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Saturday, November 12, 2011
Nathan Brown: Using Secondary Sources
During the research process it is inevitable that you will encounter secondary sources and information. If you don't pay attention you might not even realize when you are using them.
Secondary sources are resources that were not created at the time the original event occurred. These can include published genealogies, transcriptions and family oral history among others. There are many different kinds of secondary sources.
Secondary sources can act as a guide to help your research proceed in the right direction. They need to be supported, however, by primary sources that will confirm your findings. Secondary sources also need to be verified to prove they are accurate. Secondary sources, as in the case of published genealogies, that do not cite sources may not be accurate and can possibly lead you in the wrong direction.
Some of the secondary sources that I used while researching the Nathan Brown case include:
To learn about the Brown family I used the book Vital Records of Swansea, Massachusetts to 1850 transcribed by Peter Rounds. Mr. Rounds was not the Town Clerk present at the time that the records were originally recorded. He was a 20th century researcher who published a transcript of the original records. Errors could have been introduced at the time of transcription. Using transcriptions, particularly for vital records, is not usually a problem because of access to the original records. Many original records have been microfilmed so that you can check them. In New England, you can also visit town halls and check the original records in person. Whenever there is a question about the accuracy of a transcription, the original should be consulted.
When you search on Ancestry.com to find images of original documents you are using an index disguised as a search function. The index results are considered secondary sources because they are created by someone who was not at the original event. The transcriber who created the index is one level removed from the original documents and could introduce errors into the index. If you search on Ancestry.com and obtain results from the index but don't actually click through to view the original document image then you are using a secondary source. Only when you view the image of the original can you say you have consulted the primary source.
In the case of Nathan Brown, I used indexes on Ancestry.com to search US Federal Census records. When I scanned a page of Brown families living in Charlton, Massachusetts, I was viewing secondary sources. The same is true when I used the used the Worcester County Probate Records Index to identify possible family members for Nathan Brown. My analysis of the secondary source information then helped me target which original records I should view as my primary sources.
The Barbour Collection used either at the Connecticut State Library or on Ancestry.com are both secondary sources. The Barbour Collection, a state-wide compilation of vital records, was created from viewing the original town records. The Barbour Collection on Ancestry.com is one step even further removed from the original source because it is a transcription of the Barbour Collection index and not taken directly from the town records. Is the information incorrect? No, not necessarily but the further removed you are from the original the more importance there is in verifying the original source and the more likely there could be errors.
Published Genealogies
The most troublesome secondary sources are the published genealogies. They are so tempting to take at face value and incorporate into your family history research. The best rule of thumb is the older the publication is the more suspect it is. Another item to look at with published genealogies is the citations. Are there citations for each fact, each paragraph or simply each biographical entry? Perhaps there are no citations but simply a bibliography at the end. The fewer the citations the more likely you will need to verify everything you read pertaining to your research. Some genealogies are published in peer reviewed journals such as the National Genealogical Society Quarterly and the New England Historic and Genealogical Register. Genealogies published in well-respected, peer reviewed journals are more trust worthy than other published works and you will likely find they include detailed citations.
The published genealogies that I used when researching the Nathan Brown case included:
Boyer, Carl 3rd. New England Colonial Families Vol. 1, Brown Families of Bristol Counties, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, From the Immigrants to the Early Nineteenth Century. Newhall, California: Carl Boyer, 3rd, 1981.
Browne, William Bradford "Chad Brown and His Descendants", New England Historic and Genealogical Register, Vol. 80 (1926), 73-80, 175-176.
White, Dorothy Higson. Descendants of Roger Williams, Book III, The Sayles Line Through his Daughter Mary Williams. East Greenwich, RI: Roger Williams Family Association, 1991.
In the next post in this series I will specifically look at an example from one of these publications and analyze the accuracy of the information.
If you missed the live version of the webinar, you can see it now in the Legacy Family Tree archives. It will be available until November 14, 2011 to view (for free) at your leisure.
7 comments:
- AnonymousNovember 12, 2011 at 4:58 PM
Marian, thank you for this. It's a useful learning tool for novice researchers, and perhaps a reminder for other not-novices.ReplyDelete
How did you find the Roger Williams' in terms of searching for Browns and Millers?ReplyDelete
I'm glad you asked that. The Roger Williams thing was out of the scope of my project. However, I found a reference note to it in the NEHGR article when searching for Browns. That lead me to check the Descedants of Roger Williams book. I mentioned to Geoff after the webinar that that information is not verified and he will have to do that himself. Though I was willing to mention the note (which was quoated directly in the webinar) because it came from a peer reviewed journal.
Of course, I just answered your question as if you had watched the webinar. But now that I think of it you probably didn't because you would have figured that all out already. If you watch the webinar (it's up there for one more day) it will make more sense.ReplyDelete
I was asking because I indexed the Roger Williams books for my book and was hoping you used my index. I also indexed NECF and the NEHGR, but you didn't.ReplyDelete
Martin, you'll be happy to know that I do have a copy of your book. As I was focusing on 1790-1815 I didn't think I would really be needing it. Otherwise I would have reached for it for sure.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 16, 2011 at 9:52 AM
Small correction. ;)ReplyDelete
Other fields (and genealogy itself years ago) refer to sources as primary and secondary. However, in genealogy, we refer to sources as original or derivative. What you describe as secondary sources are "derivative" sources.
Every source contains multiple pieces of information. It is the information that can be either primary (eyewitness) or secondary (transmitted). Some records contain both primary and secondary information, which is why we can no longer identify a source by these terms. Think of a death certificate that contains both birth and death information, where the informant is the decedent's spouse or child. The death information may likely be primary, but it is highly unlikely that a person's spouse (or child!) was present to witness the decedent's birth. Therefore the information on the death certificate about his birth would be considered secondary.


