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A gray-and-white May morning dawns in Toronto, confirming the view of many Canadians that even May mornings will always dawn gray and white in Toronto. The city was built in the nineteenth century by English and Scottish immigrants—specifically, it is rumored, by Scots who had left Scotland because they found the Scots back home insufficiently dour and tightfisted—and they built a place of gray stone fortresses, Sunday shop closings, and hard, sad Britannic edges. Although Toronto is now, as all Torontonians will tell you, a cosmopolitan city, with garlic on every table and a new ethnic group on every block, home-town boys from beautiful, diminished Montreal, of whom I am one, still search Toronto for the magnetic lines of gloomy Presbyterian guilt and Scottish watchfulness. The rainy day before, at the new Frank Gehry-designed Art Gallery of Ontario, for instance, I had spotted, above a large and accommodating stand with many slots for many umbrellas, a printed sign reading "Unsecure Umbrella Station!" A useful convenience with a warning about the limits of useful conveniences: your umbrella could pass in a minute, with only yourself to blame. No one is really responsible for your soul, or your umbrella, but you.
I was up north, and up early, in order to have breakfast with Michael Ignatieff, journalist, political philosopher, novelist, authorized biographer of his mentor and friend Isaiah Berlin, and now—in what the author Peter C. Newman, who is working on a biography of Ignatieff, calls "the greatest feat of immaculate conception in Canadian political history"—the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, and surprisingly likely to be Canada's next Prime Minister. There is a tradition of political paratrooping in Canada: Pierre Trudeau served barely ten months as a Cabinet minister before he was dropped behind the lines of Party veterans to become Prime Minister. Ignatieff, however, had made his career not merely away from political office but out of the country, having spent some twenty-seven years in Cambridge, England; London; and at Harvard, before coming home, in 2005. By vocation, he was neither a sainted artist like Havel nor a politician who happens to write well, like Obama, but a full-time scribe and part-time don, a man who made his living by selling bits and pieces of his mind and his memory.
I have known Ignatieff for many years; when we both lived abroad, we often celebrated Thanksgiving at the same house in London. I had always been impressed by his gravity and his intelligence, but he had never struck me as a natural politician, the kind of Homo clintonius who feels the need to woo and win every table. Retiring and precise, professorial in demeanor, he had a vibe of virtue rather than of ambition, and I followed his ascent back home with curiosity and some wonder. What had led a man who has been called the perfect non-Jewish Jewish intellectual to the brink of power in a model liberal country, and what would he be like now that he was there?
An Ignatieff aide had e-mailed an address for the meeting, which I clutched, expecting a hotel dining room and the usual politician's retinue—perhaps even a bodyguard or two, not to mention a watchful press attaché with a cell phone pressed to her ear and intimations of journalistic treachery palpitating in her heart. The address, however, turned out to be that of a small Pain Quotidien on a side street, with the familiar smell of latte and organic bread; through the window I could see Ignatieff, drinking coffee and reading the Globe & Mail. There were three young women at the same table, not giving a damn. This wasn't just Toronto; this was Canada.
The new vocation, it seemed, had already changed him—over six feet tall, and good-looking in a lanky way, he now had the smooth inner glow of someone who has been dining for years on innards. The ironic-apologetic look by which writers signal to each other intelligence and powerlessness had been replaced by a look of slightly slant-eyed, amused self-possession—just inflected, I thought, by the beleaguered caution of someone who opens the morning paper knowing that somewhere in it will be a snide put-down of something he said the day before. The wistfulness of the sidelined philosopher was already turning into the wariness of the professional politician.
"It's very odd," he said as, after a cappuccino, we walked across the street toward his apartment. He speaks with a slow, self-cancelling Gregory Peckish precision. "I've spent my life as a writer, but you have no idea of the effect of words until you become a politician. One word or participle in the wrong place and you can spend weeks apologizing and explaining." Even a review of his pronouns had produced a politics: on several occasions in the past, he has used "we" in ways that led suspicious Canadians to think he actually meant "them"; i.e., Americans.
Upstairs, his wife, Zsuzsanna, had set out some brioches, and we began talking about why, at the age of fifty-eight, he had become a politician. "There's some yellowed clipping that's rather embarrassing in which I went to a public-speaking competition as a student, way back in the sixties, and I said I'd like one day to be Prime Minister of Canada," he said. "It's a ridiculous thing for a teen-ager to want. It was there because I grew up in a household where my dad was a public servant and we knew Mr. Pearson and we knew Mr. Trudeau and so on.
"I think the real issue for me was slowly discovering the price of expatriation," he went on. "I wanted to come home and this was home—that was very important. An absolutely seminal part of my rediscovery of my own country was the Balkan wars." As a journalist in the nineties, he travelled in the Balkan countries, making a documentary series and writing a trilogy of books on the wars there. "Seeing countries tear themselves apart gave me a very heightened appreciation of the absolute necessity of our own experiment succeeding. I really think that. I think that passionately. I get up in a Parliament where there are two questions in French and one in English, and two in English and one in French; and we've been doing this for a hundred and forty years, and it's the way to keep this show on the road—it is what we have to offer the world. I'm much criticized for having been away for a long time, but I think sometimes you see places more clearly from afar than you see them close up."
Ignatieff comes from an exceptionally distinguished Canadian family. But, after a stellar student career at the University of Toronto, including a brief episode pamphleteering for Trudeau, he left Canada for Harvard (where he earned a Ph.D. in history and later taught), and then Cambridge, England. He returned in 2000, to give a much admired nationally broadcast lecture series—the Massey lectures—on the country's tradition of individual and collective rights, and then, in late 2005, came home for good, at the urging of several Liberal Young Turks who, at a time when the Liberal Party had been touched ("tainted" is the preferred word) by a slush-fund scandal in Quebec, saw in him a persona uncorrupted by politics.
"When they came down to Harvard and said 'Would you run?' I was ready," he said, and he quickly won a seat in Parliament, representing a Toronto riding. His ascent to the leadership (or unearned coronation, as his critics saw it) was delayed by an old friend and rival, Bob Rae, a former premier of Ontario who wanted the top job for himself. Stéphane Dion, a Quebec academic, became the compromise candidate. Dion turned out to be spectacularly ill suited to the leadership, and resigned last December, in the wake of a failed attempt to force the Conservative government out of office. A quickly called Party caucus picked Ignatieff as leader, and the choice was dutifully ratified at the Party convention in May.
Zsuzsanna came in, with a question about summer plans; they were going to Hungary, where she was born and grew up, to visit her mother for a couple of days. Ignatieff's second wife, she is vivacious and intense, and "the steel and spine of his life," as one friend says. (She has been known to signal him violently from the audience when he goes on too long answering a question.) He replied with the deference of a happy husband.
Ignatieff's exile and return are really not mysterious. Almost every ambitious Canadian at least thinks of leaving, because, model liberal country or not, Canada offers a small stage. Once you are gone, the realities of Elsewhere sooner or later sink in—the indifference of the British, the insularity of the French, the occasional insanity of Americans—and the model liberal country looks better and better as a place to go home to. Still, Ignatieff refers to his political career in surprisingly absolute, transformational language, beginning sentences again and again with the words "Since I became a politician," as another might say "Since I converted to Catholicism . . ." or "Since I changed my sex . . ." He explained the shift this way: "I've been a spectator a lot of my life, but this is about being an actor and taking responsibilities. The thing that's missing in a writer's life is a sense of being responsible to anybody beyond myself and my family—and tyrannical editors and idiotic reviewers." He laughed. "This is by a very long shot harder than being a professor at Harvard, harder than being a freelance writer, harder than anything I've ever done—in terms of its mental demands, its spiritual demands, and its emotional demands. The other thing you've got to get used to is it's highly adversarial. It's combat. And you have to be ready for combat, and you have to lead troops into a kind of rhetorical battle. And you've got to show fight. This is not a seminar."
Canadians frequently complain that no other country has an inferiority complex so large that someone who had spent a lifetime as an intellectual abroad would be considered a plausible candidate to lead it; Canadians also frequently boast that no other country has a respect for mind so great that someone who had spent a lifetime as an intellectual abroad would be considered a plausible candidate to lead it. The doubleness is a result of ambiguities inherent in the nation itself. Canada is a very big country, and Canada is a very small country. It takes in six time zones, and people whose histories and manners are so different—from quasi-Texan libertarians in Alberta to statist French-legacy Québécois, with perhaps eighty different aboriginal nations between—that it is difficult to fit them into one national idea.
But it is a small country, too—Peter Newman wrote once that it has been, historically, the sole advanced country with only one establishment. For most of its history, the political, educational, diplomatic, and media élites have often all belonged to the same circle. (To be more precise, there are two establishments, one in Quebec and one in Toronto, warily conscious of each other and interlinked.) Though ever more open and meritocratic—Canada's most recent Governors General have been the daughters of Chinese and of Haitian immigrants—the élite tends to rise through the same small number of excellent and cheap universities, and work at the same newspapers or at the CBC, and so stories about the ascent to power tend to get tangled up in old apartments rented, lovers shared, divorces remembered. (Bob Rae, Ignatieff's rival for the Liberal leadership, was also his college roommate.) This smallness means that highbrow reputation and political plausibility can be twinned: a brilliant man from a well-known family who gives a good lecture and gets the notice of a few big people can become a party leader more or less overnight.
Canadian politics are a set subject for jokes among American journalists, "worthwhile Canadian initiative" and all that, but they actually have their fascination, because of the country's double nature. In many ways, Canada is, again, the model liberal country, with multicultural coexistence, calm procedural politics, superb social programs and cultural institutions, and essentially no tradition of political violence. (The only two incidents, the Quebec hostage crisis of October, 1970, and the Louis Riel rebellion, of 1885, are so out of place that they remain traumatic in memory, though they took far fewer lives than the smallest American Civil War skirmish.) At the same time, an existential crisis is always present, because of the fragility of Canada's composite, created idea of citizenship.
