text:
Woman with child drives on Phoenix airport runway
PHOENIX (AP) -- A woman driving with a small child in her car crashed through a gate at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and drove on the runway in the latest in a series of similar mishaps across the country that have raised questions whether the nation's airports are truly secure.
The woman rammed the partially open airport gate around 10 p.m. Thursday and started crossing the runway, police spokesman Sgt. Trent Crump said. Officers forced the car to stop after a few minutes and detained the driver.
She was identified as Koko Nicole Anderson, 20, from nearby Mesa. She was booked into jail on aggravated DUI and criminal damage charges. Police suspect she had taken an unknown drug.
The child was a boy about 3 and in a car seat. He wasn't hurt and has been turned over to relatives. Crump said Anderson was so impaired she didn't even know the boy was in the car.
"We don't believe her intent was to harm here," police spokesman Sgt. Trent Crump said. "We believe its impairment and poor decision making."
Such incidents are troublesome because a vehicle that crashed into a jetliner landing or taking off could cause a catastrophe, whether it was an intoxicated driver behind the wheel or a terrorist, said Jeff Price, an aviation professor at the Metropolitan State University of Denver and former assistant security director at Denver International Airport.
Airports in general need to think about adding barriers that automatically pop up if an unauthorized vehicle enters a gate as part of an overall upgrade of perimeter security that also includes better detection systems, he said.
The incident was the latest involving vehicles crashing through the Phoenix airport's gates or fences and getting onto its runways. Sky Harbor spent $10 million to upgrade its perimeter security and access gates after a man being chased by police in 2005 crashed a stolen pickup through a gate and drove onto the runways, passing several jets on a taxiway. In 2003, two teens in a stolen car crashed through a perimeter fence and drove onto the airfield. Both incidents caused brief closure of aircraft operations.
Sky Harbor spokeswoman Deborah Ostreicher said an airport operations worker was testing the gate as it was closing the small sedan crashed through. The worker promptly notified police and the control tower, which ordered a halt to air traffic operations.
As the car made it onto a runway, Phoenix police officers used their vehicles to spin the car around and stop it.
Ostreicher said no aircraft were nearby at the time and no passengers were in immediate danger. Airport operations were stopped for about 15 minutes.
Similar examples have occurred at airports around the country.
A man crashed his SUV through a locked gate at Philadelphia International Airport on March 1 and drove down a runway at speeds of more than 100 mph as a plane was fast approaching him from behind. The incident caused a major disruption, forcing air traffic controllers to put dozens of flights into holding patterns and delaying the departures of dozens more. He was sentenced to 16 months in prison.
In Grand Junction, Colo., a driver smashed through a fence while under the influence of alcohol in 2008 before getting stuck atop electrical equipment.
Earlier this year, a man swam ashore at New York's Kennedy Airport after his personal watercraft ran out of gas and climbed a security fence, making his way onto the airport. Officials immediately beefed up security after the Aug. 13 incident, which did not trigger an intrusion detection system.
Most airports don't have intrusion systems like the one at JFK, but they should be added, said Price.
Beefing up airport gates and adding pop-up barriers would also address vulnerability like that exposed at Sky Harbor Thursday night.
Normal practice for airport workers is to allow the gate to close once they've driven though so another car can't follow it onto the airfield, Price said. But as Thursday night's incident shows, that's not always possible.
Military bases often use pop-up barriers, and Los Angeles International Airport had added some, Price said.
"What we're trying to do is keep somebody from intentionally coming onto the field and driving into a plane, whether that's because they were drunk and accidentally hit the plane or they intentionally wanted to try and hit the aircraft," Price said. "Frankly, you don't need to fill a car with explosives and drive it into a plane on the airfield. All you have to do is manage to get on the field and hit the plane while it's on takeoff or landing and you're going to have a catastrophe."


