone backups, why you should or should not modify your device and how to change your phone's ROM (Operating System). Note: Before you go through with this tutorial you should know what your stock build is, and if there is a full backup available in case you ever need to go back.There are apps you could download in the market to see your stock software build. (ex SystemPanel Lite). Mine was "GB_BEL_MEDION_P743V1.0.0B02". Index: Part 1) Rooting explanation. Short explaination about what rooting is. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 2a) Installing clockworkmod trough TPT. The easiest way to install clockworkmod without a PC. The only thing you need is a ROM. Part 2b) Installing clockworkmod on windows. Installing clockworkmod on a windows pc, made as easy as possible. (Pre-made ADB ".bat" file) Part 2c) Updating or changing clockworkmod. Updating clockworkmod, or any other recovery trough terminal emulator on your android device. (No pc needed) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 3) More info about the stock recovery. Short explaination about stock recovery for waranty purposes. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 4) Installing Superboot for beginners. Installing Superboot trough windows = Rooting your device. Part 4a) Installing the right drivers Installing fastboot drivers in windows you can skip this if you allready did this in part2. Part 4b) Flashing superboot. Installing clockworkmod on a windows pc, made as easy as possible. (Pre-made ADB ".bat" file) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 5) Custom ROMs explaination Explaination about what custom ROMs are. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 6a) Installing a custom ROM How to boot into clockworkmod and how to navigate it. Part 6b) Making a backup Making backups of your current ROM. Part 6c) Doing wipes cleaning up your phone before you flash a new ROM. Part 6d) Installing a ROM How to flash a new ROM to your phone. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 7) Info about restoring to stock backups. Info about how you restoring your phone, like it came out of the box. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 8) Flashing backups/partitions trough ADB Flashing separate partitions trough ADB. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 9) Recovering a damaged phone (de-bricking) A few solutions if your phone is broke. First part is an example what a bricked phone should look like. Part 9a) Clockworkmod (Recommended) This is a solution to most problems and fixes most bricked phones. Part 9b)Flashing partitions trough fastboot. This can be done if the phone gets detected by your computer. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part10) Total phone transfer (TPT) This wil most likely fix all bricked phones, since no one ever perm bricked his skate (so far) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 11) Links to other usefull tutorials, ROMS, Addons... Usefull links to things this FAQ doesnt cover. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Part 12) Changing splash/bootanimation. Changing the first bootscreen and the boot animation. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Downloads: Package for installing CWM Recovery v184.108.40.206 and rooting android v2.3.4 or 2.3.5: LINK (Recommended) Package for installing CWM Recovery v22.214.171.124 and rooting android v2.3.4 or 2.3.5: LINK (Outdated) Handset Driver: LINK Google USB driver: LINK ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 1) Rooting explanation (READ THIS FIRST!!!) Note: If you have a sim locked Orange monte carlo and you want to unlock it it is recommended you do that first before you continue. The link to the tutorial is in part 11. A lot of new people want to root there phone, but only a few know what it actually is. So I'm going to explain it as simple as possible. You could compare an unrooted Android phone to being on a computer without admin rights. You don't have access to change everything, because someone added restrictions. While having root access (Super user) on your phone is like being an admin, it gives you access to change and modify things a normal user couldn't. The problem with this is you could also brick your phone if you don't know what your doing. Normally you are just admin, which gives you the rights to install/delete things, change options, etc. But if you have superuser rights you can screw up the kernel, over clock the processor, changing system files,etc. Things like this could brick your phone. For example overclocking to high you could fry your hardware. There are many people who think they need to root there phone, in order to change to another ROM (Description below). But this in fact is not true, you could flash another ROM that already has super user rights. So you don't need to flash Superboot anymore. ROMs like (Cyanogenmod, Bluemonte, Elitemovil, etc) already have SU rights. You could flash a ROM trough a custom recovery (like Clockworkmod). Or trough ADB (Android Debugging Bridge), but that's for more experienced users. The tutorial on installing Clockworkmod and custom ROMs is below. So in conclusion: If you want to change to a other ROM, you don't need to root because almost every custom ROM has super user pre-installed. You can install a ROM trough clockworkmod. Read part 2 If you want to stay on your stock ROM, and have root access you need to install superboot. The tutorial is in part 4, but i do recommend installing clockworkmod first. IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO ROOT THE PHONE PRIOR TO FLASHING ANY CUSTOM ROM. THE ONE AND ONLY REQUIREMENT FOR INSTALLING CUSTOM ROMS IS TO HAVE CLOCKWORKMOD RECOVERY FLASHED! _________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 2a) Installing clockworkmod trough TPT (The easy way) Thanks to Amphoras there is a easier way to install clockworkmod now. You need to download a ROM and put it on your phone before you continue, afterwards you dont need a computer anymore. Then you can download the "TPT helper" from the market. It allows you to download different laylouts for your phone, this means it will repartition your phone and install clockworkmod for you. You can even make your own layout. This is usefull if you know how big your ROM is going to be after installing it. For example: If your ROM is "148.73MB" you could download a TPT with a "150mb system partition", this way you will have a bigger data partition so you can install more apps. Downloading a TPT puts a "image" folder on the root of your SDcard with a file "image.bin" inside. When you are on stock ROM your phone will see this as an official ZTE update. Download the TPT helper from the market: LINK (Official Topic) WARNING: FLASHING A TPT WILL WIPE EVERYTHING AND AUTOMATICALLY REBOOT INTO CLOCKWORKMOD, SO MAKE SURE YOU KNOW WHAT YOUR STOCK BUILD IS! (instructions are at the top of this topic) TPTs can be dangerous and could permanently brick your phone. Only use files designed for your phone, and always follow the in-app instructions. And be aware that depending on the layout you change to, your backup and some ROMs may not fit. If you have no clue what partition layout you should take, i would go for "Skate v2a" every ROM should fit on it. "Skate v2a" (200MB system, 35MB cache, 205MB) 1) THE EASY WAY (RECOMMENDED FOR BEGINNERS) "All in One" This option does all these things for you: Checking if the download isnt corrupted, unpacking the downloaded ZIP file, checking if the unpacked files aren't corrupt and checking if the files still match the original. If you want to do a "All in One" TPT you can check what partition layout you want to use under "Download a TPT". For example you think "Skate v1b" would suit your needs you can go back to "All in One" and select that option. When this is downloaded and verified you can start the TPT several ways "Start TPT" to start the TPT. Or power off, remove the battery, put it back in and start the phone with "Power + menu + volum up" all held at once. Or if you are at stock ROM under settings "about phone > update from SD card" When your TPT is complete, it will reboot into Clockworkmod 18.104.22.168 from here you can install a ROM. (Part 6) Once your ROM is installed delete the "image" folder from your SD so you dont acidentally flash it afterwards. 2) THE ADVANCED WAY NOTE: You need to be rooted first in order to do this, the easiest way is: doing a "All in One" TPT > flashing a custom ROM > downloading the "TPT helper" again. Then you can continiue this tutorial. If you want to flash a newer version of clockworkmod or if you want to choose your own partition value's, you can use the "Create your own TPT" Its allso recommended you "Check the image directory" before you start the TPT. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 2b) Installing clockworkmod on windows. (Johnny Hung's package) In this tutorial I will be explaining you guys how to install clockworkmod on WINDOWS, I already did this on windows Xp and windows7. (If you can't get the drivers to work i recommend you use the TPT way part 2a) DOWNLOAD THE LATEST CWM PACKAGE AND DRIVERS FROM THE DOWNLOAD SECTION! First some things you should know. Clockworkmod recovery (CWM) is a custom recovery for android devices. With this you can do things like making backups, restoring backups, flashing roms etc. For more info about clockworkmod read this: LINK Note: Installing clockworkmod will remove your original recovery partition. So before you start installing clockworkmod look if there is a stock rom for your device. (More info below in part 2) Now you know what clockworkmod is the first thing we should do is install the handset drivers. First on your phone go to "Settings >Applications > Development" and tick "USB Debugging". Then connect the device to your computer and install the "Handset" driver, it should come up once your device is found by windows. If that didnt work try to mount USB storage on your device, then in windows "right click" on the "removable device" and "eject" it. Windows should start installing the driver and a icon should show on your device with USB debugging. Now you have installed ONLY the handset driver. Installing the "Google USB driver" will come later in this tutorial. Just extract the .zip to your desktop or anywhere you want. Once you have the handset drivers installed and USB Debugging turned on it is time to download the package we need "Root_Packge_CWMv5.rar" extract the content of the .rar to your desktop or anywhere you want. Before we do the next step it is "important" to know what will happen once you click "0_Install_CWM_recovery.bat" The first thing that will happen is the phone will restart and get stuck on the starting screen. (bootloader) And the second thing is that windows will detect the phone as something else "Android phone". For this we need the second driver we downloaded. "google_usb_driver" Now its time to install clockworkmod. With your device turned on and connected to the computer. Click "0_Install_CWM_recovery.bat" in the folder you downloaded. You should get the same as in the picture below. (It shuts down afterwards) WINDOWS XP your device will be detected as "Android phone" or "usb device not recognized" So we will go to device manager and install it manually. Find your device click "Update Driver Software" > "Browse my computer for driver software" > Click "Browse" go to "the google_usb_driver" folder click "android_winusb.inf" WINDOWS 7 Go to device manager click your device: "Browse my computer for driver software > Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer > all devices" The next screen browse to the "android_winusb.inf" file. It should say "Fastboot interface (Google USB ID)" afterwards. Now if your driver should be installed and It should come up as. "Android ADB interface" Now if you wait a little your phone should reboot. And clockworkmod should be installed. Worst case scenario: your phone will still be stuck after 10min and you will have to pull the battery out. But if you now start up completely and click "0_Install_CWM_recovery.bat" again. It should install just fine since it has all the drivers now. Once clockworkmod is installed you can start installing custom roms. Tutorial in part 6. