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The left's secret club
Some of the country's biggest Democratic donors — including Tom Steyer and Jonathan Soros — are huddling behind closed doors beginning Sunday in Chicago with union bigwigs and progressive superstars like Bill de Blasio to plan how to pull their party — and the country — to the left.
The setting is the annual spring meeting of the Democracy Alliance, a secretive club of wealthy liberals that's the closest thing the left has to the vaunted Koch brothers' political network.
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The DA, as the liberal group is known to insiders, is increasing its ranks of rich donors for the first time in years and is gearing up to spend huge sums on political data, voter registration, ground organizing and advertising to influence the 2014 midterms and 2016 presidential elections. Potentially more significant, the groups' donors also could play an important role in determining whether the post-Barack Obama Democratic Party embraces the rising tide of progressive populism or hews to a more cautious, centrist course — in other words, whether the Hillary Clinton wing or Elizabeth Warren wing will seize the reins.
( PHOTOS: 10 tough Senate races for Democrats)
The Spring Investment Conference will feature a number of Clinton allies and others associated with the centrist wing — including Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Kentucky Senate candidate Alison Lundergan Grimes and Obama senior adviser Valerie Jarrett. But the conference — which kicks off Sunday night at a Ritz Carlton ballroom with a dinner keynoted by de Blasio — is also seen as a coming out party of sorts for the group's progressives, who have expressed some measure of dissatisfaction with what they see as a level of timidity on their pet issues from the Obama White House.
According to a conference agenda obtained by POLITICO, panels will focus on elevating progressive issues like income inequality, climate change, drug reform, gun control, abortion rights and the death penalty.
It's not all serious business, though. Social events include a wine party featuring selections from wineries owned by DA donors, a private curator-led tour of the Art Institute of Chicago and a performance by "The Daily Show" co-creator Lizz Winstead, who the agenda says will deploy her "comedic genius" to take a "light-hearted look at the conservative Right and the decay of the Fourth Estate."
( PHOTOS: 10 must-watch House races in 2014)
DA conferences are typically kept hush-hush, with locations tightly held, press barred from the sessions and participants prohibited from discussing the proceedings.
Invitations are coveted by all manner of Democrats. Several representatives from Obama's orbit are expected at the Ritz, including White House Political Director David Simas and campaign adman Larry Grisolano. They're participating in a panel on winning health care strategies in state races, while Organizing for Action, the nonprofit group formed from the remnants of Obama's campaign to push his second-term agenda, is hosting donors for an open house at its headquarters. And former Obama political guru David Axelrod is slated to deliver a speech titled "Reflections on a Career in Journalism, Politics, and the Obama Journey."
The courting of rich Democrats in Chicago comes as some of the party's top names continue a discordant character assault on major conservative donors as eroding the very fabric of American democracy. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid has repeatedly blasted the billionaire industrialists Charles and David Koch as "un-American" and accused them of "actually trying to buy the country."
( Also on POLITICO: Tom Steyer: I'm not the Koch brothers)
Democracy Alliance partners, as the group calls its members, pay annual dues of $30,000 and are required to contribute a total of at least $200,000 a year to recommended groups. Since its inception in 2005, the DA has steered upward of $500 million to a range of groups, including pillars of the political left such as the conservative media watchdog Media Matters, the policy advocacy outfit Center for American Progress and the data firm Catalist — all of which are run by Clinton allies.
While those groups will be represented in Chicago, DA insiders and observers are watching the conference closely for signs of a leftward tack away from the Democratic Party's strategy.
Steyer, the San Francisco hedge fund billionaire trying to raise money for a planned $100-million midterm spending spree on behalf of environmentally minded candidates, is hosting a session called "Putting Climate Change at the Forefront of American Politics," and is expected to hold one-on-one meetings to solicit checks from interested DA partners.
And the conference will mark the beginning of a new DA leadership regime that is replacing the Obama and Clinton loyalists who had been running the organization.
( VIDEO GALLERY: 2014 campaign ads)
"I anticipate the Democracy Alliance becoming both more progressive and more aggressive in the coming years," said Erica Payne, who helped found the club, and now runs the Agenda Project, a progressive communications nonprofit. "That will disturb centrist Democrats, but it will be healthy and productive for the country. They need to be challenged on these things."
New DA President Gara LaMarche, who comes from the ranks of liberal philanthropy, is regarded as more independent from the Democratic Party than his predecessor Kelly Craighead. A former Clinton White House staffer and longtime Hillary Clinton assistant, she had helped raise money for Obama and Democratic super PACs closely linked to party leaders.
And in June, the board is expected to elect a new chair to replace Rob McKay, an heir to a Taco Bell fortune who has been chair since 2006. McKay, an early Obama supporter, sat on the board of Priorities USA, the super PAC that boosted Obama's 2012 reelection campaign and this year switched its allegiances to Clinton in advance of a hoped-for 2016 presidential campaign.
National Education Association executive John Stocks, is among the leading candidates to replace McKay, DA sources say, and would be the group's first chair who is not a major donor and who hails from organized labor.


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Over the past 15 to 20 years, the fields of sleep medicine and chronobiology have gone through a metamorphosis made possible by exponential increases in knowledge related to sleep and circadian rhythm disorders, their diagnosis and treatment. New medical devices, pharmaceuticals and other interventions have been developed that have the potential not only to improve sleep but also the quality of life of afflicted individuals and to dramatically reduce mortality and morbidity from medical conditions associated with sleep deficiency and sleep disorders, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Even the motor vehicle crash risk of drivers with obstructive sleep apnea is reduced with continuous positive airway pressure treatment.1
Nevertheless, the number of Americans having problems with their sleep is not declining. In 2006, the Institute of Medicine estimated that 50-70 million Americans were afflicted by a disorder of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep disorders result in not only negative personal impacts on health and wellness but also substantial adverse economic consequences for society as a whole.2 Furthermore, most Americans are sleeping less. Thirty percent of US workers report nightly sleep durations of ≤ 6 hours,3 in contrast to 50 years ago when only 3% of the population reported such short sleep duration.4 The reason for the vast reduction in sleep is multifactorial including: societal pressures such as working long hours; competing priorities (e.g., working multiple jobs and/or childcare); widespread use/abuse of caffeine and other stimulants; artificial lighting, internet and video game use, round-the-clock television channels, and, more generally, societal and individual attitudes towards sleep; and the perceived need to use electronic devices (e.g., smart phones, tablets) to remain "connected" 24/7.
Why do we have this paradox of increased scientific knowledge regarding the importance of sleep and people sleeping fewer hours? Although the importance of sleep may not be appreciated by some individuals, the lack of public awareness is likely not the primary explanation. This supposition is supported by results from an informal survey conducted at a recent business conference of several thousand persons attended by one of the authors. It showed the vast majority of the attendees realized adequate sleep was important for their health and well-being. Nevertheless, large numbers still reported sleeping less than 7 hours per night suggesting that knowledge is not being translated into practice.
What can be done to change behavior such that it is more in line with the current knowledge of sleep health? Certainly making easily accessible information available over the internet and other venues is helpful.5 However, we contend that it is time for a national movement to imbue sleep health into the public consciousness and make it part of our social fabric. Similar revolutionary movements have changed public attitudes towards smoking, and have led to more stringent laws and penalties against drunk driving. To be successful, the movement will need to engage multiple stakeholders. Entities such as professional societies (e.g., American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research Society), and academic institutions will be needed to demonstrate leadership and energize their memberships. The real strength of the movement, however, may come from corporate America. It has been proposed that sleep health is a business issue as well as a healthcare issue.6,7 Presenteeism, accidents, poor judgment and absenteeism due to poor sleep health all have direct impacts on corporate productivity. Furthermore, when poor sleep health leads to chronic sleep disorders, corporate healthcare costs increase due the rising incidence of the comorbidities of sleep disorders.
Millions of Americans are employed by large corporations. For example, a major corporation such as Walmart employs 1.4 million people or 1% of the working population of the United States.8 If major corporations could be recruited to join the movement and institute sleep health friendly policies, they would be improving the health of their employees as well as their own economic "bottom line." A simple first step for corporations would be to add sleep health to their existing wellness programs. Healthy sleep educational classes could be provided. In the same way that many corporations have weight loss or smoking cessation challenges or events, innovative healthy sleep competitions could be developed and implemented. Vulnerable individuals at high risk for sleep disorders could be identified by simple screening questionnaires and referred for further evaluation and treatment, if required.9 Finally, sleep-friendly corporate policies discouraging late night texts and emails could be instituted. These trailblazing corporations would be demonstrating leadership that would result in adoption of similar policies by other employers, eventually resulting in a "snowball" effect that could engage all Americans.
The science of sleep and circadian biology has demonstrated that sufficient, high quality sleep is indeed the third pillar of health along with nutrition and exercise. The time is ripe for a movement to translate this knowledge into action.
Dr. Quan is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. Dr. Barger has consulted for Alertness Solutions.
Barger L; Quan SF. A movement to promote healthy sleep: the case for corporate involvement. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(8):739-740.
Tregear S, Reston J, Schoelles K, Phillips B, authors. Continuous positive airway pressure reduces risk of motor vehicle crash among drivers with obstructive sleep apnea: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. 2010;33:1373–80. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Colten HR, Altevogt BM, editors. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem. 2006. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Luckhaupt SE, author. Short Sleep Duration Among Workers – United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61:281–5. [PubMed]
Czeisler CA, author. Perspective: casting light on sleep deficiency. Nature. 2013;497:S13. [PubMed]
Quan SF, Anderson JL, Hodge GK, authors. Use of a supplementary internet based education program improves sleep literacy in college psychology students. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9:155–60. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Huffington Arianna, author. Getting Naps Ahead of the Competition. http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2013/06/getting_naps_ahead_of_the_comp.html.
Kirby Julia, author. Change the World and Get to Bed by 10:00. http://blogs.hbr.org/hbr/hbreditors/2013/05/change_the_world_and_get_to_be.html.
Blodget Henry, author. Walmart Employs 1% Of America. Should It Be Forced To Pay Its Employees More? http://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-employees-pay.
Rajaratnam SM, Barger LK, Lockley SW, Shea SA, Wang W, Landrigan CP, O'Brien CS, Qadri S, Sullivan JP, Cade BE, Epstein LJ, White DP, Czeisler CA, authors; Harvard Work Hours, Health and Safety Group. Sleep disorders, health, and safety in police officers. JAMA. 2011;306:2567–78. [PubMed]