Though the Liberal Party that Ignatieff took over is now in opposition, it has long been the "natural party of power" in Canada. It is a party of good government, a party of middle-of-the-road social reform, and, above all, a party that has historically played well in Quebec. The Conservatives, who have led a minority government since 2006, have traditionally been far to the left of any American conservative party. For years, the Tory party in Canada was known as the Progressive Conservatives—a classic case of Unsecure Umbrellaism, firmly right but also left. Then, in 2003, it merged with a genuine prairie populist conservative movement, first known as the Reform Party. Stephen Harper, the current Conservative Prime Minister, helped found the Reform Party, and is generally taken to be farther to the right than any previous Canadian Prime Minister. When Quebec voters get fed up with the Liberals, as they did after the slush-fund scandal at the beginning of the decade, they park with the Bloc Québécois, a separatist party that has no use for the federal parliament but sits there anyway. Meanwhile, the New Democratic Party, a classic European-style social-democratic party, thrives in Ontario and the west, but is unable to win more than a single seat in Quebec, where the unionized left, its natural constituency, is entirely nationalist. As a result, the N.D.P. cannot by itself achieve power, nor can it decide whether to remain a third party of purity or a second party pursuing the Prime Ministership.
These ancient allegiances, and the intricacies of large and small, make Canadian elections, and politics, a bit like a repeated rubber of bridge where the trumps in each hand are always the same: it is nearly impossible for a Conservative to win seats in Quebec or for a Liberal to win in the western provinces, though a Liberal can generally steal a trick or two out on the Pacific Coast, in British Columbia, and in rural Ontario. At the same time, the Quebec vote, though in one way the Liberal "base," has to be constantly wooed; the idea of independence—after two near-miss referendums, in 1980 and 1995—has not entirely lost its appeal. For Ignatieff to win the next election with a majority government, he will need to carry the three major cities (Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver), the smaller western cities, almost all of Atlantic Canada, most of rural Ontario, and about a third of British Columbia. It's a tall order, and Harper is no pylon, as Canadians call a hapless defenseman whom you can go around at will. He is a formidably shrewd opponent, and most insiders think that when the next election is called, probably within the next year, the near-certain result is another minority government—though this one, quite possibly, with Ignatieff on top, particularly if he can do well in the preceding debates.
Ignatieff, in the first pages of his new book, "True Patriot Love" (the title is a line from the Canadian national anthem, "O Canada"), says that "loving a country is an act of the imagination," though he insists that this does not make it unreal. His conversation is filled with references to his roots, but they tend to be the kind of experiences of cold and isolation—"winter lights on hockey rinks"—common to most Canadian childhoods. "I have this memory of being ten or eleven, walking home so cold that I was in a fugue state," he remembers. "I lost my gloves, and when they asked me where they went to I couldn't recall. I really didn't know. I still don't."
Yet Ignatieff's background exemplifies both the vastness and the smallness of the country. He has written wonderfully about his father's side of the family, in the memoir "The Russian Album" (1987), telling the tales of the White Russian intelligentsia who came to Canada in the nineteen-twenties and immediately set about making themselves, trilingually, at home. (His father, though genuine émigré aristocracy—he was the son of a Russian count—rushed out west to work on the railroad a mere six months after his arrival, and forever after insisted that he had laid the tracks that his sons could hear singing when they travelled. He went on to become an eminent diplomat.) This Russian heritage helps explain, ironically, Ignatieff's appeal in Quebec: the intellectual who takes up politics is a familiar and trusted figure for the Québécois.
The immigrant side also buffers his mistrusted Scottish Presbyterian ancestry on the maternal side, the ultra-Anglophile Grants. They are the subject of "True Patriot Love." In the small Anglo family compact that once dominated Canada—the same gloomy gang that built Toronto—the Grants were the granite foundation. They supported the confederation, occasionally shut the door to immigrants, and were resolutely, some would say slavishly, devoted to the British Empire and Canada's place in it. This history, of Anglophile imperatives or imperial delusion, depending on your point of view, culminated in the semi-tragic figure of Ignatieff's uncle George Grant*, who, in the mid-nineteen-sixties, when it became plain that Britain was finished and America would lead, wrote a book called "Lament for a Nation," marking the cultural death of Canada at American hands.
Struggling for filial piety, Ignatieff sees the Grant family's sin as giving up too soon. "They thought that Canada would accrue grandeur and significance only if it was framed within an imperial identity," he says now. "Slowly the empire falls to bits, and they wake up—in the sixties, where I begin to come into the story—and this little sketch called Canada is there: it's simply been absorbed into the American empire, and life is elsewhere. I think I both believed that, and I didn't believe that. In fact, the period from the mid-sixties to the mid-eighties will be seen by Canadian historians as the period of one of the most radical reinventions in the history of a country, from Expo 67 to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. We reinvented ourselves as a multicultural bilingual nation. We had to go through a near-death experience"—he means the 1980 and 1995 referendums on Quebec's independence—"but we did reinvent ourselves."
Suspicions about Ignatieff, in English Canada particularly, have been fuelled by the reality that "True Patriot Love," long planned as a maternal-line bookend to "The Russian Album," had, willy-nilly, to become a campaign book as well. This gave the unfortunate impression that he was saying he thought he should be allowed to run the country because his relatives used to. Worse, Ignatieff's doubters could choose to see a sad consistency between his ambitions for Canada and his maternal family's ambitions for Canada, with the United States replacing Britain as the admired and too much attended imperial power. Ignatieff was one of a handful of influential liberals who, powerfully shaken by the Balkan wars, took a bad right turn out of Bosnia and followed Bush blindly into Baghdad. His pro-war positions, announced with fervor, have had to be repented at length.
In the event, Ignatieff's hawkish views, though they stalled his progress toward the Liberal leadership, have had fewer long-term aftereffects in Canada than one might have expected, mostly because Jean Chrétien's Liberal government kept Canada out of Iraq. (Feelings run higher about Afghanistan, where Canadian troops are fighting and dying.) Ignatieff's deeper offense in the Iraq arguments was in those pronouns. "We thought we were arguing about Iraq, but what might be best for 25 million Iraqis didn't figure very much in the argument," he wrote. "As usual we were talking about ourselves: what America is and how to use its frightening power in the world." The "we" in that sentence is more noxious, in Canada, than was the "oui" to Bush.
Skepticism about Ignatieff's identity has been reinforced by the fact of his long absence: reminiscences about lights on hockey rinks and lost gloves do not make up for a lack of savvy about, say, unemployment-insurance rates in the St. Lawrence Valley, or the ins and outs of Winnipeg municipal politics. "What will he do if he loses? Go back to Harvard?" Andrew Coyne, an editor of Maclean's, the leading Canadian news magazine, asks. One wit there wrote that "True Patriot Love" was chosen as a title for the memoir only after it focus-grouped better than the other choices—"Dawn's Early Light" and "This Scepter'd Isle."
Noah Richler is one of the liberal doubters. The author of a literary history of Canada, he reviewed "True Patriot Love" in the Globe & Mail, witheringly. "I'm naturally pleased that we have an intelligent man near power, but it wasn't that he wanted to lead Canada into the next century," he says, with some of the quiet pugnacity of his father, the novelist Mordecai. "He came back wanting to be Prime Minister because it's the best job. I've always felt that that bunch of families, like the Grants, that blue-blood Anglophile monarchist bunch, have always been out of touch with the country and with America. So why couldn't he approach this particular part of the family with some of the credibility that he had in 'The Russian Album,' where there was at least an admission of some of his ancestors' sins?"
It seems rational to assume that the next election will turn on the kinds of local policy differences that fill all politics. A standard criticism of Ignatieff, in English Canada, is that, apart from an enthusiasm for high-speed rail and greater energy independence (he thinks that Canada should send its Western oil east, not just south, and has spoken up for the un-green exploitation of the oil sands in Alberta), his speeches have been short on specifics. But this strategy is surely deliberate, and issues of the type that drive Americans nuts—national health insurance, for instance, and abortion—are broadly and peaceably settled, while new ones tend to get decided with minor smudges to the left or the right. A recent parliamentary controversy, about employment insurance (how much, how long), ended with a decision to form a six-member bipartisan panel to deliberate about it.
The real political question is whether Ignatieff can persuade enough voters in French Canada to return to the Liberals from the Bloc Québécois; to that end, issues marginal elsewhere play a large role. The promise of restoring government subsidies for the arts, for instance, is resonant in Quebec. "We want a government that understands that Guy Laliberté, Robert Lepage, and Robert Charlebois aren't just artists," Ignatieff said in a speech in Montreal, referring to the Cirque de Soleil guy, a popular playwright, and a singer-songwriter. "They're also symbols of the creative energy that we want all our people to embody." He got a standing ovation.
Yet the issue of national unity is overriding, and to Ignatieff the Prime Minister is secondarily a policy-pusher and primarily a unity-builder: "The ultimate responsibility of a federal politician in a country like Canada is to choose words and actions that maintain the unity of the political system you're in. My job is to maintain the unity of the country." The deeper question, which is not provincial but, rather, has nearly planet-wide echoes, derives from his vision of what it means for a nation to be united—whether a multicultural future means one country or many cantonized communities. The ghost of Pierre Trudeau haunts Ignatieff's ascent, as Joe Namath's haunts every new quarterback for the New York Jets, yet Ignatieff's view on rights revises Trudeau's. Trudeau was a rationalist and a liberal individualist, whose greatest achievement was the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. His vision of Canada was of the compleat cosmopolitan country—a perfect liberal polity, with two official languages and many cultures, where each man and woman could find him- or herself as an individual, and leave all traces of the tribe behind.
Ignatieff, on the other hand, writes and talks quite openly about certain kinds of "collective rights." He claims to be the first federal politician to call the Québécois a nation, and has embraced Bill 178—the law that forbids the display of any language but French on any outdoor sign in the province, and that, when it was enacted, in the late nineteen-eighties, inspired Mordecai Richler to write a long, caustic piece in this magazine mocking its anti-liberal and Volkish absurdities. Ignatieff's position is tactically shrewd, because the best way to win over Quebec nationalists is to buy into a limited form of nationalism, and hope that it subsides into mere particularism, à la the Catalans and the Cornish.
Yet the belief that the right of the community can trump the rights of the individual—and that this is not incompatible with liberalism but exactly what humanizes it—really is a distinctly Canadian intuition. It is argued in different ways, and with different emphasis, by the influential McGill philosopher Charles Taylor—who, as an N.D.P. candidate in the 1965 elections, was defeated by the newcomer Trudeau in his first run for Parliament—and by the essayist John Ralston Saul and the Queens University philosopher Will Kymlicka.