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 2c) Updating or changing clockworkmod This is the easiest way to update clockworkmod if your allready on a custom ROM, or on rooted stock firmware. If you are not, then please read part 2a or part 2b first. Download "Terminal emulator" from the market: LINK Download on of the packages from the download section of this tutorial, and copy the recovery.img to the root of your SDcard. (Or any other skate compatible recovery) Open the "Terminal emulator" app and type this without the " " signs: "su" "flash_image recovery /sdcard/recovery.img" It should say writing to block xxxxxxx, but sometimes it only shows a square. In my expirience if it doesnt give a error your good to go. Reboot into recovery and see if it worked. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 3) More info about the stock recovery. When your phone is still at stock (completely untouched) you have a stock recovery, but you cant access it with "volume down + Power" like clockworkmod. If you try this your phone will show a white box with the letters FTM inside and it will be completely stuck, in my experience removing the battery is the only option. So once you flash ClockworkMod it will overwrite the original recovery partition. If you make a backup from here, you didn't make a complete stock backup. You made a backup of everything except the stock recovery partition. The recovery.img inside the backup will be Clockworkmod. So if you want to flash Clockworkmod , make sure there is a backup available for your specific device. LINK If you are still at stock and you want go to your recovery. (make sure USB debugging is on). You will have to use ADB, that's a part of the android SDK and use this command <adb reboot recovery> If this all sounds to complicated, you could download a tool modaco member D3abL3 made called: ADBmade easy. wich makes ADB it a lot easier. Just download it install it and click "Reboot into recovery" Note: You can also install your (Bootloader) drivers trough ADB. Click "Open CMD for ADB commands" And type "adb reboot bootloader" you will get <waiting for device> like in the picture above. From there you can install the drivers trough device manager. (Like mentioned in part 1) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 4) Installing Superboot for beginners. (Johnny Hung's package) Please check your android version first. Go to: "Settings > About phone > Android version" Only continue if you have "2.3.4" of "2.3.5" else you could get your phone in a bootloop. DOWNLOAD THE LATEST PACKAGE AND DRIVERS FROM THE DOWNLOAD SECTION! Installing Super user also known as rooting your device is only necessary if you want to stay on your stock ROM, or any other ROM that does not have Super user preinstalled. If you just want to change your ROM read Part1 of this tutorial for a full explanation. Part 4a) Installing the right drivers (if you already did this skip to part 4b) Then connect the device to your computer and install the "Handset" driver, it should come up once your device is found by windows. If that didnt work try to mount USB storage on your device, then in windows "right click" on the "removable device" and "eject" it. Windows should start installing the driver and a icon should show on your device with USB debugging. Now on your phone go to "Settings > Applications > Development" and tick "USB Debugging". Now that we have done that open Johnny Hung's package you downloaded. "Root_Packge_CWMv5.rar" and extract the content of the package to your desktop or anywhere you want. Before we do the next step it is "important" to know what will happen once you click "1_Install_Android_2.3.x_root.bat" The first thing that will happen is the phone will restart and get stuck on the starting screen. (boot loader) And the second thing is that windows will detect the phone as something else "Android phone". For this we need the second driver we downloaded. "google_usb_driver" So once you clicked "1_Install_Android_2.3.x_root.bat". You should see <waiting for device>. Follow instructions for your windows version. WINDOWS XP your device will be detected as "Android phone" or "usb device not recognized" So we will go to device manager and install it manually. Find your device click "Update Driver Software" > "Browse my computer for driver software" > Click "Browse" go to "the google_usb_driver" folder click "android_winusb.inf" WINDOWS 7 Go to device manager click your device: "Browse my computer for driver software > Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer > all devices" The next screen browse to the "android_winusb.inf" file. It should say "Fastboot interface (Google USB ID)" afterwards. Part 4b) Flashing superboot. Turn your device on and connect it to the computer make sure USB debugging is ticked. Go to the folder you extracted and follow the instructions below: If you have android "2.3.4" click "1_Install_Android_2.3.4_root.bat" this will flash the "boot.img" in that directory. If you have android "2.3.5" click "1_Install_Android_2.3.5_root.bat" this will flash the "super2root.img" in that directory. You should see a command prompt opening showing something like this. (It shuts down afterwards) Note: If it says <waiting for device> wait a little. If that doesn't work you don't have the right drivers read Part4a first. Now if you wait a little your phone should reboot. And super user should be installed. Worst case scenario your phone will still be stuck after 10min and you will have to pull the battery out. But if you let it reboot completely and click "1_Install_Android_2.3.x_root.bat" again. It should install just fine since it has all the drivers now. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 5) Custom ROMs explaination First im going to try to explain what a ROM is. A ROM (Read Only Memory) basically is the phone's operation system. So a custom rom is the same thing except its customized by someone. Since android is open source, developers can take stock ROMs and modify/optimize them. They can take things out they don't like, add things and so on. Custom ROMs are most of the time better than stock ROMs because custom ROM developers, listen more to what the people want. They fix there bugs faster and they develop more updates. Often ROMs have better battery life etc because they have optimized kernels. And reasons I dont understand myself The only downside about flashing ROMs is if something goes wrong, your phone could be bricked. Wich will make the phone the device completely unrecoverable. So before you flash a custom rom allways make sure that your device is supported. Allways read the instruction provided by the ROM developer. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 6a) Installing a custom ROM (You should have Clockworkmod installed) First download a rom compatible with your phone and put it anywhere on your SD card (you dont have to rename it) then reboot into Clockworkmod by pressing "volume up + home + power" while booting, or with the phone connected to the PC and the ADB command "adb reboot recovery" You should boot into CWM. NOTE: On clockworkmod "184.108.40.206" and "22.214.171.124" you have to press "volume down + power" to boot into recovery, On version v126.96.36.199 you need to use "volume up + home + power" or your buttons wont work. You can navigate trough CWM by these buttons. Volume up = Navigate up. Volume down = Navigate down. Home button = Enter. Return = Return. Part 6b) Making a backup Now before we start installing a ROM i recommend you taking a nandroid backup of your current rom. This is a full backup of your phone. This will include all settings, data, accounts etc… To perform a backup in CWM follow the directions below. "backup and restore > backup" You can allways go back to the backup afterwards. "backup and restore > restore" Part 6c) Doing wipes Before you install a new ROM you should ALWAYS do these 3 wipes. "wipe factory/data > Yes" "wipe cache > Yes" "advanced > wipe dalvik cache> Yes" Sometimes after flashing a new rom, the phone gets stuck at the first bootscreen. Just pull out the battery and put it back in. Then reboot into ClockworkMod again and do a 4th wipe. Formatting your system partition will remove your ROM completely. So make sure you have a WORKING rom or backup before you do this. "mounts and storage format/system" Part 6d) Installing a rom Now for installing the rom go to: "install zip from sdcard > choose zip from sdcard" Go to your Rom on your SD card. "Yes" Once your done."Reboot system now > Yes" and you should have succesfully installed your rom. Note: Sometimes after installing a ROM your screen will turn black when you try to call/recive calls, and you have to pull the battery out. There is a simple fix for this: Go to your dailer (to make calls) and type: " *983*0# " Go to sensors and while not covering the sensor click "calibrate". On some ROMs like CyanogenMod & Atomic this will not work, they have a app built in to do that. Called ZTE settings. Or to end call with the power button: "settings > accessablity > power button ends call" If you have a corrupted battery animation while the phone is off. follow these instrutions: LINK ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 7) Info about restoring to stock backups. If your phone still works but you want to go back to full stock for warranty purposes, you will have to find the right stock files for your phone. They should be in the ZTE stock ROMs section. In some cases there is a full stock ROM available, if you flash this like any other rom your device should be completely stock. including your recovery partition. So after rebooting, clockworkmod will be gone. In many other cases, the backup you download will have .img files inside like a nandroid backup. But you can't flash it through recovery because it doesn't have a m5 sum file inside. In this case you will have to flash the files trough a computer using ADB. The backup should have a minimum of 4 .img files. "recovery.img, boot.img, splash.img, system.img" There could be more files but you dont need those. