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Blood Glucose Testing Delivers Tight Control
When should I test?
Your doctor should discuss with you how often you should test your blood glucose (aka, blood sugar), however, it is very important to test it at least three to four times per day. Testing gives you a good idea of how your body responds to different foods at various times. You should aim to test at least before each meal, and after each meal if possible. Check out the Joslin guide to glucose readings for more information. If you suspect you have low or high blood glucose, you should test immediately.
How will I know if I am doing a good job of maintaining my blood glucose (sugar)?
Every person with diabetes should have an A1C testing when they visit their doctor. The A1C test measures diabetes control over the past three months, which will give your doctor a good idea of how well your diabetes is being controlled. Aim for an A1C reading of 7% or lower.
How do I find the right glucose meter?
There are a lot of different glucose meters that measure your blood glucose. You might want to ask your doctor which one he or she prefers, but otherwise, you'll want to ask the following questions before deciding on a glucose meter:
- Is it easy to use?
- Can I test in the dark (such as in a movie theatre), or, does the glucose meter have a backlight?
- Is it easy to carry?
- Will I be able to download results to my computer?
What's the best way to get a blood sample for a glucose reading?
You'll want to remove a fresh testing strip from the canister and insert it in the glucose meter prior to getting your blood sample. Once you've done this, shake your hands below your waist or massage the finger you're going to use to make it easier to draw blood. Clean hands, or at least swab the skin from which you will draw blood with an alcohol pad so that the area is disinfected. Grip the finger in question and use light to medium pressure using the pen, and then touch the button on the pen to release the lancet. Most modern glucose meters only require a small drop of blood, so don't squeeze too much from your finger, and then apply sample to the testing strip. After applying sample, blot any excess blood with a tissue, but don't swipe it with an alcohol pad—it'll just keep bleeding.
How should I care for my glucose meter?
Your meter is a sensitive instrument, and you'll come to rely on it as a tool to manage your diabetes. Don't expose your meter to extremely high or low temperatures, and keep it clean and free of debris.
What kind of supplies should I bring?
Depending on how large your meter's case is, you can bring anything from some fresh lancets to an extra canister of testing strips inside of your testing case. Most people with diabetes usually have an extra canister on hand if they don't fit in the glucose meter case itself.
When should I have my glucose meter with me?
All the time. It's as simple as that. Become best friends with your glucose meter, and you'll reap the reward of testing your glucose throughout the day: well-controlled diabetes.
Everyone person with diabetes is different, so talk to your doctor about individual goals for blood glucose readings.
Page last updated: November 07, 2019

subset: commoncrawl


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Beaumont/Port Arthur
Dazzling debs ... Feted at a slew of stellar parties over the last several months, the 2010 Symphony League of Beaumont presented the 21 beautiful debutants at the 49th Debutant Ball at the Beaumont Country Club this past Saturday evening. The BCC was decorated from floor to ceiling - Who would expect anything less from ball chair Nicole Saba? - and debs, escorts, family and friends were truly impressed.
I spy ... Friends of the Triangle AIDS Network will host "Paint the Town Red: Shaken, Not Stirred" on Thursday, Nov. 11, at the Beaumont Country Club. The gala - featuring art, auctions, entertainment, dancing and fine dining - is the major annual fundraiser to benefit TAN. This year, an "Evening of International Intrigue" will play homage to James Bond and other famed spies, sleuths and secret agents. Festivities begin with a champagne reception, hors d'oeuvres and silent auction at 6:30 p.m. The live auction begins at 7:15 p.m.
While we harbor no disrespect for the Wall Street Journal who called us "that scrappy little paper from Southeast Texas," we prefer to think of ourselves as simple seekers of the truth. We're of the opinion that headlines and sound bites never tell the whole story. Our readers demand all the facts, facets and flavors of every story or event. And, they expect to be informed, educated and stirred to action.
For this week's New York Times crossword puzzle, pick up a copy of this week's The Examiner on newsstands now.


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Heavily armed Capitol Police officers were near the active shooting scene but told not to step in, according to BBC.
A tactical unit of heavily-armed Capitol Police officers was near the scene of the Washington Navy Yard shooting as it happened, ready and capable of stepping in. But according to multiple sources speaking to the BBC, that unit was ordered to stand down and leave the scene, instead of helping the Municipal Police Department take down the shooter.
The officers, part of a four-man Containment and Emergency Response Team responsible for guarding the nearby Capitol, were "wearing full tactical gear and armed with HK-416 assault weapons" when they arrived near the scene of the then active mass shooting on Monday morning, according to the BBC. Here's what allegedly happened next:
According to a Capitol Police source, an officer with the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD), Washington DC's main municipal force, told the Capitol Cert officers they were the only police on the site equipped with long guns and requested their assistance in searching for the gunman.
When the Capitol Police team radioed in to their superiors, they were told by a watch commander to leave the scene, the BBC was told.
The Capitol Police are pulling radio logs from Monday morning to investigate the incident, according to a spokesperson for the agency, who added that the department provided "mutual support and assistance" in the aftermath of the shooting. Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Terry Gainer told the BBC that "It's a very serious allegation and inference to indicate that we were on scene and could have helped and were told to leave...it crushes me if that's the case." Gainer's position includes oversight of the Capitol Police. Meanwhile, a spokesperson for the MPD told the BBC that the allegations of an initial order to stand down were "not true."


