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Common Questions About Type 2 Diabetes
What is type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body fails to properly use and store glucose. Instead of converting sugar into energy, it backs up in the bloodstream and causes a variety of symptoms.
Type 2 (formerly called 'adult-onset' or 'non insulin-dependent') diabetes results when the body doesn't produce enough insulin and/or is unable to use insulin properly (this is also referred to as 'insulin resistance'). This form of diabetes usually occurs in people who are over 40 years of age, overweight, and have a family history of diabetes, although today it is increasingly found in younger people.
What causes type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes can be caused by a variety of factors: being overweight, being physically inactive, or your body's inability to properly use the insulin it produces. In addition, those who have been previously identified as having impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are also at risk.
What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes?
People with type 2 diabetes frequently experience certain symptoms. These include:
- being very thirsty
- frequent urination
- blurry vision
- irritability
- tingling or numbness in the hands or feet
- frequent skin, bladder or gum infections
- wounds that don't heal
- extreme unexplained fatigue
In some cases of type 2 diabetes, there are no symptoms. In this case, people can live for months, even years, without knowing they have the disease. This form of diabetes comes on so gradually that symptoms may not even be recognized.
Who gets type 2 diabetes?
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and physical inactivity. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes also increases as people grow older. People who are over 40 and overweight are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, although the incidence of this type of diabetes in adolescents is growing. Diabetes is more common among Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders. Also, people who develop diabetes while pregnant (a condition called gestational diabetes) are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.
Can diabetes be cured?
Currently, there is no cure for type 2 diabetes. There has been speculation about the role of gastric bypass surgery in "curing" type 2, however, a causal link has not been established between the surgery and the cure of type 2 diabetes.
How is type 2 diabetes treated?
Type 2 diabetes is often treated with oral medication because many people with this type of diabetes make some insulin on their own. The pills people take to control type 2 diabetes do not contain insulin. Instead, medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and many others are used to make the insulin that the body still produces more effective.
Some people with type 2 diabetes are treated with insulin. Insulin is either injected with a syringe several times per day, or delivered via an insulin pump. The goal of insulin therapy is to mimic the way the pancreas would produce and distribute its own insulin, if it were able to manufacture it. Taking insulin does not mean you have done a bad job of trying to control your blood glucose—instead it simply means that your body doesn't produce or use enough of it on its own to cover the foods you eat.
One of the key factors in Joslin's treatment of diabetes is tight blood glucose control, so be certain that your treatment helps get your blood glucose readings as close to normal as safely possible. Patients should discuss with their doctors what their target blood glucose range is. It is also important to determine what your goal is for A1C readings (a test that determines how well your diabetes is controlled over the past 2-3 months). By maintaining blood glucose in the desired range, you'll likely avoid many of the complications some people with diabetes face.
What kind of complications are people with diabetes susceptible to?
Blood travels throughout your body, and when too much glucose (sugar) is present, it disrupts the normal environment that the organ systems of your body function within. In turn, your body starts to exhibit signs that things are not working properly inside—those are the symptoms of diabetes people sometimes experience. If this problem—caused by a variety of factors—is left untreated, it can lead to a number of damaging complications such as heart attacks, strokes, blindness, kidney failure, and blood vessel disease that may require an amputation, nerve damage, and impotence in men.
The good news is that prevention plays an important role in warding off these complications. By maintaining tight control of your blood glucose—and getting it as close to normal as possible—you'll help your body function in the way that it would if you did not have diabetes. Tight control helps you decrease the chances that your body will experience complications from elevated glucose levels.
Can diabetes be prevented?
Research has shown that there are some ways of preventing type 2 diabetes, or at least delaying its onset. Lifestyle changes such as becoming more active (or staying active, if you already engage in regular physical activity) and making sure your weight stays in a healthy range are two ways to help ward off type 2 diabetes, but talk to your doctor about what else you can do to prevent or manage the disease.
Click here for more information about Joslin's Comprehensive Adult Diabetes Care Center.
Page last updated: November 07, 2019


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7" Habico Tagged YKK Nylon Zip - Medium G374341
If you're creating a stylish skirt or a pretty dress, you'll need the perfect zip to match your design! This 7" Habico Tagged YKK Nylon Zip in Medium Grey will work wonderfully.Read the full description
1 x 7" Habico Tagged YKK Nylon Zip - Medium Grey
Delivery and Returns
Your order will be despatched within 3-5 working days. Most deliveries require someone to accept and sign for the delivery to ensure the goods are received correctly. To help you we can arrange for delivery to be made elsewhere.Click here for more information.
ASDA toyou Service: Where you see the ASDA logo, we offer a Click & Collect service from over 600 ASDA stores. Please Note: This service is only available when ALL the items in your basket are eligible for ASDA toyou. Click here for more information.
We hope you like your purchase, however, if you are not entirely satisfied with any item, it may be sent back to us for a refund, provided it is returned within 14 days (unless otherwise specified) from the date of despatch. Please click here for more information.
- £1.10
- Club members pay £0.99

subset: commoncrawl


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Honda Accord Infographic PR Banner, Behind the design
Honda Accord Infographic PR Banner at an eventInfoNewt designed this infographic PR banner for Honda America as part of their promotion activities supporting the release of the new 2013 Honda Accord. These 9ft banners were on display at PR events in cities all over the country through August and September.
This is a great example of getting more ROI value out of one design project. In addition to being used as banners at the events, both a printed version and an electronic version on USB drives were included in the PR kit handed out to members of the press that attended the events. Finally, the infographic was released online to appeal to the broader consumer audience.
At InfoNewt, we focus on two levels of an infographic design. Most of the audience will only spend five seconds or less reading the infographic, and the information that a reader can walk away with in that time is called the top level. We identify what we call the "Key Message" with the client up front when we begin a design project, because we want the infographic to communicate that message in the top level of the design. The second level of the design is the rich, detailed information and data visualizations that support the Key Message. A smaller portion of the audience will take the additional time to absorb and understand that deeper level of detail, but they are also paying very close attention and will comment about any mistakes made in the designs.
The Key Message of this particular design is that Honda has been building Accords in the U.S. for 30 years. In fact, they've been building them at the same manufacturing plant in Marysville, OH for all 30 years. The design communicates this message very quickly to the audience, and all of the additional technical specifications of the different Accord models through the years is second level data.
The color waterfall of the available exterior colors for every model year is a fun, engaging design element that initially attracts most viewers, but was especially challenging. The team at Honda had to dig back into their physical, historical archives over a period of a few weeks to gather the old model specifications and take high-resolution pictures of the old brochures. This was especially challenging because none of the old materials have been electronically archived or were allowed to leave the building.
There is a lot of detail in the second level of the design. The 2013 model of the Accord is the ninth major redesign of the car, and that gave us the opportunity to focus the timeline on the changes made with each major redesign. The design highlights some of the most significant features of each model design, and even distinguishes between standard and optionally available elements. CD player launched in the fourth generation, side airbags launched in the sixth generation, etc.
Although most of the data is represented with icons, we found that actual photos of each model design made them quick and easy to recognize. The timeline starts with the second generation because that was the first model built in the U.S. and reinforces the Key Message of the overall design. Wheelbase is shown as a dimensional arrow in each photo, which puts the data into context and performs the dual purpose of also visually explaining what the wheelbase dimension is to any readers that don't already understand.
Down the left side of the design is an additional, subtle data visualization that places each 1 million cumulative Accords produced on the timeline. This leads up to the current major milestone of 9 million Accords produced in the U.S. that was reached in 2012.
The online version of the infographic is available from the Honda News account on Flickr:


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seconddraft needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 37 designs submitted by 14 freelance designers.
Looking for a fresh, clean and eye catching logo for a new membership and community site called: IT SERVICE ZONE .com
IT SERVICE ZONE .com
Suggestions welcome!
Desired Color Scheme:
You decide!
Desired Style:
Strong, distinctive, represents learning, development and growth. Please remember this is for the IT sector not farming, agriculture or schools. Maybe some emphasis on the 'O' in Zone?
Accepted File Formats:
PSD (vector), JPEG, GIF.
The logo must appeal to IT Service Professionals and IT Managers mainly in the US, Canada and Europe. You can use your imagination to create something distinctive but appealing to corporations too. As well as using the three words (IT SERVICE ZONE) plus the ".com", I would also like a 'device' or 'symbol' that represents the feeling of community, sharing, connectivity, learning and quality. The 'device' can be used separately to brand documents or images and will hopefully become synonomous with the IT SERVICE ZONE site.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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New Heroes in the Fight Against Big Oil
Catastrophes like the spill in the Gulf expose the destructive side of industries and their environmental impacts. They also create unexpected heroes, ordinary people like Lois Gibbs, propelled into the political arena when industrial waste exposed her community in Love Canal, New York, to cancer-causing chemicals. Three decades after her story forced America to grapple with industries' toxic legacy, the tar balls that are washing onto Florida's beaches are galvanizing a new movement, started by Dave Rauschkolb, a surfer and pizza bar owner.
Rauschkolb is not a professional Sierra-Club type and seems offended when asked about his political affiliation. But his business depends on tourism, and he's incensed that state and federal politicians let the oil industry take a gamble on the safety of drilling in the Gulf Coast. "I am very angry that our predictions to Florida's legislators that this type of accident could happen fell on deaf ears," Rauschkolb wrote in a recent op-ed. "We have been telling them for months of our serious concerns."