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 8) Flashing backups/partitions trough ADB You will have to download ADB, or you could download ADB Made easy (made by D3abL3) which I use. Assuming you have a windows computer with ABD installed, the right backup and USB debugging ticked on under "Settings >Applications > Development > USB Debugging".You can go on with the tutorial. Now copy the 4 .img files from the backup in the directory of ADB. Open "ADB Made easy" with your phone connected. Normally your device should show up. If not click the refresh icon, or install your drivers. With your phone connected and detected click "Open CMD for ABD commands" Now we need to reboot into the bootloader, before we can flash anything. In order to do this you have to type "adb reboot bootloader" Now your phone should appear to be stuck at the first bootscreen. To flash the full backup type these 4 commands: "fastboot flash recovery recovery.img" "fastboot flash boot boot.img" "fastboot flash system system.img" "fastboot flash splash splash.img" You should allways see this after every flash: You could also flash clockworkmod this way: "fastboot flash recovery recovery-clockwork-188.8.131.52-skate.img" If everything is flashed. Reboot the device by typing: "fastboot reboot" Your device should reboot, and you should be back at complete stock now. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 9) Recovering a damaged phone (de-bricking) If somehow your phone is bricked and can't boot into android OS anymore. There are a few options that could restore your phone. You should read this very carefully or you could make things worse. And always be sure you are using the right files. Below is a list of methods, the easiest and most recommended method comes first. Here is an example of a bricked ZTE blade, a bricked skate should look the same. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 9a) Clockworkmod (Recommended) You should always try booting into CWM (Clockworkmod) first before you do anything drastic. You can do this by pressing "power + volume down". If you can still boot into CWM you can try to do the 3 wipes or restore a backup from there. Be careful if you restore a backup that has the stock recovery inside you will lose the ability to boot into CWM once you rebooted. If you can boot into CWM try these 3 wipes first. "wipe factory/data > Yes" "wipe cache > Yes" "advanced > wipe dalvik cache> Yes" Reboot and see if this solved it, if not reboot back into ClockworkMod and do a 4th wipe. This will format your system partition so make sure you have a WORKING rom or backup before you do this. Allso make sure you don't accidentally format something wrong, this could brick your phone. So only do the 4th wipe if necessary. Copy your backup/ROM to your SD card by connecting your phone to your computer. Go to "mounts and storage > mount USB storage" copy your ROM or backup to your SD and do the 4 wipes. "wipe factory/data > Yes" "wipe cache > Yes" "advanced > wipe dalvik cache> Yes" "mounts and storage > format /system" If you have a CWM backup you should put the folder in "SDcard\clockworkmod\backup\ Then goto "backup and restore > Restore" if you have a working backup it should start restoring. (To flash a ROM read part 6c and 6d.) __________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 9b)Flashing partitions trough fastboot. If your phone is stuck on the first boot screen or can't boot into CWM you could try flashing Clockworkmod, to your phone trough fastboot. Connect your phone to your computer with your USB cable, and power it on. Wait a little and if your phone gets detected install the right drivers and follow the instructions in "part 8" if you can flash Clockworkmod or all the stock partitions you shouldbe able to boot. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Part10) Total phone transfer (TPT) In my opinion you should only flash a TPT if you know what you're doing, or as a matter of last resort if your phone is bricked. This is for more advanced users, you have to be aware that flashing corrupt/wrong TPT could permanently brick your phone if you follow the instructions carfully. If you go through make sure you use the right file for your phone. And always check if your files are not corrupt. Make sure your phone is charged, and you remove the charger before you begin! YOU'VE BEEN WARNED!!! You can find the TPT's files and more info about them here: LINK. You can choose which ever layout you want. If you want to return to the stock lay-out, download the stock TPT for your country. All TPT's in the page above wil flash clockworkmod 18.104.22.168 and boot into clockworkmod once the TPT is done. Note: I will be using "MD5 check utility v2.31" to see if the files aren't damaged. LINK Once you downloaded the one of the TPT's, for example "Option 1". Copy the MD5sum provided with the archive and paste it in your MD5 check utility, then browse to your file ex "150sys-35cache-skate-tpt.zip" and open it. It should say the codes match like in the picture below. If they don't match re-download the file. Note: I recommend using an empty SD card for this, and if it doesn't work use a different SD card. (Some people reported 2GB or 4GB SD cards have a better compatibility.) Now that you made sure the download isn't corrupt, connect a SD card to your computer. Extract the "image" folder from the TPT archive to the root directory of your SD card. Example "E:\image\" Now you should only have the folder with the image on your SD card Safely disconnect your SD card from your computer, then reconnect it and open the "image" folder. Then open the "nandroid.md5" file in notepad. Copy and check the MD5 from the text file, and compare it to the "image.bin" Only go through if the MD5sum's matched both times!!! Then Safely remove the SD card, put it back in your mobile and power on with "volume up + power" held until you see a black screen with green letters like the video below. In some cases the button combination does not work you could try "volume up + menu + power" or if you can still boot into android "Settings > about phone > update system> storage card updates" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNzc6vqkB7s&feature=youtu.be Your phone should reboot. Wait at least 10minutes if you don't see anything. Now your phone should reboot into clockworkmod, Now go to "mounts and storage > mount USB storage" copy your ROM to your SD and flash it. You dont need to do any wipes, since everything was wiped during the TPT. __________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope this helped, leave any comments below, good luck, and have fun !!! Thanks to wrtease and everyone who helped/supported me i'm not a native english speaker, so if there are some spelling mistakes, my apologies.. Edited February 24, 2013 by Wacky.ddw 22 Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Future Worlds: Modular Sci-Fi Terrain for 28mm figures
I've been playing role playing games, tabletop skirmish and wargames for nearly twenty years. I've been building and designing scenery for nearly that long. I've always found something magical about the miniature world and narrative created on the barren wastes of the kitchen table, broken by the rocky outcrops of painted polystyrene or the depths of space conjured up by a piece of MDF painted black and speckled with white using (someone else's) toothbrush and paint.
A table with great scenery looks amazing and even non-gamers are drawn to them. But not everyone has the time or the inclination to scratch build scenery - and quite often scratch built scenery has the unfortunate tendency to be fragile and nothing breaks the gaming mood quite like desperately super gluing something together mid game.
So, what does the Future Worlds Kickstarter have to offer? Simply, great looking, economical and sturdy scenery. With the advent of affordable, high resolution, three dimensional printers it's now possible for me to provide you with high quality three dimensional modular designs which can be printed over and over again. Want just a small compound? Easy. Want an entire table filled with a maze of corridors, service ways and access hatches? Print them up! After the small initial outlay for a set, you have all the designs required to make any size installation you want, from small and simple to huge and complicated. Just print pieces as needed - and all from only cents per piece.
The Future Worlds Sci-Fi modular scenery project offers three distinct styles of modular walls and floors:
All sets are interchangeable, giving you the ability to further customize the look and feel of your layout with pieces that not only look great and are built to last, but with a simple, and rugged clip together system, can be set up in moments.
If that weren't enough, I'm also going to offer you damaged versions of the pieces, enabling yet more variation.
The pieces themselves incorporate a 1.5 inch floor square and 3 inch high walls designed for not only 28mm figures, 'heroic' 28mm figures and those larger character pieces, or those with sculpted, scenic bases but also 58mm figures or anything in between. The great news is that if you prefer inch floors or you need a different size, you can simply re-scale the designs to suit your needs.
That type of flexibility, economy and appearance just outstrips all the laser cut MDF and heavy card options out there.
That's easy - you'll get the finished sets before anyone else and at a lower price. On being made available to the general public, these sets will be priced at US$15 through our fulfillment partner DriveThru RPG. In addition, anyone who buys the three base sets will get each stretch goal that is unlocked for FREE. While the stretch goal items will all be made available to the public eventually they'll have to pay for theirs. Back this project and you won't!
