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I have been preparing the lecture for introduction of new media, and reading Manovich and Castells. In the end i visualized how the techno-social ecology might be represented for students.
Actually, i will use it for explaining what is new media. I find that the explanation in wiki is not the most clear one.
Introduction to new media
Lecture 1
What is new media?
Questions to answer in the end:
What characterizes new media?
New media – a technology or culture?
Examine critically new media definitions – can YOU define what is new media?
I. New media history
Manovich (2008): We are largely ignorant of collaborators who have gradually turned computer into a cultural machine it is today.
They knew that they were turning physical media into new media with additional properties to interact with.
Alan Kay & Xerox PARC
Ted Nelson
Douglas Engelbart
Ivan Sutherland
Nicholas Negroponte
W. Russell Newman: Blurring private-public and interpersonal-mass media borders
Andrew L. Shapiro: Shift in controlling information and experiences
New media definition
…the amalgamation of traditional media such as film, images, music, spoken and written word, with the interactive power of computer and communications technology, computer-enabled consumer devices and most importantly the Internet (wikipedia)
New media characteristics (wiki page)
Some characteristics:
Blurring the borderlines & evoking interaction: technology, artifacts, contents and people
Mixed media
Interconnected and evolutionary
Creation, publishing, distribution and consumption are democratic
Creative communities
Participatory culture
Digital interactivity
Is it a good definition or should it be broadened?
Why: Creating new media for new types of interaction
The aim of the inventors of computational media was not to simply create accurate simulations of physical media but in every case the goal was to create "a new medium with new properties" which would allow people to communicate, learn, and create in new ways (Manovich, 2008).
Which ideas from the past have influenced new media development significantly?
Xerox PARC has been responsible for developments as:
personal computer
graphical user interface (GUI) featuring windows and icons, the "look and feel"
Ethernet local area computer network
Smalltalk programming language (object-oriented programming)
Alan Kay's Universal Media Machine
Turn computers into a "personal dynamic media" which can be used for learning, discovery, and artistic creation.
Involve learner in a two-way conversation
He conceived the Dynabook concept (1968) which defined the conceptual basics for laptop and tablet computers and E-books
The democratization of software development was at the core of Kay's vision
New media are expandable – Users themselves should be able to easily add new properties, as well as to invent new media.
Smalltalk object-oriented programming language
Kay calls computers the first "metamedium" whose content is "a wide range of already-existing and not-yet-invented media."
These new media use already existing representational formats as their building blocks, while adding many new previously nonexistent properties.
Jay Bolter and Richard Grusin's book Remediation: Understanding New Media (2000)
Bolter and Grusin define remediation as "the representation of one medium in another."
New media always remediate the old ones
Remediation is a defining characteristic of the new digital media
Manovich (2008): Kay and others appear to have locked the computer into being a simulation machine for "old media."
By developing easy to use GUI-based software to create and edit familiar media types software turned a digital computer into a "remediation machine".
Manovich (2008): the pioneers of computational media did not have the goal of making the computer into a "remediation machine" which would simply represent older media in new ways.
Instead, knowing well new capabilities provided by digital computers, they set out to create fundamentally new kinds of media for expression and communication.
Branching experience: Vannever Bush (1945), As We May Think
Vannever Bush had the idea of a massive branching structure, a memex – as a better way to organize data and to represent human experience.
Science has provided the swiftest communication between individuals; it has provided a record of ideas and has enabled man to manipulate and to make extracts from that record so that knowledge evolves and endures throughout the life of a race rather than that of an individual.
The human mind operates by association. Selection by association, rather than indexing, may yet be mechanized.
Consider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library. A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.
A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility.
"Associative indexing"
Memex affords to associative indexing, the basic idea of which is a provision whereby any item may be caused at will to select immediately and automatically another. This process of tying two items together is the essential feature of the memex.
There is a new profession of trail blazers, those who find delight in the task of establishing useful trails through the enormous mass of the common record.
The user finds two items by association and connects them into a trail, and names it. When numerous items have been thus joined together to form a trail, they can be reviewed in turn. Occasionally a comment of his own may be inserted, either linking it into the main trail or joining it by a side trail to a particular item.
Paul Otlet (1934): forefather of information architecture
He envisioned a new kind of scholar's workstation:
This new research environment would do more than just let users retrieve documents; it would also let them annotate the relationships between one another, "the connections each [document] has with all other [documents], forming from them what might be called the Universal Book."
Otlet imagined a day when users would access the database from great distances by means of an "electric telescope" connected through a telephone line, retrieving a facsimile image to be projected remotely on a flat screen.
Everything in the universe, and everything of man, would be registered at a distance as it was produced. In this way a moving image of the world will be established, a true mirror of his memory. From a distance, everyone will be able to read text, enlarged and limited to the desired subject, projected on an individual screen. In this way, everyone from his armchair will be able to contemplate creation, as a whole or in certain of its parts.
Branching experience: Jorge Borges (1941) The Garden of Forking Paths
The book is questioning of the idea of history as a single path or linear process; posing instead the idea of history branching out in an infinite number of different directions at every point in time and space.
Every space-time node is the center of a system of branching or forking paths, an ever-recurring moment/place of choice with profound effects on and links to everything else.
In terms of cyberspace, potential hypertextual journeys and branches are possible at every underlined link, every particle event.
Douglas Englebart & The Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect
Developed modern office environment as it exists today (1968):
System included word processing with outlining features,
Documents connected through hypertext (rather than using links to drift through the textual universe associatively and "horizontally," we move "vertically" between more general and more detailed information).
Online collaboration (two people at remote locations working on the same document in real-time), online user manuals,
Online project planning system, and other elements of what is now called "computer-supported collaborative work."
Ted Nelson's "hypertext"
1965 – in the article A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate Nelson talks about new complex interconnectivity of texts and pictures without specifying any particular mechanisms that can be employed to achieve it.
Let me introduce the word "hypertext" to mean a body of written or pictorial material interconnected in such a complex way that it could not be conveniently be presented or represented on paper (1965).
'Hypertext'- is not technology but potentially the fullest generalization of documents and literature (2007).
Nelson: "hyperfilm" and "hypermedia"
Nelson also introduces the terms hyperfilm and hypermedia:
Films, sound recordings, and video recordings are also linear strings, basically for mechanical reasons. But these, too, can now be arranged as non-linear systems – for instance, lattices – for educational purposes, or for display with different emphasis…
The hyperfilm – a browsable or vari-sequenced movie – is only one of the possible hypermedia that require our attention.
Ted Nelson's "hypertext" and "strechtext"
Technical realizations:
1965 – "chunk style" hypertext – static links that allow the user to one-way jump from page to page.
1967 – an idea of a type of hypertext which would allow a reader to "obtain a greater detail on a specific subject" which he calls "stretchtext."
Nelson: The Xanadu hypertext project
The Xanadu Model allows
Nelson: Consequences of hypertexts
Nelson (1965) understood well what his "hypertext" ideas meant for cultural practices and concepts:
"The philosophical consequences of all this are very grave. Our concepts of 'reading', 'writing', and 'book' fall apart, and we are challenged to design 'hyperfiles' and write 'hypertext' that may have more teaching power than anything that could ever be printed on paper".
Manovich (2008): Nelson clearly dislikes "ordinary text" and his emphasis is on complexity and interconnectivity and on breaking up conventional units for organizing information such as a page.
Ivan Sutherland's Sketchpad (1962)
Sutherland's PhD thesis: Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system.
a communication system between two entities: a human and an intelligent machine to draw images
The commercial desktop applications that made software-based media authoring and design widely available to members of different creative professions and, eventually, media consumers
Word (1984), PageMaker (1985), Photoshop (1989)
Negroponte (1995), Being Digital
Nicholas Negroponte, founder of MIT Media Lab
One Laptop Per Child
The back page for WIRED columns
Book Being Digital, 1995
Humanity is inevitably headed towards a future where everything that can will be digitalized
touch-screen technology as a future interface
Bits from Being Digital, 1995
In the post-information age, we often have an audience the size of one and information is extremely personalized.
In being digital I am me.. Me includes information and events…But that unique information about me determines news services I might want to receive. True personalization is now upon us.
The next decade will see cases of intellectual-property abuse and invasion of our privacy.
As the business world globalizes and the Internet grows, we will start to see a seamless digital workplace
Think of hypermedia as a collection of elastic messages that can stretch and shrink in accordance with the reader's actions.
Being digital has four very powerful qualities that will result in its ultimate triumph: decentralizing, globalizing, harmonizing, and empowering.
Lev Manovich: The Language of New Media
Lev Manovich, The Language of New Media The MIT Press, 2001.
The computer, as the new universal media machine, is producing new discourses and new terms, and thus a new "language"
New media may look like media, but this is only the surface.
Wrong trend to treat the cultural products of computer (word processing documents, cinema with digital special effects, hypertext) as nothing more than old media enhanced by the flexibility and transportability of digital code and a global network.
The computer suggests the relative autonomy of computable information from its media "surface – computer running software produces digital code which simply is not a medium.
The "trasncoding" zone between culture and software
Manovich (2001): The five principles of new media characterize that zone between, across which the transport between computer and culture is happening
His topology of new media is based on a self-conscious analogy to the conventional "levels" of the computer hardware and software (from microprocessor through operating system to high level application).
Manovich (2001): The five principles of new media
First, through numerical representation, a new object can be described formally (mathematically), and subject to algorithmic manipulation: "in short, media becomes programmable."
Manovich (2001): The five principles of new media
Second, new media objects have modularity at the level of representation and at the level of code.
Thus, new media objects are composed from an assemblage of elements that sustain their separate identity, and can be operated upon separately, without rendering the rest of the assemblage unusable.
Modular programming speeds the development and maintenance of large-scale software.
Thirdly, numerical coding and modularity "allow for the automation of many operations involved in media creation, manipulation, and access."
Fourthly, while old media depended upon an original construction of an object that could then be exactly reproduced (for example as printed book or photograph), new media is characterized by variability.
The variability of new media allows for branching-type interactivity, periodic updates, and scalability as to size or detail.
Fifth, new media finds itself at the center of the "transcoding" between the layers of the computer and the layers of culture.
The "computerization of culture gradually accomplishes similar transcoding in relation to all cultural categories and subjects."
"cultural interface"
The interface is habitually the crucial boundary, or zone of articulation and translation whenever a computer would communicate with technological devices or the human user
"Cultural interfaces", not just the diverse software interfaces of new media but also the formal traits and user practices with the printed word and cinema, can migrate into, and become part of, the interfaces of new media.
"While operations [like selection] are embedded in software, they are not tied to it. They are employed no only within the computer but also in the social world outside it. They are not only ways of working within the computer but also in the social world outside it. They are… general ways of working, ways of thinking, ways of existing the computer age."
From media studies, we move to something which can be called software studies; from media theory — to software theory.
1. Specify the software technique and underlying technology of new media
2. Open these techniques and technologies out to the broader cultural practices
Lev Manovich. Software Takes Command – 2008
In the end of the 20th century humans have added a fundamentally new dimension to their culture. This dimension is software in general, and application software for creating and accessing content in particular.
"Adding" software to culture changes the identity of everything which a culture is made from.
Software: Search engines, recommendation systems, mapping applications, blog tools, auction tools, instant messaging clients, and platforms which allow others to write new software – Facebook, Windows, Unix, Android – are in the center of the global economy, culture, social life, and, increasingly, politics.
Software (with the exception of Open Source movement) is still invisible to most academics, artists, and cultural professionals interested in IT and its cultural and social effects.
If we don't address software itself, we are in danger of always dealing only with its effects rather than the causes: the output that appears on a computer screen rather than the programs and social cultures that produce these outputs.
"cultural software"
Definition: "Cultural software" means software programs which are used to create and access media objects and environments.
"Cultural software" is software directly used by hundreds of millions of people and that it carries "atoms" of culture (media and information, as well as human interactions around these media and information).
Cultural software turned media into metamedia – a fundamentally new semiotic and technological system which includes most previous media techniques and aesthetics as its elements
Types of "cultural software"
Such use of the term "social software" partly overlaps with but is not equivalent with the way this term started to be used to refer to Web 2.0 platforms
Applications for media development (or "content creation") – It is a subset of application software which enables creation, publishing, accessing, sharing, and remixing images, moving image sequences, 3D designs, texts, maps, interactive elements, as well as various combinations of these elements such as web sites, 2D designs, motion graphics, video games, commercial and artistic interactive installations, etc.
The tools for social communication and sharing of media, information, and knowledge such as web browsers, email clients, instant messaging clients, wikis, social bookmarking, social citation tools, virtual worlds, and so on – in short, "social software".
Tools for personal information management such as address books, project management applications, and desktop search engines. The boundary between "personal information" and "public information" has started to disappear
The programming environments also can be considered under cultural software.
The media interfaces themselves – icons, folders, sounds, animations, and user interactions – are also cultural software, since these interface mediate people's interactions with media and other people.
Information society, knowledge society, or network society dimensions are enabled by cultural software.
The "knowledge workers", the "symbol analysts", the "creative industries", and the "service industries" – all these key economic players of information society can't exist without cultural software.
Software is what also drives the process of globalization.
Target of "software studies"
"I think of software as a layer that permeates all areas of contemporary societies."
Software Studies has to investigate both the role of software in forming contemporary culture, and cultural, social, and economic forces that are shaping development of software itself.
I am suggesting "software studies" should not be confused with "code studies."
If we are to focus on software itself, we need a new methodology.
"Software" is a new object of study which should be put on the agenda of existing disciplines and which can be studied using already existing methods – for instance, object-network theory, social semiotics, or media archeology.
"a long tail for applications"
New technologies allow people with very little or no programming experience to create new custom software
But we are far from a true "long tail" for software
How software is shaping our culture, and how it is shaped by culture in its turn?
Software culture and interactivity
Our contemporary society can be characterized as a software society and our culture can be justifiably called a software culture – because today software plays a central role in shaping both the material elements and many of the immaterial structures which together make up "culture."
The most fundamental dimension of software-driven media experience is interactivity.
"software performances"
We now interact with dynamic "software performances."
I use the word "performance" because what we are experiencing is constructed by software in real time
The final media experience constructed by software can't be reduced to any single document stored in some media- we are engaging not with pre-defined static documents but with the dynamic outputs of a realtime computation.
When a user interacts with a software application that presents cultural content, this content often does not have definite finite boundaries.
– the user's experience is only partly defined by the file's content.
– the "message" which the user "receives" is not just actively "constructed" by her (through a cognitive interpretation) but also actively "managed" (defining what information she is receiving and how.)
Manovich (2008): As experienced by a user of interactive application, "representation" consists from two interlinked parts:
– media structured in particular ways and
– the interfaces/tools provided to navigate and work with this media.
"deep remixability"
The move from desktop applications to webware (applications running on the web), social media sites, easy-to-use blogging and media editing tools such as Blogger, iPhoto and iMovie and the addition of full media capabilities to mobile phones – have transformed how ordinary people use media.
What gets remixed today is not only content from different media but also their fundamental techniques, working methods, and ways of representation and expression.
"content wants to be modular"
Modularity is supported by the standardization of parts and how they fit with each other
Although we see a number of important new types of cultural modularity emerged in software era, it is important to remember that modularity is something that only applies to RSS, social bookmarking, or Web Services. We are talking about the larger cultural logic that extends beyond the Web and digital culture.
What seems to be happening is that the "users" themselves have been gradually "modularizing" culture. In other words, modularity has been coming into mass culture from the outside, so to speak, rather than being built-in, as in industrial production.
"Openness of new media"
"New media" is "new" because new properties (i.e., new software techniques) can always be easily added to it (Manovich, 2008)
Experimentations with media during the industrial era became the norm in a software society:
Phase 1: initial invention, new media form
Phase 2: everyday use
Phase 3: "opening up" for new use or inventions
"media hybridization"
Manovich (2008): I believe that we are now living through a second stage in the evolution of a computer metamedium, which follows the first stage of its invention and implementation. This new stage is about media hybridization.
I am not talking about something that already has a name – "computer multimedia," or simply "multimedia."
"hybrid media"
I'm putting forward the term hybrid media
Media hybridity is a more fundamental reconfiguration of media universe than multimedia:
In multimedia documents and interactive applications, content in multiple media appears next to each other, multimedia does not threaten the autonomy of different media
In contrast, in the case of media hybrids, interfaces, techniques, and ultimately the most fundamental assumptions of different media forms and traditions are brought together resulting in new species of media.
To represent something differently: to reconfigure media formats in order to create new representations of human collective and individual experiences which fuse objective and subjective dimensions
To provide new ways of navigation and working with existing media formats i.e. new interfaces and tools
Step 4
The replacement of mass consumption of commercial culture in the 20th century by mass production of cultural objects by users in the early 21st century
People build their worlds and identities out of these readily available objects by using different tactics: bricolage, assembly, customization, remix
Products are explicitly designed to be customized by the users
Co-evolving in larger techno-social ecology
the computer metamedium development is like a biological evolution, and the new combinations of media elements are like new biological species
some hybrids that emerge in the course of media evolution will not be "selected" and will not "replicate."
Other hybrids, on the other hand, may "survive" and successfully "replicate." Eventually such successful hybrids may become the common conventions in media design
I am not making any claims that the actual mechanisms of media evolution are indeed like the mechanisms of biological evolution.)
None of the software programs and web sites function in isolation but participate in larger techno-social ecology as a whole.
The particular elements and their relationship in this ecology are likely to change over time – for instance, most media content may eventually be available on the network; communication between devices may similarly become fully transparent; and the very rigid physical separation between people, devices they control, and "non-smart" passive space may become blurred
Changes at web 2.0
The new paradigms that emerge in the 2000s are not about new types of media software per ce.
Instead, they have to with the exponential expansion of the number of people who now use it – and the web as a new universal platform for non-professional media circulation.
"Social software," "social media," "user-generated content," "Web 2.0," "read/write Web" are some of the terms that were coined in this decade to capture these developments.
Functionally: aggregation of microcontents across domains
Richard MacManus and Joshua Porter (2005), "Enter Web 2.0, a vision of the Web in which information is broken up into "microcontent" units that can be distributed over dozens of domains.
The Web of documents has morphed into a Web of data.
We are no longer just looking to the same old sources for information. Now we're looking to a new set of tools to aggregate and remix microcontent in new and useful ways."
Changes at web 2.0
A much large number of producers publish content into "a global media cloud"; the users create personalized mixes by choosing from this cloud.
In the new communication model that has been emerging after 2000, information is becoming more atomized. You can access individual atoms of information without having to read/view the larger packages in which it is enclosed.
Information is gradually becoming presentation and device independent
– "conversations about media"
– "conversations through media"
Manuel Castells: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture
The Rise of the Network Society (1996)
The Power of Identity (1997)
End of Millennium (1998)
"Our societies are increasingly structured around the bipolar opposition of the Net and the Self"
Manuel Castells (1989): the "space of places", versus the "space of flows"
Space is not a refection of the society, it is its expressions.
Spatial forms and processes are formed by the dynamics of the overall social structure.
Social processes influence space by acting on the built environment inherited from the previous social-spatial structures.
A new industrial space is the changed formation of the space as a consequence of technological innovations
"space of flows"
The information age is ushering in a new urban form, the informational city.
The new society is based upon knowledge, organized around networks, and largely made up of flows.
Flow is a purposeful, repetitive, programmable sequence of exchange and interaction between social actors
The "space of flows" is the material organization of time-sharing social practices that work through flows.
"the space of flows" . . . links up distant locales around shared functions and meanings on the basis of electronic circuits and fast transportation corridors, while isolating and subduing the logic of experience embodied in the "space of places".
In the network of interaction no place exists by itself, since the positions are defined by flows.
Places do not disappear, but their logic and meaning becomes adsorbed in the network.
The space of flow is not placeless – some places are exchangers, communication hubs; other places are nods of the network for strategically important functions.
A place is a locale, people still live in places but function and power in societies are organized in the space of flows.
The global city is not a place, it's a process. A process by which centers of productions and consumptions of advanced services, and their ancillary local societies are connected in a global network, while simultaneously downplaying the linkages with their hitherlands, on the basis of information flows.
Marshall McLuhan: modern media theory
The Guttenberg Galaxy: the making of typographic man (1962)
Understanding Media: the Extensions of Man (1964)
"the medium is the message"
"transmission" view of culture describes mass communication (and sometimes culture in general) as a communication process between the authors who create "messages" and audiences that "receive" them.
– the centrality of the physical medium of communication: media (environment) determines (human) culture
– what media do in the mind
"You see, Dad, Professor McLuhan says the environment that man creates becomes his medium for defining his role in it. The invention of type created linear, or sequential, thought, separating thought from action. Now, with TV and folk singing, thought and action are closer and social involvement is greater. We again live in a village. Get it?"
"the medium is the massage"
the transformation of the 1st slogan into its somatic extension: emphasizing the way the physical contours of a medium conditions production, use and experience of media
how bodies can dispose themselves while communicating
The wheel… …. is the extension of the foot
Shaped by the nature of the media
Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication.
In the name of progress our official culture is striving to force the new media to do the work of the old.
We approach the new with the psychological conditioning and sensory responses of the old.
New media encourages unification and involvement
The medium, or process, of our time—electric technology—is reshaping and restructuring patterns of social interdependence and every aspect of our personal life.
It is forcing us to reconsider and reevaluate practically every thought, every action, and every institution formerly taken for granted.
Electric technology fosters and encourages unification and involvement.
our claim to privacy versus the community's need to know
Electrical information devices for universal, tyrannical womb-totomb surveillance are causing a very serious dilemma between our claim to privacy and the community's need to know. The older, traditional ideas of private, isolated thoughts and actions—the patterns of mechanistic technologies—are very seriously threatened by new methods of instantaneous electric information retrieval, by the electrically computerized dossier bank—that one big gossip column that is unforgiving, unforgetful and from which there is no redemption, no erasure of early "mistakes."
Electric circuitry has overthrown the regime of "time" and "space" and pours upon us instantly and continuously the concerns of all other men. It has reconstituted dialogue on a global scale.
The old civic, state, and national groupings have become unworkable.
You can't go home again.
"creative, participating force"
The public, in the sense of a great consensus of separate and distinct viewpoints, is finished. Today, the mass audience (the successor to the "public") can be used as a creative, participating force.
The shock of recognition! In an electric information environment, minority groups can no longer be contained—ignored. Too many people know too much about each other. Our new environment compels commitment and participation. We have become irrevocably involved with, and responsible for, each other.
The role of technology?
The environment as a processor of information is propaganda. Propaganda ends where dialogue begins. You must talk to the media, not to the programmer.
To talk to the programmer is like complaining to a hot dog vendor at a ballpark about how badly your favorite team is playing.
Temporary train station
If a traditional twentieth century model of cultural communication described movement of information in one direction from a source to a receiver,
…now the reception point is just a temporary station on information's path.
If we compare information or media object with a train, then each receiver can be compared to a train station.
Information arrives, gets remixed with other information, and then the new package travels to other destination where the process is repeated (Manovich, 2008).
– new media drives the globalization
– the globalized public sphere
– making physical location much less significant for our social relationships
The Internet Galaxy (2001), a book by Manual Castells
Castells created the term "Internet galaxy" by analogy to media theorist Marshall McLuhan's term, "Gutenberg galaxy."
McLuhan used the term to describe a complex set of social changes in European society that resulted from the development of the printing press.
Castells's book title implicitly signals that he believes the Internet is as significant as Gutenberg's movable-type printing press.
"Networks are very old forms of human practice, but they have taken on a new life in our time by becoming information networks, powered by the Internet.
the Net is creating a new form of "networked individualism" by helping Netizens develop "portfolios of sociability" and "communities of choice."
The elasticity of the Internet makes it particularly susceptible to intensifying the contradictory trends present in our world. Neither utopia nor dystopia, the Internet is the expression of ourselves – through a specific code of communication, which we must understand if we want to change our reality,"
Technological determinism?
"The culture of the Internet is made up of a technocratic belief in the progress of humans through technology, enacted by communities of hackers thriving on free and open technological creativity, embedded in virtual networks aimed at reinventing society, and materialized by money-driven entrepreneurs into the workings of the new economy,"
"Technological systems are socially produced. The Internet is, above all else, a cultural creation. The Internet culture today is characterized by a four-layer structure: the techno-meritocratic culture, the hacker culture, the virtual communitarian culture, and the entrepreneurial culture,"