His anger has turned him into an activist. Rauschkolb created "Hands Across the Sand," a series of demonstrations on Saturday, June 26, that call for an end to offshore oil drilling. The events are simple: Show up at 11 A.M. at your local waterfront, and join hands at noon. Demonstrations are happening in all 50 states and more than 30 countries.
Rauschkolb got the idea for Hands last fall when he heard about a bill in the Florida legislature that would have brought offshore drilling within 10 miles of his beloved beaches. He decided to organize what he expected would be a modest local demonstration on the beach, but his message struck a nerve among Floridians. The protest mushroomed into a 10,000-person event on dozens of beaches across the state. Rauschkolb believes that the response helped kill the bill in committee before it reached the floor of the Florida senate.
Now he hopes that news of the BP spill will mobilize enough Americans to force sweeping change—not just a tough response to BP but a transformation of U.S. energy policies.
I called Rauschkolb in Florida to find out what he expected Hands to accomplish.
Madeline Ostrander: How large do you hope Hands Across the Sand will be?
Dave Rauschkolb: We think it's going to be the largest anti-offshore oil drilling gathering of people in the history of the world. We're getting new sign-ups every day. When we held the demonstration in Florida in February, we estimated that 10,000 to 12,000 people participated. We organized 80 beaches. We had events from Jacksonville to Miami and from Key West all the way to Pensacola.
Madeline: What outcome are you hoping for?
Dave: For starters, a permanent ban on offshore drilling.
And I think it's time to make a major change. This is an opportunity for a paradigm shift. My greatest hope is that America's response to the Deepwater Horizon incident will steer us away from our dependence on oil.
This is an opportunity for Americans to get it into their consciousness: Oil companies have been poisoning our energy policy and our political process with money and influence for far too long. The oil industry is calling the shots here, and it's time for Americans to take charge of their own energy future instead of allowing the oil companies to continue to dictate what kind of fuels we use.
President Obama is speaking the right language, but I'm concerned that the federal government is going to make BP the scapegoat, change some of the regulations and the safety issues, and give everyone the illusion that we've put the problem behind us. I believe far too much focus is being placed on BP. BP is definitely at fault and should be held accountable. But this should be an indictment on the entire offshore oil-drilling industry.
Any company could have done this. As recently as 10 months ago, off of Australia in the Timor Sea, a deepwater rig had a blowout and a subsequent fire. It took them three months to cap that leak by drilling a relief well. It didn't get a lot of press, and no one was really paying attention.
But excuse me, this has happened twice in the last year! And that was an entirely different company. It's obvious that the oil companies don't have measures and technology in place to handle these situations. And it's just beyond me that we would consider allowing them to continue. We have oil on our faces now. Shame on any politician who is advocating expanded offshore oil drilling.
No one industry should be allowed to make mistakes that put so many people's lives and livelihoods at risk. The only way that we're going to get off our dependence on oil is to change our energy policies so that renewable energy industries can flourish. These are industries that will add a tremendous number of jobs to America's economy and won't endanger our coastal economies, our wildlife, and our marine environments—or our air quality or atmosphere.
Madeline: When did you first become so passionate in your opposition to offshore drilling and to oil?
Dave: In October of 2009, I held a meet-and-greet on the beach at my restaurant in Seaside for David Pleat, who's running for the state house of representatives in District 7. He gave an impassioned speech about his opposition to a bill in the state legislature that would lift the ban on nearshore oil drilling in Florida and allow drilling between three and ten miles of our beaches.
Right before he gave the speech, I was in a conversation, and I had said the words, "We need to draw a line in the sand about this and do what we can to stop it."
I'm sitting there next to my wife, and I got a flash of an idea: How great would it be for Floridians to join hands on the beaches and literally form that line in the sand? So I made a short speech challenging the people gathered there to do that.
I wrote up a mission statement the next day, and I got some friends of mine to create a website. Within about three months I was able to build support among environmental groups, including the Surfrider Foundation, Sierra Club, Audubon Society, Emerald Coastkeeper, and many more. And in Florida I was able to get the support of every Chamber of Commerce from Pensacola to Panama City.
Madeline: How did policymakers respond to the demonstration in February?
Dave: I definitely feel that we played a role in getting that bill tabled for the year. And we definitely made more Floridians aware of the issue of nearshore drilling.
Now, Florida's governor, Charlie Crist, has made an announcement that he is going to try to call a special session [to take up an amendment to the state constitution]. If the amendment passed, it would give Floridians the chance in November to vote on a permanent ban on nearshore oil drilling in Florida. I applaud Governor Crist's conviction with this situation because, to me, anything that takes the issue out of the hands of the politicians and puts this decision into the hands of Floridians is a good thing.
Madeline: Were you involved in environmental issues before you organized these demonstrations?
Dave: No. I've never labeled myself as an activist. I'm pretty much a restaurateur. And I've been a surfer for 33 years. I've spent a lot of time in the Gulf of Mexico. I've witnessed every single hurricane. And I've lived in Florida for most of my life.
I'm passionate about protecting the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. I'm passionate about my community on many levels. I live in a wonderful place—North Florida is just an amazing place to make your life. And again, I'm only one person. All of the people who live and own businesses here are going to have to make a decision based on how that oil impacts us. This oil spill may scatter entire communities to the wind, much like Katrina did.
Madeline: Do you consider yourself a Democrat, Republican, or independent?
Dave: I don't think it matters whether I'm a Democrat or a Republican or independent in this context. I'm an American. And I care deeply about my home, our future, and about preserving the coastline and beautiful Gulf of Mexico for my seven-month-old daughter. And I think I represent a lot of Americans who feel the same way.
This has nothing to do with politics. This is about the protection of our coastal economies. I'm just one person. I've got three restaurants and 150 employees. And as this oil hits my beaches, if we don't have a full business season, I very well might have to put 150 people out of work. And I'm only one of thousands of people who are threatened by this in three coastal states.
It's time that Americans stop thinking like Democrats and Republicans. The news media have got us all bickering at each other. We need to be focused on the industries that are stifling our economic recovery. I'm finding through this national campaign that there are a lot of people who agree with me. And I talk to people all across the nation every single night, when they call me or they email me.
I think that this event resonates for people because it is something that we all agree on. We need more things in this country that don't divide us. We need more things that bring us together and make us proud to be Americans. It's my hope that this event may be one thing that can help Americans find common ground—so that we can stop beating each other up in conversations.
I just hope that our politicians will listen.
Madeline: Does the response to Hands Across the Sand make you feel hopeful?
Dave: Oh I'm very hopeful. I truly am. People from Hawai`i to Maine are going to be joining in, along with people from Japan; Majorca, Spain; and Tanzania. And hopefully, our politicians will begin to join hands as well and understand that renewable energy is where we need to go.
- : When an oil spill coated birds in San Francisco Bay 40 years ago, he quit driving. Then he quit speaking. We asked him what he learned in that process that can help us deal with the BP oil spill.
- : In the past weeks, anger at the BP oil disaster has turned into action.


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Premium Team Jersey: Ottawa Senators White
Want to add logos & numbers?
About This Pattern
- Striping matched precisely to a recent Ottawa Senators white jersey
- V-Neck collar
- Click here to find the matching premium socks for this jersey
- Click here to find the matching knit socks for this jersey
Customer Reviews
I would totally buy another! Great quality! Great price! And very fast shipping! Will he buying more for sure!
This is the second time I ordered jerseys from your store. Great price, they arrived in a week and were exactly as advertised. I'd recommend your store to anyone looking for hockey jerseys.
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Premium Team Jersey: St. Louis Blues White
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Premium Team Jersey: Halifax Highlanders (Goon) Blue
Fast, easy, monies worth
We had a last minute order for a set of team jerseys after getting a team together 2 weeks before the season. We not only had our jerseys in time for our first game but jersey quality was amazing for the price! I highly recommend JerseysMadeEasy if your team needs a set!
JerseysMadeEasy's crew was an absolute dream to work with. John and his team was awesome at communicating and responses from them were lightning fast. The jerseys came in exactly as expected and our team could not be happier. I would 100% use them again without a doubt. Their prices were extremely fair and the quality of the products were apparent. Their team was professional and extremely courteous and got everything out before the expected shipping date!
These Goon style Jerseys were exactly what our team of misfits needed. Sizes ran a bit small to wear with game gear underneath, but also because we like beer and pizza. Great Price , Fast Ship, Looks great.
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Jersey fit good over my chest protector.
Jersey fit good over my chest protector.
Great quality and fast shipping
This is a great place to get jerseys! Everything made in Canada, friendly staff and extremely efficient. My jerseys got finished before expected and the team was very happy with the final product. We look like a professional team out there and not a bunch of pigeons.
The Premium jerseys are professional quality build with a great quick-dry material. The stitching is super strong and the color replication of the pro-jersey colors is bang on. I would strongly suggest going by the recommended sizing guide for the type of jersey that you select - I did and mine fits perfectly. The Premium jerseys have sleeves that are slightly shorter than some jerseys. I prefer this cut as it perfectly covers to the bottom of elbow pad (forearm) but does not interfere at all with my wrist/glove. The sleeves are also slightly tapered towards the cuff so they won't ride up. The staff is great. Have a question? Feel free to email or call them. They're super friendly and helpful. A+ experience, fantastic jersey.