At AU$5 you get the Alien Pod
At AU$15 you get the complete High Tech Modular Scenery Set with the 'She's a Real Beauty Cap'n!' Reward as well as the Alien Pod
At AU$30 you get the complete Industrial Modular Scenery Set with the 'Down Here is Where the Work Gets Done' Reward as well as the previous reward levels
At AU$45 you get the complete Steampunk Modular Scenery Set with the 'Full Steam Ahead!' Reward as well as the previous reward levels
There are also complete damaged versions of each set available. These are accessible through the $60 reward (you get the damaged High Tech corridors as well as all three complete sets from the Full Steam Ahead ($45) reward, the $75 reward (you get the previous damaged set and the Industrial damaged set as well as the sets from Full Steam Ahead and at $90 you get all three complete undamaged sets and also complete damaged sets for each style.
As an added bonus, anyone who purchases the $90 'So you want it even more 'Pre-Loved?' reward will also get a limited edition Burst Alien Pod. This model will not be purchasable in the future and will not be made available to anyone but these backers!
We also have stretch goals as below - these will be made available to all backers who back at AU$15 or more (So if you only get the Alien Pod, you don't get the stretch goals, but you get them with everything else)
Check out my reviews and cardstock products here: Arid Hills Gaming on DriveThru RPG
Future Worlds logo and stretch goals graphics designed by Taylor Fullarton.
Sentry written and performed by Tim Fatchen
Risks and challenges
As this project is a digital project, there are of course no physical production costs and this reduces risk to potential backers. The biggest challenge is in relation to time management is ensuring that the modular sections yet to be designed are designed on the timeline stated. To offset this is the fact that the actual modular design and inter-set compatibility has already been designed and set. As a result, it is the purely aesthetic detail which is still required. I have consistently received positive reviews in relation to artwork on my other products and have several within Drive Thru RPG's popular picks ratings, meaning they considered to be within the top 10% or higher of the most popular products on their site. You can follow the link above and see my products and their reviews for yourself.
The High Tech set has been completely finished and requires no further work.
The majority of the Industrial set has been designed and prototypes exist - some altering to optimize designs for hassle free printing still needs to occur.
Concepts models and some prototypes exist for the Steampunk set. Further design work and optimizing is needed.
In terms of supply, I have been using DriveThru RPG to deliver digital content to my customers for ten years now - they are the Internet's pre-eminent supplier of RPG and war gaming digital content and I have not ever had an issue with their ability to supply orders. As sets are finished, they will be uploaded to the DriveThru RPG servers and made available by link for download by backers.Learn about accountability on Kickstarter
Funding period
- (30 days)


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But in the IT industry, isn't reverse-engineering the sincerest form of flattery?
Earlier this week a battle of words erupted in less time than Punxsutawney Phil had to avoid seeing his shadow, and it had nothing to do with whether we we're having six more weeks of winter.
Google blatantly, and withholding no punches, accused Microsoft of copying Google search results to use for its Bing search engine. Microsoft senior vice president of its Online Services Division Yusuf Mehdi came back in a blog entry and fervently denied the accusations, then went on to accuse Google of using the spammer tactic of "click fraud" to make Bing look bad.
Really? I mean, your name is an onomatopoeia for "gosh sakes." How seriously did you want to be taken? Of course, "Google" sounds like baby-talk, so I guess it's a toss-up as to which one sounds sillier.
Anyway, my point (yes, I suppose I have one) is that Mehdi's response to the accusation of filching Google's results should have been something more like, "Yeah? So what?"
Reverse-engineering is a time-honored tradition in this industry, going back to its beginning. (Compaq and IBM, anyone?) And, of course, Microsoft made it into an art form. Surely they wouldn't be in the position of dominating all of these markets if someone else entirely hadn't invented the spreadsheet, or the word processor, or the graphical user interface. And while there has been the occasional lawsuit, none of them even slowed the Microsoft juggernaut down much at all.
So what is different this time? Well, in the Internet search engine arena, they had a competitor that was far enough ahead to lay a trap that Microsoft fell right into.
Google says that its people added fake search results for terms made up entirely of nonsense strings of characters (such as "juegosdeben1ogrande"), and of course when those terms were searched on Bing, the exact same results came up as on Google. Microsoft was apparently caught red-handed. Google talks all about it on its blog.
So face it, Bing, you were caught with your hand in the honey pot this time. But don't sweat it, because that's the sort of thing that made this industry great. I think the real problem here is that you won't cop to it.
I guess denial is the second greatest tradition in this industry. But you didn't hear that from me.
About the Author
Greg Crowe is a former GCN staff writer who covered mobile technology.
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Prepaid extra baggage
Passengers travelling on selected routes can book extra checked baggage allowance up to 24 hours before departure, and enjoy up to 20% off.
You can purchase prepaid extra baggage through the following channels:
- Within Manage Booking on our website.
- By telephone through your local reservations office or our Global Contact Centre.
If you have already purchased your ticket with Cathay Pacific or Cathay Dragon, you can log into Manage Booking to purchase your prepaid extra baggage up to 24 hours before flight departure.
We are progressively rolling out "Prepaid extra baggage" for purchase, please login Manage Booking or contact your local reservations office or our Global Contact Centre to check if your itinerary is entitle.
Prepaid extra baggage cannot be purchased for the following booking/ticket types:
- On hold booking
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- Ticket issued by other airlines
- Infant without a seat
Asia Miles points cannot be used to redeem "Prepaid extra baggage".
Only normal rate baggage allowance can be redeemed by Asia Miles. The number of Asia Miles required depends on your travel distance. Please contact us at our member services hotline at least 10 working days before your flight departure. For flights departing from Hong Kong, you can also go to our service desk to redeem for your extra baggage allowance. View the details in our Baggage Information.
Please note that prepaid extra baggage is non-transferrable and non-reroutable. If you change the date or time of your flight within your booking online, you'll need to contact your local reservations office or Global Contact Centre to transfer your prepaid extra baggage purchase to your new flight.
Please note that if you take less baggage than the amount of prepaid baggage purchased, the unused portion is non-refundable and non-transferable.
Yes, you can share the allowance among your travel companions who are booked under same booking reference. Please note that you will need to check-in together with your travel companions in order to enjoy the shared allowance.
Yes, you can use self-service bag drop at airports where it is available.
Please go to the kiosk to check in and print your boarding pass and baggage tag, then proceed to the bag drop counter. If you have already completed online check-in, print your baggage tag at the kiosk and proceed to the bag drop counter. Please view our airport self-service page for details on participating airports.


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Find us on:
P.O. Box 754Arlington, VA 22216
571-216-1589 (Voice)
The Psychiatric Service Dog Society is dedicated to responsible Psychiatric Service Dog (PSD) education, advocacy, research and training facilitation. The organization provides essential information for persons disabled by severe mental illness, who wish to train a service dog to assist with the management of symptoms. In addition, the Society consults regularly with mental healthcare providers in their efforts to learn more about PSD and hosts an online community of service dog handlers veteran and new.
Brochures for consumers and providers.
Wednesday, Mar 03, 2010
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L'Instant de Guerlain would be my first pick. Also worth trying would be Chanel Allure or Ralph Lauren Safari. Maybe Estée Lauder Tuscany per Donna.
I am still in search of my signature scent, and could really do with some recommendations. Previous perfumes I have loved have been Ralph by Ralph Lauren, Versace signature and most of all Elie Saab. I also have a slight hankering for Acqua de Gioia (sp).
Personality-wise I am assertive but playful with a GSOH. I see myself as a "strong woman". Red lipstick is my usual warpaint and I am pale skinned with black hair.
I love jasmin, orange blossom, slightly sweet, with notes of honey and fruit. I hope to find something sexy, but universally wearable - any ideas??
Last edited by Rashan; 18th January 2013 at 03:03 AM.
L'Instant de Guerlain would be my first pick. Also worth trying would be Chanel Allure or Ralph Lauren Safari. Maybe Estée Lauder Tuscany per Donna.
From your likes, it does seem you like a touch of fruity sweetness. At opposite ends: very big, bright, red is Fracas, a big creamy floral. Smooth elegant, but still with a serious leathery undercurrent, there's the new Bottega Veneta.
Thanks for the quick replies - I'd be really grateful for more recommendations as am going to my local mall next week and would like to try quite a few different perfumes
Do try Hermes 24 Faubourg. A gorgeous fragrance if worn carefully. Definitely not for the shy girl-next-door.
Welcome to Basenotes!
Hi, Rashan.
