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Latin american journal of aquatic research
versión On-line ISSN 0718-560X
Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res. vol.40 no.2 Valparaíso jun. 2012
Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 40(2): 358-366, 2012
DOI: 10.3856/vol40-issue2-fi1lltext-10
Effect of salinity changes on the midgut gland of Artemesia longinaris (Decapoda, Penaeidae)
Efecto de los cambios de salinidad sobre el hepatopáncreas de Artemesia longinaris (Decapoda, Penaeidae)
Ignacio Masson1,3, Ana C. Díaz1,3 & Ana M. Petriella2,3
1Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
2Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
3Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Argentina
ABSTRACT. The response of the midgut gland of Artemesia longinaris to salinity changes was evaluated by analyzing its histological changes. Animals were exposed gradually and abruptly to 33, 29, 25 and 16 psu for different time intervals and readapted to 33 psu for 30 days. Individuals maintained 10 days at 16 psu showed the lowest survival and presented histopathologies which were not present in those readapted to 33 psu. Shrimps abruptly transferred from 33 to 16 psu died in 3-5 h but did not show midgut gland alterations likely due to the brief exposure. Only shrimps abruptly transferred from 33 to 25 psu presented histopathologies after 96 h. When readapted to 33 psu for 30 days, the midgut gland recovered an unaltered structure. Except E-cells, which did not vary in height among treatments, F, R and B-cells were taller in animals gradually adapted to 29 than to 16 psu. Abrupt salinity changes had a significant effect on the mean height of F, R and B-cells of those animals transferred from 33 to 25 psu (from 24 to 96 h after transfer F and R-cells heights decreased, and from 96 to 144 h after transfer B-cells height increased). Our study shows the effect of osmotic stress at the tissue level on the midgut gland and, at least partially, explains the reason for the mortalities at low salinities.
Keywords: midgut gland, hepatopancreas, osmotic stress, histopathology, salinity, A. longinaris, Argentina.
RESUMEN. Se evaluó la respuesta del hepatopáncreas de Artemesia longinaris a los cambios de salinidad. Los animales fueron expuestos gradual y abruptamente a 33, 29, 25 y 16 psu durante distintos intervalos y readaptados a 33 psu por 30 días. Los individuos gradualmente adaptados a 16 psu tuvieron baja supervivencia y presentaron alteraciones histológicas ausentes en los readaptados a 33 psu. Aquellos transferidos repentinamente de 33 a 16 psu murieron en 3-5 h pero no mostraron alteraciones, posiblemente debido a la breve exposición. Sólo los transferidos repentinamente de 33 a 25 psu por más de 96 h presentaron daño tisular. Cuando se readaptaron a 33 psu durante 30 días, el hepatopáncreas mostró una estructura normal. Exceptuando las células E que no variaron en altura entre tratamientos, las F, R y B fueron más altas en los animales gradualmente adaptados de 33 a 29 psu. Los cambios súbitos de salinidad tuvieron un efecto significativo en la altura media de las células F, R y B solamente en animales transferidos de 33 a 25 psu (24 a 96 h después de la transferencia disminuyó la altura de las células F y R, y 96 a 144 h después hubo un aumento en la altura de las células B). El presente estudio muestra el efecto de los cambios de salinidad sobre el hepatopáncreas y explica, al menos parcialmente, la razón de la mortalidad a bajas salinidades.
Palabras clave: glándula digestiva, hepatopáncreas, estrés osmótico, alteraciones histológicas, salinidad, A. longinaris, Argentina.
Artemesia longinaris is a commercially important marine shrimp that inhabits coastal waters of Argentina, Uruguay, and South Brazil, where temperatures range from 8 to 22°C and salinities between 33 and 36 psu (Boschi, 1969; Boschi & Scelzo, 1974; Boschi & Gavio, 2005). Unlike many other species of penaeid shrimps that can tolerate a wide range of salinities, such as Penaeus vannamei, P. setiferus (Briggs et al., 2004) and P. aztecus (Venkataramiah et al., 1974; Saoud & Davis, 2003), A. longinaris is strictly marine during all phases of its life cycle (D'Incao, 1999).
There are many publications covering the growth and survival of a variety of penaeid species at different salinity levels and suggesting the optimal salinity range for culture (Aziz & Greenwood, 1981; Ogle et al., 1992; Brito et al., 2000; Saoud & Davis, 2003; Buckle et al., 2006). However, the actual causes of impairment in growth and survival as a result of adverse salinity levels are unknown.
The midgut gland is the primary organ responsible for digestion and storage of ingested materials in crustaceans (Factor, 1995). It has been noted that this organ undergoes histological and histochemical modifications in response to physiological demands, such as molt (Al-Mohanna & Nott, 1989) and reproduction (Díaz et al., 2006), osmotic variations (Díaz et al., 2010) pollution (Popescu-Marinescu et al., 1997), and that there is a correlation between the midgut gland structure and the animal's physiological condition and nutrition (Piedad-Pascual et al., 1983; Fernández-Giménez et al., 2008; Fenucci et al., 2009).
The midgut gland of wild A. longinaris was described by Petriella & Fonalleras (1997). Like in other decapods, it is composed of numerous blind-ended tubules that communicate with the midgut. These tubules are lined by a simple, columnar epithelium composed of E, F, R and B-cells (Díaz et al., 2006). The E-cells or embrionary cells are undifferentiated cubic cells, with a nucleus that occupies most of the cytoplasm (Icely & Nott, 1992). They are located in the distal zone of blind-ended tubules and as they divide they originate the other cell types (Johnston et al., 1998). The F-cells or fibrillar cells are cylindrical cells, with a central nucleus characterized by high activity producing digestive enzymes (Loizzi, 1971; Rangneker & Momin, 1974; Vogt, 1994). The R-cells or resorptive cells are the most common cell type. The nucleus is basal and the cytoplasm includes a large number of vacuoles which are products of lipid and glycogen storage and, to a lesser extent, copper and other metals. They perform digestion by contact in the enteric surface followed by molecular transport through their brush border (Loizzi, 1971; Al-Mohana & Nott, 1989; Icely & Nott, 1992). The blister-like cells (B-cells) present a large vacuole that occupies most of their cytoplasm. They carry out intracellular digestion, absorbing the remaining products of digestion and excreting waste products (Bunt, 1968; Loizzi, 1971; Icely & Nott, 1992).
Because the function of the midgut gland determines, along with other vital organs, the growth and survival of crustaceans, was studied its response to variations in the salinity of the media by noting histopathological changes and by observing the changes in height of the cell types within the midgut gland. In addition, it was studied whether there is a difference in the type of response of the midgut gland to gradual compared to abrupt salinity changes, and the recovery capacity of the organ when animals were readapted to their optimal salinity range.
Adult shrimps (1.5-3.0 g) at sexual rest were captured in the coastal waters of Mar del Plata (37°56'S, 57°45'W). They were brought to the lab and distributed in 150 L aquaria with 33 psu natural seawater at a density of 20 ind aquaria. Water temperature was 20 ± 2°C and the photoperiod used was 10 h light: 14 h dark. Aeration was supplied continuously by air stones connected to a regenerative blower. Aquaria had sand and shell filter beds. Shrimps were fed once daily with an artificial pelletized diet prepared by the cold extrusion method (45% protein, 7% lipid, 7% moisture, 7% ash) (Fenucci et al., 1981). Exuviae, dead animals, and uneaten food were removed to preserve water quality.
This study was divided into two separate trials that differed in how quickly the salinity was changed: 2-3 psu day-1 (gradual) versus abrupt change. In both trials, the midgut glands were processed in the same manner. Cephalothorax were fixed in Davidson's solution (ethanol, acetic acid, formalin, and distilled water) for 24 h (Bell & Lightner, 1988). After fixation, they were cut sagittally into two halves, dehydrated in increasing concentrations of ethanol, butyl alcohol (two changes of 24 h), butyl-paraffin 50:50 (48 h), and finally embedded in paraffin. Three-μm sections were cut with a microtome and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Sections were examined using an Olympus photomicroscope furnished with an ocular micrometer. Measurements of the height of 10 cells randomly selected per cell type were taken at the medial and proximal zones of the tubules, except for E-cells which were measured at the distal zone, the only zone in which they are present. Cell height values are presented as mean ± standard error. Photomicrographs of the slides were taken. Salinity measurements were performed using a hand refractometer.
First trial: gradual salinity changes
After maintaining the shrimps for a week at 33 psu in eight separate aquaria, salinities were gradually changed to 29, 25 and 16 psu with two aquaria per salinity treatment and 20 animals aquarium. Two aquaria were maintained at 33 psu until the end of the trial as a control. Salinities were adjusted by diluting the media with freshwater (0 psu, previously aged tap water) at a rate of 2-3 psu day-1. After 30 days, except for the animals held at 16 psu which were maintained only 10 days at this salinity because of the high mortality, 50% of the individuals from each treatment were randomly removed, fixed and examined for histopathological changes in the midgut gland. The remaining animals were gradually readapted to 33 psu and after 30 days they were fixed and examined for histopathological changes in the midgut gland. These animals readapted from 16, 25, 29 and 33 psu back to 33 psu for 30 days will henceforth be referred to as recovered from 16, 25, 29 and 33 (no change, control) psu, respectively. Survival rates were calculated at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days from the start of the experiment.
Second trial: abrupt salinity changes
Shrimps maintained at 33 psu during one week were abruptly transferred to 16, 25 and 29 psu at a density of 20 ind aquaria, and two aquaria per salinity treatment. Two aquaria with 20 ind each were maintained at 33 psu as control treatments. After 24, 48, 96 and 144 h, 10 ind from each aquarium were randomly removed, fixed and examined for histopathological changes in the midgut gland.
Statistical analysis
The survival rates were calculated by taking into account the number of dead animals within 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days, where applicable, for each salinity treatment. Significant differences in survival among treatment were tested using the Chi-square test (alpha: 0.05). One-way ANOVAs (with Tukey's HSD Post-hoc tests) were used to test for significant differences in mean cell height among treatments for both trials (alpha: 0.05). Only cells belonging to the same type were considered in each test, with the grouping factor being the salinity treatment. SPSS 11.5 (SPSS 2002) was used both for the survival analysis and the cell-height comparisons.
First trial: gradual salinity changes
Survival rates were not significantly different among salinities of 25, 29 and 33 psu (70, 68 and 70%, respectively). However, animals held at 16 psu had a ten-day survival of 43%, which was significantly lower than the survival at any of the other salinities (P < 0.05) (Fig. 1). Because of the low survival at 16 psu, this treatment was discontinued on day 10 by gradually reverting the salinity to 33 psu.
Figure 1. Survival (%) of A. longinaris exposed to gradual salinity changes. (*) Salinity gradually reverted to 33 psu.
Figura 1. Supervivencia (%) de A. longinaris expuesto a cambios graduales de salinidad. (*) Salinidad gradualmente revertida a 33 psu.
The midgut glands of the shrimps held at 25, 29 and 33 psu presented a normal histological structure (Fig. 2). In contrast, the midgut glands of the shrimps maintained at 16 psu for 10 days showed histological changes: necrotic foci, atrophy of the tubules, and infiltration of hemocytes, which were sometimes forming nodules, encapsulating injured tubules and cellular debris. There was neither granular content nor PAS-positive material in the lumen of the tubules, in contrast to the other treatments (Fig. 3). Another pathological characteristic was the presence of epithelial sloughing (i.e., cell exfoliation) into the tubular lumen (Fig. 4).
Figure 2. View of the distal and medial zones of the midgut gland tubules of A. longinaris maintained at 29 psu for 30 days; normal structure; H&E. B: B-cell, C: connective tissue capsule, dz: distal zone, E: E-cell, F: F-cell, mz: medial zone, R: R-cell, T: tubule. Scale bar: 100 μm.
Figura 2. Vista de la zona distal y media de los túbulos del hepatopáncreas A. longinaris mantenidos a 29 psu durante 30 días; estructura normal; H&E. B: célula B, C: cápsula de tejido conectivo, dz: zona distal, E: célula E, F: célula F, mz: zona media, R: célula R, T: túbulo. Escala: 100 μm.
Figure 3. View of the midgut gland of A. longinaris maintained 10 days at 16 psu showing many hemocytic nodules and necrotic tubules; PAS. n: nodule, T: tubule. Scale bar: 100 μm.
Figura 3. Vista del hepatopáncreas de A. longinaris mantenidos 10 días a 16 psu mostrando nódulos hemocíticos y túbulos necróticos; PAS. n: nódulo, T: túbulo. Escala: 100 μm..
Figure 4. Infiltration of hemocytes into the intertubular space of the midgut gland of A. longinaris maintained 10 days at 16 psu. Note the thickened intertubular space occupied by connective tissue and hemocytes; H&E. h: hemocytes, s: sloughing of tubule epithelium, T: tubule. Scale bar: 50 μm.
Figura 4. Infiltración de hemocitos en el espacio intertubular del hepatopáncreas de A. longinaris mantenidos 10 días a 16 psu. Notar el espacio intertubular engrosado, ocupado por tejido conectivo y hemocitos; H&E. h: hemocitos, s: desprendimiento del epitelio tubular, T: túbulo. Escala: 50 μm.
Animals held at 16 psu for 10 days and readapted to 33 psu for 30 days did not show any pathological signs in the midgut gland. They presented a structure comparable to that of the control animals maintained at 33 psu.
There were no significant differences in mean height of E-cells among treatments. Contrarily, F-cells attained greater heights in those animals maintained 30 days at 29 psu (38.2 ± 2.42 μm) than in those maintained 10 days at 16 psu (27.8 ± 0.81 μm) (P < 0.05). Only those animals readapted from 29 to 33 psu showed a significant change in F-cell mean height value, which decreased from 38.2 ± 2.42 μm at 29 psu to 29.7 ± 1.45 μm at 33 psu (P < 0.05) (Fig. 5a). There were no statistical differences in F-cell mean height values among the remaining treatments.