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Back to Infrastructure
Christopher Hawthorne has a largely favorable review of The Infrastructural City in the Los Angeles Times today. I was delighted by the attention although disappointed by how he got tripped up in some naïve assumptions. Unfortunately even though ACTAR had sent him my contact info, Hawthorne rushed his article to press, missing his opportunity to think through the book's main points.
I laughed out loud at Hawthorne's opening lines, in which he suggests that the book would have "a tough time steering clear of the remainder bin" if it weren't for the stimulus package or that I didn't expect that infrastructure would be trotted out as part of the stimulus plan, that I was taken by surprise.
It's true that infrastructure was once the least sexy of topics, a term barely used in English as late as the 1960s, but as Ian Baldwin, my former student at Penn, observed, it spread widely after the publication of America in Ruins, co-authored by economist Pat Choate and Susan Walters. The authors of that report suggested that some $2.5 trillion would be needed just to keep the country's infrastructure functioning at a constant level into the mid-1990s. Infrastructure, as a concept referring to a bundle of physical service networks, became visible in its collapse. That money was, of course, never allocated.
Over the next two decades, infrastructure continued to rise in the public eye, in large part because, as our book points out, it is in a state of constant failure. This is something that virtually all of us experience. Angelenos, navigating over-crowded streets and freeways at a snail's pace, understand it viscerally. We've also come to understand that there are going to be no great new projects: only architects and reporters seem to believe otherwise. The immense expense of construction, empty government coffers, and NIMBYism will take care of that. But the New-Bad-Future-right-now of infrastructure defines our cities today, much as the lifestyles of Banham's ecologies defined the urbanism of his day. As humans and objects interact ever more directly (look at the actor-network theory of Bruno Latour, for example), the lives of these systems become more and more important.
Architects have long been interested in infrastructure. Starting in the Renaissance, copies of Vitrivius's Ten Books on Architecture typically had Frontinus's essay on aqueducts as an appendix. Later on, Piranesi likely drew inspiration from the Cloaca Maxima, the Roman sewer, for his Carceri. Infrastructure is a lost fantasy object, taunting us with the suggestion that those aspects of the city that escaped from architecture could once more be under our purview. In Los Angeles, the avant-garde scene came together at the West Coast Gateway competition of 1989. If the West Coast Gateway project never got built, Gary Paige's reconstruction of an abandoned railway depot into the downtown SCI_Arc building a decade later is the most inspired large project in the city in decades. In designing the building Paige drew on the theories of Stan Allen, now Dean at Princeton, and an advocate of thinking about architecture and urbanism in infrastructural terms. Infrastructure is hardly a topic for the remainder bins, at least not for architects.
As for the stimulus plan: there was certainly some rhetoric last fall suggesting that a new era of WPA projects was upon us, but as I've pointed out, this is hardly the case if one actually looks at what's in the plan, as I did here. Hawthorne isn't a political reporter, so he missed this, but it's crucial and there's on excuse for not doing your homework.
The Obama administration is not spending a significant amount of money on infrastructure. My definition of infrastructure is broad—certainly broader than Hawthorne's—but this plan does not initate much new funding for infrastructure, not unless you count the construction of hospitals (note to unemployed architects: there will be a bit of work building hospitals) or digitizing health care records. The plan is an amalgam of tax cuts bundled with triage for various government programs that were underfunded during the Bush administration. Those are the facts. Whether Obama changed his mind or infrastructure was an easy-to-understand term he deployed as bait, this is by no means the return of the WPA.
Perversely, this may not be a bad thing. Take a look at Eric Janszen's article "The Next Bubble" at Harper's. Back in February of last year, months before the crisis had revealed its full dimensions to the unwary, long before the rhetoric about the stimulus plan, when Hawthorne was still hunting remainder bins looking for books on infrastructure, Janszen cautioned that infrastructure might be the cause of the next bubble.
But the money spent on last fall's bailout, together with the funds allocated for the stimulus plan, pretty much ensures that the government is going to have its fiscal hands tied for some time to come. In other words, the stimulus plan will not only fail to fund further large infrastructural initiatives, it will prevent them from being built in the first place. An infrastructural bubble isn't coming.
Now I do anticipate that in the coming years industry will have some success with getting funds allocated to subsidize construction of supposedly sustainable energy sources. Most of these aren't sustainable either environmentally or financially, and once the economy shifts again, the results may look something like this abandoned solar energy plant built in the early 1980s, then dismantled and left to rot like a field of dying date palm trees when the financial models failed.
[Image via CLUI's Land Use Database]
The real infrastructure to watch will be the network. It'll continue its growth, the invisible layer of soft infrastructure exerting more and more influence over our lives even as it becomes more distributed and more privatized. As Rick Miller and Ted Kane point out in their chapter on mobile phones, it is by no means positive that the public interest has been placed in the hands of private interests. This is a challenge that the country needs to confront and I see little political will to do so. Hawthorne's failure to mention it suggests that it's still beyond the scope of a story in a Sunday paper. That's a shame.
The end of Hawthorne's piece is flat-footed. Instead of confronting the consequences of our conclusions, he appeals to the fantasy of infrastructure as the next architectural object, trotting out the idea that architects need to be involved in the design of the new infrastructural America.
In the unlikely event that somehow a burst of hard infrastructure takes place, I hardly think that this will save architecture. Why would a cash-strapped government pay for design now when it has never done so before? You could say that the great turning point in infrastructure is took place at the George Washington bridge when the engineers decided it looked fine as it was and decided not to give it a stone cladding. But we're not even brave enough for that today. The palm tree on our cover says it all: a cell phone tower is not designed by Frank Gehry, it is designed to look like a palm tree. Now we're probably the better for it: the host of architect-designed subway stations in Los Angeles were largely an embarrassment. If by some miracle architects get on board with infrastructure, NIMBYism will make sure that new infrastructure would look even more contextual. Imagine the rise of cell phone trees disguised as mission bells throughout Los Angeles, hardly what any of us want.
I was happy to see Hawthorne finish his article with a pot-shot at the architect-as-icon. It's nice that is trickling down. But Hawthorne doesn't go far enough with his recommendations for the profession. Please save us from OMA-designed off-shore wind farms. Architecture needs to re-invent itself in the face of the challenges of contemporary life. As Hawthorne suggests, architects need to take a page from engineers and embrace anonymity. More than that, they need to apply their tremendous imaginations and skill to reprogramming the world of network culture into something new and fantastic. Go read bldgblog, look back at what Andrea Branzi and Bernard Tschumi wrote decades ago: these guys had it right. Now more than ever commonplace thinking about architecture's role will be fatal.
In the coming week, I'll follow up with a post containing my piece from Volume Magazine's "bootleg" issue of Urban China in which I draw together the links between the book and the economic stimulus plan and suggest some more directions.
bldg blog = blch
Great post. But the ending...Do we have to read Bldg Blog to save architecture? Can we just read you — please? I just cannot read a blog by someone who celebrates the "feral" landscape of post-crash USA, while working for Dwell by day (a magazine that helped fuel the pre-crash boom). That "Bldg" dude is the Jeff Koons of architecture theory (and that's not a compliment). HIS book is destined for the remainder bin, not yours.
on buildings and blogs
Thanks for the kind words! I've come to see Bldgblog as a useful corrective the latest pseudo-garde trend in our field. Not only is Geoff a loyal suppporter, the cyberpunk in me can't resist the image of an abandoned Dubai roamed by wild dogs and Tamil tigers in hiding or Ordos inhabited by goats. I like the idea of architecture fiction, which Bruce Sterling has developed and I think bldgblog is part of that. As for Dwell, well we all have to work and so does Geoff. Now if you cross Dwell modernism with feral dogs then I think it gets interesting. The Kaufmann house becomes a perfect crystal meth lab once you board up all the windows. But you're welcome to read what you like and I appreciate your support. As for bldgs and blogs (you can imagine that I have much more to say about the topic than just focussing on one Web site), I'll be talking about blogitecture at a mini-symposium at MIT later this term, so I hope we can talk about such things then.
on Obama's logos
Somehow I missed the part of Hawthorne's review where he slams Obama's logos. Michael Bierut, the great graphic designer who worked with us on the Philip Johnson Tapes, gave much more thought to Obama's branding campaign and came away with a very different conclusion. See here.
There are also lots of
There are also lots of opportune moments rising in terms of tapping into whatever that infrastructure cash allocation might be.
Unfortunately, contenders are the same old usual suspects trying to stay relevant. I e-mailed you a few weeks ago, one of the speeches lamenting the boutique deal makers. Love your urbanists.;.)
Los Angeles is such a place, where old fashion architectural journalism thrives hand in hand with ikona-architects and their larger community of favored children.
It is a silly ass city still believes in useless beautification and sinister servicing of 5% low income allocation behind the last decade's expanded metal screen detailing come shot photos etc...
Still, I give Hawthorne more credibility than many others in the big press.
The usual suspects are
The usual suspects are trotting out the same old plans that didn't come to fruition in 1989. Why would they happen today if they didn't happen then? Either hubris blinds them to the implausibility of their plans or they hope to get more lucrative consulting fees to keep their practices afloat. I hate to say it, but I was glad to leave L. A. Tilting at windmills is too tiring after a while. I'm glad to finally be in a community that isn't intimidated by intelligent thought.
Oh and I completely agree about Hawthorne, he is way better than most.
lucky you for getting out!
lucky you for getting out! but you can really never, and I am glad you keep in touch...
we also have a mayor now, who is so desperate for anything and would even show up with his press people, if you notified him with your "La Mancha mini mall" corner stoning ceremony.
What could be a better photo-op than a visual allure of architectural models and renderings, wall to wall, showing some transportation hubs and "shade" structures galore?
Blogs will buzz! Politician and his visionaries. A textbook scene.
You are right, LA have a way to eat all that up and spit it out somewhere around El Segundo.
There much more hidden in LA, along with antennas and such.
If the economy doesn't pick up, I suspect and concern about large scale uprisings come this summer heat.
Temperature rising could be Obama's biggest challenge yet!
Let's be fair...
"Los Angeles is such a place, where old fashion architectural journalism thrives hand in hand with ikona-architects and their larger community of favored children.
It is a silly ass city still believes in useless beautification and sinister servicing of 5% low income allocation..."
The above quote describes New York too, as well as every major city in the US and perhaps Europe as well. It's not an "Only in LA" thing. Intelligent, critical thought died *everywhere* in architecture over the past decade or more and I don't believe it's going to come back just because people are broke now. And who is to say that if we do enter into a time where architects think before they do that it will lead to any sort of improvement-the last recession just led us into this vacuous boom.
And with that, I think I may have become even more of a pessimist than Mr. Varnelis himself!
>And with that, I think I may
>And with that, I think I may have become even more of a pessimist than Mr. Varnelis himself!
Not possible!
But I agree. Criticism is in dire straits.
On the other hand, at least I can teach at a school where I'm proud of—not embarrassed by—the director.