subset: commoncrawl


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I want to cry! My parents think I am crazy and my father the biochemist cannot understand my choice to become a"crazy vegan". My husband is apathetic and ambivalent. I have lost 50 lbs but no one will focus on that....I feel so alone and wish I could find a site devoted to newbies. I love my vegan lifestyle and will never go back to carnivore....but hell...it would be nice to share this journey.......:(
Try "The Vegan Forum". I am a member there and that site is MUCH more active than here. Most of the members there are based in the U.K. but there are a few from the States. They are very very helpful there though and very friendly and the site gets daily traffic. Vegweb used to be great back in the day but they have really slowed down and there isn't much activity here. I love the recipes though. But for social support I have found The Vegan forum to be the most active, and they have a state by state subforum also. Veggie Boards is another active forum that includes vegetarians and vegans and they have subforums for newbies and those transitioning. I am not a member there but may consider joining just for added social networking.
You are not alone dear! My husband is also an omnivore and still wants to argue with me about my lifestyle. His parents do not condone my veganism either. My own Mom and sister have attempted to go vegan and were successful for a few months but have fallen back into old habits. I am pretty much on my own also but I am still very committed to veganism two years on and I don't really need real time support to keep at it. But sometimes it is nice to be able to chat with others who understand and get it, and not have to constantly defend myself and be attacked for my choices. I hear you there. It has been trial and error for me over the years learning how to make it work where I live and so on but I have found some awesome support online and people are always willing to answer questions and help. Just keep at it. As I said this site is very quiet lately. You might have to search elsewhere. One other site that is relatively active is Post Punk Kitchen. They are more into cooking and food related stuff (more so than animal rights activism etc) and the site is designed in a similar way to Vegweb. Might want to try that one out.
I completely understand. Anytime I show the slightest bit of emotion towards anything my father attacks me with the usual phrasing of, "You're doing that stupid vegan liberal bullshit." I'm under constant stress mentally and physically because of it. He bashes me all day long, and attacks for no reason. It's so hurtful and emotionally crippling at times. I do hope things get better for you, and I hope your family doesn't attack you in the same way they do me. :(


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About Bali Indonesia
Breathtakingly beautiful looming volcanoes and serene terraced rice fields, exuding peace and tranquillity that you just can't find in the cities; no wonder Bali is known as the Land of the Gods. And the beautiful ocean makes it a surfer's paradise too!
Bali captivates with its amazing culture, customs, colourful ceremonies, its arts and crafts and dramatic dances. Places like Seminyak and Canggu have numerous luxurious beach villas that allow you to enjoy both the culture and Bali's happening nightlife. In Ubud, Uluwatu and almost everywhere else, you will find some of the most majestic and intricately carved temples and shrines.
The white beaches and blue waters make it a family favourite destination. You can just linger on the sunny beach, taking in the warm Bali sun or you can go for some awesome watersports like banana boat, jet ski, parasailing and more.
Villa Nehal
- Bedrooms: 5
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- Villa manager
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- Extra bed (child) USD $20 per night
- Breakfast at cost of groceries
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- Car and driver (7 seats, up to 8 hours) USD $55
Villa Nehal
Bedroom 1
2 Guests
1 King Bed
Bathroom (Bath + Shower)
Bedroom 2
2 Guests
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Bathroom (Bath + Shower)
Bedroom 3
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1 King Bed
Bathroom (Bath + Shower)
Bedroom 4
2 Guests
1 King Bed
Bathroom (Shower)
Bedroom 5
2 Guests
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Bathroom (Shower)
Need to
Vilondo Services
- Return airport transfers included for guests arriving / departing on the same flight (min 4 night stay)
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- Read our full terms and conditions
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LOS ANGELES, Nov. 28 (UPI) -- Bobbi Kristina Brown and Nick Gordon, who confirmed their engagement last month on a U.S. reality show, have broken up, UsMagazine.com said Wednesday.
Brown, the 19-year-old daughter of late singer Whitney Houston and R&B artist Bobby Brown, appears with her family on Lifetime's "The Houstons: On Our Own."
Gordon, 22, lived at Whitney Houston's house for years before she died last February.
"They did split. It will come out in the show," one insider told UsMagazine.com.
"I think it has to do a lot with the family not liking Nick, considering he was a godson and then they became a couple," a second source said. "I'm sure there is a lot of, 'Would Whitney be OK with this?' going around."
Gordon took to Twitter to confirm the status of their relationship, saying: "[Bobbi Kristina] and I are not engaged or dating. Just close like we have always been."


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"Off Da Heezy Entertainment's Tank Jones in one of the hottest videos of the YEAR. This is a 2 Black Guys Production video." [m]
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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5 craziest crimes of the week
A woman who went way too far in trying to foil her brother's wedding day and a potential break in a cold case are on the list:
1. Woman cancels brother's wedding, goes to jail: A UK woman who really, really didn't like her brother's fiancee impersonated the woman and canceled their wedding. Result: Eight weeks in jail and a restraining order. But there's an even weirder twist.
2. 39 years after sisters vanish, suspect named: Sheila Lyon, 12, and her sister Katherine, 10, went to see an Easter exhibit at a Maryland shopping mall on March 25, 1975, and were never seen again. Some 39 years later, police say they think they know who killed them and are asking the public for help.
3. Son-in-law arrested in Tennessee bombing: When a bomb killed a retired lawyer and his wife in their rural Tennessee home, neighbors speculated that they must have been mistaken targets. After all, who would go after Jon and Marion Setzer, both in their 70s? Now authorities say their son-in-law would.
4. Ohio man accused of trying to buy girl: A federal grand jury has indicted a 37-year-old Ohio man who police say tried to buy a 10-year-old "wife" for $400. Robert W. Thomas Jr. allegedly posted an ad seeking a young bride online last month, but the only response he got was from police.
5. Man jailed over lame plot to kill Prince Harry: A man was jailed for three years this over a plan to kill Prince Harry ... but his murder plot was, as the judge put it, "vague and unlikely to succeed" at best, comical at worst. Ashraf Islam, a con man from Northern Ireland formerly known as Mark David Townley, first did "research" on Harry, meaning he did a few Internet searches on the young royal's whereabouts, schedule, and security team. It didn't get much better from there.
For more crazy crime stories, including a man who got busted while toting an AK-47 and dressed like a banana, visit Newser, a USA TODAY content partner providing general news, commentary and coverage from around the Web. Its content is produced independently of USA TODAY.