Premium Team Jersey: Philadelphia Flyers White
Ordered two goalie cut jerseys, and was extremely happy with the quality and fit of these jerseys.
Will definitely order from here again.
Quality of the material and fit is great. I'm very happy with the jersey.
Giving it 4 stars because the colours do look a little different online (I tried about 3 different monitors to ensure I was seeing the real colour) But the shade of yellow was darker than how it appears online.
That said, it's not anything to complain about.
Jersey is great overall!
Great communication when there was a slight delay in getting the shipment to me. It arrived in only a few days!
Premium Team Jersey: Montreal Canadiens White
Arrived quickly and is a great quality jersey. Super happy they had goalie cut sizes. Was also very happy as a Canadian shopper to find a Canadian store with prices in CAD without insane international shipping. Only wish I could have had numbers/lettering added but it was easy to get elsewhere.
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Very wide selection of blank jerseys. Will likely use your service again.
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I'm happy enough with the two Ottawa jerseys I bought. However, I find the black one quite heavy (compared with my Reebok jersey, it's almost twice as heavy) and I'm also disappointed that the sleeves seem too short. I'd seen that in other reviews.
I am very happy with the quality of the sweaters and the professionalism of JerseysMadeEasy. They have always treated me like a valued client and provided top-notch sweaters to me and the teams I outfit. This is a top-shelf, bar-down company all the way.
Sleeve are shorter than expected.
Despite of that awesome quality.
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The goalie jersey sleeves were very short other than that, jerseys are sweet!
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Jerseys seemed alittle short in the arm but besides that great job
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Got the goalie cut jersey. Fits really well even for a big guy with a big chestie. Durability hasn't been an issue at all. Honestly it's probably my favorite jersey
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Husband wearing for his weekly hockey.
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Premium Team Jersey: Columbus Blue Jackets Alternate
High quality product combined with equal service. Would purchase from this vendor again and would recommend them to friends
Premium Team Jersey: Chicago Blackhawks White


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Sorry to say this Used item has now sold, if you are looking for used or new car tuning parts, please try one of the useful links below.
TMS Motorsport LIVE Stock checker
For an idea on the types of cars we dismantle for spares here at TMS Motorsport, please see below.
TMS Motorsport Cars we dismantle for spares
Please contact us with any questions you might have.
BMW E46 M3 genuine DRIVERS side rear driveshaft, used but in working order
Welcome to TMS Motorsport / The Moff Shop. 99% of all items sold we dispatch the very same day if ordered before 1200 on a 48 hour service.
This part was removed from a 2002 E46 BMW M3 with 3.2 Straight 6, S54 Engine and 6 speed manual gearbox. The complete car has been stripped for spares and all parts available for sale.
The car is a 3 door coupe with 117,424k on the clock . The colour of the car is carbon Schwarz black, which is colour code 416.
The car has 19 inch alloys with good tyres.
The overall condition of the car was above average for the age and year.
These parts may fit other model variants, please check if these items will fit your own car. We try to also show part numbers in photos. We cannot accept returns for items bought by mistake.
Please note, we mark all of our items. For any returns, we will need to verify the item before any refund can be processed.
We are also breaking / dismantling / stripping for parts many other makes and models of cars such as the below. We are based in Wokingham, near Reading, Berkshire, UK :
Nissan R35 GTR, Nissan Skyline (R33 GTS-t RB25DET and R33 GTR RB26DETT), 350Z (UK and Japanese Fair lady), BMW E46 M3(S54 Engine), BMW E92 M3 V8 (S65 Engine), Vauxhall Astra VXR (H), Corsa VXR (D), Audi RS4 B7, Mini Cooper S (R53 and R57), Honda Civic Type R (FN2 and EP3), S2000, Ford Focus ST MK2 and MK3.
PLEASE NOTE: - These parts are not new, we try to show any defects where possible in the photos, which might not always be described in the product description. There might be some surface marks or scratches that do not always show up in photos. If you are unsure on the condition, or looking for a part in particular condition, please ask us about the product.
|Part Type


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A complete knee examination is always done
for a knee complaint. Both of your knees will be checked, and the results for
the injured knee will be compared to those of the healthy knee. Your doctor
will also check that the nerves and blood vessels are intact.
Your doctor will:
A McMurray test may be done if your
doctor suspects a problem with the
menisci based on your medical history and the above
exams. In this test, while you lie on the table, your doctor holds your
knee and the bottom of your foot. He or she then pushes your leg up (bending
your knee) while turning the leg and pressing on the knee. If there is pain and
the sound or feeling of a click, the menisci may be damaged.
Arthrometric testing of the knee may also be done. In this
test, your doctor will use an instrument to measure the looseness of your knee.
This test is especially useful in people whose pain or physical size makes a
physical exam difficult. An arthrometer has two sensor pads and a pressure
handle that allows your doctor to put force on the knee. The instrument is
strapped on to your lower leg so that the sensor pads are placed on the knee
cap and the small bump just below it (tibial tubercle). Your doctor then
measures pressure by pulling or pushing on the pressure handle.
Your exam may also include other tests to assess the degree of the injury
and to identify damage to other parts of the knee.
A complete physical exam of the knee
is always done for a knee complaint, whether the complaint is from a recent or
sudden (acute) injury or from long-lasting or recurrent (chronic)
In general, in a normal knee exam:
If any of these findings are not true—for example, the knee
is tender—you may have a knee injury. But the results of a knee exam vary
depending on whether the exam is for a sudden injury to the knee or for
long-term symptoms and also depending on how long it has been since the injury
occurred. An abnormal finding does not always mean that your knee is injured.
Your doctor will use the results of the exam, plus your medical history, to
make a diagnosis.
These tests provide the best
information if there is little or no knee swelling, you are able to relax, and
your doctor is able to move your knee and leg freely. If this is not the case,
it may be difficult to accurately check your knee.
If your knee is
red, hot, or very swollen, a
knee joint aspiration (arthrocentesis) may be done,
which involves removing fluid from the knee joint. This is done to:
Local anesthetic may be injected after aspiration to
reduce pain and make the exam easier.
If you are going to have
arthroscopy, the knee may be examined in the operating room before the
procedure, while you are under
general or spinal anesthesia.
Complete the medical test information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you prepare for this test.
Last Revised:
April 5, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & Freddie H. Fu, MD - Orthopedic Surgery
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
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All Resources
Search a listing of Government of Alberta open datasets and publications. Can't find what you are looking for? Suggest a resource.
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December 31, 2017
This searchable database provides information on sole-source service contracts of $10,000 or more made by Government of Alberta departments. Contract numbers followed by an "(a)" indicate an amendment to an existing contract. Agencies, Boards and Commissions are not included. The contract data...
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July 15, 2015
This searchable database provides information on grant payments made by the Government of Alberta departments and select agencies to support programs and initiatives throughout the province. The payment data starts at April 1, 2014 and will be updated quarterly. The results are year to date....


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The FIRST Act, introduced on Monday by Representative Larry Buschon (R-IN), Chairman of the Subcommittee on Research of the larger House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, fails to properly fund social science work at the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Standards and Technology and widens the nation's innovation deficit. The FIRST Act would impede the mission of NSF and the nation's research portfolio. Among other items, the bill:
1. Completely fails to meet the standards for science research and innovation that were set in the former version of the authorizing legislation, commonly referred to as the COMPETES Act;
2. Sets funding targets for for NSF and NIST that are not adequate to fund basic research; and
3. Includes a funding cut for the the Directorate for Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences (SBE), the division of the NSF that is primarily responsible for funding anthropological research.
Help AAA #StandForScience by contacting your congressional representative to request full restoration of NSF's authorized levels or vote NO to the FIRST Act (#VoteNoHR4186). Please use the Twitter hastags to voice your opinion as well.
To read a press release issued by the American Association Universities, click here. For a copy of the FIRST Act, click here.
If you would like more information about contacting your Member of Congress, or about the FIRST Act, please contact Damon Dozier, AAA Director of Public Affairs at email@example.com.


text:
Contract Manufacturer Adds Big-Bed HMC
There are 0 comments | Post a comment
Sunday, April 1, 2012
D&S Manufacturing, Black River Falls, WI, a custom manufacturer of large-scale components, assemblies and weldments for Caterpillar, Oshkosh and other notable OEMs, has installed a Toyoda FH1250SX horizontal machining center to address recent growth in orders. The machine allows D&S to expand its machining envelope from 60 to 94 in. and accommodate larger-scale components, and features a pallet shuttle to quicken changeovers.
See also: Toyoda Machinery Usa Corp.
Related Enterprise Zones: Other Processes, Tool & Die
Reader Comments
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Health care facilities rely on emergency standby generators to ensure uninterrupted electrical power during utility outages. When utility power is lost, patients' lives literally depend on backup power systems to keep operating rooms, nurseries, and life-sustaining medical devices working. Backup systems also power emergency egress lighting and fire-protection equipment.