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subset: commoncrawl


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I've got an COM-server and activeX client (looks like delphi app), that display some geodata. Data stores in files with .rdb and .mpr extensions.
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COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. — Wear a Buddha. Wear the Star of David. Wear an atheist evolve fish, even if religious students take offense. Just don't wear a rosary while attending Mann Middle School.
Administrators of the school, in a city of 410,000 that's often referred to as the "Evangelical Vatican," have banned wearing the rosary unless it's tucked under a shirt. While imposing the policy, administrators have clarified that students may wear any other religious items in a visible manner. They have created confusion about their rationale, telling the media it relates to gang activity and telling parents that it has to do with sensitivity to Catholics who may find wearing of rosary beads offensive. First Amendment lawyers say the case is bizarre, placing the school in danger of losing a potential lawsuit.
The school in Colorado Springs is the second in two months to find itself embroiled in a rosary conflict, as federal judges ruled in September against a rosary ban in upstate New York. Lawyers say they expect more schools to grapple with rosary conflicts as gangs increasingly co-opt the beads as a symbol of unity.
The Colorado Springs ban, imposed in October, has stirred a national debate about the right of a public school to forbid one form of religious expression while allowing all others. The American Center for Law and Justice, an organization that protects religious expression, threatened a lawsuit, and the American Civil Liberties Union told the school it is in violation of the First Amendment.
It has also renewed an old controversy among Catholics, who disagree as to whether it's permissible to wear rosary beads around the neck.
ACLU Support
Conflict began Sept. 30, a Thursday, when Mann Middle School's principal, Scott Spanek, took to the school PA system to announce a new policy regarding the wearing of religious items. That's where the story gets fuzzy.
Cainan Gostnell, a 13-year-old at Mann, heard the announcement and later told his parents the principal had forbidden the wearing of religious items — including his cross necklace. His parents complained, and soon the boy found himself represented by the American Center for Law and Justice in Washington.
School officials sent a written statement home to parents that clarified the policy, dated the Monday after the announcement. The cross was safe, according to the written statement, because the policy would ban the visible wearing of rosaries only. School District 11 spokeswoman Elaine Naleski insists the written statement is what Spanek said over the PA system. It states:
"Students, we need to remind everyone that here at Mann we respect all religious beliefs. Some members of the Catholic faith are offended by rosaries being worn around the neck like fashion accessories. If you wish to wear a rosary around your neck, it must, out of respect for others, be worn underneath your shirt. Failure to honor this request will be treated as a dress code violation."
Media reports about the ban on wearing visible rosaries brought forth a statement from the ACLU, strongly condemning the policy. Mark Silverstein, legal director for the ACLU in Colorado, wrote: "The First Amendment protects the right of students to express their faith by wearing crosses, rosaries or other religious symbols without interference from school officials."
Media inquiries to the Diocese of Colorado Springs raised another issue when the diocesan vicar general, Msgr. Robert Jaeger, said rosaries are not intended to be worn as jewelry. The diocese said it "does not oppose" a decision by public schools to ban visible wearing of rosaries.
Print publications and talk radio misrepresented the statement as an authoritative pronouncement that rosaries are not to be worn at all. Msgr. Jaeger clarified that rosaries may be worn with reverence, but should not be treated as cosmetic jewelry.
After the school's banning of visible rosaries resulted in criticism, school officials told a religion reporter for the Colorado Springs Gazette they forbid the practice only because rosaries have become gang symbols.
"They're in trouble on this," said David Kopel, a Denver University professor of constitutional law, speaking to the Register. "If they are doing this because wearing the rosary may offend some Catholics, as they say in a written statement, they are going to get sued and they are going to lose."
If it's because they worry about gang symbols, Kopel said, the school remains on shaky ground, but could potentially prevail under the right circumstances.
Reverent Use
UCLA law professor Eugene Volokh, a former law clerk for former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor and an authority on First Amendment law, concurs with Kopel. Volokh said to ban visible rosaries because some might find them offensive represents a clear violation of the First Amendment, in absence of a dress code that forbids all jewelry and accessories. To ban visible rosaries as a safety concern, Volokh said the school would have to prove a "substantial risk of disruption," meaning they would need strong evidence of violence inspired by the wearing of rosaries.
"I don't have information as to whether there has been a problem with violence in the past," said school spokeswoman Naleski.
Volokh said that the conflicting rationale for the ban of visible rosaries weakens the school's position even more.
"The fact they've changed the story doesn't make the original or the new one terribly credible," Volokh said.
Ed White, senior counsel for the ACLJ, said his organization has backed off its threat to file suit on behalf of Gostnell. But that's only because Gostnell doesn't want to wear a rosary. He wants to wear a cross, and school administrators have given the student and the ACLJ written assurance that he may do so.
White said he would be eager to bring a case in defense of any student who desires to wear the rosary at Mann and cannot do so because of the policy. He said the school is is likely to lose in court, whether the true concern is gangs or concerns about offending Catholics who don't want the rosary worn around the neck. He suspects school officials will lose because the ACLJ won a case just like it in September, after a school in Schenectady, N.Y., banned wearing the rosary because gang members wear it. The ACLJ filed suit on behalf of student Raymond Hosier, and a federal court ordered the school to permit him to wear the rosary in plain view. In response, Schenectady school officials amended their policy.
"It's our view that this discriminatory policy violated our client's constitutionally protected rights of free speech and free exercise of religion," said Jay Sekulow, chief counsel of the ACLJ, in a Sept. 2 press release.
White, a devout Catholic, said he wore a scapular knotted with rosary decades after a cloistered nun made it for him. He also mentioned that nuns of the Dominican Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist, who teach at the Catholic school his children attend in Ann Arbor, Mich., wear the rosary around their waists.
"A lot of Hispanic major league baseball players wear the rosary as a symbol of their faith," White said. "There is nothing irreverent about a Catholic wearing the rosary as a sign of faith."
Msgr. Ricardo Coronado-Arrascue, diocesan judicial vicar in Colorado Springs, concurred in comments to Catholic News Service that it's correct that rosaries may be worn visibly with reverence. He said gangs, which have misappropriated the rosary, have used it as an affront to Catholicism.
"To belong to a gang is against Catholic teaching because it involves violent confrontation," Msgr. Coronado-Arrascue said.
Jimmy Akin, apologist for Catholic Answers in San Diego and a blogger at NCRegister.com, said in the past that wearing the rosary is "a matter of Christian liberty."
White said even if the Church had a rule against wearing rosary beads, and even if it offended faithful Catholics, it would have no bearing on a public school's inability to forbid one type of religious expression.
"If a kid shows up in Colorado wearing an Oakland Raiders shirt to school, he will be sure to offend a lot of students who are Denver Broncos fans," White said. "The First Amendment protects offensive expression. Wearing a rosary, in reverence, should not offend Catholics. But even if it does, the school has no authority to do this."
Wayne Laugesen writes from Colorado Springs, Colorado.


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it's almost oveeeeeeerrrr!
by, 12th May 2010 at 12:31 AM (4030 Views)
my student teaching ends this week, praise the lord. allah. whatever.
glad it's over, will miss the kids but honestly i've missed "me" time and sleeping in a lot more. and half the time i've wanted to choke them for not paying attention.
very briefly, things as of late:
- grandma ended up in and out of hospital again
- crazy bitches are crazy (and need to stop projecting my life)
- going to china with omega soon
- my room is slowly accumulating a huge mess and needs cleaning
i can't wait to take a long vacation, especially with my guy.


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History holds key to future energy policy, says report
Policymakers should look to history to learn how best to tackle the challenges of a low carbon economy, says a new report co-authored by University of Sussex energy analyst Professor Jim Watson.
The report, UK Energy Policy 1980 – 2010: A history and lessons to be learnt, published today (Weds 25 January 2012), considers whether current policies are far-reaching enough for the UK to meet its carbon budgets and build a low carbon economy.
The report, commissioned by the Parliamentary Group for Energy Studies (PGES) and written by leading energy analysts Professor Watson (Director of the Sussex Energy Group at the University of Sussex and Professor Peter Pearson (Director of the Low Carbon Research Institute of Wales, Cardiff University), looks at how past lessons can inform current and future policy.
The report emphasises the need for concerted effort involving government and the public in the drive to an 80 per cent cut in carbon emissions in the UK by 2050.
Starting with the privatisation of the energy market in the 1980s, the authors note how energy issues were increasingly left to market forces and the role of energy in Whitehall and Parliament diminished as it became a small part of one government department.
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Professor Watson says: "Markets and competition are important – and our history shows some of the hazards of excessive planning and state control, such as the 'over prediction' for nuclear power in the 1980s. We emphasise the need to combine top-down targets and policies with incentives for bottom-up action to meet these targets – including by communities, local authorities and households.
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Professor Pearson says: "The debate should not be about more or less intervention, but about the kinds of intervention required to meet these goals in a flexible, sustainable and legitimate way.
"It is clear from our history that the UK has been moving away from a pure 'text book' model of liberalised energy markets since their creation in the 1980s. Our history illustrates how liberalisation is a process rather than an event, which has been shaped in different ways by the policies of successive governments and the factors that influence them."
PGES Chair, Iain Liddell-Grainger MP said: "This report is an invaluable contribution to the work of the Group and will be eagerly read by policy makers, academics and engineers wishing to understand the relationship between politics and energy. "
IET Energy Policy Panel chair Professor Simon Harrison says: "The report shows clearly how challenging it is to formulate good energy policy. Long construction lead times mean that it is easy for good decisions to be overtaken by events before they have had an impact. Policymakers need to value the lessons identified in responding to the even more complex circumstances of our own time."
Notes to Editors:
- For details see the full report online
- Interviews with both authors are available and can be arranged via the IET Press Office (see contact details below).
- The Parliamentary Group for Energy Studies is marking the 30th anniversary of its establishment.
- The Institution of Engineering and Technology is Europe's largest professional body of engineers and is a source of essential engineering intelligence.
- The Sussex Energy Group undertakes academically rigorous, inter-disciplinary research that engages with policy-makers and practitioners. The aim of its research is to identify ways of achieving the transition to sustainable, low carbon energy systems while addressing other important policy objectives such as energy security. It has funding from a diverse array of sources. It is core partner in the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and part of the UK Energy Research Centre.
- SEG's director is Professor Jim Watson, who contributed recently to the Infrastructure Transitions Research Consortium's multi-institutional report on the UK's ageing infrastructure system for energy, water, waste, ICT and transport systems. See the ITRC press release for full details.
Media enquiries to:
Robert Beahan, IET Media Relations Manager
Tel: +44 (0)1438 767336
Mob: +44 (0)7595 400912
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
University of Sussex Press office contacts: Maggie Clune and Jacqui Bealing. Tel: 01273 678 888. Email: email@example.com
View press releases


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actually reading data?
Bush crossed over after three years, not eight and tanked way before that. Obama hasn't crossed over yet. Wishful thinking on your part, but it just doesn't hold water at this time.
If I take your definition of tanked, then Bush accomplished that by Sept'01 with an approval rating of that went down from over 60% at the start:
53% approve
40% disapprove
Remember, Obama started from over 60% and now in December it is
50% approve
44.5% disapprove
Of course, let's not mention...
When Bush was elected for his second term, his approval rating at the time of the election was:
40% approve
58% disapprove
So what is your point here?
That approval ratings go down for newly elected presidents in the first year?
Approval ratings mean nothing to the reelection of an incumbent?
Dutch likes to pull partial data and reinvent history to match his gut. Talk about Al Gore. 8 years....


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Bruno Sroka (FRA, Cabrinha) and Steph Bridge (GBR, North) have taken the lead in the course racing grand slam in Portimao, Portugal. Three races were completed in light wind conditions around 10-15 knots.
35 riders from all over the world enjoyed the first day of the event in nice and warm conditions.
In the freestyle invitational competition, the first half of the first round robin round has been completed for men and women, so it is too early to announce any results. In a round robin competition, each rider is competing against each other in his group, and the quarterfinals are drawn through this procedure.
Competition continues tomorrow with the skippersmeeting at 13:00 and a fist possible start at 13:30.


