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Insomnia and daytime sleepiness are common complaints in Parkinson disease (PD), but the main causes remain unclear. We examined the potential impact of both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD on sleep problems.
Patients with PD (n = 128) were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, Survey of Autonomic Symptoms, and the 39-item Parkinson Disease Questionnaire. A subset of subjects (n = 38, 30%) also completed nocturnal polysomnography and a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT).
Multivariate stepwise logistic regression models revealed that subjective insomnia was independently associated with depressed mood (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.01-3.19]), autonomic symptoms (1.77 [1.08-2.90]), fatigue (1.19 [1.02-1.38]), and age (0.61 [0.39-0.96]). Subjective daytime sleepiness was associated with dosage of dopaminergic medication (1.74 [1.08-2.80]) and fatigue (1.14 [1.02-1.28]). On polysomnography, longer sleep latency correlated with autonomic symptoms (rho = 0.40, p = 0.01) and part I (non-motor symptoms) of the Unified PD Rating Scale (rho = 0.38, p = 0.02). Decreased sleep efficiency correlated with autonomic symptoms (rho = -0.42, p < 0.0001). However, no significant difference emerged on polysomnography and MSLTs between patients with or without insomnia or daytime sleepiness. Higher rates of apneic events did predict shorter sleep latencies on the MSLTs.
Non-motor symptoms appear to be associated with subjective insomnia, whereas fatigue and dopaminergic medication are associated with subjective daytime sleepiness. Objective sleep laboratory data provided little insight into complaints of insomnia and sleepiness, though obstructive sleep apnea predicted worsened sleepiness when measured objectively.
Chung S; Bohnen NI; Albin RL; Frey KA; Müller MLTM; Chervin RD. Insomnia and sleepiness in Parkinson disease: associations with symptoms and comorbidities. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(11):1131-1137.
Sleep-related disturbances, including insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, are some of the most common complaints of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). As many as 60% to 76% of PD patients experience insomnia.1,2 Nocturnal hypokinesia, nocturnal and early morning dystonia, and impaired bed mobility are thought to be common causes.2,3 In practice, attention often focuses on motor symptoms of PD, and these are probably considered first as possible causes of sleep disturbance. Although non-motor symptoms, such as depressed mood, anxiety, pain, or frequent nocturia tend to receive less clinical consideration, such symptoms could have substantial impact on sleep.4 In particular, depression is the most common psychiatric problem in PD, with an estimated prevalence of 17% to 50%,5,6 depending on the rating scales or structured clinical diagnosis used to identify the problem. Several studies have examined the relationship between depressed mood and sleep disturbance in PD patients.7 The relative contributions, however, of motor and non-motor features to sleep disturbance remains unclear, despite the important impact that sleep disturbance can have on quality of life in patients with PD. Furthermore, the potential value of objective sleep laboratory data, in understanding sleep-related complaints in PD, remains unclear. The main objective of this study was to examine associations of both motor and non-motor PD symptoms with reported sleep problems. We hypothesized that non-motor and motor symptoms of PD patients would each show independent association with subjective insomnia or daytime sleepiness. In a subset of patients, we also assessed the extent to which polysomnography and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) may help to understand sleep complaints in PD.
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Sleep disturbance and daytime somnolence are common complaints in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), but the main causes remain unclear. This study was done to explore associations between sleep-related complaints and potential contributors, including both motor and non-motor PD symptoms.
Study Impact: Non-motor features of PD, such as mild depressive symptoms, fatigue, and autonomic symptoms, are associated with subjective insomnia, whereas fatigue and dopaminergic medication dose are associated with subjective daytime sleepiness. In evaluation of PD patients who complain of insomnia or sleepiness, clinicians should explore other non-motor symptoms, in particular, as possible causes or comorbidities.
A total of 128 subjects, including 96 men and 32 women, were recruited from the Movement Disorders Clinics at the University of Michigan and the Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Health System. Inclusion criteria included PD according to the UK Parkinson Disease Society Brain Bank Research Center clinical diagnostic criteria.8 Subjects' PD severity ranged, from modified Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 to 4, and brain imaging showed a typical pattern of nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation on [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ)-positron emission tomography (PET).9 Subjects were not selected on the basis of any specific sleep complaints. Among the 128 subjects, 38 (30%) volunteered to undergo nocturnal polysomnography and MSLTs. Some data from subjects who underwent sleep studies have been described previously in a report about [11C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile (DASB) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.10 We recorded information on demographics, motor symptoms, medications, and comorbidities. Of the 128 subjects, 67 (52%) took carbidopa/levodopa, 11 (8%) took a dopamine agonist, 42 (33%) took a combination of carbidopa/levodopa and a dopamine agonist, and 8 (6%) subjects did not take any medication. For ≥ 2 months prior to study entry, no subjects received neuroleptics, psychostimulants, antimuscarinics, or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Among the 38 subjects who underwent nocturnal polysomnography, none were taking trazodone, modafinil, St. John's Wort, or bupropion. None of subjects who underwent nocturnal polysomnography were taking antidepressants, which could have interfered with tracer binding during [11C]DASB PET imaging required for the parent protocol.10 During the 2 weeks prior to sleep studies, no subjects received activating or sedating medications, including benzodiazepines and antihistamines. In contrast, 19 (21%) of the 90 subjects who did not have a nocturnal polysomnography were taking an antidepressant.
All patients were clinically evaluated by a movement disorder neurologist. A family member or caregiver provided additional information. Each subject signed a written informed consent, approved by the University of Michigan Medical School Institutional Review Board (IRBMED). Clinical information collected included assessment of disease severity with the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS).11 This instrument has 4 sections: Part I - non-motor experiences of daily living, Part II - motor experiences of daily living, Part III - motor examination, and Part IV - motor complications of medication. We included only parts I–III as primary independent variables in statistical analyses. Subjective measures of sleep disturbance and daytime sleepiness were assessed with the well-validated Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)12 and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).13 Secondary exploratory variables included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment,14 Beck Depression Inventory,15 trait portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory,16 Fatigue Severity Scale,17 Survey of Autonomic Symptoms,18 and the 39-item Parkinson Disease Questionnaire19 (as a quality of life rating scale for Parkinson disease patients).
Polysomnograms included 6 electroencephalography (EEG) channels, 2 electrooculography (EOG) channels, chin and bilateral anterior tibialis surface electromyelography (EMG), 2 electrocardiography (EKG) leads, nasal and oral airflow (thermocouples), nasal pressure monitoring, thoracic and abdominal excursion (uncalibrated inductance plethysmography), snoring, and finger oximetry, all in accordance with American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2007 recommendations.20 Scoring also was performed according to standard guidelines20 by a single, experienced registered technologist masked to results of patients' clinical assessments and measurements. A board-certified sleep specialist (R.D.C.), masked to patients' clinical data, reviewed scoring and interpreted each sleep study. The apnea-hypopnea index ([AHI] events per hour of sleep), was used to identify absence of significant obstructive sleep apnea (< 5, no OSA), mild OSA (5 to < 15), moderate OSA (15 to < 30), and severe OSA (≥ 30). Subjects underwent polysomnography after taking their normal schedule of dopamine replacement medications. On the day following polysomnography, MSLTs were performed using only the EEG, chin EMG, EKG, and EOG channels. The test consisted of 5 nap opportunities of 20 min every 2 hours throughout the day, and followed standard guidelines.21
Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS Ver. 19.0 for Windows (IBM software). Data are summarized as means ± SD. The level of significance was defined as p < 0.05 in 2-tailed tests for all analyses. We analyzed our data in 2 ways. First, we performed logistic regression analysis with subjective insomnia (ISI) or daytime sleepiness (ESS) as the dependent variables and parts I–III of MDS-UPDRS as the primary independent variables to test our hypothesis that non-motor and motor symptoms of PD patients show independent association with subjective insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Second, we followed a 2-step analysis approach to examine the influence of secondary measures. We performed a data reduction step by exploring which variables correlated with the subjective sleep measures using the nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficient rho. Significant variables were then entered into stepwise logistic regression models with subjective insomnia (ISI) or sleepiness (ESS) as the dependent variables.
The mean age of the 128 participants was 65.7 ± 7.6 years old (range: 50-84); 96 (75%) were men; and the mean duration of illness was 5.9 ± 4.3 years (range: 0.5-20). The mean Hoehn and Yahr stage was 2.4 ± 0.5 (range: 1-4). Mean score on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was 25.9 ± 2.5, and 70 (61%) of the subjects showed normal cognitive function as defined by a score ≥ 26.14 The mean levodopa equivalent dosage of medications taken for PD was 689.2 ± 521.7 mg/day. Male and female patients showed no significant difference in age, duration of illness, Hoehn and Yahr stages, cognitive function, subjective insomnia severity, subjective daytime sleepiness, depressed mood, anxiety, fatigue, and Parkinson disease-related quality of life, though scores on the Survey of Autonomic Symptoms did differ (male 4.2 ± 4.1, female 6.1 ± 4.6, p = 0.03). The distributions of ISI and ESS scores are presented in Figure 1.
Frequency distribution of insomnia severity index (A) and Epworth sleepiness scale (B) scores in patients with Parkinson disease
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Multivariate logistic regression models showed that part I of MDS-UPDRS (non-motor symptoms) rather than parts II (motor symptoms) or III (motor examination findings) mainly contributed to subjective insomnia assessed using the ISI (Table 1). However, none of the MDS-UPDRS parts were significantly associated with subjective daytime sleepiness assessed using the ESS.
Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis (n = 128)
For the 128 subjects, insomnia severity as reflected by ISI score correlated significantly with age, levodopa equivalent dose, Beck Depression Inventory, Trait Anxiety Score, Fatigue Severity Scale, Survey of Autonomic Symptoms, 39-item Parkinson Disease Questionnaire, and parts I and II subcategories of the MDSUPDRS (Table 2). Daytime sleepiness as assessed by the ESS was significantly correlated with Hoehn and Yahr stage, duration of illness, levodopa equivalent dose, Beck Depression Inventory, trait score of State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, Survey of Autonomic Symptoms, 39-item Parkinson Disease Questionnaire, and each of the 3 assessed components of the MDS-UPDRS. Subjects who were taking dopamine agonists alone (n = 11) and those who took levodopa alone (n = 67) showed no significant differences in ESS scores. The ISI and ESS scores were moderately correlated with each other.
Correlation of subjective sleep questionnaire (n = 128) and objective polysomnographic findings (n = 38) with age and measures of Parkinson disease or related symptom severity
A multivariable stepwise logistic regression model showed that Beck Depression Inventory, Survey of Autonomic Symptoms, Fatigue Severity Scale, and age each contributed statistically in an independent manner to insomnia (Table 3). The levodopa equivalent dose and Fatigue Severity Scale showed the closest independent associations with sleepiness.