The generators at The Medical Center of Columbus Regional Healthcare System, Columbus, Ga., were adequate to power critical loads during utility outages — despite some that were more than 30 years old — but they lacked the capacity to handle the hospital's total electrical load, including HVAC, at the 400-bed hospital. Currently, The Medical Center runs on about 4MW of power. Despite taking precautions, utility outages at The Medical Center over the years have ranged from a few seconds to several hours.
Rather than add to the mix of existing standby generators, which had been cobbled together as the hospital grew, The Medical Center decided to replace all of them with a new central power plant, located across the street from the main hospital in a free-standing building, equipped with four 2,500kW gen-sets from MTU Onsite Energy.
With a total capacity of 10MW, the plant is more than capable of meeting the hospital's energy needs. "Even if two of the plant's 2.5MW generators failed, we could still run on the other two and not have any issues," says Mark Smith, the hospital's director of facilities management.
Smith describes the new system as "totally redundant." Utility feeds from two separate substations supply power to the main switchboard. If power from one utility feed fails, the other utility feed automatically supplies the power. The standby generators get a signal to start if one of the utility feeds fails; however, if the second utility source remains stable, the generators shut down and return to a standby state."If any piece of equipment in this plant fails, there's a backup piece of equipment that will do its job," Smith says. "So you'd actually have to have multiple failures before the plant wouldn't operate."
The gen-sets generate power at 12,470V. The ability of the generators to operate at this high voltage enables them to match the incoming utility voltage and avoid energy-wasting transformers between the utility and the central plant. Also, by generating at this high voltage, electricity travels more efficiently through the underground cables connecting the central plant to the hospital across the street.
Even the layout of the new central plant contributes to the system's efficiency. For example, the design engineer arranged the four gen-sets so that the exhaust vents from the engines and the cooling air intake vents for the radiators were located on the same side of the building. This design makes sure that the exhaust gases do not reenter the building, and it allows all of the switchgear to be grouped together along the other side of the building, resulting in more efficient use of space and easier maintenance access.
Control equipment for the standby power system is located in both the central plant and a power center inside the hospital. Facility management personnel can take full control of the generator plant from the power center, which includes a 52-in. digital display that projects a one-line diagram of the plant. Four 400-gal day tanks housed in the plant building supply fuel for the generators. A 20,000-gal tank on the hospital side of the street resupplies the four day tanks. Although the hospital plans to add additional fuel storage capacity, the new generators actually use 30% less fuel than the old units for a given load.
The units also run more quietly than their predecessors, thanks to critical-grade mufflers installed on each unit. "There's an HVAC cooling tower nearby, and you can hear the water running in the cooling tower over the noise made by all four generators," says Eddie Oliver, a sales engineer for W.W. Williams, the local MTU Onsite Energy distributor that provided the units to The Medical Center.
The new plant has the capacity to power all electrical loads in the hospital, not just critical life-safety systems, said Smith. Among other advantages, this gives the hospital greater flexibility in managing power use and cost. At any given time, the facility can be totally on the power grid, partially on the grid, or totally off the grid, depending on the situation. During routine testing, hospital personnel can start the generators and briefly operate them in parallel with the utility while the facility transitions from full utility power to full generator power. Without this paralleling feature, power breaks could cause lights to flicker and/or disrupt the operation of critical medical equipment.
Similarly, during the approach of a severe storm, the hospital can preemptively run its generators in parallel with the utility until the storm passes. "All you do is burn a few gallons of fuel," said Smith, "There's little cost involved, but the payback could be tremendous. If we did it 10 times and lost power just once, it would be well worth it."
The Medical Center's new central power plant can also be put to use during extremely hot summer days, when power demand soars and utility rates jump. At such times, the backup generators can take some load off the grid and potentially reduce electrical costs, depending on the price of diesel fuel and the price the utility is charging for electricity at any given time. To determine whether dropping off the grid makes financial sense for the hospital, Smith plugs the spot price of diesel fuel into a formula for calculating the price at which the hospital can generate its own electricity. Then he compares that price to the price being charged by the utility at that particular time.
If the utility's price for electricity is higher than the cost to generate power onsite, Smith flips the switch on the new power plant. As a result, during some recent hot periods, the hospital saved approximately $5,000 per day in power costs, according to Smith. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits the number of hours per year the hospital can run its generators for load management, but that's not a problem. "We don't come anywhere close to the limit," says Smith.
The Medical Center originally planned to purchase three generators and leave room in the plant for a fourth. Instead, it purchased four units. This means, says Oliver, the hospital's power needs could grow by 80% and still leave one redundant generator for more convenient maintenance and reliability purposes.
Since completion of the installation, the gen-sets have performed exactly as designed during several power outages. In the near future, The Medical Center plans on using this central energy plant to provide backup power for another hospital across the street. Despite these increased demands on the power, Smith is confident about meeting any challenges that arise. "This emergency power plant will serve our needs today and carry us into the future for years to come," he says.


text:
Home > Diamond Jewellery > Diamond Eternity Rings
(Details shown apply to the default selection)
Ref: NGSRC1023Y-IStyle: Half Eternity RingMetal: 18ct Yellow GoldDiamond Shape: Brilliant CutDiamond Carat Weight: 0.33 caratsDiamond Colour: GDiamond Clarity: SI1Measurements: 2.0mm
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This piece is made to order - Usually shipped within 4-5 weeks. If you have a specific deadline, please contact us before purchasing the item and we will see what we can do to meet your requirements.
You can view our Terms & Conditions here, and our DELIVERY & RETURNS policy here. We regret that we cannot offer refunds on items that have been worn or are personalised to your specification or are Bespoke items i.e Made to Order items.
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text:
of course, there's always something to fall in love with: asexual perspectives on pop culture and much more.
Tuesday, November 1, 2011
*see the comments for further explanation!*
8 comments:
- SlightlyMetaphysical said...
Now I'm just confused as to why EVERYBODY doesn't identify as asexual. You guys have all the best questions.
- November 2, 2011 at 6:43 AM
Putting identity in that light brings a lot of fascinating follow-up thoughts to me. I'd love for you to continue and explain further.
- November 2, 2011 at 10:04 AM
- Sciatrix said...
Seconding the desire to hear more on this--wow, that is a thought-provoking question. Huh.
- November 2, 2011 at 1:02 PM
- Ily said...
It's true, we do have some very good questions, although if you have a different sexual orientation, I don't think they're enough to overcome that. ;) But for me, back when I was questioning my asexuality, I think this idea (of a group of people seeking the information that I wanted, too) was a big part of what took me from questioning to actually identifying. I've sort of talked about this in the past, that "hearing asexuals' stories" helped me come to a conclusion. But I feel it was something more specific than just stories.
I also think there are people who *could* identify as asexual (or anything else), but don't, and I think in some cases it's more than just not knowing that the identity exists. Two people could have the same experiences in terms of attraction, but have vastly different views about the relevance of this. I don't think we choose who we're attracted to, but we do choose our labels.
In myself, I see the same pattern emerging when it comes to political and gender identifications. For instance, I've been wondering for years if I'm genderqueer, and I don't know if I'll ever have a definitive answer on that. But I feel like I'm desperately looking for the same answers as genderqueer people, which to me is very convincing when it comes to how to identify. Of course, it's only because I'm almost there already...but "almost" can seem far when you're questioning.
- November 2, 2011 at 1:03 PM
- Ily said...
@Sciatrix, you must have commented while I was writing my own comment--check it out, I think I figured out how to explain this a bit more. :)
- November 2, 2011 at 2:08 PM
I just have a general question, I have been feeling this way for a long time but now I am starting to see the light in the matter.
I am a overall good guy and working towars my life in college currently. I have a wonderful girlfriend whom I adore.
But I dont know why I just have no interest in sex but I find myself so very excited or maybe just happy to see my love so happy
but in truth I dont seem to feel the way other men do
I mean when I walk down the street I see a very sexy woman as my friends point out but I just dont feel anything for it. I know im not into men since I never have been
I have noticed the only woman I have had sex with I have dated for while first and even when I do I just seem to want to make them happy and as for me I really dont care. Could I be asexual romantic I guess I just want some info on that type of way or at least making sense of it
- November 16, 2011 at 9:06 PM
- Ily said...
Hi, Anon! Yes, you could be a romantic asexual. But, I'm not about to tell you what your sexual orientation is...that wouldn't be so responsible, considering I don't know you. But, if you don't feel quite asexual, there are other identities that you might want to explore, like gray-a and demisexual. "Gray-a" refers to people who are somewhere between sexual and asexual. "Demisexual" refers to people who only experience sexual attraction in the context of emotional connection. In other terms, they experience secondary sexual attraction only--they don't see someone sexy and automatically want to get in their pants.
However you decide to identify yourself, you're not alone! There are plenty of guys, asexual and even not, who just aren't that interested in sex. And I rarely noticed the "cute boys" that my friends in high school were always pointing out.
- November 16, 2011 at 9:50 PM
- Only_Me said...
I'm happy to know that I'm not alone.
But I'm in the closet, & probably always well be.
- November 17, 2011 at 2:33 AM


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There's Not Much Room for Big Office Space Requirements
Monday, January 7, 2013
If past trends are an indication, says local commercial real estate broker Tom van Betten, the coming year could see the continuing emergence of two distinctly different supply-and-demand realities for office users scouting new space in the San Diego region.
