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Connecting Communication to Student Learning Part 2
The research I have done in the past does not quantitatively on a large scale connect on-line communication to student achievement. However, there are plenty of other studies out there that connect what parents do to student achievement. There are plenty of others that look at what schools can do to help parents do those things that will help their kids learn. What I have attempted to do is make logical relations between these concepts.
This is my most "academic" post ever...
Relationships are the Key to Achievement
A classroom environment consists of an atmosphere shaped by relationships and instruction. Without one or the other the learning experience is incomplete. I believe that the two come together to create an environment where a student feels that they belong.
"To create schools that function as personalized communities of learning rather than anonymous institutions where some students feel they belong and others feel ignored, we must know our students-how they think, what they need, and what they want" (Hoffman and Levak 2003, p. 31)
The type of communication I was having with my students allowed me to hear their distinct voices. It showed my kids that I cared about each of them.
Caring connects us to one another through a sense of responsibility which is "sustained by a process of communication" (Gilligan 1982 p.32).
Continual on-line communication gave me the means to communicate, but what I did with it was the key. I used every bit on knowledge I got from each kid to tweak my relationship with them, to differentiate my instruction, and to better understand their perspective of our classroom.
As Ferguson (2002) puts it "when teachers have strong content knowledge and are willing to adapt their pedagogies to meet student needs, adding good teacher-student relationships and strong encouragement to the mix may be the key" (p. 3-4).
The result of all of this is a feeling of belongingness by the student where students try to maintain positive relationships (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Students that feel close to teachers through belongingness benefit from higher grade point averages, are more willing to ask for help, and enjoy a higher quality of education (Dornbush & Glasgow, 1996; Ferguson, 2002; Osterman, 2000).
What I was getting was better information which helped to build positive relationships. Research shows that this should lead to a better educational experience and higher achievement for students.
As I delved further into my research I was surprised to see a connection to the concept of efficacy. I wasn't even very familiar with efficacy. For those of you that are now where I was – efficacy is when an individual believes that they have control over the events and changes in their life and that these things are not just left up to fate or out of their control. Self-efficacy is one of the strongest traits we can build within our students – and parents.
One of the greatest student traits that teachers can foster through positive teacher-students is a strong sense of self efficacy; which is "a set of beliefs regarding a person's competence to formulate and carry out a particular course of action" (Jackson, 2002). Self-efficacy has a great impact on how students face failure, adversity, approach learning, solve problems, and directly affects their academic performance (Bandura et al., 1996; Jackson, 2002).
From this research it stands to reason that teachers whose classrooms make students feel like they belong increase the self-efficacy of students and will create learners that feel empowered to make changes in their lives and affect their own educational outcomes.
Teachers must find effective methods for communicating with students and parents and for infusing approaches in the home that will heighten student outcomes at school. Many studies show that parent encouragement and discussion at home is one of the greatest influences on student achievement
Self Efficacy - Being empowered to be in control and not leave it up to someone else
Expectations and Encouragement
In fact the effect of parents holding high aspirations and expectations for their students is such an influential factor that it can make differences in achievement great enough to offset some of the effects caused by differences in socioeconomic status (Fan, 2001; Griffith, 1996; Keith & Keith, 1993).
Some studies have shown that parental involvement occurs more often and is more beneficial in the elementary schools than in the upper levels (Griffith, 1996; Strom & Strom, 2003). Others dispute this through empirical evidence that finds that parental involvement in the higher grades is still important (Davis, 2000; Fan, 2001; Lee, 1994) and does not decrease, but rather, changes focus (Catsambis & Garland, 1997). There is a large amount of quantitative research that shows that adolescent students achieve at a higher level when parents are involved in their student's education (Astone & McLanahan, 1991; Catsambis, 1998; Fan, 2001; Fehrmann, Keith, & Reimers, 2001; Ferguson, 2002; Griffith, 1996; Ho & Willms, 1996; Keith & Keith, 1993; Lee, 1994; Singh et al., 1995; Trusty, 1999)
Encouraging students, having expectations, being involved in the student's education, and helping students make academic achievements all have a positive effect on the achievement of high school students (Henderson & Mapp, 2002).
Further quantitative research supports Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler's research that close supervision or monitoring daily behaviors have negative outcomes on student performance (Astone & McLanahan, 1991; Ho & Willms, 1996; Lee, 1994; Sanders, Epstein, & Connors-Tadros, 1999)
According to the research of Sanders et al (1999) high school teachers can help parents by encouraging a positive parent attitude towards high school, trying to get parents involved with the school, and by providing them with resources and strategies to help learning take place in the home. An empirical study performed by Swick and Hassell (1990) determined that interpersonal support of a child through parental efficacy supported development in children. Teachers can support parents' efficacy through effective communication and by creating relationships with parents (Swick & Broadway, 1997).
Sanders et al (1999) explain that schools that employ these methods of high school parental involvement are thought of as better schools by the parents.
I believe that when teachers ask for parental involvement they are really looking for parental efficacy. Teachers want parents that have the means and will to create a difference in their child's life. When we give parents information through websites or grade portals we are empowering them with the information they need to be involved in their child's school life. They can be empowered to be part of the process – rather than an observer that just watches school happen.
Parental efficacy provides a reason for developing lines of communication that is timely and relative to classroom activity and student performance. When teachers provide knowledge to help parents build their efficacy skills it will pay dividends in their classroom.
What Parents Can Do
I wanted to be clear that this isn't all up to the teacher and school. Parents play a huge part in this as well. David Boers (2002b) searched for the most common suggestions that teachers had for parents. He grouped the responses into nine groups defined by teacher actions:
1. Initiating Communication: Reach out to the teacher.
2. Monitoring Homework: Give attention to homework or follow it up.
3. Parenting and Study Skills: "Know your child" and "Create a work ethic".
4. Getting Involved: Attend conferences and raise concerns.
5. Establishing Student Behavior: spend time with your child and model proper behaviors for them.
6. Responding to Teachers: Provide positive supporting feedback to teachers and support them at home.
7. Emphasizing
8. Responding to Communication: Reply to teachers.
9. Recognizing Health Factors: Provide a healthy diet and require proper sleeping habits (p. 52-53)
In the study seventy percent of the teachers responded that initiating communication is what they need from parents. Teachers want to see parents involved – even at the high school level.
As I mentioned above – parent expectations and involvement are the most powerful factors in student achievement. They are so powerful they can even control for socioeconomic status. Knowing that shouldn't we be giving parents the tools to feel empowered to influence what happens with their child's achievement. It is still true – knowledge is power. On-line 2 way communication allows parents, students, and teachers a constant free flow of information that each can use to make sure that learning isn't left up to chance.
Astone, N. M., & McLanahan, S. S. (1991). Family structure, parental practices and high school completion. American Sociological Review, 56(3), 309-320.
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Multifaceted impact of self-efficacy beliefs on academic functioning. Child Development, 67, 1206-1222.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3).
Boers, D. (2002a). Helping parents help their children succeed in school. Principal, 81(3), 52-53.
Catsambis, S., & Garland, J. E. (1997). Parental involvement in students' education during middle school and high school (No. 18). Baltimore, MD: Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR) Johns Hopkins University.
Davis, D. (2000). Supporting parent, family, and community involvement in your school. Portland, OR: Morthwest Regional Educational Laboratory.
Dornbush, S. M., & Glasgow, K. L. (1996). The structural context of family school relations. In A. Booth & J. F. Dunn (Eds.), Family-school links: How do they affect educational outcomes? (pp. 35-44). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Fan, X. (2001). Parental involvement and students' academic achievement: a growth modeling analysis. The Journal of Experimental Education, 70(1), 27-61.
Fehrmann, P. G., Keith, T. Z., & Reimers, T. M. (2001). Home influence on school learning: Direct and indirect effects of parentsl involvement on high school grades. Journal of Educational Research, 80(6), 330-337.
Ferguson, R. F. (2002). What doesn't meet the eye: Understanding and addressing racial disparities in high-achieving suburban schools. Retrieved 1/10, 2004, from http://www.ncrel.org/gap/ferg/
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Griffith, J. (1996). Relation of parental involvement, empowerment, and school traits to student academic performance. The Journal of Educational Research, 90(1).
Henderson, A. T., & Mapp, K. L. (2002). A new wave of evidence: The impact of school, family, and community connections of student achievement. Austin, TX: National Center for Family & Community Connections with Schools Southwest Educational Development Library.
Ho, E. S.-C., & Willms, D. (1996). Effects of parental achievement of eighth-grade achievement. Sociology of Education, 69(2), 126-141.
Hoffman, D., & Levak, B. A. (2003). Personalizing schools. Educational Leadership, 61(1), 30-34.
Jackson, J. W. (2002). Enhancing self-efficacy and learning performance. Journal of Experimental Education, 70(3), 243-254.
Keith, T. Z., & Keith, P. B. (1993). Does parental involvement affect eighth-grade student achievement? Structural analysis of national data. School Psychology Review, 22(3)
Lee, S. (1994). Family-school connections and student's education: Continuity and change of family involvement from the middle grades to high school. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Osterman, K. F. (2000). Students' need for belonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323-367.
Sanders, M. G., Epstein, J. L., & Connors-Tadros, L. (1999). Family partnerships with high schools: the parents' perspective. Johs Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Singh, K., Bickley, P. G., Keith, T. Z., Keith, P. B., Trivette, P., & Anderson, E. (1995). The effects of four components of parental involvement on eighth-grade student achievement: Structural analysis of NELS-88 data. School Psychology Review, 24(2), 299-318.
Strom, P. S., & Strom, R. D. (2003). Uniting adolescent support systems for safe learning environments. The Educational Forum, 67(2), 164-173.
Swick, K. J., & Hassell, T. (1990). Parental efficacy and the development of social competence in young children. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 17(1), 24-33.
Trusty, J. (1999). Effects of eighth-grade parental involvement on late adolescents' educational experiences. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 32(4), 224-233.
Image: "Self Efficacy" from http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3029/2299974021_f82dd98259.jpg?v=1204313100