Results of multivariate stepwise logistic regression of insomnia symptoms or sleepiness on specific Parkinson disease features and comorbidities (n = 128)
The 38 participants who volunteered to have polysomnography and MSLTs had a mean age of 64.3 ± 6.2 years; mean disease duration was 4.9 ± 3.6 years. Mean Hoehn and Yahr stage was 2.3 ± 0.4, and 31 (81.6%) of these patients were male. There were no significant differences in these clinical characteristics or the rating scale scores (ISI, ESS, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, Survey of Autonomic Symptoms, 39-item Parkinson Disease Questionnaire, and part I–III of MDS-UPDRS) between patients who underwent sleep studies and those who did not. Table 4 shows the results of nocturnal polysomnography for the 38 subjects. Subjects with insomnia and without it showed no significant difference in several polysomnographic variables (Table 4). Similarly, subjects with and without subjective daytime sleepiness showed no significant difference on polysomnography. Objective measure of daytime sleepiness (mean sleep latency ≤ 8 min on MSLT) was significantly associated with only short nocturnal sleep latency among polysomnographic variables.
Results of nocturnal polysomnography among subjects with and without significant insomnia or daytime sleepiness (n = 38)
Among the 38 subjects who had polysomnography, sleep latency correlated with autonomic symptoms as assessed by the Survey of Autonomic Symptoms and part I of the MDS-UPDRS (Table 2). Sleep efficiency correlated with Survey of Autonomic Symptoms. Sleep efficiency was not correlated with PLM index or PLM arousal index. In addition, the mean sleep latency on the MSLT was not significantly correlated with demographic variables of subjects and various rating scales scores.
The AHI was not significantly correlated with rating scale scores or demographic variables except for body mass index (BMI, rho = 0.50, p = 0.002). Obstructive sleep apnea (AHI ≥ 5 events per hour of sleep) was found in 28 (74%) of the subjects. The AHI suggested no OSA in 10 subjects, mild OSA in 5, moderate OSA in 12, and severe OSA in 11. No significant difference emerged in total sleep time, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency among these 4 groups. However, the AHI correlated with objective daytime sleepiness, as reflected by shorter mean sleep latency on the MSLT (rho = -0.47, p = 0.003). Urinary problems (on the MDS-UPDRS part-I) and OSA (AHI, RDI, or mean O2 saturation) showed no significant correlation.
This study of 128 patients with PD demonstrates that non-motor symptoms, including fatigue, depressed mood, and autonomic problems, rather than motor symptoms, are most closely and independently associated with reported insomnia. Younger age was also correlated with insomnia. Levodopa equivalent dose and fatigue severity showed the strongest independent associations with subjective daytime sleepiness. Surprisingly, we also found in a subsample of 38 subjects that gold-standard, sleep laboratory-based nocturnal polysomnography and MSLTs did not discriminate PD patients with subjective insomnia or daytime sleepiness from PD patients who did not report these problems.
In general, depressed mood is one of the leading causes of insomnia, and insomnia is one of core symptoms of depression. Delayed sleep onset, disrupted sleep continuity, decreased slow wave sleep, and alterations in REM sleep are often reported in patients diagnosed as having depression.22 Insomnia is reported as a risk factor for the progression of depression, suicidal ideation, and recurrence of depression. Depressed mood in PD may be associated with dopaminergic dysfunction, as dopamine agonist medication can improve depressive symptoms,23 and depressed mood can occur after discontinuation of these agents in PD patients. However, depressed mood in PD patients is usually under-recognized, perhaps because relevant symptoms may be confused with other conditions. Depressive symptoms in PD patients should be managed as effectively as possible, only in part because this may enhance control of sleep disturbances and improve quality of life.
Autonomic dysfunction can influence the severity of insomnia in PD patients.24 Autonomic dysfunction such as urinary problems and gastrointestinal symptoms could give rise to sleep complaints. Nocturia, particularly in elderly people, is often overlooked as a cause of sleep disturbance.4 In the current study, the ISI score was significantly correlated with urinary problems and constipation (individual items within part I of the MDS-UPDRS, data not shown). Some authors have speculated that the anatomical proximity and concomitant degeneration of sleep and autonomic regulatory centers in the brain stem may explain this correlation.24,25
We also found that the ISI score shows an independent, inverse association with age. In contrast, outside the context of PD, the prevalence of insomnia increases with age.26 However, previous studies have suggested that the severity of insomnia is less affected by age than by anxiety, depression, fatigue, dysfunctional belief toward sleep, and personality.27,28 Parkinson symptom severity could conceivably contribute to the inverse association we identified, but in fact age correlated directly with Hoehn and Yahr stages (rho = 0.32, p < 0.0001), part II (rho = 0.29, p = 0.001) and part III (rho = 0.21, p = 0.02) of the MDS-UPDRS. Among individual symptom items of MDSUPDRS, there was no item except sleep problems (rho = -0.27, p = 0.004) that improved with age (data not shown).
We observed that fatigue is associated with subjective insomnia in PD patients. Fatigue is a common condition in chronically ill PD patients, and the reported prevalence of fatigue in PD ranges from 33% to ~58%,29 depending on its definition. Fatigue itself can decrease physical activity during the daytime in PD patients, and therefore could significantly influence the frequency and severity of insomnia. In addition, fatigue is usually associated with depressed mood, although fatigue is a symptom that should be distinguished from depressed mood. However, our cross-sectional analysis does not allow us to exclude the likely possibility that for some patients, poor nocturnal sleep augments fatigue, or that a third variable fosters both fatigue and insomnia.
In our data, fatigue was also associated with daytime sleepiness. In PD patients, daytime sleepiness and fatigue are often considered to arise from sleep disturbance, disease progression, depressive symptoms, or the presence of other comorbid illness.30 In particular, medications have been suspected to contribute to insomnia or daytime sleepiness in PD patients,31 as dopaminergic agents can have daytime sleepiness or sudden-onset sleep attacks as an adverse effect. We observed that high doses of medications were associated with daytime sleepiness in accordance with other previous studies.32,33 Although daytime sleepiness followed by nocturnal sleep disturbance has a large impact on quality of life in PD, control of medication-related daytime sleepiness may not be simple because high doses of antiparkinsonian medication may be necessary to reduce severe motor symptoms.
Among our 38 PD patients who underwent nocturnal polysomnography, longer sleep latency was associated with increased autonomic symptoms and the part I subcategory of the UPDRS. We previously found, among a larger set of PD subjects (including those who had polysomnography in the current study), that the total UPDRS score correlated with sleep efficiency rather than sleep latency,10 and we believe that the difference in the sample as well as the current focus on separate UPDRS parts is likely to explain this difference. Decreased sleep efficiency was associated only with increased autonomic symptoms. In contrast, previous investigators found something that we could not confirm with objective measures, namely that PD duration was correlated with increased subjective sleep latency or decreased sleep efficiency.34 In our study, subjective insomnia severity was not reflected by any polysomnographic results. Overall, our data suggest that polysomnography is useful to assess comorbid sleep disorders and OSA in particular in PD patients.35 However, PSG cannot explain subjective symptoms of sleepiness and insomnia specific to PD. The MSLTs did not reflect subjective daytime sleepiness as measured by the ESS. Previous studies also have documented little or no correlation between subjective sleepiness and MSLT results,36 even among PD patients.37
Obstructive sleep apnea was frequently observed in our PD patients. A previous study found OSA in 43% of 49 PD patients and implicated OSA as a cause of daytime sleepiness and tiredness.38 The OSA may arise in part from upper airway muscle dysfunction caused by nocturnal akinesia or dyskinesia. However, a recent report suggested that the frequency of OSA in PD is not different from that seen in the general population.39 Our previous study also showed that neither serotoninergic nor dopaminergic neuron degeneration play a key role in OSA among our PD patients.10 In the current study, the variables that predicted the apnea-hypopnea index in PD patients were BMI and objective daytime sleepiness, rather than motor or non-motor symptoms of PD. Our findings support the lack of direct association between OSA and disease status or progression in PD patients.
Several limitations in this study should be considered. First, objective sleep measures including nocturnal polysomnography and daytime MSLTs were obtained for only 30% of the subjects, though those who volunteered for these studies did not differ from remaining subjects on key PD or sleep measures. Second, Hoehn and Yahr scores of the subjects in this study suggested early to moderate PD, when motor symptoms may not yet have made a large contribution to insomnia or daytime sleepiness. Third, our data on depression and ability to discern its association with sleep problems may have been limited by use of antidepressants among 19 (21%) of the 90 subjects who did not have sleep studies. However, Beck Depression Inventory scores were higher (not lower) among patients who took antidepressants than among those who did not (p = 0.03, data not shown). Fourth, the MDS-UPDRS part II does not capture all motor issues related to sleep. For example, nocturnal and early morning dystonia are not addressed, though limitations to turning in bed and getting out of bed are addressed. Perhaps most importantly, our study was cross-sectional, and results cannot be used to confirm cause-and-effect relationships.
We did observe that non-motor features such as mild depressive symptoms, fatigue, and autonomic symptoms are associated with insomnia ratings among PD patients, whereas fatigue and dopaminergic medication dose are associated with subjective sleepiness. Our findings suggest that clinicians should pay particular attention to uncontrolled non-motor features as potential causes or results of insomnia or daytime sleepiness among patients diagnosed with Parkinson disease. Subjective rating scales may be useful to assess routinely for insomnia and daytime sleepiness in PD patients, and laboratory-based sleep studies may be informative when evaluation for OSA and associated, objective daytime sleepiness is desired.
This was not an industry supported study. Dr. Chung is supported by University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center in South Korea. Dr. Bohnen has received funding from the NIH, Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Michael J. Fox Foundation. Dr. Albin receives research support from the NIH, Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Cure Huntington Disease Initiative. He served on DSMBs for the HORIZON and QE3 trials. He receives reimbursement for medical-legal consulting. Dr. Frey has received support from the NIH and General Electric (GE Healthcare). He is a consultant to AVID Radiopharmaceuticals (a subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co), Bayer-Schering pharmaceuticals and MIM Software. He holds common stock in Bristol-Myers Squibb, General Electric, Johnson & Johnson and Novo Nordisk. Dr. Müller has received support from the NIH and Department of Veterans Affairs. Dr. Chervin has received support from the NIH, the University of Michigan Health System, Respironics, and Fisher Paykel. He receives honoraria from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and UpToDate.
The authors thank C. Minderovic for expert assistance with execution of this protocol.
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text:
Palestinian rejectionism is featured in this short but poignant video
[Prager University]
Capturing the MidEast in short soundbites: poignant reflections by people who understand the complexities of the Middle East. My philosophy is: "less is more." You won't agree with everything that's here, but I'm confident you will find it interesting! Excepting the titles, my own comments are minimal. Instead I rely on news sources to string together what I hope is an interesting, politically challenging, non-partisan, non-ideological narrative.
|Hassan Abbasi