Figure 5. Mean heights (μm.) of F (a), R (b) and B-cells (c) of A. longinaris maintained at different salinities for 30 days* (solid bars) and then gradually readapted to 33 psu (hatched bars). Error bars represent the positive standard error. Different letters indicate statistical differences in mean values among treatments for a same cell type (P < 0.05). (*) The time of exposure to 16 psu was for 10 days only due to the low survival.
Figura 5. Altura media (μm.) de las células F (a), R (b) y B (c) de A. longinaris mantenidos a distintas salinidades durante 30 días* (barras sólidas) y gradualmente, readaptados a 33 psu (barras sombreadas). Las barras de error representan el error estándar positivo. Distintas letras indican diferencias significativas en los valores medios entre tratamientos para un mismo tipo celular (P < 0,05). (*) El tiempo de exposición a 16 psu fue sólo de 10 días debido a la baja supervivencia.
R-cells were significantly higher in those animals maintained at 29 psu (40.1 ± 2.13 μm) than in those animals in the remaining treatments (P < 0.05), except for those maintained 30 days at 33 psu (35.8 ± 2.57 μm) and those recovered from 25 psu (35.6 ± 1.06 μm). Animals maintained at 16 and at 25 psu, recovered from 29 psu, and those maintained 60 days at 33 psu showed no statistical differences in R-cell mean-height values (Fig. 5b).
B-cells were taller in those animals recovered from 25 psu (45.4 ± 1.68 μm) (P < 0.05). This mean height value was not statistically different from the one for animals maintained at 29 psu (42.5 ± 3.41 μm). In addition, no significant differences in mean height values were found among the latter treatment and the treatments including the animals recovered from 16 psu (39.6 ± 1.65 μm), those maintained at 25 psu (38.8 ± 1.75 μm), those recovered from 29 psu (39.6 ± 1.14 μm), and those maintained 60 days at 33 psu (35.8 ± 1.58 μm) (Fig. 5c).
Coincidentally for F, R and B cell-types, the mean heights attained at 16 psu were in all cases significantly lower than the mean-heights attained at 29 psu (P < 0.05).
Second trial: abrupt salinity changes
Animals abruptly transferred from 33 to 16 psu developed a whitish coloration in their pleons and died within 4 h. No evidence of structural damage was observed in the midgut glands of these animals.
Only those shrimps abruptly transferred from 33 to 25 psu developed midgut gland lesions 96 h post-transfer to the lower salinity. Their midgut glands showed areas with necrotic foci, hemocytic infiltration and sloughing of epithelial cells into the lumen of the tubules. Tubule epithelium also displayed signs of hyperplasia and hypertrophy (Figs. 6 and 7). The midgut glands of the shrimps held at 33 psu and of those abruptly transferred from 33 to 29 psu presented a normal structure.
Figure 6. Hemocytic infiltration through the intertubule connective tissue of the midgut gland of A. longinaris maintained 96 h at 25 psu; H&E. Arrows show necrotic cells with karyorrhexic nuclei. h: hemocytes. Scale bar: 50 μm.
Figura 6. Infiltración hemocítica a través del tejido conectivo intertubular del hepatopáncreas de A. longinaris mantenidos 96 h a 25 psu; H&E. Las flechas muestran células necróticas con núcleos cariorréxicos. h: hemocitos. Escala: 50 μm.
Figure 7. Longitudinal section of the midgut gland of A. longinaris maintained 96 h at 25 psu; hyperplasia, hypertrophy and sloughing of the tubule epithelium are evident; H&E. Hp: hyperplasia, Ht: hypertrophied cell, s: sloughing of tubule epithelium. Scale bar: 100 μm.
Figura 7. Sección longitudinal del hepatopáncreas de A. longinaris mantenidos 96 h a 25 psu; se observa hiperplasia, hipertrofia y descamación del epitelio de los túbulos; H&E. Hp: hiperplasia, Ht: célula hipertrofiada, s: descamación del epitelio del túbulo. Escala: 100 μm.
As in the first trial for the gradual salinity changes, there were no significant differences in mean heights of E-cells among treatments. There was a significant decrease in the mean height of F-cells of animals abruptly transferred from 33 to 25 psu for 24 h and those transferred for 96 h (from 28.5 ± 1.06 to 23.0 ± 0.90 μm, respectively) (P < 0.05) (Fig. 8a). Similarly, R-cells showed a significant decrease in mean height when comparing animals transferred from 33 to 25 psu for 24 h and those held for 96 h (from 29.1 ± 0.86 to 24.1 ± 0.77 μm, respectively) (P < 0.05) (Fig. 8b). B-cells were shorter in animals transferred from 33 to 25 psu for 96 h than in those held for 144 h (32.3 ± 1.19 to 38.6 ± 1.34 μm, respectively, P < 0.05) for which there were no significant differences with the control animals maintained at 33 psu (Fig. 8c). The overall trend observed in Figure 8 is that F, R and B-cells reduced their height by 96 h and attained mean height values comparable to the control (33 psu, no salinity change) by 144 h.
Figure 8. Mean heights μm) of F (a), R (b) and B-cells (c) of A. longinaris suddenly transferred from 33 to 16, 25, 29 and 33 psu (no change) for different time intervals. Error bars represent the positive standard error. Different letters indicate statistical differences in mean values among treatments for a same cell type (P < 0.05).
Figura 8. Altura media μm) de las células F (a), R (b) y B (c) de A. longinaris transferidos súbitamente de 33 a 16, 25, 29 y 33 psu (sin cambio) durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Las barras de error representan el error estándar positivo. Distintas letras indican diferencias significativas en valores medios entre tratamientos para un mismo tipo celular (P < 0,05).
Although it has been previously noted that A. longinaris does not tolerate low salinities (Harán et al., 1992; D'Incao, 1999) there were no studies evidencing the histological changes in the midgut gland due to osmotic impairment. Gradual salinity changes from 33 to 25 and 29 psu does not affect survival and this was also reflected in the histological structure of the midgut gland which did not showed any alterations. In contrast, a gradual change from 33 to 16 psu was harmful, causing pleon necrosis and low survival (i.e., a 10-day survival of 43%). Similarly, Harán et al. (1992) reported that below 25 psu survival and growth rates were greatly reduced, and that shrimps maintained at 16 psu developed muscular necrosis in their pleons and died. According to Lightner (1983), muscle necrosis appears after periods of severe stress (e.g., overcrowding, low dissolved oxygen levels, abrupt temperature or salinity changes, rough handling, etc.), and it could be reversed if stress factors are reduced during its initial stages while large areas of the pleon are still not compromised. Despite the low survival after 10 days at 16 psu, animals readapted to 33 psu recovered without noticeable sequels, swimming, eating and behaving normally.
The limited tolerance of A. longinaris to low salinities was confirmed by the pathologies observed, at the tissue level, in the midgut gland. A common histopathological sign in animals gradually exposed to 16 psu and held for 10 days was the sloughing of the epithelium of the tubules. Vogt (1990), explained that this pathological process occurs when cells are destroyed and other neighboring cells protrude like a wedge under the base of a damaged cell, extruding the necrotic cell into the tubular lumen while the neighboring cells simultaneously close the gap. When the number of destroyed cells becomes too high, as we observed in the tubules of shrimps held at 16 psu for 10 days, the gaps can no longer be closed and ulceration becomes evident. In addition, hemocytes invade the area, encapsulate the necrotic, cells often forming nodules, and release hydrolases that destroy the decaying tissue producing foci of necrosis like the ones observed.
From the abrupt salinity change experiment it can be deduced that even though death ensues in a few hours at 16 psu, there is not enough time for the midgut gland to develop observable histopathological signs. However, as also noted by Harán et al. (1992) the abdominal section of these animals became pale due to necrosis. The effect of an abrupt salinity change in the midgut gland of A. longinaris was detectable only after 96 h of being abruptly transferred from 33 to 25 psu. This salinity was the lowest at which animals survived long enough for the midgut gland to develop observable histological alterations.
Concerning the mean heights of F, R and B-cells in those animals gradually adapted from 33 to 16 psu, they were consistently smaller than those of animals gradually adapted from 33 to 29 psu (P < 0.05) and showed a mean value comparable to the control treatment when readapted to 33 psu for 30 days.
F, R and B-cells in animals abruptly transferred from 33 to 25 psu showed a tendency to decrease their mean height 96 h after transfer to this salinity and to recover a height comparable to the control treatment (33 psu, no salinity change) by 144 h after the transfer. These results suggest that it would take 96 h for a cell height change to become evident, and that by 144 h post-transfer, cells recover height values comparable to those of non-osmotically stressed individuals, thus indicating there could be an adaptation to the new osmotic conditions of the environment. Although the adaptation could be attributed to the osmotic change, the physiological processes that would cause it, are not
known. E-cells were the only cell type that did not suffer significant changes in height at any of the salinities and exposure times tested. A study by Shires et al. (1994) on the structural changes of the gill cells of Gammarus duebeni caused by osmotic stress, concluded that following a salinity change, cell structure shows signs of osmotically imposed stress for a number of hours but returns towards a normal appearance within 10-16 h. Because of the internal location of the midgut gland, this organ may take longer to respond than the gills which are in direct contact with the stressor.
It is important to notice that although we didn't determine the intermolt stage of the shrimps at dissection, the cytological differences that occur at different stages in the molt cycle are due to the mobilization of reserves during the phases in which the animal does not eat (12 h before and 4 h after exuviation in this species) (Petriella, 1984). These differences can be detected by electron microscopy (Al-Mohanna & Nott, 1989).
The capacity of the midgut gland for healing and modifying its epithelium's height in response to osmotic changes supports the idea of an organ with high plasticity. It is already known to be used as an organ to monitor and detect adverse or stressful conditions in the environment. This is also supported by this study and contributes towards increasing the information on this species with aquaculture potential.
This research was funded by grant PIP 112-20080102585 from CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Argentina. We thank Dr. Liliana G. Sousa for her assistance with sectioning and staining the histological material and Dr. Reg Blaylock for reviewing the manuscript.
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Icely, J.D. & J.A. Nott. 1992. Digestion and absorption: digestive system and associated organs. In: F.W. Harrison & A.G. Humes (eds.). Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates: decapod Crustacea. F.W. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 10: 147-201. [ Links ]
Johnston, D.J., C.G. Alexander & D. Yellowlees. 1998. Epithelial cytology and function in the digestive gland of Thenus orientalis (Decapoda, Scyllaridae). J. Crust. Biol., 18: 271-278. [ Links ]
Lightner, D.V. 1983. Diseases of cultured penaeid shrimp. In: J.P. McVey (ed.). CRC handbook of mariculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 289-320. [ Links ]
Loizzi, R.F. 1971. Interpretation of the crayfish hepatopancreatic function based on fine structural analysis of epithelial cell lines and muscle network. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat., 113: 420-440. [ Links ]
Ogle, J.T., K. Beaugez & J.M. Lotz. 1992. Effects of salinity on survival and growth of postlarval Penaeus vannamei. Gulf Res. Rep., 8: 415-421. [ Links ]
Petriella, A.M. 1984. Estudio del ciclo de muda del camarón Artemesia longinaris Bate (Decapoda, Penaeidae). I. Setogenesis. Physis, Sec. A, 42: 93-100. [ Links ]
Petriella, A.M. & M.C. Fonalleras. 1997. Citoarquitectura del hepatopáncreas del camarón Artemesia longinaris (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae). Physis Sec. A, 55: 25-30. [ Links ]
Piedad-Pascual, F., R.M. Coloso & C.T. Tamse. 1983. Survival and some histological changes in Penaeus monodon Fabricius juveniles fed various carbohydrates. Aquaculture, 31: 169-180. [ Links ]
Popescu-Marinescu, V., V. Manolache, M. Nastasescu & C. Marinescu. 1997. Structural modifications induced by cooper in Astacus leptodactylus (Crustacea, Decapoda) hepatopancreas. Rom. J. Biol. Sci., 1: 99-105. [ Links ]
Rangneker, P.V. & M.A. Momin. 1974. Histochemical studies on the distribution and hormonal regulation of carbohydrates in the hepatopancreas of the crab Scylla serrata (Forskal). Z. Mikrosk. Anat. Forsc., 5: 871-883. [ Links ]
Saoud, I.P. & D.A. Davis. 2003. Salinity tolerance of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus as it relates to postlarval and juvenile survival, distribution and growth in estuaries. Estuaries, 26: 970-974. [ Links ]
Shires, R., N.J. Lane, C.B.E. Inman & P.M. Lockwood. 1994. Structural changes in the gill cells of Gammarus duebeni (Crustacea, Amphipoda) under osmotic stress; with notes on microtubules in association with the septate junctions. Tissue Cell, 26: 767-778. [ Links ]
SPSS. 2002. Systat Version 10.0 & SPSS Version 11.5. SPSS, Chicago. [ Links ]
Vogt, G. 1990. Pathology of midgut gland-cells of Penaeus monodon postlarvae after Leucaena leucocephala feeding. Dis. Aquat. Org., 9: 45-61. [ Links ]
Vogt, G. 1994. Life-cycle and functional cytology of the hepatopancreatic cells of Astacus astacus (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoomorphology, 114: 83-101. [ Links ]
Venkataramiah, A., G.J. Lakshmi & G. Gunter. 1974. Studies on the effects of salinity and temperature on the commercial shrimp, Penaeus aztecus Ives, with special regard to survival limits, growth, oxygen consumption and ionic regulation. USAEWES Contract Report H-74-2: 130 pp. [ Links ]
Received: 26 June 2011; Accepted: 26 May 2012
Corresponding author: Ignacio Masson (firstname.lastname@example.com)