text:
Here's the story - please help me diagnose my fault.
1) The bike has been running like a champ since I put it back on the road on January 1st. No operating issues whatsoever at any speed or under different loads.
2) I've been riding the bike every day now for two weeks. My commute is 25 miles each way. No problem.
3) Yesterday I rode with my mates to a bike show 25 miles from my house.
4) On the way home it faltered once. The stumble was short - so short I almost missed it. It did not happen again that day even though I rode for another 30 miles in another direction (went to check out a bike with my Ducati riding buddy).
5) Rode the bike to work this morning as usual.
6) On the ride home - I had traveled about a mile and the bike dies. No partial power - dead. Roll to a stop on the side of the road.
7) It felt like I hit the kill switch - but I didn't and the lights on the dash were on.
8) I turned everything off - then back on and tried again. Lights are all on - and it turns over normally.
9) No start - No pops - no rumbles, no anything except kee-kee-kee-kee-ka-whirrrrrr as I let my finger off the start button.
10) I unplug the computer seems tight. Plug it back in - goes together well - try again - no joy.
11) At that point I push it the one mile back to work and park it. My buddy was ready to give me a ride home so I didn't spend anymore time on it.
12) While I was waiting for him to get the car I tried turning it over a few times and smelled for raw fuel at the tailpipe. Not a great test - but I didn't smell a thing.
So tomorrow I will check for spark using an ignition tester (the brass gap type of device). Assuming I see a spark - what should I check first on the fuel system - power to the pump I suppose. How do I best go about that? (I have a multimeter and know how to use it).
I'm kind of gut-thinking my computer may be toast. Do the systems I describe support that? How does one go about testing the computer?
How do I best test for fuel flow while cranking?
Thanks for any help gents.

subset: commoncrawl


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Industry News for PayDC
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Don't miss out – each provider in your practice may qualify for up to $15,000 this year and $39,000 overall! Reserve your webinar seat now at the PayDC Meaningful Use Webinar. Eager to help the chiropractic profession achieve Meaningful Use and be successful, the webinar will be instructed by industry expert and PayDC Co-Founder, David Klein. He notes, "PayDC was first built as a resource for Chiropractors to ensure compliance. Over the years we haven't strayed from that commitment and we are excited to help move forward that dedication through this Meaningful Use program."
PayDC all-in-one chiropractic software makes it easy for your practice to manage patient care, stay compliant and make more money. Easy, Fast & Affordable. Our innovative software is EHR-certified, cloud-based and fully integrated. Easy-to-use SOAP NOTES to improve detail and compliance. Accurate DOCUMENTATION to maximize collections. Integrated BILLING to easily audit and submit your claims without double-entry. We help you earn reimbursement for MEANINGFUL USE too. Contact us for a FREE DEMO at paydc.com or by calling 888-306-1259.
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April 27, 2010
SANTA BARBARA, Calif. - Senior Anne Marie May was named a 2010 Division I Mid-Major All-American it was announced today by CollegeSwimming.com. She was one of sixteen women and nine men that earned their qualification for the 2010 NCAA Division I Championships. Additionally 183 swimmers, including 10 Gauchos, were given Honorable Mention status by earning NCAA `B' time standards during the 2009-10 season.
May competed in the 50 freestyle and 100 freestyle at the NCAA Championships placing 20th and 37th, respectively. It was her fourth consecutive appearance at the national championships.
The Carmel, Calif. native finished her collegiate career as one of the most decorated swimmers in UCSB history. She was a two-time Big West Women's Swimmer of the Year and won the 50 free conference title all four years of her career and captured three straight 100 free titles (an injury during the Big West Championships prevented her from competing in this year's 100 free race).
UCSB women Emily Adamczyk, Naomi Javanifard, Jessica Schwalb and Katie Stover were named as Honorable Mentions.
Adamczyk earned a NCAA "B" cut in the 200 breaststroke, while Javanifard earned cuts in the 100 butterfly and the100 backstroke. Jessica Schwalb earned a "B" cut in the 400 individual medley and Stover earned hers in the 200 freestyle and 200 backstroke.
On the men's side, Kevin Ferguson, Freeman, Kevin Kuhn, Danny McClary, Chris Peterson and Scott Vogelgesang were recognized with Honorable Mention accolades.
Ferguson earned a "B" cut in the 100 backstroke while Tim Freeman earned cuts in both the 100 and 200 breaststroke. Kuhn had a "B" cut in the 50 free and McClary had three cuts: the 100 butterfly, 200 butterfly and 200 individual medley. Peterson earned his cuts in the 50 and 100 free and Vogelgesang had his in the 200 free and 500 free.
The men's and women's swim teams both finished in second place at the 2010 Big West Championships.
UCSB Athletics has a new weekly radio show called Talk'n Gauchos which airs every Tuesday from 6-7 p.m. on AM 1490 KIST. The show is broadcast live from State & A Bar and Grill, located on the corner of State Street and Anapamu Street in Santa Barbara. Fans are encouraged to attend the show for free gear and ticket giveaways or to even e-mail a question in to one of the guests and have it read live over the air. The show also airs live online via audio streaming and fans can click here to check out the entire lineup of live audio streaming online.


text: On Thursday night, David Letterman marks 20 years on CBS, a length of time that is nearly one-third the age of the network's average viewer (cue rimshot). His guest will be fellow sexagenarian Bill Murray, who was also the guest on Letterman's first show on CBS, in August 1993, and his first late-night show ever, on NBC in 1982. If the pair's 24 previous interviews on 'The Late Show' are any indication, this one will involve a costume, a song, some kind of gag, and the trading of unpleasantries between two men who have settled into a good-natured glumness about their elder statesmanship. Letterman made his initial mark by subverting the talk-show template, and Murray proved an enduring and capable foil by subverting the role of the talk-show guest. They were troublemakers of television, equals in their rebellion. 'I swear, Letterman, if it's the last thing I'm gonna do,' said a 31-year-old Murray during the first 'Late Night,' on Feb. 1, 1982, 'I'm gonna make every second of your life, from this moment on, a living hell.' Nobody would've said that to Johnny Carson, and nobody would say that to Jay Leno. Now Leno is preparing to pass the 'Tonight Show' torch - for real this time - when he airs his last show Feb. 6. The baby boomers, represented by Leno, are surrendering to Jimmy Fallon and Generation X, hoping to also lure millennial viewers and whichever tortured demographic watched the entirety of Sunday's MTV Video Music Awards, at which Fallon, literally genuflecting, introduced Justin Timberlake as if he was Nelson Mandela. 'I am so honored to be standing right here next to you!' Fallon gushed to his fellow 30-something, who was receiving the equivalent of a lifetime achievement award. Letterman, a Kennedy Center honoree last year, would never have given such an obsequious introduction without laying on sarcasm with a trowel. But Fallon's hosting shtick is buddy-buddiness, evidenced by his sunny jam sessions with musicians on his late-night show. Letterman has always been a cynic. Fallon will take over his ratings rival as an optimist, an Eddie Haskell without the smarm, a real ESFP (for you HR types). It'll be grump versus cherub - vs. whatever Jimmy Kimmel is - in the 11:35 p.m. time slot. Letterman's contract is up next year, and in an interview with The Washington Post in November, he implied that he can't see beyond a 25th anniversary with CBS. As for an heir to 'The Late Show,' he pulled a familiar name out of the air. 'I would be eager to see what the next thing is,' Letterman said during the interview, which took place in his production offices in New York. 'And I don't wanna keep jumping up and down for Jimmy Fallon, but I think - I can't tell whether he's figured something out, or, I dunno. I don't think he's radically different enough for the form to say it's breakthrough, but he's doing different things that people respond to.' Fallon, of course, was offered the 'Tonight Show' job and took it. Regardless, we are witnessing the final years of David Letterman's late-night career, which has staked territory for rough-hewn absurdity in an otherwise polished and regimented environment. For 20 years, 'The Late Show' has been Letterman's attempt to conjure chaos within the strict talk-show format, whether by inviting and then needling unpredictable guests, hurling objects off the top floor of his building at 53rd and Broadway, or rendering zany non-sequiturs into a Top 10 list. As always, Letterman will mark a special milestone in this career with his peer in sarcasm, Bill Murray. There was Bill, in 1982, performing Olivia Newton-John's 'Physical' after his sit-down interview. There was Bill, in 1993, promoting 'Groundhog Day' on the last 'Late Night' and spray-painting 'DAVE!' on Letterman's desk on the first 'Late Show.' There was Bill, in December, turning his entrance into a rendition gag, arriving on the stage of the Ed Sullivan Theater after being hooded and tasered, because why not? Murray has shown up in football gear, a smoking jacket and beret, and, most extravagantly, on crutches and wearing an ushanka, with a sequined magenta leotard underneath a winter coat. Paul Shaffer always plays him on with 'Physical' or the theme to 'Star Wars,' which Murray memorably set to words on 'Saturday Night Live' during the Carter administration. Letterman knows to step out of his way, and Murray knows how to push the host's buttons. 'Well, I got a message, a phone call, in my dressing room from a hysterical woman,' Murray said in 1994, speaking in a frontiers-y accent and wearing a cowboy getup. 'May I borrow your phone for a moment, please?' 'Bill, I'm going to ask you to stop talking like that,' Letterman said. 'Or I'll take your little kerchief there, tighten it up and hook it to a bus on Broadway.' They laughed, and Letterman gave him the phone, and Murray called Letterman's mother, and told her that her son hadn't given up smoking, and then asked about Indiana's corn crop. In 2007, to celebrate Letterman's 25th year on late-night TV, Murray showed up in a top hat and tuxedo, uncorked a bottle of champagne and then asked for the phone to call CBS chief Les Moonves for Super Bowl tickets. In June 2012, Murray, inspired by the Tupac Shakur hologram at Coachella, appeared with his own hologram. Murray, by virtue of his comic legacy and carefree attitude toward stardom, has stayed relevant with the 18-to-35 demographic, and Letterman has stayed relevant, in part, by booking people like Murray with high frequency. Charged next year with ferrying 'The Tonight Show' into a new era while maintaining the institution's dedicated older viewership, Jimmy Fallon's best move might be to snag Murray as his first guest, and then offer him a standing invitation when Letterman retires.