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Home > Patients & Visitors > Health Library > Childbirth: Pudendal and Paracervical Blocks
To relieve pain associated with the second (pushing) stage of labor, an injection called a pudendal block can be given through the vaginal wall and into the pudendal nerve in the pelvis, numbing the area between the vagina and anus (perineum). Pudendal blocks do not relieve the pain of contractions.
A pudendal block works quickly, is easily administered, and does not affect the baby. It is given shortly before delivery. But it cannot be used if the baby's head is too far down in the birth canal (vagina).
An injection of pain medicine into the tissues around the cervix is called a paracervical block. A paracervical block is another form of local anesthesia. It reduces the pain caused by contractions and stretching of the cervix. A paracervical block lasts about 1 to 2 hours.
Sometimes the baby's heartbeat can slow down after a paracervical block is done. Paracervical blocks are rarely done today, because epidural anesthesia is more effective.
Current as of: May 29, 2019
Author: Healthwise StaffMedical Review: Kathleen Romito, MD - Family MedicineAdam Husney, MD - Family MedicineJohn M. Freedman, MD - Anesthesiology
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Medical Review:Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & John M. Freedman, MD - Anesthesiology
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If I ran a top-down corporate structure
and an underling walked into my office with a plan to fire the guy directly below him but mandate that his successor retain the person below that level, I would've fired the guy for presenting such a cockamamie idea.
Instead, George McCaskey endorsed Ted Phillips' cockamamie idea.
The Bears rookie chairman supported the cockamamie idea at the Tuesday news conference to explain that the general manager was done, but the guy below him is golden, and every GM candidate had better understand that he must check his authority at the door and his vision is what Lovie Smith tells him it is.
Say this for Phillips: He sounded authoritative and confident while answering questions about his cockamamie idea for hiring a general manager.
But still, a cockamamie idea is still a cockamamie idea.
By denying the new GM the customary and important exercise of selecting his own coach to execute his vision --- this is all kinds of stupid and I haven't even finished the sentence --- you've placed half of the GM's greatest chance at success in a blind trust.
By empowering an employee lower on the food chain, the Bears have neutered the supposedly higher-ranking executive to a large degree. Neutered his leadership and neutered the Bears' choices. Neutered his progress and neutered the variety of ways the Bears might succeed.
By forcing the new guy to agree with Smith's philosophy, the Bears have negated even the consideration of changing the Bears' defensive scheme. A talent evaluator who has been feeding a successful 3-4 defense would be told that his ideas are not wanted by the Bears because a coach who has missed the playoffs four times in the last five years has other thoughts.
To paraphrase Groucho, I wouldn't want to hire a candidate dumb enough to take the job with those restrictions.
But I understand why Phillips might want exactly that kind of GM. Perhaps Phillips figures that anyone dumb enough to take the job under these conditions also isn't smart enough to out-politick him in the strange and screwed-up hallways in Lake Forest.
Good survival instincts. Bad corporate execution. Bad football thinking.
This should've been the easiest news conference for the Bears to win since Michael McCaskey was bucked down to just son. The Bears were ridding themselves of a GM who would be hard-pressed to find manure at Arlington Racecourse. That was a gimme news conference.
And yet, the Bears lost the news conference. Lost it because of a cockamamie plan.
Is Phillips really this dumb? Is the new McSon this dumb?
That's one conclusion. It's valid based on the history of this often embarrassing organization.
But there is another conclusion: Maybe Phillips and McCaskey had to play it that way because Virginia McCaskey wanted to retain Smith.
Everyone seems to tell the same story: The Bears matriarch is very fond of Smith as a person and a coach.
Latest Sports
If past is prologue, she is not someone to be trifled with. Virgnia and her late husband, Ed, also were fond of Dave McGinniss, who was announced as the new coach by Michael McCaskey, except McGinnis had agreed to nothing and promptly left town.
Virginia let her goofball son hire Dick Jauron, then she sent him to his room without dessert. Phillips was installed as team president and chief executive officer.
The woman can make hard decisions. The woman can discipline her kids, no matter how old they are. That can be pretty intimidating for family and co-opted sons such as Phillips alike.
Virginia likes Smith. Phillips and the new McSon saw what happened before. Maybe I'm connecting the wrong dots, but there has to be something to explain a general manager search that is weapons-grade stupid.