text:
Total poultry production, measured in tonnes per year. All data shown relate to total meat production, from both commercial and farm slaughter. Data are given in terms of dressed carcass weight, excluding offal and slaughter fats.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
I've taught 6th grade for almost my entire career, but in two very distinct ways. My first teaching position was at a charter school where I taught 6th grade for eleven years. Sixth grade was considered an elementary grade there, and so I have taught all the disciplines for the majority of my career. Wanting another challenge, I moved on to a local middle school and have been teaching sixth grade math for six years. For the majority of my career I have enjoyed acting as a team leader, grade level leader, and content representative. I have presented at several conferences focusing on organizational techniques, classroom management, and social studies curriculum. I like to make my fellow educator's job easier whenever possible.
During my teaching of social studies, I specialized in using simulations to bring the history alive. Overall, I tend to use a variety of teaching styles based on my goals and objectives for each lesson. These can vary from direct instruction and journaling, to student led creations, games, cooperative learning, and more. I really like to get kids involved in their learning and make things hands on.
Team of the Year -TCA East Elementary, 2006, Nominated Teacher of the Year - TCA East Elementary, 2000, 2006, Teacher of the Year - TCA East Elementary, 2007
B.S. in Secondary Education - University of Wisconsin: Milwaukee (Major: history; Minor: geography)
When I was eight years old I had a second grade teacher that had a remarkable effect on me and showed me what a teacher could really do to inspire their students. Ever since then I have wanted to be a teacher and try to emulate her. I hope to be even half the educator she was. You can contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com
PreK, Kindergarten, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, Higher Education, Adult Education, Homeschool, Staff, Not Grade Specific
English Language Arts, Creative Writing, Writing-Expository, Reading, Grammar, Vocabulary, Specialty, Math, Algebra, Applied Math, Arithmetic, Basic Operations, Fractions, Geometry, Graphing, Measurement, Numbers, Order of Operations, Other (Math), Science, Biology, Social Studies - History, Ancient History, Civics, Government, Native Americans, U.S. History, European History, World History, Arts & Music, Visual Arts, Graphic Arts, Other (Specialty), Canadian History, Australian History, Geography, Other (Social Studies - History), Other (ELA), For All Subject Areas, Literature, Classroom Management, Statistics, Economics , Character Education, Word Problems, Study Skills, Short Stories, Writing, Asian Studies, Writing-Essays, Holidays/Seasonal, Back to School, Thanksgiving, Christmas/ Chanukah/ Kwanzaa, Mental Math, Halloween, Valentine's Day, Decimals, St. Patrick's Day, Easter, Spring, Place Value, Products For TpT Sellers, For All Subjects, End of Year, Close Reading, Classroom Community