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We've got more "evolution" going on in Congress.
In yet another poll-reading flip-flop, Congressman Paul Ryan now says that he supports gay adoption. Ryan was last fall's vice-presidential candidate — and the hope of values voters — on the Republican ticket. One of his first first actions in that race was to weaken his stand on abortion. Congressman Ryan voted against allowing homosexuals to adopt children in the past, but that, as they say, was then.
I doubt very much that he's evolved on issues such as corporate welfare and taxing the middle class to give to the rich. I'll bet he still has never met a tank or a gun, a bomb or a war he didn't like and that his desire to raid social security is as strong today as it was yesterday.
My quibble here isn't so much with the Congressman's opinion itself as that he clearly can't be trusted to stick with what he says are his values concerning so-called moral issues. Of course, he's not alone in this. There's so much "evolving" going on in the political sector that it's dizzying.
Maybe these elected officials should just give a proxy for their votes to Gallup polls and save themselves the trouble of going in to work.
From The Christian Science Monitor:
The forum was a town-hall meeting in his home state of Wisconsin. Asked a question on gay rights, Ryan said that in 1999 or 2000, he had voted against allowing adoptions by same-sex couples in the District of Columbia, but that he'd be a "yea" on that issue if it came up today.
"I do believe that if there are children who are orphans who do not have a loving person or couple – I think if a person wants to love and raise a child, they ought to be able to do that. Period. I would vote that way. I do believe marriage is between a man and a woman; we just respectfully disagree on that issue," Ryan said.
The Wisconsin lawmaker elaborated a bit on this position in remarks to a local television reporter, saying he'd felt that way for years, but he's never talked about it publicly. He gave no indication if a defining moment or event caused the change of heart. (Read the rest here.)