text: Important Safety Information Patients should always discuss the potential risks and benefits of the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System with a physician. INDICATIONS FOR USE The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System is intended to provide electrical stimulation of the retina to induce visual perception in blind patients. It is indicated for use in patients with severe to profound retinitis pigmentosa who meet the following criteria: Adults, age 25 years or older. Bare light or no light perception in both eyes. (If the patient has no residual light perception, then evidence of intact inner layer retina function must be confirmed.) Previous history of useful form vision. Aphakic or pseudophakic. (If the patient is phakic prior to implant, the natural lens will be removed during the implant procedure.) Patients who are willing and able to receive the recommended post-implant clinical follow-up, device fitting, and visual rehabilitation. The Argus II implant is intended to be implanted in a single eye, typically the worse-seeing eye. CONTRAINDICATIONS Ocular diseases or conditions that could prevent the Argus II System from working (e.g. optic nerve disease, central retinal artery or vein occlusion, history of retinal detachment, trauma, severe strabismus, etc.). Ocular structures or conditions that could prevent the successful implantation of the Argus II Implant or adequate healing from surgery (e.g. extremely thin conjunctiva, axial length 26 mm, corneal ulcers, etc.). Ocular diseases or conditions (other than cataracts) that prevent adequate visualization of the inner structures of the eye (e.g. corneal opacity, etc.). Inability to tolerate general anesthesia or the recommended antibiotic and steroid regimen associated with the implantation surgery. Metallic or active implantable device(s) (e.g. cochlear implant) in the head. Any disease or condition (e.g. significant cognitive decline, etc.) that prevents understanding or communication of informed consent, fitting of the Argus II System, or post-operative follow-up. A pre-operative psychological evaluation may be recommended to confirm the patient is not contraindicated based on this criterion. Predisposition to eye rubbing. WARNINGS Failure to follow the recommended surgical procedure for implanting the Argus II Implant may increase the risk of adverse events and damage to the implant. Individuals implanted with an Argus II Implant should not undergo short wave or microwave diathermy. High currents induced in the implant electrodes can cause tissue damage or serious injury. Diathermy may also cause permanent damage to the implant. Individuals implanted with an Argus II Implant should not undergo electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as ECT may cause tissue damage or permanent damage to the implant. If lithotripsy or high output ultrasound must be used, do not focus the treatment beam near the Argus II Implant. Exposure of the Argus II Implant to these therapies may harm the patient or damage the implant. The Argus II Implant has been classified as an MR Conditional device. Individuals with an Argus II Implant may undergo a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure ONLY if it is performed using a 1.5 or 3.0 Tesla MRI System and ONLY following the MRI Instructions provided later in this insert. Individuals with an Argus II Implant should not enter a room housing an MRI System that has a rating other than 1.5 or 3.0 Tesla, even if the Argus II System is not being used. The external equipment (i.e. VPU and glasses) should remain outside the MR system room, as severe harm to people in the MR system room could occur. If any pain is experienced during the MRI procedure the patient should be instructed to notify the technician immediately. The Argus II System may interfere with the operation or accuracy of medical monitoring, diagnostic or life support equipment. Do not use the Argus II System within 3 feet of this type of equipment. If interference occurs, turn off the Argus II VPU or extend the distance between yourself and the affected equipment. Do not use monopolar electrosurgical equipment in individuals with an Argus II Implant. Monopolar electrosurgical equipment may cause damage to the implant or to tissue surrounding the implant. PRECAUTIONS In the event of any undesirable sensation when using the Argus II System (for example, pain), immediately halt operation of the system by removing the Argus II Glasses or turning off the Argus II VPU. At any time after implantation, Argus II patients have a risk of conjunctival complications which, if left untreated, may result in conjunctival erosion which could lead to endophthalmitis. Argus II recipients should be vigilant in reporting any new symptoms of foreign body sensations, tearing and/or pain promptly to their eye care professional. Long-term professional monitoring for late conjunctival issues is necessary. The long-term effects of chronic electrical stimulation are unknown. Such effects may include deterioration of the retina or optic nerve. These effects may lead to deterioration of residual native vision and/or visual response to the Argus II System and could preclude subsequent replacement of the Argus II Implant with another retinal implant. Individuals with an Argus II Implant should only use a VPU that has been specifically programmed for them by their clinician or Second Sight personnel. Use of a different VPU may be ineffective in providing visual information and may cause physical discomfort from overstimulation. To avoid unsafe stimulation, do not use a VPU configured for Operating Room use for anything other than pre-implantation testing, testing during implantation, or initial fitting testing. Individuals with an Argus II Implant should avoid physical impact or extreme direct pressure to the eye as this may result in eye trauma, movement or damage to the Argus II Implant. If this occurs, consult your physician. Individuals with an Argus II Implant should avoid eye rubbing as this may dislodge the implant or cause eye irritation. Individuals with an Argus II Implant should continue to use their other mobility aids (e.g. canes, dogs, etc.) at all times. Use of the Argus II System during pregnancy and nursing has not been evaluated. Precautions Regarding Other Medical Procedures General Information (applicable to all procedures) Individuals needing to undergo any of the procedures listed below, should inform his or her doctor about the existence of a retinal prosthesis in the eye. The doctor should contact Second Sight at 1-818-833-5060 for more information. Before having any medical or test procedure that involves the use of other medical equipment, individuals with an Argus II Implant should remove the Argus II Glasses and VPU. Once the procedure is complete, that individual should have the Argus II Implant tested as soon as possible to make sure it is still functioning properly. Damage to the implant may not be immediately detectable. Information about Specific Procedures Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – Refer to the Warnings section above and the MRI Information section below for more information about MRI. The use of laser, phacoemulsification, or fragmatome may damage the Argus II Implant. If these procedures must be used in an implanted eye, do not direct the laser beam at the implant. Extra caution should be used when performing these procedures intraocularly as visualization of the implant may be obscured. The use of bipolar electrosurgical equipment may damage the Argus II Implant. Use caution when using this equipment near the implant. CT Scans or Diagnostic Ultrasound may be performed in individuals with an Argus II Implant. However, if a scan or ultrasound is performed in the region where the Argus II Implant is located, the implant may create an image artifact making the scan unreadable in this region. Use of defibrillators or therapeutic ionizing radiation to the head may permanently damage the Argus II Implant. However, this should not preclude or change the way in which these treatments are delivered. The Argus II Implant should be tested by a qualified clinician or Second Sight personnel as soon as possible following the procedure or defibrillator activation to confirm that it is still functioning properly. Damage to the implant may not be immediately detectable. The effects of cobalt treatment and linear acceleration techniques on the implant are unknown. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Electromagnetic interference is a field of energy (electrical, magnetic, or both) created by equipment found in public environments that may be strong enough to interfere with the normal operation of the Argus II System. The Argus II System meets international standards for electromagnetic compatibility and is designed to continue to operate in a "safe mode" in the presence of any electromagnetic interference which would normally be encountered during every day use of the Argus II System. It is important to note, however, that in certain circumstances, electromagnetic interference could cause the following: Serious injury. Exposure of the implant to EMI may result in the implant heating and damaging nearby retinal tissue. See "Warnings" . Damage to the Argus II implant. Damage to the implant may require replacement, or result in loss of, or irreversible change in the performance of the Argus II System. See "Warnings" . Unexpected Turning off of the Argus II VPU. EMI may cause the VPU to turn off unexpectedly. Interruption of Stimulation. EMI may cause a momentary interruption of stimulation. Argus II System users should be advised that upon entering an environment which maybe causing interference with the Argus II System, they should move away from the equipment or object thought to be causing the interference, if possible, turn off the equipment or object causing the interference, tell the equipment operator or the doctor what happened and, if they continue to experience interference or think that the Argus II System is not working as well as it did before they encountered the interference, to contact their doctor. Possible Interference with Other Electronic Devices Theft or metal detectors (such as those located in entrances to public buildings and department stores) and airport or security screening devices may temporarily interrupt Argus II stimulation if the Argus II System is used within 1 yard (0.9 meters) of them. Normal operation will resume when you move away from these items. When possible, it is best to avoid these devices or turn the VPU off when passing through these systems. Individuals with an Argus II Implant should show their ID card to any attendant in the area who may be able to assist them in bypassing the devices. If unavoidable, walk through the scanner and promptly move away from the area. Do not lean on these scanners or linger in their path. Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) systems, EAS Tag Deactivators, and Radiofrequency identification (RFID) systems may temporarily interrupt Argus II stimulation if the Argus II System is used within 3.5 yards (3.2 meters) of them. Normal operation will resume when you move away from these items. RFID systems and EAS systems and tag deactivators send out energy fields that wirelessly communicate with tags that are attached to objects such as merchandise, materials and people. These systems are used for security, theft prevention, tracking and inventory control and they are usually found in retail stores, libraries, government buildings, warehouses and offices. For example, security tags attached to clothing contain RFID tags. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) may interfere with normal operation or cause damage to the electrical components of the Argus II System. Common situations that create static electricity include putting on or removing clothes, or dragging feet across a carpet or rug when there is less than 30% relative humidity. Care should be taken to avoid handling the VPU and glasses when static electricity is present. The Argus II System may interfere with the normal operation of some models of hearing aids. Hearing aids should be tested prior to implantation, to ensure proper functioning of both the Argus II System and the hearing device. Some home appliances (for example, microwaves) and some devices with antennae (for example, cell phones, and cordless phones) may temporarily interrupt Argus II stimulation if the Argus II System is being used near them. The Argus II System operates using wireless technology which could interfere with the safe operation of an airplane. Patients should not turn on the Argus II System on an airplane. Commercial electrical equipment (such as arc welders, induction furnaces or resistance welders), communication equipment (such as microwave transmitters, linear power amplifiers and high-power amateur transmitters), high voltage lines, power lines or generators, electric steel furnaces, or large magnetized speakers may temporarily interrupt Argus II System function. Normal operation will resume when you move away from these items. Air Travel, General Travel and International Use CAUTION: The Argus II System operates using wireless technologies that could interfere with the safe operation of an airplane and should not be turned on or used on an airplane. When travelling and not using the Argus II System, individuals should be advised to store the external equipment in the travel case. International travel may require the use of adapters to be able to plug the VPU battery charger into an electrical outlet. Individuals with the Argus II System should be advised to both bring their patient identification card with them to assist in going through security systems and to turn off the VPU. If individuals with the Argus II System are experiencing any medical complications before traveling, they should be advised to speak with a doctor to determine if it is safe for them to travel, especially on a plane. They also may wish to obtain the name of a local ophthalmologist, in the event of any complications during their travels. Precautions in the Event of Change in Device Performance If there is a notable change in performance with the Argus II System, the patient should contact his or her clinician for assistance. A visit to the clinic for troubleshooting, diagnostic tests, or re-programming may be required. ADVERSE EVENTS Adverse events related to the device, therapy or surgical procedure can include: 360° Circumferential vitreous band traction, Choroidal detachment, choroidal effusion, conjunctival congestion, conjunctival cyst, conjunctival dehiscence, conjunctival erosion, conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion, corneal dryness, corneal epithelial defect, corneal filaments, corneal fold, corneal melt, corneal opacity, corneal suture broken, corneal vascularization, decrease in light perception, elective revision surgery, endophthalmitis, epiphora, epiretinal membrane, fibrosis around the tack, filamentary keratitis, foreign body sensation, headache, high intraocular pressure, hyphema, hypotony, keratic precipitates, keratitis, nausea, nystagmus increase, ocular fibrin, ocular inflammation, ocular pain, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, ptosis, re-tack, retinal detachment, retinal folds, retinal tear, retinal thickening (with or without cystic changes), Retinoschisis, Rubeosis, scleral patch displacement, Scleritis, subconjunctival eyelashes, suture irritation, uveitis, vertigo, and vitreous hemorrhage. HUMANITARIAN DEVICE: Authorized by Federal (U.S.) law to provide electrical stimulation of the retina to induce visual perception in blind patients with severe to profound retinitis pigmentosa and bare light or no light perception in both eyes. The effectiveness of this device for this use has not been demonstrated. Rx Only: Federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician.


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Exit Interview with Sheila Bair
Sunday's New York Times Magazine has an interesting exit interview with Sheila Bair, who until this past Friday served as Chair of Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC). While I haven't always been her biggest fan, I did find it refreshing to hear a bank regulator state the obvious: we should have let Bear Stearns fail. As she puts it:
Bear Stearns was a second-tier investment bank, with — what? — around $400 billion in assets? I'm a traditionalist. Banks and bank-holding companies are in the safety net. That's why they have deposit insurance. Investment banks take higher risks, and they are supposed to be outside the safety net. If they make enough mistakes, they are supposed to fail.
I'd be hard-pressed to say it better. Assisting the sale of Bear to JP Morgan created the expectation that anyone larger, like Lehman, would be assisted as well. Perhaps the most interesting part of the interview is that Bair gets right to the heart of the matter: the treatment of bondholders. "Why did we do the bailouts?" Bair states "It was all about the bondholders." Again she couldn't be more correct. If there was anything Dodd-Frank should have fixed it was this, ending the rescue of bondholders and injecting market discipline back into bank. It is also refreshing to hear her admit: "I don't think regulators can adequately regulate these big banks, we need market discipline. And if we don't have that, they're going to get us in trouble again."
Where I disagree, besides her misguided take on mortgage re-sets, is whether Dodd-Frank will actually impose losses on bondholders. Bair expresses some optimism that such is the case, but there are just too many holes in Dodd-Frank to make that believable. Plus you pretty much have the same set of rules in place for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, yet the last time I checked the bondholders are still being protected at the expense of the taxpayer. If we don't impose losses on Fannie creditors, even now after the panic, what makes anyone think we will do so to Citibank. Section 204 of Dodd-Frank is quite clear that the FDIC indeed retains the power to rescue creditors. Something that Bair was willing to do during the crisis, even if pushed to do so by Tim Geithner. Despite some errors, the interview is really a worthwhile read and has some real lessons for avoiding the next financial crisis.