text:
Mourners held a wake Friday for a 6-year-old New Jersey boy who was shot in the head by his 4-year-old neighbor.
Family and friends also held a candlelight vigil Friday night for Brandon Holt and will hold another vigil Saturday after his funeral.
They recalled the energetic boy who loved the Jersey Shore boardwalk, and wore buttons that featured his picture with ribbons in green — his favorite color.
"He was just so strong of a person, and to not have him and to not have him here is like losing everything," said Laura Decker, an aunt of the boy.
"Brandon loved to swim," she added later. "He loved his family, he loved his cousins, he idolized his older brother. He was a wonderful, wonderful child."
"The kid was -- he was life," said Randel Holt, an uncle of Holt. "I have never seen him not smile, even when he got punished."
Neighbors have also placed purple ribbons on trees and mailboxes along his street, in his honor.
Family friend Bernadette Harney said she was devastated for the boy's mother.
"Everything she talked about was Brandon, all the time," she said. "This has got to be crushing her."
Holt died at a hospital Tuesday night, about 24 hours after he was shot with a rifle outside the 4-year-old's home in Toms River.
The two boys had been playing outside when Holt was shot from about 15 yards away. It's not clear if the 4-year-old pulled the trigger or if the rifle accidentally discharged.
Holt's grandmother, Donna Elefante, told NBC 4 New York that the parents of the younger boy initially told Holt's family that the gun used in the shooting was a pellet gun and that their son had gotten the gun from under the bed in the master bedroom.
The tragedy is raising more questions about gun control, but mourners were trying to stayed focused on comforting the family.
"We've got to do something to keep our children safe, because this is ridiculous," said family friend Fred Maicas.
Meanwhile, Holt's parents have donated his organs and are proud to know he will be saving another life.
"Knowing that a couple kids survived because of Ron and Christine's generosity, they prevented what we are going through right now," said Randel Holt.
Police are continuing to investigate how the younger child obtained the rifle from his family's home on McCormick Drive. The boy's father was known to be an avid hunter, and his three children have names associated with hunting terms, according to neighbors and law enforcement sources.