text:
The Martian crater Gusev, with Ma'adim Vallis snaking into it
|Aeolis quadrangle
|14°30′S 175°24′E / 14.5°S 175.4°ECoordinates: 14°30′S 175°24′E / 14.5°S 175.4°E[1]
|166 km
|Matvey Gusev
Gusev is a crater on the planet Mars and is located at 14°30′S 175°24′E / 14.5°S 175.4°E and is in the Aeolis quadrangle. The crater is about 166 kilometers in diameter and formed approximately three to four billion years ago. It was named after Russian astronomer Matvei Gusev (1826–1866) in 1976.
A channel system named Ma'adim Vallis drains into it that probably carried liquid water, or water and ice, at some point in Mars' past. The crater appears to be an old crater lake bed, filled with sediments up to 3000 feet thick.[2][dubious ] Some exposed outcrops appear to show faint layering, and some researchers also believe that landforms visible in images of the mouth of Ma'adim Vallis where it enters Gusev resemble landforms seen in some terrestrial river deltas[according to whom?]. Deltas of this nature can take tens or hundreds of thousands of years to form on Earth, suggesting that the water flows may have lasted for long periods. Orbital images indicate that there may once have been a very large lake near the source of Ma'adim Vallis that could have provided the source of this water. It is not known whether this flow was slow and continuous, punctuated by sporadic large outbursts, or some combination of these patterns.
More recently, satellite images showed the trails of dust devils on Gusev's floor. The Spirit rover later photographed dust devils from the ground, and likely owes much of its longevity to dust devils cleaning its solar panels.
On January 3, 2004, Gusev was the landing site of the first of NASA's two Mars Exploration Rovers, named Spirit. It was hoped that the numerous smaller and more recent craters in this region would have exposed sedimentary material from early eras, although at first the region proved disappointing in its lack of available bedrock for study on the flat lava plains of the crater. It eventually arrived at the Columbia Hills, however, and rocks examined in that region showed evidence of small amounts of briny (salty) water interacting with them in ancient times,[3] although not nearly as much as at Meridiani Planum, the landing area for Spirit's twin, Opportunity. In 2009, Spirit became stuck in the soil of the region, and in 2010 went offline after a harsh Martian winter. Gusev is also considered a potential landing site for the Mars 2020 rover.
Spirit Rover's rocks and minerals discoveries on Mars
The rocks on the plains of Gusev are a type of basalt. They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes (geologists would say they have vesicles and vugs).[4][5] Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of the local rocks. Fairly high levels of nickel were found in some soils; probably from meteorites.[6] Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds. All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material. One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT).[7]
There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills (Mars), some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water.
The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic. Moreover, Spirit found the magnetism was caused by the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium. One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic.[8] The spectra of the dust was similar to spectra of bright, low thermal inertia regions like Tharsis and Arabia that have been detected by orbiting satellites. A thin layer of dust, maybe less than one millimeter thick covers all surfaces. Something in it contains a small amount of chemically bound water.[9][10]
Observations of rocks on the plains show they contain the minerals pyroxene, olivine, plagioclase, and magnetite. These rocks can be classified in different ways. The amounts and types of minerals make the rocks primitive basalts—also called picritic basalts. The rocks are similar to ancient terrestrial rocks called basaltic komatiites. Rocks of the plains also resemble the basaltic shergottites, meteorites which came from Mars. One classification system compares the amount of alkali elements to the amount of silica on a graph; in this system, Gusev plains rocks lie near the junction of basalt, picrobasalt, and tephrite. The Irvine-Barager classification calls them basalts.[4] Plain's rocks have been very slightly altered, probably by thin films of water because they are softer and contain veins of light colored material that may be bromine compounds, as well as coatings or rinds. It is thought that small amounts of water may have gotten into cracks inducing mineralization processes.[5][4] Coatings on the rocks may have occurred when rocks were buried and interacted with thin films of water and dust. One sign that they were altered was that it was easier to grind these rocks compared to the same types of rocks found on Earth.
An approximate true-color view of the rock nicknamed Adirondack, taken by Spirit's pancam
Columbia Hills
Scientists found a variety of rock types in the Columbia Hills, and they placed them into six different categories. The six are: Clovis, Wishbone, Peace, Watchtower, Backstay, and Independence. They are named after a prominent rock in each group. Their chemical compositions, as measured by APXS, are significantly different from each other.[11] Most importantly, all of the rocks in Columbia Hills show various degrees of alteration due to aqueous fluids.[12] They are enriched in the elements phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and bromine—all of which can be carried around in water solutions. The Columbia Hills' rocks contain basaltic glass, along with varying amounts of olivine and sulfates.[13][14] The olivine abundance varies inversely with the amount of sulfates. This is exactly what is expected because water destroys olivine but helps to produce sulfates.
The Clovis group is especially interesting because the Mössbauer spectrometer(MB) detected goethite in it.[15] Goethite forms only in the presence of water, so its discovery is the first direct evidence of past water in the Columbia Hills's rocks. In addition, the MB spectra of rocks and outcrops displayed a strong decline in olivine presence,[13] although the rocks probably once contained much olivine.[16] Olivine is a marker for the lack of water because it easily decomposes in the presence of water. Sulfate was found, and it needs water to form. Wishstone contained a great deal of plagioclase, some olivine, and anhydrate (a sulfate). Peace rocks showed sulfur and strong evidence for bound water, so hydrated sulfates are suspected. Watchtower class rocks lack olivine consequently they may have been altered by water. The Independence class showed some signs of clay (perhaps montmorillonite a member of the smectite group). Clays require fairly long term exposure to water to form. One type of soil, called Paso Robles, from the Columbia Hills, may be an evaporate deposit because it contains large amounts of sulfur, phosphorus, calcium, and iron.[17] Also, MB found that much of the iron in Paso Robles soil was of the oxidized, Fe+++ form, which would happen if water had been present.[9]
Towards the middle of the six-year mission (a mission that was supposed to last only 90 days), large amounts of pure silica were found in the soil. The silica could have come from the interaction of soil with acid vapors produced by volcanic activity in the presence of water or from water in a hot spring environment.[18]
After Spirit stopped working scientists studied old data from the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer, or Mini-TES and confirmed the presence of large amounts of carbonate-rich rocks, which means that regions of the planet may have once harbored water. The carbonates were discovered in an outcrop of rocks called "Comanche."[19][20]
In summary, Spirit found evidence of slight weathering on the plains of Gusev, but no evidence that a lake was there. However, in the Columbia Hills there was clear evidence for a moderate amount of aqueous weathering. The evidence included sulfates and the minerals goethite and carbonates which only form in the presence of water. It is believed that Gusev crater may have held a lake long ago, but it has since been covered by igneous materials. All the dust contains a magnetic component which was identified as magnetite with some titanium. Furthermore, the thin coating of dust that covers everything on Mars is the same in all parts of Mars.
Features within Gusev
- The Columbia Hills is a range of low hills 3 km from Spirit's original landing site; Spirit explored within them
- Husband Hill is one of these hills
- McCool Hill is the tallest of the Columbia Hills
- Larry's Lookout is within Columbia Hills
- The Apollo 1 Hills are three widely spaced hills 7–14 km away from Spirit's landing site
- Bonneville is a 200-metre crater visited by Spirit
- Crivitz is a smaller crater located within Gusev
- Thira is a crater located within Gusev, and could be seen from the summit of Husband Hill
- Sleepy Hollow is a shallow depression near Spirit's landing site
- Adirondack is the name of the first rock visited by Spirit
- Home Plate is a layered geological feature recently studied by Spirit
Landing site
Gusev crater was one of three candidates for a landing site for Mars 2020 as of 2017.[21] Specifically, Colombia Hills is being targeted, which was previously explored by Spirit rover.[21] Previously Gusev crater was selected and soft-landed on by the Spirit rover, which after several years of activity stopped communicating in 2010
Other landing site candidates for the Mars 2020 rover, by 2017, were Northeast Syrtis (Syrtis Major)and Jezero crater.[21]
In popular culture
- Gusev Crater is the landing site of the Mars Consortium mission in Gregory Benford's 1999 novel The Martian Race.[22]
- The setting of the Doctor Who episode "The Waters of Mars" is Bowie Base One, in Gusev Crater.[23]
- Gusev Crater is featured in the science fiction TV series Defying Gravity as the location of the Alpha extraterrestrial signal central to the plot. It was also the landing location of the failed Mars mission that took place in 2042.
Interactive Mars map
See also
- Aeolis quadrangle
- Composition of Mars
- Geography of Mars
- Geology of Mars
- Impact crater
- Impact event
- List of craters on Mars
- Ore resources on Mars
- Planetary nomenclature
- Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission
- Spirit rover for Spirit's journey within Gusev
- ^ "Gusev". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
- ^ Burnham, Robert (9 April 2014). "Gusev Crater once held a lake after all, says ASU Mars scientist". Arizona State University. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
- ^ "Aqueous processes at Gusev crater inferred from physical properties of rocks and soils along the Spirit traverse". AGU.
- ^ a b c McSween; et al. (2004). "Basaltic Rocks Analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater". Science. 305 (5685): 842–845. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..842M. doi:10.1126/science.3050842. PMID 15297668.
- ^ a b Arvidson, R. E.; et al. (2004). "Localization and Physical Properties Experiments Conducted by Spirit at Gusev Crater". Science. 305 (5685): 821–824. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..821A. doi:10.1126/science.1099922. PMID 15297662.
- ^ Gelbert, R.; et al. (2006). "The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS): results from Gusev crater and calibration report". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 111 (E2): n/a. Bibcode:2006JGRE..111.2S05G. doi:10.1029/2005je002555. hdl:2060/20080026124.
- ^ Christensen, P. (August 2004). "Initial Results from the Mini-TES Experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover". Science. 305 (5685): 837–842. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..837C. doi:10.1126/science.1100564. PMID 15297667.
- ^ Bertelsen, P.; et al. (2004). "Magnetic Properties on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater". Science. 305 (5685): 827–829. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..827B. doi:10.1126/science.1100112. PMID 15297664.
- ^ a b Bell, J., ed. (2008). The Martian Surface. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86698-9.
- ^ Gelbert, R.; et al. (2004). "Chemistry of Rocks and Soils in Gusev Crater from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer". Science. 305 (5685): 829–32. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..829G. doi:10.1126/science.1099913. PMID 15297665.
- ^ Squyres, S.; et al. (2006). "Rocks of the Columbia Hills". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 111 (E2): n/a. Bibcode:2006JGRE..111.2S11S. doi:10.1029/2005je002562.
- ^ Ming, D.; et al. (2006). "Geochemical and mineralogical indicators for aqueous processes in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 111 (E2): n/a. Bibcode:2006JGRE..111.2S12M. doi:10.1029/2005je002560.
- ^ a b Schroder, C.; et al. (2005). European Geosciences Union, General Assembly, Geophysical Research Abstr. 7: 10254. Missing or empty
- ^ Christensen, P.R. (23–27 May 2005). "Mineral Composition and Abundance of the Rocks and Soils at Gusev and Meridiani from the Mars Exploration Rover Mini-TES Instruments". AGU Joint Assembly.
- ^ Klingelhofer, G.; et al. (2005). Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXVI: abstr. 2349. Missing or empty
- ^ Morris, S.; et al. (2006). "Mossbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Gusev crater, Mars: Spirit's journal through weakly altered olivine basalt on the plains and pervasively altered basalt in the Columbia Hills". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 111 (E2): n/a. Bibcode:2006JGRE..111.2S13M. doi:10.1029/2005je002584.
- ^ Ming, D.; et al. (2006). "Geochemical and mineralogical indicators for aqueous processes in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater, Mars" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 111: n/a. Bibcode:2006JGRE..111.2S12M. doi:10.1029/2005je002560.
- ^ "Mars Rover Spirit Unearths Surprise Evidence of Wetter Past". NASA. 2007-05-21.
- ^ Morris, R. V.; Ruff, S. W.; Gellert, R.; Ming, D. W.; Arvidson, R. E.; Clark, B. C.; Golden, D. C.; Siebach, K.; Klingelhofer, G.; Schroder, C.; Fleischer, I.; Yen, A. S.; Squyres, S. W. (2010). "Outcrop of long-sought rare rock on Mars found". Science. 329 (5990): 421–424. Bibcode:2010Sci...329..421M. doi:10.1126/science.1189667. PMID 20522738.
- ^ Morris, Richard V.; Ruff, Steven W.; Gellert, Ralf; Ming, Douglas W.; Arvidson, Raymond E.; Clark, Benton C.; Golden, D. C.; Siebach, Kirsten; et al. (3 June 2010). "Identification of Carbonate-Rich Outcrops on Mars by the Spirit Rover". Science. 329 (5990): 421–4. Bibcode:2010Sci...329..421M. doi:10.1126/science.1189667. PMID 20522738.
- ^ a b c "Scientists Shortlist Three Landing Sites for Mars 2020". NASA/JPL. 11 February 2017. Retrieved 2017-02-15.
- ^ Benford, Gregory (1999). The Martian Race. New York: Warner Aspect. ISBN 978-0-446-52633-3. LCCN 99-049124.
- ^ Davies, Russell T; Ford, Phil (March 3, 2009). "The Waters of Mars" (PDF). BBC Books. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gusev Crater.
- Google Mars zoomable map - centered on Gusev
- Colored THEMIS VIS picture, inside the crater


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Laguiole salami box with knife, l 32 cm,box l 32.5 x w 7.5 x h 10 cm, polished brass bolsters, tropical wood
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Manufacturer: Claude Dozorme - Laguiole
incl. 19 % VAT
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Informationen zu möglichen Raten
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product description
Enjoyment slice by slice - is guaranteed with this exceptional Laguiole invention. It meets any need of salami lovers, because it can be used for storage and as a perfect shaped cutting block. In the box your air dried salami may ripen further, whereas a perfect climate is provided by screened air holes. Open the sliding cover, take out the salami and slice it comfortably in the designated groove. Enjoy already the cutting of your salami with the precisely serrated Laguiole carving knife. - A precious knife from the French cutlery manufacturer Claude Dozorme at Thiers. Forged from one piece of top quality steel and shiny polished, for highest comfort. and exceptional surface feel and visual appearance. - Purfled with the bee as the typical Laguiole design element. - A pleasure for all senses. - Laguiole salami box with knife - Available in 10 different handle variations.


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Believe that bankruptcy will never happen to you? That's great, but businesses large and small that have survived the recession shouldn't let their guard down just yet, advises Susan Tose Spencer, an entrepreneur, lawyer and former minority owner, general manager and vice president of the Philadelphia Eagles football franchise.
Having participated in a number of businesses over the last 25 years—which included heading up her own companies and facing $1 million in debt with one failed meat packing venture in New Jersey—Spencer is familiar with the financial toll and emotional beating that goes along with trying to save a company on its last legs.
"If you are a small business owner that is still in business after the most recent economic downturn, that doesn't mean you are out of the woods," says Spencer, author of a book titled, "Briefcase Essentials: Discover Your 12 Natural Talents for Achieving Success in a Male-Dominated Workplace." "There are many telltale signs that you need to consider, face the facts about the health of your business, and then come up with a strategy."
Here are five tips from Spencer on how to make the best out of a negative situation:
Tip 1: Face the Truth
- Is your company running a negative cash flow on a regular basis?
- If the answer is yes, it's time to consider your options.
- Are you prepared to put more personal money into your business?
- If the answer is no, you probably will not be able to arrange a loan from any conventional sources and unless you can quickly turn around your cash flow you might run out of gas.
Tip 2: Maximize Your Cash Management
- Can you stretch your payables further by negotiating longer payment terms?
- Can you speed up collection of your receivables?
- Can you reduce your operating expenses and furlough or convert employees to part-time workers?
Tip 3: Look Objectively at Hard and Soft Assets, and Customer Lists
- If you have been in business a few years, it is likely you have transferable assets with real value (actual and intangible) to a competitor.
- Examine your unique systems, formulas and operating procedures that can add value to another company.
- Take a thorough inventory of everything the company possesses.
- Examine your customer list one customer at a time and consider how each customer would fit in with another similar company and whether you could convince them to make that transition.
Tip 4: Identify Competitors That Might Be Interested in Your Company
- The most positive solution to closing a business is to find another company that will benefit from what you have and will pay money (or assume debt) for it.
- Select no more than two potential targets( your best picks) because if the word gets out that you are selling your company you might lose customers and employees before you can work out a suitable transfer
- Remember this is a "beauty contest," so plan every detail before you approach a competitor and keep it 100% positive.
- Before you pitch a competitor, know what you want out of the deal.
- Keep your activities under the radar screen for maximum benefit.
Tip 5: Know What You Are Selling and Have Facts and Figures Ready
- Make sure you exchange confidentiality agreements before you start.
- Give your best sales pitch on how your competitor will benefit by adding your company and its customers.
- If there is real interest walk away with an agreed-upon outline.
- Follow up quickly and try to wrap up the transfer in 30 days—max.
- Close the deal and take a long sigh of relief that you can walk away with something to show for all your effort and then move on!
Read '7 Tips for Couples on How to Achieve Money Happiness' at AdvisorOne.com.