Two good ones worth trying -- and both should be available at the mall -- are Jean-Paul Gaultier's Classique, and Narcisco Rodriguez for Her. They're two very different fragrances -- but both have really nice orange blossom in them, and Classique has plenty of the sweetness you're looking for, and NR has plenty of the sexy. Worth trying, anyway. Good luck!
Thank you for all the fantastic suggestions. I particularly like the sound of 24 Faubourg, however I can't seem to find any testers online and am rather hesitant to buy without smelling it first!
Perhaps Monatle Pretty Fruity or Montale Candy Rose might work.
I'd suggest La Petite Robe Noire if you want something cheerful yet not dull...
Discover my Guest Reviewer Of The Day here
Samsara Guerlain is still a great choice.
Ok so I ahve returned from John Lewis (I am UK based in answer to the poster above ) and have tried a fair few different things. Conclusions so far in case it's helpful for further recommendations/anyone is interested:
Tom Ford - Black Orchid - I found this interesting, complex and sophisticated, one of my favourites that I tried. It had perhaps a touch too much spice for me to wear it daily.
Acqua di Parma - Colonia - beautiful fresh fragrance, slightly too much citrus. It reminds me of Lush's fizzbanger bath bombs!
La Petite Robe Noir - I liked the light fruitiness, but thought the dry down too sweet.
Guerlain - Shalimar - I found this difficult to judge, the initial scent I adored, but after some time it became too powdery for me - the scent reminded me vaguely of talcum powder and saunas.
Guerlain -Idylle This reminded me so much of Benefit's Maybe Baby (one of my first perfumes as a teen) but slightly more floral. I liked it, but wasn't blown away.
Hermès - 24, Fauborg I did not like this to begin with. As it wore on however it started to wow me. Exceedingly classy, it reminds me (and I think is the signature scent of) my godmother who is exceedingly elegant, intelligent and wealthy, being an Associate at one of the magic circle law firms in London. I couldn't wear it every day, but will likely purchase a small bottle for special occasions when I want to channel that!
Bvlgari - Jasmin Noir - I liked this, but did not LOVE it. To me it smells like wallflower incarnate, pleasant enough but not eye catching.
Viktor & Rolf - Flowerbomb - One of my favourite of the bunch, after perhaps 24, Faubourg. Soft, sweet with a hint of creamy decadence. It smells edible! I've been wearing it all day and can't keep my nose off my wrists. I worry however it might be a little too sweet, and perhaps a little simple/dull for my tastes, much as I find it delicious.
So there we have it. I didn't get time today to try all your wonderful suggestions, however I am going to make finding my perfect scent a project over the next few weeks, and intend to try any and all recommendations that come in, provided I can find them!
Hi Rashan, I'm a noob, but it seems we have similar tastes on the citrus side of things. I also liked Ralph by Ralph Lauren and I also thought Aqua de Goia was a bit too much. I had luck picking something from Hermes Un Jardin line (Un Jardin Sur Le Nil) and Guerlain Acqua Allegoria's line has fresh citrusy scents like Pampelune that go on reallly zesty but dry down mild and sweet. Hope that helps, and good luck !
+ 1 Black Orchid
Hi Rashan, I used to wear 24 Faubourg and the other scents I have enjoyed have been Boucheron (the blue one just called Boucheron), Chance by Chanel (again the original one), Coco Chanel for evening wear (may be too heavy and not enough floral for you), Hermes Eau de Merveilles (the original one. I suspect you may like that), Van Cleef and Arpels First is a classic. Not sure on the reformulation as I haven't tried it recently. The Dior range is worth a sniff. I really like the new Diorling but it may be too dry for you with not enough flowers.
If you are in the UK, then definitely go to London to Les Senteurs in Marble Arch or Elizabeth St. You just might enjoy the new version of Quelques Fleurs by Houbigant, Fleur de Rocaille by Caron, Ombre Rose by Jean-Charles Brosseau, Parfum d'Empire Azemour-les orangers or if money is no object then Hasu-no-Hana. You can try everything there and I guarantee you won't leave wthout a few favourites. A one stop experience. Leave time for lunch or tea over the road because your nose will give up before you do.
I would suggest:
Allure Chanel EDP
Coco Noir Chanel
Roberto Cavalli Eau de Parfum


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Anti-TABOR plaintiffs vs. the Founders
Now that we know a lawsuit challenging the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights can go forward, thanks to a ruling Monday by U.S. District Judge William J. Martínez, it will be interesting to see whether the plaintiffs can make a more persuasive and factual argument than they did in their lawsuit's initial pleading. That document cited a single 18th century source for its claim that giving voters the right to rule on tax matters violates the U.S. Constitution's guarantee that every state have a republican form of government.
As I pointed out in a column last year, the evidence is far from overwhelming that even James Madison opposed all manifestations of direct democracy, let alone the other Founders. In fact, the Founders all admired classical "republics" in which all citizens – free males at the time, of course — voted in popular assemblies.
Nor does Colorado have a "pure democracy" of the sort that even Madison apparently distrusted. Last time I looked, we still had a legislature meeting every year that handles hundreds of important issues.
It will be sad day for American democracy if a federal judge overturns TABOR based on the creative theory that Colorado no longer has a republican form of government.


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I'm thinking it should be:
Stack Exchange network consists of 175 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.Visit Stack Exchange
One big ass mistake America.
I'm thinking it should be:
One big ass mistake, America.
There should be a hyphen between big and ass, as the two words together form an adjective, applied to mistake. (See also Ophiuroid's comment referring to xkcd).
There should certainly be something before America; I agree with Boofus's answer on that issue.
How it should be punctuated depends on the message. If one is telling America that it has made a big ass mistake, it should have the comma. If one is saying that America is one big ass mistake (perhaps one is British), a colon would probably be best.
One big ass mistake: America.
If you're addressing America, the comma before the name is necessary.
Thank you for your interest in this question.
Because it has attracted low-quality or spam answers that had to be removed, posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site (the association bonus does not count).
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Several years ago, I had dinner at Galileo, a Washington restaurant, with Steven Rosen, who was then the director of foreign-policy issues at the American Israel Public Affairs Committee. The group, which is better known by its acronym, aipac, lobbies for Israel's financial and physical security. Like many lobbyists, Rosen cultivated reporters, hoping to influence their writing while keeping his name out of print. He is a voluble man, and liked to demonstrate his erudition and dispense aphorisms. One that he often repeated could serve as the credo of K Street, the Rodeo Drive of Washington's influence industry: "A lobby is like a night flower: it thrives in the dark and dies in the sun."
Lobbyists tend to believe that legislators are susceptible to persuasion in ways that executive-branch bureaucrats are not, and before Rosen came to aipac, in 1982 (he had been at the rand Corporation, the defense-oriented think tank), the group focussed mainly on Congress. But Rosen arrived brandishing a new idea: that the organization could influence the outcome of policy disputes within the executive branch—in particular, the Pentagon, the State Department, and the National Security Council.
Rosen began to court officials. He traded in gossip and speculation, and his reports to aipac's leaders helped them track currents in Middle East policymaking before those currents coalesced into executive orders. Rosen also used his contacts to carry aipac's agenda to the White House. An early success came in 1983, when he helped lobby for a strategic coöperation agreement between Israel and the United States, which was signed over the objections of Caspar Weinberger, the Secretary of Defense, and which led to a new level of intelligence sharing and military sales.
aipac is a leviathan among lobbies, as influential in its sphere as the National Rifle Association and the American Association of Retired Persons are in theirs, although it is, by comparison, much smaller. (aipac has about a hundred thousand members, the N.R.A. more than four million.) President Bush, speaking at the annual aipac conference in May of 2004, said, "You've always understood and warned against the evil ambition of terrorism and their networks. In a dangerous new century, your work is more vital than ever." aipac is unique in the top tier of lobbies because its concerns are the economic health and security of a foreign nation, and because its members are drawn almost entirely from a single ethnic group.
aipac's professional staff—it employs about a hundred people at its headquarters, two blocks from the Capitol—analyzes congressional voting records and shares the results with its members, who can then contribute money to candidates directly or to a network of proIsrael political-action committees. The Center for Responsive Politics, a public-policy group, estimates that between 1990 and 2004 these pacs gave candidates and parties more than twenty million dollars.