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Inside MobileMe: iPhone's Exchange alternative for contacts and calendarMobileMe's Exchange Server-style push updates for contacts and calendar events on the iPhone is entirely new from the previous .Mac. Here's how MobileMe relates to Exchange, how contacts and calendars work, and what's still missing in Apple's service related to calendar and contact management.
Inside MobileMe series segments
Inside MobileMe: Secrets of the Cloud and Mobile Push (Friday)
Inside MobileMe: Mac and PC cloud sync and mobile push (Saturday)
Inside MobileMe: Apple's Push vs Exchange, BlackBerry, Google (Monday)
Inside MobileMe: iPhone Mail (Tuesday)
Inside MobileMe: iPhone's Exchange alternative for contacts and calendar (Today)
Exchange for the rest of us
Shortly after the launch of MobileMe, Apple admitted that it may have oversold its new service as being an alternative to Exchange. After all, there is no mechanism for instant push from desktop apps to the cloud; Exchange is an always-on groupware server. Apple even pulled its "Exchange for the rest of us" line from its MobileMe marketing. However, the iPhone's calendar and contacts do currently perform push updates in both directions. Make a change on your iPhone, and you should see the update immediately on your Mac desktop and from the MobileMe web apps.
For iPhone and iPod touch users, that means MobileMe remains an "Exchange for the rest of us." As we noted in the segment on pricing comparisons, MobileMe offers a ground breaking level of service at a very competitive price, significantly lower than hosted Exchange Server plans that deliver far less storage space and don't provide WebDAV file and web hosting at all, nor MobileMe's other data synchronization features between linked computers.
In terms of reliability, while MobileMe is still less than a month old the new service now seems responsive and usable, although we'd warn users not to expect more from the service than they would from other consumer-oriented online services such as those from Google, Yahoo, or Hotmail. There's still additional features we'd like to see implemented, and Apple intends to invest in regular updates to ensure that the program is "a service we are all proud of by the end of this year." If Apple is able to reach that goal over the next five months, it will certainly accomplish more than just delivering "an Exchange for the rest of us."
The long road to Exchange
In comparison, Microsoft's Exchange Server began limited internal testing in 1993, and was only launched publicly in the middle of 1996. It would have been a real stretch to describe it as a reliable product anyone could be proud of until at least four and a half years later with the year end release of Exchange Server 2000.
In the last eight years since, Exchange has seen two major updates, and has now achieved a reputation of being difficult to match in features and broad support. It typically competes against IBM's Lotus (Notes) Domino Server on the high end and Kerio MailServer among smaller businesses looking for a more affordable solution with similar features.
Where there are many other mail-only servers, the options for comprehensive messaging servers that supply calendaring and contact updates (particularly those that push to mobile devices) are harder to find. That makes Apple's consumer-oriented MobileMe a pioneering new service for the industry, not just Apple. The company still has "a lot to learn" as Steve Jobs recently admitted in response to the high-profile launch problems that dogged its release, but it is well ahead of the game in delivering a service that works for consumers, is easy to setup and use, and is priced affordably.
Contacts and calendar events are specialized emails
Exchange Server pioneered the market for standardized corporate groupware alongside Lotus Notes, which was acquired by IBM in 1995. Exchange intended to adopt the ISO's ITU X-400 standard specification for email messaging servers, but just as Microsoft was bringing it to market, the ISO's IT-related standards bureaucracy was broadsided by rapid new innovation among Internet Engineering Task Force groups.
The practical IETF working group protocols beat the grandiose technology definitions outlined by ISO committees, leaving Exchange built around a dead-end architecture. Microsoft was forced to tack on an Internet Mail Connector to provide messaging interoperability with other standard mail transport servers on the Internet. While Internet standards quickly emerged on how to pass email between internet servers and to simple email client programs (including POP and IMAP), there were no functional standards that developed around how to pass around calendar and contact information.
Microsoft invented its own Messaging API, which treated contacts and calendar events as specialized email messages. The contacts and calendar folders in Exchange are simply mailboxes of emails that contain data that are interpreted by Outlook and represented as address book or calendar items. As with most other internal standards originated by Microsoft, the implementation was not intended to be widely interoperable. Instead, the MAPI specification rapidly changed in concert with every new release of Exchange and Outlook, making it difficult for third parties to offer fully compatible replacements to either Exchange or Outlook.
Microsoft began taking steps away from MAPI when it released Entourage for the Mac as a non-MAPI client to Exchange. It uses standard IMAP to talk to Exchange, which allowed Microsoft to retain the same model of contacts and calendar items as specialized emails while abandoning its oddball message passing system. To talk to mobile devices, Exchange similarly communicates by using semi-standard web updates through Exchange's Outlook Web Access web app rather than trying to spray MAPI commands over the open Internet. This type of connection is referred to as Exchange ActiveSync or EAS.
Apple and Exchange Server support
In order to make Macs more friendly with enterprise environments using Exchange, Apple has been adding Exchange support features to its desktop Mac OS X apps. Mail has long been able to automate the configuration of an IMAP connection to Exchange (provided the administrators enable IMAP on the server), and Address Book gained the ability to sync local contacts with Exchange via Outlook Web Access (below). Apple has not released support for iCal to directly sync with Exchange, but third party utilities do support bidirectional calendar sync for iCal. Mac OS X Snow Leopard is expected to provide complete, native support for syncing desktop data with Exchange using the same EAS technology Apple licensed for use with the iPhone.
Apple had been leaving Mac desktop Exchange support up to Microsoft with Entourage, but that product is regarded as a poor substitute to Outlook and has not made satisfactory progress in catching up over the last several years. Handling the Mac's Exchange support itself mirror's Apples strategy of supporting Microsoft's Office filetypes in iWork. Rather than being left at the mercy of third party developers, Apple now owns its own implementation of EAS sync with Exchange.
MobileMe uses its own sync technology between Mac OS X desktop apps and the cloud, and uses a unique mechanism for pushing updates down to client computers. The mobile push messaging system for the iPhone is also custom to Apple, although it results in similar functionality to EAS.
On page 2 of 3: iPhone MobileMe contacts; and Missing in contacts.