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Randy Seaver at Genea-Musings has another Saturday Night Genealogy Fun Challenge. He says…
Hey genea-addicts, it's Saturday Night – time for more Genealogy Fun!
Your mission, should you decide to accept it (and I hope that all of you do!), is to:
1) Read Michael John Neill's post 10 Signs You Have Genealogy OCD (come on, give Michael some link love).
2) Make up any number of sentences that will add to his list of signs that you have Genealogy OCD. From one to many, no limit!
3) Share your ingenuity and humor with us in your own blog post, in Comments to this post, in comments to Michael's post, or in a comment on Google Plus or Facebook.
My input:
When the height of your week is finding a new cemetery tucked away somewhere down a back road, and your family and friends know that a "Saturday picnic" is just an excuse to spend all afternoon exploring said burial ground.
When you have to resist the temptation to put a tiny (very tiny) note on a Client's research report saying "warning, may contain traces of nuts" 🙂
When you notice an obscure name (Auchmuty, for example) on a website somewhere and you are convinced you MUST be related somehow. You fire off an email and then get hugely frustrated when there is no equally enthusiastic response, within the hour.
All your old photos have neat notations on the back in pencil identifying faces, dates and possible places, are stored in Archival boxes and have been faithfully scanned and backed up. The more recent photos showing living relatives have nothing on the back and live in old polythene bags in a drawer. You justify this by thinking that everyone in those pics can still remember who they are.
GOCD has been a recognised disease since approximately a year after I started on my genealogy, and recognised it in myself. It's apparently widespread throughout the world, judging by the blogs I read.
🙂 Jo


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The Supremes
- Diana Ross
- Florence Ballard
- Mary Wilson
Motown's first and most commercially successful girl group.
They Supremes were more of a women group than a girl group. Beautiful, glamorous and mature, the Supremes were so popular that they rivaled even the Beatles.
The Supremes rose from the poverty of Detroit's Brewster housing project to become Motown's most consistent hitmakers and the most popular female group of the Sixties.
The Supremes sang in a polished style that bridged the worlds of pop and soul. Their greatest success came with songs tailor-made for them by Motown's peerless in-house writing and production team of Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier and Eddie Holland (see "Holland-Dozier-Holland"). Under the watchful eye of Motown founder Berry Gordy, the partnership between the Supremes and Holland-Dozier-Holland yielded an astounding run of Number One hits at mid-decade. In June 1965 they set a record for the most consecutive Number One hits by an American group when "Back in My Arms Again" rose to the top of the Billboard singles chart. The other hits in that streak were "Where Did Our Love Go," "Baby Love," "Come See About Me" and "Stop! In the Name of Love."
This milestone is all the more impressive because it occurred at the height of the British Invasion—a period when beat groups from abroad otherwise ruled the charts. The Supremes were America's ingénues, exuding a stylish charm and soulfulness that appealed across the board to black and white listeners at a time when racial divides were coming down. Known in-house as Motown's "sweethearts," Berry Gordy saw the potential in them from the beginning. "All three girls had qualities so unique I'd often think: 'If they could make us feel the way we do, what could they do to the world at large?'" he wrote in his autobiography, To Be Loved. The answer to that question is that not only did the Supremes come to epitomize the Motown sound, they earned a place in music history as singers and showgirls whose popularity in the Sixties was second only to the Beatles'.
The members of the Supremes—Diana Ross, Florence Ballard and Mary Wilson—first came together in a quartet, the Primettes, that had been recruited by singer Paul Williams as a sister act to his locally popular Detroit group, the Primes (later known as the Temptations). After persistently showing up at Motown's "Hitsville" headquarters after school, the Supremes were signed to the label in January 1961. The group was slow to find its footing, enduring several years of flop singles before finally clicking with "When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes" (Number Twenty-Three) in late 1963. After that, it was off to the races for the Supremes, who amassed a dozen Number One hits between the years of 1964 and 1969. In addition to the aforementioned singles, the Supremes' other chart-toppers were "I Hear a Symphony," "You Can't Hurry Love," "You Keep Me Hangin' On," "Love Is Here and Now You're Gone," "The Happening," "Love Child" and "Someday We'll Be Together."
The Supremes successfully made the transition from grueling one-nighters on Motown's bus caravans to the upscale world of nightclubs like the Copacabana, where the group performed a much-ballyhooed engagement in the summer of 1965. By 1967 the group had officially amended its name to Diana Ross and the Supremes, an acknowledgment of lead singer Ross's rising star. That same year, Florence Ballard left the group and was replaced by Cindy Birdsong. The late Sixties saw the Supremes recording material with a socially conscious edge, such as "Love Child."
Ross left the Supremes to launch a successful career as a solo recording artist and movie star, making her mark in films like The Wiz (1978), Lady Sings the Blues (1972) and Mahogany (1975). Her final appearance with the group occurred at the Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas on January 14, 1970. She was replaced by Jean Terrell, and the Supremes' hitmaking streak continued with such songs as "Up the Ladder to the Roof" and "Stoned Love." The trio continued to perform and record into the Seventies, with founding member Mary Wilson keeping the name and the music alive. Later members included Scherrie Payne (who replaced Jean Terrell) and Susaye Greene and Lynda Laurence (who took Cindy Birdsong's place).
The Supremes gave their final performance at London's Drury Lane on June 12, 1977, at which point Wilson disbanded the group and retired the name. Ballard died of cardiac arrest in 1976, after falling on hard times. In the early Eighties, the Supremes' rags-to-riches life story was turned into a successful Broadway musical, Dreamgirls.
Inductees: Florence Ballard (born June 30, 1943, died February 22, 1976), Diana Ross (born March 26, 1944), Mary Wilson (born March 6, 1944)


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Students seeking to transfer earned credits should be aware that policies at some traditional colleges and universities have not kept pace with the mobility of today's students. Some universities accept academic credits or degrees only from institutions that are regionally accredited, even though the U.S. Department of Education (USDE) and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) have endorsed the principle that transfer of credit should not be denied solely on the basis of source of institutional accreditation. This Guide addresses the subject of credit transfer; however, the information may also apply to getting a degree accepted by another institution for the purpose of admission to a higher degree level.
The Department of Education and CHEA recognize some national accreditors, as well as the regional accrediting agencies. That recognition is the primary authority by which accrediting agencies review, scrutinize and endorse the integrity and quality of educational institutions.
Accepting credits earned at another institution is the prerogative of the receiving institution. No college, school or accrediting agency can require another institution to accept in transfer credit earned somewhere else. Even when the sending institution is accredited by the same agency as the receiving school, there is no guarantee credits will transfer.
The decision on whether or not to accept your academic credit could be made by the chairperson of the department, a faculty transcript review committee, an individual faculty member, an admissions officer or other college official. Factors that affect the willingness to accept academic credit in transfer may be in the institution's catalog, and include:
Residency requirements. Most colleges require a student to complete a specific number of credits at their institution in order to be awarded a degree by them.
Appropriateness of course content. The course should align with the college's degree program. Some courses may not be relevant to the degree that is sought, regardless of the rigor or content of the course. Also, the content of the course should compare favorably with the materials and topics covered in the college's degree curriculum. Students seeking to transfer academic credit should be prepared to discuss how their completed coursework covers the topics required in the college curriculum. Evidence would include copies of work completed, or a copy of a syllabus or study guide for the course. Official transcripts sent from the college of origin to the receiving college also may be required
Appropriate academic level. Acceptance of credit also depends on the transferring student's academic standing and the level of course material studied. Remedial and developmental courses probably are not generally transferable. Satisfactory grades for the courses completed are also required in most cases.
Accreditation and educational quality. In the U.S., the two entities that grant authority through recognition to national and regional accrediting agencies are the U.S. Department of Education (USDE) and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). Many traditional colleges and universities in the U.S. are accredited by a regional accrediting agency. Many college or schools offering applied education programs are accredited by national accrediting agencies, including ACICS. All accrediting agencies recognized by the USDE are deemed to be reliable authorities on institutional quality and integrity. The USDE makes no distinction between national or regional accreditors regarding their reliability in ensuring institutional quality.
Filing an Appeal
If the institution will not accept your credits because it only accepts credits from regionally accredited institutions, you may request a review of the decision. Request a copy of the institution's appeal process.
If the receiving institution is a member of the CHEA, advise the institution that CHEA publishes a "Joint Statement on Transfer and Award of Academic Credit" which recommends that quality, comparability, appropriateness and applicability be applied when considering transfer of credit. CHEA states that "transfer decisions are not made solely on the source of accreditation of a sending program or institution." CHEA's policy has been endorsed by the regional accrediting agencies.
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Borough Code
**The latest edition of the Borough Code became effective June 17, 2014.
Act 37 of 2014/Title 8 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes
Click here to read a summary of changes.
The "new Borough Code" is the result of many years of input from borough officials, committee members reviewing each section, assistance from the Local Government Commission, and assessment by the General Assembly.
The new Borough Code (Act 37 of 2014) is available online below. You can search these documents by hitting "Control" and "F" on your keyboard and entering a search word.
Click here to download the entire Borough Code in a Word document.
Click here to download the entire Borough Code in a PDF format.
Click here to access the Borough Code in HTML.
Click here to read the Executive Summary of HB 1719.
For more information you can also visit the PA Local Government Commission website.
For more information on Borough Code changes, contact Shelley Houk, PSAB Director of Research, at 800-232-7722, Ext. 1018 or by email at email@example.com.
Purchasing Additional Paper Copies
The Local Government Commission has mailed four copies of the Borough Code, Title 8 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes (Boroughs and Incorporated Towns), to each borough office.
If your borough needs additional copies, the PA State Bookstore has copies of the new Borough Code for sale on its website. Copies are $12 each, plus $2.50 shipping for each book. Click here to purchase additional copies.