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your name
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Macadamia & cranberry American cookies
Nutrition and extra info
- Freezable
- kcal149
- fat8g
- saturates4g
- carbs18g
- sugars13g
- fibre0g
- protein2g
- salt0.14g
- 3 x 200g/7oz white chocolate bars, chopped
White chocolatewhy-t chok-lit
To purists, this is not chocolate because it is made only from the fat or butter of the cacao…
- 200g butter
Butter is made when lactic-acid producing bacteria are added to cream and churned to make an…
- 2 eggs
The ultimate convenience food, eggs are powerhouses of nutrition, packed with protein and a…
- 100g light muscovado sugar
- 175g golden caster sugar
- 2 tsp vanilla extract
- 350g plain flour
- 2 tsp baking powder
Baking powderbay-king pow-dah
Baking powder is a raising agent that is commonly used in cake-making. It is made from an alkali…
- 1 tsp cinnamon
A fragrant spice which comes from the inner bark of a tropical tree. When dried, it curls into…
- 100g dried cranberry
A tart, ruby-red coloured berry which grows wild on shrubs throughout northern Europe and North…
- 100g macadamia nut, chopped
Heat oven to 180C/160C fan/gas 4. Melt 170g of the chocolate, then allow to cool. Beat in the butter, eggs, sugars and vanilla, preferably with an electric hand whisk, until creamy. Stir in the flour, baking powder, cinnamon and cranberries with two-thirds of the remaining chocolate and macadamias, to make a stiff dough.
Using a tablespoon measure or a small ice-cream scoop, drop small mounds onto a large baking dish, spacing them well apart, then poke in the reserved chocolate, nuts and berries. Bake in batches for 12 mins until pale golden, leave to harden for 1-2 mins, then cool on a wire rack.
To freeze, open-freeze the raw cookie dough scoops on baking trays; when solid, pack them into a freezer container, interleaving the layers with baking parchment. Use within 3 months. Bake from frozen for 15-20 mins.
Recipe Tip
Hazelnut & raisin cookiesMake as above, with 280g flour, replacing the white chocolate for dark chocolate and the macadamias and cranberries for hazelnuts and raisins. Pour boiling water over the raisins and allow them to plump up a little, then dry thoroughly - this stops them being too hard and catching in the oven.


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Onions are a great pick for the home gardener.They grow well in most parts of the U.S. and have many uses in the kitchen.You can grow them specifically for green onions or you can let them mature and harvest them for their large bulbs. You can also choose to grow onions and use a few early as green onions, harvesting the remainder as delicious bulb onions.
There are also special kinds of onions that don't develop bulbs and that are used exclusively for green onions. Onions are a popular cool season vegetable and although they are considered a biennial plant they are grown as annuals.
The onion is exceptional in that it will thrive under a very wide range of climatic and soil conditions.There is perhaps no extended area in the United States, except for the mountainous regions, where the onion cannot be successfully grown.However, onions grow best in temperate climates without great extremes of heat and cold.
Onions grow in an unusual manner.They start growing the large bulbs we know as onions when the levels of daylight reach an appropriate level for them to start forming.The time that you plant the onions affects when they form bulbs.If you plant your onions too late in the season, they may not form bulbs properly.
One important thing to remember about onions is that there are two different classes:long-day and short-day onions. Long-day onions are more appropriate for northern states because they are adapted to longer days.Southern states should use short-day varieties of onions. When you go to your nursery, they will usually list long-day onions as L and short-day onions as S.Short day onions develop bulbs with an average of about 12 hours of daylight.Long-day onions form bulbs with more sun, around 15-16 hours of daylight.You should grow the kind of onion appropriate for your region to ensure proper maturation of the onion bulbs. Keep reading for more information about long-day and short-day onions.


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Opinion: The GM Losses
Assistant editorial page editor James Freeman on the sale of the government's stake in General Motors. Photos: Getty Images
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... welcome back to Opinion Journal Live on Jason Riley in joining me next is assistant editorial page editor James Freeman ... to talk about the government decision to sell the rest of its stake in General Motors welcome James tasters ... so what exactly is Uncle Sam planning to do here and more portly isn't a good deal for taxpayers ... it's a big loss for taxpayers are you never know of where the stock is can a go of over the next the told the fifteen months which is the period where the government does going be selling back its stake to the company ... the ... the problem is based on the the first of these transactions of loading a portion for about five and half billion ... what that means is that ... it's looking like a taxpayer loss of more than ten billion dollars on the General Motors investment ... and yet you don't know where the stock goes over the next year a half but the events were low target ... so I believe they receive caramel Rosenthal received about fifty billion dollars in the regional bailout on one of the Mamaw one around during election campaign ... bragging that he saved the auto industry of course TARP started under ... his predecessor Mr President Bush era but ALM he ran on that team successfully and a number of of Midwestern states Ohio Michigan Pennsylvania ... and so forth should treasure it held out for a better deal or whatever it is amazing that this is seen as the great success story of this bailout era of it so ... it hasn't ... sold certainly the city of Detroit's problems easy and very high unemployment there ... a vacant lots I equal to the acreage of the city of Paris in a just and just really a devastated economy of ... it obviously is we're seeing is not a good deal for taxpayers ... he even if you want good jobs in the automotive industry are growing now and a course we've seen all the disasters in the alternative energy vehicles space so ... hard to see how this is a successful policy will rebuild executives want this because government ownership limit executive pay ... but also I've been reading about how this limited access to private jets James and that is in the morning thinking that a stock for the incoming India looking at it I mean the thinking ... also I mean I'm sure they're tired of people refer to them are reasonably ... concerned ... as Government Motors so I mean it's reasonable to tell them Government Motors that I can even after they they sell it back to there is still going to be the fact that they were ... rescued by the government in the pic great cost to taxpayers ... so ... it's back to more basic question about the necessity of TARP and whether it should be judged a success ... twenty think well it's a difficult thing when people talk about TARP accounting aam where they say ... ok government lost money on the auto bailout it's going to lose money on the ... bailouts of spill on a smaller banks ... aam but it's given it made money on the bailouts of big banks essentially ended but this is ... this is really a ... it's a ... it's an incomplete accounting because one thing that our babies get the government ... party was part of a large intervention in the economy had lots of consequences including political consequences than I would ... I would say ... the spending consequences would be on TARP so ... I think it's ... a ... it's a questionable to say that the program is making money but there's no doubt in the in this intervention ... taxpayers are losing money ... and then of course of the whole moral hazard concern and future behavior means some ... of these companies if they know it our is waiting for them down the road so you have to thank you James ...


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BALTIMORE – Following a weekend off from competition, the UMBC cross country program heads to upstate New York for the 2013 America East Championships, Saturday, Nov. 2 at Binghamton University. The women's 5k race is set to kick-off at 11:00 a.m. with the men's 8k race scheduled to begin at 12:00 p.m.
The men's team returns to Vestal looking to build upon their team title from the America East Pre-Conference Meet, held on the same course, back in early September. The Retrievers will try to overcome 2012 champion Stony Brook and earn their first conference title since 2005 when they took home the trophy with a first-place team finish also at Binghamton.
Junior Eric Schuler (Columbia, Md./Reservoir) paced the field back in the first race of the year, completing the course with the second-fastest time in its history (25:33.1), and went on to be named the conference Performer of the Week.
Sophomores Redatu Semeon (Waldorf, Md./Thomas Stone) and Hassan Omar (Frederick, Md./Thomas Johnson) finished in second and fourth that day to jump start their successful second seasons. Since, Semeon has gone on to score at the Navy Invitational (Sept. 14) and then led the Retrievers across the line at the Paul Short Run with a career-best 8k time of 25:02. Omar, meanwhile, has scored in each of UMBC's four meets in 2013, leading the Retrievers at Navy, and again two weeks ago at the Princeton Invitational. In New Jersey, Omar posted a school-record time of 24:21 to finish 16th overall and lead the Black and Gold to a seventh-place tie with America East rival Binghamton. The following Tuesday, Omar joined Schuler as an America East Performer of the Week honoree.
Along with Omar, senior Jake Albino (Hampton, N.Y./Minisink Valley) has scored in all four competitions for UMBC, including an 11th-place at the Pre-Conference race. Senior Andrew Smith (Chadds Ford, Pa./Garnet Valley) has scored in three meets, while sophomore Austin Hayslett (Mount Airy, Md./Urbana) has earned a scoring spot twice.
The Retriever women enter Saturday's race trying to break into the top half of the conference standings after a steady invitational season. UMBC took third at the America East race back on Sept. 7 and were paced by sophomore Nicole Dawson (Jessup, Md./Hammond) who finished in 11th. Dawson also led the Black and Gold the next week at Navy, and then earned scoring spots at the Paul Short Run at Lehigh and the Princeton Invitational.
Senior captain Cody Mezebish (Westminster, Md./South Carroll) has led UMBC this season, taking the top spot for the team at the last two meets. Mezebish finished with her top 6k time of the season (22:21) at Lehigh and then guided the team to a tenth-place finish at Princeton.
Freshman Sarah Zielinski (Boonsboro, Md./Boonsboro) has provided a boost for the Retriever women this season, scoring in three of the squad's four races, while senior Kirsten McGovern (Sykesville, Md./Century), junior Sarah Daly (Lake Orion, Mich./Lake Orion), sophomore Angel Bucci (Upper Darby, Pa./Upper Darby), and freshman Cindy Alms (Fulton, Md./Reservoir) each scored twice.