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Up your table-setting game with our personalised menu cards – perfect for weddings, formal dinners or those fancy garden parties. Our collection has been thoughtfully designed in collaboration with some of your favorite artists, then expertly printed on tactile Mohawk paper.
127mm x 177.8mm
Warm-white Mohawk paper with a matte eggshell finish
Single thickness: 324gsm
Double thickness: 650gsm (please allow 1-2 days extra production time)


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V7 90 kitchen hood
- Max air flow: 725 m3/h
- IEC air flow: 677 m3/h
- Control:
Electronic control 4 speeds (3+1 intensive) timer heat sensor for automatic functioning
- Lamps: 2x2,1W Led
- Noise Level: 49/59 dB(A)
- Size: 90 cm
- Finish:
Black painted steel with stainless steel panel
- Filters:
Washable grease filters. Charcoal filters for recirculation mode (optional).
Washable grease Filters
Our lters can be washed for a perfect cleaning, keeping their performance constant in time.
Sliding Chimneys
The possibility to adjust the height of the chimneys makes our hoods easy to install and perfectly integrated with ceilings of any height.
Perimeter Aspiration
The hoods equipped with this feature have ltering surface positioned perimetrically.
This system improves aesthetics, reduces noise and simpli es cleaning.
Touch control
The Touch Control panel allows you to access all functions of the hood just by touching the icons, making the use, service and the cleaning of the appliance easier.
Energy saving
Thanks to technologies that Airforce has developed especially for our engines and lighting systems these hoods have high performances and very low energy consumption.
Filter change
The indicator of saturation of the grease filters and of the active charcoal filters alerts the user of the need to clean or replace them, allowing to keep the exhaustion at excellent levels.
The unique LED lighting developed by Airforce combines very high performance of lighting with the low power consumption: less than 90% compared to a traditional lamp and with a lifetime of over 20,000 hours.
Automatic Sensor
With the Sensor function activated, the extraction speed will set itself automatically depending on the heat coming from the stove and will adjust the exhaustion at optimal levels to avoid waste of energy.
Double Air Inlet
The models with the double air inlet surface have one or more additional grease filters located in the lower part, turned towards the cooking top. This system maximizes the performance of the hood, even at the lower speeds.


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Depending on which side of the brain was affected by a
stroke, the way a person approaches tasks may be
different than it was before the stroke.
People who have had a stroke on the left side of the brain tend to
be slow, cautious, and disorganized when they are doing unfamiliar activities.
They appear anxious and hesitant, which is often quite different from the way
they were before the stroke.
People who have had a stroke on the right side of the brain tend to
be impulsive and act too quickly. They may act as if they are unaware of their
problems. They often try to do things that are beyond their abilities and that
may be unsafe, such as trying to walk across a room without putting on a brace
and then falling as a result.
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Last Revised:
January 3, 2013
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Karin M. Lindholm, DO - Neurology
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HARROGATE, Tenn. -- Abby Child continued her offensive assault and Katelyn Howser dazzled in six innings on the mound as the second-seeded Anderson Trojans capped their unblemished tournament run by capturing a 5-0 win over the third-seeded Wingate Bulldogs in the title game of the 2014 Food Lion SAC Softball Championship on Sunday at Dorothy Neely Field in Harrogate, Tennessee.
By virtue of claiming the SAC Championship, Anderson (42-10) earns the league's automatic berth to the NCAA Division II Southeast Regional, while Wingate (36-18) will seek an at-large selection.
Both the Trojans and Bulldogs used victories over the Catawba Indians on Saturday to set up Sunday's championship clash, as Anderson's Abby Child belted a two-run, walk-off home run in the bottom of the seventh against the Indians, while the Bulldogs nabbed an 8-0 win over the shell-shocked Indians just over an hour later. Wingate played its way out of the loser's bracket after dropping a 6-3 decision to these very same Trojans on Friday afternoon.
While Wingate entered Sunday's affair leading the SAC tournament field in ERA with a 1.53 mark in 32 innings pitched, the Trojans boasted six of the eight runs charged against the Bulldog staff in tournament play. Anderson nearly repeated that effort on Sunday, collecting five runs with at least one score in the second, third and fourth frames.
Anderson senior Abby Child went 2-for-3 with three RBI and a walk, finishing off a sensational all-around performance for the shortstop. Child posted a gaudy .583 average with seven hits, eight RBI and three homers in 12 official at-bats. Jessica Neidigh added a pair of hits with two runs in Sunday's title bout.
Courtney Czentnar slashed a leadoff double down the left-field line and Rebecca Martin was hit on the ankle by a 1-2 pitch to put the Trojans in business in the bottom of the second. Catcher Laura Jansky bunted the runners into scoring position for Bri Cason. Cason ripped a liner directly at Wingate shortstop Alexis Burrell, who snagged it for the second out of the inning. On the catch, Martin was left hanging off of second base, but Burrell's throw sailed into right field to score Czentnar from third.
Anderson went right back to work in the bottom of the third as Neidigh singled and Molly Child doubled to put a pair of runners on with no outs. A gutsy, 11-pitch at-bat for Abby Child resulted in a scorched two-run, two-bagger off of the bottom of the wall in left-center. Child fouled off five of the last six pitches she saw from All-SAC First Team selection Stacey Houser before narrowly missing her fourth home run of the tournament, which would have broken the SAC career record for bombs.
The Trojans added a crooked number to the scoreboard again in the bottom of the fourth as Charlotte Sieber was plunked by a pitch and Neidigh snuck a double into the gap in left-center. Molly Child bounced a grounder to second baseman Mellena Helms in the next at-bat, and Helms fielded it cleanly, but Sieber avoided the tag at home with a heads up slide. Abby Child crested the lead to 5-0 with an RBI single just past the outstretched hand of Helms.
While all that was happening for the Trojans at the plate, Anderson starter Katelyn Howser threw up six-straight zeroes on the scoreboard, finishing her stellar outing without allowing a hit to the final 17 batters she faced. Howser picked up her third win of the SAC Championship, surrendering only two hits with two strikeouts and two walks in six innings before giving way to Lauren Rudesheim in the final frame. Rudesheim worked around a leadoff single to put Wingate away without a run.
Kayla Saliga went 2-for-2 for the Bulldogs, while Mellena Helms was 1-for-3, accounted for the only three hits charged against either Howser or Rudesheim. Wingate starter Stacey Houser was handed the loss after allowing six hits and five runs (four earned) with five strikeouts in four innings pitched. Taylor Bates stepped in for two innings of relief, and she did not allow a hit with two strikeouts during that stretch.