subset: commoncrawl


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Advent Calendar of Christmas Memories for December 1
The Christmas Tree
The Christmas Tree
This Blog is pleased to join with other GeneaBloggers around the world in presenting this Advent Calendar over the next 24 days leading up to the Christmas celebration - a different topic each day. We will attempt to post on each of the topics. Our invitation continues to be open to other writers to join us here with your comments (See Nov 29, Dec 5, Dec 12, and Dec 16 posts here - label 'Advent Calendar' - for the topics; or the link in the title, here).
The Christmas Tree
Over the years, I believe our family has had about every shape, size, type, and description of Christmas tree at one time or another. In the early years, we usually bought a tree from one of the local charitable organization's fundraiser lot. In more recent years, for various reasons, we moved to artificial trees of all sizes, depending on our residence at the time. We currently have a very small tree that sits on a table, with a few traditional ornaments, lights and little else (minimalism is 'in' at our small cabin these days).
Our family, Christmas 2008, at the cabin, in front of the tree
Our oldest daughter, Annette, and her husband, Larry, (left, above) at their home on Boulder Mountain in southern Utah, have begun a tradition of purchasing a $10 permit from the BLM (Bureau of Land Management) and go out on the mountain and choose and cut their tree (4 wheel drive Jeep, of course). It has been a great experience for them.
From Blog Follower Janice:
When I was a young child, we had a real tree probably about six feet tall. My parents and my youngest brother and I usually decorated it together. After it came down after New Year's Day, it seemed like we were picking needles out of the carpet for months.
Sometime during my teen years, we got an artifical tree. It always sat on the top of the TV. I don't know what year it was but could probably tell from pictures. Since my mother was allergic to real trees perhaps she didn't want to mess with it after my father died. I still have this tree in my basement and sometimes bring it upstairs for a second tree.
- - Thank you, Janice, for your comments.
Merry Christmas!
Families are Forever! ;-)


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Looking for a place for your son or daughter to hang out on Friday night? Drop you 10+ year old off at Tween Club and head to DSAW's parent's night out, or go out for a special dinner just the two of you. At DSAW's Tween club we'll be playing games, watching movies, making crafts and simply having a good time hanging out. We'll serve snacks and drinks, but the tweens should eat dinner beforehand. The club opens at 6:00pm and closes up around 9:00pm. Tween Club is a great way for your child to have a fun Friday night while making friends and getting active.
Tween Club is held on the second Friday of each month.


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I can't help thinking about hammocks as these big bulky static things that are on a stand in the back yard. They are always comfortable, it's just hard to think about them as mobile sleep systems (even though they were likely invented for that very purpose).
Eagle's Nest Outfitters has a really amazing hammock (it's actually comes in a double like the one we received to review) that is a full-fledged sleep system for camping (or the back yard).
When I say full-fledged I mean it too… we are talking about the whole kit and caboodle here:
- Your Choice of Hammock
- Your Choice of Rain Tarp
- Guardian Bugnet Included
- Slap Strap Pro or Atlas
- Set of Caribiners Included
- Set of Stakes Included
There are loads of choices with this system. The Hammock (Double) supports up to 400 pounds so you can have two people in it, or one guy with a big bones 🙂 The rain tarp keeps the rain off and looks pretty sharp. It is also pretty effective at keeping the sun off. The Guardian Bugnet is a complete wrap keeps the bugs at bay. Even if you are not sleeping, and want to enjoy the great outdoors without all the bugs feasting on you it is a great idea (especially when you consider West Nile, Dengue, Malaria, etc..)
The materials, the bag, and everything that comes with this sleep system are all great. Good build quality, thought behind the design, and thought behind the ease of setup/use.
All in all the Eagle's Nest Outfitters One Link Sleep System is an outstanding setup and a must have for any hiking enthusiast. I have no problem giving this Sleep System 5 out of 5 stars Eagle's Nest Outfitters did a really great job.