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Another Trip to the Wizard
Yesterday was this year's trip to see our MCS/CFS specialist who's office is about two hours away. (For last year's trip see Back from the Wizard) The weather couldn't have been better as it was one of our warmer days and lots of sunshine. A good day for a road trip!
A month ago Jeremy and I had our usual 10 vials of blood drawn each. It was a bit rougher trip than normal as we had forgotten to fast prior to the blood draw and opted to go home and wait another six hours before heading back in for the draw.
That day was a highlight of the blood sugar improvements we have seen since starting a paleo diet as eight hours total without a meal was rough, but very doable. A year ago this would not have even been considered possible.
Yesterday we received the results of those blood tests, covered our next stage of treatment, addressed my still lingering sinus infection, and tweaked a few things with our current treatment.
This is a very long, detailed post. Listed below is the quick version and all test results are at Test Results – Jeremy and Test Results – Lisa (or just go to top of my blog page for the tabs). Last year's test results will be added there too for anyone who wants to compare them to this year.
Quick list of all changes:
– New antibiotic for sinus infection (possibly some acetylcysteine to nebulize too).
– Increase our b12, methylfolate, and milk thistle (detox herb).
– Start supplementing Vitamin K2.
– Keep Vitamin D the same for next six months and then retest.
– Take MTHF test.
– Jeremy increases his testosterone 50-100% and taurine.
– I begin supplementing thyroid, glycine, arginine, and methionine.
With a good amount of luck and hope, we should be seeing some improvements in our health soon. I only wish there was more to follow up with on Jeremy right now, but possibly time will shine more light on what needs healing for him too.
Sinus Infection
First thing we talked about, my recurring sinus infection. A couple weeks ago I noticed it coming back and restarted the same antibiotic as treatment. After two weeks, it briefly saw some improvement but is beginning to slowly worsen again. I will be starting a different antibiotic (also nebulized) early next week when it arrives in the mail from a compounding pharmacy in California. It should be noted that the first course of antibiotic treatment likely would have fully taken care of the sinus infection but some misread instructions led to it not being used properly. I suspect this new antibiotic will work very well.
We discussed how the treatments outlined at our last office visit had gone. He had suggested last October that we try a product to help promote detoxing but it had proved to strong even at 1/20th of a dose. Because of this, we are going to be trying an increase in an herb that has been helping us to detox instead.
Last year the plan had been to try the detox product and if it did not help much, then we would do a test panel which would help pinpoint where we are having trouble detoxing. However after looking over the current supplements we are using and our lifestyle (high avoidance of toxic triggers and really good diet) we all agreed that running such a panel would not likely require us to change much with our healing program even were it to be very informative.
I've mentioned before how much I love my doctor – him being ok with not running a test that would be out of pocket costs for us simply because he recognizes it would only give information but not change our treatment program is another big reason he's such a great physician. I have not heard of very many doctors who are open enough to the needs of the patient to recognize saving money as one of those big needs.
We will be running an insurance covered test of our MTHF process to see if it is working properly. This is the process by which methylfolate is used in the body for many important functions and if it is wonky can cause detox problems as well as a host of other symptoms. Meanwhile, we will slowly begin to increase our methylfolate supplementation.
Hydroxocobalamin shots (B12)
Starting with our b12 shot yesterday, we will be increasing each one by 50% – from 10,000 mcg each shot up to 15,000. I think I noticed a very large difference with the increase last night. A lot of energy after our trip instead of being totally wrung out as expected. It will take a few shots to see how well this works, but I suspect it is a very good change.
Vitamin K
One new blood test this time was to check our osteocalcin levels, aka Vitamin K. With the amount of Vitamin D we are supplementing with it is important to have enough Vitamin K to help ensure calcium is utilized properly in the body and not deposited in muscle or other tissues. Good catch by Dr. Buscher with this test as our results show we both are in need of supplementing Vitamin K. This was a little surprising actually as there should be ample K in our diet due to the amount of greens we eat which is why most doctors would not have bothered to test it. I tested below minimum and Jeremy right at minimum levels.
Vitamin D
We retested our Vitamin D levels again this year. They have both come up by a large amount to land us in the mid-normal range instead of the very low (Jeremy) to below minimum (me) that they tested at last year. Even so, we will still be on our current dosage of Vitamin D until they raise up into the range Dr. Buscher has found to be more optimal. This will be retested in six months as it is entering a more fine tuning area of supplementing.
Sex Hormones
Another test of our hormones this year showed some positive improvements for both of us. Jeremy is still too low on testosterone but he did see a 30% increase in levels. He will be having his supplemental testosterone raised to help further. Its a sticky situation to take supplemental testosterone as its one of those things you will be on the rest of your life once you start it. I did bring this up as a concern with increasing his dosage, but we all agreed that with how low his is, the time for options to raise it without medication have passed.
I saw positive improvement for my progesterone levels which had been fairly low last year. Though I'm now mid-range and could conceivably cease supplementing with progesterone drops, I'll be continuing on them as there is still signs that they are needed.
As a side note – though we have been supplementing with hormones for the last 11 months, I also think our diet change has contributed to the improvements. Certainly removing phytoestrogens from the diet (soy) would be of tremendous help when trying to rebalance hormones.
Thyroid and DHEA
Next up is our thyroid and DHEA panels. Jeremy saw little or no change with both of these, however for me they both decreased over the last year. While last year there was the option of not addressing the thyroid because it was in the low normal range, this year it was pretty much only a question of what I would be supplementing it with. I had dropped another 27 points this year which lands me at 247. The reference range is 230-420 and very often people experience symptoms of low thyroid (hypothyroidism) when in the low normal range. I'd say I am now low, low normal.
When I was 15, I became ill and the doctor could not find the cause. After a specialist ran a lot of tests (enough blood drawn as to make me nearly pass out), he decided to take a chance and treat me for hypothyroidism despite me being in the low normal range. It worked almost immediately. A few years later I was able to cease thyroid medication but always kept in mind that I'm one of those who can have devastating symptoms as a low normal.
Last year I tried supplementing with Synthroid to see if it helped some of my symptoms but it had a huge, not good reaction in me. This year I will be trying the natural thyroid supplement, Armour, as it has recently come back on the market. It has a lot of negative reviews for it with the new formulation, but I have read many are able to crush it and add a bit of sugar/honey to make it fully absorbable again, thereby alleviating the problems with the new formulation.
My lowering of DHEA will be addressed after we tackle the thyroid and anything that arises from trying to address it.
Amino Acids Profile
Lastly I'll cover our biggest new test of the year – an amino acid profile that was all out of pocket expense. We will see what happens by treating the things shown low on this profile, but I already feel the money was well spent.
This is the first time in 9 years of illness that Jeremy and I had significantly different test results. Granted my lowering thyroid does fall into this category as well, but it is not as dramatic a difference as what we saw on the amino acid profile.
It has been a nightmare to try and convince new doctors or officials we have had to deal with, that two people can both have CFS/MCS and similar test results. The amount of skepticism and outright disbelief that we are ill but instead just faking has been enormous. To finally have differencing test results, while meaning only one of us is good, it still brings much satisfaction to my heart to be able to point to something being different.
It is also interesting from the perspective of wondering – what finally changed after nine years to give us different results? Maybe we simply weren't looking in the right places all that time…
This last profile measured the quantity of amino acids in our blood at a fasted state. It is absolutely amazing the impact amino acids have in bodily processes. Many amino acids can be made by the body or its organisms (bacteria in our gut), but some we can only obtain through outside sources – namely food.
The paleo diet helps with this because meat is a very good source for these essential aminos which we only get through food. Having low amino acids can be a sign of poor digestion, poor diet, or areas where the body is having trouble converting from one thing to another.
Jeremy and I tested nearly opposite each other on almost this entire test. As I said, this is the first time we have ever showed almost any difference, let alone such a dramatic difference in a test.
To go over each test thoroughly would be far too much information to add to this already long post, but there is now a tab of all the test results for anyone who wants to see more detail.
In a nutshell, Jeremy has some unbalanced ratios of some of his aminos but the general levels of everything except taurine are pretty good. Oddly, taurine is the only amino acid we were currently supplementing which makes it a little surprising to find his levels low.
On the other hand, my levels of almost everything were very low. This is also surprising given how much protein I eat every day. It is likely part of the problem has to do with poor digestion or absorption from my intestines, as well as problems detoxing. The MTHF panel we are doing next should help provide some answers to some of my low amino levels.
Of note, my "Urea Cycle and Ammonia Detoxification" (numbers 31-36 on test results) are all pretty much bottomed out. This could certainly be cause for some of my continual brain fog along with some other symptoms. Dr. Buscher wanted to see the results of the MTHF panel before treating this area due to the influence an imbalanced methylfolate process could have on this detox system.
To sum up this test, Jeremy will be increasing his taurine supplementation. I will begin supplementing with glycine, arginine, and methionine to start and more can be added later. Dr. Buscher will be researching what impact our imbalanced ratios of aminios are having on us and if they need to be treated, I think our test results threw him a bit of a curve ball on this aspect, especially Jeremy's. Lastly, we will reevaluate these tests again in light of the findings of the MTHF panel we will be doing sometime soon.
Lots of changes and lots of places treatment can lead. We never brought up XMRV (soon possibly renamed to HGRV) or Dr. Buscher's impressions of its potential to be a key role in CFS. As you can see, there is a lot of work to be done in stabilizing some key body systems before we can even consider looking into what for now are still experimental therapies.
6 responses
Yay for hope! Plenty to hope for in becoming more functional 🙂
Very impressive and thorough workup. Good work by your doctor. 🙂
Lisa and Jeremy – good work in sticking to the Paleo diet and pursuing treatments to better your health 🙂
It is heartening that you haven't crashed after this appointment. 🙂
August 26, 2010 at 9:46 pm
A lot of great information here. I love your doctor.
Even the bad news must be encouraging in a way, it gives you solid direction about what to work on. And the improvements are terrific. You have been working hard on getting well and you are making progress. 🙂
Maybe you never will need to bring up XMRV. Maybe after all this work is done … maybe you won't be sick anymore. 🙂
August 27, 2010 at 7:08 am
What an inspiration you and Jeremy are. Internet is an amazing connection. We have not had the web-maker consistently during the past year … and made do without it. This Solstice 2010, I'm in our quonset kitchen shelter with internet in place.
Dr. B is also my doc. I have to make my visits count as you say. We are also nearly two hours away, and there is no insurance and hasn't been for years. Your post gives me info and hope for planning for next visit. He has helped at key times, and now I keep my mind open for how best to use his talents in 2011.
Thanks again for your chronicle and your humor.
December 21, 2010 at 10:06 am