Those seeking out less than 20,000 square feet will likely find appropriate sites available throughout the county at reasonable rates, if they are willing to look beyond the most prime locations and especially if the corporate world continues to do more with less, including downsizing office footprints.
However, larger companies that are in growth mode — and looking to consolidate operations into one place for ideal efficiencies — could be more hard-pressed to find appropriate Class A locations, and will likely pay premium prices when those spots become available. Commercial construction remains stuck well below pre-recession levels, and speculative building is showing few signs of making a comeback at the moment.
The local market has few full-floor or full-building spaces remaining in the most sought-after neighborhoods.
"There's going to be a real challenge with availabilities for companies looking for big spaces," said van Betten, a tenant representation specialist with Cassidy Turley San Diego. "You could see the gap growing between what some of these larger companies require, and what's actually out there."
Van Betten, among panelists at San Diego Business Journal's recent economic trends forum, says the situation could have long-term implications for the local region's ability to attract and retain large companies in industries looking to expand here.
The commercial real estate world — like most industries — will be watching in 2013 for the potential impacts of recent talks in Washington, D.C., over how to cure federal budget woes through combinations of tax increases and program funding cuts. Anything that impacts job growth could in turn affect office space demand in major metro markets including San Diego.
Much of the current activity in the local market has not been impacted by the "fiscal cliff" debates on Capitol Hill, and the local economy generally is diverse enough to sustain momentum at least for the near term.
While local defense-related contractors have been scaling back their office space during the past year — primarily due to Pentagon programs that were already winding down, but also in anticipation of future military cuts — van Betten notes that firms in other industries continue to boost their local footprints, especially in the realms of Internet, wireless and life-science technologies.
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Jesus House Choir 'Reaching Out' to Transform Lives, Break Stereotypes of Homelessness
For 40 years Jesus House, a nondenominational Christian outreach organization, has been transforming the lives of those battling addiction, suffering from mental illness, or facing the perils of homelessness and poverty. More than a shelter, Jesus House is a hub of community support that transforms the lives of their residents, as well as the tens of thousands of people who depend on the work of Jesus House volunteers who seek out the needs of the community.
Early in the morning, before the sun peeks over the horizon, Jesus House volunteers in Oklahoma City, Okla., are fast at work preparing 100,000 meals a year to feed the homeless. Many provide aid to homebound senior citizens by repairing pipes, mowing lawns, building fences, and providing grocery baskets and bottled water, along with prayers for their brothers and sisters in Christ.
Rick Denny, who's been the director of Jesus House since 2011, is often invited to churches across the state of Oklahoma to speak about the impactful work the organization's staff and volunteers are doing to improve the lives of those who are living at the shelter, as well as the services they provide in their community. But one thing he has always wanted to bring along with him to churches and civic organizations is a house choir.
Three months ago, Robin Totten, volunteer coordinator at Jesus House, was able to bring Denny's dream to life. Totten is using her vocal talents and expertise to prepare the choir, called "Reaching Out," for their debut performance on May 18 at the annual Jesus House block party.
"People have an image about the homeless and a homeless facility," said Totten, who believes the 12-person choir will not only showcase people's talents and abilities, but also serve as a "reflection of God's grace and a representation of the positive impact Jesus House has on people's lives."
Totten told CP on Monday that the choir will be singing "Jesus at the Center" and possibly even "Amazing Grace" and "Lean on Me," a song that exemplifies the support the choir members receive from each other, and one they sing after rehearsals.
"They're all here for each other at the house," she added.
According to Totten, the residents who live at Jesus House are "everyday people who were impacted by bad choices or bad circumstances … people God loves." And the choir is an expression of the experiences people are working through.
"It's awesome how God has put this in place," she said. "The choir helps to build self-esteem, helps them work through situations. Jesus House residents have suffered loss, and have experienced destruction. We live in the real world every day here – and the choir gives people hope. You can't get very far without hope."
Mia Stevens, a member of the choir who once auditioned for "American Idol," said her goal is to help those who need to know that God loves them, and to know that they can transform their lives.
"We just want to be an influence on other people in recovery, or just anybody else, to see that no matter what your past has been like, no matter what you've been through, you still have a talent for God. God sees the good in you, and this is our time to give that glory and encourage other people," Stevens said during an interview with The Oklahoman.
Even though Jesus House is situated on the outskirts of Oklahoma City, Totten said she's in awe of the number of volunteers from surrounding states who want to participate in the work Jesus House is doing in the community. She told CP they have volunteer groups from Arkansas and Texas who keep coming back to lend their support.
With support from Totten, Jesus House choir members, and David Flores, a faculty member at Oklahoma City's Hillsdale Free Will Baptist College – whom Totten says is a "blessing" for helping to coach and fine tune the choir in preparation for their debut – Denny's desire for a choir, a program that will help people to get back into life, has come to fruition.
You can learn more about Jesus House by clicking here.


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The BMW 5-Series (E39 chassis) was introduced in the United States as a 1997 model year car and lasted until the 2004 when the E60 chassis was released. The United States saw several variations including the 525i, 528i, 530i and 540i. -- View the E39 Wiki
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Detailed step by step diagnostic DIY ... dead battery ... parasitic current drain
(Advice is always welcome!)
EDIT: Updated as per Fudman to pull the FSU rather than fuse F76.
EDIT: Updated as per 540iman that the nature of the current draw implicates certain circuits.
EDIT: Updated as per edjack in that the four doors must be shut in order for the computers to go to sleep.The last few days, twice now, I go out to the bimmer, and, ... well ... nothing.
No click. No lights. No horn. No nuthin'.
At first, I thought I had left the lights on or maybe I had charged too much portable electronics - but I wouldn't have done that twice.
So as to add value with every repair, here's my story, as it unfolds (so that others can follow suit in the future).
a) I had put in a new (acm Germany) FSU in, oh, about three years ago (need to check) <=== here's the thread ... 2/2/2009
b) I had put in a rebuilt (Bosch 120A) alternator & belt drive system a couple of years ago (need to check) <=== here's the thread 7/26/2010
c) I had put in a new (Duralast 49DL) battery just over a year ago (need to check) <=== here's the thread ... 9/19/2011
Active period: The first 16 minutes after you exit the vehicle, shut all doors, and then open the trunk (as evidenced by the indicator light by the shift lever being lit).
Quiescent period: After 16 minutes, the computers shut down, and that orange indicator light by the shift lever goes off.
Note: Most say you should see something like 30 ma quiescent draw AFTER the car shuts down at 16 minutes (but I'm seeing 80 milliamps on my 2002 525i).
Flowchart: (thanks to Fudman & 540iman for updating the overall procedure)
Step 1: Disconnect & charge the battery (I use a 4 amp charger - I wish I had a 6 amp charger though)
Step 2: Drive to Autozone (or equivalent) to have the charging system tested (or test it yourself with a DMM, using this procedure).
Step 3: If it passes step 2, then measure parasitic drain (active & quiescent) with and without the FSU in series with the negative battery terminal
Step 4a: If you find double-digit current draw, then pull the FSU, and check current draw again (both active & quiescent)
Step 4b: If you find single-digit current draw, then pull fuse F56, and check current draw again (both active & quiescent)
Step 4c: If if it's neither of those culprits, then start pulling all 88 fuses, one by one, with an ammeter in series with the battery
Note: You 'can' pull the 40A yellow blower circuit fuse F76 for step 4a - but for reasons Fudman explains, it's better to pull the FSU instead.
DIY Procedure:
0. Print the fuse lists from EF1 to EF5, and from F1 to F114 for each of the six fuse panels (see detailed fuse listing below)
1. For obvious reasons, keep your ignition key somewhere safe OUTSIDE the vehicle (e.g., in the trunk lock or in your pocket)
2. Open the trunk and leave it open; shut all four doors; & lock the vehicle using the key fob (taking note of the orange light near the shift lever)
3a. With a 10mm socket on a 6-inch extension, remove the battery negative cable
3b. Optional: Discharge stored charge in the electronics by temporarily disconnecting BOTH battery cables, and shorting the two CABLES with a wrench (do not short the battery terminals!)
3c. Reconnect the battery positive cable if you performed optional step 3b above.
4a. Set your ammeter to the 20 amp or 10 amp range (whichever you have that is highest)
4b. Hook the positive (red) lead to the brown negative battery cable (use a clamp or alligator clips to attach)
4c. Hook the negative (black) lead of the ammeter to the bare negative battery post (I used a heavy gauge wire with large alligator clips on each end to attach)
5. Work the meter range down from amps to milliamps (you must be ready for up to 20 amps - but you want to see something around 2 amps active to less than 100 ma quiescent)
6. With the ammeter still connected, wait for shut down (about 16 minutes) as indicated by the automatic transmission console light going off
Note: Some DMMs shut off automatically about 10 or 15 minutes into your test, so you'll need to activate those DMMs periodically.