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U.S. agents try to seize $1.2 million more in probe of ex-Mexican treasurer
Federal authorities are trying to keep more than $1.2 million in a brokerage account of a company linked to a former treasurer of neighboring Coahuila state in Mexico as part of a money-laundering investigation.
The money is in a JP Morgan Chase Bank brokerage account in the name of Peninsula South Padre I LLC. Public records list as a company manager Oswaldo Coronado, 33, who was detained in February with the former treasurer, Hector Javier Villarreal, by sheriff's deputies in East Texas, only to be let go by federal authorities.
The company is also listed as the owner of a pair of commercial properties in Brownsville that the feds are trying to seize.
The forfeiture case is the latest development in a series of attempts by law enforcement to seize an additional $6.5 million in bank accounts, and a dozen properties in San Antonio, South Padre Island and the Rio Grande Valley, worth $20 million. Prosecutors have said in court documents that the properties were bought with laundered money.
When those filings were made public in the spring, state officials said Villarreal faced criminal charges, but Bexar County prosecutors said Friday that no charges have been filed.
The $6.5 million and the properties, which include a $1.2 million Stone Oak home, a CVS pharmacy in Stone Oak and the North Pointe Retail Center at Redland Road and U.S. 281, have been linked to companies run by people associated with Villarreal.
He is under investigation in Mexico over claims that he falsified documents to borrow more than $220 million on the credit of the state of Coahuila, then shuffled the money to family members, including some in the U.S.
The properties, according to court documents, are owned by companies created by Lorenzo Schuessler Jr., 37, a San Antonio businessman and former real estate agent who is related through marriage to Villarreal.
Peninsula South Padre is more directly connected to Coronado, who is married to Villarreal's sister, a court affidavit said. Coronado is alternately listed as manager and registered agent.
In March, agents with the DEA and Texas attorney general's office were investigating $3.25 million in three wire transfers to accounts held by Peninsula, which listed an address at 23930 Spring Scent in San Antonio and a second address at 780 S. Central Ave. in Brownsville, the affidavit said.
The agents found that Villarreal, 41, and his wife, Maria Teresita Botello, made the original offer on the Spring Scent home and that Schuessler signed at closing as their legal representative. At the time of purchase, in 2009, the home was valued at $575,000 and was bought with cash, the affidavit said.
Along with the properties in San Antonio and the bank accounts, the feds are seeking forfeiture of properties owned by Villarreal's family members in the Valley.
They're going after a condo unit on South Padre Island and a carwash in Harlingen. In Brownsville, they're trying to seize a house and several commercial properties, including an unfinished apartment complex, a gas station and another carwash at the corner of Boca Chica Boulevard and Padre Highway, a busy intersection home to a number of chain restaurants and stores.
Villarreal, a former computer equipment salesman who went into government service in 2008, was arrested in Mexico in October 2011 and was freed after posting bail of 10 million pesos, about $769,000.
In December 2011, former Coahuila Gov. Humberto Moreira stepped down as chief of the Institutional Revolutionary Party — whose presidential candidate won this year's election — because of Villarreal's arrest and claims in Mexico that Coahuila's massive debt was due to plundering of the state coffers by officials during Moreira's leadership.
Shortly after his release on bail, Villarreal came to the U.S.
The affidavit accuses Villarreal of laundering money he obtained via the wire transfers, but neither he, Coronado, Schuessler nor Botello has been charged.
Villarreal made headlines in February after he, Botello, 28, and Coronado were arrested in East Texas. Sheriff's deputies reported finding $67,000 in cash in the 2011 Mercedes SUV they were driving, which was registered to Schuessler. The affidavit said the trio's stories were inconsistent, and they were turned over to Homeland Security agents, who let them go.
Days later, the Mexican government issued Interpol warrants for Villarreal's arrest.
Their whereabouts are unknown.
In March, the Bexar County district attorney filed a lawsuit seeking to keep $6.5 million that the DEA and Texas AG's office seized from bank accounts linked to ALPES Group LLC and Toyland LLC, companies the government alleges Schuessler controlled for Villarreal. Only Schuessler and his companies are fighting the seizures.


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Facilitating the spread of knowledge and innovation in professional software development
Back to login
Kevlin Henney keynotes on some of the failures that people had in various projects and the lessons to be learned from them.
In this podcast, Daniel Bryant sat down with Bryan Liles, senior staff engineer at VMware. Topics covered included: the challenges with deploying applications into Kubernetes, using the open source Octant tool to increase a user's understanding of Kubernetes clusters, and how "serverless" technologies may influence the future approaches to building software.
In this article, author Roshan Kumar discusses how a purpose-built database like RedisTimeSeries can be used to manage time-series data. He also shows how to visualize this data in a Grafana dashboard.
Sandy Mamoli shares from her successes and failures in her team's quest to create a self-organizing organization, what worked and what didn't.
Kirsten Newcomer identifies the most common layers in a typical container deployment, and discusses technologies and deployment patterns that can be used to ensure strong multi-tenancy at each layer. She also touches on best practices for managing container content, and registries, the build process, and the deployment process in a multi-tenant cluster.
Software Dev Conference
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Product Details
- Inc VAT: £88.74
- Product Code: SPF600LG
Strut Pro Adjustable Leg Framework Set - 1200 x 600mm (HDG)
- Direct Channel's newest range of Strut Pro Adjustable Leg Framework Sets for flat roof support applications.
- Quick and easy to install (No welding or cutting needed)
- Available in 600, 800, 1000, 1500 and 2000mm Lengths x 1200mm Width.
- Specific lengths and individual frameworks can be made to order.
- Fully adjustable heavy duty telescopic legs with M24 Galvanised Lock Nuts.
- Heavy Duty Construction for all weather conditions.
- Fits into any 41mm x 41mm Rubberfoot floor mounts (Uni350 - Sold Separately)
- No penetration of waterproof membrane
- Suitable for A/C units, walkways, pipework and cable containment
- Hot-Dipped Galvanised Steel (HDG)
- Load Rating Per Framework: 400kg
- Compatible with all UniStrut Channel & Bracketry.
- Comes complete with:
-Strut Pro Cross Brace Bracket (x4)
-41mm Slotted Channel - HDG x 1.2m (x2)
-41mm Slotted Channel - HDG x 600mm (x2)
-M10 Plain Channel Nuts (x16)
-M10 x 35mm Hex Head Set Screw (x16)
-41mm Plastic End Caps (x8)
Sold as a Set (Rubber Uni350 Feet Sold Separately)
Tags: Strut Pro, unistrut, channel, hdg, galvanised, flexi foot, base plate, air conditioning units, walkway, ductwork, pipework, cable containment, flat roofs,


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Support the Glass Message Board by finding a book via book-seek.com
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That seems to be the case with a lot of sellers in the states too. Sometimes when I do a search on 'murano' I turn up pages and pages of mislabeled chinese weights.
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Microsoft Alumni Scholarship
Amount: $1,343; 2 awarded
Due Date: Friday, February 22, 2019
Keep this scholarship funded for future generations.
Offered to a new or currently enrolled student with sophomore, junior or senior standing attending full time, who has demonstrated the goal of applying technology (use of computers, computer software, electronic communications or digital media) to a discipline of study through past individual or academic projects. Applicants need not come from exclusively computer science backgrounds. All disciplines are encouraged to apply. Financial need must be demonstrated.
- Letter of application addressing your qualifications that includes a proposal for the project you hope to pursue. The proposal should explain how you will incorporate computing into your discipline. Proposals will be evaluated for clarity and thoroughness, how realistic and attainable the goal is, creativity (e.g., is this new work that will stretch current thinking?) and utility within and outside of academics. Include a statement related to your financial need.
- A portfolio containing examples of past work.
- Two letters of recommendation written within the past year.
- Transcripts from Evergreen or each college previously attended (see How to Apply #3).
- FAFSA or WASFA (see How to Apply #4).


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AMERICUS, Ga. – As the race to secure a position in the Peach Belt Conference tournament begins to wind down, the Georgia Southwestern Lady Hurricanes were looking to improve their chances by any means necessary. Saturday's double header versus the Columbus State University Cougars (27-17, 6-8) saw the Blue & Gold take advantage of half of their opportunities in the 1-6, 2-1 split.
GAME ONE: Georgia Southwestern-1 Columbus State University-6
The victory in game one of the day by the Cougars was an open and shut case. CSU would score in the top of the first inning and never trail throughout the game. Columbus State's Mollie Russell would keep the Hurricanes at bay in the win. The junior pitched six innings giving up five hits, one earned run, five walks and three strikeouts. Her five walks were not capitalized on by the GSW offense as the 'Canes left nine runners on base in game one.
The lead was taken in the first inning by CSU's Kara Gordon's RBI single, which drove in Morgan Knight. The slim one-run lead was pushed to four runs with the three-run second inning. The scoring run was capped by Kristen Gregory's two-run home run over the centerfield fence.
GSW's only run would come in the second inning off the bat of Mason Moreland who slapped a pitch the opposite way past the Cougar left side of the infield. Her single would bring home Katie Wooten, which cut the lead down to three runs. That would prove to be the closest GSW would come for the rest of the game.
The two insurance runs for the visitors would come in the fifth and sixth innings via shortstop Kara Gordon and pinch hitter Lucy Lamb.
The first through fourth hitters for GSW accounted for five of the team's hit. The quartet was led by Hayley Knight who was the only Hurricane hitter with multiple hits.
GAME TWO: Georgia Southwestern-2 Columbus State University-1
"Hurricane Heartbreak" has been a painful alliteration for the Lady 'Canes this season. Six times the Lady Hurricanes have lost by one run, which includes a handful of games lost in the final inning. However in game two of the day, it was the Blue & Gold that doled out the heartbreak.
Columbus State got off to a commanding start on the arm of repeat PBC Freshman of the Week Tara Turner. Turner would retire the first twelve batters she faced in order, which included five strikeouts in the first four innings of the game. She would be given a one-run lead in the third inning when Casey Googe would double to left field scoring Nina Rubio from third base.
The Hurricanes would get their first hit off Turner in the fifth inning when Avery Purser hit a lead-off double to also give the Lady 'Canes their first runner in scoring position. The fifth inning would prove to just be a threat and nothing more as Purser would never get passed third base.
A pair of singles in the sixth by Jessica Chewning and Mason Moreland saw GSW get half of their four total hits in one inning. Yet just as she had in the inning before, Tara Turner would get out of the inning unscathed.
The same could not be said in the seventh inning.
Columbus State Head Coach Brad Huskisson elected to go to the bullpen in the one-run game and brought in the winner in the previous game, Mollie Russell, for the save opportunity. Russell, who had struggled with her command in game one with five walks, would get off on the wrong foot in the seventh with a lead-off walk to Gabby Buck. The free pass was compounded in the next at-bat as Purser hit into what should have been a fielder's choice with the force out at second. Kristen Gregory's throw to second base from third would be high allowing Buck to reach safely. With two on, Coach Eddie Ward elected to insert a pair of pinch runners (Katie Maddox and Erin Vick).
The troublesome situation for Russell would be compounded when she threw a wild pitch to Rachel McElroy that allowed Maddox and Vick to move to third and second. McElroy would go down without incident as her groundball to second was not deep enough to give Maddox the chance to score. She would get her chance in the next at-bat on a Katie Wooten fielder's choice to Casey Googe at shortstop, but Maddox would be gunned down by Googe at the plate.
With runners on the corners and two outs, Ashley Cavender would step to the plate with a chance to deliver. The freshman designated player would deliver the goods on a game-winning double. The left-handed Cavender would drive the ball to left center field. The shot would sail just by CSU's Branigan Wix's glove. The shot would easily score Vick from third, and then the ball rolled on deeper into left. Wooten would round third and score as the throw from the outfield would reach the infield as the Hurricanes rushed Cavender at second capping the walk-off win.
The win was powered by senior pitcher Jessica Martin. Martin limited Columbus State to just one earned run in her seven innings on four hits with four walks and six strikeouts. The victory gave the senior from Woodstock her eighth win of the season, which is a career high for wins in a season in her four-year career.
Sophomore Mason Moreland would single in both games to add to her streak at the plate. She has now reached base safely in 16 consecutive games after having a streak of twelve games snapped earlier in the season.
The split with the Cougars pushes the Georgia Southwestern record to 18-26 (3-13 PBC). The Lady Hurricanes enter their last week of the season. They will open their stretch of eight games in five days with their last home non-conference double header of the season. GSW will play host to the Lady Barons of Brewton-Parker College on Tuesday, April 10th at 3:00 p.m. The Lady Hurricanes swept Brewton-Parker 2-1, 3-2 back in February.