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Common Causes of Thinning Hair
Veterinarian Reviewed on January 13, 2012 by Paulina Nelega, RH
Posted in Uncategorized
Common Causes of Thinning Hair
What are the causes of thinning hair? Well, there are many causes that contribute to hair thinning, as most people see the effects of thinning hair to be psychologically and socially devastating. This type of hair condition affects a lot of people regardless of age, race, and gender, and the number continues to grow each year.
Thinning hair condition may involve a lot of factors like genetic, extreme emotional stress, illness, and some medications, just to name a few. For women, hair thinning can happen during and after pregnancy. As for the most obvious reason, hair thinning could just be a part of an unavoidable aging process among people.
There are some instances that hair thinning is a result of too much stress and strain on the hair like too much teasing, excessive combing or brushing, and too much pulling and tightness due to constant ponytail. It can also be the result of over bleaching or due to excess use of permanents. As in this situation, thinning hair is still repairable and hair can grow out again. However, some people are not so lucky and they must learn to cope and live with hair thinning for the rest of their lives. Listed below are some possible causes of thinning hair among men and women.
- Aging – Thinning hair is inevitable as people grow older. It is the most common and natural cause of hair thinning.
- Hair Care Products – Excessive use as well as using stronger hair care products can eventually cause hair thinning. Curling iron or any other heat styling tools can cause thinning hair, as it can damage hair follicles. Cutting back on some of these hair care products and styling tools will help reduce or prevent hair thinning.
- Genetics or Heredity – if thinning hair runs in the family from generation to generation, chances are that present children will acquire the same hair condition.
- Hormones – hormones in people can affect hair growth just like genetics or heredity does. Hormones can cause hair follicles to contract resulting to rapid thinning or shorter hair growing and even total hair loss.
- Medications – some drugs or medicines can cause thinning hair among people such as cancer treatment drugs or chemotherapy, some anti-depressants, birth control pills, stress, and childbirth, to name a few.
- Medical Conditions – some illnesses or diseases can cause hair thinning like diabetes, cancer, and more.
- Unhealthy lifestyle and Poor Diet – Unhealthy daily activities and poor eating habit can cause thinning hair. A well-balanced diet and healthy lifestyle will surely promote and result in a healthy and shiny hair.
- Too Much Pulling, Tightness, and Teasing – continuous wearing of hairstyles that pull and tug hair will most likely lead to thinning hair. Avoid wearing ponytails and tight braids will surely prevent hair thinning.
If any of the above conditions caused hair thinning, consulting a medical professional will be a wise move to make, as acquiring proper medical advice or treatment can definitely save hair from thinning. Even if there are no cures or treatments for thinning hair, proper care to reduce or prevent the damage and breakage or even hair loss is always very essential.
Suggested Products
Hair Essentials™ for Hair Growth
Revivogen Thickening Conditioner
Anxiety & Stress Essentials™ – Herbal Relaxation
Astragalus Root (Astragalus membranaceus)
Ashwagandha Root (Withania somnifera)
Ginseng Energy Gold (Alcohol Free)
Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata)
Our Expert
Paulina Nelega, RH, has been in private practice as a Clinical Herbalist for over 15 years. She has developed and taught courses in herbal medicine, and her articles on health have appeared in numerous publications. She is very passionate about the healing power of nature. Ask Dr. Jan


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Sidelined: Why Dietz sits out the sniper trials
The October 17, 2002 cover of the Hook
Last year the Beltway snipers terrified and intrigued people as far away as Charlottesville. Remember? You stayed tuned as one after another self-anointed expert tried to make sense of the killing. Now as the panic recedes, the puzzle remains: Why did they kill?
One person who knew enough to tell you the answer to that last year actually knew too much. Indeed, Park Dietz was way too valuable to the lawyers as a potential expert witness to be wasted on television.
State prosecutors hired Dietz to evaluate John Muhammad, but Muhammad refused twice to meet with Dietz. The Prince William County circuit court judge presiding over his trial ruled that Muhammad had thereby forfeited his right to present psychiatric evidence in his defense during the guilt phase of his trial, or– if he was found guilty of a capital crime– during the sentencing phase.
Then on October 9, the attorneys for the other sniper suspect, Lee Boyd Malvo, 18, announced that they would raise an insanity defense, claiming that Malvo had been brainwashed by Muhammad. Fairfax County prosecutor Bob Horan asked Dietz to serve as the state's expert witness in that case.
Five days later, Fairfax County Circuit Judge Jane Marum Roush ruled that Dietz could not act as an expert witness in the Malvo case. Why?
Although Dietz had not interviewed Muhammad, he had seen confidential files regarding the suspect. If this created a conflict of interest, it wasn't a typical one. Dietz's client in both cases was the Commonwealth of Virginia.
In both cases, lots of witnesses for the prosecution– from cops to ballistics experts to medical examiners– overlap. The difference is that the court "appoints" the prosecution's expert psychiatric witness in Virginia, although it's always the one picked by the prosecutor– or, it now seems, almost always.
Some of the papers examined by Dietz in the Muhammad case might have been given to him by the defense. They could be used against Muhammad only if the defendant put on psychiatric evidence himself. But that's Muhammad's right of confidentiality, and it wasn't Muhammad complaining about Dietz's appointment in Malvo's case.
It's not that Dietz wasn't qualified. From the standpoint of being well informed, he was too qualified. Judge Roush, bending over backwards to be fair to Malvo, wanted a prosecution expert who knew less, not more. She chose fairness to Malvo at the expense of accuracy in her evaluation.
Muhammad now finds himself facing a death sentence, possibly because he gave up what might have been his best chance to beat it just to avoid an evaluation by Dietz. Malvo avoids an evaluation by Dietz by a novel claim of conflict of interest.
What does this say about the bullet these guys thought they were dodging?


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You are here: Home › mobban5_update
Values for building more mindful technology:
✨ design for human connection
✨ awaken the senses
✨ create utility or joy
✨ let the tech disappear
✨ design for disconnect
✨ build extensibly
✨ simplify – then simplify again
✨ narrow the digital divide
✨ make something the world needs
Liza Kindred founded Mindful Technology after 20+ years spent working with top brands in fashion + technology. After helping to develop wearable tech, she realized that she wanted to use her expertise to help build a world where technology helps humans connect to each other instead of devices.
She speaks globally about #mindfultech, has been written about by The New York Times, The Telegraph, and Entrepreneur Magazine, and has worked with clients ranging from VOGUE Magazine and Bergdorf Goodman to Amazon and Microsoft.


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As you tune your server, it is important to remember that your specific environment is unique. The impacts of the suggestions provided in this guide will vary, depending on your specific environment. Ultimately you must rely on your own judgement and observations to select the adjustments that are best for you.
As you work to optimize performance, keep the following guidelines in mind:
Work methodically
As much as possible, make one adjustment at a time. Measure your performance before and after each change, and rescind any change that doesn't produce a measurable improvement.
Adjust gradually
When adjusting a quantitative parameter, make several changes in succession, rather than trying to make a drastic change all at once. Different systems face different circumstances, and you might pass by your system's best setting if you change the value too rapidly.
Start fresh
At each major system change, be it a hardware or software upgrade or deployment of a major new application, review all previous adjustments to see whether they still apply. After a Solaris upgrade, you should start over with an unmodified /etc/system file.
Stay informed
Read the Oracle iPlanet Web Server 7.0.9 Release Notes and the release notes for your operating system whenever you upgrade your system. The release notes often provide updated information about specific adjustments.