text:
|Perfusion Weighted Mri with Local Arterial Input Functions
|August, 2008
|Lorenz et al.
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|November, 2009
|Controlled range blood pressure cuff
|June, 2007
|Biogeometry shapes & methodology for biological energy balancing
|May, 2007
|Bio-information presentig device and bio-information presenting method
|August, 2006
|Miyajima et al.
|Vehicle with on-board overweight and obesity preventing system and method
|May, 2009
|HDR adapter for electronic radiation source applicator
|August, 2006
|Lovoi et al.
|Universal vaginal speculum with permanent handle and disposable disconnectable blades that prevent contact of the distal part of the handle with vaginal cavity
|November, 2008
|Borodulin et al.
|Eeg Seizure Analysis
|September, 2008
|Flexoelectric apparatus
|November, 2004
|Paul Jr.
|Hybrid intelligence in medicine
|March, 2007
|Benja-athon et al.
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/985,361 of Cyril J. SCHWEICH, Jr. et al. for HEART WALL TENSION REDUCTION APPARATUS AND METHOD, filed Nov. 2, 2001, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/697,597, filed Oct. 27, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,332,864, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/492,777, filed Jan. 28, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,162,168, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/778,277, filed Jan. 2, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,050,936.
[0002] This application also is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/843,078 of Todd J. MORTIER et al. for STRESS REDUCTION APPARATUS AND METHOD, filed Apr. 27, 2001, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/522,068, filed Mar. 9, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,264,602, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/124,321, filed Jul. 29, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,077,214.
[0003] The present invention pertains to the field of apparatus for treatment of a failing heart. In particular, the apparatus of the present invention is directed toward reducing the wall stress in the failing heart.
[0004] The syndrome of heart failure is a common course for the progression of many forms of heart disease. Heart failure may be considered to be the condition in which an abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for the inability of the heart to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues, or can do so only at an abnormally elevated filling pressure. There are many specific disease processes that can lead to heart failure with a resulting difference in pathophysiology of the failing heart, such as the dilatation of the left ventricular chamber. Etiologies that can lead to this form of failure include idiopathic cardiomyopathy, viral cardiomyopathy, and ischemic cardiomyopathy.
[0005] The process of ventricular dilatation is generally the result of chronic volume overload or specific damage to the myocardium. In a normal heart that is exposed to long term increased cardiac output requirements, for example, that of an athlete, there is an adaptive process of slight ventricular dilation and muscle myocyte hypertrophy. In this way, the heart fully compensates for the increased cardiac output requirements. With damage to the myocardium or chronic volume overload, however, there are increased requirements put on the contracting myocardium to such a level that this compensated state is never achieved and the heart continues to dilate.
[0006] The basic problem with a large dilated left ventricle is that there is a significant increase in wall tension and/or stress both during diastolic filling and during systolic contraction. In a normal heart, the adaptation of muscle hypertrophy (thickening) and ventricular dilatation maintain a fairly constant wall tension for systolic contraction. However, in a failing heart, the ongoing dilatation is greater than the hypertrophy and the result is a rising wall tension requirement for systolic contraction. This is felt to be an ongoing insult to the muscle myocyte resulting in further muscle damage. The increase in wall stress is also true for diastolic filling. Additionally, because of the lack of cardiac output, there is generally a rise in ventricular filling pressure from several physiologic mechanisms. Moreover, in diastole there is both a diameter increase and a pressure increase over normal, both contributing to higher wall stress levels. The increase in diastolic wall stress is felt to be the primary contributor to ongoing dilatation of the chamber.
[0007] Prior art treatments for heart failure fall into three generally categories. The first being pharmacological, for example, diuretics. The second being assist systems, for example, pumps. Finally, surgical treatments have been experimented with, which are described in more detail below.
[0008] With respect to pharmacological treatments, diuretics have been used to reduce the workload of the heart by reducing blood volume and preload. Clinically, preload is defined in several ways including left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), or left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV). Physiologically, the preferred definition is the length of stretch of the sarcomere at end diastole. Diuretics reduce extra cellular fluid which builds in congestive heart failure patients increasing preload conditions. Nitrates, arteriolar vasodilators, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been used to treat heart failure through the reduction of cardiac workload through the reduction of afterload. Afterload may be defined as the tension or stress required in the wall of the ventricle during ejection. Inotropes like digoxin are cardiac glycosides and function to increase cardiac output by increasing the force and speed of cardiac muscle contraction. These drug therapies offer some beneficial effects but do not stop the progression of the disease.
[0009] Assist devices include mechanical pumps and electrical stimulators. Mechanical pumps reduce the load on the heart by performing all or part of the pumping function normally done by the heart. Currently, mechanical pumps are used to sustain the patient while a donor heart for transplantation becomes available for the patient. Electrical stimulation such as bi-ventricular pacing have been investigated for the treatment of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
[0010] There are at least three surgical procedures for treatment of heart failure: 1) heart transplant; 2) dynamic cardiomyoplasty; and 3) the Batista partial left ventriculectomy. Heart transplantation has serious limitations including restricted availability of organs and adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapies required following heart transplantation. Cardiomyoplasty includes wrapping the heart with skeletal muscle and electrically stimulating the muscle to contract synchronously with the heart in order to help the pumping function of the heart. The Batista partial left ventriculectomy includes surgically remodeling the left ventricle by removing a segment of the muscular wall. This procedure reduces the diameter of the dilated heart, which in turn reduces the loading of the heart. However, this extremely invasive procedure reduces muscle mass of the heart.
[0011] The present invention pertains to a non-pharmacological, passive apparatus for the treatment of a failing heart. The device is configured to reduce the tension in the heart wall. It is believed to reverse, stop or slow the disease process of a failing heart as it reduces the energy consumption of the failing heart, decrease in isovolumetric contraction, increases sarcomere shortening during contraction and an increase in isotonic shortening in turn increases stroke volume. In embodiments, the device reduces wall tension during diastole (preload) and systole.
[0012] In an embodiment, the apparatus includes a compression member for drawing at least two walls of a heart chamber toward each other to reduce the radius or area of the heart chamber in at least one cross sectional plane. In one embodiment of the apparatus, a frame is provided for supporting the compression member.
[0013] Yet another embodiment of the invention includes a clamp having two ends biased toward one another for drawing at least two walls of a heart chamber toward each other. The clamp includes at least two ends having atraumatic anchoring member disposed thereon for engagement with the heart or chamber wall.
[0014] The present invention also pertains to a device and method for reducing mechanical heart wall muscle stress. Heart muscle stress is a stimulus for the initiation and progressive enlargement of the left ventricle in heart failure. Reduction of heart wall stress with the devices and methods disclosed herein is anticipated to substantially slow, stop or reverse the heart failure disease process. Although the primary focus of the discussion of the devices and methods of the present invention herein relates to heart failure and the left ventricle, these devices and method could be used to reduce stress in the heart's other chambers.
[0015] The devices and methods of the present invention can reduce heart wall stress throughout the cardiac cycle including end diastole and end systole. Alternatively, they can be used to reduce wall stress during the portions of the cardiac cycle not including end systole. Those devices which operate throughout the cardiac cycle are referred to herein as "full cycle splints". Those devices which do not operate to reduce wall stress during end stage systole are referred to as "restrictive devices". Restrictive devices include both "restrictive splints" which alter the geometric shape of the left ventricle, and "wraps" which merely limit the magnitude of the expansion of the left ventricle during diastolic filling without a substantial shape change.
[0016] While it is desirable to reduce wall stress for the treatment of heart failure, to slow or reverse the disease process and to increase heart wall muscle shortening and pumping efficiency, it is also desirable to maintain or improve stroke volume and allow for variable preload.
[0017] Improving muscle shortening both total length change and extent at end systole, is particularly important in symptomatic heart failure wherein the heart has decreased left ventricle function and has enlarged. Full cycle splinting can be used to obtain a substantial increase in muscle shortening. Improved shortening will lead to an increase in pump function, and chronically may result in muscle strengthening and reversal of the disease because of increased pumping efficiency. The increase in shortening should be balanced against a reduction in chamber volume.
[0018] In asymptomatic, early stage heart failure, it may be possible to use only a restrictive device or method as elevated wall stress is considered to be an initiator of muscle damage and chamber enlargement. Restrictive devices and methods acting during diastole will reduce the maximum wall stress experienced during end diastole and early systole. It should be understood that restrictive devices and methods can be used in combination with full cycle splinting to more precisely control or manipulate stress reduction throughout the cardiac cycle.
[0058] The present invention is directed at reducing wall stress in a failing heart. Diastolic wall stress is considered to be an initiator of muscle damage and chamber enlargement. For this reason, it is desirable to reduce diastolic wall stress to prevent the progression of the disease. The significant impact of stress occurs at all stages and functional levels of heart failure, however, independent of the original causes. For example, in asymptomatic early stages of heart failure, mechanical stress can lead to symptomatic heart failure marked by an enlarged heart with decreased left ventricle function. As the heart enlarges, mechanical stress on the heart wall increases proportionally to the increasing radius of the heart in accordance with LaPlace's Law. It can thus be appreciated that as stress increases in symptomatic heart failure, those factors that contributed to increasing stress also increase. Thus, the progression of the disease accelerates to late stage heart failure, end stage heart failure and death unless the disease is treated.
[0059] Three parameters influence mechanical stress on the muscle. These are: (1) muscle mass, i.e., as reflected by the thickness of the muscle; (2) pressure in the chamber which is a function of the resistance to blood flow of the patient's vasculature and the volume of blood within the patient; and (3) chamber geometry. The present invention pertains to devices and methods for directly and passively changing chamber geometry to lower wall stress. In addition to treatment of heart failure, the devices and methods of the present invention also lend themselves to application in the case of a decrease in cardiac function caused by, for example, acute myocardial infarction.
[0060] The devices disclosed herein for changing chamber geometry are referred to as "splints". In addition to splints, wraps which can be placed around the heart can limit muscle stress without the chamber shape change. When a wrap is used, wall stress is merely transferred to the wrap, while the generally globular shape of the heart is maintained. A wrap could be used in conjunction with a splint to modulate heart wall stress reduction at various stages of the cardiac cycle.
[0061] The present invention includes a number of splint embodiments. Splints and wraps can be classified by where in the cardiac cycle they engage the heart wall, i.e., mechanically limit the size of the left ventricle in the case of wraps and change the geometry of the ventricle in the case of splints. If a splint or wrap only begins to engage during diastolic filling, the splint can be termed a "restrictive splint". If the splint or wrap is engaged throughout the cardiac cycle, both during diastolic filling and systolic contraction and ejection, the splint can be termed a "full cycle splint". The wrap will generally be a restrictive device which begins to engage during diastolic filling to increase the elastance (reduces compliance) of the chamber. If a wrap is made from elastic material it may engage full cycle, but the force required to elongate the wrap will increase as diastolic filling progresses, preload strain will be reduced without an improvement in systolic contraction.