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November 17 2019
|4:00 pm
VFW Coat Drop-off (all week)
The Carthage VFW at 29 N Madison in Carthage is accepting donations of coats, boots, hats, gloves, and scarves for MAKE A DIFFERENCE COAT DRIVE. �Items should be new or gently used. �All sizes, from infant to adult. �May drop at the curb any day through Friday, Oct 21, after 4:00pm, or call Mary (Auxiliary President) for pickup.
Oct 22 will be distribution day (see event that date), so please search your closets for winter wear that you may not need any longer.


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Items where Author / Artist / Editor is "Hyensook, Kim"
|See full list of headings
Oussena, Samia, Hyensook, Kim and Clark, Tony (2011) Exploiting student intervention system using data mining. In: IMMM 2011, The First International Conference on Advances in Information Mining and Management, 23-29 October 2011, Barcelona, Spain.
Hyensook, Kim, Oussena, Samia, Zhang, Ying and Clark, Tony (2010) Automatic generation of data merging program codes. In: ICSOFT 2010 - Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Software and Data Technologies, Athens, Greece, July 22-24, 2010. SciTePress, pp. 179-186. 9789898425232.
Zhang, Ying, Oussena, Samia, Clark, Tony and Hyensook, Kim (2010) Using data mining to improve student retention in HE: a case study. In: ICEIS - 12th International Conerence on Enterprise Information Systems, 2010., 8-12 June, Portugal.
Hyensook, Kim, Zhang, Ying, Oussena, Samia and Clark, Tony (2009) A case study on model driven data integration for data centric software development. In: ACM first international workshop on Data-intensive software management and mining, November 6th, 2009, Hong Kong.


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pssh-keygen - Authentication key generation/management
pssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t type] [-N new_passphrase] [-f output_keyfile]
pssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]
pssh-keygen -x [-f input_keyfile]
pssh-keygen -X [-f input_keyfile]
pssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]
pssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]
pssh-keygen -l [-f input_keyfile]
pssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]
pssh-keygen generates and manages SSH authentication keys. pssh-keygen is part of the Net::SSH::Perl suite; it could be used as a replacement for ssh-keygen, but is provided more in the spirit of an example of the Net::SSH::Perl key management libraries.
pssh-keygen defaults to generating/managing an RSA key for use by protocols 1.3 and 1.5; specifying the -t option allows you to create/manage a key for use by the SSH2 protocol.
Without any options--in other words, in the first command example in the SYNOPSIS--pssh-keygen generates a new key, then prompts the user for a filename where that key will be saved. The user is also prompted for a passphrase to encrypt the private key file. These prompts can be overriden by providing the values as command line options.
With any of the other options--ie. any of the other command examples in the SYNOPSIS--an existing keyfile will be "managed" in some way: users can change the passphrases, convert to SSH2-format key files, display key fingerprints, etc.
- -b bits
Specifies the number of bits in the key to be generated. The minimum is 512 bits; 1024 bits is the default, and should be considered sufficient from a security standpoint.
- -c
Requests changing the comment in the private and public key files. The program will prompt for the file containing the private keys, for passphrase if the key has one, and for the new comment. Each of these prompts can be overriden be the appropriate command line option.
- -f file
Specifies the filename of the key file. Defaults to $ENV{HOME}/.ssh/identity for rsa1 key files, $ENV{HOME}/.ssh/id_rsa for rsa key files, and $ENV{HOME}/.ssh/id_dsa for dsa key files.
- -l
Show fingerprint of specified key file.
Show fingerprint of specified key file in Bubble Babble format.
- -p
Requests changing the passphrase of a private key file instead of generating a new private key. The program will prompt for the file containing the private key, for the old passphrase, and twice for the new passphrase (each of these prompts can be overridden by command line options).
- -q
Silence pssh-keygen.
- -t type
Specifies the type of the key to create/manage. The possible values are
'rsa1'for protocol version 1,
'dsa'for protocol version 2 DSA files, and
'rsa'for protocol version 2 RSA files. The default is
- -N new_passphrase
Provides the new passphrase.
- -P passphrase
Provides the (old) passphrase.
- -x
Reads a private OpenSSH DSA format file and outputs an SSH2-compatible public key to STDOUT.
Reads an unencrypted SSH2-compatible private key file and prints an OpenSSH compatible private key to STDOUT.
- -y
Reads a private OpenSSH format file and outputs an OpenSSH public key to STDOUT.
Please see the Net::SSH::Perl manpage for author, copyright, and license information.


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This list of New Zealand Travel Agents is sourced from the Martins B2B Database, who have been building accurate and specialist databases since 1989.
Lists are sourced through public registers, companies office, associations, websites and public directories. Updated via telephone, media and online research this is the most comprehensive list of Travel Agents currently available and has a deliverability guarantee of 98%.
Email data is also available on this list and is only supplied if the broadcast is sent out by ourselves or by an approved provider. All messages must comply with the Unsolicited Electronic Message Act 2007.
All data is purchased not rented on this list.
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To me, baring a shoulder or two will always be timeless, classy ways to expose a little of that so erogenous zone, trending or not. However the latter happens to be on the radar right now, and so easy to achieve by playing around with classic shirts and cut out tops. Flaunting in the right upper area is the chicest way to add a bit of umpf to any skirt, trousers or jeans. For the confident DIY, working the scissors and needles on soft loose knitwear you love that hasn't been worn for a while is also a personal favourite.
For the love of getting your shoulders out there I recently paired up with Net-a-Porter's – The Edit in a short video to demonstrate and give a few tip on how to bare it for different body types in "The Style Solution" section. Please keep in mind though not to stick to "rules" too much, it can be so much more fun breaking them!
You'll find all pieces included in the video here.


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Who We Are & What We Do
The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine is a non-governmental, non-profit organization chartered by the US Congress in 1863 at the request of President Lincoln. The Academy has two missions: to honor the nation's top scientists, engineers, and health professionals with membership, and to serve the nation with independent, expert advice.
The Division on
Earth & Life Studies is one of six subject area divisions that
enlist the nation's top experts to respond to requests for advice from
the Federal Government, states, and some foundations.
The division has 11 program units (boards) that undertake a wide-range of activities, including convening experts to share their individual views in meetings and workshops. However, it is the Academy's reports that represent the most authoritative source of scientific and technical information for the nation. The division produces about 30-40 of these reports each year.
Want to know more about the Division on Earth and Life Studies? Download our divisional brochure as a PDF here. Our current leadership is listed here.
About our Expert Reports
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine reports are unique, authoritative expert evaluations. Each report is produced by a committee of experts selected by the Academy to address a particular statement of task. Committees are balanced to represent various points of view, and committee members are screened for conflict of interest. Committee members serve without pay and deliberate free of outside influence.
Efforts are made to engage the public early on in studies so that all viewpoints are made known to the committee. Watch this website for information about public meetings.
Learn more about the NASEM study process.