Robert H. Asher, a former aipac president, told me that the pacs are usually given euphemistic names. "I started a pac called Citizens Concerned for the National Interest," he said. Asher, who is from Chicago, is a retired manufacturer of lamps and shades, and a member of the so-called Gang of Four—former presidents of aipac, who steered the group's policies for more than two decades. (The three others are Larry Weinberg, a California real-estate developer and a former owner of the Portland Trail Blazers; Edward Levy, a construction-materials executive from Detroit; and Mayer "Bubba" Mitchell, a retired builder based in Mobile, Alabama.)
aipac, Asher explained, is loyal to its friends and merciless to its enemies. In 1982, Asher led a campaign to defeat Paul Findley, a Republican congressman from Springfield, Illinois, who once referred to himself as "Yasir Arafat's best friend in Congress," and who later compared Arafat to Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.
"There was a real desire to help Findley out of Congress," Asher said. He identified an obscure Democratic lawyer in Springfield, Richard Durbin, as someone who could defeat Findley. "We met at my apartment in Chicago, and I recruited him to run for Congress," he recalled. "I probed his views and I explained things that I had learned mostly from aipac. I wanted to make sure we were supporting someone who was not only against Paul Findley but also a friend of Israel."
Asher went on, "He beat Findley with a lot of help from Jews, in-state and out-of-state. Now, how did the Jewish money find him? I travelled around the country talking about how we had the opportunity to defeat someone unfriendly to Israel. And the gates opened." Durbin, who went on to win a Senate seat, is now the Democratic whip. He is a fierce critic of Bush's Iraq policy but, like aipac, generally supports the Administration's approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Durbin says that he considers Asher to be his "most loyal friend in the Jewish community."
Mayer Mitchell led a similar campaign, three years ago, to defeat Earl Hilliard, an Alabama congressman who was a critic of Israel. Mitchell helped direct support to a young Harvard Law School graduate named Artur Davis, who challenged Hilliard in the Democratic primary, and he solicited donations from aipac supporters across America. Davis won the primary, and the seat. "I asked Bubba how he felt after Davis won," Asher said, "and he said, 'Just like you did when Durbin got elected.' " Mitchell declined to comment.
aipac's leaders can be immoderately frank about the group's influence. At dinner that night with Steven Rosen, I mentioned a controversy that had enveloped aipac in 1992. David Steiner, a New Jersey real-estate developer who was then serving as aipac's president, was caught on tape boasting that he had "cut a deal" with the Administration of George H. W. Bush to provide more aid to Israel. Steiner also said that he was "negotiating" with the incoming Clinton Administration over the appointment of a pro-Israel Secretary of State. "We have a dozen people in his"—Clinton's—"headquarters . . . and they are all going to get big jobs," Steiner said. Soon after the tape's existence was disclosed, Steiner resigned his post. I asked Rosen if aipac suffered a loss of influence after the Steiner affair. A half smile appeared on his face, and he pushed a napkin across the table. "You see this napkin?" he said. "In twenty-four hours, we could have the signatures of seventy senators on this napkin."
Rosen was influential from the start. He was originally recruited for the job by Larry Weinberg, one of the Gang of Four, and he helped choose the group's leaders, including the current executive director, Howard Kohr, a Republican who began his aipac career as Rosen's deputy. Rosen, who can be argumentative and impolitic, was never a candidate for the top post. "He's a bit of a kochleffl"—the Yiddish term for a pot-stirrer, or meddler—Martin Indyk, who also served as Rosen's deputy, and who went on to become President Clinton's Ambassador to Israel, says. Rosen has had an unusually eventful private life, marrying and divorcing six times (he is living again with his first wife), and he has a well-developed sense of paranoia. When we met, he would sometimes lower his voice, even when he was preparing to deliver an anodyne pronouncement. "Hostile ears are always listening," he was fond of saying.
Nevertheless, he is a keen analyst of Middle East politics, and a savvy bureaucratic infighter. His views on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are not notably hawkish; he once called himself "too right for the left, and too left for the right." He is a hard-liner on only one subject—Iran—and this preoccupation helped shape aipac's position: that Iran poses a greater threat to Israel than any other nation. In this way, aipac is in agreement with a long line of Israeli leaders, including Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, who fears Iran's nuclear intentions more than he ever feared Saddam Hussein's. (aipac lobbied Congress in favor of the Iraq war, but Iraq has not been one of its chief concerns.) Rosen's main role at aipac, he once told me, was to collect evidence of "Iranian perfidy" and share it with the United States.
Unlike American neoconservatives, who have openly supported the Likud Party over the more liberal Labor Party, aipac does not generally take sides in Israeli politics. But on Iran aipac's views resemble those of the neoconservatives. In 1996, Rosen and other aipac staff members helped write, and engineer the passage of, the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act, which imposed sanctions on foreign oil companies doing business with those two countries; aipac is determined, above all, to deny Iran the ability to manufacture nuclear weapons. Iran was a main focus of this year's aipac policy conference, which was held in May at the Washington Convention Center. Ariel Sharon and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, among others, addressed five thousand aipac members. One hall of the convention center was taken up by a Disney-style walk-through display of an Iranian nuclear facility. It was kitsch, but not ineffective, and Rosen undoubtedly would have appreciated it. Rosen, however, was not there. He was fired earlier this year by Howard Kohr, nine months after he became implicated in an F.B.I. espionage investigation. Rosen's lawyer, Abbe Lowell, expects him to be indicted on charges of passing secret information about Iranian intelligence activities in Iraq to an official of the Israeli Embassy and to a Washington Post reporter. A junior colleague, Keith Weissman, who served as an Iran analyst for aipac until he, too, was fired, may face similar charges.
The person who, in essence, ended Rosen's career is a fifty-eight-year-old Pentagon analyst named Lawrence Anthony Franklin, who is even more preoccupied with Iran than Steven Rosen. Franklin, until recently the Pentagon's Iran desk officer, was indicted last month on espionage charges. The Justice Department has accused him of giving "national-defense information" to Rosen and Weissman, and classified information to an Israeli official. Franklin has pleaded not guilty; a tentative trial date is set for September. If convicted, he will face at least ten years in prison.
I first met Franklin in November of 2002. Paul Wolfowitz, then the Deputy Secretary of Defense, was receiving the Henry M. (Scoop) Jackson award from the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, a conservative-leaning group that tries to build close relations between the American and Israeli militaries. In the ballroom of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel at Pentagon City, a shopping mall, were a number of American generals and the Israeli Ambassador to the United States, Danny Ayalon.
Franklin, a trim man with blond hair and a military bearing, is a colonel in the Air Force Reserve who spent several years as an analyst at the Defense Intelligence Agency. He has a doctorate in Asian studies and describes himself as a capable speaker of Farsi. In addition, he was a Catholic in a largely Jewish network of Pentagon Iran hawks.
Franklin was particularly close to the neoconservative Harold Rhode, an official in the Office of Net Assessment, the Pentagon's in-house think tank. Franklin was also close to Michael Ledeen, who, twenty years ago, played an important role in the Iran-Contra scandal by helping arrange meetings between the American government and the Iranian arms dealer Manucher Ghorbanifar. Ledeen, now a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, is one of the most outspoken advocates in Washington of confrontation with the Tehran regime.
The conversation at the banquet, and just about everywhere else in official Washington at that time, centered on the coming war in Iraq. "We may well hope that with the demise of a truly evil and despotic regime in Iraq, we will see the liberation of one of the most talented peoples in the Arab world," Wolfowitz said in his speech. Franklin did not seem especially concerned with the topic at hand. As we stood outside the banquet hall, he said that Iran, not Iraq, would turn out to be the most difficult challenge in the war on terror.
Then, as now, the Administration was divided on the question of Iran. Many of the political appointees at the Defense Department hoped that America would support dissidents in an attempt to overthrow Iran's ruling clerics, while the State Department argued for containment. Even within the Defense Department, many officials believed that it would be imprudent to make regime change in Tehran a top priority. "There are neocons who thought Iran should come sooner and neocons who thought it should come later," Reuel Marc Gerecht, of the American Enterprise Institute, told me. As for Franklin, Gerecht, a former Iran specialist in the C.I.A.'s Directorate of Operations, said, "It's fair to say that Larry was impatient with Bush Administration policy on Iran." In the Pentagon's policy office, I learned later, it was sometimes said that Franklin inhabited a place called Planet Franklin. Gerecht referred to him as "sweet, bumbling Larry."
A year later, on a reporting assignment in Israel, I ran into Franklin at the Herzliya Conference, which is the Davos of the Israeli security establishment. He said that he was there on Defense Department business. We talked briefly about Iraq—it was eight months after the invasion—and, as we spoke, General Moshe Ya'alon, then the Israeli Army chief of staff, swept into the room surrounded by bodyguards and uniformed aides. "Wow," Franklin said.