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Fairy Caravan
AbeBooks Seller Since June 13, 2007Quantity Available: 1
AbeBooks Seller Since June 13, 2007Quantity Available: 1
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Title: The Fairy Caravan
Publisher: Philadelphia: David McKay, (1929)
Publication Date: 1929
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text:
| December 23, 2006, 2:35 pm
Trains and boats and planes … ev'ry time I see them I pray the trains and the boats and the planes will bring you back, back home to me.
Almost like the Burt Bacharach song, it took many modes of transportation to get several of the principals to Colorado in time for Friday night's Denver Debutante Ball. Boats were the only exception.
With airports and roads closed because of the Holiday Blizzard, debutantes, post-debutantes, family members and friends found themselves doing whatever it took — even accepting the kindness of strangers — to get to the Brown Palace Hotel. Read more…


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Department of Revenue News Release
August 09, 2012Tax Evader Sentenced to 15-Day Sentence in Cole County Jail
JEFFERSON CITY - A Jefferson City man began serving a 15-day jail sentence Wednesday for tax evasion after receiving his final sentence in Cole County Circuit Court.
Farrel Shay Carpenter, 55, was found guilty by a Cole County jury in July of failing to file a tax return and failing to pay income tax in 2007. His final sentence was handed down Wednesday by Cole County Presiding Circuit Judge Patricia Joyce. Besides the jail sentence, Carpenter was also ordered to pay a fine of $5,000.
During the trial, testimony from an investigator with the Missouri Department of Revenue noted that Carpenter had not filed an income tax return since 1991. Carpenter's defense included a claim that he is a "non-taxpayer" and that laws applying to taxpayers do not apply to him.
Missouri Department of Revenue Director Alana M. Barragán-Scott said that blatant tax evasion like Carpenter's is not fair to honest Missourians who follow the law.
The Missouri Department of Revenue is now on Twitter! To follow the Department on Twitter, go to http://twitter.com/#!/MoRevenue.