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More veterans taking advantage of Post-9/11 GI Bill
By LAUREN KIRKWOOD | McClatchy Washington Bureau | Published: March 19, 2014
WASHINGTON — In the year since Clemson University launched its Student Veterans Success Center, its volunteer staff has worked to transform the small alcove in the School of Computing into a place where those transitioning from military to civilian life can connect with their peers.
"It's not just a physical space for vets, it's a place they can come and relax, they can meet other vets, they can create that social support network," said Benjamin Curtis, president of the Clemson Student Veterans Association in Clemson, S.C. "Coming back from a social network that's so strong with the military, you kind of lose all that."
The need for such support centers has jumped in recent years as every U.S. state has seen a rise in the number of veterans using education benefits from the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Since the Post-9/11 GI Bill was fully enacted in 2009, South Carolina, for example, saw the number of such students increase 89 percent, according to an analysis of VA data.
Nationwide, the increase from fiscal 2009 to fiscal 2012 — the last year data was available — was 67 percent, from 564,487 students to 945,052.
Nearby states also saw increases: North Carolina, 71 percent; Florida, 73 percent; and Georgia, 76 percent.
The Post-9/11 GI Bill was originally passed in 2008. It extended education benefits to service members who have been on active duty 90 or more days since Sept. 10, 2001, or who were discharged with a service-related disability after 30 days. It provides up to 36 months of education benefits, generally payable for 15 years following release from active duty.
A provision of the Post-9/11 GI Bill also allows veterans and service members to transfer unused benefits to their children or spouses, but about 79 percent are benefits used by veterans or service members themselves, according to VA data.
Curtis Coy, VA's deputy undersecretary for economic opportunity, called the Post-9/11 GI Bill the most generous veterans benefit program since the original 1944 GI Bill, which provided benefits for returning World War II veterans. He said the program's generosity is likely fueling the big increases.
The VA has recently created several tools designed to make it easier for veterans to pursue higher education.
A new online complaint system, launched in January, allows student veterans to detail problems they've experienced trying to access benefits at certain universities; some schools have been accused of using deceptive tactics to boost veteran enrollment.
An online "GI Bill Comparison Tool," meanwhile, allows veterans to easily compare how they can use their benefits at different universities.
On the state level, many colleges and universities have worked to improve student veterans' access to crucial resources. Those schools play an important role in ensuring veterans get what they're due, and they should maintain their efforts to assist veterans as more come back from overseas, said Paul Rieckhoff, founder and CEO of the advocacy group Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America.
"As we approach the 11th anniversary of the war in Iraq and as the war in Afghanistan winds down, our outreach efforts should intensify, not abate," Rieckhoff said. "Colleges and universities need to better understand the different facets of GI Bill benefits and help raise awareness about veterans' education benefits."
In Virginia, where the number of education beneficiaries rose 144 percent from 2009 to 2012, George Mason University's Office of Military Services holds sessions during freshman and transfer-student orientations to help veterans understand their GI Bill benefits. It also produces a monthly newsletter for student veterans at the campus in Fairfax, in suburban Washington, said Walter Sweeney, assistant transition coordinator at the office. The office also doubles as a student lounge where vets can do homework, eat lunch or relax between classes, he said.
Similarly, at the University of Georgia in Athens, a Student Veterans Resource Center provides assistance with VA benefits certification, health care, counseling, disability services, tutoring and advising. It also serves as a place for student veterans to connect with one another, said Charles T. Barco, who directs the center.
Before 2010, the number of veterans using education benefits rose modestly each year in most states. In South Carolina, the number of beneficiaries hit 7,000 in 2001, rising slowly to 7,872 by 2009.
But after the Post-9/11 GI Bill extended benefits to hundreds of thousands more veterans, benefit use skyrocketed in many places. By 2010, the number of beneficiaries in South Carolina was 13,056, according to VA records.
Members of Clemson's Student Veterans Association have worked to increase outreach to veterans at the university by volunteering to staff the veterans support center a few hours a week. They do so between classes and other responsibilities, said Curtis, who served in the Marine Corps for nine years.
"The idea is to create a focal point where any student veteran can come and get information about everything ranging from financial aid to dealing with the VA and support services," he said.
At its peak, Curtis said, about 20 to 30 student veterans were volunteering an hour or two a week to keep the center open. That number has dwindled, as many veterans are juggling schoolwork, jobs and families, he said.
The Student Veterans Association hopes to secure a larger space for the center soon, and it wants to establish a relationship with a faculty member who could serve as a voice for student veterans to the administration. Small policy changes — such as automatic excused absences from class when a student has a VA appointment — are also on the association's agenda, Curtis said.
Because Clemson does not track students' veteran status, the Student Veterans Association has no way of knowing exactly how many veterans are attending the university or of easily contacting all of them, Curtis said.
According to the VA's comparison tool, which shows how many students receive VA benefits at universities across the country, 498 Clemson students are using GI Bill benefits.
Members of the Student Veterans Association are working with Clemson officials to make it possible for students to identify themselves as veterans on their student records, Curtis said; that would make it much easier to let student vets know about resources on the campus.
Those resources include help with filling out GI Bill paperwork, a process with which student veterans are often unfamiliar, Curtis said. Centers like his also create a sense of community among a student population whose members often live off-campus and may not be as involved with other campus organizations, he said.
"It makes life so much easier to have a place and somebody who can guide you through it," he said.


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McKayla Maroney gets in on the 'McKayla is not impressed' meme
McKayla Maroney is showing a sense of humor about the Internet meme that features her smug, indifferent reaction to winning a silver medal on the vault. Her Fierce Five teammate, Aly Raisman, tweeted a picture of Maroney, Kyla Ross and herself standing outside a swimming pool and playfully sneering at the camera with the now-famous expression that launched a thousand Photoshops.
[ Photos: McKayla Maroney meme goes viral ]
A picture taken of Maroney standing on the medal podium with a similar expression became an Internet sensation in recent days. Users have Photoshopped an unimpressed McKayla into various historical, pop culture and current event scenes. Things that didn't impress McKayla included the moon landing, Mitt Romney's announcement of Paul Ryan as his running mate, the great pyramids of Giza and in the most meta posting of all, her own winning of the silver medal.
More Olympics coverage on Yahoo! Sports:
Related Olympics coverage on Yahoo! Sports:
• McKayla Maroney teaches Jenna Bush how to Dougie
• Maroney not pleased with silver medal
• Despite fall, McKayla Maroney shows true grit


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Grand Rapids Public School District Employment Opportunities for the Week of February 20, 2017
The mission of Grand Rapids Public School District is to ensure that all students are educated, self-directed and productive members of society.
List of available positions: 2.20.17 GRPS Open Positions
To apply for employment, visit: http://www.applitrack.com/grps/onlineapp/default.aspx
GRPS Human Resources and Legal Services
1331 Franklin SE · P.O. Box 117 · Grand Rapids, MI 49501-0117
Phone (616) 819-2022 · Fax 616-819-3492 · Email: firstname.lastname@example.com · www.grps.org · www.wearegr.com
@GRPublicSchools GRPublicSchools GRPSmychoice
Visit GRPS on the web at: http://www.grps.org/hr


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- Day. A typical day begins with a short coordination meeting, called a Scrum meeting in the Scrum method. After the daily coordination meeting the team collaborates throughout most of the day to perform their work. The day concludes with a working build, hopefully you had several working builds throughout the day, which depending on your situation may require a bit of stabilization work to achieve.
- Iteration. DAD construction iterations begin with an iteration planning session (coordinate) where the team identifies a detailed task list of what needs to be done that iteration. Note that iteration modeling is often part of this effort. Throughout the iteration they collaborate to perform the implementation work. They conclude the iteration by producing a potentially consumable solution, a demo of that solution to key stakeholders, and a retrospective to identify potential improvements in the way that they work.
- Release. The DAD lifecycle calls out three explicit phases - Inception, Construction, and Transition – which map directly to coordinate, collaborate, and conclude respectfully.
The agile 3C rhythm is similar conceptually to Deming's Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) cycle:
- Coordinate maps to plan
- Collaborate maps to do
- Conclude maps to check and act


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- Current Topics for Public Discussion
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Pullman Fireworks Regulations
Last Updated on Tuesday, 10 September 2013 08:16
June 25, 2013
Gary Jenkins, Chief of Police
Pullman Police Department
(509) 334-0802
PULLMAN – Monday, July 1, 2013 marks the opening of several fireworks stands in Pullman. However, it is illegal to discharge fireworks until July 3. Fireworks may be discharged:
•Wednesday, July 3, from 9 am to 11 pm
•Thursday, July 4, from 9 am to midnight
Any discharge of fireworks outside these time periods is a violation of Pullman City Code 3.16.015(8). Violations could result in a civil penalty of $100. Also, individual fireworks are not allowed in Sunnyside Park during the community celebration, which is being held on Thursday, July 4.
All fireworks stands in the City of Pullman have been inspected and are only selling legal fireworks. For those who purchase fireworks elsewhere .... buyer beware! Two of the most popular illegal fireworks are firecrackers and bottle rockets. Possession of illegal fireworks is a criminal misdemeanor. Also, the purchase of fireworks over the Internet is illegal. In Washington State, fireworks must be purchased from a licensed retail fireworks stand during the legal sales period.
Last year there were 354 fireworks-related injuries and fires reported to the State Fire Marshal's Office by fire departments and hospitals. Of the 354 reports received, there were 128 fires and 226 injuries. 26 fires and 64 injuries were caused by devices which are illegal to own or possess in Washington State. The majority of these incidents occur on July 4th.
Supervision of children 14 and under is critical in reducing emergency responses to fireworks incidents. Talk to your kids about fireworks and safety. Set family boundaries; only adults should light fireworks. Fireworks should be stored in a secure location out of the reach and sight of curious children. Personal fireworks require personal responsibility.
Pullman Police Officers will be actively patrolling for fireworks violations and have been instructed to assertively enforce the fireworks ordinance. Those found with illegal fireworks or discharging fireworks outside of the allowable time periods can expect a citation.
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Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação
versión impresa ISSN 1414-3283
COSTA, Caetano da; CASAGRANDE, Lisete Diniz Ribas y UETA, Julieta. Reflective processes and competencies involved in teaching practice at university: a case study. Interface (Botucatu) [online]. 2010, vol.5Selected edition, pp. 0-0. ISSN 1414-3283.
Founded on practical rationality, this qualitative case study aimed to explore the teaching practice at university, focusing on teacher's reflections and competencies. To this end, teaching practices were described, analyzed, and interpreted. These interactions with students on a course in the pharmacy program, brought about situations involving dilemmas and learning opportunities for problem-solving and decision-making skills. Throughout the study, students were encouraged to use knowledge-in-action, reflection-in-action, and reflection-on-action, and these processes were also experienced by the teacher. Analysis of the records from classroom observation and the interviews with students and the teacher showed the fundamental role of such reflective processes, which led to attainment of the intended objectives. In this sense, the teacher's reflective practice was essential for supporting the application of each curricular component of the course.
Palabras clave : Teacher's practices; Reflective processes; Teacher's competencies; Case study.