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Upper airway sensory deficit has been reported to be associated with snoring or obstructive sleep apnea. There are limited data on the correlation between disease severity and upper airway sensation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinical parameters and standardized palatal sensory threshold (SPST) using Semmes Weinstein monofilaments.
We recruited 40 snorers and 19 control subjects. Palatal sensory threshold was measured in all study subjects, using Semmes Weinstein monofilaments. Standardized palatal sensory threshold was determined by subtraction of hard palate sensation from uvular sensation. All subjects with snoring underwent a modified Muller maneuver during wakefulness before polysomnography.
SPST was higher in snorers than in control subjects, but did not differ according to the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Patients with higher SPST (≥ 0.45 g/mm2) were older and had more severe hypoxemia indices: lower nadir oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and higher percentage of sleep time at < 90% SpO2. Adjusted for age, sex, neck circumference, and body mass index, SPST was correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index and hypoxemia indices. With a cutoff value ≥ 0.45 g/mm2, the sensitivity of SPST for nocturnal hypoxemia (nadir SpO2, < 80%) was 81.3%. Patients with higher SPST (≥ 0.45 g/mm2) showed more airway occlusion in modified Muller maneuver, than those with lower values.
The SPST measured using Semmes Weinstein monofilaments reflects nocturnal hypoxemia and airway occlusion. This test provides a potential tissue marker of the severity of hypoxemia in patients who snore.
Kim SW; Park HW; Won SJ; Jeon SY; Jin HR; Lee SJ; Chang DY; Kim DW. Palatal sensory threshold reflects nocturnal hypoxemia and airway occlusion in snorers and obstructive sleep apnea patients. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(11):1179-1186.
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep leading to nocturnal hypoxemia or brief arousals, which result in sleep fragmentation and changes in sleep architecture. The underlying pathophysiology of OSAS is complex and not fully understood. However, it is generally accepted that an overall imbalance of upper airway luminal pressure and muscular activity during sleep induces airway collapsibility.1 Among several pathomechanisms, defective upper airway reflexes, primarily sensory impairment, may be an abnormality in OSAS and make the balance difficult. Sensory dysfunction in the upper airway of patients with sleep disordered breathing has been documented2–6 and reported to be associated with the severity of disease in a few studies.2,3 Additionally, topical oropharyngeal anesthesia, leading to impaired airway reflex, can increase pharyngeal airflow resistance during wakefulness and sleep in normal subjects7 and in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.8 There are limited data on the clinical significance of pharyngeal sensory tests. Furthermore, sensory tests introduced previously may not be practical because they were developed for specific studies and may be difficult to use generally in the clinical setting.3,4,6
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Although sensory dysfunction in the upper airway has been documented to play a role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea, there are limited data on a clinical significance of pharyngeal sensory tests. In this study, the relationship between clinical parameters and standardized palatal sensory threshold was investigated.
Study Impact: This study showed that standardized palatal sensory threshold was reflective of both nocturnal hypoxemia and multiplicity of upper airway obstruction sites. The standardized palatal sensory threshold may be a marker for the severity of obstructive sleep apnea.
To check palatal sensory threshold (PST), we used the Semmes Weinstein monofilament examination, which is a noninvasive, inexpensive, and easy-to-apply test for diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy,9,10 and for sensory threshold determination in various clinical settings.11–13 We also standardized the PST by subtracting the sensory threshold examined in the non-collapsible hard palate area from the threshold in the uvula, the most collapsible area. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical parameters and standardized palatal sensory threshold (SPST).
All snorers (n = 40) underwent full overnight polysomnography, including airflow, respiratory movements, body position, snoring, and pulse oximetry (Somte; Compumedics, Melbourne, Australia). Apnea was defined as a drop in peak thermal sensor excursion by ≥ 90% of baseline for ≥ 10 s; hypopnea was defined as a drop in nasal pressure signal excursion by ≥ 30% of baseline for ≥ 10 s with ≥ 4% desaturation, according to the 2007 recommendations of the American Academy for Sleep Medicine. The proportion of snoring was expressed as the number of epochs with > 50% snoring signal/total number of epochs. Thirty snorers with OSAS (15 mild apnea patients, with an apneahypopnea index [AHI] between 5 and 20 events/h; 15 moderate-to-severe apnea patients with AHI ≥ 20 events/h), 10 simple snorers (AHI < 5 events/h), and 19 non-snorers were included. Snorers with suspicion of OSAS were recruited consecutively from our sleep apnea clinic. Among the patients who visited our rhinology clinic, non-snorer volunteers (n = 19) with no symptoms compatible with OSAS, including habitual snoring, daytime sleepiness, and morning headache, as confirmed by their bed partners, were enrolled for control data on PST. A medical history and clinical data, including tonsil size and body mass index (BMI), were obtained from all subjects. Tonsil size was graded on a 5-point scale: 0 = absent, 1+ = small within the tonsillar fossa, 2+ = extends beyond the tonsillar pillar, 3+ = hypertrophic but not touching in the midline, 4+ = hypertrophic and touching in the midline.
Exclusion criteria were as follows: neurological illness or medical disease, including diabetes mellitus capable of causing peripheral neuropathy; previous soft palate surgery; previous treatment for OSAS; recent upper airway infection or inflammation; exaggerated gag reflex that prevented pharyngeal examination; and no visible soft palate. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Gyeongsang National University Hospital.
One investigator (WSJ), who was blinded to the study groups, used Semmes Weinstein monofilaments to examine the PST in patients and control subjects at 3 sites: the center of the uvula, and the right and left lateral walls of the hard palate, 2 mm from the border between the hard and soft palates (Figure 1A, 1B). One set of the test consists of 20 monofilaments ranging from the lightest (0.008 g/mm2) to the heaviest (300 g/mm2). The monofilaments were applied perpendicularly to the 3 sites in random order until they bent for 1 s. Starting with the lightest monofilament, the value of the monofilament that caused the patient to feel the sensation for the first time was determined as the PST. The uvular sensory threshold was defined as the lightest monofilament value recognized at the uvula, and the reference sensory threshold was the average value of the lightest monofilaments recognized at the lateral walls of the hard palate. We calculated SPST by subtracting the reference sensory threshold from the uvular sensory threshold, to minimize individual sensitivity differences. Test-retest reliability of PST testing for 3 sites was assessed in non-snorer volunteers. The time span between the first and second tests was 30 minutes.
(A) Stars indicate the test sites: the center of the uvula (filled star) and both lateral walls of the palate (open stars). The dotted line indicates the border between the soft and hard palates. The solid curved line represents the lesser palatine nerve. (B) Semmes Weinstein monofilament examination (white arrow) for checking uvular sensation.
Semmes Weinstein monofilament examination for checking palatal sensory threshold. (A) Stars indicate the test sites: the center of the uvula (filled star) and both lateral walls of the palate (open stars). The dotted line indicates the border between the soft and hard palates. The solid curved line represents the lesser palatine...
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Because topical anesthesia can influence the results of polysomnography, a modified Muller maneuver was conducted to snorers at the first visit to the sleep apnea clinic. The procedure was performed with the patient in the supine position after application of topical nasal anesthesia (4% lidocaine plus 0.5% ephedrine spray). A flexible nasopharyngoscope was inserted through anesthetized nasal cavity. Redundancy of the soft palate, lateral pharyngeal wall, and tongue base was evaluated during a maximal inspiratory effort against a closed mouth and sealed nose.14 Redundancy was graded by examiners on a 5-point scale: 0 = no obstruction, 1 = ~25% obstruction, 2 = ~50% obstruction, 3 = ~75% obstruction, and 4 = complete obstruction. Before polysomnographic data were obtained, consensus was reached by our research team by reviewing representative photos. Grade 3 or 4 redundancy was considered to be significant airway occlusion. The number of sites showing airway occlusion were counted and compared between groups.
The results are expressed as means ± SD. Test-retest reliability of the PST testing was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Group analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Correlations between clinical parameters and polysomnographic data were evaluated with Pearson correlation coefficient or partial correlation coefficient adjusted for confounding factors. Fisher exact test was used to compare qualitative data. All data were analyzed with SPSS software (ver. 13.0; SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Subject characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Briefly, subjects with moderate-to-severe OSA had wider neck circumference than other subjects. The severity of OSA was well correlated with some polysomnography parameters related to oxygen saturation, including lowest oxygen saturation and oxygen desaturation index ([ODI] p < 0.05). Control subjects showed significantly lower BMI than other subjects, which might result in the distinct appearance of patients among groups. To avoid potential bias, therefore, the PST test was conducted by an independent investigator blinded to the design and goal of the study.
Demographic data and clinical characteristics of the study population
At all 3 test sites, the PST test was fairly reproducible. The ICC (95% CI) was 0.95 (0.88-0.98), 0.97 (0.93-0.99), and 0.98 (0.94-0.99) at the right and left reference areas and uvula, respectively. Because the PST test showed high test-retest reliability for non-snorer volunteers, it was not performed on snorers or sleep apneic patients.
In control subjects, the uvular sensory threshold was 0.25 ± 0.31 g/mm2, the reference sensory threshold was 0.24 ± 0.26 g/mm2, and SPST was 0.00 ± 0.14 g/mm2. Although there were individual differences, the standard deviation of the mean decreased from 0.31 g/mm2 to 0.14 g/mm2 after standardization.
In simple snorers, the uvular sensory threshold was 2.06 ± 2.69 g/mm2, the reference sensory threshold was 0.96 ± 0.10 g/mm2, and the SPST was 1.10 ± 1.81 g/mm2. Mild apneic patients had a uvular sensory threshold of 2.42 ± 2.69 g/mm2, reference sensory threshold of 1.29 ± 1.32 g/mm2, and SPST of 1.13 ± 1.59 g/mm2. Moderate-to-severe apneic patients exhibited a uvular sensory threshold of 5.26 ± 4.76 g/mm2, reference sensory threshold of 1.50 ± 1.17 g/mm2, and SPST of 3.76 ± 4.71 g/mm2. Snorers had higher uvular and reference sensory thresholds than control subjects. Subjects with moderate-to-severe apnea had higher uvular sensory threshold than simple snorers. After standardization, additionally, the differences between simple snorers and control subjects were more significant (Figure 2; all p-values < 0.01).
After standardization, snorers and obstructive sleep apnea patients had higher palatal sensory threshold than simple snorers. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.
Difference in palatal sensory threshold according to severity of apnea-hypopnea index. After standardization, snorers and obstructive sleep apnea patients had higher palatal sensory threshold than simple snorers. *p
The SPST results of snorers with nocturnal hypoxemic events are shown in Figure 3. Snorers with severe hypoxemia (nadir SpO2 < 80%) had higher SPST than those with mild hypoxemia (nadir SpO2 ≥ 80%; p = 0.008), and the difference tended to be greater in the elderly. With a cutoff level of 0.45 g/mm2, the sensitivity of the SPST test for screening nocturnal hypoxemia (nadir SpO2 < 80%) was 81.3% (Figure 4). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.719 (95% CI 0.540-0.898; p = 0.023).