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Every afternoon in England, between about three and six o'clock, candles are lit in the great cathedrals and abbeys and college chapels, and the antique rite known as Evensong is observed. "Sung" would be more accurate than "observed"; the choir, boys first and then men, shuffles in at chain-gang pace, enters the carved stalls, and proceeds with what might be a brief concert. There is no need for anyone else, except an organist and a precentor, which is just as well, since often the shadowy nave and transepts are void of worshippers; perhaps a few tourists hover at the very back of the church, foggily attempting to gauge the event's exact religiosity.
This service is mostly music, and the foundation of its repertory is Elizabethan and Jacobean: Thomas Tallis, William Byrd, Orlando Gibbons. Yet the language that is sung—especially the mid-sixteenth-century language of Thomas Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer, and the early-seventeenth-century language of the King James Bible—is itself a great music. That these words and this formality of rite endure suggests how traditional the Church of England has remained. But it is a living tradition, too. Just as a Byrd anthem, to our ears, is freighted with all the music it has influenced (one hears not only later English gentleness but a dissonance that has had an impact on twentieth-century composition), so the language of the early Church of England now seems loaded with all its historical bequests.
Suppose the choir happens to sing a setting of Psalm 90, with its grand, desert evocation of life's ephemerality: "For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night. . . . For all our days are passed away in thy wrath: we spend our years as a tale that is told." It will be hard not to hear in those words Macbeth's last soliloquy, "Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow," with its bitterness about "all our yesterdays" having lighted fools the way to dusty death, and its likening of life to "a tale / told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, / Signifying nothing." (Shakespeare would probably have read earlier versions of the psalm, such as those of Miles Coverdale and the Geneva Bible, which the King James translators adapted very closely and in places word for word.) Or if the reading is from Job, with its verse "Men shall clap their hands at him, and shall hiss him out of his place," and we hear the wonderful oddity of the verb's transitive use and its unexpected preposition "out," a reader of D. H. Lawrence might be prompted to recall how fond that intensely Biblical writer was of similarly strange prepositions and pungent transitive verbs: "Again the flash went through him dazing him out"; "Banford turtled up like a little fighting cock"; "following so submissively, gloating on him from behind." Or if the reading that day happened to be from Ruth 1:16—"for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge"—some keen listener might hear Gabriel Oak in "Far from the Madding Crowd," who proposes to Bathsheba, his future wife, saying, "Whenever you look up, there I shall be—and whenever I look up there will be you."
The pleasure is not so much in finding Biblical deposits in obviously Biblical writers like Shakespeare, Hardy, and Lawrence as in finding the same on apparently stonier ground. Philip Larkin, an English poet of decidedly secular leanings, disdained ecclesiastical liturgy, once calling it "that vast moth-eaten musical brocade." His beautiful poem, "Cut Grass," first appeared in 1974. At first sight, it appears to be simply a small offshoot from the big branch of lyric elegy:
**{: .break one} ** Cut grass lies frail: Brief is the breath Mown stalks exhale. Long, long the death It dies in the white hours Of young-leafed June With chestnut flowers, With hedges snowlike strewn, White lilac bowed, Lost lanes of Queen Anne's lace, And that high-builded cloud Moving at summer's pace. **
But, once one has encountered Psalm 90, with its verse about how humankind's passage is like grass ("In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth up; in the evening it is cut down, and withereth"), the broadly elegiac theme of Larkin's poem has a suddenly sacred basis; and what of that psalmlike colon at the end of Larkin's first line, or that compound, "high-builded," with its archaic inflected verb, one that appears frequently in the King James version (Psalm 122, for instance: "Jerusalem is builded as a city that is compact together")? The poem speaks of "lost lanes," but even if these English lanes have been lost, the English linguistic lanes have not, and doesn't the poem's diction, its history-cocked ear, in fact reclaim them?
How the King James Bible came about is the theme of Adam Nicolson's fine book, "God's Secretaries" (HarperCollins; $24.95). It is a popular book as popular books used to be, a breeze rather than a scholarly sweat, but humanely erudite, elegantly written, passionately felt, and jauntily unfootnoted (alas). It is also written with a love for the language of the King James Bible. Nicolson is excited by this verbal monument—"England's equivalent of the great baroque cathedral it never built," as he puts it—and his excitement is contagious.
He begins by reminding us of the ever-peculiar fact that its delicate style was the creation of a committee, or several committees. At Hampton Court, in January, 1604, King James I, newly enthroned, agreed to the proposal of one of his advisers that the new reign deserved a new Bible in English. Of course, there had been translations, or attempts at translations, before, and Nicolson unwisely slights the towering examples set by such men as William Tyndale, in the fifteen-twenties, and Miles Coverdale, in the fifteen-thirties. One scholar has reckoned that "approximately 60 per cent of the text of the English Bible had reached its final literary form before the King James version was produced." Tyndale's rhythms pulse throughout the King James version, and many phrases of Coverdale's, such as "the valley of the shadow of death" and "three score years and ten"—where the Hebrew has simply "seventy"—are ensconced in the King James version, whose translators themselves announced in their preface that what they had produced was not so much a new translation as a final revision of all the previous English Bibles.
But Coverdale's Bible, the first complete one to be printed in English, had been translated in part from Latin (the Catholic Vulgate edition) and German (Martin Luther's translation); the King James version would need to take on all the Hebrew of the Old Testament and the Greek of the New. To this end, the King set out to assemble an extraordinary panoply of the country's finest linguists, divided into six "companies" of nine men each, "a body of men nearly four times the size of any previous Bible enterprise." In retrospect, we can see that this project fell into propitious arms: the English language had reached a high point of flexibility and rhetorical power—the King James version was composed between 1604 and 1611, thus coinciding with the writing of Shakespeare's greatest tragedies and his last plays. This was the age of the antiquarian, the amateur scholar, the ecclesiastical polyglot, the obsessed bibliophile. James I was himself a learned man, reared in Scotland by one of Montaigne's tutors, and capable, Nicolson says, of translating any passage of the Bible from Latin into French and then into English.
Many formidable minds were involved in the translation. Nicolson, whose previous books include an account of the restoration of Windsor Castle and a portrait of life on the Shiant Isles (the tiny Hebridean islands off the northwest coast of Scotland), is a skilled storyteller, and he compacts large amounts of research into alluring anecdotal packets. His book is really a long gaze at the gallery of men who made up the six companies, and readers will learn a good deal about the ecclesiastical and university cultures of the early seventeenth century. The most prominent of the translators was Lancelot Andrewes. Now probably known best—if at all—from T. S. Eliot's essay about his prose, Andrewes was the Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and the Dean of Westminster. He was also the greatest preacher of his time, and a remarkable linguist who spoke fifteen modern and six ancient languages. Andrewes was in charge of the First Westminster Company, whose mission was to translate the first twelve books of the Old Testament.
Nicolson shows how Andrewes's combination of unworldly faith (he spent five hours every morning in solitary prayer) and mastery of churchcraft (he was adept at pulling strings, soothing royal tempers, and maintaining power) was characteristic of the Bible project. In an age of the divine right of kings, devotion to God and devotion to temporal power were united. Likewise, the King wanted a Bible that would both honor its sacred sources and emblazon the new unity and humanism of his reign. To that end, he forbade marginal notes, except for the explanation of Hebrew or Greek words "which cannot without some circumlocution soe breifly and fitly be expressed in ye Text." The Geneva Bible, produced by English Puritans in exile, was spattered with contentious notes, and the King, with an instinct for the via media that the English Church had trod since the Reformation—fighting Rome temporally but often cleaving to it spiritually—wanted a Bible that smoothed contention into majesty. It was the job of the translators' rhetoric to elide doctrinal differences. "This is the heart of the new Bible as an irenicon," Nicolson writes with typical shrewdness, "an organism that absorbed and integrated difference, that included ambiguity and by doing so established peace. It is the central mechanism of the translation, one of immense lexical subtlety, a deliberate carrying of multiple meanings beneath the surface of a single text."