7. Make a note of the TOTAL current drain after shutdown (all lights should be off)
8a. If current drain is around 2 amps active and less than 100 ma quiescent, then you're probably OK
8b. If current drain fluctuates in the teens at any time (active or quiescent), then pull the FSU & retest
8c. If current drain is in the single amps (quiescent period), then pull fuse F56 & retest
9. If neither the FSU nor fuse F56 make a difference and your current draw is still greater than about 100ma quiescent, then it's time to debug by pulling the fuses, one by one
10. Disconnect your ammeter, re-connect the battery, again wait for shutdown - and then, one by one, pull the 88 fuses, putting your ammeter leads across the open contacts
Note: Unfortunately, some fuses, when pulled, will wake the car up and force you to wait anywhere from 1 minute to the full 16 minutes to continue
11. You can either remove and immediately replace each fuse, or, you can successively remove all fuses sequentially (starting with the lowest amperages first)
12. Write down the parasitic drain for each fuse & troubleshoot the circuit with the highest parasitic drain.
Unfortunately, my Fluke 75 requires me to move the leads to go from the 10Amp range down to the 300ma range (which resets the car!).
Note: You can measure total parasitic drain in series with the battery, or individually, across each fuse's terminals.
For the record, this is what the battery charger did last night & this morning:
Please read the suggested threads and add value, either by pictures or by descriptions, so the next person stands on your shoulders.
See also: E39 Bestlinks & How to easily find what you need
Last edited by bluebee; 02-09-2013 at 12:25 PM.
I took my alternator off the car and had it bench tested. The test showed the alternator was OK. It wasn't. Don't put all your faith in the alternator test. Your relatively new alternator could also be bad.
The saga is documented here:
2002 530i
It could be, as you suggest - as I don't know WHAT the problem is just yet - but - I know what to do (which is my homework).
O'Reillys said the battery & alternator were OK. Here's a picture of the O'Reillys tool in action today ...
Then I took it to Autozone, where the battery & alternator tested good a second time (showing 14.13 volts at idle):
So, now it's time to check the FSU out, even though it was replaced in 2009 (I haven't noticed any blower fan problems ... but that's the next thing I'll do).
Doing my homework, I find these quotes scattered about the forum, which relate to unplugging the FSU fuses:
NOTE: For the wiring diagram below: F76 - Fuse 76 (yellow, 40 amps, under glovebox and above GM3 connector X254). 15 - Ignition power (RUN & START) 30 - Batt positive (+) 31 - Batt negative/gnd (-)
Please read the suggested threads and add value, either by pictures or by descriptions, so the next person stands on your shoulders.
See also: E39 Bestlinks & How to easily find what you need
Last edited by bluebee; 02-13-2013 at 05:27 PM.
PRINT this list of fuses and write down the parasitic draw for each while debugging
We should all add value before, during, and after every repair, so here's my homework assignment, so far on the 88 discrete fuse spots (not all of which have fuses in them).
(Note that F1 to F5 exist in two different locations, just to confuse you, so I'll refer to the ebox ones as EF1 to EF5, and the glovebox ones as F1-F5).
There are SIX fuse box locations in my 2002 BMW 525i E39 (here is a 1997 540i fuse location chart):
EF1 = 30A, MAF, Cam sensor #1, DME, T-Stat, Evap emission valve (some say it's 30A - DME, Injectors, SMG Hydraulic unit)
EF2 = 30A, Fuel injectors, Both Vanos solenoids, Cam sensor #2, SAS pump electrical valve (some say it's 30A - DME, Idle control valve, Fuel tank ventilation valve, Fuel pump)
EF3 = 20A, Cam sensors, MAF, Crank Sensor, Heated O2 sensors (some say it's 30A, others say 25A - E-box fan, Transmission RPM sensor, CPS, MAF sensor, Fuel pump relay, SAP relay, A/C Compressor relay, Fuel tank leakage diagnostic module, SMG selector lever)
EF4 = 30A, DME (some say it's 30A - Oxygen sensors and oxygen sensor heater circuits)
EF5 = 30A, Unloader relay, power to coils (some say it's 30A - Fuel injector relay)
Note: Photo courtesy of JimLev.
F1 = 30A, Windscreen wiper
F2 = 30A, Headlight cleaning system, Windscreen washer system
F3 = 15A, Horn
F4 = 20A, Passenger comp/trunk lighting, Windscreen washer system
F5 = 20A, Sliding tilt/roof
F6 = 30A, Outside mirror adjustment, Central locking system, Window lift
F7 = 30A, Cigarette lighter
F8 = 25A, ABS/ASC Control Module (Note: F8 was empty in my 2002 525i)
F9 = 15A, Air conditioner, Heated washer jets [JimLev says it handles the heated washer jets and the Check Control Module panel]
F10 = 30A, Passenger seat adjustment
F11 = 7.5A, Servotronic
F12 = 5A, Immobilizer
F13 = 30A, Driver seat adjustment, Steering column adjustment [JimLev says F13 goes to all of the motors in the drivers seat and the two steering column adjuster motors in a left hand drive gas engine E39 built after 9/'99] [cn90 shows an F13 trick here]
F14 = 5A, Engine control
F15 = 7.5A, Diagnosis plug, Engine control (JimLev adds: Oil level sensor, Data connector under the hood next to the ABS module (no data conn after ~6/2000), Alternator, Temp switch in DME box for cooling fan in bottom of DME box, Range switch for automatic tranny)
F16 = 5A, Light module
F17 = 10A, ABS, Automatic stability control
F18 = 5A, Instrument cluster
F19 = 5A, (empty) Electronic damper control [QSilver7 says F19 is in-between the ignition switch and an unloader relay terminal 15]
F20 = 7.5A, Air conditioner, Heated rear window, Heater, Tyre pressure control system [JimLev says F20 and F105 power relay K201, which itself gets power from F75]
F21 = 5A, Anti-glare inside mirror, Driver seat adjustment, Garage door opener [JimLev says F21 also powers the current cutoff relay, garage door opener, rear view mirror, park distance control module, and the cig lighter relay]
F22 = 25A, Fuel pump
F23 = 7.5A, (empty in my 2002 525i) Heater, Rear centre arm rest
F24 = 5A, Instrument cluster, Shifting gate illumination, Tyre pressure control system
F25 = 7.5A, Multi-information display, Radio
F26 = 5A, Wiper Relay I & Wiper Relay II (Note: F26 was empty in my 2002 525i)
F27 = 30A, Central locking system, Window lift
F28 = 15A, (empty in my 2002 525i) Transmission control, diesel
F29 = 30A, Central locking system, Outside mirror adjustment, Window lift
F31 = 10A, ABS, Automatic stability control, Fuel pump
F32 = 25A, Active seat, Electric seat heating, Roller sun blind
F33 = Open (empty in my 2002 525i)
F34 = 10A, Heated steering wheel (empty)
F35 = 5A,(empty in my 2002 525i) Rear A/C blower
F36 = Open (empty in my 2002 525i)
F37 = 5A, Immobilizer
F38 = 5A, Horn, Shifting gate illumination
F39 = 7.5A, Charging socket, Courtesy mirror illumination
F40 = 5A, Airbag, Instrument cluster
F41 = 5A, Brake light, Light module
F42 = 5A, Airbag
F43 = 5A, (Telephone), (On-board monitor), Radio, (Rear Washer) (Rear washer pump)
F44 = 5A, Multi-function steering wheel, MID, Radio, (Telephone)
F45 = 7.5A, Roller sun blind
F46 = 15A, Blower relay/Parked Car ventilation/Receiever, parked car ventilation (Note: F46 was empty in my 2002 525i)
F47 = 20A,(empty in my 2002 525i) Additional heater, independent heater
F48 = 5A, Anti-theft alarm system [Note: The alarm will sound if/when you pull this fuse]
F49 = 30A, (empty in my 2002 525i) Air suspension
F50 = 7.5A, (empty in my 2002 525i) Air suspension
F51 = 30A, (empty in my 2002 525i) Rear cigarette lighter
F52 = 30A, (empty in my 2002 525i) Cigarette lighter (AUS)
F53 = 7.5A, Central locking system [fuel door solenoid issue, which disables the central locking system] [JimLev adds Rear lid motor relay K70, Central locking & fuel door relay K121, Window motor relay K90, Diversity amp or antenna amp]
F54 = 25A, (empty) M5 Fuel pump
F55 = 20A, (empty) Rear washer, Rear washer pump
F56 = 30A, (On-board monitor), (CD changer), Radio, (Navigation system) [Black540eye adds On-board Monitor, Radio, Video Module, CD Changer, Amplifier, GPS Control Module, GPS Receiver]
F57 = 10A, (Telephone)
F58 = 10A, (On-board monitor), (Telephone), Radio, (Navigation system)
F59 = 20A, (empty) Trailer socket
F60 = 50A, (empty) Elecronic damper control
F61 = 5A,Park distance control module/ Seat heater switch, left rear/ Seat heater switch. right rear (empty in my 2002 525i)
F62 = Open (empty in my 2002 525i)
F63 = 7.5A, Radio relay/ Loud alarm relay/ Transparency relay/ Alarm control unit (empty in my 2002 525i)
F64 = 30A, On-board monitor/ Radio CD changer/ Amplifier/ GPS receiver (empty in my 2002 525i)
F65 = 10A, Transceiver (empty in my 2002 525i)
F66 = 40A, heated rear window
F67 = (does not exist in the E39)
F68 = (does not exist in the E39)
F69 = (does not exist in the E39)
F70 = (does not exist in the E39)
F71 = (does not exist in the E39)
F72 = (does not exist in the E39)
F73 = (does not exist in the E39)
F74 = (does not exist in the E39)
BEHIND GLOVEBOX (look from underneath):
F75 = 50A, Auxiliary fan (red) [QSilver7 says the aux fan is the electric fan in front of the radiator which also goes on when the AC is initiated.]