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The Vampire Diaries' Klaus and Caroline have formed a twisted friendship as of late — but what comes next? TVLine has an exclusive first look at an upcoming scene between the two, and it appears that a big, confrontational turn in their relationship is ahead.
RELATED | Vampire Diaries Season 4 Spoilers — Scoop on the Destruction-Filled Finale
On the May 2 episode (The CW, 8/7c), the blonde vamp has a "confusing and dangerous encounter" with the Original, the official episode description says. Is Caroline confused about her feelings for Klaus? And does the below photo look "dangerous" as in violent, or on the cusp of a passionate moment?
Check out the sneak peek and then hit the comments with your thoughts to this query: Do you think the pair will stay purely platonic, cross the line into something more or go back to being sworn enemies?Follow @VladaGelman


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While we'd love to always cocoon our newborns in a safe, cushiony bassinet, they'll be taking trips everywhere from the doctor's office to grandma's house. Ensure your infant's safety and comfort on the go with a reliable baby car seat and baby stroller. You'll find all kinds of car seats and strollers in various configurations and sizes at Kmart, so you're sure to get just the right match for your car and for your baby's age and size.
Young infants require rear-facing car seats to prevent strain on their head and neck in the event of sudden braking. As your toddler grows up, he or she can use a front-facing car seat, depending on manufacturer guidelines about weight and age. If you want to be able to switch from car seat to stroller without unbuckling and rebuckling your baby, consider a convertible car seat. You'll discover many stroller options as well, from dual-seat strollers for larger families to umbrella strollers that protect your little one from the elements. Most car seats and strollers are stain resistant, and some feature removable cushions that can be thrown in the wash. Of course, be sure to keep plenty of baby wipes on hand for cleaning on the go.
Whether your child is taking his or her first car trip home from the hospital or already exploring the world from the seat of his or her stroller, you'll find the perfect baby travel systems to suit you and your kiddo's lifestyle at Kmart.


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The attorneys for convicted murderer Drew Peterson said there's no doubt the case will be heard on appeal, calling it a "dark day in America" when someone can be convicted on hearsay evidence.
"They passed a law to get this individual. Do you really think that somebody can take on the government and win in a case like this? It's almost impossible," said attorney Joe Lopez.
With no physical evidence tying Peterson to the death of his third wife, Kathleen Savio, prosecutors had to rely on hearsay and circumstantial evidence. Such testimony isn't usually admissible in court, but Illinois legislators in 2008 passed a law -- dubbed "Drew's Law" -- which allows it in rare circumstances.
"There's going to be an appeal. Believe me, there's several world-class appellate lawyers just waiting to get their teeth into this," said defense attorney Joel Brodksy.
But if Will County State's Attorney James Glasgow felt threatened he'd ultimately lose the case on appeal, he didn't let on.
"If you murder the witness to silence them, you extinguish your right to confront the witness," he said, referencing 2007's Giles versus California, in which a man was convicted for the murder of his ex-girlfriend. "There are federal cases throughout the country upholding this principle."
Attorney Sam Adam Jr., who didn't work on the Peterson case, said that no matter what happens in the appellate court, the case will almost certain to go all the way to the United States Supreme Court.
"This is a brand new law," said Adam. "The crime was committed, they changed the law and then allow it to be used in the crime prior to that law taking effect."
Peterson will be sentenced Nov. 26.


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Pilot accused of flying pot into airport sentenced
BOULDER – A California pilot accused of flying 55 pounds of marijuana into an airport in Boulder has been given two years of probation and fined $10,000.
The Daily Camera reports District Judge Thomas Mulvahill sentenced 46-year-old Carl Steven Gruber on Friday, saying he didn't believe the man's story that the pot was fresh inventory for a local medical marijuana facility.
Police say they received a request from the Department of Homeland Security in late January to assist with a suspicious plane that had landed at Boulder Municipal Airport.
Gruber was charged with possession of between five and 100 pounds of marijuana with intent to distribute and possession of more than 12 ounces of the drug. As part of a plea deal, he acknowledged a single felony charge of distributing fewer than five pounds of marijuana.
Start a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.
If you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.


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Welcome to Emu Valley Rhododendron Garden
"Over 22,000 plants in a natural ampitheatre"
(peak flowering mid September to mid November)
We are a non-profit community organisation developing, maintaining and operating a multiple award-winning rhododendron garden.
The garden is widely known internationally and its unique design makes it one of Australia's major rhododendron gardens.
See over 22,000 rhododendrons and other select plants set among 11ha with a series of "countries" from which the wild rhododendrons originate, within authentic built environments.
Open daily
9am - 5.00pm
Closed Christmas Day & Good Friday
Open daily
10am - 4pm
Closed: Christmas Day & Good Friday
$15.00 per Adult
$12.00 Concession
Emu Valley Rhododendron Garden offers walking tracks, lakes, bridges and many other unique design features, as well as a resident platypus, echidna and diverse bird life. Our Tea Room is always a welcome and restful diversion for visitors.
The Garden features:
the amphitheatre consisting mainly of rich volcanic soil which was never farmed. The walls slope moderately steep into a large stepped basin fed by several natural springs forming a series of lakes.
landscaping including four lakes, waterfalls, several bridges, several gazebos, long dry stone walls and numerous paths and internal roads.
native fauna such as wild ducks, native hens, grebes, many other bird species, platypus, echidna and some reptile species. Native flora include many tree and fern species.
the garden is classified as a plant museum. As such it is a repository for many species of the genus rhododendron that are or may become endangered mostly due to human activity.
visitor facilities including parking for cars, buses and caravans, toilets and tearooms with disabled access.


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Menus Menu Item Menu Item Alias
From Joomla! Documentation
How To Access
To create a new Alias Menu Item:
- Select Menus → [name of the menu] from the drop-down menu on the back-end of your Joomla! installation (for example, Menus → Main Menu).
- Click the New Toolbar button to create a new menu item.
- Click the Menu Item Type Select button File:Help-4x-Menu-Item-Type-Select-Button-en.png and then click the Menu Item Alias link under System Links.
To edit an existing Menu Item Alias, click its Title in Menu Manager: Menu Items.
Used to create a link from one Menu Item to another Menu Item. This link can be to another Menu's, Menu Item or within the same Menu. See Quick Tips for use.
Details Tab
These are the required settings: Chunk4x:Help screen column header Menu Title\en Chunk4x:Help screen column header Menu Item Type\en
- Menu Item. Select a Menu Item name to point Alias Menu Item name at. The drop down list is sectioned by Menu Names, with a list of Menu Item names under each Menu Name.
- Menu: Shows which menu the link will appear in.
Notable Settings
Leave the Alias blank if the Menu Item Alias has the same Parent (in the same Menu Name).
Common Options
See Menu Item Manager: Edit/New Menu Item for help on fields common to all Menu Item types, under the Advanced Details Tab which includes:
Module Assignments Tab
See Menu Item Manager: New Menu Item for help on fields in Module Assignments for this Menu Item.
Quick Tips
- Leave the alias field empty if the menu item alias and the menu item linked to by the alias have the same parent.
- A Main Menu Item Alias could link to an Article Menu's 'Some Menu Type' Menu Item. By using Module Assignments, a possible use would be to replace the Main Menu with the Article Menu when the Alias Menu Item is clicked. A return to Main Menu when another Alias Menu Item is clicked pointed back to a Menu Item in the Main Menu.
At the top left you will see the toolbar:
The functions are:
- Save: Saves the menu item and stays in the current screen.
- Save & Close. Saves the menu item and closes the current screen.
- Save & New. Saves the menu item and keeps the editing screen open and ready to create another menu item.
Chunk4x:Help screen toolbar icon Cancel\en Chunk4x:Help screen toolbar icon Help\en


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timemanagementIn Person
Put an end to the stress, burnout and worry caused by having too much to do in too little time.Sprawdź terminy i lokalizacje
Czego się nauczysz?
You'll begin by learning to prioritize projects in terms of their payoff – where can you get the biggest bang for your "time buck." Next you'll learn how to lock out mental distractions so that you can concentrate the enormous power and energy of your mind on your priorities. You'll be amazed at how much more you can do – and how much more effectively you operate – when your attention is totally and completely focused.
Dlaczego chcesz się tego nauczyć?
Are you frequently stressed out by the unrealistic expectations of others who think their issues are the really urgent ones? Does it seem that you are swimming against the tide of procrastination? If so, then it's time to fight back and take control of your day.
Jak ci to pomoże?
By using techniques like "day-tight compartments" and "magic formula decision making" you will actually train your mind to be laser sharp all the time. You'll learn to cut through the clutter, zero in on the real issue, deal with it and move on. This powerful program will also give you four work habits that will banish fatigue and energize you to accomplish more than you ever thought possible. In addition, it will help you deal with the monumental, twin technological time wasters – the avalanche of e-mail and the telephone tag caused by voice mail.