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Italy's Giulia Quintavalle won an upset-filled women's 57-kilogram class at the Olympics on Monday and Azerbaijan's Elnur Mammadli avenged his loss last year to Wang Ki-chun of South Korea in the men's 73-kilogram class.
Quintavalle took the early lead against Deborah Gravenstijn of the Netherlands and then expanded on it with a throw with just under two minutes remaining. Gravenstijn, ranked 8th in the world, could not find an opening, and was held scoreless until the five-minute match ended.
"I fought a tactical fight," Quintavalle said. "But I knew I could win."
Winning the bronzes were Brazil's Ketleyn Quadros, who defeated Australia's Maria Pekli in overtime, and China's Xu Yan, who upset No. 2-ranked Barbara Harel of France.
The men's final was over almost as soon as it started.
Mammadli needed only 23 seconds to finish off Wang, who had injured his ribs in the quarterfinal.
"It is a fight," Mammadli said. "He was the winner in the world championships. I am the winner now."
Winning Tajikistan's first Olympic medal ever, Rasul Boqiev threw European champion Dirk van Tichelt, of Belgium, for an ippon win and a bronze.Continue reading the main story
The second bronze went to Brazil's Leandro Guilheiro, who also needed less than 30 seconds to end his medal match with an ippon throw over Iran's Ali Malomat.
The women's field was exceptionally strong, and the preliminaries quickly decided the fate of several of the top athletes.
Gold-medal favorite Kye Sun Hui, the Atlanta extra-lightweight champion, threw Austria's Sabrina Filzmoser, the European champion and No. 1-ranked this year, with an ippon in her first match. But the North Korean then lost to Harel, by waza ari.
After coming back in repechage, Harel was stunned by China's Xu, who, after trailing, unleashed a throw that twirled her to the mat. As the crowd roared at Beijing's Science and Technology University, Xu did several backflips to celebrate her medal.
Quintavalle, who moved down from 63 kilograms 1 1/2 years ago, opened with a victory over Athens gold medalist Yvonne Boenisch of Germany, then defeated Harel for her semifinal berth against Australia's Pekli.
"Yvonne had lost against this opponent already at the past world championships," said Norbert Littkopf, Boenisch's coach. "It was a tough draw for everybody."
Third-ranked Isabel Fernandez, the Sydney gold medalist, went into overtime with Valerie Gotay of the United States in her opening bout and won on points. But she lost her next bout and did not medal.
"I want to congratulate the new generation," said silver medalist Gravenstijn. "It's good for judo."
The men's was a more scattered field, with the gold and silver medalists from Athens not in the running.
But in a match worthy of a final, Mammadli threw van Tichelt for an ippon halfway through their first-round match.
Wang slowed visibly after his quarterfinal, narrowly getting past Boqiev in the semis, on points.
He was virtually defenseless in the final.
Japan, which has been struggling in recent world competitions, was not a factor Monday.
Yusuke Kanamaru, third in the world championships but making his Olympic debut, crashed down to an ippon to Malomat in the first round. Kanamaru was eliminated from medal territory by Belguim's van Tichelt.
Kanamaru said he has had enough.
"I had already decided to retire after these games, but I will talk to the people around me and make my final decision."Continue reading the main story


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Purpose-built for pleasure
Cancun is an ultra-modern resort city, perched on top of the Yucatan peninsula, looking out over the Caribbean Sea. With over 250 days of sunshine every year, and miles of pristine beaches, it's one of Mexico's best places to build up a tan.
Shoppers are spoilt for choice in Canc�n. For clothing, La Isla Shopping Village (Boulevard Kukulcan Km 12.5) is the glitzy option, with mini bridges linking its 150 boutiques. Kukulcan Plaza and Luxury Avenue malls (Boulevard Kukulcan Km 13), adjacent to one another, are best for designer brands; visit Mexican brand Pineda Covalin for handmade scarves and accessories featuring Mayan imagery. For those who prefer markets to malls, Mercado 28 (off Avenidas Yaxchil�n and Sunyaxch�n) is a labyrinthine open-air flea market in central Canc�n where stalls sell everything from Mexican handicrafts to fresh food, at half the price of stalls in the hotel zone.
Food & Drink
From fine dining to fonditas, Canc�n's foodie scene is flourishing. Downtown, authentic Mexican cuisine can be found at Parque de las Palapas, where street vendors sell quesadillas, churros, tacos and tostadas at bargain prices. Alternatively, grab a table at PikNik (Avenida Tulum Calle Tulipanes) for Mexican that's cheap and cheerful. At the high end, tiny gem Peter's Restaurante (Avenida Bonampak 71-72) serves gourmet dishes to rave about, whilst La Habichuela's (Calle Margaritas 25) is a favourite with tourists and locals alike – reserve a table in the courtyard for a romantic setting. In the hotel zone, don't be fooled by Puerto Madero's (Boulevard Kukulcan Km 14) rustic look; the fine dining restaurant offers Argentinian steak and seafood to impress.
Canc�n Carnival
Stretching over five days, carnival in Canc�n is a raucous affair. Watch the costumed floats roll by as the carnival procession winds its way through the streets, and let yourself be distracted by the plethora of food stalls, concerts and exhibitions.
Canc�n-Riviera Maya Food & Wine Festival
Signalling the rise of the region's culinary scene, the Canc�n-Riviera Food and Wine Festival attracts a horde of superstar chefs (past guest chefs have included El Bulli's Ferran Adri�). Four days of workshops, demonstrations and samples guarantee you'll be stuffed.
Riviera Maya Film Festival
With movies showing throughout the Riviera Maya region, including Parques de las Palapas and Autocinema in Canc�n, the film festival is a great opportunity to explore the region's lesser-visited coastal towns.
Riviera Maya Jazz Festival
Recently relocated from Canc�n, the jazz festival in nearby Riviera Maya is one of the musical highlights of the year. Dance to the Latin beat as international artists perform over three days of concerts at the Mamita's Beach Club.
Canc�n International Film Festival
Showcasing the best of Mexican cinema, the Canc�n International Film Festival attracts a cosmopolitan crowd – including the odd celebrity – eager to support both new and established filmmakers.
Canc�n's well-deserved reputation as a party town means it has hotel options for all budgets. One of the best budget-friendly all-inclusive resorts is the Golden Parnassus Resort & Spa (Boulevard Kukulcan Km 14.5) where the fun and games include beer pong at breakfast and nightly shows. At the top end, with ocean views and private beach, Le Blanc Spa Resort (Boulevard Kukulcan Km 10) sets the gold standard for all-inclusives. Adults-only ME Canc�n (Boulevard Kukulcan Km 12) isn't far behind: rooms come complete with rain showers, Aveda toiletries and iPod docking stations. Downtown, Hotel Xbalamqu� Resort & Spa (Avenida Yaxchil�n 31) offers a unique insight into Mexican culture with Mayan murals in the lobby and main hallway.