Severely hypoxemic subjects showed higher standardized palatal sensory threshold (SPST) than mildly hypoxemic and non-snoring subjects. This difference was seen regardless of age, but tended to be greater in the elderly.
Difference in standardized palatal sensory threshold according to nocturnal hypoxemia. Severely hypoxemic subjects showed higher standardized palatal sensory threshold (SPST) than mildly hypoxemic and non-snoring subjects. This difference was seen regardless of age, but tended to be greater in the elderly.
The sensitivity of the standardized palatal sensory threshold for nadir SpO2 < 80% was 81.3% at the cutoff level of standardized palatal sensory threshold = 0.45 g/mm2.
Receiver operating characteristic curve. The sensitivity of the standardized palatal sensory threshold for nadir SpO2
When snorers were divided into 2 groups in terms of SPST, the higher threshold group (≥ 0.45 g/mm2) were older (p = 0.005) and had a lower nadir SpO2 (p = 0.009) and higher percentage of time spent < 90% SpO2 (p = 0.023). There was no difference in any other polysomnographic parameter between the 2 groups (Table 2). However, a correlation analysis showed an association between SPST and additional clinical parameters such as AHI, BMI, neck circumference, and ODI, as well as percentage of time spent below 90% SpO2 and nadir SpO2. Furthermore, when adjusted for confounding factors such as age, neck circumference, and BMI, SPST showed a significant correlation with AHI and 3 hypoxemia indices (Table 3).
Comparison of clinical characteristics according to standardized palatal sensory threshold in snorers with and without obstructive sleep apnea
Correlation between palatal sensory threshold and clinical parameters in snorers with and without obstructive sleep apnea
Although there was no difference in tonsil size between groups according to SPST or OSAS severity (Tables 1, 2), the percentage of cases with ≥ 2 airway occlusion sites by the Muller maneuver was significantly higher for the higher SPST group (≥ 0.45 g/mm2) compared with the lower SPST group (< 0.45 g/mm2; 76% vs. 31%, respectively; p = 0.015). In contrast, there was no difference between groups by OSAS severity (Figure 5).
The higher SPST group (≥ 0.45 g/mm2) showed multiple (≥ 2) airway occlusion sites more frequently than the lower SPST group (< 0.45 g/ mm2) being identified by the Muller maneuver. *p < 0.05.
Difference in number of airway occlusion sites by OSAS severity (AHI) and standardized palatal sensory threshold (SPST). The higher SPST group (≥ 0.45 g/mm2) showed multiple (≥ 2) airway occlusion sites more frequently than the lower SPST group (
To sum up our results, the PST test using Semmes Weinstein monofilament was a reliable method. Standardized PST values by subtracting the sensory threshold value at the hard palatal reference point from uvular sensory threshold were significantly different between control subjects and snorers/OSA patients. The level of SPST was closely related to the severity of nocturnal hypoxemia, and the SPST of ≥ 0.45 g/mm2 indicated the occurrence of nadir SpO2 < 80% with a sensitivity of 81.3%. Additionally, higher SPST level was associated with airway occlusion at multiple sites.
To our knowledge, no reported study has attempted to standardize sensory threshold values because the control sites used, i.e., the lip, tongue, and hand, are innervated differently compared with the palatal mucosa.2–5,15 In this study, a non-collapsible area innervated by the lesser palatine nerve, which also innervates the uvula, was used as a control site. Standardized palatal sensory threshold was calculated by subtracting the sensory threshold in this non-collapsible area from that in the center of the uvula. Control subjects had nearly the same sensory threshold in the uvula and hard palate: SPST = 0.00 ± 0.14 g/mm2. Less variability in the standard deviation of SPST, compared with that of the uvular sensory thresholds, indicates that this method may compensate for individual differences in factors such as age, gender, and race. Thus, SPST may reflect OSAS-specific sensory dysfunction more precisely than other sensory threshold tests previously reported.
The center of the uvula was chosen as the test site in this study because it had been reported to show histopathological findings such as disorganization of epithelial and connective tissues and decreased number of nerves in OSAS.16–19 The Semmes Weinstein monofilaments we used are an excellent tool for targeting the center of the uvula. As mentioned above, this method has been validated for checking sensory thresholds in many clinical studies.11–13
Airway collapsibility can be estimated by assessing electromyographic activity in response to negative pressure20 or changes in esophageal pressure during sleep.8 Airway collapsibility is influenced by not only deficits in respiratory neuromuscular control but also redundant anatomical structures such as palatine tonsils and edema of pharyngeal tissues.21 Several previous studies have documented that snoring-induced chronic inflammation can cause upper airway mucosal thickening22,23 and peripheral nerve injury,24,25 which represent anatomical redundancy and deficits in neuromuscular reflexes, respectively. The modified Muller maneuver could not reflect true collapsibility of the upper airway observed during natural sleep because, of course, it was conducted in awake patients. Given previous findings, however, redundancy identified by the modified Muller maneuver was presumed to mirror airway collapsibility to some extent. In the present study, subjects with higher SPST showed multilevel airway obstructions more frequently than those with lower SPST (Figure 5), indicating that higher sensory deficit is associated with broader redundancy in the soft tissues of the upper airways. As no significant difference in tonsil size was found between subjects with higher and lower SPSTs (Table 2), it was assumed that redundancy of the upper airway may be due to the sensory deficits and anatomical factors other than palatine tonsils (i.e., mucosal thickening). Despite these results, further methods such as drug-induced sleep endoscopy are needed to confirm an association between airway collapsibility and sensory deficits in the upper airway.
Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse, causing nocturnal hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. Obstructive sleep apnea or snoring is well known to be associated with sensory deficits.2–6 A few studies have demonstrated that the severity of OSAS is correlated with the degree of sensory deficit in the upper airway.2 Our study is consistent with these studies. Standardized palatal sensory threshold showed a positive association with AHI when adjusted for age, BMI, and neck circumference (Table 3). However, no difference in the severity of snoring was found between subjects with higher and lower SPST values (Table 2). This may be because the percentage of epochs having > 50% snoring signal was used as a snoring parameter without considering the total number of years for which subjects had snored. Obtaining reliable data on a snoring period is difficult because total snoring years are not remembered correctly by most patients. As a marker for the severity of snoring, in addition, the intensity may be a better one compared to the proportion of snoring time. In our polysomnography system, however, the intensity of snoring could not be evaluated because snoring was measured by nasal pressure transducer, not by microphone or sound level meter, which is a limitation of this study.
Several pathomechanisms that could lead to nerve or sensory receptor injury in the upper airway have been suggested. Airway edematous inflammation, presumably related to repetitive snoring-induced vibration and forceful suction collapse of the upper airway during sleep, could potentially damage the nerve endings in the upper airway mucosa.16,18 Another possible explanation is that nocturnal hypoxemia in OSAS patients may induce peripheral neuropathy. Chronic hypoxemia, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus, is well known to induce peripheral neuropathy.26 Although there is no confirmatory evidence of peripheral neuropathy caused by intermittent hypoxemic condition occurring at night in OSA patients, some studies have provided evidence of peripheral neuropathy in OSA patients.27,28 In a previous case-control study, median nerve conduction was examined in OSA and control subjects. Preischemic sensory and mixed nerve potential amplitudes and sensory conduction velocity were lower in OSA patients than in control subjects, and the severity of peripheral nerve dysfunction was partly related to the level of nocturnal hypoxemia.27 Similarly, in another case-control study, OSA patients had significantly more clinical signs of polyneuropathy than control subjects. Furthermore, the severity of nerve damage was correlated with the percentage of the night time with oxygen saturation below 90%.28 Our study also showed a close relationship between nocturnal hypoxemia and the SPST, indicating that chronic intermittent hypoxemia may play a role in aggravating sensory defects. In addition to differences in the sensory threshold at the uvula, there were also differences in the sensory threshold at a non-collapsible reference area between snorers/ apneic patients and control subjects (Figure 2). These findings could be evidence of hypoxemia-induced neuropathy in OSAS, although further study is required to exclude the possibility that chronic inflammation due to snoring-induced trauma, and not hypoxemia, influenced the non-collapsible area.
The consistent association between SPST and hypoxemia parameters (Table 2) prompted us to try to simplify the diagnosis of nocturnal hypoxemia. According to the dissociation curve of oxyhemoglobin, when blood is 70% to 80% saturated, the partial pressure of oxygen is 40 mm Hg, which is the normal case at capillaries in resting tissues.29 This indicates that oxygen is not efficiently released from hemoglobin and is delivered to the tissues at under 70% to 80% SpO2, which is associated with hypoxemic tissue injury. Thus, we chose a nadir SpO2 < 80% as the criterion for nocturnal hypoxemia in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Consequently, the severity of nocturnal hypoxemia was associated with the level of SPST (Figure 3), and a cutoff level of 0.45 g/mm2 was useful for predicting the existence of nocturnal hypoxemia (nadir SpO2 < 80%) with a sensitivity of 81.3% (Figure 4).
One limitation of this study is that control subjects did not undergo polysomnography. Although no control subjects reported history of witnessed snoring or apnea, some of them might have had undiagnosed snoring or apnea. Additionally, our study design does not provide information whether the sensory dysfunction in the upper airway region is primary or acquired. A longitudinal cohort study on OSA patients with no sensory dysfunction will be needed to prove it. If the sensory dysfunction is acquired, it can possibly be reversible by long-term treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy.
In conclusion, SPST using Semmes Weinstein monofilaments reflected nocturnal hypoxemia and airway occlusion assessed using the modified Muller maneuver. This noninvasive and easy-to-use test may provide a potential tissue marker of the severity of hypoxemia in snorers/OSA patients.
This was not an industry supported study. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
apnea-hypopnea index
body mass index
oxygen desaturation index
obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
palatal sensory threshold
standardized palatal sensory threshold
Sang-Wook Kim and Hyun Woo Park contributed equally to this article.
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The conference will be held against the backdrop of the new external dimension of the reformed Common Fisheries Policy which strengthens the EU's international commitment to addressing overcapacity at a global level.
Commissioner Damanaki said the event would help build momentum on tackling the issue: "Overcapacity continues to jeopardise the sustainability of a global industry and the survival of fish stocks. We need to resume the discussions where the international community left them and this conference is a significant step towards achieving this."
Greek Minister for Agriculture, Rural Development & Food, Athanasios Tsaftaris said: "This conference is the opportune moment to take the discussions on fishing capacity management to the next level. The sustainability of fisheries in the EU and abroad is a key issue which will be amongst the Greek Presidency's priorities."
The conference will be attended by high level representatives from third country governments, Regional Fisheries Management Organisations, EU Member States, as well as Members of European Parliament.
Further information regarding this event, including the link for the web stream of the event, will be made available on the DG MARE website in due course. Any further questions can be directed to: email@example.com