[0063] In
[0064] If heart A, as shown in
[0065] Each of the splints, wraps and other devices disclosed in this application preferably do not substantially deform during the cardiac cycle such that the magnitude of the resistance to the expansion or contraction of the heart provided by these devices is reduced by substantial deflection. It is, however, contemplated that devices which deflect or elongate elastically under load are within the scope of the present invention, though not preferred. The materials from which each device are formed must be biocompatible and are preferably configured to be substantially atraumatic.
[0066] The distinction between restrictive devices, such as restrictive splints and wraps, and full cycle splints and wraps, can be better understood by reference to
[0067] An arbitrary beginning of the normal cardiac cycle N can be chosen at end diastole
[0068] An analogous cycle F also occurs in a failing heart. As the left ventricle has dilated, in accordance with LaPlace's Law, the larger radius of a dilated left ventricle causes stress to increase at a given blood pressure. Consequently, a failing heart must compensate to maintain the blood pressure. The compensation for the increased stress is reflected in the shift to the right of failing heart cardiac cycle F relative to the normal cycle N. The stress at end diastole
[0069] By reference to the heart cycle stress strain graph of
[0070] The effect on the stress/strain relationship of a full cycle splint will acutely shift the entire stress/strain curve F for the cycle to the left. That is, stress is reduced at both end diastole
[0071] The type and magnitude of shape change are important factors in determining the effectiveness of splinting. There are several types of lower stress cardiac geometries that can be created from an enlarged globular left ventricular chamber typically associate with heart failure. They include lobed, disc-like, narrowed elongate, and multiple vertically stacked bulbs.
[0074] For a restrictive splint, the horizontal cross sections
[0075] In the case of a full cycle splint, at end systole, the splint will already be engaged. Thus, for a full cycle splint at end systole, the horizontal cross section of the chamber will not have the normal generally circular shape. Rather, at end systole, the horizontal cross sections
[0076] In view of LaPlace's Law which states that stress is directly proportional to radius of curvature, it can be appreciated that whether the radius is increasing or decreasing during diastolic filling, will have an impact on heart pumping performance. Where R is increasing during diastolic filling, wall stress will increase more rapidly than where R is decreasing. The number of lobes that are created can significantly influence the level of end diastolic muscle stress reduction achieved through splinting. Eventually adding additional lobes forms a configuration which approaches a behavior similar to a wrap. If a wrap is substantially inelastic, or of sufficient size, a wrap will only engage the heart wall at some stage of diastolic filling. If the wrap is substantially inelastic, as pressure increases in the chamber during diastolic filling, stress in the heart wall muscle will increase until the wrap fully engages and substantially all additional muscle elongating load created by increased chamber pressure will be shifted to the wrap. No further elongation of the chamber muscles disposed in a horizontal cross section through the wrap and the chamber will occur. Thus, inelastic wraps will halt additional preload muscle strain (end diastolic muscle stretch).
[0077] The type of shape change illustrated in
[0078] The magnitude of shape change in the case of full cycle splinting becomes very important as full cycle splinting generally reduces chamber volume more than restrictive splinting. Although as with restrictive devices, the type of shape change is also important to allow for variable preload strain. Both restrictive device and full cycle splints reduce chamber volume as they reduce the cross sectional area of the chamber during the cardiac cycle. The magnitude of the shape change can vary from very slight at end diastole, such that chamber volume is only slightly reduced from the unsplinted end diastolic volume, to an extreme reduction in volume, for example, complete bifurcation by transventricular splint. The magnitude of the shape change, for example, as measured by the ratio of splint length to non-splinted ventricular diameter, is preferably modulated to reduce muscle stress while not overly reducing chamber volume. For full cycle splint, the reduction of chamber volume is compensated for by increased contractile shortening, which in turn leads to an increased ejection fraction, i.e., the ratio of the stroke volume to chamber volume. For given stress/volume and stress/shortening relationships, there will be a theoretical optimum maximal stroke volume. Clinically, 20% to 30% stress reduction is expected to be attainable through full cycle bi-lobe splinting. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,440 and the discussion further herein for calculation of stress reduction for idealized bi-lobe splinting.
[0079] When using the full cycle and restrictive devices described herein, caution should be exercised to limit the pressure on the coronary vasculature. In the case of transventricular splints, valve structure, electrical pathways and coronary vasculature should be avoided.
[0081] Splints
[0084] Pads
[0085] Frame
[0087] If band splint
[0089] Band splint
[0093] The length of band
[0095] When line
[0104] If elongate bar
[0105] Band
[0107] Line
[0109] Device
[0110] Line
[0112] It should be understood that although devices disclosed herein are described in relation to the left ventricle of a human heart, these devices could also be used to reduce the radius or cross-sectional area of the other chambers of a human heart in transverse or vertical directions, or at an angle between the transverse and vertical.
[0115] Each of the various embodiments of the present invention can be made from materials which can remain implanted in the human body indefinitely. Such biocompatible materials are well-known to those skilled in the art of clinical medical devices.
[0116] In use, the various embodiments of the present invention are placed in or adjacent the human heart to reduce the radius or cross-section area of at least one chamber of the heart. This is done to reduce wall stress or tension in the heart or chamber wall to slow, stop or reverse failure of the heart.
[0117] To discuss further the stress reduction associated with splinting,
[0120] From these relationships, the area of the figure eight cross-section can be calculated by:
[0121] Where chamber
[0122] Thus, for example, with an original cylindrical radius of four centimeters and a pressure within the chamber of 140 mm of mercury, the wall tension T in the walls of the cylinder is 104.4 newtons. When a 3.84 cm splint is placed as shown in
[0124] Numerous characteristics and advantages of the invention covered by this document have been set forth in the foregoing description. It will be understood, however, that this disclosure is, in many respects, only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size and ordering of steps without exceeding the scope of the invention. The invention's scope is defined in the language of the claims.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Biz and Theresa talk about taking our kids to the doctor and giving them shots! Guess who has no emotional issues seeing her kids get shots? Hint: Her name rhymes with Beresa. Plus, Theresa has a problem with sharing and Biz is shocked to discover her son only wants to touch his penis….ever. If that isn't fun enough, the show wraps up with a call to the wise, funny, and extremely pregnant host of Sawbones, Dr. Sydnee McElroy, for a discussion about vaccines! Best episode ever!
Sawbones: A Marital Tour of Misguided Medicine: http://www.maximumfun.org/shows/sawbones
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text:
How to Use
the Readings
Inquiry Question
Reading 3: Excerpts from President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Speech at the Dedication of Boulder Dam, Sept. 30, 1935
Roosevelt's speech was front-page news in newspapers all over the country. In addition to the 10,000 people who braved 102o heat to hear the speech in person, it was broadcast to a radio audience of millions of people.
This morning I came, I saw and I was conquered, as everyone would be who sees for the first time this great feat of mankind.
We are here to celebrate the completion of the greatest dam in the world, rising 726 feet above the bedrock of the river and altering the geography of a whole region; we are here to see the creation of the largest artificial lake in the world—115 miles long, holding enough water, for example, to cover the State of Connecticut to a depth of ten feet; and we are here to see nearing completion a power house which will contain the largest generators yet installed in this country.
All these dimensions are superlative. They represent and embody the accumulated engineering knowledge and experience of centuries; and when we behold them it is fitting that we pay tribute to the genius of their designers. We recognize also the energy, resourcefulness and zeal of the builders, who, under the greatest physical obstacles, have pushed this work forward to completion two years in advance of the contract requirements. But especially, we express our gratitude to the thousands of workers who gave brain and brawn to this great work of construction.
We know that, as an unregulated river, the Colorado added little of value to the region this dam serves. When in flood the river was a threatening torrent. In the dry months of the year it shrank to a trickling stream. The gates of these great diversion tunnels were closed here at Boulder Dam last February. In June a great flood came down the river. It came roaring down the canyons of the Colorado, through Grand Canyon, Iceberg and Boulder Canyons, but it was caught and safely held behind Boulder Dam.
Across the San Jacinto Mountains southwest of Boulder Dam, the cities of Southern California are constructing an aqueduct to cost $220,000,000, which they have raised, for the purpose of carrying the regulated waters of the Colorado River to the Pacific Coast 259 miles away.
Across the desert and mountains to the west and south run great electric transmission lines by which factory motors, street and household lights and irrigation pumps will be operated in Southern Arizona and California.
Boulder Dam and the powerhouses together cost a total of $108,000,000. The price of Boulder Dam during the depression years provided [work] for 4,000 men, most of them heads of families, and many thousands more were enabled to earn a livelihood through manufacture of materials and machinery.
And this picture is true on different scales in regard to the thousands of projects undertaken by the Federal Government, by the States and by the counties and municipalities in recent years.
Throughout our national history we have had a great program of public improvements, and in these past two years all that we have done has been to accelerate that program. We know, too, that the reason for this speeding up was the need of giving relief to several million men and women whose earning capacity had been destroyed by the complexities and lack of thought of the economic system of the past generation.
In a little over two years this great national work has accomplished much. We have helped mankind by the works themselves and, at the same time, we have created the necessary purchasing power to throw in the clutch to start the wheels of what we call private industry. Such expenditures on all of these works, great and small, flow out to many beneficiaries; they revive other and more remote industries and businesses. Labor makes wealth. The use of materials makes wealth. To employ workers and materials when private employment has failed is to translate into great national possessions the energy that otherwise would be wasted. Boulder Dam is a splendid symbol of that principle. The mighty waters of the Colorado were running unused to the sea. Today we translate them into a great national possession.
Today marks the official completion and dedication of Boulder Dam. This is an engineering victory of the first order—another great achievement of American resourcefulness, American skill and determination.
That is why I have the right once more to congratulate you who have built Boulder Dam and on behalf of the Nation to say to you, "Well done."
Questions for Reading 3
1. During the 1920s, the big dam on the Colorado was usually called the "Boulder Canyon Project" or sometimes "Boulder Dam." In 1930, President Hoover's secretary of the interior named it "Hoover Dam." Roosevelt defeated Hoover in the presidential election of 1932. Why do you think he used the old name in his speech? (In 1947, Congress unanimously changed the name back to "Hoover Dam.")
2. What three groups did Roosevelt credit with the building of the dam? Which group's contributions do you think he valued the most? What makes you think so? Do you agree, based on what you know so far?
3. The President identified benefits the new dam had already provided. What were they? Whom did they benefit?
4. Roosevelt strongly defended the work relief projects for which his administration was famous. What arguments did he use? Do you think he made a good case? Why or why not?
5. If you were reading or listening to Roosevelt's speech in 1935, would you think that Hoover Dam was one of his New Deal work relief projects? Was it? Explain your answer.
Abridged version of full text of speech, found on The American Presidency Project website.