Each of the translators worked alone on the portion assigned to his company before conferring with his eight colleagues. Once a company had finished a book, it circulated it to the other five groups, so that they might consider it "seriously and judiciously: for His Majestie is verie carefull of this poynt." From notes taken at one of these final meetings, we know that, as befits an essentially oral text, the proceedings were oral. One man read aloud while the others listened, speaking up only when they found fault. They were a various crowd, and Nicolson's delightful sketches bring them to life. Among them were Richard Thomson, a celebrated translator of Martial, a linguist with correspondents in Italy, France, and Germany; William Bedwell, a mathematician and Arabist; Miles Smith, who described himself as "covetous of nothing but books," and who kept no books in his library that he had not read; George Abbot, the Master of University College, Oxford, who once had a hundred and forty Oxford undergraduates arrested for not removing their hats as he entered St. Mary's Church; the dashing Sir Henry Savile, Provost of Eton, who was the first English translator of Tacitus, and who also worked for years on a vast edition of the writings of St. John Chrysostom, the fourth-century archbishop of Constantinople; and John Bois, a prodigy to rival John Stuart Mill, having written Hebrew by the time he was six and become a student at Cambridge by the age of fourteen. He told people that he had every extant Greek text on his shelves. One of Nicolson's most interesting passages concerns John Layfield, a Greek scholar who had accompanied the Earl of Cumberland on an expedition across the ocean to the Caribbean, and had written a fine account of what he saw. Quoting from Layfield's description of Dominica's lushness, lingering over the marvellous phrase "the trees doe continually maintaine themselves in a greene-good liking," Nicolson hints at the nicely scandalous idea that the Caribbean was in Layfield's mind when he helped to translate the account of Eden in Genesis.
What did they do? How and why did they get so much right? Here Nicolson pushes against the rather too heavily mortgaged boundaries of his genre; one feels him curtailing literary criticism in the interest of narrative. Yet he is an excellent critic, and another fifty or so pages would have made his book scholarly as well as popular. It has been said that FitzGerald's version of "The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám" is obviously too good a poem to be a good translation. Yet often the King James translators secured that great, supposedly unachievable paradox: they were both faithful and unfaithful. They announced in their preface that they would not be held to a "uniformitie of phrasing, or to an identitie of words," so that, for instance, they would feel free to translate the word for "purpose" sometimes as "purpose" and sometimes as "intent." In fact, they were fruitfully inconsistent. At once conservative and radical, they honored a uniformity of phrasing when it seemed thematically appropriate, and expanded into diversity when meaning seemed to sanction it. The Hebrew texts in particular feature what have been called "key-words," words or phrases repeated and subtly modified in a passage, as a kind of threaded meaning. The English translators were sensitive watchers of these words, and the King James Bible is considered superlative for the pursuit of such threads. The scholars Robert Alter and Gerald Hammond have discussed the technique as it appears in II Samuel 3, in which the phrase "and he went in peace" undergoes a series of variations analogous to those of the original Hebrew:
**{: .break one} ** And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace. And behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace. When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace. Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done? Behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone? **
Hammond notes that later versions of this passage, like the Jerusalem Bible and the New English Bible, smother the effect by varying their translations of the key-phrase too drastically. Repetition and its close family of varieties is at the heart of the King James triumph. Jacobean English was not merely unafraid of repetition; it cherished it. This love of repetition and muffled repetition also meshes well with the Hebrew of the Old Testament, which is characterized by a kind of "semantic parallelism." As Alter points out, if "hearken" is used in one verse, "listen" may be used in the next. One of his examples is from II Samuel 22 (in his translation): "For with you I charge a barrier, / with My God I vault a wall." This extends into the New Testament, of course. Hebrews 12:6 has: "For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth."
The English translators are masters of repetition, often using a musical form of the key-words technique to signal minuscule changes in intensity even when the words themselves do not change. There are the great words from Isaiah 61, for example, some of the loveliest in the Bible: "For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, and as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring forth; so the Lord God will cause righteousness to spring forth before all the nations." Nowadays, no writer would risk the potential bathos of ending a passage with a repetition of its predecessor. But isn't the phrase changing even as it is being repeated? At first, it is only the earth that brings forth flowers or causes other flowers to spring forth; by the last phrase, it is the Lord God himself who now causes righteousness, and not merely buds, to spring forth.
So there is a one-word answer to the question of what the translators got right. It is music. And here music is meaning. Take the well-known words from Matthew 11:28: "Come unto me all ye that labour, and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest." Tyndale had "Come unto me all ye that laboure and are laden and I will ease you." The Jacobeans retained Tyndale's rhythm; but it was they who added that simple, brief word—to our modern ears a marvellous half-adjective and half-adverb_—heavy_ laden. Their desire, made explicit in the preface, was to use as many English words as possible, "commodiously," for the greater glory of God. Often, they strove for the widest possible meaning, the most ambiguous resonances; the musical equivalent might be the organ stop known as a "mixture," in which tones of related pitch are played simultaneously by a single key. A famous example occurs in I Kings 19:12: "And after the earthquake, a fire; but the Lord was not in the fire: and after the fire, a still small voice." Coverdale's earlier rendition had "a still soft hissing," and the so-called Matthew's Bible, of 1537 (which closely followed Tyndale), had "a small still voice." The later translators, by changing "small still voice" to "still small voice," retained the literal meaning of Matthew's Bible while playing on the double sense of "still," adding the extra suggestion that the voice has always been small and will continue to be (is still small).
At times, there was too much music. The translators' determination to use as many English words as possible sometimes results in versions that, by modern scholarly standards, can be somewhat free and inexact. Nicolson loves the King James version too much to criticize it, but the Princeton New Testament scholar Bruce M. Metzger complains in his book "The Bible in Translation" (not found in Nicolson's bibliography) that the word katargeo, which occurs twenty-seven times in the New Testament, is subjected to an anarchy of different English approximations, eighteen in all, including "abolish, cease, cumber, deliver, destroy, do away . . . fail, loose, bring (come) to naught, put away (down), vanish away, make void." And, of course, there were errors, many of them. In I Kings 13:27, the wrong pronoun prompts unwitting comedy: "And he spake to his sons, saying, Saddle me the ass. And they saddled him." Modern translations have changed "him" to "it," but my copy of the King James Bible, at least, still proudly bears "him."
Many people have commented on the mixture of simplicity and grandeur in the King James version, so that we can go without apparent difficulty from "a drop of a bucket" or "the apple of his eye" or "give up the ghost" to the larger tremolo of "I water my couch with my tears" and of Job's "Hast thou given the horse strength? Hast thou clothed his neck with thunder?" Even amid the furies and billows of Isaiah, we come upon a simple speaking voice: "I will mention the loving-kindnesses of the Lord . . . according to all that the Lord hath bestowed on us." It is the sort of movement that is also found in the Psalms, where deepest lamentation can lighten into almost colloquial address: "As for me, I will behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be satisfied, when I awake" (Psalm 17).
The great master of such combinations is Paul. In his letter to the Romans, a rhetorical supremacy is reached, whereby an inherited Hebrew parallelism, the colloquialism of an elder addressing new congregations, an almost legalistic restraint, and an intense, rising repetition all newly converge. A series of rhetorical questions closes that epistle's Chapter 8:
**{: .break one} ** What shall we then say to these things? If God be for us, who can be against us? He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things? . . . Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? **
And then come these final verses:
**{: .break one} ** For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, Nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. **
Again, one is struck by the daring of ending a passage of rising exhortation with the calm, almost finicky precision of "For I am persuaded that." But Paul's discourse often sounds a note of excited reticence; he is very good at taking the already resonant Old Testament words such as "satisfy" and "acceptable" and pulling from them a kind of controlled, ironic fervor. He writes, for instance, also in Romans, "I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service." All the weight of suppressed emotion falls on those desperately restrained words "acceptable" and "reasonable." The English translators could measure the gravity of a word, its buried anchor, and they knew—indeed, they believed, of course—that Jewish and Christian messianism warranted both exultancy and stoicism, an endlessly suppressed anticipation. One waits in great anticipation; but one waits and waits and waits, and so one learns how to measure the longevity of one's excitement. Thus the decorum of these quietly quivering words: "satisfy," "acceptable," "persuade," "reasonable." Among modern writers, T. S. Eliot, who wrote of what he called "relevant intensity" in the prose of Lancelot Andrewes, knew best how to get this King James atmosphere of controlled passion. In "The Waste Land," how severely but carefully his lines fall on the word "patience":
**{: .break one} ** He who was living is now dead We who were living are now dying With a little patience. ♦ **