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Samsung Galaxy S III unlocked GSM model may be coming to Best Buy
From the "stranger things have happened" files, there's a couple pictures of a supposed Best Buy computer screen showing order details for the Samsung Galaxy S III -- with the same model designation as the unlocked international version. According to the screens, Best Buy is making shelf space for the Pebble Blu i9300, which is the same model number as the version sold internationally, and the screen notes it is an unlocked GSM version. Of course, the quantity is at zero with none on order, so we're not 100-percent sure what it is we're looking at. We've put some feelers out and have come to find that Best Buy has sold GSM unlocked Samsung Galaxy S II phones in major markets and online, with the same i9100 tag as the ones sold elsewhere in the world. As we find out more, we'll forward it along. In the meantime, hit the Galaxy S III forums to see the original post and join in the discussion.
Thanks, razortaz18!


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I have pride and I am a proud HIV- positive lesbian female. Coming from an ultraconservative Hispanic family, it was a very hard step for me to deal with many issues in my life and be able to speak about them -- or "come out," as they say. I was very confused when I was young -- being sexually abused at the tender age of 3; having someone that was supposed to take care of me, a family member, take away my innocence -- I learned to block things and keep things inside. I never thought I would end up in love and married to a woman! We have been together for four years and she is my everything -- my true soulmate.
I was diagnosed with HIV at a very young age -- I was just turning 18 -- so I only had my mother, who was my rock in the process of dealing with an illness that was killing people very fast. I'd always thought to myself, during this journey of being positive, that my running away from home and joining a gang, the things we had to go through in our home with my father, and then having to tell her that I was HIV positive was just enough for her to handle. I didn't want to give her one more thing to worry about, and tell her: "Mom, I am a LESBIAN also!"
So I just went through life, trying to do what was considered normal, and not give my mother more pain. It was really about her. She has always been so supportive! And I always had my gay friends; she was always very kind to them, but I know that she would've loved to have seen me married and having children.
As time passed and I started getting older, I started working out my own issues -- and I still am! I am a work in progress. :) I came out of the closet, as they say, maybe eight years ago ... but I was still hiding it from my mother, even though mothers KNOW. She is so understanding and loving; I was just afraid to hurt her more! She is like the military: DON'T ASK, DON'T TELL. But when I met my partner, Lisa, I just couldn't hold the happiness and joy I had inside! I felt I had to share it with my mother. By this time I was also coming out of the HIV closet to the whole world, and I was ready and proud. I felt like a butterfly!
So, I went to visit my mother -- as I always do, once a year -- last year. We were on the patio of the house, on a bench. having a talk. I was beating around the bush, and I was like "Mom, I have to tell you something about me ..." and she responded "What? That you are with Lisa?" I said "YES!!! Ohmygod, you knew." She said "Yes!" Wow -- mothers do know you! She told me, as she said to me when I found out I was positive 20 years ago: "I am here for you."
I cried! I am so blessed to have a mother like this, who does not judge me; just loves me, accepts me, prays for me, and is my example for life!
So my pride has to do more with being proud of who I am as a human being.
Love and Light,
Maria T. Mejia
Read more of Time to Show My Face and Take the Stigma Away_, Maria T. Mejia's blog, at TheBody.com._
This article originally appeared in TheBody.com's Pride 2011 special section.


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Mustang MonthlyFeatured Vehicles
1969 Ford Mustang Boss 429 - Bad In Black
KK1220 is one of the first Boss 429s
To the casual observer, the color is the main attraction of Rick Parker's beautifully restored '69 Boss 429 Mustang. Boss 429s look bad in black. But Rick looks at KK1220 with an educated eye knowing the first production Boss 429, job No. 1, was KK1208.
Black has emerged as the most desirable color for Boss 429 collectors, but this '69 is also one of the first sold to the public. Steve Strange's standard reference book, Boss 429: Performance Mustang Style, states: "The first 50 cars built were priority cars, going to preferential dealers, factory-sponsored racers, or any area where the cars could be given exposure."
None of those preferential dealers were in the little hamlet of Parma Heights, Ohio. Rick grew up in Columbus and had not even heard of this small town. Yet KK1220, one of the first Boss 429s built, went to the dealership in Parma Heights, a small town near Cleveland. Truth is often stranger than fiction.
Rick says it hit him that during the early '80s, the Performance Ford Club of America staged a gigantic show at Ricart Ford in Columbus. "Singer Ford in Columbus was also a gigantic Ford dealer," Rick tells us. "They were Boss 429 crazy. And Dick Mashiter Ford was performance crazy. They actually had a performance club." Cars came from all over the nation. This black fastback must have been the Boss 429 he and so many thousands of others ogled year after year at this big show.
"Nobody looked at KK numbers in 1982," Rick says. "People just passed by the car." In other words, the KK number didn't matter or even mean anything at that point. People didn't know they were looking at one of the most unusual and rarest Boss 429s ever built.
Rick opened Signature Auto Classics (SAC) in 1999 when his hobby started consuming the majority of his time. What better way is there to serve your passion for Cobra Jets, Cougars, 427 Galaxies, Shelbys, Fairlanes, Torinos, and Boss Mustangs? On a recent trip to SAC, we spotted 37 such vehicles. A few belong to customers, but most of them belong to Rick. Meanwhile Rick, Larry Marcum, and Doug Klinger restore the factory Ford musclecars in a smaller section of the shop.
Rick generously dispenses information to restorers and collectors; no doubt because he's a collector too. Helping others can lead to car purchases, as it did with KK1220. Rick and the gang at SAC were guiding a customer through a Boss 429 restoration a few years ago. After about a year and a half of work, the restorer was weary of the job.
"One day he called and said, 'I'm done," Rick told us, "' I'm not going to finish it.' So he towed it all the way to Columbus in an enclosed trailer."
Rick bought the Boss, which was a non-roller still on a rotisserie jig. The engine and four-speed had been rebuilt. The body was in red oxide primer. To the neophyte, the car might have looked like a chip shot to restore. However, Boss 429s fall on the exotic side of Mustang restorations. Obviously, the factory smog equipment is hard to find and therefore expensive. Ditto for other unique parts like the air cleaner and its snorkel, the unique battery and caps, and a host of other parts. But Rick and his crew had the expertise to round up the special parts and bring the Boss 429 back to its original factory glory.
"The fun thing about that car is that when it was done, we drove it!" Rick said laughing.
The Boss 429 may rank up there as one of the hobby's most trailered cars. Rick respects pushing restored gems on and off trailers, but he also respects revving the solid-lifter, hemi-headed big-block engine and shifting the four-speed through the gears. You have to keep the fluids running through the car to keep everything in shape, and Rick's cars are more than show worthy because they are run, as Ford intended.
When we arrived to take pictures, he fired up the black Boss and off we went. He says SAC gets a lot of positive feedback from his friends and customers for driving the exotic Mustang. "So many of these cars are restored, and then the owners are afraid to take them on the road. I wouldn't drive it from here to Florida, but it is fun to take out and drive."
Rick doesn't go to extremes. The car's first major show was the 40th Anniversary Mustang Show in Nashville in April 2004. He trailered his part-time driver to the track there and entered it in the Mustang Club of America concours-trailered class. It received a gold award.
We remember the car sitting under the bleachers. Rick was having a great time fielding questions from a steady stream of onlookers. The black-on-black was obviously a big attraction.
Raven Black was one of five Boss 429 colors for '69, in addition to Royal Maroon; Black Jade, which is a dark green; Candyapple Red; and Wimbledon White. The Grabber colors didn't debut until 1970. Rick likes the black color combination, but he's not sure whether it or Black Jade is more rare.
Today people think about the KK number. According to Strange's book, KK1201 through KK1214 were special use vehicles; Job No. 1 was KK1208, used for engine development. Also, of the first 50 built, "Extra care was taken in building these cars to assure proper fit and finish, for they would be given the closest scrutiny by the press and the public." KK1220 is still getting that close scrutiny today.
Editor's note: Rick Parker sold the black Boss 429 after the photography was done for this article. The subsequent owner sold the car for $308,000 at the Russo and Steel collector-car auction last January.