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Explore Our Hotel
Discover all that downtown South Bend and the University of Notre Dame has to offer at the convenient, comfortable Holiday Inn Express & Suites-Notre Dame IN. You are at the heart of everything, shopping, dining, entertainment and the arts. You are a short trip to the University of Notre Dame, Newton Park, downtown South Bend and much more.
Getting there has to be fast and convenient too. Only 5 miles from the South Bend International Airport, you'll spend less time in traffic and more time doing what you came to South Bend to do. And there is easy access to the Indiana Toll Road, 80/90 expressway and a short drive to I-94, only two hours east of Chicago.
Whether you're coming to South Bend Indiana to visit Notre Dame and the Fighting Irish, or for business or just for fun your room at the Holiday Inn Express & Suites-Notre Dame is your personal retreat. You'll have room to work, relax and make the most of your day. Amenities such as high-speed Internet, indoor pool and hot tub, work center, plush towels and luxurious bedding mean every night is a great night and every day starts right. You can relax with a cool one at the Eddie Street Commons many dining choices and when it's time to dine you can enjoy a dining adventure at Navarre Cafe downtown, one of the area's premier dining options.
The best of South Bend and Notre Dame is waiting for you at the Holiday Inn Express & Suites-Notre Dame.
- Black-out Shades
- Pillow Menu
- Rollaway Bed/Cot Available
- Iron/Ironing Board
- In-room Safe
- Separate Hanging Closet
- In-Room Heating and A/C Controls
Bathroom/Personal Care
- Private Bathroom
- Bathroom Amenities Available
- Hair Dryer
- Bathtub
In-Room Features
- Mini Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Coffee Maker
- Flat-screen TV
- Work Desk with Lamp
- Desk-level Electrical Outlet
- Free Local Calls
- Cable/Satellite
- Direct-dial Phone
- Phone with Voicemail
- Complimentary Morning Newspaper
- Windows Open by Guest
Added Value
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Complimentary Coffee/Tea Supplies
- Full Breakfast Included
- Breakfast Buffet Included
- Continental Breakfast Included
- Complimentary Coffee in Lobby
Business Services
- 1 Meeting Room(s) Available
- On-Site Business Center
- Printer
- Copier
Internet Access
- Free High-Speed Internet in all Rooms
- Wireless Internet service is free for all IHG® Rewards Club members
Entertainment & Recreation
- Indoor Pool
- Indoor Whirlpool
- Indoor Pool Hours of Operation: 8:00 AM - 11:00 PM
Health & Fitness
Complimentary Fitness Center
Complimentary Fitness Center 2 treadmills 1 elliptical 1 weight machine Hours of Operation: 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM Fitness Center Type: LIMITED
Hours of Operation: 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM
Fitness Center Type: LIMITED
- Treadmill
- Elliptical Machines
Last Renovation of Fitness Center Equipment: 2017
Housekeeping & Laundry
- Daily Housekeeping
Added Value
- Wake Up Calls
- Foreign Currency Exchange
- Ice Machine
Hotel Details
120 Dixie Way North
South Bend, Indiana 46637
United States
Check In: 3:00 PM
Check Out: 11:00 AM
Check-in Age: 21
Parking + -
- Complimentary Self Parking Available
Accessibility + -
- Public Entrance
- Guest Rooms
- Lifts
- Public Restrooms
- Registration Desk
- Exercise Facility
- Business Centre
- Pool
- Number of Accessible Meeting Rooms: 1
Accessible Hotel Areas
- Registration Area
- Registration Area
- Accessible Guest Rooms
- Business Centre
- Meeting Room
- Exercise Facility
- Pool
Hotel Areas with Accessible Routes from Accessible Public Entrance
- Accessible Self Parking
- Van Accessible Self Parking
- Ramp Access
- Portable Bathtub Seats
- Closed Caption TVs
- Telephone with TDD
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Guest Rooms
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Public Spaces
Provided by Hotel
Pet Policy + -
- Guide Dogs Allowed
Facility + -
- Number of Floors: 3
- Total Number of Rooms: 85
- Number of Suites: 31
- Number of Non-Smoking Rooms: 85
- Number of Accessible Rooms: 5
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Public Spaces Renovated in: 2017
- Guest Rooms Renovated in: 2015
Credit Cards + -
- American Express
- Visa
- MasterCard
- Diners Club
- Carte Blanche
- Discover


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Authentic. Beautiful.
In our beautiful, historic town that is steeped in New England tradition, you will find a progressive, vibrant community that is bustling with today's latest experiences and activities. Beautiful tree-lined streets, American flags on every downtown lamppost and quaint charm greet every visitor to Worthington and continue to attract families and businesses who call Worthington home. Worthington is located in the center of the state at Ohio's crossroads – the intersection of U.S. State Route 23 and State Route 161 and affords easy access to all parts of Ohio and the nation.