F76 = 40A, Heater blower (yellow) [cn90 says it should have 12V when HVAC is turned on][QSilver7 says the heater blower controls the air velocity for the cabin/interior HVAC system.]
Neither of these huge fuses is easy to remove or put back (due to the cramped location), but luckily the yellow one is the one aft, which is easier than the red to remove.
F77 = (does not exist in the E39)
F78 = (does not exist in the E39)
F79 = (does not exist in the E39)
F80 = (does not exist in the E39)
F81 = (does not exist in the E39)
F82 = (does not exist in the E39)
F83 = (does not exist in the E39)
F84 = (does not exist in the E39)
F85 = (does not exist in the E39)
F86 = (does not exist in the E39)
F87 = (does not exist in the E39)
F88 = (does not exist in the E39)
F89 = (does not exist in the E39)
F90 = (does not exist in the E39)
F91 = (does not exist in the E39)
F92 = (does not exist in the E39)
F93 = (does not exist in the E39)
F94 = (does not exist in the E39)
F95 = (does not exist in the E39)
F96 = (does not exist in the E39)
F97 = (does not exist in the E39)
F98 = (does not exist in the E39)
F99 = (does not exist in the E39)
F100 = 200A, Fuse panel 4, F107-F114
F101 = 80A, Power supply for fuses F46-F50 and F66
F102 = 80A, Power supply for fuses F51-F55 [wiring diagram here]
F103 = 50A, Open
F104 = 50A, Unloader relay terminal 15
F105 = ?A [JimLev says F20 and F105 power relay K201, which itself gets power from F75]
F106 = 100A, F75, Engine cooling fan relay stage 3
UNDER PASSENGER SEAT: (see more details in this thread & this thread)
F107 = 50A, SAS airpump Special Fuse: BMW PN 6113836590
F108 = ??A, [QSilver7 says this is for the ABS/DSC control unit]
F109 = ??A, [QSilver7 says this is for the DME (motor electronics)]
F110 = 80A, Power supply F1-F12 and F22-F26
F111 = 50A, Data link connector/ Ignition switch
F112 = 80A, Light control module
F113 = 80A, Power supply F13 and F27-F30/ Light Module
F114 = 50A, Data link connector/ Ignition switch
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Last edited by bluebee; 03-15-2013 at 05:23 PM.
I ran into a dastardly problem in that I can't switch meter ranges without waking up the car (because I have to disconnect & reconnect the test leads), so I can't get better granularity than that below without adding a jumper (which I don't have so I'd need to make out of heavy wire & clamps).
But, given these results ...
How do these numbers look for initial "active" (first 16 minutes) and, then, later "quiescent" (after 16 minutes) parasitic drain?
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Last edited by bluebee; 02-06-2013 at 10:29 PM.
I'd recommend modifying a fuse so that you can measure the current through each circuit. A lot easier and saves a lot of running to the trunk. This is what I did.
to do this break the fuse material, then solder a wire to each term on the outside of the fuse. You can then connect multimeter to the fuse and measure current through the circuit.
An e39 is like a beautiful wife, needs constant attention, lots of money, lets you down at the worse times but youd never be without it.
PS 90ma is a little on high side but not enough that it should cause a problem. I believe it should be around 45ma.
An e39 is like a beautiful wife, needs constant attention, lots of money, lets you down at the worse times but youd never be without it.
The good news is that I think I'm getting closer to the culprit. The problem appears to be intermittent, so the longer I spend diagnosing, the more I am learning.
For example, see this 30-second video taken a little while ago when I returned from an errand and started checking the parasitic drain again.
All of a sudden, the active current began fluctuating between 2.27 amps and 11.53 amps!
Here are those same clicking sounds, about every 3 seconds, taken from the cockpit just after the video above (they seem to be coming from behind the MID but I can't really be sure).
Notice the audible clicks coming from the front of the car, behind the dash somewhere, where each time you hear a click, the quiescent current jumps from about 2.27 amps to about 11.53 amps!
In that 30-second video, the current fluctuates at about 3 second intervals from:
Note: I was getting worried about my 10 amp meter because the current was as high as 14 amps during these regular click cycles.
To further debug:
Since I couldn't remove the three harness connectors for the life of me:
And, then I reconnected the battery to test for parasitic drain.
Guess what?
In summary, the parasitic current data is hugely inconsistent depending on whether the "clicking" sound is heard.
However, I'm pretty sure the intermittent huge fluctuating parasitic current is due to the ACM FSU I bought in 2/2/2009 going bad.
With the fuse F76 removed, I'll keep an eye on the parasitics for a few days - but the evidence seems to implicate the aftermarket ACM FSU.
Meanwhile, since I KNOW it will be difficult to get F76 back in, does anyone know HOW to get those three harness connectors off (especially the largest one, which would make access muuuuch easier when removed)?
The connector seemed similar to that of the ABS control module connector, in that there is a u-shaped slider - but I could only move it so much - and then nothing else moved.
A video of someone smart enough to remove that connector would be a blessing to see!
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Last edited by bluebee; 02-05-2013 at 09:51 PM. Reason: Added detail.
heres how to unlock those connectors
I too am having the same issue. Not my fsu, just replaced. Battery is new though drained. Im thinking its fuse 4 or 9. Cant tell yet more trouble shooting to go. I get the clicky noise too even after fsu. I've read that perhaps the heater valve is the cause of the clicks. One of those fuses I think 4 controls that. Look forward to updates.
It looks like I had already tried the right moves, but, I just didn't force it hard enough.
1. The large connector, as the description says, starts out easily - but then jams tight. It seems I need to use more force.
2. The two smaller connectors have that locking tab; I guess I just have to press down on that locking tab with more force, and then swing the lever to the left (in the picture).
Those instructions you found make it seem intuitively easy!
This closeup of the GM Module board from your reference shows the tabs that need to be overcome:
F4 = 20A, Passenger comp/trunk lighting, Windscreen washer system
F9 = 15A, Air conditioner, Heated washer jets [Check Control Module panel]
I admit, it was almost dark by the time I pulled the FSU Fuse F79, so, I'll have to look again tomorrow. I have the car outside, unlocked, with the trunk open, charging away on the charger - so I hope it doesn't rain tonight.
BTW, how much is your active & quiescent current?
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At battery car on 13.5 it will go up but not much within spec. In sleep I get odd numbers it fluctuates about .75 but it well drop then rise. Obc shows the alternator at 13.7. So good there I haven't ruled out nav or amp. All I do hear is clicking. Like the actuator flap moving. I'm dead currently going to go buy one of those jumper things sick of asking for jump.
Sent from my EVO using Bimmer App
Volts are fine if you're testing the final state of charge of the battery - but for locating "parasites" causing that battery drain, you need to look at amps (essentially amps are the instantaneous slope telling you direction & magnitude whereas volts are merely the final integration of the area under the curve). Volts are great to tell you that your final state is a dead battery - but - amps are what you need to isolate parasitic leakage at any point in time.
Then, buy a good battery charger and a good (long & thick, preferably with an LED on the end for night work) extension cord.
After you have those essential items, then (and only then) would I even consider spending any money on a 'jumper thing".
Personally, I think portable car jump starters are problematic for the following reasons:
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Last edited by bluebee; 02-06-2013 at 09:31 AM.
Thanks fr the tips. I do have a decent dmm that's really tuned for auto electrics. Bought on Amazon cheap to. Decent cables as well. I haven't gone into through testing yet however. I live in a apartment so its hard to use a battery tender, or something similar. Perhaps I'll buy a charger just makes me nervous in my home and a very curious cat running about. This car had been good to me and this is her first real pain she has given me. I got the car unhooked now battery its near 3 volts. So it well need a jump. Once jumped she charges up. I will see when I get home if its dropped further.
Sent from my EVO using Bimmer App
It looks like pulling F76 did the trick yesterday, as I no longer hear the periodic clicking sounds and this picture sequence below shows the active and quiescent currents at a much more manageable 2 amps and 80 milliamps respectively.
I never just throw parts at a problem, so, I'll let it sit overnight, with the battery connected, and check it in the morning as the first step in confirmation of our hunch.
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Last edited by bluebee; 02-07-2013 at 04:53 PM.
I have attempted to follow this thread but honestly, I would rather replace a CCV than troubleshoot an electrical problem on an e39. Your removal of Fuse 76 appears to validate that the drain is occurring in the heater blower circuit (which includes the FSU). Have you pulled and tested your FSU yet? Even though yours was replaced a few years back, the FSU lacks a track record for reliability. Did you originally replace your FSU in 2009 with a dealer sourced part? If yes and the FSU is the cause of the problem, this would suggest that even dealer sourced FSUs have an expiration date. Just one more thing to keep an eye on...
1. Pulling fuse 76 will only determine if the problem to the heater blower circuit. This is helpful if we have no idea where the problem arises. But this problem (battery drain) is a somewhat common occurance in e39s.