text:
Thanks to Bikurgurl for hosting #100WordWednesday August 9, 2017.
Lacey shook out her golden hair. Deborah eyed her daughter," We're here Lacey, this is where you'll find out your vocation."
"But I don't even know what I'll wear tomorrow. I'm not even sixteen."
"The judges decide. Since long ago, each consecutive group of them provides citizens with the right jobs."
" I've many interests. Not one."
"Life isn't fair, Lacey."
Deborah smoothed her skirt down three times."They don't know your thoughts. But the rigorous testing you've done, your DNA, genetic lineage, your social interactions, and other scientific data guides the Judges."
"But you said they don't know my thoughts?"
"They're not going to ask for your opinion. They know."
"That's the problem, Mom. There's more than 'knowing.' There's that feeling that tells you your purpose deep down."
"They Judges don't consider feelings or emotions. They don't see people beyond their job skills."
Deborah shushed Lacey. Her hands trembled. "Whatever they say, Lacey, that's your vocation."
"Outcasts don't last long, your father's one and that life's harsh. They'll watch out for that 'rebellious spirit' in you."
"I can't keep my true-self masked. I'll be miserable."
"No one's happy here," Deborah whispered.
But Lacey didn't hear her. Deborah watched her daughter ascend the ancient silver staircase and knew her daughter would be searching for her father soon.
©Mandibelle16. (2017) All Rights Reserved.