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Urban Decay's Lush Lash System
Hallelujah, dog bless America, holy balls I'm excited!
I'm always bitching about my balding lash lines… I was not blessed in the lash department. Seriously, I have like 2.5 lashies per eyeball, and it sucks.
No matter how much extra chunky mascara I cake onto my eyelashes, I still look like a bald eagle.
I've been ogling those Latisse ads in my beauty mags, but since I assume the product is neither vegan nor cruelty-free, I usually distract myself with thoughts of cupcakes (with extra tall icing and sprinkle-sprankles).
*angels singing*
And then lo and behold, Urban Decay—one of my all time fave beauty brands—grants my birthday wish from '09 by coming out with their Lush Lash System. Yup, they've released a vegan, cruelty-free lash lengthening system that is not only supposed to work wonders (even after only 2 weeks), but it only costs $42 (compared to all the other brands that are in the $100 range), and there are zero funky side effects (like changin' eyeball colors—WTF?).
This double-ended miracle worker holds TWO products in one: a gel serum (with growth peptides) that you apply along your lash line at beddies, and a conditioning mask (also with growth peptides and high potency ingredients like Panthenol and Vitamin E) that you coat your lashies with afterward.
Expected results?
- 25% longer and thicker in 2 weeks
- 40% in 4 weeks
- 63% in 6 weeks
Now, I'm only on day two, but I'm going to keep y'all posted with before and after pics. I hope my lashes get so long I can curl them over my forehead. I am so so so so SOSOSOSOSO excited. Stay tuned, beautiful bitches! ♥
About Sunny (Sunny's Profile)Longtime vegan, hardcore compassionate beauty junkie, serious cake aficionado, and lover of all things floofy and sparkly! If there's something in particular you'd like me to review, drop me a line at email@example.com. You can also find me on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and Google +.
Filed in: Vegan Beauty • vegan makeup
Comments (14)
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Okay, I will be honest, I do not use this every night. But when I used it for less than a week consecutively, I saw growth of lash towards my inner eye, which is the area that is usually the shortest, and in my case, WAS non existent. Yes, it worked for me. I also noticed another row of eyelashes forming so this helps with volume. I never really followed the regimen so I haven't seen full results, but there is results (subtle, but there).
This my first week!!! I really hope it works..imma be very mad if don't!!! The lady at the store hyped it up…sayn she didn't get a bad report from anybody!!! Sooo Yesss gooooo!!!!!
Did this ever work for you? I just purchased some because of the raving reviews friends of mine have given me.
So, I have been using this product for every night since I bought it back in Feb 25. Two words: It sucks. I was using Li-Lash before this product and I have to say… there is absolutely NO comparison. I was looking for a better a product that may be similar to it but.. well… you know… CHEAPER. At $130 Li-Lash is no joke… but I think I learned my lesson, you get what you pay for. Urban Decay's Lash Lush Serum was the biggest waste of my hard earned $44.94 which I paid at Sephora… thank God for their return policy… I'm taking my very disappointed self over there to return it and (since it has been over 30 days) get my credit back for it. Not only did I not see any results with Urban Decay's Lash Lush Serum but my eyelash line actually looks… bare… it looks worse than when I first began using Li-lash. There is no length, no darkening of the lash, no thickness, no… nothing. Ugh. As for the actual wand… as Pooches stated, it too sucks. The wand is fine the first time you pull it out of the container, for the first eye. The second time around however, it is bare and almost dry… no matter how many times you re-insert it to re apply. And… you WILL have to reapply. The brush is also bare… you have to REAAALLYY try to get some of the ""'conditioner""" product in the container, (You know, when you forgot to buy mascara and you keep reinserting the brush wand into the tube like a mad woman? Yea… like that) Overall, I want to rate this a one star out of five, but to be quite honest It doesn't even deserve a one star. Total thumbs down to Urban Decay for this one. 🙁
Hi, Sunny! I'm wondering if you kept using this and if it worked for you. I just saw a friend over the weekend who'd used Latisse, and her eyelashes were insane! Even if I could afford it, all the warnings make me too nervous. If there's a less expensive and less harsh alternative that actually works I'd love to try it!
It actually works my eyelashes grew out alot
its pooches again…its been 7 days, it works i see some of thicking an darkening of the eye lash, both of the gel an conditioner stings my eye.. after the conditioner drys it flakes off an gets in my eye an stings it even more..i see some of my lashes fall off idk if its suppose to get worse before it gets better kind of thing, it doesnt really encourage me or excites me as much…. i was using TALIKA LIPOCILS before trying the urban decay. i really cant compare the both because i havent fully went through with the urban decay system yet…but as of right now i like the TALKA a lot better it didnt sting my eye it was one application not two i really like their wand, no mess easy to wash off.
i'm currently trying this product, from the first application i dont like the gel liner wand that much it doesn't seem to hold any gel in it an doesn't feel like it went on my eye lid. the conditioner wand bristle is too big, it should have been smaller so it can get into all the corners of my upper an lower lashes… the packaging doesnt come with any instructions on how many times i should use it, day or night… hope they improve this in the future.
Hi, thanks for writing about this. I started using this product prob about 2 weeks ago. I'm not positively sure if it's working or not. I like to think that it is because my eyelashes are soooo short and mascara (no matter what kind i tried) irritates my eyes. I wanted to try Latisse but there are way too many warnings on the product, it's waaaay too expensive and has to be repeated too often. I can't wait to hear about your urban decay. haha. that sounds funny. but you know what i mean, your Urban Decay Lush Lash System.
Crap, I JUST bought a new mascara. I bought one from Origins along with their lash builder. If the Urban Decay works out, at least I'll know for next time!
YAY! I'm seriously excited, although I must admit Manic Panic Collection's vegan mascara is pretty awesome itself as well. Yay for the changing world! <3
Super exciting! I can't wait to hear the results! (and yes pics! )
Exciting!!! Must try!
Can't wait to see the before and after!!


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Malloy Martini is a Adult Model from United States. She was born in Birmingham, AL on August 28, 1987. She is listed on FreeOnes since 2008 and is currently ranked 4756th place. She currently has 32 gallery links in her own FreeOnes section.
Our records show that Malloy Martini status is currently unknown which means we are unaware if she is making movies, doing live shows and/or doing photo shoots at this time. If you happen to know what she has been up to let us know.
|Amount of content
|Navigation & Browsing
|Price vs. Quality
|Quality of content
You don't have to look WoW to appreciate Malloy Martin.com - but it would help! Certainly she plays on her 'gaming geek' personality very effectively despite looking every bit the traditional American nude model with her long blonde hair and impressive boobs. Her site treats its members extremely well indeed and there are some excellent videos and galleries as well as plenty of interaction. Pretty good, even if I personally prefer Grand Theft Auto on the gaming front. Visit Malloy Martini


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Historically, most senior leadership teams have focused primarily on doing one or both of these two things: 1) beating the competition, 2) making more money.
But in today's business climate, these may be the wrong places to look for success.
I just read an interview with Larry Page, co-founder of
If you read the media coverage of our company, or of the technology industry in general, it's always about the competition. The stories are written as if they are covering a sporting event. But it's hard to find actual examples of really amazing things that happened solely due to competition. How exciting is it to come to work if the best you can do is trounce some other company that does roughly the same thing? That's why most companies decay slowly over time.
Instead , it's clear that Page is thinking most about 1) how to give people what they need and want, and 2) how to break out of old ways of doing things. And that he believes that if he and Google keep figuring out how to do those two things, they'll make tons of money and not have to worry much about the competition.
Think about some of the most enormously successful CEOs in the world: Jeff Bezos, Meg Whitman, Steve Jobs, Tony Hsieh, Vineet Nayar. Read anything they've said publicly; talk to people who've worked for them. Their focus is the same as Page's: exceeding the customers' expectations and figuring out how to do that in ways no one has done before.
For example, at a management retreat I facilitated about six months ago, one of the guest speakers was Anthony Bay, head of video at Amazon. His talk wasn't about beating Netflix, or about Amazon's market share or how they intended to increase profits. He shared how every decision they make starts and ends with the customer. He said, for instance, that when they were deciding whether or not to do "Amazon Prime," Bezos just kept asking everyone questions like: "How will this serve the customer?" "Will this benefit our customers?" "Will this attract new customers?"
Please understand, I'm not suggesting that these folks don't worry about their companies' financials, or make it their business to understand exactly what their competition is doing - it's simply that these two things are not their main focus.
There are a bunch of reasons why this approach works:
Customers are the best "north star": This may seem obvious, but appealing to customers is the lifeblood of any business. You can't go too far wrong by spending most of your time trying to understand their needs and wants, and figuring out how best to respond to them in a way that provides the highest mutual benefit - that best meets their needs and allows your business to prosper.
Today's world requires more than incremental change. As Page points out in the Wired interview, "It's natural for people to want to work on things that they know aren't going to fail. But incremental improvement is guaranteed to be obsolete over time. Especially in technology, where you know there's going to be non-incremental change." I agree: in this day and age, companies that are content to focus on small improvements will be left behind. Period.
People are engaged by the quest for greatness. I know very few employees who get excited by a bit more EBITDA. Most good employees want to do good work that makes a difference. Giving excellent customer service, doing things no one has done before, finding new solutions to old problems -- companies that do these things are much more likely to attract and retain great people, and to get the best of their thinking and their effort.
Certainly the best leaders I work with, and for whom I have the most respect, think more about the customer than the competition, more about breaking new ground than inching up profits. So why do so many leaders still mono-focus on increasing profit and dominating the competition? What is it that convinces most leaders that this is the true path to success?
I'd love to hear your point of view about this...
Check out Erika Andersen's latest book, Leading So People Will Follow, and discover how to be a followable leader. Booklist called it "a book to read more than once and to consult many times."
Want to know what Erika and her colleagues at Proteus do? Find out here.