We are not, and have never been, the Canadian collectivists argue—in conscious opposition to older Anglo-American traditions—the rational individuals of liberal contract theory. No man is an island, and rules made for imaginary islands ignore the fragile ecology of the actual archipelago. We are people who live in communities, and our sense of who we are derives from what the people around us are like. To exalt the individual and his rights at the expense of nurturing the tenuous threads of togetherness leads to violence, alienation, political apathy, and the growth of crazy movements that can supply, in moonshine form, the sense of solidarity that pure "rights" liberalism can't—the very traits that Canadians see in a nearby country, they name no names.
Every country has an obscure theoretical dispute—in America, about the moment when human life begins; in France, about the proper meaning of the term laïcité—that crystallizes some of its deepest preoccupations and, in turn, becomes a code for its practical politics. Where you fall on the question of collective versus individual rights has specific consequences in Canada; the Quebec nationalists, for instance, would be more likely to remain in Canada if they could suppress any renaissance of the Anglophone community in Montreal, and the next Prime Minister will have to decide where he stands on that—and then where he stands on guarantees for the huge French-speaking minority outside Quebec. And, in a country that prides itself on being a mosaic rather than a melting pot, just how sealed off from the rest of the country can an immigrant group remain without violating some basic pact about citizenship? In the past five years, there has been a series of much publicized cases that seem designed to illustrate the dangers of deferring to tribalism, including a failed attempt to allow Sharia law to govern certain civil cases in Ontario, and the case of an Orthodox Jewish yeshiva in Montreal that managed to force the neighboring Y.M.C.A. to shutter its windows in order to keep the pious Hasidim from having to see Québécois women exercising in leotards. It isn't only nationalists who believe that the bland assertion of collective rights is just a preamble to the permanent, potentially block-by-block cantonization of the nation, with Canada ending up as a kind of giant trailer park in the wilderness, where everyone hooks up to the utilities and lives in his own van—a condominium rather than a country.
I took all this up with Ignatieff on aJune night as we were driving to the opening-night performance of "Macbeth" at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival. The Stratford Festival has become one of the great, modest Canadian institutions, by far the best place for classical theatre in North America, without ever becoming particularly fashionable or losing its small-town charm. Although Ignatieff was going for the pleasure of the play—"Seeing William Hutt do 'King Lear' there in 1964** was one of the three or four shaping experiences of my life; I don't think I've ever written a book without mentioning 'Lear' "—it had become a faintly political occasion. Ignatieff's argument for more cultural funding had induced the Harper government, in a mild panic, to send two ministers and a million dollars to Stratford to attest to its support.
We drove through the beautiful and prosperous South Ontario farm country, with Zsuzsanna riding shotgun, and the Canadian lawyer and literary agent Michael Levine (who has been of service to both Ignatieff and me) behind the wheel. Though it was a lovely summer evening, some small residual breath of the fugue state that makes small boys lose their gloves for good—the sense of scale, of endlessness that is part of Canada—seemed to infuse the scene. Canada is a big country.
"I'm a tremendously strong believer that liberty and freedom means individual freedom—and that it does not mean equality," Ignatieff said. "There's a letter Berlin wrote to Stephen Spender in 1958: as you'd imagine, Spender had taxed Berlin for putting individual freedom ahead of social justice—you can't be free if people are starving, all of that. Berlin comes out and says back, basically, that liberty's a very uncozy, a very cold virtue, and if you're going to defend it you need to know what it is. It is the freedom of individuals from external interference. So I'm a total Berlinian on that level.
"But the thing I began to see—and I think it's the Canadian influence—was that, if you look at aboriginal Canadians, and you look at Québécois, the case they make essentially is that they cannot exercise any individual freedom if they don't have collective rights. Rights to educate the children in the language of our choice—that's the Québécois side—and then what you have to do is construct elaborate and very complicated guarantees for the linguistic rights of the Anglophone minority in Montreal. The French fact in North America will die out, unless that majority has the right to enforce the rights of a collective majority within its own territory.
"None of this is easy at the margins," he added sharply. "We just voted down a matrimonial property law for aboriginal women, because the aboriginal community says to us that our women need special culturally appropriate protections in divorce. The thing that I took forever from Isaiah is that these collective identities and longings are primary and passionate and that there's no point in arguing about them. Living the whole experience of 'Blood and Belonging' "—his documentary on nationalism in the former Yugoslavia—"I got out of my system a certain kind of cosmopolitanism that's highly individualistic."
In the previous weeks, the Conservatives had begun broadcasting a series of spots attacking Ignatieff for his long absence. "Michael Ignatieff. Just visiting," the narrator sneers. Ignatieff seemed nettled by the unfairness. He was being accused of the very sin of cosmopolitanism that, in his own mind, he had decisively rejected by returning home to Canada and becoming a Canadian politician. "I love cosmopolitans, some of my best friends are cosmopolitans," he said. "But not when they look down on the longings for identity that captive nations may have. I discovered in myself a much stronger need for belonging than I suspected. I've even written, in the beginning of 'The Rights Revolution' "—a book version of the 2000 Massey lectures—"that that's where we Canadians are world leaders, and that's what we've thought about as hard as anybody in the world." He paused. "It's a practice. And, like all practices, it's very, very seriously undertheorized, which is good. . . . But there's a price, and I don't want to sweep it under the rug. Quebec really is an officially French society now, as it wasn't in the seventies, and that, on balance, is a good thing. And then the best thing that's happened is that people care less about it now, because the majority feels that it's secure. If you start ordering your menu in French, you can switch into English now if you want to, and it's no big deal, it's cool, because a very complicated and very sophisticated set of choices were made."
He turned to look at the rolling green landscape, not merely dotted but populated by large, distant houses. He mentioned how startling it was to meet young Dutch farmers who had recently immigrated to Canada, as people have for two centuries, for the richness of its land. He began to reminisce about an aunt who had gone from farmhouse to farmhouse near here, looking for Canadian antiques at a time when no one quite knew that they existed.
The conversation turned back to the practice of politics, and I had the sense that he could not emphasize enough to an outsider—or, in another sense, entirely explain—how practicing politics was utterly unlike philosophizing about it at the front of a classroom or, for that matter, in the back seat of a car: there are no philosopher-kings, or even philosophical prime ministers. To praise something for being "undertheorized" was to address it in all its practical political reality.
"It's a completely different role," he said. "The thing that politics most strongly resembles is being on soccer teams and hockey teams when I was a child. It's not a lonely writer in his den thinking thoughts. You're mostly listening all day long to people, trying to take the measure of their personalities—their strengths, their weaknesses. It's much closer to being a journalist. You sit with other politicians: what does this person really want? You hear what she's saying. But what does she really want? That's a political moment. You're in a town hall with two hundred and fifty people, and you're trying to get a sense of the room, of what makes these people tick. It's a very different skill from being a writer. Isaiah himself was fascinated by the question: what is it that a great politician knows? What is that form of knowledge? Last night, Zsuzsanna and I were watching the Detroit Red Wings goalie, and he knows something: what is it that he knows? What is it that a great politician knows? The great ones have a skill that is just jaw-dropping, and I'm trying to learn that."
Had it been a steep learning curve? I wondered out loud.
"Vertical!" He exploded in laughter. "Face of the Eiger!" Then he said, "As an intellectual, you can speculate, you can ruminate, you can muse about things. Can't do that in politics. They want to know what you think, what you do. A lot of the time, intellectuals are engaged in the business of showing how clever they are. The public isn't interested in how clever you are. It wants something very different, which is, Can I trust this guy? Does this guy understand me and will this guy be with me when times are difficult? There's a totally different relationship between the politician and his audience and the intellectual and his audience."
Inside the lobby of the Festival Theatre, tables had been set up, and at the tables the dignitaries had been interspersed with the actors. ("Oh, well, if you're playing a courtesan you've really got to be prepared to put on the costume," the beautiful young actress at our table said earnestly, Canadianly, on being teased about the onstage dishabille she was wearing.) There was local lamb, and good conversation, and, mirabile dictu, good Canadian wine. The federal Tory minister got up and, looking somewhat abashedly at Ignatieff, said that the Conservatives did, too, care about culture, that everyone did in Canada, that this was true "on the center-left and center-right and all points in between." Ignatieff sprang lopingly to his feet and went over to shake the man's hand.
Watching, it occurred to me that maybe I hadn't quite understood the transformation in him at our first exchange. He hadn't become more timid or cautious; he had become, in a professorial way, more theatrical, and more cunning. He had learned that every word and gesture you make is not an inquiry but an action. The cost of the political vocation was not to become drab and dull and careful but, in an odd way, to increase the dandyishness of your life. To trade philosophy for politics is to trade observation for acting. Everything becomes a kind of performance—he was onstage at every moment, even in the back corridors of a theatre before the curtain went up—all in the search to become, for a moment in time, the written rather than the writer.
As dinner ended, and "Macbeth" was about to begin, someone came over and whispered in Ignatieff's ear. A red carpet had been put down—a Canadian red carpet, mobbed by a single camera crew—outside the theatre, and the celebrities were being led from dinner to walk out on it and then walk back inside. Ignatieff took his wife's hand, waited, walked wearily on the carpet, turned around, waited for the camera to go on, and then jauntily, officially, walked back into the theatre. When "O Canada" was sung before the play (very atypically for the country), he stood and sang loudly and clearly, and then, when the play began, while all around him the other wine-and-lamb-filled spectators dozed and nodded, he kept his eyes fixed unblinkingly ahead on the stony tragedy of the urgencies of ambition and the ambiguities of power in a small country to the north. ♦
*Corrections, December 1, 2009: George Grant was Ignatieff's uncle, not his great-uncle, as originally stated.
**The 1964 Stratford Festival performance of King Lear starred John Colicos, not William Hutt, as Ignatieff stated.