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WALTHAM, Mass. – On the second day of the University Athletic Association tournament, the Brandeis University softball team split its two contests. The Judges scored in each of their final five at-bats, including three runs in the sixth inning, to get past the University of Rochester, 7-6, in their opener. In the second game, Case Western Reserve belted two home runs en route to a 10-2 six-inning victory. The Judges now stand at 5-4 overall, 1-3 in the UAA. UR is 0-6, 0-2 UAA, while Case is 5-4, 2-1 UAA.
In the first game, Brandeis trailed, 5-2, after Rochester scored three runs in the top of the fourth. The Judges cut into the lead in the fourth on a sacrifice fly by rookie SS Madison Gagnon (Westlake Village, Calif./Westlake) and an infield out by classmate Madison Sullivan (Dover, N.H./Dover) in the fifth.
In the sixth, the Judges tied the game as sophomore CF Amanda Genovese (North Haven, Conn./North Haven) continued her tear on the base paths. Genovese led off the frame with a single back to the circle. She stole second and third and scored on an errant throw. With the bases empty again, Gagnon poked a ground-rule double, and rookie 2B Danielle Novotny (Milford, N.J./Delaware Valley) reached on a fielder's choice. After junior 1B Melissa Nolan (Windsor, Conn./Loomis Chafee) advanced the runners to second and third, sophomore catcher Cori Coleman (Burr Ridge, Ill./Hinsdale South) knocked a ball that was booted by the first baseman. Coleman got caught up in a pickle between first and second, allowing both runners to score as the Judges took a 7-5 lead.
Rochester got one of the three runs back in the seventh on a one-out home run by Gena Bradford Tume, but Brandeis sophomore Nikki Cote (Shelton, Conn./St. Joseph's) retired the final two batters on ground balls to second base to close out the 7-6 win. Cote improved to 3-2 on the season with her third complete game.
In the second game of the day against Case, Genovese again got things started with her legs in the first inning, stealing two more bases to raise her total to 15 on the season. She scored on a single to left by classmate Anya Kamber (Sammamish, Wash./Skyline).
Case responded with a manufactured run of their own in the bottom of the frame, as 2B Molly O'Brien singled and stole second. After 3B Rachel Komar followed with a bunt single, the two executed a double steal to knot the game at 1-1. Two batters later, after a single, the Spartans took the lead for good on a two-run home run by DP Gena Roberts. Case made it a 4-1 lead in the bottom of the second when LF Ashley Parello launched a lead-off home run to right field.
The Judges got a run back in the fourth on Kamber's second RBI of the game, a fielder's choice that scored Novotny, but the Spartans blew things open on a Parello RBI single in the fifth and five more runs in the sixth, when Parello ended the game with a two-run double that invoked the eight-run rule. Nolan fell to 1-2 on the season for the Judges, allowing four earned runs on six hits in one-plus innings of work. Senior Casey Ducinksi (Duxbury, Mass./Duxbury) allowed six runs, only two of which were earned, in 4.2 innings of relief. Kamber finished with two of Brandeis's five hits and both RBI. Case pounded out a season-high 17 hits, including three each for Parello and Komar, in support of Rebecca Taylor, who improved to 6-3 for the Spartans.
Brandeis returns to action tomorrow against fourth-ranked Emory in a rematch of the first game of the tournament, won by the Eagles, 16-7.


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At state Route 79 and San Felipe Road — Highway S2 — lies a small dirt parking lot that just about everyone who is even a bit familiar with the area knows. Park there and look around.
To the west is Lake Henshaw. To the north and east and south is an expanse of grass, tamarisk and cottonwood. A gorgeous panorama of openness. Holstein cows by the thousands graze in groups all over the property.
It looks much as it has for hundreds of years.
And the land — all that you can see, right up to the base of the surrounding mountains — is owned by a water district that serves Vista and other areas near that city roughly 50 miles away.
The Vista Irrigation District owns Lake Henshaw, a water source for thousands of North County residents, and 66 square miles (43,000 acres) of watershed land around it. To put that in perspective, the VID land is nearly twice the size of Escondido, more than four times the size of El Cajon, 43 percent larger than Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, and more than twice the size of the Los Coyotes Indian Reservation, the largest reservation in the county.
It has been publicly owned ever since the district bought the lake and the land in 1946. But it's unlike other public land. It's not a place that welcomes visitors. "No trespassing" signs are posted everywhere.
"While it is technically public land, people are confused by that," said Don Smith, the director of water resources for the district. "When they think 'public land,' they think 'national forest' or 'state parks,' where the mission is public access and recreation.
"We don't manage it that way. We own it for watershed, water protection, cattle grazing, things like that. The public doesn't have entrance rights beyond certain defined things such as the lake."
The property was once known as Warner Ranch. William Henshaw bought the land in 1922. He formed the San Diego Water Co. and built a dam, creating Lake Henshaw.
The idea was to provide water to San Diego, but the quickly growing city to the southwest found other sources, and so Henshaw built a canal system that took water from Lake Henshaw to Lake Wohlford near Escondido. The water then flows into Dixon Lake in Escondido, which is filled with imported water. Those two sources are mixed at a water treatment facility near Dixon Lake and then taken by flume to homes, businesses and farms in Vista and Escondido.
On average, about 30 percent of the water consumed by the district's 125,000 customers comes from Lake Henshaw. That percentage changes from year to year depending on rainfall, although much of the lake's water comes from another source.
Go back to the dirt parking lot and look again. What you don't see are a number of large electric water pumps throughout the property.
Lake Henshaw is mostly filled not with rainwater these days, but with water pumped from a huge aquifer beneath the land.
"We have quite a few wells up there," said Roy Coox, the general manager of the water district. "We own a large part of that valley, and under that valley is the largest groundwater basin in San Diego County. It's a matter of getting it out. We pump water from the wells, which then goes into ditches, which then goes into the lake."
Coox would prefer that the lake be filled with rainwater, because it can cost the district about $100,000 a month in electricity to run the pumps.
"That was the original intention, and that's why the dam was built," Coox said. "But what's been happening lately, whether it's climate change or whatever, we've had some very dry years over the last decade, to a point where the lake would have dried up if not for the fact we could pump well water into it."
At one time, Lake Henshaw held far more water than it can now.
In the early 1980s, a seismic study was done showing that the earthen dam, which sits atop an earthquake fault, would be unable to withstand a big quake. The result was that a backup rock-filled dam was built behind the first one and the water level was taken down significantly.
Once, more than 200,000 acre-feet of water could be stored in Henshaw. One acre-foot equals 325,851 gallons. Today it's about 5,000 acre-feet, a number that could grow in the spring, should the rains come, to 10,000 or 15,000, Smith said.
During any one month, the dam can release about 3,000 acre-feet of water into the canals.
Perhaps the single best view, the best way to see as much of the property as possible at once, is from a Cleveland National Forest lookout a short ways up East Grade Road off state Route 76 just west of the lake.
"Welcome to my office," Smith said, gesturing at the vast valley below.
The district employs three people who live with their families in homes next to the dam. Much of their time is spent maintaining and repairing the wells.
The beauty, many would say, is that it is unlikely the property will ever be developed.
Over the years, the district has entertained proposals for various projects, but building houses there would require water.
"Development is something we have tried to prevent," Coox said. "No. 1, it would compete for the water supply. We want as much water getting into the lake and then coming down to our ratepayers rather than having it used up there."
Development would also bring water-quality issues.
"If you have houses, you have runoff, stormwater, sewage," Coox said. "What do you do with all that? It could impact the water supply."
Development would be forbidden under an agreement reached, after lengthy litigation, with a number of local Indian tribes over water rights. The lawsuit has been settled but is still awaiting federal approval.
"Our board of directors has always historically said we have no interest in developing because our primary purpose is to keep all that land available for water," Coox said.
"It's terrific that the irrigation district is protecting the land and has done so more than 50 years," said John Randall, associate science director for the Nature Conservancy in California.
"It yields pure, fresh water and has the co-benefit, from our perspective, of protecting a big wildlife habitat."
Randall said he has seen the property from the air many times.
"I know how varied and fantastic it is," he said.