text:
Earlier this morning, we learned that Q2 GDP growth was actually 1.3 percent, which is much lower than an earlier reading of 1.7 percent growth.
This was largely due to personal consumption, which was revised down.
We also learned that durable goods orders plunged 13 percent in August, which was much worse than the 5.0 percent decline expected.
Excluding transportation, orders fell 1.6 percent. Economists were looking for a gain of 0.2 percent.
We reached out to ECRI's Lakshman Achuthan, who has been predicting a U.S. economic recession for around a year, despite harsh criticism.
And he only had one thing to say.
"As we recently noted, you'll need to watch the rear-view mirror to see the recession come into focus," he wrote in an email to Business Insider.


text:
Table of Bees Caption Contest Winner
The students at Anchor Bay Middle School's Family Science night entered a caption contest in what they thought Buster might be saying while trying his best trying to help figure out why the honeybees are disappearing. Congratulations to Olivia Z! Check out "Just Bea" Cartoon on Facebook for honorable mentions.


text:
Adobe Premiere Pro For Dummies
384 pages
October 2003
US $32.99 Add to Cart
This is a Print-on-Demand title. It will be printed specifically to fill your order. Please allow an additional 2-3 days delivery time. The book is not returnable.
Read an ExcerptDownload Acrobat
Table of Contents
Author Information
- An essential resource for anyone who wants to get up and running with this popular video-editing application, from amateur and hobbyist filmmakers to professionals who want to explore the possibilities of editing on a PC
- Explains how to shoot good footage, get digital video onto a PC, set up a Premiere production studio, edit clips, add effects, work with audio, and output the finished product or share it online
- Released day and date with the new software version, the book covers the latest Premiere features and improvements
- Keith Underdahl, the author of Digital Video For Dummies (0-7645-4114-5) and other books on digital video, has broad experience as both an amateur videographer and professional video producer


text:
Perfect for complimenting any item or décor, this traditional brass plate is rectangular in shape with dimensions of 5/8" x 2" making it an appropriate personalization option. It features adhesive backing, which makes the process of attaching it to other surfaces quick and easy.
This distinctive design is neither excessive nor understated making it widely appealing for both personal and business personalization. It is also a prefer design by both men and women alike which makes it very popular across-the-board.


text:
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is viewed in a highly favorable light across party and ideological lines, according to a new ABC/Washington Post poll released Wednesday.
The poll found that 91 percent of Democrats, 65 percent of Independents and a high of 37 percent of Republicans view Clinton favorably. The poll comes on the day Clinton testified before House and Senate committees on the September terrorist attack in Benghazi, Libya.
She is also seen favorably by a majority of all ideological groups, including 49 percent of conservatives. An astounding 79 percent of self-identified moderates also said they viewed her favorably.
The poll also showed that Clinton is in a much better position for a theoretical 2016 run for president than current Vice President Joe Biden. Clinton is viewed favorably by a 67-26 split. Biden, meanwhile, was viewed favorably by just 48 percent of respondents and unfavorably by 37 percent.
Here's a look at the difference between Clinton and Biden:


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Lauren Alaina to Appear on New Aerosmith Album
Country cutie Lauren Alaina didn't win Season 10 of 'American Idol,' but she's still enjoying all the perks that come with having been on the show. In fact, her latest professional coup is even better than winning the 'Idol' crown. The singer, who returned to the 'Idol' stage to perform her rawkin' hit 'Georgia Peaches' on Thursday, March 8, tweeted the good news that she took part in a major new collaboration.
Yesterday: returned to idol & then went to the studio to record background vocals for the new Aerosmith record. #ISTHISREAL?Thank u Steven!
— Lauren Alaina (@Lauren_Alaina) March 9, 2012
That's huge news for our gal. Teaming up with 'Idol' judge Steven Tyler to lend that beautiful voice of hers to a new Aerosmith album is a really big deal, since they are one of the biggest acts in rock. Remember, Tyler has always had a soft spot for Alaina. He declared that the judges had found "the one" after her initial audition last season. He wasn't right, but then again, it was up to the American voting audience, not him. Finishing second is nothing to sneeze at, though.
Alaina just added quite a nice item to her resume with this guest spot. She gets to dip her toes into another genre, which is a nod to her versatility, in addition to performing on a high profile album. Props to Tyler for putting his money where his big ol' mouth is.
We can't wait to hear it.


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Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox and Lisa Kudrow Spotted at Dinner Together!by Thomas Chau | PopCrush
It was a mini-'Friends' reunion, as Jennifer Aniston and Lisa Kudrow celebrated Courteney Cox's engagement at dinner together Wednesday night, according to People.
The ladies of 'Friends' reportedly spent three hours at dinner at Craig's restaurant in Los Angeles, and left dinner separately, reports a source.
"They had a girls' dinner to celebrate Courteney's engagement," a source tells the site. "They had a great time and enjoyed catching up over dinner for several hours."
Cox announced last month that she was engaged to Snow Patrol's Johnny McDaid.
The 'Friends' reunion didn't stop there: People also reports that fellow 'Friends' co-star Matt LeBlanc joined in at dinner, although he did it over FaceTime, Apple's video chat platform for the iPhone.
"I just happened to FaceTime Courteney and she's like, 'Look who I am with!' I was like, 'Oh, wow, that's good,'" LeBlanc told the site. "It's hard to get together because everyone is all over the place."
Aniston, Cox and Kudrow have kept close over the years since the show's end in 2004, and have occasionally have appeared in each other's various film and TV projects.


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We're back with another round of exciting literary news from around the globe. This week's dispatches take us to South Africa, the United States, and Guatemala.
Alice Inggs, Editor-at-Large, reporting from South Africa:
An anticipated event on the Cape Town literary calendar, the annual Open Book festival,will take place from September 5-9. The inclusive festival, at which spoken-word performances and bookmaking classes are added to the program alongside interviews with international authors and panel discussions on feminism, appears to have a particular focus on migrancy and notions of place this year, with several talks hosted by the African Centre for Cities.
The attendance of influential urbanist, researcher, and author AbdouMaliq Simone points to this unofficial theme. Simone's enduring optimism with regards to city spaces and the possibilities they hold for producing new forms of trade, particularly in the context of those inhabitants who are forced to adapt for reasons such as crumbling infrastructure or illegal residency, is a trait that looks to carry over to the rest of the festival.


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Feedback and Community
We appreciate your comments and concerns about the Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) or CardSpace documentation. On the bottom of every page in the SDK is the sentence "Send comments about this topic to Microsoft." Click the "comments" link to send your views or suggestions about the specific topic.
If you are looking for more information, or want to share techniques with others who are interested in WCF, try the MSDN Windows Communication Foundation forum.


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cutchin43 wrote:Are we allowed to introduce a new villain in our stories? And by that I mean a Batman villain that isn't in the Arkhamverse, not a villain I made up.
Yes you can. You can be really creative, I'd say. You can even make an older Batman and have him fight the Jla or Blight if you want. The Arkham games have to have happened depending on when something transpires, etc.