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You are 3 steps away from finding the perfect wallet
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"A beautiful wallet is a true essential, next to your hand bag. At The Little Green Bag you find an extensive collection of many wallets from top brands. The collections of wallets by the Dutch brand Fabienne Chapot consists of beautiful details, such as stars, hearts and logo prints. The sophisticated Smart Little Bag by LouLou Essentiels are also a must have for every fashionista. These wallets have a handy wristband, a little mirror (easy when re-applying your make-up!) and a special compartment for your smartphone. Would you rather have a wallet with a bold touch? Wallets and purses from Cowboysbag and Fred de la Bretonière are perfect for you! No matter what your taste in fashion might be, you always find your perfect wallet at The Little Green Bag.
Have you found your dream wallet? Order it online at The Little Green Bag and enjoy our same day shipping service! Our collection has much to offer. We make it a special gift. Ordering a wallet online has never been this easy and fun!"


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On Saturday, May 12, 2012, David Huffine passed away and will be greatly missed by all who knew him. He was the Camp Ranger at Peaceful Valley Scout Ranch at Elbert, Colorado and had been in that position since 2006. He was appointed the Assistant Camp Ranger in September 2005. We express our sincere condolences to his family, friends and the entire Denver Area Council.
David was an Eagle Scout, member of Order of the Arrow, Cubmaster for Pack 512, Scoutmaster at the 2001 National Jamboree, and recipient of the Silver Beaver award in 1999.
The Denver Area Council has established the David Huffine Campership Fund as a lasting tribute to honor David. David's appreciation of the great outdoors and Peaceful Valley Scout Ranch was always apparent and we know that he would want to ensure that all kids have the opportunity to go to camp.
Anyone wishing to contribute can call the Frederic C. Hamilton Scout Headquarters at 303.455.5522 or contribute online.
Download the David Huffine Campership Fund brochure
Download the David Huffine Memorial Slide Show
David Huffine Memorial Service Photo Album


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Jarome Iginla speaks; Jean-Sebastien Giguere retires; Joe Sakic on Tyson Barrie contract situation
SEDALIA — Good times were had on Thursday morning at Sanctuary Golf Course, host of Joe Sakic's 17th charity event to benefit the Food Bank of the Rockies. Joe and his wife Debbie have done a tremendous job feeding hungry children in Colorado, serving as the primary source of the Food Bank of the Rockies' budget. That's important to note, because without the event itself we wouldn't have been able to collect information on some of Thursday's stories.
Jarome Iginla was among the celebrity golfers and we talked to him about he and his family moving to Colorado since he signed his three-year, $16 million free agent deal with the Avs on July 1, as well as probably beginning the season playing right wing with center Nathan MacKinnon and left wing Gabe Landeskog.
We also talked to former longtime NHL forward Derek Armstrong, the reigning Central Hockey League coach of the year who became unemployed Wednesday with the announcement that the Denver Cutthroats will cease operations for at least a year (video below). And Joe Sakic addressed the Tyson Barrie contract situation, in which Sakic said: "I'm confident he'll be here."


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Man up
Ladies, avert your eyes, or go powder them or something. This is manly stuff about men. Manly men and their respective manly cave dwellings, their hibernation holes, their environments for epic sports memorabilia, poker games, humidor walls and possibly pressed-wildflower collections — who knows what they've got in there. Anyway, to address this macho market, childhood pals (and now manly grown men) Brad Cogswell, of Moraga, and Logan Franey, of Lafayette, just launched Man Cave Authority, a men's home furniture and decor website with products like vintage tin signs from beer companies and Indian Motorcycles, neon sculptures in the shape of eight balls and the latest in team-colored chairs with "tension-control recline."
It's not just products, but design advice and a virtual community, posting pics of "Awesome Man Caves of the Week" each Friday.
And ladies, you can come back now, because you'll be happy to know the man cave concept has, oddly enough, matured, Brad says. "It is one thing to litter a room with memorabilia for your favorite sports team (though we don't question the fandom). We think the most impressive caves are focused on design, layout and slickness," (feng shui, if you will.) See some of the slickness at www.mancaveauthority.com.
The height of selfie hubris
It's not clear how, but three teenagers in China recently bypassed security to climb to the roof — and then even up to the antennae — of Hong Kong's fifth-tallest building, The Center tower. All to take a selfie! Oh, and casually eat bananas, too. Isn't that what everyone does atop a 1,135-foot-tall building?
One of the teens, Daniel Lau, used a wide-angle lens and a "selfie stick" to hold the camera above them. This stunt comes on the heels of a photographer in Brazil scaling the Christ the Redeemer statue for a similar portrait in June. Sounds like a dangerous selfie trend. It's all fun and games until somebody loses his footing. And himself in the process.
Uber hubris
Get ready for Titanic II, and we don't mean the movie. A real replica of the luxury liner that struck an iceberg and sank to the depths of the North Atlantic in 1912 is in the works, sans the iceberg and sinking part, we hope.
Last week, Australian mining billionaire Clive Palmer detailed his plans to build the sequel ship by 2018 and sail it on the same route as the ill-fated journey but making it to New York this time. "We have a specification that is far, far superior than the original Titanic," Palmer said in New York at the project's official launch, according to an Associated Press report. "But, the experience on the ship will be exactly the same." Yikes.
Contact Angela Hill at firstname.lastname@example.com, or follow her on Twitter.com/giveemhill.