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Beep! Beep! Shop our range of vehicle designs from Diggers to Space Ships, perfect for any car crazy toddler!
Measuring your child's foot for the best size.
Babies and toddlers feet can vary greatly in size. The best way to determine the correct shoe size for your child is to measure the child's feet by following our simple guidelines that accompany the size guide.
View Size Guide

subset: commoncrawl


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Description: Take up to 30 photos per second with this high-speed camera application
This is the fastest camera app available for Android.
Fast Burst Camera is capable of taking 30 photos per second.
( on low-end devices, 5-10 photos per second is possible )
Hold shoot button for continuous burst, or tap for fast single shots.
Zero shutter lag - pictures are taken as soon as shutter button is pressed.
★ Supports flash, focus and zoom. Shutter sound can be turned of.
★ Great for
- sports shots
- pictures of kids or pets
- party camera
- taking a burst of pictures in an important situation, and pick the best later
- analyse your golf swing frame-by-frame
- Parkour shots
★ Tips for good burst photos
- get as much light as possible - especially when capturing things or people in motion
- keep the camera steady
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Android OS Requierements: 2.2+
Download Instructions - APK:


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WOW is the Women of the Word Bible study. It is open to all women ages 18-100 and meets at Creekside from 9:15-11:30 a.m. Childcare is provided. Join at any time! This year they are studying the Gospel of John. Their meeting starts with time together enjoying snacks and learning about that week's passage. Then they split into small groups for further discussion and prayer. This year, the groups are intergenerational. Free childcare if provided. Contact Kathy Greer.
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: October 4High School And Middle School Groups
Later Event: October 99:00 A.M. Service


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Your Custom Text Here
This is an introductory paragraph that you can easily edit or delete. You can use this space to briefly introduce the steps in your technique or stages of your project. This engages your visitors and answers any questions they may have about your company or work.


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As he stood at Twickenham ready for the post-match dinner in his DJ and bow tie, looking for all the world like a bouncer who had just been glassed at a nightclub, it was hard not to laugh with him as he explained, beaming, how he had shrugged off the grotesque wound which now meandered inside and across his left ear and down his neck.
"It was the first contact. I just caught Louis Picamoles's elbow. Quite a big impact. I got up, felt my ear and there was blood. It was very painful," recalled England's match-winner.
"I think I sparked out for a couple of seconds. It woke me up a bit. It's just what you need; a big one to set yourself for the rest of the game.
"It was quite funny. The doc was saying to me, 'You're going to need some stitches! You gotta come out now!' And I said, 'Doc, doc, doc! No, just wrap it!'
"I didn't know how bad it was. I played on through adrenalin. So when I got back in the dressing room afterwards, the boys were, 'Whooah, that's pretty bad'. And I thought, 'No, can't be'. And then I had a look and it was bad and I thought, 'Er, doc was probably right'!"
With that, Tuilagi burst infectiously into giggles. The fact that the tapestry of 19 stitches, which had required half an hour's post-match sewing, had impressed his team-mates so much that James Haskell evidently felt it worth taking a snap of it for posterity could only add to the legend of the day Manu downed the French for 75 minutes with his ear hanging off.
Tuilagi makes a break for through the French lines (AFP/Getty Images)
Had he ever had a scar to compare? "Well, I broke my eye socket and cheekbone at the same time once. I only had nine stitches, in the eye, in that one though," pondered Tuilagi.
"And I got bitten by a dog back home in Samoa. If you're visiting someone's family you have to take two rocks with you there just in case any dogs attack you."
Sometimes, opponents must feel they ought to take those two rocks out on to the pitch to try to quell England's attack dog.
Much had been made of the 35-stone seismic collisions between Tuilagi and Mathieu Bastareaud but, after the mighty France centre had been dump-trucked a couple of times, he noted ruefully: "He's only young and has a big margin to improve. It's scary for us!"
Tuilagi is the man who makes a difference. "There are not many match winners. Like Vincent Clerc for us," as Bastareaud said. "It's one time, one moment with the ball, one try."
If he is not making things happen, things just seem to happen to Tuilagi felicitously, like the moment the egg pinballed its way out of a sea of legs, allowing him to scoot unopposed to the line.
Yes, he got lucky but do not underestimate the sharpness to scoop up a difficult ball and fly to his 10th try in just 19 internationals, including five in the last six.
"After your try in Paris, are you now the executioner of we French?" a reporter asked him. It is not a bad moniker after just 18 months of Test rugby. Already, there feels an element of a talisman about the 21-year-old: a personality, a smiler and a winner.
Bastareaud, an extraordinary physical specimen himself who needed four men to haul him down in one early charge, was not about to concede that he and the dazzling Wesley Fofana had lost the midfield battle with Brad Barritt and Tuilagi. It was instructive, however, to hear Bastareaud cooing about how he believes England now have a player capable of joining the best centres in the game.
"It's the first time I've played against him. He's very, very strong, hard and fast. When I try to tackle him or block him, he has this power to break the tackle. You think you have him then, whoosh, he has this second vitesse. He's a good defender too, great anticipation.
"I like to play against this sort of player because Tuilagi starts to be like [Ma'a] Nonu, Conrad Smith, [Brian] O'Driscoll, the best centres in the world. If he continues to play like this, in one or two years he's going to be very, very difficult to play against. The complete centre."
It is some tribute. The complete centre must also, of course, be ready to revel in the most brutal aspects of the confrontation and Tuilagi's response to being told to come off after the injury says it all.
"You don't want to come off, do you? Mate, for me it's an honour to play for England and every game, it doesn't matter who you face, I love it and really enjoy it," he said, as a concerned press officer noted the blood had started to trickle down Tuilagi's neck again.
At the end, Manu swapped his clean replacement shirt with an opponent but decided to keep the original white one, stained pink down its front and over the left shoulder.
"I feel proud," he said. As he should because, like Terry Butcher's headband or Henry Cooper's trunks, Tuilagi's No 13 shirt perhaps deserves to be enshrined as one of those grand, bloody souvenirs of English sporting fortitude.


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Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications
Wiley, 2 set 1980 - 718 pagine
Takes the student from the most basic chemical and physical principles through fundamentals of thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transfer, to a thorough treatment of all important experimental methods. Treats application of electrochemical methods to elucidation of reaction mechanisms; double layer structure and surface processes, and their effects on electrode processes are developed from first principles; other key features include a chapter on operational amplifier circuits and electrochemical instrumentation, unique coverage of spectrometric and photochemical experiments, and Laplace transform and digital simulation techniques. Contains numerous examples, illustrations, end-of-chapter problems, references, uniform mathematical notation, and an extensive list of symbols, abbreviations, definitions, and dimensions.
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Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications
Allen J. Bard,Larry R. Faulkner
Visualizzazione frammento - 1980
Parole e frasi comuni
A. J. Bard adsorbed adsorption American Chemical Society Anal anodic anthracene applied behavior boundary conditions bulk capacitance cathodic cell cell potential charge transfer Chem circuit cm/sec coefficient complex components consider coulometric current-potential cyclic cyclic voltammetry density derived differential diffusion layer disk double-layer drop effect electrochemical electrochemical cell Electrochemistry electrode potential electrode processes electrode reaction electrode surface electrolysis electron transfer equation equilibrium example experiment experimental faradaic free energy frequency function given hence i-E curve impedance interface involving kinetic limiting current linear mass transfer measurements metal methods Nernst equation nernstian obtained overpotential oxidation parameters peak Phys platinum plot polarography potential step potentiostat problem pulse rate constant redox reduction reference electrode region Reprinted with permission reversible RRDE Section semiconductor shown in Figure simulation solution surface concentrations techniques titration totally irreversible transfer reaction transform treatment usually voltage voltammetry voltammogram wave yields zero
Riferimenti a questo libro
Industrial Electrochemistry
D. Pletcher,F.C. Walsh
Anteprima limitata - 1990
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Sensors, Nanoscience, Biomedical Engineering, and Instruments: Sensors ...
Richard C. Dorf
Anteprima non disponibile - 2016


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|Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Arts and Sciences
|Dance Appreciation
|Three semester hours.
Critical examination of dance as an art form and a means of cultural expression via live performance, video, experiential activities and writing. To cultivate an understanding of how dances reflect and shape the societies in which they are practiced, course will include a cross-cultural exploration of various styles and genres.
Home - General Information - Student Services -
Academic Undergraduate Regulations -
Undergraduate Degrees - Academic Graduate Regulations -
Graduate Degrees - Course Descriptions - Faculty -
Appendix A - Appendix B - Appendix C - Appendix D