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Launched on March 2,1972, Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to travel through the Asteroid belt, and the first spacecraft to make direct observations and obtain close-up images of Jupiter. Famed as the most remote object ever made through most of its mission, Pioneer 10 traveled more than 8 billion miles through space in 25 years. (On Feb. 17, 1998, Voyager 1's heliocentric radial distance equaled Pioneer 10 at 69.4 AU and thereafter exceeded Pioneer 10 at the rate of 1.02 AU per year.)
Pioneer 10 made its closest encounter to Jupiter on Dec. 3, 1973, passing within 81,000 miles of the cloudtops. This historic event marked humans' first approach to Jupiter and opened the way for exploration of the outer solar system - for Voyager to tour the outer planets, for Ulysses to break out of the ecliptic, for Galileo to investigate Jupiter and its satellites, and for Cassini to go to Saturn and probe Titan. During its Jupiter encounter, Pioneer 10 imaged the planet and its moons, and took measurements of Jupiter's magnetosphere, radiation belts, magnetic field, atmosphere, and interior. These measurements of the intense radiation environment near Jupiter were crucial in designing the Voyager and Galileo spacecraft.
Pioneer 10 made valuable scientific investigations in the outer regions of our solar system until the end of its science mission on March 31,1997. Pioneer 10's weak signal continued to be tracked by the Deep Space Network (DSN) as part of an advanced concept study of communication technology supporting NASA's future interstellar probe mission.
After more than 30 years, it appears the venerable Pioneer 10 spacecraft has sent its last signal to Earth. Pioneer's last, very weak signal was received Jan. 23, 2003. The power source on Pioneer 10 finally degraded to the point in 2003 where its signal to Earth dropped below the threshold for detection. NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) did not detect a signal during a contact attempt on Feb. 7, 2003. The previous three contacts, including the Jan. 23, 2003 signal, were very faint, with no telemetry received. The last time a Pioneer 10 contact returned telemetry data was April 27, 2002.
Pioneer 10 will continue to coast silently as a ghost ship through deep space into interstellar space, heading generally for the red star Aldebaran, which forms the eye of Taurus (The Bull). Aldebaran is about 68 light years away and it will take Pioneer more than 2 million years to reach it.
For more information about the Pioneer Project History, see: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/missions/archive/pioneer.html
For more information about NASA Ames, see: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/index.html


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David Reviews
OB Management are pleased to announce the signing of US filmmaker Tom Bender to their freelance roster.
Well-travelled filmmaker Sonja Phillips is ready to put down roots at Dark Energy after joining for commercial representation.
Missing Link Films have announced a couple of new additions to their roster: Laura Scrivano and Christophe Dolcerocca.
Former director's assistant Natanael Ericsson is now a director in his own right at New Land.
Wow. Chilling is the word alright.


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A bomb scare forced actors Katherine Heigl and Gerard Butler to evacuate the Los Angeles hotel where they were promoting their upcoming film "The Ugly Truth."
The stars were among 400 guests at the Four Seasons Hotel who were forced to leave the luxury hotel while police investigated a bomb threat that had been called in, People.com reported.
Heigl, showing off her newly dyed red locks, mingled with fans as Butler posed for pics with members of the AC Milan soccer team during the 2-hour interlude, the magazine reported. The stars eventually ducked into the nearby Il Cielo restaurant.
Police found no suspicious packages or luggage and allowed guests back into the hotel later that afternoon.
The co-stars were at the hotel promoting their new film, "The Ugly Truth," which hits theaters Friday.