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The approach of a 40th birthday makes many of us behave unusually, and it serves as the premise for this Judd Apatow sort-of sequel to Knocked Up. Apatow has taken a couple of characters from his 2007 comedy and created an amusing and bitingly honest comedy about family life in middle age.
As with most Apatow films it's important to be able to handle the prolific use of the F-word but, in this case, it's also necessary to get along with most of his family. Apatow's wife, Leslie Mann, partners Paul Rudd as the flawed, mostly likeable, occasionally annoying married couple, Pete and Debbie.
The story is set in the week they both turn 40. Debbie's in denial and taking the "I'm 38" approach, while Pete is happy to celebrate with a backyard barbecue. Very little goes according to plan; Paul's record label is in financial trouble, Debbie goes on a health kick, and their teenage daughter, Sadie, goes on the attack when the home's wi-fi is shut down.
Rudd and Mann do a great job, and there are some amusing cameos from Jason Segel as a fitness trainer, Albert Brooks as Pete's dad, and veteran musician Graham Parker as himself. Although they are all in danger of being outclassed by a couple of relative amateurs playing the children - Apatow and Mann's kids, Maude and Iris, play 13-year-old Sadie and 8-year-old Charlotte.
The younger sibling is absolutely adorable, while Sadie has her parents' comedic timing, especially when she's having a meltdown and is quite the scene-stealer.
This is 40 is a story about a white middle-class family's dramas, told in an exaggerated manner with a splash of irreverent and crude Judd Apatow magic dust.
It's a little silly, sometimes too pointed, and overly long, but at its heart are perceptive observations about the challenge of long-term relationships, raising a family, and turning 40 - some of which will ring true for many of us.
Stars: 3.5/5
Cast: Paul Rudd, Leslie Mann, Maude Apatow
Director: Judd Apatow
Running Time: 134 mins
Verdict: An amusing, honest, if exaggerated, look at turning 40
- TimeOut


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It's never too late to start getting active. Being fit is
important to everyone. You can benefit from physical activity even if you think
of yourself as "elderly" or you already have conditions such as
osteoarthritis or heart disease. Being more active may
improve your quality of life and can prevent or delay disability.
You can work on all three areas of fitness: aerobic fitness, muscle
strengthening, and flexibility. Follow these general guidelines:
Although many people decrease their exercise as they age,
continuing to exercise has definite benefits.
Exercise has specific health benefits for older adults.
Physical activity does not have to be strenuous. Older
adults can gain significant health benefits with a moderate amount of physical
activity. This can be done in longer sessions of moderately intense activities
(such as walking) or in shorter sessions of more vigorous activities (such as
fast walking or stair-walking).
Exercise caution signs for older adults
When you exercise, you do experience
minor muscle and joint soreness. But other signs may point to something more
serious. Stop exercising if you develop:
CitationsAmerican College of Sports Medicine, et al. (2009). Position stand: Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(7): 1510–1530.
Last Revised:
September 17, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


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Mount Moriah (NV) Climber's Log
Dean - Sep 5, 2015 8:36 amRe: Page got wiped out?
I just saw this entry and thought I'd answer your question (page got wiped out?) Originally, Moriah was a Pete Y. page but he left summitpost and deleted all of his pages. I redid the page as this mountain is one of my favorites. Please feel free to add any 2WD routes that you are aware of. I tried to add what info I had but have only done the western route.
scgrant - Jun 13, 2014 3:02 pm Date Climbed: Jun 12, 2014Mount Moriah
I followed the driving directions for the NW ridge approach and drove the FS road up to about the 9600' level. The road is definitely a 4X4 road but really wasn't all that bad. It did take a while, about 45-50 minutes to drive the 10+ miles. From where you start the hike the route is very straight forward all the way up. The beginning of the hike was very beautiful hiking though flat, green meadows to the base of the peak. From there it is about 1500' of gain in 3/4 mile. Very steep, but decent footing all the way. The views from on top were unbelievable in all directions. Very, very windy on top, but I was fortunate to have clear, blue skies.
jdmorehouse - Jul 29, 2013 2:32 pm Date Climbed: Jul 26, 2013Forest Road 469
The road in was the crux of this climb. A 4x4 road at best, further complicated by recent rains which turned portions of it into pig slop. This was an LVMC climb for one of our member's 50th peak. We took the north ridge to the summit under cloudy skies, but missed the rain coming through, picking it up on the way out. From here a few of us drove over to Wheeler Campground to climb Bald, Wheeler, and Jeff Davis on Sunday.
MoapaPk - Jul 16, 2013 5:59 pmPage got wiped out?
Went up via Hampton Creek in 2007, 5000' gain, was on top by 10AM. Easy route, mostly trail. I'm surprised the 2WD routes aren't covered.
boisedoc - May 13, 2013 10:48 pm Date Climbed: Jul 5, 1999hampton creek
lonely hike. Not a soul to be seen. Trailhead was accessible in a Subaru
mountainhare - Feb 13, 2013 10:08 pm Date Climbed: Sep 15, 2012Brightest Stars Imaginable
Long hike via Hendrys Creek Trail, then across the ridge to the summit rock shelter for an overnight camp. New moon, crystal clear skies, 12000 elevation, it all meant the clearest stars and Milky Way I have ever seen. A long-time dream come true.
aobbard - Sep 14, 2012 11:20 am Date Climbed: Sep 12, 2012Great hike, long (4WD) drive
Just climbed, using Eric Willhite's excellent directions. Hike is great, but starting from Big Canyon T/H, means nearly 2 hours 4WD each way from valley floor- in other words, a titch more time 4WD than walking. A nice alternative would be to camp at the T/H, take the signed trail up onto the Table, explore there before summitting and returning to the T/H via the saddle, as Willhite describes.
BTW, as you drive up out of the valley, first nice campsites are around mile 7.0. (And yes, you really do need 4WD low)
ericwillhite - Jul 30, 2012 3:16 am Date Climbed: Jul 25, 2012Nice Mountain
Arrived at the trailhead at 3:30 a.m. Got a few hours sleep and climbed up at first light. No issues, fun mountain. Moriah Map and Report
badmajick - Apr 21, 2011 12:56 pm Date Climbed: Sep 5, 2011Hendry's Creek
Camped on the plateau, my friends were exhausted from the hike to that point so I didn't want to continue to the summit on my own from the north ridge.
mountaingazelle - Jan 16, 2011 9:34 pm Date Climbed: Sep 12, 2010Mount Moriah
I started from Big Canyon trailhead and followed the northwest ridge the whole way. I really enjoyed hiking in the northern area of the Snake Range.
Dean - Jan 16, 2011 5:12 pm Date Climbed: Oct 20, 2008Great day via NW ridge
On Sep 27, I had closed to within a 600 (linear) feet of the summit when a thunderstorm chased me to safer ground. I returned three weeks later with some friends, Bob B, Duane G and Ken J to finish the job. A great hike on a great day (although windy & cold) with great companions.


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An attorney for several hundred victims of Bernard Madoff's Ponzi scheme says she will ask the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn an appeals court ruling that would limit payments by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation, or SIPC.
A three-judge panel of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in New York on Tuesday upheld the formula developed by Irving Picard, the court-appointed trustee who is liquidating Madoff's firm.
Under the so-called "net equity" formula, investors are compensated based on the amount they invested minus the amount they withdrew. Several investor groups challenged the formula, saying they should receive payments based on the amounts shown on their last statements before Madoff's scheme collapsed in December 2008.
While Picard has recovered roughly half the investor funds in the scam, actual payouts have been delayed because of the litigation. A spokeswoman for Picard called the decision "an important step forward for customers with allowed claims," adding, "We hope that the Court's decision can be the final word on the issue."
But investor attorney Helen Davis Chaitman told CNBC in an email she "absolutely" intends to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
"I represent 850 Madoff victims; net winners, net losers," Chaitman wrote. "All of them are honest Americans who believed in the promise of SIPC insurance and have learned that SIPC is a scam."
Other groups also criticized the ruling. The Network for Investor Action and Protection called it "another blow to small investors who merely relied on the information their broker gave them."
Writing for the panel, Chief Judge Dennis Jacobs acknowledged "the great majority of investors relied on their customer statements for purposes of financial planning and tax reporting, to their terrible detriment."
Jacobs added, "Use of the Last Statement method in this case would have the absurd effect of treating fictitious and arbitrarily assigned paper profits as real and would give legal effect to Madoff's machinations."


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Arkansas Small Business News
Arkansas Small Business Issues
Fight Massive Unemployment Insurance Contribution Increases
High unemployment has put a tremendous financial strain on Arkansas unemployment fund. NFIB will continue to fight to find commonsense solutions to this problem that avoid big cost increases for small businesses.
Protect the limitations established in the Arkansas Tort Reform Act
NFIB/Arkansas will continue to fight any proposal to eliminate the limitations on punitive damages.
Continue to fight the onslaught of anti-business proposals
Whether it takes the form of insurance mandates, software mandates, or paperwork mandates, NFIB will continue to fight for your right to own, operate, and grow your business with as little government intrusion as possible.


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Found 2 resultsAuthor [ Title] Type Year
Filters: Author is Dietze, Michael [Clear All Filters]
Comprehensive ecosystem model-data synthesis using multiple data sets at two temperate forest free-air CO 2 enrichment experiments: Model performance at ambient CO 2 concentration. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 119(5):937-964.. 2014.
A model-data comparison of gross primary productivity: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis. Journal of Geophysical Research. 117(G3). 2012.