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New carbon monoxide detection devices requirements in Truckee announced
TRUCKEE, Calif. – Effective Jan. 1, 2013, carbon monoxide detection devices are required in existing dwellings and sleeping units in the state of California. Dwelling and sleeping units include apartments, lodging houses, dormitories, hotels, motels, condominiums, time shares and cooperatives.
Previously, carbon monoxide detection devices were only required in existing single-family homes. That requirement went into effect on July 1, 2011, implementing the Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Prevention Act of 2010.
Building codes now require the installation of carbon monoxide detection devices in all new and existing dwelling units that have a fossil fuel burning heater or appliance, a fireplace, or an attached garage. Fossil fuel includes coal, natural gas, propane, wood, kerosene and oil.
Carbon monoxide detection devices must be approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal (SFM) and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. In dwellings, the devices must be installed on every level including basements and shall be centrally located outside of sleeping areas.
In existing construction, alarms may be battery operated or may be of the plug-in type with battery backup. In new construction, devices shall be hardwired, equipped with battery backup and interconnected so that when one alarm sounds, they all do.
Carbon monoxide devices may be combined with smoke alarms provided they are SFM-approved, tested, listed and certified, and the combined device emits an alarm or voice warning that clearly differentiates between a carbon monoxide alarm warning and a smoke detector warning.
When a permit is issued for alterations, repairs or additions in an existing dwelling and the valuation of work exceeds $1,000, the Building Division will check for both smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors. This includes furnace or water heater change out, kitchen or bathroom remodeling, or other alteration or addition permits. On final inspection, building inspectors will confirm carbon monoxide devices are installed. If they are not installed, a re-inspection fee may be charged.
A violation of this law is an infraction punishable by a maximum fine of $200.
For more information see California Health and Safety Code Sections 13261 and 17926 at http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/index.html or contact town of Truckee Chief Building Official Michael Lavallee at 530-582-2905.


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"I Thought I Was a Good Friend Until..."
Names have been changed to protect privacy.
I figured I'd never hear from Stephanie again after we finished college. She was one in a string of seven girls I shared a living space with during those four years: She occupied the bottom bunk for a semester of our junior year before moving off campus, while I, carless, had to stay behind.
I liked Stephanie, at least as far as I knew her. She was a debate-team captain. She snacked on peanut M&Ms while studying (environmental studies, mostly). And her dating history involved a sad list of beer bong–toting frat boys (whose didn't at that point?) and Pete, a good-natured guy she started hanging out with whenever she had nothing better going on during our last month as roommates. After she moved out, we ran into each other once in a while, but lost touch after graduation. So I was surprised to get a call from her 18 months later, inviting me to be a bridesmaid at her wedding. I had to ask who the groom was! I coauldn't imagine it was Placeholder Pete. But yes—"Oh, right! Pete! Great!"
Not really so great, though, I secretly thought. Stephanie never seemed all that into him. She basically treated Pete as her backup plan: If she didn't have a sorority social to attend or laundry to do, or if no better option came along on Saturday night, well, she had Pete to cuddle with on the couch. He was like the archetypal nice guy in a sitcom, Ted Mosby in How I Met Your Mother—likeable, one of the guys, but with no gravitational pull. Maybe, I thought, she just hadn't come across a more desirable suitor. Or maybe she'd figured a lukewarm relationship is as good as it gets.
Then again, who was I to judge the temperature of their romance? Could be that this patient guy who washed her car and always let her win at tennis was exactly what she wanted. How was I to know? My connection to Stephanie went little deeper than a shared kitchen, a mutual fondness for watching Letterman and a willingness to jot down each other's phone messages. Theoretically, the bride asks her nearest and dearest to suit up in pastel chiffon, but I was far from that. Frankly, I don't know why she'd asked me—my best guess was that she had to call in enough bridesmaids to match Pete's groomsman head count. But I was flattered and only too happy to send her my dress and shoe size.
The wedding was to be held four months later in a suburban church attached to a school, and I flew into town shortly before the rehearsal dinner. The atmosphere there was festive: I caught up with a few mutual friends—nobody I'd kept in touch with—but I didn't end up having any one-on-one time with Stephanie. From my table, she looked like her usual bubbly, upbeat self, and Pete like the same dependable guy I remembered. For better or worse, nothing appeared to have changed.
Then, amid the wine-fueled small talk, another acquaintance of Stephanie's leaned over and whispered, "She and Pete are never going to make it. I don't know what she's doing." Instinctively, I agreed. I knew I was only a casual observer, but my gut told me that Stephanie still wasn't that into Pete, and this stranger's blunt statement cemented my own nagging suspicion. But when he shook his head and said, "Hey, it's not my place to bring this up with her now," he read my mind. I just wasn't close enough to Stephanie to take her aside and question her biggest life decision. To be honest, while I thought it was sad that she was marrying the wrong guy, I wasn't that worked up about it: It wasn't my life. So I mentally dropped it.
When I met up with the bridal party the next day to prep for the ceremony, the air was filled with a palpable giddiness. We all gathered in a bright orange classroom off the sanctuary, sitting in tiny chairs to pull on our pantyhose and satin shoes. A gaggle of excited young women, all but one of us swathed in emerald green, we talked fast, drank champagne and passed around the hairspray.
Then I stepped out to use the restroom, and when I returned, the mood had inexplicably changed. Stephanie was wailing, her makeup running down her face, chest heaving. "I can't do this," she gasped. "I don't want to be here. I can't do this!" The other bridesmaids were perched around her, plying her with bubbly and soothing words. "It's just nerves." "Every bride gets the jitters!"
I watched them from the doorway, frozen. I had met only one of these girls before, and I didn't have a sense of which one of us knew Stephanie best. But surely, I thought, one of these women had been in the trenches with her when she'd decided to marry Pete. And if I could sense how tepid this relationship was, someone closer to her must have seen it, too, and would tell her to back out. Now!
I waited for someone else to say the words, knowing that I couldn't be the one to do it. Who has the right to tell a bride to call off her wedding 10 minutes before it starts? Someone she trusts, someone she knows loves her, someone for whom speaking even a painful truth would be the natural outgrowth of a real, close bond. None of those someones was me.
But no one else stepped up. I felt helpless to act, not because I wasn't brave enough, but because I was the distant former roommate, a dress filler. I hadn't earned the right to tell her the truth, even if it could save her from making a huge life-damaging mistake. Our friendship was completely superficial. That had seemed like enough to me before. But in those terrible moments, I knew this wasn't really friendship. I edged into the room, sat on a tiny table and folded my hands in my lap.
Stephanie composed herself, and someone fixed her makeup. She looked lovely as she made her way down the aisle and said her vows. We all drank cocktails and danced the Electric Slide. I tried to convince myself my gut was wrong, it was just nerves. I boarded a plane home the next day, relieved to be out of there.
Two years later I heard from Stephanie again, this time in a chatty email. She talked about old friends, her new job, oh, and her divorce from Pete. My memory is that she wrote something dismissive like, "Don't worry, I'm moving on. I'm happy."
I remembered how awful it had felt, watching her anguish on her wedding day. But even now, knowing that I'd been dead-on—that my insight might have saved her two years of marital misery—I don't regret not advising her to call off the wedding. I don't think she would have accepted what I had to say, anyway, and she would have been right not to. Everyone deserves a confidante who's close (and brave) enough to share the hard truths, not an acquaintance who blurts out whatever she thinks. What I really regret is that in the years before the wedding, I hadn't put in the time, effort and caring to be the friend who could have made the difference.
Photo Credit: Lyle Gregg/Getty Images


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NEMA's Primary Industrial Controls Index decreased 1.6% on a quarter-to-quarter basis during the fourth quarter of 2012. However, the index stands 5.1% above its year-ago level and 43% above the cyclical trough observed in mid-2009. Nonetheless, inflation- and seasonally adjusted shipments still remain below the pre-recession peak reached in 2007. The Primary Industrial Controls and Adjustable Speed Drives Index, a broader measure of industrial controls demand, also posted a slight decline during the fourth quarter of 2012, falling 0.3% following a 1.2% loss in the third quarter. However, the index increased 7.6% on a year-over-year basis.
The softening in the indexes has coincided with a slowdown in manufacturing activity. Although the sector experienced a surge in the first quarter of 2012, the rest of the year did not fare as well as factory production failed to top 2% in the last three quarters of 2012. Still, the forward-looking ISM manufacturing index for new orders hovered above the break-even mark of 50 on average in the fourth quarter and suggests stronger improvement in the first half of 2013. Production growth is forecasted at 1.4% year-over-year for 2013, before picking up to over 3% in 2014 amidst stronger demand domestically and globally. Industrial controls shipments are likely to see a similar trajectory.


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Fields in the ES Program
There are many different environmental fields, each with its own special expertise. The following listings are informal guides for developing that expertise--they are not part of your transcript or STAR report. Students choose their field in consultation with their adviser after considering their own interests and the various careers related to Environmental Studies. The list below is not intended to be exhaustive. The specifics of these fields can be modified for each student, and if a student's interests are not served by these existing fields, the student and the adviser develop one best suited for the student.
The Environmental Studies program is designed not just to teach you but to empower you to enter graduate school, pursue the career you want, and to become a responsible and effective citizen in the earth community. However, especially because it is a broad, interdisciplinary program, the program does not function as a complete vocational training. It is up to you to take the extra steps to prepare yourself to get into the graduate school and career you want. There are seven key aspects of preparing for life after UW Oshkosh.


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Site Type
Attribute Snapshot Reports: Site Type
The Charter Attribute Snapshots allow comparisons of charter school performance by various attributes (such as conversions vs. start-ups or autonomous vs. non-autonomous charter schools) across various localities. Performance data shown are for the 2012-13 school year.
Instructions: Select the region you would like to view using the drop-down menus below. Select region type first, then region name.
Printing instructions:
Click the Download button on the bottom right of the frame, then click PDF. Select the following options:
Layout: Landscape
Paper Size: Letter
Scaling: Automatic
Content: Sheets in workbook
Then click Export and finally Download
Note: for large regions such as Los Angeles Unified School District or Greater LA region, the school list page of this report (the 3rd page) will not fit on the entire page for printing. In order to print the entire list of schools, you will need to scroll the list down and print this page again.