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Knitting: Stranded Colorwork Explained
The secret behind knitting the beautiful designs in stranded colorwork is in the stranding. Using two strands of yarn at a time enables the knitter to create designs, or motifs, in the knitted fabric. It also creates fabrics that are warmer and more durable than single-color knitting. The vast majority of stranded colorwork uses only two colors in each row, and only one strand is used at a time. Here are some examples:
Fair Isle: Made famous by knitwear from Fair Isle, one of the islands of Scotland, the Fair Isle technique is one form of stranded colorwork. Fair Isle is typified by its use of symmetrical geometric motifs, two-ply Shetland yarn, and muted, sophisticated colors.
Scandinavian: Stranded colorwork originating in Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland) is very different from Fair Isle, though the knitting techniques are similar. Scandinavian colorwork is distinctive in its large, often asymmetrical motifs, three-ply yarn construction, and bright, clear colors.
Although the finished result may look intricate, there are really only two things you need to be aware of to get started making gorgeous stranded colorwork:
Strand Orientation: The first thing to understand about stranding is the orientation of one strand to the other. Decide which strand will be "A" and which will be "B." You will knit with only one strand at a time, while the other waits for its turn. When you change from using one color to another, keep their orientation consistent:
"A" is the background, or receding, color, and that strand should always cross below the other.
"B" is the foreground, or outstanding, color, and that strand should always cross above the other.
Float tension: The second key to stranded colorwork is making the strands of the unused color loose enough to keep the work from puckering. When changing colors, stretch apart the last stitches made in the prior color, and then loosely lay the new color across them on the wrong side. This strand on the back of the work is called a float. Knit with the new color, releasing the tension on the previous stitches. A properly tensioned float will relax into a "swag" or "smile" on the wrong side.
Stranded colorwork architecture
Stranded colorwork garments are constructed using special methods that make the knitting easier and minimize the finishing required:
Working in the round: Stranded garments are more easily worked in the round than as flat pieces. Once you cast the required number of stitches onto a circular needle, you join the round to form a tube. From that point on, you knit all the stitches of every round, creating the motifs in stockinette stitch without ever purling from the wrong side.
Steeks: Once the body and sleeve tubes are complete, openings are cut into the body tube for armholes, necklines, and, in cardigans, front openings. Steeks are placed in the areas where openings are planned, such as the area between the beaded stitch markers above.
Bindings and facings: The cut edges of steeks are covered by knitted bindings and facings, and sometimes by sewn-in fabric or ribbon strips.
How to strand
Begin by casting the required number of stitches (in one color only) onto the suggested circular needle or DPNs. Join the round for circular knitting.
Add the second strand by tying it onto the existing strand.
You can pick out the knots later, but doing so is usually unnecessary.
Reading the chart from right to left, and working from the bottom row to the top, work each stitch in the color indicated by the chart.
Each time you change strands, check that you are bringing the background color ("strand A") up from underneath the motif ("strand B") color. The motif color ("strand B") should always be carried above the background color ("strand A").
To switch from one ball of yarn to another (for instance, to change the colors), break the working strand, leaving a 6-inch tail. Join the new strand to it by tying a knot up close to the work.
Create long, relaxed floats as you strand the unused color along the back of the work. Stretching the stitches apart on the right needle will help you create loose floats. It's almost impossible to make the floats too loose, so when in doubt, make them even looser than you think they need to be.
Properly tensioned floats, when seen from the wrong side, should look like little swags or "smiles." The extra slack you build into the floats usually disappears during blocking, when your knitted fabric evens itself out.


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The tar files in the distribution use GNU tar extensions and must be untarred with a GNU compatible version of tar. The version of tar on Solaris and Mac OS X will not work with these files
The changes in this release are detailed in the release notes.
Thank you for using Lucene.
Many of the files have been digitally signed using GnuPG. If so, there will be an accompanying file.asc signature file in the same directory as the file (binaries/ or source/). The signing keys can be found in the distribution directory at <http://www.apache.org/dist/lucene/java/KEYS>.
Always download the KEYS file directly from the Apache site, never from a mirror site.
Always test available signatures, e.g., $ pgpk -a KEYS $ pgpk lucene-1.4.tar.gz.asc or, $ pgp -ka KEYS $ pgp lucence-1.4.tar.gz.asc or, $ gpg --import KEYS $ gpg --verify lucene-1.4.tar.gz.asc
Older versions of Lucene Java can be found on archive.apache.org.


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|Visualizing Conflict: Possibilities for Urban Research
|Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley
|Urban Planning
|The Center for Spatial Research (CSR) is undertaking a multiyear project investigating what we have termed Conflict Urbanism. The term designates not simply the conflicts that take place in cities, but also conflict as a structuring principle of... More
|Visualizing the Victims of the Colombian Conflict
|Juan Francisco Saldarriaga
|This article published by Yuca magazine describes the Conflict Urbanism: Colombia project. In it, Juan Francisco Saldarriaga describes how, having grown up in Colombia, working on this project has changed his understanding of the conflict. The... More
|Access to Taxicabs for Unbanked Households: An Exploratory Analysis in New York City
|Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, David A. King
|Journal of Public Transportation
|Taxicabs are critical complements to public transit systems. In New York City, ubiquitous yellow cabs are as iconic as the city's subway system, and the city recently added green taxicabs to improve taxi service in areas outside of the Central... More
|Conflict Urbanism, Aleppo: Mapping Urban Damage
|Laura Kurgan
|AD / Architectural Design
|One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on the planet, Aleppo now lies in tatters. This devastation of a designated World Heritage Site is a poignant example of the human and cultural cost of armed conflict – in this case the Syrian Civil... More
|Conflict Urbanism: Colombia
|Laura Kurgan, Juan Saldarriaga, Angelika Rettberg
|After Belonging: The Objects, Spaces, and Territories of the Ways We Stay in Transit
|Over the course of the last thirty years, more than 7 million Colombians have left their homes and towns in a search for safety. In this project we plot the trajectories of these Colombians in conflict. This mass migration, with its dense network of... More
|Conflict Urbanism, Aleppo
|Laura Kurgan
|Harvard Design Magazine
|Almost five years after the start of the civil war in Syria, Aleppo is still under siege. At the time of writing, in February 2016, the few roads into and out of the city are blocked. What are believed to be Russian warplanes have been targeting... More
|Port to Port
|Juan Saldarriaga, Laura Kurgan, Dare Brawley, Jen Lowe
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|Ninety percent of all goods worldwide are moved by ship, but shipping is mostly invisible. More than 300 million Metric Tons of energy are shipped in and out of the United States each year, in 60,000 shipments. This project presents the ports and... More
|Jumping the Great Firewall
|Dan Taeyoung
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|This project visualizes a relatively new phenomenon: online free expression in China. It examines some innovative strategies employed by users of Weibo, a Twitter–like micro–blogging platform, in order to avoid government censorship bloggers post... More
|Close Up at a Distance, Mapping Technology Politics
|Laura Kurgan
|Zone Books, 2013
|Mapping, Urbanism, Memory, Satellites, GPS, GIS, Remote Sensing
|The past two decades have seen revolutionary shifts in our ability to navigate, inhabit, and define the spatial realm. The data flows that condition much of our lives now regularly include Global Positioning System (GPS) readings and satellite... More
|Justice Re-Investment New Orleans
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|justice, new orleans
|This is the final report based on work done for a grant titled "Rebuilding Community, Prisoner Reentry and Neighborhood Planning in Post-Katrina New Orleans." The report contains three parts: 1. An Introduction to the concepts of Million... More
|Justice Atlas of Sentencing and Corrections
|Kurgan, Cadora, Cummings,
|Justice Mapping Center
|The Justice Atlas of Sentencing and Corrections is an online tool for mapping the residential distribution of people involved in the criminal justice system. It uses aggregated address data to map the flow of people being removed to prison,... More
|The Pattern
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|million dollar blocks, justice
|This publication documents the pattern of incarceration in four cities in the United States: Phoenix, Wichita, New Orleans and New York. Building on work already done jointly by the Council of State Governments, the JFA Institute, and the Justice... More
|City Council of New Orleans Criminal Justice Committee Meeting
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|new orleans, justice
|Presentation to City Council in New Orleans, June 12th, 2007. A more detailed report will follow in October 2007.
|Scenario Planning Workshop
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|million dollar blocks, justice, urban planning
|This publication documents the results of a Scenario Planning Workshop, hosted by SIDL and facilitated by the Global Business Network on September 29th, 2006. The workshop took place at the Architectural League of New York as part of the exhibit,... More
|Architecture & Justice
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|The Architectural League
|architecture, justice, million dollar blocks
|A guide to accompany the exhibition Architecture and Justice, at the Architectural League opening on September 14, 2006. Using rarely accessible data from the criminal justice system, the Spatial Information Design Lab and the Justice Mapping... More
|Beyond the Bricks
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|Spatial Information Design Lab
|million dollar blocks, justice, new orleans
|A study of topography, prison admissions and expenditures in New Orleans including a focus on one specific housing project in the Ninth Ward, The Florida Homes.


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My latest piece at LobeLog reviews the failure of virtually all of Benjamin Netanyahu's objectives during his trip to the United States last week. I strongly recommend it.
I hope to have something up on LobeLog later today about the spasm of violence in Gaza and Southern Israel. Here's a hint: I don't think it is what it seems to be.


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The Bible refers to Jesus Christ in 1 John 1:1, as The One who was from the beginning, who was heard, who was seen and looked upon and whom hands handled. While hearing, seeing, looking is about external senses, handling (touching) is about experiencing (feeling).
When the woman who was sick for twelve years reached out and touched the garment of Jesus Christ, she experienced healing and was made whole (Mark 5:25-34). Experiencing God is about reaching out and touching Christ Jesus; the God who reached out and touched man. When asked by the socially outcast leper, if Jesus would be willing to make him clean, Jesus responded being filled with compassion, that He was. Jesus reached out and touched the socially outcast leper making him clean (Mark 1:40-42). Salvation is about being made whole/clean. Jesus' touch makes those who are plagued with the leprosy of sin, whole/clean.
Point(s) to ponder:
- Have you reached out and touched Jesus?
- Have you asked Jesus to reach out and touch you?
- Have you experienced God?
Mark 1:40-42 (KJV)
40 And there came a leper to him, beseeching him, and kneeling down to him, and saying unto him, If thou wilt, thou canst make me clean.
41 And Jesus, moved with compassion, put forth his hand, and touched him, and saith unto him, I will; be thou clean.
42 And as soon as he had spoken, immediately the leprosy departed from him, and he was cleansed.
1 John 1:1-4 (KJV)
1 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled, of the Word of life;
2 (For the life was manifested, and we have seen it, and bear witness, and shew unto you that eternal life, which was with the Father, and was manifested unto us;)
3 That which we have seen and heard declare we unto you, that ye also may have fellowship with us: and truly our fellowship is with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ.
4 And these things write we unto you, that your joy may be full.