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Join us for a reading and presentation by Vanessa Diffenbaugh, author of San Francisco Public Library's January/February 2012 On the Same Page book selection.
Each year, nearly 20,000 young people "age out" of America's foster care system, and many of them have nowhere to go. Writer Vanessa Diffenbaugh, who grew up in Northern California, has transformed this sad statistic into an extraordinary debut novel.
Set in San Francisco and the Napa Valley, The Language of Flowers tells the visceral and deeply touching story of Victoria, a teen who has been discharged from foster care, leaving her alone and emotionally barricaded. It's also a compelling story about spiritual hunger and the power of nature—and human connection—to help heal hearts.
Ms. Diffenbaugh will read from her book and discuss her inspiration for the novel, as well as present a slide show about the Victorian language of flowers. She will be joined by Isis Keigwin, CEO of Camellia Network, a national non-profit co-founded by Ms. Diffenbaugh. The mission of Camellia Network is to activate networks of citizens in every community to provide the critical support young people need to transition from foster care to adulthood.
Book sales provided by Readers Bookstore and signing follows program.
On The Same Page is a bimonthly city-wide read.
Upcoming Events
- NaNoWriMo: Come Write In
- Thursday, November 21, 2019, 6:00 pmMain Library, Stong Room - Floor 1


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Dr. S.M. Guma Fellowship
Category(s): Application to SGS Required
Department(s): Anthropology, Biology, Biomechanical Engineering, Business Administration, Canadian Studies, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Classics, Computer Science, Economics, Education, Electrical and Computer Engineering, English, Forestry, Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Geology, History, Humanities, Interdisciplinary Studies (IDST), Kinesiology, Law, Math and Statistics, Mechanical Engineering, MTME, Nursing, Physics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology
Administration: Internal
Field: Any
Value: up to $1,500
Number: 1
Duration: 1 year, renewable once
Established a fellowship for a citizen of Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho or South Africa, or resident of Namibia, who is a candidate for either a master's or doctoral degree at the University of New Brunswick.
Awarding Agency: The University of New Brunswick
Apply: No application required. Eligible students will automatically be considered.
Deadline: n/a
Recommendation needed from faculty?: No
Citizenship: n/a
International: No
Gender: n/a
Campus: n/a
Full/Part time: Both


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I'll start by sharing this beautiful costume, it's one of Sandra's costumes (already sold):
On the note of 'what were they thinking': the top below was advertised on Etsy as 'Professional Bellydance Bra', apparently the seller made it herself. I bought a similar bra at a market in India and it just falls apart by only looking at it So made by the seller? I doubt it.


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5W GU10 COB, Warm White
LED COB (Chip On Board) lighting is a new technology based on a combination of many small chips integrated into one super bright large chip enabling many benefits to be achieved such as providing an even and brighter spread of light for a uniform effect with no LED spotting.
With an increased lifespan, these are a perfect replacement where access is difficult to reach. A fit and forget solution – no need to worry about changing your bulbs for up to 10 years!
This warm white 5W LED COB bulb is perfect for accent lighting or ambient lighting either in a domestic or commercial environment.
A direct replacenent for your existing halgoen GU10 bulbs.


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Higgins hails 'memorable' UK visit
Irish president Michael D Higgins has hailed his "memorable" historic state visit to the UK as "so positive, so uplifting and so hopeful".
He took to the Royal Albert Hall stage at a concert in his honour to uproarious applause and said: "On a night like this it is great to be Irish." He added it was "even better" to share it with "our friends in Britain".
On the final night of his historic state visit, the London venue was the setting for an evening of music, song, dance and literature featuring artists from the two nations.
President Higgins was joined in the Royal Box by his wife Sabina and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent.
Northern Ireland's Deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness was seated next to the Royal Box, accompanied by First Minister Peter Robinson, Northern Ireland Secretary Theresa Villiers and former prime minister John Major.
President Higgins took to the stage shortly before the final notes of the concert Ceiliuradh (Celebration) rang out.
"In this magnificent venue and on this...historical occasion, I want to extend my thanks to a number of people who have made this evening's celebration, and indeed the past few days, extraordinary and memorable days, so positive, so uplifting and so hopeful," he said.
The president expressed his and his wife's "deep appreciation" to their hosts, the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, thanking them for their "gracious and generous welcome and the warm hospitality".
Mr Higgins joked that he hoped Prince and Princess Michael were "sufficiently entertained" and would "transmit positive review" to the Queen about the concert.
President Higgins described the cultures of the two nations as "deeply interwoven".
Performing on the night, hosted by Dermot O'Leary, were stars including Glen Hansard, Imelda May, Paul Brady, and special guest Elvis Costello.
President Higgins thanked the Irish living across the water for "the contribution you've made to the development of Britain, and for your part in the consolidation of an enduring friendship between our two countries".
He added: "A friendship that will grow and deepen and become richer as a result...of this memorable week.
"I want to tell you that you remain and will always be, all of you, a cherished member of the Irish family."
He thanked everyone for travelling to be at the historic concert, and said: "On a night like this it is great to be Irish.
"And it is even better to share with our neighbours... our friends in Britain."
Taoiseach Enda Kenny was also at the event.
The cultural evening began with the singing of the two national anthems, after President Higgins took his place in the Royal Box - a moment that prompted a standing ovation, much applause and cheering.
Host O'Leary got a lively reaction from the crowd when he referred to Ireland's recent Six Nations win.
The X Factor presenter, who was born in Britain but whose parents hail from Ireland, said: "I was reliably informed I was made in Ireland."
In a reflection, Irish journalist Olivia O'Leary joked: "It's now official. We are allowed to like the British."
Ms O'Leary listed the things Irish people like about Britain, including Aintree, Cheltenham, Manchester United and the BBC.
About the BBC, she said: "And we watched it for years without paying a licence free and we're utterly unrepentant about that."
She joked that it could be viewed as "a down-payment on the debts of empire".
Of the relationship between the two nations, she said: "We'll always be different. We'll always be proudly separate."
But, she added, both nations would "always be a little part" of each other.
One of the more raucous moments of the night was when the hundreds of people in the venue took part in a singsong for The Auld Triangle.
After President Higgins' speech, the evening finished with a reading of a Seamus Heaney poem and a rendition of The Parting Glass.
Related Content
- Belfast Lord Mayor Mairtin O Muilleoir 'honoured' by Windsor Castle invitation to meet the Queen
- Martin McGuinness has hijacked history, fumes Ulster Unionist leader Mike Nesbitt
- Gerry Adams slams Norman Tebbit's 'shooting hope'