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Chickenpox (varicella) is a common illness
that causes an itchy rash and red spots or blisters (pox) all over the body. It
is most common in children. But most people will get chickenpox at some point
in their lives if they haven't had the chickenpox vaccine.
Chickenpox can cause
problems for pregnant women, newborns, teens and adults, and people who have
immune system problems that make it hard for the body
to fight infection. Chickenpox usually isn't a serious health problem in healthy children. But a child with chickenpox needs to stay home from school. And you may need to miss work in order to care for your child.
After you have had chickenpox, you aren't
likely to get it again. But the virus stays in your body long after you get
over the illness. If the virus becomes active again, it can cause a painful
viral infection called
Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It can spread easily.
You can get it from an infected person who sneezes, coughs, or shares food or
drinks. You can also get it if you touch the fluid from a chickenpox
A person who has chickenpox can spread the virus even
before he or she has any symptoms. Chickenpox is most easily spread from 2 to 3
days before the rash appears until all the blisters have crusted over.
You are at risk for chickenpox if you have never had the illness and haven't had the chickenpox vaccine. If someone you live with gets chickenpox, your
risk is even higher because of the close contact.
The first symptoms of
chickenpox usually develop about 14 to 16 days after
contact with a person infected with the virus. Most people feel sick and have a fever, a decreased appetite,
a headache, a cough, and a sore throat. The
itchy chickenpox rash usually appears about 1 or 2 days
after the first symptoms start.
After a
chickenpox red spot appears, it usually takes about 1 or 2 days for the spot to
go through all its stages. This includes blistering, bursting, drying, and
crusting over. New red spots will appear every day for up to 5 to 7
It usually takes about 10 days after the
first symptoms before all blisters have crusted over. This is when the person with chickenpox can return to day care, school, or work.
Your doctor will ask
you about your symptoms and will examine you. This usually gives your doctor
enough information to find out if you have chickenpox.
A healthy child with chickenpox symptoms may not need to visit a doctor. You may be
able to describe your child's symptoms to the doctor over the phone.
Teenagers, adults, pregnant women, and people with
health problems need to see a doctor for chickenpox. This is especially
important for pregnant women, since chickenpox during early pregnancy can cause
birth defects.
Most healthy children and
adults need only home treatment for chickenpox. Home treatment includes resting
and taking medicines to reduce fever and itching. You also can soak in oatmeal
baths to help with itching.
People with long-term diseases or
other health problems may need more treatment for chickenpox. They may need
immunoglobulin treatment (IG) or antiviral medicine.
Your doctor can give you these soon after you are exposed to the virus to help
you feel better sooner.
You can prevent chickenpox with the
chickenpox vaccine. Children get the chickenpox vaccine as part of their routine immunizations.
If you
have been around a person who has the virus and you have not had chickenpox or
the vaccine, you still may be able to prevent the illness. Get a shot of
chickenpox antibodies (immunoglobulin) or the vaccine right away.
Learning about chickenpox:
Being diagnosed:
Getting treatment:
Ongoing concerns:
Taking care of yourself:
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
The varicella-zoster virus, one of
the herpes viruses, causes
chickenpox infection. The same virus that causes
chickenpox also causes
shingles (herpes
The chickenpox virus can spread
easily from one person to another. It most often spreads through the
respiratory tract, such as mucous membranes of the mouth and nose. You also can
get chickenpox through the air from an infected person's sneezing or coughing.
Less often, chickenpox is spread when fluid from a chickenpox blister gets on
your skin.
In rare cases, a person can get chickenpox from the fluid of shingles
The first symptoms of chickenpox
The first symptoms are usually mild in children, but they
can be severe in teens and adults. These symptoms may continue throughout the
About 1 or 2 days after the first symptoms of chickenpox
appear, an itchy
rash develops.
About 14 to 16 days after
contact with a person infected with the virus, the first symptoms of
chickenpox usually develop. Most people feel sick and have a fever, a decreased appetite,
a headache, a cough, and a sore throat.
Chickenpox is most contagious from 2 to 3 days before the
rash appears until all the blisters have crusted over.
The chickenpox rash usually appears on the upper body about 1
or 2 days after the first symptoms start. The trunk usually is most affected,
and the arms and legs the least. The rash also may spread to the scalp, face, nose,
and mouth. In rare cases, it spreads into the eyelid lining (conjunctiva), into
the clear covering over the eye (cornea), inside the throat, or into the
genital area.
It takes about 1 or 2 days for a chickenpox red spot
(macule) to go through all its stages:
Skin infection is the most common complication for children under age 5.
Skin infection can form after the rash is scratched. Scratching allows bacteria
from the skin or under the fingernails to get into a chickenpox blister. The infection can become serious if it isn't treated. An infected blister also may
leave a scar.
people also are at increased risk of more serious problems from chickenpox. This higher-risk group includes newborns,
teenagers, adults—especially pregnant women—and those who have weak immune systems.
Although you become
immune to the chickenpox virus after you have had
chickenpox, the virus will still be in your body. The virus can later cause
shingles (herpes zoster), usually when you are an
older adult. About 1 in 5 people who have chickenpox will later get
shingles.1 The shingles vaccine can help prevent shingles or make shingles less painful.
You are at risk for
chickenpox if you have not had chickenpox or the
vaccine and you:
After you have had chickenpox or the vaccine, you become
immune to the virus. It is possible that you may have
a slight reaction after reexposure, such as a few spots and a slight fever. But
you aren't likely to get chickenpox more than once.
Call your doctor right away if you or your child with
chickenpox has:
Call for an appointment with your doctor if:
If you are a teen or adult, are pregnant, or have a weak immune system, it's important to see your doctor as soon as you think you've been exposed to the chickenpox virus. Your doctor may want to give you a medicine that helps protect you from the virus.
A healthy child with chickenpox symptoms may not need to visit a doctor. You may be able to describe your child's symptoms to the doctor over the phone. Then your child won't have to leave the house and risk spreading the virus to others. But it is important to check with your doctor to find out if he or she wants to see your child.
If you go to a doctor's office, ask if you need to
take any precautions when you arrive to avoid spreading the infection. For
example, office staff may take you directly to an exam room when you arrive, rather than have you wait in the lobby.
following health professionals can diagnose and treat chickenpox:
If severe complications develop, you may be
referred to a specialist. For example, you may see a
pulmonologist for lung problems.
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
Chickenpox usually can be diagnosed based on how the
chickenpox rash looks. For a healthy child, describing the
rash over the phone to a doctor (rather than visiting the office)
may be all you need to do.
Anyone who is over age 12, or pregnant, or has a weak immune system needs to be checked by a doctor as soon as you suspect chickenpox. When given right away, treatment can help prevent serious complications. For more information, see When to Call a Doctor.
At the doctor's office, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and will examine you. This usually gives your doctor enough information to find out if you have chickenpox.
woman who has had chickenpox early in her pregnancy may want to have her
fetus checked for birth defects. This can be done with
fetal ultrasound during the second trimester.
If you have never had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine(What is a PDF document?), you have no immunity against the virus. This means that the virus can make you sick—you can get chickenpox.
If you need to make sure you're immune to the chickenpox virus, a viral test can tell you. It makes sense to get a viral test if you aren't sure you're immune and you:
Treatment for chickenpox depends on your age, your health, how long it's been since you were exposed to the virus, and your symptoms.
The chickenpox, or varicella, virus spreads easily from person to person. If you have never had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine(What is a PDF document?), you have no immunity against the virus. This means that the virus can make you sick.
If you or your child is not immune, you can prevent chickenpox by getting the vaccine. It is recommended for:
For women who aren't immune, chickenpox and pregnancy can be a dangerous combination. Getting the vaccine when not pregnant prevents complications of chickenpox during pregnancy. Talk to your doctor about the right timing for the vaccine.
You can help
prevent chickenpox by avoiding close contact with people infected with the
virus. This is even more important if you have a
weak immune system. But the virus can spread from
an infected person even before symptoms develop.
If you have been in contact with a person who has chickenpox and aren't sure if you are immune, a shot of the vaccine may prevent you from having the illness. Or it may make the illness milder.
If you can't have the chickenpox vaccine (for example, during pregnancy) a shot of antibodies (immunoglobulin) or an antiviral medicine may help delay or prevent the chickenpox.
For more information, see Medications.
Before the chickenpox vaccine was available, families often had the virus for weeks at a time as it sickened one person, then the next. To "get it over with," some parents intentionally exposed their children to a child with chickenpox.
Now that the vaccine can protect against the virus, parents have a safer option than exposing their children to chickenpox. Do not expose a child to the chickenpox virus. Even young
children can have serious (though rare) complications from the infection,
pneumonia or
Most healthy children, teens, and
adults with
chickenpox need only home treatment. But
all teens and adults with chickenpox need to see a doctor. When given right away, treatment can help prevent serious complications.
If you have chickenpox, you don't need to stay in bed. But it's best to
stay quiet and rest. Over-the-counter medicines can help relieve symptoms such as
fever and itching.
Before you give medicine to your sick child, check with your
child's doctor. Because of their small size, children are more sensitive than
adults to the effects of some medicines. Use a measuring spoon or medicine cup
to give liquid medicine to a child. Don't guess the amount or use a regular
table spoon.
The chickenpox rash itches. Do everything you can to control the itch and avoid scratching. Scratching the blisters may
cause a skin infection, or scars may form after the blisters heal.
You can take
steps to
control itching, such as taking oatmeal baths, applying cool compresses, and
antihistamines. Check with your child's
doctor before giving your child antihistamines.
Fever is your body's normal response to infection. A
higher-than-normal temperature kills bacteria and viruses that cause illness.
Fever medicines stop this natural process, so use one only when fever is causing discomfort.
You can help
relieve a fever with over-the-counter medicine. Follow the package instructions carefully. If you give medicine to your baby, follow your doctor's advice about what amount to give. (Do not give aspirin to people younger than 20, because of the risk of
Reye syndrome, a rare but serious problem).
Call your doctor if you or your child has a fever that lasts longer than 24 hours.
For more information, see Fever, Age 11 and Younger or Fever, Age 12 and Older.
If you or your
child has chickenpox, don't return to work, school, or day care until after all
blisters have crusted over, usually about 10 days after the first symptoms
start. To help
prevent spreading chickenpox, stay away from people
who aren't immune.
Medicines for chickenpox can:
If you (or your child) are not immune to chickenpox and have been exposed to the virus, call your doctor. The right medicine depends on your health, age, how long it's been since you were exposed to the virus, and your symptoms.
To prevent
chickenpox, most people can get the
chickenpox vaccine(What is a PDF document?). To fully protect you, two doses are needed before you're exposed to the virus.
Some people can't get the chickenpox vaccine. They include women who are pregnant and people who have ever had a serious
allergic reaction to gelatin or the drug neomycin.
After you
have symptoms of chickenpox, you can take
over-the-counter medicines to help relieve discomfort.
Check with your child's doctor before giving medicine to your child.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) offers a
variety of educational materials about parenting,
general growth and development, immunizations, safety, disease prevention, and more. AAP guidelines for various conditions and links to other
organizations are also available.
This CDC website has information about vaccines and the diseases that can
be prevented by immunization. It includes the recommended
immunization schedules for children, teens, and adults. You can also find
information about vaccine side effects and safety, school and state
requirements, and immunization records. Interactive schedules are also
This website is sponsored by the Nemours Foundation. It
has a wide range of information about children's health—from allergies and
diseases to normal growth and development (birth to adolescence). This website
offers separate areas for kids, teens, and parents, each providing
age-appropriate information that the child or parent can understand. You can
sign up to get weekly emails about your area of interest.
The March of Dimes tries to improve the health of babies
by preventing birth defects, premature birth, and early death. March of Dimes
supports research, community services, education, and advocacy to save babies'
lives. The organization's website has information on premature birth, birth
defects, birth defects testing, pregnancy, and prenatal care.
This U.S. Department of Health and Human Services website has vaccine information from many federal agencies. A Spanish version of the website is available at http://es.vaccines.gov.
CitationsGershon AA (2009). Varicella-zoster virus. In RD Feigin et al., eds., Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 6th ed., vol. 2, pp. 2077–2088. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.American Academy of Pediatrics (2009). Varicella-zoster infections. In LK Pickering et al., eds., Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 28th ed., pp. 714–727. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.Other Works ConsultedBreuer J, Fifer H (2011). Chickenpox, search date June 2010. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006). A new product (VariZIG™) for postexposure prophylaxis of varicella available under an investigational new drug application expanded access protocol. MMWR, 55(8): 209–210. Also available online: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5508.pdf.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR, 56(RR-4): 1–48. Also available online: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5604.pdf.Gershon AA, et al. (2008). Varicella vaccine. In SA Plotkin et al., eds., Vaccines, 5th ed., pp. 915–958. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.Habif TP (2010). Varicella section of Warts, herpes simplex, and other viral infections. In Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy, 5th ed., pp. 474–478. Edinburgh: Mosby Elsevier.Habif TP, et al. (2011). Varicella (chicken pox)
section of Viral infections. In Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 3rd ed., pp. 230–234. Edinburgh: Saunders.Hambleton S (2011). Varicella-zoster virus infections. In CD Rudolph et al., eds., Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22nd ed., pp. 1160–1164. New York: McGraw-Hill.Hirsch MS (2007). Herpesvirus infections. In DC Dale, DD Federman, eds., ACP Medicine, section 7, chap. 26. New York: WebMD.Strauss SE, et al. (2008). Varicella and herpes zoster. In K Wolff et al., eds., Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 7th ed., vol. 2, pp. 1885–1898. New York: McGraw-Hill.Whitley RJ (2010). Varicella-zoster virus. In GL Mandell et al., eds., Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 7th ed., vol. 2, pp. 1963–1969. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.Wolff K, Johnson RA (2009). Varicella zoster virus infections. In Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 6th ed., pp. 831–836. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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Last Revised:
October 13, 2011
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
John Pope, MD - Pediatrics & Thomas Emmett Francoeur, MD, MDCM, CSPQ, FRCPC - Pediatrics
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Thirteen-year-old David Avila has been taught to believe the Bible, but that is challenged by his eighth grade honors science class and evolutionist teachers. Fortunately, he isn't facing this challenge alone; with the Creation Science Club, he learns how to defend his faith to his teachers and others, and has some amazing adventures, too! Join the Creation Science Club and learn the evidence that refutes evolution and upholds the truth of the Word of God.
"Continue in your faith, established and firm, not moved from the hope held out in the gospel."—Colossians 1:23
Book 1: Challenging Ms. Eva LutionDavid and the Creation Science Club learn how to refute evolution and gather scientific evidence from Grand Canyon, the Galapagos Islands, and Yellowstone!
Book 2: Challenging Dr. E.V. LutionDavid and the Creation Science Club team up again to follow mysterious clues to a fossil hunt in Argentina. What they discover turns out to be a big problem for evolution!
Book 3: The Secret Under Mystery LakeThe new kid at school is raising a lot of questions about human ancestry. The leader of the CSC tells an amazing story to help explain where we all came from.
Book 4: The Big AugerRobberies, vandalism, and arson are all threatening the new creation museum in town, and the number one suspect is the scariest guy in town. Join the CSC as they investigate.
Book 5: The Secret Mission of T-3While in Alaska, the CSC meets a biologist who has lots of questions about Neanderthals and the Ice Age. When a sudden storm traps them in a cave, Billy James tells a fantastic story to explain how the Ice Age fits in human history.