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Dec 4 (Reuters) - The Los Angeles Lakers, still trying to find their way this season, will be without Pau Gasol when they try to snap the Houston Rockets' five-game home winning streak on Tuesday.
Gasol, averaging a National Basketball Association career low in points with 12.6 per game, will take a rest on the bench due to tendinitis in both knees, the Lakers said.
Kobe Bryant and the rest of the Lakers (8-9), struggling to meet lofty pre-season expectations, will try to climb back to the .500 mark against the Rockets (8-8) following a 113-103 home loss to Orlando on Sunday.
"It's not rocket science, it's not solving world hunger, you just gotta go out there and do your job," Bryant told reporters on Monday after Los Angeles was outscored 40-26 in the fourth quarter by the Magic.
The Lakers have gone 3-4 under new coach Mike D'Antoni's pick-and-roll system since he took over for the fired Mike Brown and Gasol has not been able to play his usual low-post game.
"He might not be posting up as much as he'd like," said Bryant, leading the NBA with 27.6 points a game. "But he just has to adjust. The reality is I've adjusted. I've never run this many screen and rolls in my entire life, but I've worked on it."
The Lakers have point guard Steve Nash out indefinitely with a small fracture in his right leg, and guard Steve Blake gone for the next six-to-eight weeks with a torn abdominal muscle. (Reporting by Larry Fine in New York; Editing by Frank Pingue)


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How Putin Parried Obama's Overtures on Crimea
Five Years After Russia 'Reset,' Ukraine Crisis Shows Limits of U.S. Approach
LONDON—U.S. officials negotiating with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov over the future of Ukraine were surprised last week after the experienced diplomat excused himself to phone President Vladimir Putin in Moscow.
His making such a call wasn't unusual: Mr. Lavrov often sought instructions from the Kremlin leader. The Americans were stunned, however, when Mr. Lavrov reported that Mr. Putin had refused to take his call.


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My Dear Friends,
Announcing the 25 Follower Giveaway! It finally happened - I got 25 followers! A big THANK YOU to all 25 of my darling followers! I'm so thankful for each and every one of you!
YAY 25 followers=0) Hope I win(*fingers crossed*).
I'm a new follower from Welcome Wednesday and would sincerely appreciate if you'd visit my blog. Follow if you like it: My Tot Travels
You can also find me on Twitter and Facebook
Happy Travels,
Lilli (#72 on the list)
My Tot Travels...
Learning to Parent on the Road of Life (and great tips for traveling with kids)
Hi! I am a new GFC follower from Welcome Wednesday!.
I like you on Facebook - Janet Fri
janetfaye (at) gmail (dot) com
Just found your blog, what a cute giveaway! I travel a lot & love candles in tins :) Enter me please!
bluemartini at hotmail dot com
Hi! I love your blog, and am a follower! Please visit my blog, I scheduled my post about this giveaway for 8pm est. this evening! Hope I win!
I am a new follower...!!!great giveaway...!!!
I'm a follower.
koeyleeyee at hotmail dot com
I am a follower on google reader!
I follow u
sophia.komninou at gmail.com
I am your new follower!
I follow your blog.
lubaska dot k at gmail dot com
following you! :)
Fun giveaway, thanks! I'm following.
I blogged your giveaway at http://lazytcrochet.blogspot.com/
I love your blog! It could be bad for me - all these great deals will probably cause my wallet to shrink, but I am going to follow anyways!
Your blog is adorable! I'm happy to become a follower.
I'm blogging about your giveaway!
hi,I would love to participate in this giveaway,I'm your follower through Google Friend Connect..
i post about your giveaway here http://pintaliztiirene.blogspot.com/2010/06/june-giveaways.html
email me :)
thankies for helding this giveaway
I'm following. Thanks for the giveaway. mybabyappleseed(at)yahoo(dot)ca
Following, blogging and facebooking!
Thanks! I'm a follower. joleehamlin at comcast dot net
I became a follower of your blog because LizzieK8 referred to your contest in her blog!!
I'm a new follower!
I am a new follower!
Great blog! New follower here! and I posted!
Is this still open? Anyway, I am a new follower just in case.
AllMyCrazyCats @ aol.com


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Signing new older players from other clubs for the purpose of improving our teams. In my opinion this weakens the purpose of La Masia because the older teams are no longer made up of players solely brought up in La Masia from a young age. The individual signed might indeed be a good player but the product loses it's intended purpose because there is now a 'cog' that is in there not part of the original machine.
People at this point may bring up Dani Alves as an example of
Originally Posted by Sumlit
Day 507 of the Mathieu Adventure Experience.
Morning of December 12th of the year of our Lord, 2015. Green fields of the New Camp of Barcelona, independent territory of Catalonia
Dear Diary:
Forgive me for extended absence, but recent events have required me to lay low and practice the utmost secrecy. Last I left you, I was in hiding following that unfortunate situation against those White and Red devils of Sevilla lead by that vile slick-haired Satan,
Originally Posted by Sumlit
Dear Diary:
-Day 391 of the Mathieu Adventure Experience: Today was not a good day, we suffered all over the green fields and succumbed to many skirmishes from those aggressive denizens of the Celtics of Vigo. They came time and time again in murderous waves and our lanky pasty legs could not cope with their rampant zeal. Let us hope day 392 brings better fortune in our adventures.
PS: My cigarettes are running out. Dark days ahead.
Originally Posted by Sumlit
Day 433 of the Mathieu Adventure Experience.
Tuesday the 29th of September in the year of our Lord, 2015. Outskirts of Barcelona, independent territory of Catalunya.
Dear Diary:
Today was a most horrific day. Perhaps the worst day I have ever encountered on this adventurous safari I denominate simply, "My Experience." Our day began in low spirits, owing to the fact we lost our most glorious and mythical leader to that nefarious and treacherous
Originally Posted by Sumlit
Day 437 of the Mathieu Adventure Experience
Morning, 3rd of October in the year of our Lord 2015. In hiding somewhere in the Andalusian territory of Sevilla.
Dear Diary:
I write this entry in complete despair. I have gone into exile. I cannot write more details at this moment as I am on the run, lest this diary fall into the wrong hands and my whereabouts are thus discovered. I must go now, I hear the lynch mob and hounds coming....
Test blog. Comments are invisible, need to change the background.


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Conical Bent Long Reach Optimised for thermal performance 0.4mm x 15.5mm (.016" x .61")
Featuers and Benefits:
The SxV Tips are for use with the soldering tip hand-piece of the PS and MFR Platforms. They are recommended for heavy duty applications. The second digit denotes substrate material (damage tolerance). T = Temperature Sensitive.