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Wayne Hall
125 West Rosedale Avenue
West Chester, PA 19383
Undergraduate Office: 5th Floor Room 502
Phone: 610-436-2945
Undergraduate Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Graduate Office: 5th Floor Room 506
Phone: 610-436-2532
Graduate Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
I am a clinical psychologist with a focus on children's learning and emotions. I am particularly interested in how poverty and oppression influence children and families, and how we might best help individuals, as well as work for social change.
I remember when I first realized the impact of beliefs and emotions on student learning. As a grad student psychology intern, I administered a test to a child who had lived with several different foster families before arriving at his present residential facility for boys. I realized that he did not believe he could control anything in his life, including academic outcomes, and that his hopelessness interfered with his persistence in the face of challenge. This experience motivated my research on how poverty-related instability influences childre's approaches to learning; and grounded my philosophy of undergraduate teaching. I focus on the students. How will they respond to academic challenges? How will my course prepare them for future challenges they will face? How can I instill in them belief and passion enough to carry them through these challenges? My answers to these questions lead me to a focus on learning process, and a daily schedule that begins at a bustling Head Start preschool where I supervise undergraduate students to serve low-income children, and ends in a university classroom where I stay with students after class talking about psychological theories and daily realities for families facing economic stress.
Research on responses to academic challenges suggests that focus on process and effort encourages persistence in the face of challenge, whereas focus on ability alone, may lead students to disengage. This idea shapes the process-oriented approach I take in all of my courses, and influenced my decision to develop a new course: Field Experience in Psychology: Diverse Communities. In this course, students use psychological tools to serve low-income children and families in collaboration with Head Start preschools, and I have the chance to focus on process and reinforce students' efforts by working with them one-to-one as they apply theory to practice. This course also reflects what research tells us about the influence of motivation on persistence in the face of academic challenge. The sense of fulfillment students achieve, through helping children and families, motivates them to pursue future scholarship and civic engagement.
I feel encouraged when students extend themselves beyond their assigned work. After conducting interviews with low-income parents, the students often go to great lengths to connect these parents with needed resources. One student helped to organize a support group for immigrant families at a Head Start preschool we work with, and another organized a food drive to provide Thanksgiving meals. Other students have joined community groups that address issues of racism and related intolerance. I know I'm not the only instructor who is making a difference in a way that carries beyond the classroom. That's why I've invested time in helping to develop assessment measures for the Service Learning and Women's Studies committees I serve on. I know that, by collaborating, we can promote teaching methods that give students the knowledge, tools, and passion to engage effectively with the challenges of our 21st century world.
The present era brings new challenges for education, including those related to economic and racial/ethnic disparities. We need scholars who can engage thoughtfully with these issues and conduct rigorous research to inform policy and practice. The students who work with me at the Head Start preschools conduct research on questions like how poverty-related stress influences children's approach to learning, and how parents' efforts to help children cope might matter. Poverty stress may influence responses to challenge via disruptions to sleep, and one student recently examined how parent-child talk time before bed might promote children's sleep. These studies bring us small steps closer to understanding how we might close the achievement gap.
Today, one of my students told me that a four-year-old girl came to preschool in tears. Her mom disappeared last week and is now incarcerated. My students will give her extra support through this difficult time. Interestingly, this child reminds me of the one who sparked my interest in how emotions influence learning. Maybe we will reach this child in time to help her stay hopeful in the face of learning challenges. I know my students will try. I know they will feel satisfaction for the ways they help, and that, in the places their efforts fall short, they'll be motivated to continue their studies and civic engagement. My undergraduate students don't face the same challenges as our preschoolers. But, these undergraduates, too, have life stressors. They, too, are learners who benefit when teachers take the time to engage them and encourage them to take on challenges.
Nearly a quarter of children in the United States live below or near poverty thresholds. The risks are clear. Poverty relates to negative outcomes, including emotional difficulties, and school failures. What is not clear is how to conceptualize relations between poverty and child outcomes.
A question of key importance to me is how we might close the achievement gap. My doctoral research documented that the strong relationship between income and early childhood achievement is insufficient to account for the diverse pathways that economically disadvantaged children follow across the school years. Of those low-income children who begin school at an academic disadvantage, some benefit from opportunities available in formal schooling and catch up to their middle-income peers, whereas others fall further behind, resulting in a widening gap.
My work as a psychologist has allowed me to see firsthand the impact of student emotions on student learning. I have realized that poverty places children at risk for achievement problems in part, because of its impact on emotions and self concept. I have also realized that this impact begins early, and that although most researchers have long understood that socioeconomic status strongly predicts child outcomes, few have studied the impact of the poverty ecology on emotions and learning in early childhood. Beginning with my dissertation research at the University of Delaware, and continuing with research at Brown University, and at the Early Childhood Cognition and Emotions Lab (ECCEL) at WCU, I have collaborated with Head Start preschools serving economically disadvantaged children to examine how poverty factors relate to children's emotions and learning. I have also examined how innovative programs, like an arts enriched Head Start, might offer opportunities for children at risk to build emotional and academic competence, including persistence in the face of challenge. My research has contributed to understanding how we might provide all children with chances for emotional well being, and school success.
My specific goal of understanding developmental risk and preventing negative child outcomes associated with growing up poor may be understood in the context of a broad goal of promoting the use of scientific method as a tool for moving beyond personal or societal biases and uncovering basic truths about the world. Psychological research is at once a product of the current social structure and a tool for overcoming current social prejudices. My research program focuses on the use of scientific method to surmount a traditional view of poor people as deficient and promote equality of opportunity in terms of children's learning and emotional well being. As a mentor, I focus on teaching students a behavioral science approach and a methodological skill set that will allow them to step beyond current biases and advance social progress through the discovery of basic truths about the world, both as investigators and consumers of research.
I believe strongly in the value of student research, and enthusiastically mentor students on my research team. My mentorship involves a collaborative process of examining specific research questions with students while helping them to develop broader methodological skills. In the weekly meetings I hold with members of my research team, for example, I devote half of our time to training in our specific research techniques and the other half to discussion of research ethics. I focus particular attention on ethical questions related to classism, racism, and research with vulnerable populations, such as poor children. I share with my students a passion for scientific inquiry as well as an understanding of the power of research and the importance of rigorous methods. I offer students unique opportunities to conduct research with young children. The opportunities give them an important advantage as they apply for competitive graduate programs and psychology-related jobs.
Growing up, I saw how income poverty and related factors like violence and substance abuse influenced my relatives' lives. It was clear to me that solving problems of poverty, and creating a better world, would mean working to end oppressions like classism and racism, and helping individuals of all backgrounds tackle emotional distress and irrational behavior patterns. I pursued psychology because it offered useful tools for the challenge.
For all children to have the chance to develop to their full potential.
I agree with Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory. This theory frames child development in terms of interactions between a child's own biology, their family and community, and the broader society they live in. I believe we must address all levels of the ecological system–from individual to societal–to promote children's positive development.
If you're here, you're smart enough for the challenges you will face. Take charge, and always assume more is possible for you than you can tell.


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Primetime Special Airs Wednesday, January 5 on ABC
With the New Year and new resolutions on the horizon, ABC News takes a look at weight loss -- how some celebrities have done it and their secrets to success. An hour-long special anchored by "Nightline's" Cynthia McFadden, "Primetime: Celebrity Weight Loss - What Really Happens," airing WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 5 (10:01-11:00 p.m., ET.), tells the inside story of weight loss. From fad diets to drastic surgeries to old fashioned diet and exercise, the special reveals the do's and don'ts of successfully getting and keeping the pounds off. The message for 2011 seems to be portion control, occasional indulgence and overall healthier living.
On "Primetime: Celebrity Weight Loss - What Really Happens":
· "Nightline" Anchor Cynthia McFadden sits down with Ricki Lake, who discusses her dramatic weight loss and how she's kept it off for 15 years, as well as her new initiative to help combat childhood obesity.
· ABC News Correspondent Andrea Canning speaks to former Playboy Playmate Kendra Wilkinson, who talks about losing weight after her pregnancy.
· ABC News Correspondent Sharyn Alfonsi talks to trainer to the stars Tracy Anderson, who breaks down the real deal behind the "baby food diet."
· ABC News Correspondent Chris Connelly goes behind the scenes at Us Weekly to discuss the magazine's coverage of diets and weight loss.
· ABC "Good Morning America" Anchor Juju Chang profiles natural food chef Bethenny Frankel.
James Goldston is the executive producer of "Primetime: Celebrity Weight Loss -- What Really Happens," which is broadcast in High Definition with stereo sound.


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(919) 382-8700
European river cruises sail to wonderful places where their ocean-going cousins can't go. Smaller and sleeker, river cruise ships are designed to glide under bridges and into docks along historic rivers like the Rhine and the Danube. So, what can you see and do on a European river cruise? A typical cruise of the Rhine River sails between Amsterdam and Basel, Switzerland. Stops often include Cologne, the cultural center of Germany's Rhineland, where the cathedral contains possible relics of the Three Magi; and Koblenz, which looks up to the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress, an impressive fortification that houses the State Museum. Your ship may also stop at Rudesheim, where wine is made from Riesling grapes; and Heidelberg, where the Old Town is watched over by the ruins of Heidelberg Castle. The Danube River begins in Germany's Black Forest and runs through 10 countries before it joins the Black Sea. Highlights of a Danube cruise may include the Austrian capital of Vienna, famous for its musical legacy and the Hofburg Palace, the seat of government for various empires and republics since 1279. Another stop along the way, Budapest, is Hungary's historic center of government and culture. You may also stop at Linz, in Austria's wine region; or at Melk, to tour the Benedictine Abbey. A cruise of the Saone and Rhone Rivers is a good choice for wine lovers because it sails through two wine-making regions of France, Provence and Burgundy. Typical stops include Lyon, a capital of French cuisine; Avignon, home of the medieval Papal Palace and Pont d'Avignon; and Arles, where you can see remnants of the Roman Empire. Portugal's Douro River offers spectacular scenery, including dramatic rock formations and steep, terraced vineyards. Cruises sail between the city of Porto and Portugal's border with Spain. Stops may include Regua in the heart of port wine country, and Vega de Terron for an excursion to Salamanca, Spain. A cruise of the Seine River often includes a day in Paris; a stop at Vernon for an excursion to Giverny and Claude Monet's famous gardens; and Rouen, where Joan of Arc was burnt at the stake. From Rouen, you can take an excursion to the Normandy beaches stormed by Allied troops during World War II. If your travel window falls in Mid-March through the end of April, consider a "Tulip Tour:" a cruise of the canals and rivers that wind through blooming tulip fields in The Netherlands. Finally, European river cruises aren't limited to the warm weather seasons. There are a number of options for exploring Europe's "Christmas Markets" via river cruise ships, too! For more information on European river cruises, talk with your Cruise Holidays personal cruise expert.