2. The FSU has historical precedence for causing battery drain. By pulling the FSU, you might identify the cause of the problem immediately.
3. The FSU is much easier to access than fuse 76
If your current FSU is the problem and needs to be replaced, this suggests that even newer model FSUs will not last forever. Good to know.
With my issue I bought an oe fsu. However I still have a drain. I agree I did the ccv and would rather do that again lol. My problem its say its not the fsu but something else on that circuit. How are we going to do that. Also ota it just me or its there an abnormal amount of battery drain post as of late.
How many mile do you have? I'm just under 79k
Sent from my EVO using Bimmer App
I agree logic goes out the widow. Oddly enough the old one seems to be of the newer style too. I never had fan problems. Just those actuators making noise. So basically I'm going to layer up and get outside this weekend to get to the source. I'm really starting to think its something else.
Sent from my EVO using Bimmer App
In fact, I just pulled the FSU, after decrying that the Germans are still getting back at us for what we did to Dresden in the daylight, way back in 1945, by designing that diabolical God awful FSU harness connector (which broke, again, in my clumsy hands).
You need three (tiny) hands:
1. One hand to hold the flashlight
2. Another to press the clips on the harness connector
3. And a third hand to pull the fsu away from the harness connector
a) Pulling fuse F76 is a general test while pulling the FSU is a specific test
b) Pulling & replacing the FSU is actually slightly EASIER (if you can believe that) than pulling & replacing the yellow 40A fuse F76.
c) If the problem turns out to be the FSU, you have to pull it anyway to replace it.
In order to isolate the problem, I'm now going to run some amperage tests with the FSU removed and the fuse F76 back in place.
Here is the replacement FSU I just pulled, next to the original FSU I saved all these years (waiting for a round tuit to finally autopsy it).
This receipt, from late January of 2009, that I posted to the forums shows I bought it from AutoHauzAZ (before I knew about Max).
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Last edited by bluebee; 02-07-2013 at 07:02 PM.
Check current draw at battery after 16 minutes (don't open or close doors or do anything to re-start sleep mode. By measuring the current drain now use your education to lead you to the problem rather than start at fuse #1 and go down the line. If current drain is 20 amps then it probably is the FSU. If the current drain is say 3 amps then the infamous fuse 56 comes into play. If not the FSU or fuse 56, then you might start going down the line. I think some have reported 150 mil draw when asleep. Evenh that would be "ok"
Also, you can't check the batteries internal impedance-resistance maybe. Don't go and get too fancy with electrical terms out of context! We don't measure battery impedance ever.
Just suggesting we apply a little more deduction based upon what draw is as measured AT THE BATTERY first and then decide which areas of the car are best suspects. Remove negative battery cable and insert ammeter there in series with cable and battery terminal.
PS. Why go to autozone to test your alternator. Just measure battery voltAge running and not. Also, instead of going to autozone just pull the damn FSU and see if your problem goes away. You'll know in under 6 hours in DVM not used or immediately if current drain is being measured. KISS
Last edited by 540iman; 02-07-2013 at 07:12 PM.
Welcome back!
I'm going to add your advice to the original post (so others can follow your advice).
For example:
a. If it's double-digit current draw, then pull the FSU, and check current draw again.
b. For single-digit current draw, pull F56, and check current draw again.
EDIT: I just tested my active & quiescent current with the FSU removed (and with fuse F76 back in place):
Active period: 1.88 amps
Quiescent period: 80 milliamps
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Last edited by bluebee; 02-07-2013 at 09:02 PM.
Congrats! You found your issue. 80 mil is in the normal range for your car. If you just want to be sure, you could plug FSU back in and repeat.
When you personally have an issue with your car, I'm always "here" for someone who has given so much for the rest of us. Thanks and glad you have solved your issue. You can drive with the FSU pulled, but you won't have any heat or cool as the fan won't run.
I suspect it's temperature related or sequence related ... so I need to take the bimmer for an errand with the FSU in, and then watch the battery like a hawk when I get back.
BTW, two (minor) problems happened because of all the connections and disconnections.
1. The negative battery cable won't tighten anymore (I may have overtighted it or stripped it or bent it or whatever - but it was night last night when I realized it wouldn't tighten so I'll look today and snap a photo).
2. The FSU harness connector broke (again), so it now has only one tab and no latch. Oh well, it was a diabolically difficult connector to start with - maybe this makes it easier to disconnect. I'll see.
I WISH there were a good electrical test of the FSU itself, with a DMM.
Please read the suggested threads and add value, either by pictures or by descriptions, so the next person stands on your shoulders.
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Last edited by bluebee; 02-10-2013 at 11:20 AM.
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text:
Tim Tebow on Boomer's Criticism: 'God Bless Him'
Devout Christian quarterback Tim Tebow appears to have taken the biblical axiom "turn the other cheek" (Matthew 5:38, 39) to a new level after former Jets player and current football analyst Boomer Esiason said the New York team should cut him.
"I've heard nothing but great things about Mr. Esiason," said Tebow, in comments distributed by the Jets to the media. "I know he was a great player here, and I just wish him nothing but the best in his announcing and God bless him."
Tebow's response came after Esiason, during his New York radio show on Monday said, "If I were the Jets . . . I would cut Tim Tebow, I really would. It's not in any way, shape or form, I think, benefiting this team.
"All you have to do is watch him throw the ball. I just think this whole thing, at least from my perspective right now in relation to who Mark Sanchez is – your starting quarterback – is a major mistake."
It's not the first time that Esiason has blasted Tebow for his skill sets or suggested a team should cut him, according to a CBS New York article.
Esiason thought the Denver Broncos should cut Tebow after a game last season in which he played poorly. The local New York CBS station reported that the quarterback "got mocked and flat-out rocked. Of course, he went on to lead Denver to the playoffs and a first-round shocker over Pittsburgh."
Apparently Esiason took the "other cheek" that Tebow has so masterfully offered to his critics as an invitation to verbally slap the QB again as a Jets player.
"You can say whatever you want about Tim Tebow," said Esiason. "He played some of the worst football that any quarterback has ever played in the history of the game last year at times."
The New King James version of Matthew 5:38, 39 reads: "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.' But I tell you not to resist ... But whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also."
As for Tebow, he has been on record as saying he has heard all the criticism and negative outlook about his career before.
"I've pretty much heard a lot of it," Tebow said. "From when I was in high school, when they said I couldn't be a high school quarterback, when I was in college and my first year they told me 'you'll never play quarterback,' and then, 'you can never win a championship,' and 'you'll never play in the NFL.' I've heard a lot of it and I just continue to use that as motivation and when I get my opportunities, try to make the most of them, just be the person that I am and not let that get me too excited or too down, but just be who I am and go out there and work as hard as I can every day and try and improve and be the best football player/quarterback that I can be."
Tebow has brought extra attention to the Jets summer training camp this year with many observers speculating as to exactly how the team will be using him in addition to his backup role to Sanchez.
Jets owner Woody Johnson said he was expecting more media coverage of the team because of the addition of Tebow, but was astounded by the amount of intensity, according to The Associated Press.
"I think the enormity of the coverage kind of surprised me a little bit," Johnson said during the team's workout on Tuesday. "Well, I knew there would be press, there would be interest," Johnson said, "but even by our standards, this is pretty amazing."


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text:
Thanks to MindLoveMisery's Menagerie for hosting the Friday Music Prompt. Friday's song was, "Waiting for Tonight" by Jennifer Lopez.
"Waiting For Tonight" – Jennifer Lopez
(Her View)
Tonight's the night he's meeting me here later,
Passions ignited, we've fires, need sating.
All the desires of our time together, at last met,
I'll be shaking, moaning, chasing the stars.
Caught in the moment, we'll shatter as glass,
Wrapped in your strong arms, I'll have a blast.
Waiting for tonight, excitement beaming,
When you and I are lovers holding, fast.
Preening, applying makeup and shaking,
Preparing for you, our first time creating.
Ensuring our night's perfect; it'll end complete.
Skin grazing, caressing, nothing sub-par,
Lovers busy enjoying repast.
Perfect lingerie, beneath a gown fast —
Becoming a favourite; it's perfect and tight,
Rip it off, no need to be so classy.
Waiting for tonight, our love embracing,
Perfection between us, this night for our sake.
I've planned it exactly, we'll not overstep,
Each moments vital, at the finale beseech.
Give into our lust, marvel in love far —
Better than any you've ever had; here we'll last,
Until mornings stunning rays of light.
I wait for him, he's mine; trembling, my hands clasp.
(His View)
Tonight it came, the nightmare couldn't wait,
She's obssessed, unstable, any day she'll break.
Better to stop, was never invested, not set,
On staying with her; she's a whale beached.
Though thin like a beanpole, not nice at all.
Loathsome personality, running fast —
Driving passed; her obsession frightening.
I was 'nice' once or twice, now there's an impasse.
Need freedom, her annoying voice I hate,
Can life be normal again? Not Hell made?
Can I touch the one I love, and not regret,
Bringing him into drama; twice I cheated,
Boyfriend enraged; a dumb girl caused my fall.
Told her, "I like men most;" but left aghast —
She doesn't care, spoiled girl; not smart, no insight,
Traps into engagement; I'll always pass.
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