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We've pared it down to the essentials: minimal ingredients, few steps, and a hassle-free cleanup. A great breakfast, lunch, or dinner doesn't get easier than this. We created these recipes with flexibility in mind. Adjust the quantity of the ingredients depending on the flavors you like best and the number of people you're serving.
Toast sliced whole-grain bread; let cool slightly. Spread with goat cheese, top with berries, mash with a fork, and drizzle a little honey on top.
Combine diced red and green peppers, cucumber, and red onion with halved cherry tomatoes, chopped herbs (mint and parsley), and chickpeas. Dress with red-wine vinegar and extra-virgin olive oil, and season. Toast whole-wheat pita until crisp and break into small pieces; toss into salad and serve.
Saute chopped kale with crushed garlic in extra-virgin olive oil; add a little water and cook until tender. Season with lemon, salt, and pepper. Spread toasted rustic bread with ricotta cheese. Top with kale and, if you like, a fried or poached egg.
For each cup of quinoa, mix with 1 tablespoon agave syrup and 1 tablespoon safflower oil; spread in a layer on a baking sheet and bake at 375 degrees for 10 minutes. Let cool and serve with yogurt and fruit. Serves at least 4. Store in an airtight container.
Boil 1 quart organic chicken broth; add 1 medium peeled and diced potato, 2 garlic cloves, 2 sliced scallions, and 3 cups mixed chopped greens, such as spinach, chard, kale, and tatsoi. Simmer until potatoes are tender, 5 to 10 minutes. Blend until smooth and season to taste. Spoon into bowls and top with shaved Parmesan. Serves 4.
Simmer 3/4 cup French green lentils with 4 chopped carrots, 2 sliced garlic cloves, and 1/2 teaspoon sea salt in water (enough to cover by 2 inches), until tender, about 20 minutes. Stir in juice of 1 lemon, season to taste, and add about 2 tablespoons chopped fresh dill to each bowl before serving. Serves 4.
Pan-fry a seasoned turkey cutlet in olive oil until golden brown on bottom; flip, and cook just until turkey is cooked through. Transfer to a plate and cook diced fresh tomatoes and caperberries (or capers) until juicy; spoon over turkey. Serve with steamed green beans.
Whisk together 3 whole eggs, 3 egg whites, and 1/4 cup cottage cheese. Add 6 sliced mushrooms and 4 chopped scallions; season with salt and pepper. Preheat a medium skillet over medium-high heat. Lightly coat with oil, add egg mixture, and cook until bottom is set. Transfer to broiler until cooked through, about 3 minutes. Serves 4.
Simmer shelled shrimp and baby bok choy wedges in salted water until shrimp are opaque and bok choy is tender, about 3 minutes. Lift from pot; set aside. Add soba to boiling water; drain when al dente and rinse in cold water. Stir minced ginger, sesame oil, tamari, and lime into noodles to taste. Divide among bowls and top with shrimp and bok choy.
Stir together 2 tablespoons miso paste, 2 tablespoons cider vinegar, and 2 teaspoons pure maple syrup. Whisk in 1 tablespoon of extra virgin olive oil. Finely shred a half head of red cabbage and thinly slice an apple. Toss with toasted walnut pieces and miso-maple dressing.
Steam skinless wild salmon fillets with fennel wedges in a lightly oiled steamer basket until salmon gives when pressed, about 6 minutes. Stir a mixture of chopped herbs (parsley, basil, tarragon, chives, dill, fennel fronds) with minced shallot, extra-virgin olive oil, and a splash of white-wine vinegar or lemon juice; season to taste. Spoon over fish.
Mash pinto or black beans with a pinch of ground cumin and a little olive oil. Saute corn kernels and sliced mixed peppers (hot or sweet) in olive oil with chopped garlic. Toast corn tortillas briefly. Spread bean mash on each tortilla and top with corn and peppers. Top with a sprinkling of cheese if you like.
Make a coarse paste of 1/2 cup roasted, unsalted almonds, 1 garlic clove, 1/2 teaspoon of coarse salt, and 3 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil in a food processor. Rub onto 2 seasoned boneless, skinless chicken breast halves. Roast in 425 degrees oven until cooked through, 15 to 18 minutes. Slice and serve on baby spinach with lemon wedges. Serves 2 to 4.
Mix equal parts cumin seed, chili powder, dried thyme, coarse salt and ground pepper. Coat cubed lamb with spice mix and olive oil and thread onto skewers. Grill, turning, until medium rare, about 5 minutes. Grill plum halves and coarsely chop. Drizzle both with sherry vinegar while hot.
Fold a 15-inch piece of parchment in half and place 1 skinless fillet of fish on one half. Drizzle with extra-virgin olive oil and add a couple strips orange zest, a few shiitake mushrooms, some minced ginger, cilantro sprigs, and a squeeze of orange juice. Enclose fish in parchment, pleating edges to create an airtight packet. Bake at 425 degrees until paper puffs up and fish gives when pressed, about 10 minutes.
Saute a good amount of minced garlic and finely julienned ginger with a pinch of chili flakes in safflower oil until just golden. On high heat, add thin strips of beef and chopped broccoli. Stir-fry until beef is seared and broccoli is crisp-tender. Stir a little tamari and a splash of water into hot pan. Add lime or orange juice to taste. Serve over a grain such as red quinoa.
Slice firm tofu into triangles 1/2-inch thick and place between layers of paper towels. Apply weight for 15 minutes. Heat safflower oil on high until shimmering and cook tofu in a single layer until bottom is golden. Flip, and add sugar snap peas and chopped garlic to pan. Cook on medium heat just until peas are crisp-tender and garlic is golden. Squeeze in lemon juice.
Make 3 slashes in the skin of mackerel or bluefish fillets, lightly rub with olive oil, and broil skin-side up until fish is cooked through, about 5 minutes. Serve with radishes and peeled cucumber spears. Lightly sprinkle fish and vegetables with rice vinegar, sea salt, and red-pepper flakes.
Toss cooked and cooled whole-wheat couscous with thinly sliced red onion and lemon juice. Season to taste and add toasted, shelled pistachios, fresh blackberries, and extra-virgin olive oil. Stir in basil, cilantro, or parsley leaves just before serving. Top with sliced, grilled chicken breast, lamb, pork, or tofu.
Cut uncooked kernels from 1 ear of corn and place in a bowl with a minced garlic clove. Boil 1/2 pound spinach pasta; add a handful each of green beans and frozen edamame for the last 2 minutes; drain with pasta and add to corn while hot. Stir in extra-virgin olive oil. Add basil, lemon zest and juice, and season to taste.
Simmer 1 1/2 cups water with 2 chopped tomatoes, 1/4 cup pitted oil-cured black olives, and 1/2 cup chopped herbs (thyme, basil, and parsley), about 5 minutes. Add 3 dozen mussels, cover and simmer until mussels open; discard any that don't. Serve with broth and crusty bread.
Pat dry 1/2 block extra firm tofu and blend with 3 tablespoons safflower oil, 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil, and 2 tablespoons lemon juice; season to taste. Spread onto sliced whole-grain bread and add tomato slices. Top with a handful of herbs, such as parsley, basil, chives, and cilantro. Season with sea salt.


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Audio Credit:
There was a large village called Urumiertuli (in Sheep Bay). There were many people there, but they did not know how to build a fire. They were rich and had all kinds of expensive furs. They saw a canoe coming around the point, and all began to shout. The canoe turned in to the village. It was Raven, all alone. It was in the fall of the year, and Raven had gone out hunting. The villagers were well pleased and took Raven up to their smoke house. They had no idea of how to start a fire. Raven said: "I wish you would place all your belongings under the smoke hole so I can see how they look – all your pretty furs."
They had heard of fire and asked Raven if he could go after it and get some of it. He asked if they had got whole pieces of silver salmon with tails and all which had been put in the ground to rot. "Yes, " they answered.
Raven said: "Then I will go after fire to-morrow."
He left early in the morning and told the people to wait a day and a night. He would be back the next day. In the evening the next day he returned. There was Phosphorescence on the water. He had taken a silver salmon with him, and when he came back he stirred it in the water; it made sparks like a fire. When he came ashore he left the salmon tail in the canoe. He told the people not to touch it, he would use it in the morning. The people were sitting there is the dark. "You have to get up as soon as day breaks," said Raven.
They all rose bright and early, they had listened to Raven. He got up himself and took two young men with him. They carried the silver-salmon tail and he also took a small seal stomach full of seal oil. He hit the trees standing there with the stomach till the oil squirted out. Then he beat the trees with the salmon tail, telling the men that the trees would turn to fire and would bake anything.
When he came back he told the chief: "Make two sticks with a cord, and we will have the fire started."
The wood was red cedar. Then he told the chief to take the two young men and a weight to hold the sticks down while they were drilling. As they did so, the sticks began to smoke and sparks flew. Raven had had the men make dry shavings to catch the fire. The shavings caught fire. They picked them up and waved them, then threw dry grass on them to flame up. The pitch bubbles on the spruce trees are the places where oil squirted. Raven said: "This kind of tree will be for firewood." And he said to the spruce trees: "You will be firewood when I get through with you."
They will cook any kind of food because he hit them with the salmon tail.
The people did not know what an adze was. Raven said" "Go down and look for greenstone, and you can make adzes out of them."
They did not know about hunting, they ate only fish and shellfish, but Raven told them how to make hunting implements out of stone. People in other villages learned to build fires and to hunt from the inhabitants of Urumiertuli.
They loaded raven's canoe with all kinds of furs and skins, so he became rich. Then we went away, they did not know where. He did not have his own village, but traveled all around.


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Soy Nog
Today is New Year's Eve and I thought I'd make something special for one of my sisters-in-law. I wanted to do something festive and decadent for her this Holiday Season, but she is deathly allergic to eggs and nuts. She has always wanted to try egg nog, so I thought how about egg nog, sans eggs and alcohol? It's Egg-less because of her allergy, and alcohol free because she's only nine. So let's get started on our egg-less custard with the eggnog flavoring.
Yields: 41/2 cup water
1 cup soy milk
3 Tbsp corn starch
1/8 tsp salt
4 Tbsp superfine sugar
1 tsp vanilla extract
1 tsp nutmeg, freshly grated1
1 1/2 tsp cinnamon, freshly grated 1
1 drop yellow food coloring, 2
1/2 cup heavy cream, cold 3
1 Tbsp powdered sugar
1 tsp imitation brandy extract, 4
1 tsp imitation almond extract, 5
In a little bowl, dissolve the sugar, cornstarch and salt in the milk.
In a non-reactive saucepan6, bring water to a boil then add the milk/cornstarch/sugar/salt mixture. This is a very delicate procedure; constantly stir the liquid with a small whisk while pouring the milk mixture very slowly so that it does not curdle. Keep whisking until liquid thickens. The liquid should be able to coat the back of a spoon. Love takes time, so does cooking...
Once off of the stove, pass all the liquid through a strainer to remove any lump of cornstarch, add the vanilla, nutmeg, cinnamon and yellow food coloring. Transfer to a pitcher. wrap with plastic wrap7. Let cool in the refrigerator for at least 3 hours8.
In a bowl previously put in the refrigerator (you gotta make sure it's cold), beat the cream until it reaches soft peaks, add the powdered sugar and then add the brandy and almond extracts. Beat one more time for a few seconds until stiff.
Gently fold the cream into the cold custard mixture. Refrigerate for another hour. When serving, garnish with a touch of grated nutmeg, a stick of cinnamon or just shaved chocolate like my little sister-in-law did. It's frothy and yummy.
1 I use a fine Microplane (spice grater)
2 food coloring is used to imitate the color of the egg yolk. Don't get too heavy handed with it, it'll look too artificial!
3 all the equipment as well as the ingredients should be cold to get a foamy whipping cream so that the fat particules stick together.
for alcoholic version, substitute with 2 Tbsp Brandy
5 for non-almond allergy, substitute with the real almond extract
6 I use a heat-resistant ceramic saucepan. I think it's ideal for making sauces and custards.
7 You gotta properly cover the container, fat content from the mixture might pick up some other smell from the refrigerator
8 you can keep this mixture in the fridge up to 3 days until serving
Check out the frozen version.