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Stable Channel Update
The Chrome Stable channel has been updated to 18.0.1025.168 on Windows, Mac, Linux and Chrome Frame.
Security fixes and rewards:
Please see the Chromium security page for more detail. Note that the referenced bugs may be kept private until a majority of our users are up to date with the fix.
- [106413] High CVE-2011-3078: Use after free in floats handling. Credit to Google Chrome Security Team (Marty Barbella) and independent later discovery by miaubiz.
- [117110] High CVE-2012-1521: Use after free in xml parser. Credit to Google Chrome Security Team (SkyLined) and independent later discovery by wushi of team509 reported through iDefense VCP (V-874rcfpq7z).
- [117627] Medium CVE-2011-3079: IPC validation failure. Credit to PinkiePie.
- [121726] Medium CVE-2011-3080: Race condition in sandbox IPC. Credit to Willem Pinckaers of Matasano.
- [$1000] [121899] High CVE-2011-3081: Use after free in floats handling. Credit to miaubiz.
The bugs [106413], [117110] and [121899] were detected using AddressSanitizer.
Full details about what changes are in this release are available in the SVN revision log. Interested in hopping on the stable channel? Find out how. If you find a new issue, please let us know by filing a bug.
Karen Grunberg
Google Chrome
Labels: Stable updates


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WASHINGTON -- President Obama has proposed changes in how the National Security Agency and other U.S. intelligence bodies conduct surveillance and collect data. Here's a summary of what he's proposing to change and what's staying the same:
Telephone data:
What's staying the same:
The NSA will still have access to a vast database of information about virtually all telephone calls made to or from the United States. Civil liberties advocates have wanted to limit any data collection to specific numbers suspected of being involved in terrorist activities, but intelligence officials have argued they need access to the "entire haystack" to trace possible terrorist plots.
That database does not include the content of phone calls. It compiles numbers that are called and the times and duration of calls. Despite an apparently widespread belief, the NSA and other intelligence agencies do not eavesdrop on U.S. phone calls. The FBI can tap phone lines, but needs a warrant to do so.
The NSA will continue to have power to eavesdrop on telephone calls overseas.
What's changing:
Instead of having the government hold the database of phone call "metadata," Obama is proposing to shift control to a private entity. The details of how – or if – that will be done will have to be worked out with Congress.
NSA analysts will have to get court approval to obtain information from the database, at least in most cases. NSA officials can authorize searches on their own so long as they have a "reasonably articulated suspicion" that a particular number is involved in terrorist activities.
Intelligence agencies will face some new restrictions on eavesdropping on the phones of leaders of friendly countries.
Secret intelligence court:
What's staying the same:
A panel of federal judges, meeting in secret, will continue to be the main judicial body that reviews requests for foreign intelligence surveillance.
In most cases, only government lawyers will appear before the judges.
What's changing:
A public advocate will be appointed who can counter the arguments of government lawyers before the judges, but only in cases involving broad policy issues.
Internet and email:
What's staying the same:
The NSA will still have broad authority to intercept email and other Internet communications overseas. Intelligence officials say this power, much more than the telephone database, has been key to counter-terrorism investigations.
Intercepts have to be targeted at foreign persons, but they often involve Americans who communicate with foreigners or are traveling overseas. When Americans' communications are intercepted, the NSA is allowed to keep that information if it is relevant to a terrorism investigation or other foreign intelligence purpose, but is required to "minimize" how that information gets shared with other government agencies. None of that changes.
What's changing:
A new policy directive orders intelligence agencies to protect the privacy rights of foreign persons but does not restrict the government's ability to use information obtained overseas in its investigations.
Follow Politics Now on Twitter and Facebook
Twitter: @davidlauter


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As you might remember, we kept our original sofa (ordered from clubfurniture.com) that is upholstered in a natural belgium linen. We also kept this leather chair that I bought from a designer in KC 3 years ago. The end tables are new - I love the chunky turned legs and the slightly distressed black finish.
The two wing back chairs from Restoration Hardware work great by the fireplace as I had originally planned. I was really worried that there wasn't going to be enough room between the entryway and the fireplace.
I love our new TV (LG 47" Smart TV). I gave Mike the reins on it and he did an excellent job of picking out the perfect size and style so it would fit in without sticking out... and he installed it and was able to hide the wiring. Yep, no cable box or cords in sight!
I have a couple of Fall touches peeking in here and there for some seasonal color... a Cinderella sitting by the fire.
A bunch of wheat on the mantle. And, still loving the TV.
My order of wool blankets came last week and I'm thrilled. I am still waiting on a couple more... The pillow is from RH.
The new ottoman is the perfect soft centerpiece for Emma to make her way around. I ordered it from RH in their indoor/outdoor fabric so it will hold up to stains really well. It cost a little extra and took a little extra time, but it looks and feels just like our real belgium linen sofa.


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It's one of the ironies of the art world that major cultural institutions like the Baltimore Museum of Art are home to priceless collections of paintings, sculpture and other works by the world's greatest masters, yet they often struggle to come up with money to fix a leaky roof, pay the electricity bill or hire staff. We'd hesitate to guess the value of the BMA's holdings, but surely the total must reach into the hundreds of millions of dollars. Yet no museum that valued its reputation could sell off a Picasso or a Matisse every time the basement flooded or a heating and air-conditioning unit failed.
It's been five years since the start of the economic downturn, and despite the museum's best efforts, the drop in private gifts and foundation grants, government support and other revenues finally caught up with it. This week, the BMA reported it was laying off 14 employees, or about 9 percent of its work force, in order to balance the current budget.
The BMA is hardly the only arts organization that got pummeled by the bad economy. The recession devastated institutions large and small in Baltimore and around the country, forcing them to lay off workers, slash budgets and cut back programs — or worse.
Dozens of major museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Getty Museum in Los Angeles and Baltimore's own Walters Art Museum, had to reduce staff and salaries to survive. And they were the lucky ones: Many smaller arts groups, such as the Baltimore Opera Company and the Baltimore Shakespeare Festival, were forced to permanently close their doors.
Since the start of the recession, the BMA had tried mightily to keep from having to issue pink slips. During 2009 and 2010, it cut about a million dollars from its budget through staff furloughs, salary reductions and a freeze on new hiring. It also dipped into its endowment to cover some expenses, even though the financial crisis had caused the value of its stock and bond holdings to fall. And it undertook a major cost-cutting effort to reduce nonpersonnel expenses that remains ongoing.
By the end of last year, however, it had become apparent that such measures weren't enough to fix the problem and that more drastic steps would be required. The layoffs announced this week affected every area of the museum, including its library, and the departure of so many people who had devoted years to the institution was nearly as painful to their colleagues as it was to those who suddenly found themselves unemployed.
Going forward, the BMA remains committed to the free admissions policy both it and the Walters adopted in 2006, and officials say that for the moment, at least, no further furloughs or salary reductions are on the horizon. The BMA continues to raise money for its endowment and capital campaigns, and plans for a major renovation of its galleries are still on track. Though the institution has been shaken by the hit it took in recent years, overall it appears to be in healthy enough shape financially to continue serving Baltimore art lovers for years to come.
That's a testament to the wise management that BMA Director Doreen Bolger and her staff have shown in maneuvering their institution through the financial crisis. But the situation is nonetheless a reminder that Baltimore's arts institutions remain in fragile shape and require ongoing support from individuals, corporations and state and local governments. The galleries of the BMA may be home to immeasurable riches, but unless the region continues to invest what is necessary for its upkeep, we risk one day losing them.


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Adding a blog to your album
You can send images from your GoDaddy Photo Album accounts directly to your blog. However, you're not limited to just one blog; you can add multiple blogs to your Blog Photo list, so you can easily select a specific blog to send a specific image as an entry.
- Log in to your
- Click GoDaddy Photo Album.
- In your GoDaddy Photo Album Account list, click Manage next to the account you want to modify.
- Click Settings.
- Click the Blog Settings tab.
- Click Add Blog.
- Enter the required blog information:
- Blog URL
- Enter the full URL of your blog. For example, http://blog.coolexample.com. To use the Blog Photo feature, your blog must support the MetaWeblog API and RSD.
- Blog User Name
- Enter the user name you use to manage your blog.
- Blog Password
- Enter the password you use to manage your blog.
- (Optional) Click Send a test post. This step sends a test post to your blog to validate the settings you've entered. You can delete it once it displays in your blog.
- Click Save.
For assistance sending photo blog entries to your blog, see Blogging Photos.


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Calendar | Community
| Family & Friends in the Armed Forces
| Milestones
Community Action |
Humane Society | YMCA
Logan Ag Flavors
A Taste of Logan County Agriculture
comes to Lincoln this weekend
Send a link to a friend
[June 20, 2014]
LINCOLN - Logan County Farm Bureau is
presenting "Logan Ag Flavors – A Taste of Logan County Agriculture",
on Sunday, June 22, 2014 at the Logan County Farm Bureau Building,
120 S. McLean Street, Lincoln, from 2:00 – 5:00 p.m.
The afternoon is planned as a showcase of local flavors, produced
by Logan County farmers and producers. The vision for this free
event is to offer an opportunity to meet local farmers and ag-related
producers, taste their wholesome, safe, and locally grown ag
products, and learn about Logan County Agriculture.
Local farmers and ag-related producers presenting their products
include: Gail's Pumpkin Patch, Heartland Beef Alliance, Huelskoetter
Pork, Irwindale Holsteins & Prairie Farms Dairy, JAM Sweet Treats –
Baked Goods - using locally grown products, Sasse's Apiary – Honey,
Schreiner Farms – Lamb, Voyles Family Farms – Eggs & Chickens, and
local farmers' market participants.
The Lincoln Area YMCA and Logan County 4-H will also be on hand to
offer youth educational resources and activities.
McLean County Farm Bureau's Mobile Ag Education Trailer, "Food &
Farm Discovery Zone" will be available to children and adults
attending the event, to see corn harvested from the driver's seat in
a combine cab simulator and learn about the importance of family
[to top of second column]
Sponsors for "Logan Ag Flavors – A Taste of Logan County
Agriculture" include: Ag-Land FS, Inc., Central IL Ag, Country
Financial, Cross Brothers Implement, Farm Credit of Illinois,
Logan County Farm Bureau, Pioneer Seed, Rohlfs Implement
Company, and Wyffels Hybrids – Elias Klokkenga,
Join us in downtown Lincoln on Sunday, June 22, as we offer
consumers of Logan County a "Taste of Logan County Agriculture".
[Text received; LOGAN COUNTY FARM
Back to top