We stepped outside, and he talked only about Iran's threat to America. "Our intelligence is blind," he said. "It's the most dangerous country in the world to the U.S., and we have nothing on the ground. We don't understand anything that goes on. I mean, the C.I.A. doesn't have anything. This goes way deeper than Tenet"—George Tenet, who was the director of central intelligence at the time. He continued, "Do you know how dangerous Iran is to our forces in the Gulf? We have great force-concentration issues now"—the presence of American troops in Iraq—"and the Iranians are very interested in making life difficult for American forces. They have the capability. You watch what they're doing in Iraq. Their infiltration is everywhere."
Franklin seemed more frustrated with American policy in Iran than he had the year before. "We don't understand that it's doable—regime change is doable," he said. "The people are so desperate to become free, and the mullahs are so unpopular. They're so pro-American, the people." Referring to the Bush Administration, he said, "That's what they don't understand," and he added, "And they also don't understand how anti-American the mullahs are." Franklin was convinced that the Iranians would commit acts of terrorism against Americans, on American soil. "These guys are a threat to us in Iraq and even at home," he said.
Franklin was not a high-ranking Pentagon official; he was five steps removed in the hierarchy from Douglas Feith, the Under-Secretary for Policy. For two years, though, he had been trying to change American policy. His efforts took many forms, including calls to reporters, meetings with Rosen and Weissman and with the political counsellor at the Israeli Embassy, Naor Gilon. According to Tracy O'Grady-Walsh, a Pentagon spokeswoman, he was not acting on behalf of his superiors: "If Larry Franklin was formally or informally lobbying, he was doing it on his own."
Franklin also sought information from Iranian dissidents who might aid his cause. In December of 2001, he and Rhode met in Rome with Michael Ledeen and a group of Iranians, including Manucher Ghorbanifar. Ledeen, who helped arrange the meeting, told me that the dissidents gave Franklin and Rhode information about Iranian threats against American soldiers in Afghanistan. (Rhode did not return calls seeking comment.) Franklin was initially skeptical about the meeting, Ledeen said, but emerged believing that America could do business with these dissidents.
Franklin's meetings with Gilon and with the two aipac men make up the heart of the indictment against him. The indictment alleges that Rosen—"CC-1," or "Co-Conspirator 1"—called the Pentagon in early August of 2002, looking for the name of an Iran specialist. He made contact with Franklin a short time later, but, according to the indictment, they did not meet until February of 2003. In their meetings, according to several people with knowledge of the conversations, Franklin told the lobbyists that Secretary of State Colin Powell was resisting attempts by the Pentagon to formulate a tougher Iran policy. He apparently hoped to use aipac to lobby the Administration.
The Franklin indictment suggests that the F.B.I. had been watching Rosen as well; for instance, it alleges that, in February of 2003, Rosen, on his way to a meeting with Franklin, told someone on the phone that he "was excited to meet with a 'Pentagon guy' because this person was a 'real insider.' " Franklin, Rosen, and Weissman met openly four times in 2003. At one point, the indictment reads, somewhat mysteriously, "On or about March 10, 2003, Franklin, CC-1 and CC-2"— Rosen and Weissman—"met at Union Station early in the morning. In the course of the meeting, the three men moved from one restaurant to another restaurant and then finished the meeting in an empty restaurant."
On June 26, 2003, at a lunch at the Tivoli Restaurant, near the Pentagon, Franklin reportedly told Rosen and Weissman about a draft of a National Security Presidential Directive that outlined a series of tougher steps that the U.S. could take against the Iranian leadership. The draft was written by a young Pentagon aide named Michael Rubin (who is now affiliated with the American Enterprise Institute). Franklin did not hand over a copy of the draft, but he described its contents, and, according to the indictment, talked about the "state of internal United States government deliberations." The indictment also alleges that Franklin gave the two men "highly classified" information about potential attacks on American forces in Iraq.
In mid-August of 2002, according to the indictment, Franklin met with Gilon—identified simply as "FO," or "foreign official"—at a restaurant, and Gilon explained to Franklin that he was the "policy" person at the Embassy. The two met regularly, the indictment alleges, often at the Pentagon Officers' Athletic Club, to discuss "foreign policy issues," particularly regarding a "Middle Eastern country"—Iran, by all accounts—and "its nuclear program." The indictment suggests that Franklin was receiving information and policy advice from Gilon; after one meeting, Franklin drafted an "Action Memo" to his supervisors incorporating Gilon's suggestions. Gilon is an expert on weapons proliferation, according to Danny Ayalon, the Israeli Ambassador, and has briefed reporters about Israel's position on Iran. According to Lawrence Di Rita, a Pentagon spokesman, it is part of the "job description" of Defense Department desk officers to meet with their foreign counterparts. "Desk officers meet with foreign officials all the time, not with ministers, but interactions with people at their level," he said. The indictment contends, however, that on two occasions Franklin gave Gilon classified information.
The issue of Israel's activities in Washington is unusually sensitive. Twenty years ago, a civilian Naval Intelligence analyst named Jonathan Pollard was caught stealing American secrets on behalf of an Israeli intelligence cell—a "rogue" cell, the Israelis later claimed. Pollard said that he was driven to treason because, as a Jew, he could not abide what he saw as America's unwillingness to share crucial intelligence with Israel. Pollard's actions were an embarrassment for American Jews, who fear the accusation of "dual loyalty"—the idea that they split their allegiance between the United States and Israel. For Israel, the case was a moral and political disaster. And there are some in the American intelligence community who suspect that Israel has never stopped spying on the United States.
Earlier this month, Ayalon told me that Israel does not "collect any intelligence on the United States, period, full stop. We won't do anything to risk this most important relationship." In any case, he said, there was no need to spy, "because coöperation is so intimate and effective between Israel and the U.S." Ayalon also said that Gilon, who is returning to Jerusalem later this summer, remains an important member of his staff; in recent months, Gilon has attended meetings at the State Department, the Pentagon, and the White House.
In June of 2004, F.B.I. agents searched Franklin's Pentagon office and his home in West Virginia, and allegedly found eighty-three classified documents. Some had to do with the Iran debate, but some pertained to Al Qaeda and Iraq. (A separate federal indictment, citing the documents, has been handed down in West Virginia.) According to a person with knowledge of Franklin's case, the agents told Franklin that Rosen and Weissman were working against America's interests. Franklin faced ruin—the documents found in his house could cost him his job, the agents said. Franklin, who did not have a lawyer, agreed to coöperate in the investigation of Rosen and Weissman, although apparently he was not given in return a specific promise of leniency. Soon, he was wired, and was asked to contact the two aipac employees. On July 21st, Franklin called Weissman and said that he had to speak to him immediately—that it was a matter of life and death. They arranged to meet outside the Nordstrom's department store at Pentagon City.
A month before that meeting, The New Yorker had published an article by Seymour Hersh about the activities of Israeli intelligence agents in northern Iraq. Franklin, who held a top-secret security clearance, allegedly told Weissman that he had new, classified information indicating that Iranian agents were planning to kidnap and kill the Israelis referred to by Hersh. American intelligence knew about the threat, Franklin said, but Israel might not. He also said that the Iranians had infiltrated southern Iraq, and were planning attacks on American soldiers. Rosen and Weissman, Franklin hoped, could insure that senior Administration officials received this news. It is unclear whether what Franklin relayed was true or whether it had been manufactured by the F.B.I. The Bureau has refused to comment on the case.
Weissman hurried back to aipac's headquarters and briefed Rosen and Howard Kohr, aipac's executive director. According to aipac sources, Rosen and Weissman asked Kohr to give the information to Elliott Abrams, the senior Middle East official on the National Security Council. Kohr didn't get in touch with Abrams, but Rosen and Weissman made two calls. They called Gilon and told him about the threat to Israeli agents in Iraq, and then they called Glenn Kessler, a diplomatic correspondent at the Washington Post, and told him about the threat to Americans.
A month later, on the morning of August 27, 2004, F.B.I. agents visited Rosen at his home, in Silver Spring, Maryland, seeking to question him. Rosen quickly called aipac's lawyers. That night, CBS News reported that an unnamed Israeli "mole" had been discovered in the Pentagon, and that the mole had been passing documents to two officials of aipac, who were passing the documents on to Israeli officials.
Within days, the names of Franklin, Rosen, and Weissman were made public. The F.B.I. informed Franklin that he was going to be charged with illegal possession of classified documents. Franklin was said by friends to be frightened, and surprised. He said that he could not afford to hire a lawyer. The F.B.I. arranged for a court-appointed attorney to represent him. The lawyer, a former federal prosecutor, advised him to plead guilty to espionage charges, and receive a prison sentence of six to eight years.