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Let's start over with five words:
Shapes are used in art.
Let's start over with five words:
Shapes are used in art.
Art is important for kids.
Kids get the most presents every Christmas..
And so, as Tiny Tim observed, "God Bless us!! Everyone!!''
A Christmas Carol - Charles Dickens (1843)
chrsitmas is my fav time of year..
year will bring us trouble
When it seems the magic slipped away...
We find it all again on Christmas Day.
*Seeing isn't believing.Believing is seeing.*
trouble with my sky box
Box up the Christmas ornaments
I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas
(LOL...some are catching on...)
Box up those decorations, dear


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About The Boling Center
The Boling Center for Developmental Disabilities (BCDD) is one of more than 60 University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities in the United States established by the federal government to develop interdisciplinary training, service, and applied research related to developmental disabilities. The BCDD is now one of the most comprehensive facilities in the nation dedicated to improving quality of life for people of all ages with developmental disabilities and their families.
Maternal and Child Health LEND Program
The BCDD also focuses on prevention of developmental disabilities through programs for mothers and children who have or are at risk of having special care needs.
Administered by the College of Medicine of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, this interdisciplinary facility is committed to advances in training, service, applied research, information dissemination, and planning and policy development at local, regional, state, and national levels.
- Hierarchy and Organizational Chart for the Boling Center
BCDD Functions
Interdisciplinary Training
Professionals from 11 disciplines provide the structure for this Center for Excellence through affiliations with a number of colleges and universities. With support from the Department of Health and Human Services Maternal and Child Health Bureau, the BCDD offers stipends for interdisciplinary leadership training in neurodevelopmental disabilities and related disorders for graduate and post-graduates students.
The BCDD also offers continuing education through conferences, workshops, seminars, certificate training and short courses for community-based professionals, state agency personnel, service providers, educators, family members, and consumers. These training experiences are designed to improve or expand services to persons with disabilities, children with chronic health care needs, and their families.
Clinical programs at the BCDD include interdisciplinary outpatient diagnostic clinics that evaluate, recommend, and provide individual interventions for various developmental disabilities.
Community Outreach, Consultation and Technical Assistance
Community outreach and technical assistance expands the BCDD to support communities in building inclusive services for its citizens with disabilities. The BCDD provides consultation and technical assistance through activities such as needs assessment, program development, planning, administration/management, program evaluation, and client consultations on a national scope.
Research and Dissemination
Applied research is ongoing and includes laboratory, clinical, and behavioral projects involving model development, best practices, and action research.
Dissemination of information occurs through publications, continuing education, instructional products, audiovisual productions, consultation, and technical assistance.
Developmental Disabilities Network
As a UCEDD and LEND Program, the Boling Center is part of the Association of University Centers on Disabilities (AUCD). For more information, visit the AUCD website.
The Boling Center, the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development in Nashville, the Disability Law and Advocacy Centers of TN offices in Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, and the Tennessee Council on Developmental Disabilities form the Developmental Disabilities Network in Tennessee.
The network engages in collaborative projects and efforts. More can be found about the network at www.tennddnetwork.org.
Quick Links
Contact BCDD
711 Jefferson Avenue
Memphis, Tennessee 38105
Phone: 901-448-6511
Fax: 901-448-7097


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Views: 434
I'm with you. As I was reading these, I was thinking about Thomas Paine (just started his bio by Christopher Hitchens) and the question of where these "Rights of Man" come from being certainly not from a god, since gods of differing societies recommend destruction of those who don't worship their "chosen, true" god. They certainly do come from the agreements we make as we move through society in order to propel ourselves socially as well as maintain relationships intimately. It's thought that certain animals, including humans, evolved not by the doctrine of "survival of the fittest", but by their development of cooperation and, eventually, collaborative and relational societies. In other words, simplistically, you may be a big strong brute, but if you can't get along with others you may be ostracized and/or imprisoned and not have a chance at reproduction or social elevation.
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Pushkinsky Cine-Concert Hall
2 Pushkinskaya Square, Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya,
No one has favorited this theater yet
Situated on Pushkin Square, one of the busiest squares in Russia, or even the world, Cinema Rossia was the Soviet Union's largest movie theater.
It opened in 1961. designed by a team of architects Sheverdayev, Godjeenskay and Solopov, the latter a renown cinema architect. Built as a 3-screen cinema, with 2,500 seats in the main auditorium (1,500 in the orchestra and 1,000 in the balcony) and two basement auditoriums each seating 200.
Karo Film, a new company, purchased and renovated the building in 1997 and reopened it as a Concert Hall. They later built the first multiplexes in the country and are now one of the main exhibitor chains. In 1997, the two basement screens were in use as a nightclub and restaurant.
The Cinema Rossia has been used as one of the main auditoriums of the Moscow International Film Festival, and is still the official location for it's ceremonies today.
Karo has had plans to revamp the theatre and turn it into a plex for quite some years and the government has forced them to do so, but so far they have failed to a degree as the mayor of Moscow halted the project. Karo still strives to restore it sometime in the future.
Recent comments (view all 2 comments)
A postcard of the Rossia during the Third Moscow International Film Festival can be seen in my Flickrstream: View link
Here is another photo:
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The Birthday Coloring Page Images below is a part of Birthday Coloring Sheets Collection Gallery. This digital photography of Birthday Coloring Page Images has dimension 1754 × 1240 pixels. You can see a gallery of Birthday Coloring Sheets below. And if you think that this image are interested to share with your friends, don't hesitate to share it on your Social Media account.
Birthday Coloring Page Images - Birthday Coloring Sheets
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In this very technologically minded world we live in it is easy for parents to get swept away with the newest educational toys or games and completely overlook the age old benefits of coloring pages for their preschoolers or even older children. It would be quite beneficial for parents to understand that coloring pages provide a great number of learning opportunities for their children, and these lessons are conveyed in a fundamental way that children can grasp. There is no doubt that coloring pages play a key role when it comes to children's learning and development. It serves as an attraction catcher for the child and a means of having so much fun while learning. A great way to keep your children occupied and teach them God's Word at the same time is to give them Christian coloring pages for kids. As they color the pictures, it will help them remember the stories of the Bible and of God's love for them.
In order for a child to be happy and develop well, the role that parents play is extremely critical. They are the children's first heroes and friends. Children learn most of their first lessons and concepts of the world around them from their parents. This is why parents should understand the ways to put their children's creativity and mental abilities to positive use. One of the simplest methods of accomplishing this is to get children involved in coloring. There are a variety of coloring pages available for the children to keep them engaged in their own world and constructively build their creative abilities. It is the most successful trick to keep your kids busy in coloring pages of their favorite characters and fairies.
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Boston's Brandon Workman appeals six-game suspension
NEW YORK >> Boston pitcher Brandon Workman appealed a six-game suspension imposed by Major League Baseball on Tuesday for throwing near the head of Tampa Bay star Evan Longoria last week.
Workman can play until the appeal process is complete, and was expected to make his scheduled start Wednesday night against the Cleveland Indians.
The penalty, which also included a fine, was announced by MLB Senior Vice President Joe Garagiola Jr. Workman's high-and-tight pitch came after the teams had been warned about further trouble.
"That was ascertained in the video. Thus, I think that's appropriate," Rays manager Joe Maddon said before Tuesday night's game at Miami.
Red Sox first baseman Mike Carp was hit on the arm Friday by a fourth-inning pitch from Tampa Bay ace David Price, who also plunked slugger David Ortiz on the hip in the first inning triggering umpires to issue warnings to both teams.
The fact Workman was disciplined and Price wasn't did not sit well with the Red Sox and Ortiz in particular, who again criticized the Rays ace prior to Tuesday's game against the Indians.
"I don't think what they're doing is fair," Ortiz said. "I think the rules should be for everybody. We didn't start this up. I didn't hit nobody. Workman didn't hit anybody in the first inning. He did."
Ortiz was critical of Price following that game and didn't back down from those comments Tuesday when news of Workman's suspension reached Boston's clubhouse.
"I'm not going to get hit again," Ortiz said. "Not by him. He did it on purpose. He punked me and that's very disrespectful. I'm a grown man. I've been around the league for a long time and I know how to take care of business on my own."
Said Maddon: "Papi and I have had a pretty good relationship in the past. Sometimes commentary oversteps and overreaches."
"I'd like to believe if he had more of an opportunity to think about it, he would respond differently. For us, it's a dead issue. I want us to move it along and just play baseball," he said.
Red Sox manager John Farrell, who was ejected from Friday's game, took a diplomatic approach.
"All you can do is put forth your best efforts to state a case that we were directly involved with, and what's done is done," he said. "There's an appeal that's going to take place. I know we presented our case in response to the discussions and what was being talked about with MLB."
After being hit Carp glared out at the mound, shouting and pointing at Price, but was restrained by Rays catcher Jose Molina as players from both teams charged out of the dugouts and bullpens. There was some pushing and shoving, but no punches were thrown.
Workman threw a high pitch in the sixth behind Longoria, who was visibly upset. Longoria and Boston catcher A.J. Pierzynski had a conversation at home plate, and a handful of players from both dugouts ventured a few steps onto the field, but no trouble ensued. Workman was ejected.


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Smart Home Hubs: A Brain for Your House
Three home controllers allow users to program different devices via phone
Dear house: When I wake up, please turn on the lights, crank up the heat, play some tunes and brew my coffee.
Who hasn't dreamt of a house that can take orders? Austin Powers's bed rotates and plays bossa nova at his command. Wallace and Gromit, the animated Englishman and his dog, live in a house that can wake you, drop you into pants and spread jam on your toast—though it never quite works as designed.


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100 Qualifying slots plus 25 Women For Tri Slots注册 ▻
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