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Cisco Aironet 3702e Controller-based - Wireless access point - 802.11a/b/g/n/ac - Dual Band (AIR-CAP3702E-A-K9)Item#:� JIO-300639499 �|�Model#:�AIR-CAP3702E-A-K9
- Price:
- $1,570.99
- Shipping:
- Currently out of Stock (Details)
Cisco Aironet 3702e Controller-based - wireless Product Details
In its first implementation, 802.11ac wave 1 provides a rate of up to 1.3 Gbps, roughly triple the rates offered by today's high-end 802.11n access points. This provides the necessary foundation for enterprise and service provider networks alike to stay ahead of the performance and bandwidth expectations and needs of their wireless users.
Due to its convenience, wireless access is increasingly the preferred form of network connectivity for corporate users. Along with this shift, there is an expectation that wireless should not slow down users' day-to-day work, but should enable a high-performance experience while allowing users to move freely around the corporate environment.
Device Type: Wireless access point
Ruggedized Design: Indoor
Width: 8.7 in
Depth: 8.7 in
Height: 2.1 in
Weight: 2.49 lbs
Localization: Argentina, Colombia, Canada, Chile, Puerto Rico, Bolivia, Uruguay, Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Philippines, United States
Processor / Memory / Storage
Flash Memory: 64 MB
Form Factor: External
Connectivity Technology: Wireless
Data Transfer Rate: 1.3 Gbps
Line Coding Format: CCK
Data Link Protocol: IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac
Frequency Band: 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz
Status Indicators: Status
Features: Auto-sensing per device, Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) support, CleanAir technology, Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC), 4T4R MIMO technology, ClientLink 3.0 technology
Encryption Algorithm: AES, TLS, PEAP, TTLS, TKIP, WPA, WPA2
Authentication Method: MS-CHAP v.2, Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), EAP-FAST
Compliant Standards: IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.3af, IEEE 802.11d, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.1x, IEEE 802.11i, IEEE 802.11h, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.3at, IEEE 802.11ac (draft 5.0)
Expansion / Connectivity
Interfaces: 1 x 1000Base-T - RJ-45 � 1 x management - RJ-45 � 4 x antenna - RP-TNC
Compliant Standards: VCCI, ICES-003, EN 300.328, EN 301.489.1, EN 301.489.17, FCC Part 15.247, OET 65 C, RSS-210, RSS-102, EMC, UL 2043, UL 60950-1, IEC 60950-1, EN 60950-1, FCC Part 15.107, FCC Part 15.109, EN 301.893, FCC Part 15.407, EN 60601-1-2, ARIB STD-T66, ARIB STD-T71, EN50155, CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1, EMI, Directive 93/42/EEC
Power Over Ethernet (PoE) Supported: PoE+
Manufacturer Warranty
Service & Support: Limited warranty - lifetime
Environmental Parameters
Min Operating Temperature: -4 �F
Max Operating Temperature: 122 �F
Humidity Range Operating: 10 - 90% (non-condensing)
Additional Resources: Product Manuals
Manufactured by: Cisco
Warranty provided by: Cisco
UPC No: 882658610691
Mfg Part No: AIR-CAP3702E-A-K9
Box Size:
( Length:10, Width:10, Depth:3)
Shipping Weight: 3.7500 pound(s)
Click here for full warranty and support information
- Cisco logos are registered trademarks of Cisco. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


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Emergency Service
No one can predict when a water line will break or an electrical fire may occur. Call us now if you need emergency restoration.
Rapid Response
Our rapid response team is ready and able to meet you anytime or anywhere. We are ready to be at your side.
Our damage restoration specialist are highly trained in fire, water, and storm clean ups. One call to us will put your mind as ease.
We offer turn key restoration and remodeling. Our remodeling team is here to put your property back to its pre-loss condition.
Dayton Restoration Services
Chances are your home is the most important asset you have, whether it be financial, sentimental or both. At Dayton Restoration Service we understand that when an unforeseen incident occurs, you may not know who to turn to. We are local Dayton company offering fire, water and storm clean up and restoration services available 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. We also offer mold remediation as well as full remodeling services to get your home safely back to its pre-loss condition.
Over the years, we have provided high quality service to a broad range of clientele including home owners, commercial properties and insurance companies. The diversity that Dayton Restoration Service has, is testimony to our commitment to all clientele, be it large or small. Our team of restoration experts provide guidance, produce quality work all the while keeping your budget in mind and always strive to maintain the highest level of customer service and cleanliness.
With a Dayton location near you, we are ready to serve your needs and we are proud to say we are an A-rated company with the better business bureau. We work hard to keep our outstanding reputation and will work diligently to ensure you are 100% happy and overly satisfied with our communication and performance.
Recovering from any disaster, whether it be from a flood, fire or natural disaster, can be tough financially, physically as well as emotionally. We are here to help and guide you during every step of the recovery process. Their are numerous programs available to help you and the red cross provides some helpful information about the financial recovery process.
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Storm Damage Restoration
Whether its a Hurricane, Tornado, Storm or Flood, our catastrophic disaster recovery team is on the ready to provide help for your home or business.


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5 Ways To Save Money Shopping For Gifts in 2014
So the holiday is almost upon us and no one… well perhaps those priests in the movies that walk up and down the road whipping themselves do… but no one… I repeat no one else enjoys the massive crowds and mad dashes to get stuff cheap before it is all bought up.
So what do you do to save money? Some of you give up and just buy stuff without looking. Some search endlessly through all the circulars and some stand in lines for hours waiting for doors to open on Black Friday.
The truth of the matter is no matter what you will end up paying more than you want to this year, just like you did last year, and the year before. The only question that remains is how much more and what do you have to show for it?


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UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. -- Informational materials are now available for any Penn State faculty members interested in learning more about the State Patty's Day drinking holiday, set for March 1.
Since 2007, the student-organized event has brought destructive alcohol usage, vandalism and traffic congestion to the campus and downtown State College. Multiple steps are being taken to combat the drinking holiday by the town-gown State Patty's Day Task Force.
Careen Yarnal, a member of the task force, has created a set of brief PowerPoint slides that can be used to stimulate classroom discussion about State Patty's Day, highlight alternative activities and inform about task force's efforts.
"This is an opportunity to have a dialog with students about choices and values," Yarnal said. "The toll on the community from this event is enormous both economically and socially, yet students have the power to bring it to a grinding halt -- now."
To obtain the PowerPoint slides, contact Yarnal, an associate professor in recreation, park and tourism management, at 814-863-5559 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
For more information on the task force's response to State Patty's Day, go to http://news.psu.edu/tag/state-pattys-day-0.
Student Affairs Research and Assessment's most recent survey of student alcohol trends can be found at http://studentaffairs.psu.edu/assessment/pdf/174.pdf.


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Vintage Industrial Lighting, Fixtures and Accessories. Rare Original Industrial and Maritime Lighting and Handmade Original Lighting Design.
Commercial and residential large and small scale installations. Bespoke, custom built pendant lights, wall lights, floor lighting and fixtures made in our workshops.
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Vintage Bronx Neon Sign
Dimensions - 1840mm high x 3700mm wide
Weight - 24kg
Price per unit - £11,000.00 + VAT
1 in Stock


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Using on-line volcano monitoring data in college and university courses:
The Volcano Exploration Project: Puʻu ʻŌʻō (VEPP)
July 26-30, 2010
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, HI
- Back Row (left to right): Kim West, Wendy Bohrson, Jascha Polet, Martha House, Brian Hausback, Jenny Thomson, Robert "Z" Zierenberg, Reid Townson, Geoff Cook, David Moecher, Karen Harpp, Dennis Geist, and Andrew Greene
- Middle Row: Jenn Wenner, Mike Johnson, Lyn Gualtieri, Juk Bhattacharyya, Rick Dunning, Karen Kortz, Eric Christiansen, and Lizzette Rodriguez
- Front Row: Brian Scheidt, Rosemary Donaldson, Brittany Brand, Eliza Richardson, Susan Schwartz, Kaatje Kraft, Rachel Teasdale, Judy McIlrath, and Mike Poland
Workshop Description
The Pu`u `O`o eruptive vent on the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, has been active almost continuously since 1983 and offers an excellent opportunity to demonstrate the dynamic nature of Earth Science. With support and funding from the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the eruptive vent has been instrumented with a variety of sensors, including GPS, tiltmeters, seismometers, cameras, and even a continuously operating gravimeter. Data from these sensors, as well as GPS campaigns conducted every few months, are available on-line for use in college and university courses via the Volcanoes Exploration Project: Pu`u `O`o (VEPP) Web site.
Our goal is to develop curriculum for a variety of course types (from large lecture courses for non-majors to graduate-level seminars) that utilizes the resources provided via the VEPP Web site. We invite applications from college and university Earth Science instructors to take part in a week-long workshop to be held at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, on the Big Island of Hawaii, in July 2010 . The workshop will include discussions about the data and monitoring methods used on the website, best practices for the classroom, breakout sessions for curriculum development, field excursions, a tour of HVO (founded in 1912), and interactions with HVO volcanologists.
- Michael Poland, USGS - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (email@example.com)
- Rachel Teasdale, California State University, Chico (firstname.lastname@example.com)
- Kaatje Kraft, Mesa Community College, Mesa, AZ (firstname.lastname@example.com)