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Sterling Rope
Sterling WaterLine 5/16"
Unless a specific hank or spool length is specified in this product's title or description, rope and cord products on this site are priced by the foot. Enter the desired length of feet in the "Quantity" number of your order.
Your rope will ship as an uncut length in total feet unless otherwise specified. We offer UP TO THREE CUTS FREE OF CHARGE. Additional cuts are an upcharge (fee based on line diameter).
Please request any customizations in the "comment" section of your order.


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Huff 'n Bluff
SJHS volleyball
MHS football
by Scott Boyle
The Monticello Buckaroo football team got back to their winning ways on September 20 in Monticello at the expense of the Monument Valley Cougars, 43-6.
Monticello scored 36 points in the first half to put the game out of reach early and let a lot of younger guys play while trying out a few plays we haven't seen yet this year, like a fumble-rooski and field goals.
The Buckaroos dominated the stats too, rushing for 380 yards on 25 carries and passing for 155 more yards on 7 of 16 attempts.
Austin Maloy led the rushing parade with 89 yards and two touchdowns on just five carries, while Jake Giles, benefitting from the fumble-rooski, scored a TD and gained 86 yards on just two carries.
Dillon Maughan had 53 yards rushing, all on one play. Hunter Bowring had three carries for 48 yards, Brandon Mussselman had 37 yards on two carries, Cole Eldredge had 29 yards on four carries, McKade Maloy had eight yards and a touchdown on two carries, and Parker Lewis rushed for 22 yards on one carry.
QB McKade Maloy completed six of 11 passes for 145 yards and freshman Talon Black completed one of five passes for 10 yards.
Bowring led in the receiving statistics with four catches for 95 yards and a touchdown. Austin Maloy had one catch good for 27 yards, Nolan Freestone had one pass for 23 yards, and Chandler Draper had one catch for 10 yards. Just for good measure, Austin Maloy was one for two in field goal attempts, connecting from 27 yards.
The defense held Monument Valley to just 19 yards rushing on 22 carries, controlling the line of scrimmage. Sixteen different Buckaroos recorded tackles, led by Cole Eldredge's three.
Next up for the 2-3 Buckaroos are the Rich Rebels at Rich this Friday and back home the week after, October 4, for homecoming and the final home game of the year (except for a possible home playoff game) against the Altamont Longhorns.
The Bucks won for the 18th time in a row over the Cougars, who have never defeated Monticello, though the two teams battled to a 14-12 Buckaroo win in 1990.
The Lady Buckaroo volleyball team upped their record to 11-4 with a sweep of Navajo Mountain. The big match this week is a home match with San Juan, whom they defeated 2-0 the first weekend of the season in St. George.
Sportshorts erroneously reported that the Bucks lost to Manila last week, which was not the case. The Lady Bucks swept through the Parowan tournament undefeated without losing a set.
Cross Country
Monticello boys won the prestigious Shiprock Invitational cross country meet on September 21 in Shiprock.
Buckaroo coach Jeff Hunt said, "It is amazing to me how well we did, despite how hot it was. I have looked at all the results that I could find and as far as I know, Monticello has never won that meet. It was really fun to watch our kids do that well."
Buckaroo senior Easton Nielson finished in third place in the 12-team meet, with Tyler Bird 12th, Everett Hatch and Jens Brewer 16th and 17th, Kyler LaRose and Sheldon Black, 20th and 21st and Tanner Eardley 29th.
Monticello beat host Shiprock 57 to 65. The San Juan Broncos finished fifth with Christian Sherrow finishing 19th to lead the Broncos. Braden Meyer was 22nd, Cole Chamberlain 27th, and Chase Chamberlain 32nd.
The San Juan girls were sixth in the girls race, with Monticello right behind in seventh. Bailey Goodwine was the top girls runner, finishing 16th for Monticello. Cambria Welch and Kendal Harris were 22nd and 24th for the Bucks.
Kira Simpson was the top San Juan runner at 32nd. Alexia Stash, Tallie Chamberlain, Alexsis James and Ann Pugh were 37th, 38th, 41st and 43rd respectively.
Craig Leavitt had a Hole in One on the seventh hole at the Hideout on September 20. Craig was using an eight iron. The ace was witnessed by Mike and Cathy Lamb.
The Big Year
Sportshorts is up to 87 the number of birds identified this year. The Big Year is when a bird watcher attempts to identify as many different birds as possible in a single year.
There are around 800 different kinds of birds in North America. The past month, nine birds have been identified, including a brown headed cowbird, Cedar Waxwing sharp-shinned hawk and snow goose (in Coalville, UT).
I also identified four kinds of ducks: the northern shoveler, eared grebe, blue-winged teal, and green-winged teal, along with a killdeer, at a pond east of Monticello.


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Mo. Senate Backs Extra Fines in Accident Zones
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. - Drivers who speed past police responding to traffic accidents could face stiffer penalties under legislation approved by the Missouri Senate.
The bill passed Thursday would levy higher fines on motorists who commit traffic violations in emergency response zones on Missouri's roads. Speeding in such areas could net an extra $250 fine, or $1,000 if the motorist is going at least 15 mph too fast. That fine could rise to $5,000 if an emergency responder is injured and $10,000 if he or she is killed.
The new provisions are intended to protect police, firefighters, ambulance personnel, tow truck drivers and other emergency personnel.
Supporters of the legislation noted that Missouri already has enhanced penalties for traffic violations in highway construction zones.
The Senate bill now goes to the House.


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If you are looking for power, durability, and adventure than the 2017 Toyota 4Runner at Autoland is the vehicle for you! Even after thousands of miles traveling in harsh conditions, 90% of 4Runners sold in the last ten years are still on the road today making it the perfect vehicle for driving around NJ. This legendary off-road icon has been dominating and exploring new territory for 30 years with its durable exterior and unmatched capability. No matter where the adventure takes you, you'll never worry about staying connected in the 2017 4Runner.
Finding the perfect Toyota 4Runner in Springfield, NJ has never been easier. Be prepared for anything with turn-by-turn directions, HD Radio ™ , traffic and weather prediction displayed on the 6.1-inch touch-screen through Integrated Navigation. Heavy packer? Make room for anything with 40/20/40 fold flat second row seats. Need more seating? The 4Runner has you covered with available third row seating options making this tough ride a 7-seater.
The new Toyota 4Runner is something you need to see for yourself and there is no better place to see it than Autoland in Springfield, NJ. Schedule a Test Drive today!View Inventory Get Financing Test Drive
|Toyota 4Runner
|Starting MSRP*
|17/21 City/HWY
|Bluetooth Connectivity
|BackUp Camera
Source(s): Toyota


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Synthstrumental wrote:
"Was just playing Crysis 2, which is set in a not-too-distant future NYC, in ruins (complete with buildings torn apart). In one part of it, I instantly thought of September Clues, when I saw big poster boards set up, with "Missing" posters plastered all over. Talk about continuity of planning across the spectrum of media! I didn't think of taking a picture at the time, or if you even knew about this - or if it was even worth it, but anyway, keep up the GREAT work, Simon & co. "
Steven Rosenbaum wrote:
"For the past 3 years, I've had the privilege of being able to document the process of planning, designing, and building
the National 9/11 Memorial and Museum."
"Steven Rosenbaum is an author, documentarian, and filmmaker. His 5-year-long longitudinal study of the design, development, and construction of the National 9/11 Memorial and Museum entitled: "Engaging Absence" will be published in 3 parts. The first element, a photobook, is slated to be released on 9/11/11."
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steve-ros ... rial_Plaza
SmokingGunII wrote:Simon, something else has struck me regarding the fake posters and I apologise if it has been mentioned before; why would anyone bother to write the location of the "victim" and always prominently? ie: "WTC2 floor 103". The fact that both towers were flattened would make it rather superfluous, don't you think? Of course, the intention is to promote the idea that people were on the higher storeys.
I also love the poster that says "Missing in World Trade Center tragedy".
Farcevalue wrote:....Engaging Absence (of verifiable evidence)
- clusterfuck
Military term for an operation in which multiple things have gone wrong. Related to "SNAFU" (Situation Normal, All Fucked Up") and "FUBAR" (Fucked Up Beyond All Repair).
Return to VICSIMS: the simulated victims of 9/11
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text: It's all in the booty. If a wild male sage grouse doesn't strut his stuff right, he may never mate. Ever. Wyoming Game and Fish/AP hide caption toggle caption Wyoming Game and Fish/AP The Protojournalist Twerking: Birds Do It. Bees Do It. October 8, 2013 Humans are getting behind a movement that nature has known about for a long time.


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Thursday, December 29, 2011
2011 Outfit Recap
Posted by Le Quaintrelle at 11:51 PM
Labels: daily outfit , outfits of 2011
3 comments :
my fave is the one with white tank top, striped skirt, green cardigan and yellow flatsReplyDelete
I've been following your blog for a while now and I really like your style! It is creative and very wearable. Also, I really dig the the way you dyed your hair, with the blonde by your face and the rest brunette. Very cool.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 30, 2011 at 9:31 AM
A few of the blogs I read are doing 2011 recaps and your collection is by far the best. Excited to see what you bring in 2012!ReplyDelete
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Ship Mates
Stockphoto ID: 1915133
File name: Antarctica_4_227.jpg
Format: digital, 3000+ pixels longest side
Property release: no Model release: yes
Source: photographer Based in: United States
Description: Ship mates
Click to show/hide Tags
This image is copyright protected. There is a fee for any use. This website is not a source of free images.