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She's hardly bigger than a petite filet, but Nicole Brisson is poised to make a big splash on our local and national food scene. Don't let her size fool you. This 5-foot-2 dynamo can handle a slab of steer meat, or a kitchen of busy line cooks, with the best of them, which is why Mario Batali has made her top toque at Carnevino—his palace of prime in the Palazzo.
The 30-year-old's pedigree is as impressive as the dry-aged steaks she serves. Starting as a prep cook in upstate New York when she was a mere 14, she went on to Johnson & Wales University, the renowned cooking school, before Italian food expert Faith Willinger arranged for her to stage at some of the best kitchens in Italy before Stephen Kalt brought her to Vegas to open Corsa Cucina in the Wynn in 2005. From there she worked at Bartolotta, then jumped across Spring Mountain Road in 2007 to the Batali/Bastianich universe, rising through the ranks to take over the Carnevino kitchen in June 2010.
That universe keeps expanding (a Molto Mario Hong Kong restaurant is in the works), as do Brisson's horizons. "I trained as a classical chef, but now my life is dominated by meat," she tells us with a twinkle in her eye. She's being tight-lipped about it, but we have it on good authority she's been cast in a very popular cooking show for the upcoming season—meaning this petite purveyor of prime is ready for prime time.


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Baseball Pitcher & Player of the Week
KANSAS CITY, Mo. - Andy Kovarik of Saint Xavier (Ill.) has been named the NAIA National Baseball Pitcher of the Week and teammate Brad Myjak has been tabbed National Baseball Player of the Week, the national office announced Tuesday. Kovarik and Myjak were selected based on their performances from April 9 - 15 and were chosen out of a poll of conference/independent/unaffiliated groupings.
Kovarik tossed eight innings to earn the victory in the Cougars 9-3 win against NCAA Division I Northwestern (Ill.) on April 10. The Crystal Lake, Ill., native scattered three hits, struck out three and walked four in his longest outing of the season. All three runs allowed by the freshman right-hander were unearned.
On the year, Kovarik is 3-0 with a 2.70 earned run average in six appearances.
Myjak, a Tinley Park, Ill. native, hit .441 with two home runs, three doubles, 13 runs scored and 22 RBIs to lead Saint Xavier to a 5-3 record during the week, including a victory against Northwestern and a sweep of Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference rival Trinity International (Ill.). The sophomore left fielder opened the week with a home run, two runs scored and four RBIs in a 2-for-5 effort against the Wildcats. Myjak's home run came in the first inning, which sparked the nine run output by the Cougars. He continued to assert himself as a dominant force in the middle of the Saint Xavier lineup with two additional four RBI games in the Cougar's 27-6 and 18-6 wins against Trinity International on April 11. In weekend action against Purdue North Central (Ind.), Myjak went 5-for-13 (.385) including a four-hit and seven-RBI effort in game one on April 15.
On the season, Myjak ranks 12th nationally with 49 RBIs and currently owns a .309 batting average and .551 slugging percentage. Additionally, he leads the team with six home runs and ranks second in doubles with 13.
For a complete listing of all the national statistical leaders, click here.
The next NAIA Baseball Pitcher and Player of the Week announcement will be on April 24.
Pitcher Nominees: Rodney McKay, Tougaloo (Miss.); Chad Hardison, Oklahoma Baptist; Lucas Carls, Dordt (Iowa); Ryan Richardson, Campbellsville (Ky.); Josh Dreier, Arizona Christian; Zach Armstrong, Texas at Brownsville; Matt Klein, Park (Mo.); Nick Smart, Jamestown (N.D.); Will Scott, Peru State (Neb.); Devin Stovall, Cumberland (Tenn.); Matt Royal, Kansas Wesleyan; Derek Peluso, Point Park (Pa.); Ian Hamilton, Ashford (Iowa); Josh Culler, Tennessee Wesleyan; Michael Carden, Auburn Montgomery (Ala.); Adam Miller, South Carolina Beaufort; Taylor Nicholson, College of Idaho; Kyle Barr, Mount Vernon Nazarene (Ohio); Dustin Phelps, Oklahoma Wesleyan; Partick Yochum, Indiana Southeast; Jack Scheel, Concordia (Mich.); Derek Benny, Fresno Pacific (Calif.).
Player Nominees: Rodney McKay, Tougaloo (Miss.); Chris Cravotta, Thomas (Ga.); Derek Glenn, MidAmerica Nazarene (Kan.); Chance Kopacz, Campbellsville (Ky.); Eduardo Fernandez, Wiley (Texas); Mike Greco, Arizona Christian; Derek Wallace, Jamestown (N.D.); Chris Cain, Bethel (Tenn.); Brandon Trodick, Kansas Wesleyan; Chad Kruse, Houston-Victoria (Texas); Ignatius Mackenzie, Indiana Tech; Marlon Leyva, Point Park (Pa.); Damil Reyes, Ashford (Iowa); Dane Phillips, Oklahoma City; Mike Miranda, Shorter (Ga.); Brandon Arnold, Alice Lloyd (Ky.); Kyle Turner, Missouri Baptist; David Kowal, Briar Cliff (Iowa); Tyler Andazola, College of Idaho; Josh Wilson, Reinhardt (Ga.); Joe Garcia, York (Neb.); Justin Repullo, Ave Maria (Fla.); Rhett Goodmiller, Taylor (Ind.); Johnathan Erb, Azusa Pacific (Calif.).
2012 Composite Award Winners (Pitcher; Player)
Week 1: Kris Hall, Lee (Tenn.); Ignatius Mackenzie, Indiana Tech
Week 2: Tyler Garkow, Point Loma Nazarene (Calif.); Daniel Hall, Sterling (Kan.)
Week 3: Drew Sain, Davenport (Mich.); Ryne Otis, Taylor (Ind.)
Week 4: Daniel Jones, Brewton-Parker (Ga.); Adam McCormick, Tabor (Kan.)
Week 5: Kemonte Keesee, Bryan (Tenn.); Bryan Lucas, The Master's (Calif.)
Week 6: Andy Kovarik, Saint Xavier (Ill.); Brad Myjak, Saint Xavier (Ill.)


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FL Studio 9.5 Beta!
Click on the image above to see a video with the key additions and changes shown.
FL Studio 9.5 Notable Changes
FL Studio 9.5 beta incorporates a number of enhancements and new features based on ongoing development and customer input. These include:
All plugins @ $49 (each) till the end of August :
- Sytrus : $49 (instead $179)
- Maximus : $49 (instead of $189)
- Morphine : $49 (instead of $159)
- Toxic Biohazard : $49 (instead of $99)
- Drumaxx : $49 (instead of $99)
- Poizone : $49 (instead of $79)
- Gross Beat : $49 (instead of $99)
- ....
You can get them in our shop.
Watch out for ...
Newtone is in Alpha testing. Newtone is a pitch correction and time-stretching native plugin for FL Studio. Here's a sneak peak at the alpha in action.
Newtone, coming to FL Studio soon
FL Studio used for 'Snoopy Flying Ace' sound design
Joshua Olmos, composer and sound designer notes:
"All of the music was composed in FL Studio and all sound effects were designed in FL Studio".
Click the picture right to see the trailer or jump to the original Looptalk thread.
See all our videos first on YouTube


text:
• Campaigns and Campaign Activities in Calendar View: It allows the user to view present, past and future campaigns/campaign activities.
• Timeline View (Year/Quarter/Month/Week): This will allow the user to view data in the different time span.
• Collapse and Expand Campaigns: The user can use collapse or expand functionality to view more/fewer data about a specific campaign.
• System and Personal Views: The user can select any view from view selection and data will be filtered accordingly.
• Drag & Drop: To change the dates of any records user can just drag & drop or they resize the campaign/campaign activity window.
• Color Coding: User can quickly identify different campaigns and campaign activities based on color codes.
• Open Entity Record: Double-click on any campaign or campaign activity to open CRM record.
• Filter: Filter option will allow the user to filter records based on specific condition.
Minimum supported platform version: 8.2


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HDTV Year in Review
First it was shark attacks and the Gary Condit debacle, and then came September 11. The year 2001 wasn't a great one overall, but it was pretty good for high-definition television (HDTV), which continues to make steady advances despite the drooping economy.
Acting on a mandate from Congress, broadcast stations started making the change from the old analog NTSC system to a new digital TV standard in November 1998. During the first two years of the transition, progress was snail-like. The early digital sets were prohibitively expensive, technical uncertainties surrounded the transmission standard, and broadcasters - with the notable exception of CBS - were reluctant to commit to anything beyond a spotty schedule of high-def programming. But things turned around enough on nearly all fronts in 2001 to suggest that the digital TV transition is finally on track.
The most obvious sign of the turnaround has been the wide variety of options for those buying an HDTV set. This past year saw the introduction of rear-projection high-def sets selling for less than $2,000 and integrated HDTVs with FireWire (a.k.a. IEEE 1394) ports for connecting a digital VCR and future devices like FireWire-equipped cable boxes and satellite tuners. It also saw new high-def channels pop up on satellite and an increased commitment to high-def programming from ABC, PBS, and NBC. The one area where HDTV didn't make any appreciable progress is cable. And with two-thirds of U.S. households hooked up to the various cable systems, the lack of action on that front remains a serious problem.
With all that in mind, let's take a quick trip through the year's HDTV highlights.