At about this time, Franklin received a call from Michael Ledeen, his ally in matters of Iran policy. "I called him and said, 'Larry, what's going on?' " Ledeen recalled. "He said, 'Don't worry. Sharansky' "—Natan Sharansky, the former Soviet dissident—" 'survived years in the Gulag, and I'll survive prison, too.' I said, 'What are you talking about?' He told me what was going on. I asked him if he had a good lawyer." Ledeen called the criminal-defense attorney Plato Cacheris. "I knew him from when he served as Fawn's attorney," Ledeen said, referring to Fawn Hall, who was Colonel Oliver North's secretary at the time of the Iran-Contra affair. Cacheris has also represented Monica Lewinsky and the F.B.I. agent Robert Hanssen, who spied for Moscow. Cacheris offered to represent Franklin pro bono, and Franklin accepted the offer.
aipac launched a special appeal for donations—for the organization, not for Rosen and Weissman. "Your generosity at this time will help ensure that false allegations do not hamper our ability or yours to work for a strong U.S.-Israel relationship and a safe and secure Israel," aipac's leaders wrote in the letter accompanying the appeal.
But in December four aipac officials, including Kohr, were subpoenaed to testify before a grand jury in Alexandria, Virginia. In March, aipac's principal lawyer, Nathan Lewin, met with the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia, Paul McNulty, who agreed to let Lewin see some of the evidence of the Pentagon City sting. According to an aipac source, an eleven-second portion of the telephone conversation between Rosen, Weissman, and the Post's Glenn Kessler, which the F.B.I. had recorded, was played for Lewin. In that conversation, Rosen is alleged to have told Kessler about Iranian agents in southern Iraq—information that Weissman had received from Franklin. In the part of the conversation that Lewin heard, Rosen jokes about "not getting in trouble" over the information. He also notes, "At least we have no Official Secrets Act"—the British law that makes journalists liable to prosecution if they publish classified material.
Prosecutors argued to Lewin that this statement proved that Rosen and Weissman were aware that the information Franklin had given them was classified, and that Rosen must therefore have known that he was passing classified information to Gilon, a foreign official. Lewin, who declined to comment on the case, recommended that aipac fire Rosen and Weissman. He also told the board that McNulty had promised that aipac itself would not be a target of the espionage investigation. An aipac spokesman, Patrick Dorton, said of the firing, "Rosen and Weissman were dismissed because they engaged in conduct that was not part of their jobs, and because this conduct did not comport with the standards that aipac expects and requires of its employees."
When I asked Abbe Lowell, Rosen's lawyer, about the firings, he said, "Steve Rosen's dealings with Larry Franklin were akin to his dealings with executive-branch officials for more than two decades and were well known, encouraged, and appreciated by aipac."
Last month, I met with Lowell and Rosen in Lowell's office, which these days is a center of Washington scandal management. (He also represents the fallen lobbyist Jack Abramoff.) Lowell had instructed Rosen not to discuss specifics of the case, but Rosen expressed disbelief that his career had been ended by an F.B.I. investigation. "I'm being looked at for things I've done for twenty-three years, which other foreign-policy groups, hundreds of foreign-policy groups, are doing," Rosen said, and went on, "Our job at aipac was to understand what the government is doing, in order to help form better policies, in the interests of the U.S. I've never done anything illegal or harmful to the U.S. I never even dreamed of doing anything harmful to the U.S." Later, he said, "We did not knowingly receive classified information from Larry Franklin." Lowell added, "When the facts are known, this will be a case not about Rosen and Weissman's actions but about the government's actions." Lowell said that he would not rehearse his arguments against any charges until there is an indictment.
Rosen said that he was particularly upset by the allegation that, because he had informed Gilon that Israeli lives might be in danger, he was a spy for Israel. "If I had been given information that British or Australian soldiers were going to be kidnapped or killed in Iraq, I think I would have done the same thing," he said. "I'd have tried to warn them by calling friends at those embassies." He wants to believe that he could return to aipac if he is exonerated, but this does not seem likely. aipac leaders are downplaying Rosen's importance to the organization. "aipac is focussed primarily on legislative lobbying," Dorton told me. Rosen's severance pay will end in September, although aipac, in accordance with its bylaws, will continue to pay legal fees for Rosen and Weissman.
Rosen's defenders are critical of aipac for its handling of the controversy. Martin Indyk, who is now the director of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, a think tank within the Brookings Institution, thinks that aipac made a tactical mistake by cutting off the two men. "It appears they've abandoned their own on the battlefield," he says. "Because they cut Steve off, they leave him no choice." Indyk wouldn't elaborate, but the implication was clear: Rosen and Weissman will defend themselves by arguing that they were working in concert with the highest officials of the organization, including Kohr.
Until there is an indictment, the government's full case against Rosen and Weissman cannot be known; no one in the Justice Department will comment. The laws concerning the dissemination of government secrets are sometimes ambiguous and often unenforced, and prosecutors in such cases face complex choices. According to Lee Strickland, a former chief privacy officer of the C.I.A., prosecutors pressing espionage charges against Rosen and Weissman would have to prove that the information the two men gave to Gilon not merely was classified but rose to the level of "national-defense information," meaning that it could cause dire harm to the United States. Yet a reporter who called the Embassy to discuss the same information in the course of preparing a story—thus violating the same statute—would almost certainly not be prosecuted. Strickland continued, "Twice in the Clinton Administration we had proposals to broaden the statutes to include the recipients, not just the leakers, of classified information. The New York Times and the Washington Post went bat-shit about this legislation. They saw it as an attempt to shut down leaks." If American law did punish those who receive, and then pass on, or publish, privileged information, much of the Washington press corps would be in jail, according to Lee Levine, a First Amendment lawyer. So would a great many government officials, elected and appointed, for whom classified information is the currency of conversation with reporters and lobbyists.
Strickland, who said that he had spent much of his career at the C.I.A. "shutting down" leaks, called the aipac affair "uncharted territory." It is uncommon, he said, for an espionage case to be built on the oral transmission of national-defense information. He also said, "Intent is always an element. If I were a defense attorney, I would argue that this was a form of entrapment. The F.B.I. agents deliberately set my client up, put him in a moral quandary." He added, however, that although a jury might recognize the quandary, the law does not. "Just because you have information that would help a foreign country doesn't make it your job to pass that information."
Even some of aipac's most vigorous critics do not see the Rosen affair as a traditional espionage case. James Bamford, who is the author of well-received books about the National Security Agency, and an often vocal critic of Israel and the pro-Israel lobby, sees the case as a cautionary tale about one lobbying group's disproportionate influence: "What Pollard did was espionage. This is a much different and more unique animal—this is the selling of ideology, trying to sell a viewpoint." He continued, "Larry Franklin is not going to knock on George Bush's door, but he can get aipac, which is a pressure group, and the Israeli government, which is an enormous pressure group, to try to get the American government to change its policy to a more aggressive policy." Bamford, who believes that Weissman and Rosen may indeed be guilty of soliciting information and passing it to a foreign government, sees the case as a kind of brushback pitch, a way of limiting aipac's long—and, in Bamford's view, dangerous—reach.
Other aipac critics see the lobby's behavior as business as usual in Washington. "The No. 1 game in Washington is making people talking to you feel like you're an insider, that you've got information no one else has," Sam Gejdenson, a former Democratic congressman from Connecticut, says. When Gejdenson opposed a proposal to increase Israel's foreign-aid allocation at the expense of more economically needy countries, aipac, he said, responded by "sitting on its hands" during his reëlection campaigns, despite the fact that he is Jewish. "It's like any other lobbying group," he said. "Its job isn't to come up with the best ideas for mankind, or the U.S. It's narrowly focussed."
aipac officials insist that the case has not affected the organization's effectiveness. But its operations have certainly been hindered by the controversy of the past year, and the F.B.I. sting may force lobbyists of all sorts to be more careful about trying to penetrate the executive branch—and about leaking to reporters. And aipac now seems acutely sensitive to the appearance of dual loyalty. The theme of this year's aipac conference was "Israel, an American Value," and, for the first time, "Hatikvah," the Israeli national anthem, was not sung. The only anthem heard was "The Star-Spangled Banner." ♦


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text:
The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) are nutritional
guidelines established and periodically reviewed by the United States
government's Food and Nutrition Board (part of the National Academy of
Sciences). These recommendations suggest a healthy range for daily intake of
selected nutrients, calories, protein, and several vitamins and minerals.
Last Revised:
January 25, 2013
Healthwise Staff
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Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Rhonda O'Brien, MS, RD, CDE - Certified Diabetes Educator
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