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Days of Valor is a first person wartime shooter. Focusing on teamwork, tactics, and squad based strategy to defeat your enemy. Defeating your enemy will not be an easy task. Kill your enemy and they will respawn. But siege control of vital tactical regions on the map, and cut off their supply lines will leave them without ammunition or medical supplies. Forcing them to retreat further and further into friendly territory until there is nothing left but your judgement.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.
Days of Valor Soldiers Bond
A work in progress


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Not so long ago, tattoos were distinctly counterculture. But these days, they are just as likely to grace a banker as a biker, a doctor as a rocker or even a housewife desperate for some body art.
Not so long ago, tattoos were distinctly counterculture.
But these days, they are just as likely to grace a banker as a biker, a doctor as a rocker or even a housewife desperate for some body art.
"You name the walk of life and profession, and we've tattooed them, from cardiologists to prostitutes and everything in between. It really is completely mainstream now," said Joe Staska, owner of Broad Street Tattoo in Bridgewater, Mass.
Critics of tattoos often point to their permanency as a drawback. But that's one of the things Staska likes about them.
"It's almost a magical, mystical thing that transforms your body. It's instantaneous and never goes away. For lack of a better word, the longevity of it is sort of romantic," he said.
Staska doesn't know how many tattoos he has. He said he lost count years ago.
"Someday, I'll connect them all, so I can tell my mom I only have one," he said jokingly.
But there are some lines Staska won't cross. He said he doubts if he'll ever tattoo his face.
"I think there is a fine line between self-expression and anti-socialism. I think you have to keep in mind if you tattoo your face, you're going to have some issues for the rest of your life," Staska said.
Tattoos hurt. But not as much as you might think, said Chris Quimby, an EMT from Brockton, Mass., who got his third tattoo, a Celtic cross on his back, at Broad Street Tattoo one recent afternoon.On a scale of one to 10, Quimby pegged the pain at a one.
Staska, 38, said it depends where you get the tattoo. The back of the arms is one of the easiest places, the ribs one of the toughest.
"It's just a white-knuckle flight. You've got to expect it," Staska said.
He said it's hard to describe what it feels like to get a tattoo.
"I'd say it's about as intense as getting a dental filling," he said. "The big difference is nobody wants to get a dental filling.
"You've got to earn it, but anybody can. I've never had anyone who said, 'I'm done. I just can't do this.'"
And it can be an exhilarating experience, despite the pain, he said.
"There is an endorphic rush and the adrenaline sort of carries you through it. Some people even feel it's somewhat therapeutic, almost acupunturish," Staska said.
Tattooing may be newly mainstream, but it's nothing new. It's been around for thousands of years, Staska said.
"I think it's probably a primitive drive to express oneself or identify oneself with a group or clan with a common bond," Staska said.
Tattoos range in size and complexity from a tiny letter or symbol to a full-arm sleeve. Staska's seen them done in as little as three minutes and as long as 100 hours. The average cost is about $150 an hour.
The most challenging part isn't the actual application of ink to skin, it's "pulling the idea from someone's head," he said.
First he sketches the tattoo on paper and works back and forth with the clients until the image is what they had in mind.
"You have to have really good people skills because it's part of someone. It's not just the thing. At some point, it's going to be them and the tattoo together," said tattooer Lawrence Digiusto.
Tattooer Michael Ray Anstine Jr. said he takes the responsibility seriously.
"It's pretty nerve-wracking, because it's something permanent you're putting on someone else's body," Anstine said.
But there's nothing like the sense of accomplishment when it's all over and the client is satisfied.
"Sometimes, you have that tattoo, it's the right skin, right needle, right machine, right ink and everything seems almost easy, and that's what I think we all tattoo for," Staska said.
Staska said tattoos can age well if applied properly, but he cautioned against a potential pitfall.
"You have to be careful where you put something. You wouldn't want to put a perfect circle on something that might sag and become an egg," he said.
They follow strict hygienic guidelines at Broad Street Tattoo, and new needles are used in each fresh application.Staska also follows an informal code of tattoo ethics. "A lot of stuff we'll straight out refuse," he said.
He won't tattoo any design that promotes hate, such as a swastika, he said.
"I just don't want to be a part of it. In some ways, I want to do it, so they are labeled for the rest of us to see, but I've got to sleep at night," Staska said.
Another no-no is giving an 18-year-old his first tattoo in a prominent spot.
"They don't know what they're getting into. They haven't walked around and felt the stigma. Some people do get tattooed and find they're not really too fond of being tattooed. If it's on your shoulder blade, it's not the end of the world. If it's on the top of your hand or your neck, that could be an issue," Staska said.
Another red flag – a girlfriend's name. There is no ironclad rule here. These are judgment calls.
"The 18-year-old kid who's been dating his girlfriend for six months, you just know it's not a good idea. The couple that's been married for 40 years celebrating their anniversary and they're both doing it at the same time, you can kind of feel it," Staska said.
Staska's most visible tattoos are his full-arm sleeves – a complex sinuous dragon that's been a work-in-progress for 15 years and the Statue of Liberty he's sported since 1996 – and the tattoos on his neck.
His neck is tattooed with the names of his children, Annika, 9, and Zachery, 16."You can't go wrong with that," he said. Bridgewater Independent


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Women?s Golfer of the Week ? No. 6
By Travis Rae, Communications and Sports Information Intern
KANSAS CITY, Mo. – Jamie Palermo of William Woods (Mo.) has been named NAIA National Women's Golfer of the Week, the national office announced Wednesday. Palermo was selected based on her performance from April 15 – 21 and was chosen out of a pool of conference/independent/unaffiliated group golfer of the week selections.
Palermo, a junior from Santa Fe, N.M., claimed her second women's golfer of the week honors after winning the Central Methodist (Mo.) Eagles Open at Hail Ridge Golf Club April 15 - 16. Palermo shot rounds of 71- 72 – 143 to finish one-under-par. She was the only player under par for the event. Palermo won the event by six strokes. Palermo led the Owls to a first place team finish, as William Woods compiled rounds of 298- 296 – 594 for the tournament.
The final Women's Golfer of the Week will be announced on May 1.
Nominees: Hillary Seabrook, Corban (Ore.); Megan Garrison, Indiana Tech; Kenzie Rottinghaus, Grand View (Iowa); Jordan Schaardt, Peru State (Neb.); Kelsey Marshall, Nebraska Wesleyan; Ashley Miller, Olivet Nazarene (Ill.); Lindsey Mateer, Baker (Kan.); Sunny Powers, Concordia (Ore.); Heather Bruce, Lewis-Clark State (Idaho); Calie Trusler, Saint Mary (Neb.); Cristina Jimenez, Cumberlands (Ky.).
2013 Composite Award Winners
Week 1 (March 20): Anna Schopp, Lubbock Christian (Texas)
Week 2 (March 27): Jamie Palermo, William Woods (Mo.)
Week 3 (April 3): Morgan Matchett, Wayland Baptist (Texas)
Week 4 (April 10): Jodie Peacock, William Woods (Mo.)
Week 5 (April 17): Jessica Schiele, Oklahoma City
Week 6 (April 24): Jamie Palermo, William Woods (Mo.)


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Duane's Marine, Inc.
Duane's Marine, Inc has been providing quality and reliable marine sales and service to the Virginia, MN area since 1964. With a full line of Alumacraft fishing boats, Sylvan pontoons, Evinrude Outboards, Yamaha packages, Karavan Trailers, Voyager Docks and Lifts, and parts and accessories. We have everything for your boating and fishing needs. We specialize in the repairs of our Alumacraft boats, Sylvan pontoons, Evinrude Outboards, Yamaha Outboards, and Karavan Trailers.
Our Boat Sales, Services & Marine Products Include:
Visit our store to browse our large selection of boats, outboards, trailers, docks and lifts, parts, and accessories. Our knowledgeable staff is not into high pressure sales, but we will help you find exactly what you need whether it is an in-stock item or something we can order and usually will receive the next day. Our coffee pot is always on!
Visit Duane's Marine, Inc. today at 8327 Unity Dr. in Virginia, MN, or call us at 218-741-8532. If you have any other questions or comments,
please Contact Us.
8327 Unity Drive
Virginia, MN 55792
Call Us
Phone: 218-741-8532
Mon: 9:00AM-5:30PM
Tue: 9:00AM-5:30PM
Wed: 9:00AM-5:30PM
Thu: 9:00AM-5:30PM
Fri: 9:00AM-5:30PM
Sat: 9:00AM-NOON
Sun: Closed