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HappyEndingsTM One Size Cloth Diaper Cover AI2 + Insert "Vintage Bunnies"
sold out
HappyEndingsTM One Size Cloth Diaper Cover AI2 + Insert "Vintage Bunnies"
About the Product
- 100% polyester fabric laminated in PUL.
- Versatile: Use as an AI2 by adding one of our Stay-Dry Snap-in 5 Layer Charcoal Bamboo Inserts. Also accommodates inserts, prefolds, and fitteds. The generic snap allows use of most kinds of snap-in inserts.
- Reusable/Eco-Friendly: Use 3-4 times before washing. Wipe clean between uses and replace soiled insert. This cover also dries quickly on the line, conserving energy.
- One Size Fit: Fits babies from 8-30lbs with a generous 3x3 adjustable rise and a double row of top snaps for the perfect fit.
- Features: Snap for snap-in insert, front and back flap pocket for holding inserts and prefolds in place. Gentle double leg gussets for preventing leaks.
- Breathable: Breathable, waterproof polyester PUL helps keep baby's skin dry and comfortable.
Add To Cart
Made in China


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Food, Family and Fun
Animals for Adoption
Your Fork
Turner Memorial Fishing Derby Saturday
Send a link to a friend
[June 05, 2014]
LINCOLN - Nathan Turner, former city
council man and resident of Lincoln, was an avid fisherman and
outdoorsman. He grew up attending the Park District Fishing Derby
and cared deeply about passing his love of fishing and the outdoors
on to other children. His family wanted to support the fishing derby
to keep his memory alive and spread his love of fishing and the
outdoors. He is survived by his wife, Sarah; his son, Benjamin; his
parents Dan & Nancy; his sisters, Janell and Nanette; and many other
loving family members and friends.
The FREE Fishing Derby is hosted by the Hickory Lane Campground
near Atlanta. In the past, the pond has been stocked just days
before the event.
Prizes will be awarded in several different categories in this
competitive but fun event. The Turner family and the Lincoln City
Police D.A.R.E program will sponsor the free derby.
Police Chief Ken Greenslate will be on hand cooking hotdogs and
providing sodas to the fishermen and their families.
Parental approval is a must and parents are encouraged to attend.
Ages: 4-15
Time: 9:00 a.m. – Noon
Date: Saturday, June 7
Fee: FREE
[Text received; SARAH TURNER]
Recent articles
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Young people are more financially responsible than the conventional wisdom implies.
According to a new study from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Arizona State University, college-age kids--18 to 21--are significantly more savvy with credit than previously assumed and are among the least likely to default on credit cards.
The study, which examined national credit card data from 2005 to 2008, determined that credit card holders under 21 are actually among the more-responsible credit users, according to CNBC. They are more likely to pay on time and less likely to pay a bill 90 days late or more. They are also 12 percent less likely to seriously default than a 40-year-old and are more likely to receive a mortgage while young.
The study says there is "no compelling evidence that young borrowers are bad borrowers."
Despite generally positive findings for young borrowers, the study did find that when a young person is first establishing credit, they are more likely to commit delinquencies and pay 30 to 60 days later than their older counterparts. These late payments end quickly, however, as young people begin to understand the credit system.
"There are some big benefits to getting a credit card early, so parents don't need to freak out about it," study co-author Andra Ghent, said assistant professor in the W.P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State, said in a release. "They may well be able to manage it just fine."
In 2009, Congress passed the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure (CARD) Act, which prohibits lenders from issuing a card to anyone under 21, unless they can prove they have independent means or a co-signer. For the study, anyone with a co-signed card was excluded from study.
According to the report, the number of people under 21 with a credit card has dropped by 18 percent, since the CARD Act was implemented. Based on the research conducted, this delay in establishing credit may actually lead to negative credit history or delayed mortgage in the future.


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"That's My Boy"
Adam Sandler stars in "That's My Boy," as a dirt bag with a huge debt who discovers that his estranged son, Andy Samberg, is rich, and drops in unannounced in the hopes of rekindling their relationship so he can get a loan. Opens June 15.
We don't waste our time on anything not worth your time. We celebrate the best of what's coming on film and TV. We cheer when our expectations are met and criticize when we're let down.


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The most beautiful designs are the -simplest designs; not the easiest to make, usually, but the purest. A pure design has been distilled to its essence—a word, an image, an idea; to add or subtract a single part will diminish it. As a rule, the stronger the design, the fewer its parts, and the fewer the differences between the parts. Instead of two typefaces, use one. Instead of three sizes, use two. Pay attention to negative space; every image that you place creates an opposite and equal negative space that affects the design. And so on. To illustrate, designer John Odam -created five CD covers for us whose simplicity conveys astonishing clarity. Have a look at how it's done.
Two squiggly shapes The beautiful piano cover forms an unbroken line from left to bottom, dividing the space into only two shapes, positive and negative. The effect is silent, regal and emotive. Keyboard and pianist are offstage, yet present in the air. One, low-key typeface (Myriad) alone in the white space draws the viewer into the quiet. Note that Solitudes' color matches the strings.
Where do the words go? In this case, simplicity means one kind of thing—this like that. The invisible left margin matches the right, not precisely but perceptually; they feel alike. Hale Thatcher is flush to the center, which is also the point of the piano cover.
The not-so-simple problem of borders
It looks innocent enough. You start with a square, and onto it place a snapshot-shaped image (6x4), leaving a small -border. Visually, what's just happened? Your mind says you see a rectangle atop a square, but your eyes see more.
You see the square and rectangle, all right, but what you haven't noticed . . .
. . . are the four rectangles you've added (above left). You also haven't noticed the phantom lines now "connecting the dots" between corners. Result: Instead of two objects (some viewers perceive only one) you have six, in five different proportions, pulling your eye to and fro unintentionally.
Add a circle to the scene and the accidental shapes increase exponentially; your eyes now trace all kinds of oddball niches and cubbyholes, none of which you can design until you're aware they -exist.
That's visual complexity.
Solution? Lose the unintended shapes! Here are the square and rectangle without borders, and what a difference! Two clear objects (three, actually), in harmonious proportions—one-third, two-thirds, three-thirds (square); none are accidental. Note that white is not a passive backdrop, but an active color in the composition.
That's simple.
Two rectangles divide the field into a dark half and a white half. The white doesn't look empty, does it? It's playing a very active role. As a beautiful alternative, darken the white half (below), which effectively creates a solid field punctuated by a ragged spot of light in the corner, identical in concept to the piano cover. Although tiny, type on the boundary commands great attention by its isolation.
If WET was not on the edge but above it, the result would be another shape between word and image, adding complexity.
Two squares Beautifully serene, here an inner square echoes an outer. The size difference is so great that the "border" effect does not occur; the eye perceives two distinct fields. In the square, overlays—normally complex—work. Why? Because they're repeating shapes, the same thing again and again. Circles repeated within the squares complement perfectly.
Convex, concave curves Circular glass divides dark space from light; rim and liquid form more circles. Straight straw is the visual "interrupter;" by splitting the title it creates a "look again" double-take. Artists' list (note its lowercase setting) turns an attractive but meaningless image into excellent communication; cover it with your thumb and see what it adds.
A crossing line A face in silhouette alters an otherwise symmetrical photograph. To restore balance, the type aligns flush left (note really short lines) on the center axis. Yellow field echoes the sunset and makes a neutral background for the black headline and white subhead.
Designs by John Odam. An award-winning graphic designer, John Odam is highly respected by B&A for his -creative versatility. He understands and meets the artistic demands of visual communication, and he offers multiple solutions. John has -co--authored the books Start with a Scan, Start with a Digital Camera (Peachpit Press) and The Gray Book (Ventana Press), all of which display his distinctive style of simple beauty.
This article is excerpted from Before & After, How to design cool stuff, Issue 34, May 2003, and is reprinted here by permission. Copyright ©2003, Before & After magazine, all rights reserved.


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text: Shop Gift Card PreviousProbiotic Flora FEM Gift Card Gift Card from 25.00 Purchasing this digital gift card creates a unique code. The gift card recipient can enter this code at checkout to subtract the gift card value from their order total.This gift card never expires. Value: Select Value $25.00$50.00$75.00$100.00$150.00 Add To Cart Facebook0 Twitter LinkedIn0


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Find us on:
P.O. Box 1545New York, NY 10159-1545
1-877-588-7904 (Voice - Toll-free)630-604-6078 (FAX)
ThyCa: Thyroid Cancer Survivors' Association, Inc. provides education and support services to patients and families to help them better understand thyroid cancer, learn from others' experiences, and communicate with professionals. Support services and resources include an educational Web site that links survivors and health care professionals around the world, local support groups, eleven e-mail support groups, additional online communities, person-to-person support matched by diagnosis, a free downloadable low-iodine cookbook, free booklet Thyroid Cancer Basics, free patient information packets, a free newsletter, awareness materials, Neck Check cards, Thyroid Cancer Awareness Month, seminars, workshops, and the annual International Thyroid Cancer Survivors' Conference. ThyCa also sponsors thyroid cancer research grants, as well as awareness programs and outreach to the public, for early detection.
ThyCa Journeys: free online newsletter
Thursday, Nov 10, 2011
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Richard Attenborough, Acclaimed Actor & Director, Dies at 90by Thomas Chau | PopCrush
Richard Attenborough, acclaimed British actor and director, has died at 90. According to CBS News, his son, Michael Attenborough, made the confirmation to the BBC.
Richard Attenborough first started as an actor as far back as 1942 in the movie 'In Which We Serve.' His acting career spanned nearly seven decades, with his best known theatrical roles being Santa Claus/Kris Kringle in the remake of 'Miracle of 34th Street,' and InGen CEO John Hammond in 'Jurassic Park' and 'The Lost World: Jurassic Park.'
As a director, his greatest work was the 1982 film 'Gandhi' based on the life work of Mohandas K. Gandhi. The film won nine Academy Awards that year, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor in a Leading Role (which went to Ben Kingsley). Other notable films directed by Attenborough include 1985's 'A Chorus Line' and 1992's 'Chaplin' starring Robert Downey Jr. as Charlie Chaplin.
We send our condolences to to the Attenborough family and his fans worldwide.