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Bobby "Blue" Bland
Blue is his middle name for a reason.
Bobby "Blues" Bland mesmerized audiences with a voice both velvety and primal, controlled and impassioned. His career was one of innovation and artistic integrity, spanning nearly his entire life.
Bobby "Blue" Bland was born Robert Calvin Bland on January 27, 1930 in Rosemark, Tennessee, a small town near Memphis.
When he was 17, he and his mother moved to Memphis. He worked at a garage during the week and sang spirituals on weekends. At various times, he served as a chauffeur for B.B. King and Roscoe Gordon and as a valet for Junior Parker. He soon began hanging out on Beale Street, and he eventually became part of a loose-knit group called the Beale Streeters, which included Billy Duncan, Johnny Ace, B.B. King, Roscoe Gordon, Earl Forrest and Junior Parker.
After making some recordings for Duke Records, Bland was drafted into the Army in 1953. He returned to Memphis in 1955, only to find that everything had changed. Rock and roll was breaking down the old barriers between "race" and "pop," and Duke Records had been sold to Don Robey. Bland spent the latter half of the Fifties maturing into a masterful singer and assured entertainer. His hallmark was his supple, confidential soul-blues delivery. As a singer, Bland projected a grainy, down-to-earth quality, punctuated with guttural growls and snorts that would come to be known as the "chicken-bone sound." Yet his voice was simultaneously smooth as velvet, allowing Bland to bring audiences under his hypnotic spell as he walked a fine line between passionate expression and exquisite self-control.
Working with Joe Scott—a band leader and producer—Bland recorded straight blues such as 1957's "Farther On Up the Road," which reached Number Five on the R&B charts, and the following year's "Little Boy Blue," a record of surprising intensity and power. That record marked the end of Bland's hard-blues period, and he subsequently evolved into more of an intimate soul-blues stylist. "I'll Take Care of You," which reached Number Two on the R&B charts in 1960, marked the beginning of the Bobby Bland sound. It was also the first of a dozen straight Top 12 R&B hits, including "Lead Me On," "I Pity the Fool," "Stormy Monday Blues," "That's the Way Love Is" and "Turn on Your Love Light." The latter song became an R&B standard.
Bland's painstakingly crafted records featured his deliberate, resolute vocals set over a backdrop of dazzling horn fanfares, supple rhythm parts and Wayne Bennett's T-Bone Walker–style guitar. The quality of the records was stunning, and Bland's vocals were the centerpiece. He projected warmth and intimacy, but he could also growl and howl. As a measure of his considerable appeal to black audiences, Bland placed an amazing fifty-one singles on the R&B Top 40. However, he crossed over into the pop-oriented Top 40 singles chart only four times and never got higher than Number Twenty (with "Ain't Nothing You Can Do," in 1964).
In 1971 Robey sold Duke to ABC-Dunhill. The label paired Bland with producer Steve Barri, who moved Bland back to a more bluesy vocal style and provided songs written by the likes of Leon Russell and Gerry Goffin. His California Album (1973) and Dreamer (1974) as well as a series of duets with B.B. King introduced Bland to white audiences and were among the most popular albums of his career. Then, in the early Eighties, Bland signed with Malaco Records, and the label reinforced his Southern soul connections.
Bobby Bland was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1981 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. In 1997 he received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Bland released Memphis Monday Morning in 1998, a potent reminder of his inimitable soul-blues vocal style. As a septuagenarian, Bland recorded Blues at Midnight (2003) and the blues troubadour continued performing well into the aughts.
Bland passed away on June 23, 2013 at his home in Memphis, Tennessee. He was 83.
Inductee: Robert Calvin Bland a.k.a. Bobby "Blue" Bland (vocals; born January 27, 1930; died June 23, 2013)


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Last night my husband asked me if I could bake some sweet muffins. I haven't baked any muffins or cakes since I started my low calorie diet three months ago (with the exception of Happy Herbivore's amazing low fat Black Bean Brownies). Before my diet I used to bake muffins, brownies, cakes, pies, etc at least once or twice a week. I often used 1 cup of sugar and up to 1/2 cup oil in my recipes making the baked goodies into calorie bombs. This recipe represented a new challenge for me. To make a healthier muffin that would be lower fat, lower sugar, lower calorie, but still tasty and sweet enough for my husband to enjoy. The average muffins have around 400 calories a piece. This muffin is around 122 calories :-) For some reason it only made 9 muffins, but if you have smaller muffin pan you might be able to get 12 muffins out of this and lower the calories per muffin. Maybe adding more water would help to stretch the batter a bit. I usually use apple sauce but here I decided to use something else. You can use unsweetened applesauce. You can use more stevia instead of raw sugar, or add more sugar instead of stevia if you don't mind the extra calories.
I topped my husband's muffins with dark chocolate peanut butter frosting and mine with a tiny spoonful of apricot jam. Raspberry jam or cherry jam would probably be a better option, just make sure you get low sugar jam with about 30 calories per tablespoon. Or eat the muffins with a cup of tea, or hot almond milk.
The dieter's dream chocolate muffins
2 cups whole wheat flour, sifted
4 Tbs cocoa powder
2 tsp baking powder
1/2 tsp salt
2 Tbs raw sugar
1 Tbs stevia powder
1/2 cup unsweetened plain soy yogurt (I used WholeSoy & Co)
1 tsp vanilla extract
1 1/2 cups water (add more water if the batter is too thick)
Preheat oven to 400 F. Line muffin cups with muffin liners.
Mix all dry ingredients in a large bowl. Combine all wet ingredients in medium bowl. Stir the wet ingredients into dry mixture. Fill muffin cups to the top with batter. Bake 20 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean. Enjoy!
(This recipe makes about 9 muffins, 122 calories each)


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Rx Solutions is a pharmacist owned staffing agency providing specialized recruiting services devoted to the unique needs of the pharmacy community. Our recruiting specialists are committed to selecting the finest candidate for our client's individual needs.
Our team consists of some of the most reliable, professional and experienced pharmacists in the industry, combined with a specialized support team that takes pride in servicing our client's needs promptly, efficiently, and with more flexibility than anyone else in our field. Whether you're a pharmacy looking for a staffing solution or a pharmacy professional interested in joining a dynamic team, Rx Solutions is right for you.


text:
Book Direct with the Owner at Ormiston Australia with Taree Accommodation Agent in Ormiston, for all your adventures and things to do.
Address: 31 Proprietary Street, Tingalpa QLD 4173
Address: PO Box 246, Wynnum QLD 4178
Address: Jean Howie Drive, Morningside QLD 4170
Address: 850 Mount Cotton Road, Redland Bay QLD 4165
Address: 2/99 Cambridge Parade, Manly QLD 4179
Address: 850 Mount Cotton Road, Mount Cotton QLD 4165
Address: North Stradbroke Island, North Stradbroke Island QLD 4183
Address: 11 Cambridge Parade, Manly QLD 4179
Address: Corner of Shore Street and Masthead Drive, Cleveland QLD 4163
Address: Cnr. Middle & Bloomfield Streets, Cleveland QLD 4163
Address: Rivergate Marina, Murarrie QLD 4172
Address: Coochiemudlo Island, Coochiemudlo Island QLD 4184
Address: 4/82 Bay Terrace, Wynnum QLD 4178
Address: Shop 3 Cominos Arcade Redcliffe Parade, Moreton Island QLD 4009
Address: 196 Mount View Road, Mount Cotton QLD 4165
Address: John Street, Thorneside QLD 4158
Address: Mooroondu Road, Wellington Point QLD 4160
Address: 9 Currumbin Court, Capalaba QLD 4157
Address: 91 Middle Street, Cleveland QLD 4163
Address: Corner Redland Bay Rd & Mt Cotton Rd, Capalaba QLD 4157
copyright © 2019 Taree Accommodation. All rights reserved.


text: Elizabeth a script that carries the imperfections of a hand written brush script. It includes regular and discretionary ligatures, as well as stylistic alternatives and swashes. If you are working in a program that supports Open Type, I would suggest purchasing the Pro version as it includes all the features Elizabeth has to offer. If you are not working with Open Type but want to have the option of the swashes are stylistic alternatives, then you can buy both the regular Elizabeth and the swashes version. It will allow you to have most of the functions of Open Type.


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How to Use the Images Illustration 1 & Chart 1
Illustration 1 & Chart 1
Photo 3: Reconstructed ironworks buildings.
Key to Drawing 1:
Questions for Photo 3 and Drawing 1
1. Photo 3 shows how the reconstructed ironworks looks today. What are your impressions of the site? What adjectives would you use to describe the scene? What characteristics of the environment give you clues about its location?
2. Can you identify the furnace, the forge, and the rolling and slitting mill in Photo 3? In which building would you have liked to work? Of the jobs mentioned in the readings, which would you have liked to have? If you had lived in the 17th century, would you have considered the ironworks a good place to work? Why or why not?
3. Compare Photo 3 and Drawing 1. Does the artist's sketch or the photo provide a better understanding of the site? What buildings or other features appear in the artist's sketch but not in the photo?
4. Why do you suppose only some of the buildings have been reconstructed? What seems to be missing from both illustrations that would give us a better understanding of the ironworks?
* The photo and drawing on this screen have a resolution of 72 dots per inch (dpi), and therefore will print poorly. You can obtain a high quality version of Photo 3 and Drawing 1, but be aware that each file will take as much as 30 seconds to load with a 28.8K modem.