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Find the compatible Stylus 1050 SW USB cable, Stylus 1050 SW AV cable, Stylus 1050 SW HDMI cable, or Stylus 1050 SW cord for your Olympus Stylus 1050 SW.
If you need any assistance with Olympus Stylus 1050 SW parts please call us toll free 800-278-4002 9am-5pm CT Mon-Fri or email email@example.com anytime and our knowledgeable sales team will assist you in finding the correct Olympus accessory. All Olympus Stylus 1050 SW accessories come with a Compatibility Guarantee and Same Day Shipping.
To find accessories for other Olympus cameras please see our Olympus Camera Accessories page.


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Freelancer Lady Sunshine
A sparkling note has appeared to brighten RAYMOND WEIL's 2012 musical score: the freelancer Lady Sunshine, a watch, which is both ultra-feminine, urbane and highly chic! This brand new addition to the freelancer collection demonstrates once again that mechanical prestige goes together perfectly with total femininity.
Freelancer is much more than a simple name. This collection reflects the independence of spirit of a brand that never ceases to evolve, while remaining faithful to its values. This name also evokes the freedom of the artist in front of a blank canvass, a rough block of granite or an empty musical score. Like the painter, the sculptor or the composer, it is with just as much passion, creativity and precision that the Swiss watchmaker has assembled the components of its latest feminine creation, the freelancer Lady Sunshine.
A real burst of light….. the freelancer Lady Sunshine's name is totally appropriate: at its centre, a sunray guilloché decoration sets off the white mother-of-pearl: at the outer edges of the dial, the pink gold indexes capped with sparkling diamonds, like gleaming sunbeams: the hour, minute and seconds hands and the flange revealing the balance and its inner rubies all pick up the pinky color of the setting sun; and finally, the diamonds set delicately in the bezel radiate their brilliance a thousand times. They are the crowning glory of the 29mm case that houses the watch's automatic mechanical heart. The movement beats with 28,800 vibrations per hour and is clearly visible through the dial opening between 12 and 2 o'clock, as well as through the case back's sapphire crystal. The watchmaker's precision handcraft and attention to detail are also expressed in the beautiful effect of the steel bracelet's alternating polished and satined surfaces.
The attention devoted to the slightest detail and above all to the dial adorned in pink gold is not limited only to the freelancer Lady Sunshine. This year, the entire freelancer collection is looking at life through rose-tinted glasses, and Lady Sunshine will find her partner in a 42mm gent's version, just as sophisticated and urbane.
Freelancer Lady Sunshine, a little masterpiece full of glamour.


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Sea clash off the coast of Nagarkovil
(November 01, Colombo, Sri Lanka Guardian) A major clash erupted between the Sri Lanka Navy (SLN) and Sea Tigers off Nagarkovil coastline early morning today. A large number of sea tiger boats including suicide craft were detected moving north in the seas east of Vadamarachchi by SLN Fast Attack Craft at around 5.20AM today (1st). A firefight erupted between FACs and LTTE craft and soon several Arrow gunboats from the Rapid Action Boat Squadron (RABS) joined in. 4 suicide boats were destroyed and the LTTE has officially admitted the loss of 7 black tigers.
SLA believes at least 10 more regular sea tigers were killed in the confrontation but this has not been confirmed yet. 5 sailors of the SLN were injured and a FAC was slightly damaged in the incident. Additionally, the Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF) conducted a bombing raid on a sea tiger launch pad in Championpththu at around 8.30AM today. Pilots have confirmed the destruction of two LTTE craft and LTTE casualty details (if any) in the aerial attack is not known yet.
Meanwhile two friendly countries have offered their support to Sri Lanka to provide solutions for the threat from Air Tigers. This move comes after the tigers managed to bomb Colombo and fly back to Wanni while ground based air defences failed yet again to shoot them down. One of the countries that extended support for Sri Lanka is home to the company that makes Z-143 aircraft which the tigers have modified with locally built bomb racks.- DefenceNet Report
- Sri Lanka Guardian


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"Housewives" star Kim Zolciak has split from fiance Big Papa -- again.
The curvy blonde mother of two was bedazzled by luxe gifts from the married mystery millionaire who remained off camera during the taping of Bravo's "The Real Housewives of Atlanta" -- but was recently dumped by the man she claimed to be her fiance.
"I'm not engaged anymore," she told Usmagazine.com on Tuesday. "Big Papa and I ended it. At the end of the day, he will always be the love of my life, but it's time for me to move on."
She said there was no chance of reconciliation.
This season, Zolciak returned to the studio and collaborated with fellow castmate, Kandi Burruss, to record her new single "Don't Be Tardy for the Party" -- with much help from autotune.
Little is known about Big Papa and his true identity has never been revealed on the show. Gossip website TMZ.com claims to have spotted the pair canoodling in the Bahamas last August.


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Be the first to know. Sign up and get access to new videos, articles and other important cholesterol information right when it's posted.
Sign up for a personalized plan that can help you Take Down Cholesterol.
Send a Heartbeat, and ask the ones you care about to explore Take Down Cholesterol with a personalized email that shares this site.


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Sunday, December 1, 2013
Finding Where in Connecticut Patrick McCarry was born
Tracking down these two documents I have learned a valuable lesson. The Best Thing is to Begin with What you KNOW!
I thought I had done that when I tried before to find out where Patrick McCarry, my great grand uncle, was born. I knew that Patrick, along with his two older siblings, had been born in Connecticut. But in what town? That was not clear. On his marriage license it said he was born in Thomason, Conn. and his WWII registration card said he was born in Thompsonville, Connecticut.
According to the Connecticut Towns and Counties Map, "compliments of Chuck and Molly", that I found online, there is the town of Thompson over in the very northeast corner of the state in Windham County. And then there is Thomaston in Litchfield County. This seemed like the logical one to me because Mary had been born in Naugatuck and James in Waterbury. Both of these just in the county next to Litchfield, New Haven County. I had tried before to check with both of the towns but kinda got the run around and put it aside. But a few weeks ago after being inspired by a Legacy webinar I thought about trying a different approach to the problem.
I knew that even though Mary and James were born in a different town that they were baptized in the same Church, St Francis in Naugatuck. So I called the church and this time asked if they had a record for Patrick. I figured it was worth a shot since the town of Thomaston was not that far away. But they did not have a record for him. I explained that I thought it could be Thomaston and could they tell me what Catholic Churches would have been there in 1879. She found that there was only one Catholic Church and that was St Thomas and she gave me their number. I called when I got off with her. the secretary told me that I needed to send her the information and she would look it up. I sent her an email right away and the next day I had a reply that they did have a baptism record for Patrick. She also included the phone number for the Town Clerk. I called her right away and she did find a birth record for Patrick.
Unfortunately of the 6 children of Patrick and Margaret (O'Connell) McCarry this is the only one that I have this much information for. I do have baptism records for Mary and James but there are no birth records. Their oldest son, Hugh, was born in Philadelphia before they traveled to Connecticut and Margaret was born in New York as they were making their way back to Philadelphia. I have found no birth records for her and have not been able to find what church they may have gone to when she was born. Their youngest, John, was born in Philadelphia and the birth records were spotty. I do know where they lived there and the church they went to. I just have to get info from the Archdiocese's archives. Hopefully they will have his baptism record. They also might have one for Hugh. Keeping my fingers crossed while I keep looking.
Right now I am excited for my new finds!!!!
Posted by Pat Kuhn at 1:24 PM 0 comments
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Phillip West Memorial Cancer Center
Area physicians
- Peninsula Cancer Institute
- Sentara--Oncologists
- Sentara--Radiologists
- Virginia Oncology Associates
- Williamsburg Radiation Therapy Center
- Williamsburg Urology
- Sentara Women's Imaging Center
Physician Directories
- Virginia Board of Medicine
- American Medical Association Physician Select
- American Board of Medical Specialties
- AIM Association of State Medical Board Executive Directors
General cancer groups
Breast cancer groups
- Beyond Boobs Williamsburg -- A Breat Cancer Organization
- Breast Cancer Foundation, Virginia, Peninsula Chapter
- Bon Secours Mary Immaculate Hospital Breast Cancer Support Group.
- Riverside Medical Center Breast Cancer Support Group
- Breast Cancer Co-Survivors Group
Groups for other specific cancers
- HUGS: Gynecological cancer support group
- Leukemia Support Group
- MAN-TO-MAN Prostate Cancer Support Group
Groups for caregivers
Groups for children
Grief support
Phillip West (1931-1997), a Williamsburg, Virginia resident, had a recurrence of melanoma in May 1995, after a period of about 20 years. He fought his cancer in every way possible before his death in August, 1997. Throughout his illness, Mr. West sought medical information and resources concerning the treatment of melanoma, nutrition, stress management, and clinical trials available throughout the U.S. He wanted to be an informed patient in order to feel he had some control over his course of treatment. Finding resources in the community proved difficult and frustrating. Mr. West bequeathed a donation to the Williamsburg Community Hospital, and it was the wish of his wife that it be used for cancer-related projects. The Phillip West Memorial Cancer Resource Center was developed with the Williamsburg Regional Library as a fitting tribute to him.