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A luteinizing hormone test measures the
amount of luteinizing
hormone (LH) in a sample of blood or urine. LH is
produced by the
pituitary gland.
A luteinizing hormone (LH) test may be
done to:
Many medicines, such as cimetidine,
clomiphene, digitalis, and levodopa, can change your results. You may be asked
to stop taking medicines (including birth control pills) that contain
estrogen or
progesterone or both for up to 4 weeks before having a
luteinizing hormone (LH) test. Make sure your doctor has a complete list of all
the prescription and over-the-counter medicines you are taking, including herbs
and natural substances.
Tell your doctor if you have had a test
that used a radioactive substance (tracer) within the last 7 days. Recent tests
(such as a thyroid scan or bone scan) using a radioactive tracer can interfere
with LH test results.
Let your doctor know the first day of your
last menstrual period. If your bleeding pattern is light or begins with
spotting, the first day is the day of heaviest bleeding.
Talk to
your doctor about any concerns you have regarding the need for the test, its
risks, how it will be done, or what the results will mean. To help you
understand the importance of this test, fill out the
medical test information form(What is a PDF document?).
The health professional drawing blood
For women, more than one blood sample may be needed to
get an accurate indication of luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Several blood
samples may be taken in one day, or one sample may be taken each day for
several days in a row.
To determine if you are
ovulating, a sample of your first urine of the morning is usually tested. It is
important to follow the package directions exactly if you are doing home
ovulation testing on a urine sample.
You may also be given a plastic test strip to hold in the
urine stream. The test strip has a color indicator on it that can detect
luteinizing hormone (LH).
You may feel nothing at all from the
needle puncture, or you may feel a brief sting or pinch as the needle goes
through the skin. Some people feel a stinging pain while the needle is in the
vein. But many people do not feel any pain (or have only minor discomfort) once
the needle is positioned in the vein.
Collecting a urine sample does not
normally cause any discomfort.
There are no risks linked with
collecting a urine sample.
A luteinizing hormone test measures the
amount of luteinizing
hormone (LH) in a sample of blood or urine.
LH levels depend on a person's age and stage of sexual development, and,
in a woman, on the phase of her
menstrual cycle. The urine test to determine whether a
woman is ovulating detects only the presence (positive result) or absence
(negative result) of LH.
The normal values listed here—called a reference range—are just a guide. These ranges vary from lab to lab, and your lab may have a different range for what's normal. Your lab report should contain the range your lab uses. Also, your doctor will evaluate your results based on your health and other factors. This means that a value that falls outside the normal values listed here may still be normal for you or your lab. Ask your doctor for normal values of your luteinizing hormone
Follicular phase:
international units per liter (IU/L)
Midcycle peak:
Luteal phase:
Most home urine tests to predict ovulation determine only
the presence of LH (called qualitative testing) and not the specific level or
quantity. Home urine test results are either "positive" (LH is present) or
"negative" (LH is not present).
Many conditions can change LH levels. Your doctor will
discuss any significant abnormal results with you in relation to your symptoms
and past health.
High luteinizing hormone values in a
woman may mean:
High luteinizing hormone values in a man may mean:
Low luteinizing hormone values in a man
or woman may mean:
Results of the luteinizing
hormone test may be affected by:
CitationsPagana KD, Pagana TJ (2010). Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.Other Works ConsultedChernecky CC, Berger BJ (2008). Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 5th ed. St. Louis: Saunders.Fischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2009). Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Next Section:
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Last Revised:
May 18, 2011
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Femi Olatunbosun, MB, FRCSC - Obstetrics and Gynecology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


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Regular price
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Sale Ends Once The Timer Hits Zero!
All of our Hooded Blankets are custom-made-to-order and handcrafted to the highest quality standards.
Please allow 7-9 days to receive a tracking number while your order is hand-crafted, packaged and shipped from our facility. Estimated shipping time is 2-4 weeks.
Processing Time: 3-5 Business Days
Standard Shipping Time: 10-20 Business Days.
Please allow 5-7 days to receive a tracking number while your order is packaged and shipped from our facility.
We truly believe we make some of the most innovative products in the world, and we want to make sure we back that up with a risk-free ironclad 30 day guarantee.
If you don't have a positive experience for ANY reason, we will do WHATEVER it takes to make sure you are 100% satisfied with your purchase.
Buying items online can be a daunting task, so we want you to realize that there is absolute ZERO risk in buying something and trying it out. If you don't like it, no hard feelings we'll make it right.
We have 24/7/365 Ticket and Email Support. Please contact us if you need assistance.
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text:
作者:潮夕 於 2013-11-21 04:00 發表於 最熱鬧的華人社交網路--貝殼村|
I want you to patiently read this offer. I am mrs.Victoria Yaron Mamadou, the wife to the deceased former Head of Delegation to the World Bank in West Africa. My husband was the linkman between the Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries - OPEC and the petroleum sector in a West African country. He also attends OPEC meetings constantly in Geneva before his death caused by cardiac arrest in our home town.
Through the sale of our allocated oil quota in OPEC, he was able to make ($12.million USD) (TWELVE MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS)I want you to assist me to claim this money as i cannot claim it directly because he made the deposit as a fund belonging to his business associate in order not to raise eyebrow since he was a civil servant during that time, and the code of conduct bureau forbids him or his wife to acquire such amount of money. It is on this basis that I am contacting you for assistance, if you will be interested, claim documents will been processed and sent to you. The documents with which the fund is deposited will be amended to reflect you as the beneficiary so that you will be eligible to collect the fund as his business associate.
You shall be entitled to 30% of the total funds while the rest will be given to me on arrival in your country for the up keeping of my only son and for further investment under your kind control there in your country as I can not be able to do any investment here in West Africa due to the origin of the said fund.
I will not fail to bring to your notice that this business is risk free and doesn't have any negative implication. You should not entertain any fear as all modalities for the smooth and easy transfer of this fund have been finalized. If you can conveniently assure me of your ability to keep this business very secret and confidential, you can write back to me for further details. I am waiting for your fast mail as soon as you read this mail for more information.
Yours Faithfully,
Mrs.Victoria Yaron.


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text:
Julie Leff
f i n e a r t i s t
oil on canvas
18Ē x 24Ē
The original of this painting is not available.
Archival pigment prints on canvas available at various sizes and prices.
(What is an archival pigment print?)
© 2005 - 2019 Julie Leff - All images are the property of Julie Leff and are protected by American, Canadian and international copyright laws.No image may be reproduced, copied, or stored without written permission from Julie Leff. Unauthorized use of any image from this site is a violation of applicable laws.


text:
SEOUL (Reuters) - Samsung Electronics Co said on Tuesday it is considering various options to improve competitiveness of its loss-making LCD flat-screen business but declined to comment on a media report that it may spin off the operation.
The potential restructuring comes after it ended its liquid crystal display (LCD) venture with Sony Corp recently and as demand growth for flat-screens weakened sharply due to rising competition from China and slack television sales globally.
Major display makers from Samsung to LG Display Co are shifting to a newer type of flat-screen display called organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which is currently used mainly in high-end smartphones, betting the new technology will replace LCD in larger-sized screens such as TV displays.
The South Korean firm said earlier this month that it may fully take over its unlisted OLED making unit Samsung Mobile Display.
Some analysts believe Samsung may merge the more profitable OLED business with its LCD operation and convert part of LCD production capacity into OLED manufacturing lines.
"We are internally reviewing various options but nothing has been decided yet," Samsung spokesman James Chung said.
The Chosun Ilbo reported on Tuesday in an unsourced report that Samsung was considering spinning off its LCD business, which incurred more than 1 trillion won ($891 million) in operating loss in 2011.
Samsung vies with local rival LG Display for the title of the world's top maker of LCD flat-screens, which are mainly used in handsets, smartphones, computers, laptops and television display. ($1 = 1121.9000 Korean won)
Reporting by Miyoung Kim; Editing by David Chance


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Portola Valley Library presents Play Date in concert!
THURS - NOV 19th - 4pm - FREE
With the strike of a gong, the delightfully dynamic, fun and positive kindie band Play Date is bringing a Ninja Pajama Party to select cities! NINJA PAJAMAS is a song from their new album, WE ALL SHINE (Released 7/24/15) and has been saving bedtime blues, one family at a time.
Join us - in your favorite pajamas or Ninja Pajamas, if you've got them, for a fun, musical and interactive music performance by Play Date. Color a Ninja Dream Mandala, learn the ways of the Ninja Dancer and rock out with stealth and style in your PJs!
Award-winning, Husband/wife duo Greg Attonito (The Bouncing Souls) and singer/songwriter, Shanti Wintergate are the heart of the kindie music group, Play Date. The goal of their music is to inspire children to use their imaginations - and their dance moves - to explore the world around them. Play Date's aptly-named album, Imagination won NAPPA's 2015 "Silver" Award, 2014 Parents' Choice "Fun Suff" Award & Creative Child's 2014 Seal of Excellence Award. "There's always been a strong sense of self-discovery and independence in good kids' music, and Play Date's album, Imagination, has it all." - Stefan Shepherd, NPR. Play Date's song "XYZ" was recently featured in a Nordstrom Back to School video called "The AtoZ Life."