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As far as your eyes can see.
At dusk where the earth and sky seem to meet.
White Rann of Kutch is a 16,000 sq.km of saline wetland which floods up with water during the monsoon. Around the month of October the expanse starts to dry up leaving behind white crystals of salt.
A white salt desert.
Few frames shot during sunset at the Rann.
Used my earrings and shawl as props to add contrast to a stark white salt flat desert background:-)


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OTTAWA – Jim Flaherty's state funeral is being held at Toronto's St. James cathedral on Wednesday.
Canadian Heritage is inviting Canadians to pay their respects to the former finance minister who died suddenly in his Ottawa condo last week.
Visitation will take place at the Abilities Centre at 55 Gordon Street in Whitby, Ont., on Tuesday from 12:30 p.m. to 4 p.m. and from 6:30 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Flaherty's funeral will be held at 3 p.m. on Wednesday at St. James cathedral at 65 Church Street in downtown Toronto.
Canadian Heritage says Flaherty's family appreciates all the expressions of support and condolences and asks that, in lieu of flowers, donations be made to the Abilities Centre.
Flaherty died of a heart attack late last week, less than a month following his retirement after serving as Prime Minister Stephen Harper's finance minister since 2006.
He'll become the latest in a tradition of Canadian state funerals that began in 1868 with Thomas D'Arcy McGee, an Irish-born nationalist who became an MP and was assassinated on the streets of Ottawa after a late-night House of Commons debate.
Jack Layton, the late NDP leader who was opposition leader when he died in August 2011, was also given a state funeral.
It is an honour normally reserved for current and former governors general, prime ministers and sitting members of cabinet — although a state funeral may be offered to any eminent Canadian at the discretion of the prime minister.
McGee, Layton, and now Flaherty, are the only three Canadians accorded a state funeral since Confederation beyond the prescribed list, according a list provided by Canadian Heritage.


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USLSA(4) NetBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual USLSA(4) NAME uslsa -- USB support for Silicon Labs CP210x series serial adapters SYNOPSIS uslsa* at uhub? ucom* at uslsa? HARDWARE The uslsa driver is known to work with the following adapters: Siemens MC60 Data Cable Suunto USB Serial Adaptor Helicomm IP-Link 1220-DVM Nokia CA-42 USB DESCRIPTION The uslsa driver provides support for the Silicon Labs USB-to-RS-232 Bridge chip. The device is accessed through the ucom(4) driver which makes it behave like a tty(4). SEE ALSO tty(4), ucom(4), usb(4) Silicon Laboratories: http://www.silabs.com. Silicon Laboratories AN571: CP210x Virtual COM Port Interface.. HISTORY The uslsa driver appeared in NetBSD 4.0. AUTHORS The uslsa driver was written by Jonathan A. Kollasch. Code and style was borrowed from existing NetBSD USB-serial drivers. CAVEATS Settings other than 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit seem to be refused by the CP2101. NetBSD 8.1 January 17, 2012 NetBSD 8.1
You can also request any man page by name and (optionally) by section:


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If you have already registered a Login ID for another facility, you
may reuse it by entering just the Login ID and password fields below.
After the fax is received, an email will be sent to you with a URL for
your specific Facility Response Submission Form. Please go to this URL and enter the
appropriate login ID and password. Your data or comments will be
processed as soon as possible.
Please keep a record of your facility's URLs so that you may update
any posted material as needed.


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Some people continue to drink excessive amounts of alcohol even
though it causes problems in their lives. These people have an alcohol use problem.
Most people refer to people who drink too much alcohol as having a
drinking problem. Health professionals distinguish between people who have
problem drinking (alcohol abuse) and people who are
dependent on alcohol (alcohol dependence or alcoholism).
The causes of alcohol use problems and alcoholism are complex and involve
physical, social, and emotional aspects.
People with alcoholism may not drink alcohol every day, but they
usually drink heavily when they drink and have withdrawal symptoms if they stop
Alcoholism is a lifelong disease that often causes health,
emotional, behavioral, and social problems. If untreated, it can even lead to
death from the effects of alcohol on the heart, liver, and other parts of the
body. Alcoholism cannot be cured, but it can be successfully treated.
Last Revised:
January 18, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Peter Monti, PhD - Alcohol and Addiction
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Note: The requirements outlined in this article are based on the 2011 edition of the NEC.
We concluded Part 1 of this topic with the requirements for the service disconnects of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. As we continue to discuss Part III of Art. 690 (Disconnecting Means), we come to the topic of requirements for the equipment disconnects.
Equipment disconnects are for such things as inverters, batteries, and charge controllers. These disconnects must disconnect equipment from all ungrounded conductors of all sources. If the equipment is energized from more than one source, such as an inverter, the disconnecting means for all sources must be grouped and identified [690.15].
It's necessary to provide a means to disconnect a fuse from all sources of supply, if energized from both directions. The fuse must be capable of being disconnected independently of fuses in other PV source circuits [690.16(A)]. Using disconnects with pull-out fuses is one method to disconnect a fuse from all sources of energy.
Disconnects for fuses must be installed for PV output circuits where fuses that must be serviced can't be isolated from energized circuits. The disconnect must be:
- Within sight of, and accessible to, the fuse (or integral with the fuse holder).
- Externally operable without exposing the operator to contact with live parts.
- Plainly indicating whether in the open or closed position [690.16(B)].
If the disconnect is more than 6 ft from the fuse, then you must install a directory showing the location of the fuse disconnect at the fuse location. Non-load-break rated disconnects must be marked "Do not open under load."
A disconnect for PV systems — direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) — must be a manually operable switch or circuit breaker complying with all of the following (Fig. 1):
- Readily accessible [690.14(C)(1)]
- Externally operable without exposing the operator to contact with live parts.
- Plainly indicating whether in the open or closed position.
- Have an interrupting rating sufficient for the nominal circuit voltage and the current available at the line terminals of the equipment.
Where all terminals of a disconnect may be energized when the switch is open, a warning sign must be placed on (or adjacent to) the disconnect.
Wiring methods
Part IV of Art. 690 covers wiring methods, and begins by stating that NEC Chapter 3 wiring methods and other wiring systems specifically identified for use on PV systems are allowed to be used [690.31(A)]. However, PV source and output circuits above 30V must be installed in a raceway if the conductors are readily accessible.
Single-conductor Type USE-2 or listed and labeled PV wire can be run exposed at outdoor locations for PV source circuits. But if the circuit is more than 30V, single-conductor Type USE-2 or listed and labeled PV wires must not be accessible from a readily accessible location [690.31(B) and Ex].
If you run DC input PV system conductors and AC inverter output conductors inside a building or structure, run them in metal raceway, Type MC cable, or metal enclosure [690.31(E)]. Additional installation requirements apply, which were added in the 2011 NEC to 690.31(E), including:
- Beneath roofs. Wiring methods for PV system conductors aren't permitted within 10 in. of the roof decking or sheathing except where located directly below the roof surface that's covered by PV modules and associated equipment. Wiring methods for PV system conductors must be run perpendicular (90°) to the roof penetration point. Note: The 10 in. from the roof decking/sheathing requirement is to prevent accidental contact to energized conductors from saws used by firefighters for roof ventilation during a structure fire.
- Flexible wiring methods. Flexible metal conduit smaller than trade size ¾ or Type MC cable smaller than 1 in. in diameter installed across ceilings or floor joists must be protected by substantial guard strips that are at least as high as the wiring method. Where runs are exposed, other than within 6 ft of their connection to equipment, wiring methods must closely follow the building surface or be protected from physical damage by an approved means.
- Marking or labeling required. Wiring methods and enclosures containing PV source conductors must be marked with the wording "Photovoltaic Power Source" by labels or other approved permanent marking means suitable for the environment and placed with a maximum of 10 ft of spacing.
System grounding
To limit the voltage induced by lightning, one conductor of a 2-wire PV system operating at more than 50V must be solidly grounded (connected to the earth) per 250.4(A)(1) [690.41]. The grounding connection can be at any single point on the grounded conductor of the PV DC output circuit [690.42]. PV systems with ground-fault protection that incorporates the system grounding connection must not have an additional grounding connection [690.42 Ex].
Equipment grounding (bonding)
Connect all exposed metal parts of PV module frames, electrical equipment, raceways, and enclosures to an equipment grounding conductor (EGC) of a type permitted in 250.118 [250.134 and 690.43(A)], as shown in Fig. 2. You must install an EGC between the PV array and associated equipment [690.43(B)]. Devices listed and identified for grounding the metallic frames of PV modules and associated equipment can be used to bond the exposed metal surfaces of modules and equipment to the metal racks [690.43(C)].
Metallic mounting racks used as an EGC must be identified as an EGC or have identified bonding jumpers/devices connected between the separate metallic racks and be connected to an EGC as required by 690.43(A). Devices and systems used for securing PV modules to metal mounting racks that serve as an EGC must be identified for such purposes [690.43(D)]. Devices identified and listed for bonding the metallic frames of PV modules can be used to bond the metallic frames of PV modules to the metallic frames of adjacent PV modules [690.43(E)]. All conductors of a circuit, including the EGC, must be installed in the same raceway or cable, or otherwise run with the PV array circuit conductors when they leave the vicinity of the PV array [690.43(F)].
For PV circuits having overcurrent protection, size the EGC to the rating of the PV circuit overcurrent protective device (OCPD) per Table 250.122 [690.45(A)]. Where no overcurrent protection is provided for the PV DC circuit, as permitted in 690.9 Ex., size the EGC to the PV circuit short circuit current rating per Table 250.122 [690.45(A)].
Grounding electrode system
If installing a DC system, provide a grounding electrode system per 250.166 with a grounding electrode conductor per 250.64. A common DC grounding-electrode conductor can serve multiple inverters with the common grounding electrode and the tap conductors sized per 250.166. A splice or joint is not allowed in the common grounding electrode conductor [250.47(B)].
PV systems with DC modules having no direct connection between the DC grounded conductor and the AC grounded conductor must be bonded to the AC grounding system by one of the
methods listed in 690.47(C)(1), (2), or (3). This set of requirements is new, with the 2011 NEC:
- A separate DC grounding electrode bonded to the AC grounding electrode system with a bonding jumper sized to the larger of the existing AC grounding electrode conductor or DC grounding electrode conductor specified by 250.166 (Fig. 3).
- A DC grounding electrode conductor sized to 250.166 run from the marked DC grounding electrode connection point to the AC grounding electrode. Where an AC grounding electrode isn't accessible, the DC grounding electrode conductor is permitted to terminate to the AC grounding electrode conductor by irreversible compression-type connectors listed as grounding and bonding equipment or by the exothermic welding process [250.64(C)(1)].
- An unspliced, or irreversibly spliced, combined equipment grounding/grounding electrode conductor run from the marked DC grounding electrode connection point along with the AC circuit conductors to the grounding bus bar in the associated AC equipment (Fig. 4).
Install bonding jumpers around equipment so that you maintain the bonding continuity if the equipment is removed [690.48 and 690.49]. This applies to exposed conducting surfaces of PV equipment and to the PV system grounded conductor.
Power source label
Apply a permanent label at the PV DC disconnect indicating [690.53]:
- Rated maximum power-point current (Imp)
- Rated maximum power-point voltage (Vmp)
- Maximum system voltage (Voc)
- Short circuit current (Isc)
- Maximum rated output current of the charge controller (if installed).
For interactive systems, the point of interconnection of the PV system power source to other sources must be marked at an accessible location at the disconnect as a power source and with the rated AC output current and nominal operating AC voltage [690.54].
Any building or structure with a standalone PV system not connected to a utility service source must have a permanent plaque on the exterior of the building or structure, at a readily visible location. It must indicate the location of the standalone PV system disconnect and that the structure contains a standalone electrical power system [690.56(A)].
Any structure containing both utility service and a PV system must have a permanent plaque identifying the location of the service disconnect and PV system AC disconnect (if they are not at the same location) [690.56(B)].
Connection to other sources
For interactive systems, use only inverters and AC PV modules listed as interactive [690.60]. An inverter or an AC module in an interactive PV system must automatically de-energize its output to the electrical distribution system upon loss of voltage. It must remain de-energized until the electrical distribution system voltage has been restored [690.61].
Article 705 of the NEC covers interconnected electric power production sources. There are requirements in Art. 705 that apply to solar voltaic systems.
Storage batteries
Install storage batteries per Art. 480 [690.71(A)]. Additionally:
- For dwellings, the cells must be series connected (to operate at less than 50V, nominal) [690.71(B)].
- Live parts of storage battery systems for dwellings shall be guarded to prevent accidental contact by persons or objects, regardless of voltage.
- Install listed current-limiting overcurrent devices where the available short circuit current from the battery bank exceeds the interrupting or withstand ratings of equipment it supplies.
- Where used for battery interconnections, flexible cables identified for hard-service use and moisture resistant as identified in Art. 400 must be a minimum size of 2/0 AWG. You can use flexible cables only between the battery terminals to a nearby junction box (where they must connect to an approved wiring method) or between batteries and cells within the battery enclosure [690.74].
- Where used for battery interconnections, flexible, fine-stranded cables must terminate in terminals, lugs, devices, or connectors that are identified and listed for fine-stranded conductors [110.14(A) and 690.74].
The production of power from solar resources is not a new concept, but it is an area of ever-changing technology and strong growth. The NEC requirements for these systems have also changed; therefore, the solar installer must keep current with the Code requirements.


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To apply for graduation, CSS students must fill out an application for graduation with one of the program advisors. The process takes 5-10 minutes. It is important that you keep the University informed of your correct email address, so that you can be notified of any problems with your graduation application.
The deadline for submitting the application is the third Tuesday of the quarter in which the student intends to graduate. (Students graduating in Summer Quarter who plan to attend the Commencement ceremony must meet the Spring Quarter application deadline).
It is the student's responsibility to apply for a degree or certificate, because degrees are not automatically awarded when requirements have been satisfied.
If you are a graduating senior or post-baccalaureate student with a degree application on file in the Graduation and Academic Records Office, you may register on the first day of Registration Period I for your final two quarters. If you must postpone your graduation, you may save your priority quarters by not registering before your regular senior priority day. When you have used your Graduating Senior Priority for two quarters, you will revert to regular senior priority.
Baccalaureate honors (summa cum laude, magna cum laude, cum laude) are awarded only to recipients of a first baccalaureate degree. These honors are earned by those students who have completed no fewer than 90 residence credits at this institution. At least 60 of the 90 credits must have been acquired on a graded basis.
The University's Honors Committee determines annually the grade-point requirement for each baccalaureate honor at each campus. In recent years, approximately ten percent of the students have been awarded baccalaureate honors. Credits earned by correspondence courses are not counted toward honors eligibility.


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Greg Cote
Greg Cote: Michael Sam challenging NFL to tear down sports' last wall
We move slowly as a society, don't we? No matter the magnitude or urgency, we are unhurried. When we do change, we do it grudgingly, and then, perhaps decades later, we allow ourselves to finally admit how insane it was that it took so long — or that we were ever like that at all.
Women couldn't vote, once. Susan B. Anthony, second-class citizen, made changing that her life's work in the late 19th century. Society accepted what was illogical, but there were enough who stood up to foment eventual change. Anthony did not live to see women cast their first votes in a U.S. presidential election in 1920.
Black Americans didn't have basic civil rights, once. Martin Luther King Jr., second-class citizen, made changing that his life's work in the mid-20th century. Society accepted what was blatantly unfair, but enough stood to make change eventually come. King lived to see the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, and paid for it with his life.
Can you imagine, now, that women once had to fight for the right to vote? Or that blacks had to fight for simple fairness and the most basic human rights?
I wonder if we'll look back, many years from now, and similarly mention Michael Sam as a champion of gay equality? And wonder why it took us so long?
Sociology professor in a university classroom, 50 years hence:
"I know it's hard to believe, now, but once there was such prejudging of gays in this country that, as recently as 2014, it made major national news when a college football player declared his homosexuality in advance of the NFL Draft."
"Can you imagine? Once we wondered if something as trivial as a sports locker room could stand the culture shock!"
Michael Sam was a University of Missouri defensive lineman, an All-American, the Southeastern Conference defensive player of the year.
Now he is something entirely different, much bigger.
He is a cause célèbre. A symbol.
In making public his homosexuality (something his college teammates already knew about), Sam has put himself in position to become the first openly gay active player in the macho-to-a-fault NFL.
His life's story is intriguing. The seventh of eight kids, Sam has seen one older brother die of gunshot wounds, another has been missing since 1998, and two others are in prison. He is the first member of his family to go to college.
But now his sexual orientation is the only part of his story that seems to matter.
Sam may or may not have a future in the NFL, but the fact he would be the first openly gay man trying will bring him a hundred times the attention, and pressure, that he'd otherwise have as a marginal prospect.
Is sports ready for this, let alone the biggest team sport in America?
We've known after the fact that several closeted gay men have played in the NFL, and some likely do today, but Sam would be the first to bring with him the attention and distraction of it. NFL teams are terribly pragmatic — Can he help us win? — but Sam could push the boundaries of that pragmatism.
He has gone all in. It is the NFL's move now.
(Quick aside: Sam has long been pegged only a likely mid-round draft pick, so do not blame his public revelation if he isn't selected until, say, the fourth round. If he isn't drafted at all — then you may cite his sexual orientation as a reason without equivocation. An anonymous NFL executive already has told Sports Illustrated that Sam's admission will hurt his draft standing).
The player's honesty has been met with the expected attention, controversy and extreme reaction in either direction.
To many he is brave, heroic, a latter-day Jackie Robinson.
First Lady Michelle Obama called Sam an "inspiration."
Former NBA player John Amaechi, who came out as gay after his playing days, thanked Sam and quoted William Shakespeare in a Tweet to him: "How far that little candle throws his beam! So shines a good deed in a weary world."
Even former Dolphin Richie Incognito conveyed support, saying, "It takes guts to do what you did. I wish you nothing but the best." The irony there, of course, is that Incognito, in the "Bullygate" mess with Jonathan Martin, personifies the NFL's Neanderthal locker-room culture that is the greatest challenge to an openly gay player.
Not all have supported Sam's honesty. Folks less open-minded, the ones who make the world weary, also have been represented in their reaction, referring to Sam as a deragatory term for homosexuals who should-a stayed in the closet where he belongs, hiding.
One can't even watch the Winter Olympics without continuing prejudice against gays arising as an issue, given host country Russia's anti-gay "propoganda" law that restricts the rights of homosexuals.
It's been the polar reaction to Sam's coming out — hero or villain — that I find fascinating. Those at the forefront always have to be labeled. They are god-like to supporters, and the devil to detractors. They can never just be regular people trying to live regular lives.
Susan B. Anthony before she was a crusader was just a person wondering why she didn't have the same rights a man did.
Martin Luther King was incredulous and angry that Rosa Parks was expected to sit in the back of the bus — because somebody had to be incredulous and angry.
Now Michael Sam is positioned on a pedestal or vilified when all he's trying to do is make a living in the game he loves and be honest with himself, all at once.
Women were lesser than men. Blacks were lesser than whites. And the same geniuses who tried to tell us all that try to tell us gays are lesser than straights.
Aren't we tired of prejudice yet? Aren't we sick of it?
As I consider the potential impact of Michael Sam I recall a memorable moment of the Reagan presidency regarding the Berlin Wall, when in 1987 his advice to Mikhail Gorbachev was, "Tear down this wall!"
Sam is just a young man being true to himself, with no such defiance or demand.
It is implied, though.
The message in the timing of his truthfulness is unspoken, yet clear.
The NFL and sports in general have been the closed society, the last bastion where anti-gay sentiment has somehow had tacit approval.
Now, at last, it is almost time:
"Tear down this wall!"