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Welcome to my new initiative: Wednesday Whale Love! I obviously love whales, and I love whale related things, so I said to myself, "Kerry, how do I tie these things together?"
Then I had a dream. I dreamed that I was collecting all this whale memorabilia and stashing it in my closet. I started to run out of room and didn't know what to do with the new things I was collecting. Then my brother Bob said, "If you show it off to people, the size of the objects will shrink and you'll be able to fit more in your closet." He didn't look anything like my brother, but I knew it was him.
When I woke up I said, "Wednesday Whale Love."
So here we go! (the pictures are links, click 'em to get to the home sites)
I love whales, but I love books even more! Which is why I love this bookshelf:
Look how happy he is to have so many books in him!
My friend makes and sells these Woolie Whale plush things:
I think they're just adorable. And they come in so many different colors!
And last up for today is this whale's tail cork screw. Because I love anything practical AND fun:
Imagine having a dinner party and whipping this baby out. "Thanks for the wine, darling, lemme just get that cork out. Oh, this? Just a a little something I picked up while surfing the Web. A whale's tail, yes. Fancy? Thank you, so nice of you to say!"
Yeah, I went there.


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Without a doubt, one of the best thing about holidays is the seasonal sweets that come with them: pumpkin pie at Thanksgiving, chocolates for Valentine's Day, Cookies of all sorts for Christmas. And yet, for us, St. Patrick's Day has always remained a seasonal void for baked goods--though we've spied some great ideas which we hope will become the new traditions (like this or this), it still seems like the staple is Irish Soda Bread.
But why the bad blood toward the humble bread? Thinking that perhaps understanding would garner appreciation, we researched its history a bit. What we learned was a bit of surprise--not an ancient bread by any means, Irish Soda bread only dates back to the 1840's or so, when Bicarbonate of soda (the bread's yeast-alternative leavening agent) was first introduced to the country, and gained popularity not because of its deliciousness per se, but because it was quick, easy and cheap to make. Traditionally it was not a sweet bread, instead made in a griddle with the most basic of ingredients--flour, buttermilk, salt and baking soda (no sugar!). The resulting bread was dense and highly perishable, with a bit of a sour tang (read more about it here!). It is thought that the ingredients which became popular later on--sugar, raisins, carraway seeds--were added to enhance flavor and shelf life. (Also, for some trivia, it appears that while some say the typical slash atop Soda bread rounds is a cross, to ward off the devil; others say the reason for this is much more practical--simply a scoring to make it easier to divide into fourths after baking).
But moreover, it seems to us that while Irish Soda Bread is a tradition, it seems that deliciousness was never at its core. After all, additions had been made to improve the flavor over time...so why not take it a few steps further? We resolved to channel our Irish Heritage and get baking. We found a goodlookin' recipe here (sans raisins, but as you'll see below this was not a problem for us), and put together the ingredients and tried out several variations, segregating each trial in a different panel in our favorite scone pan. Here's what we tried and how it all tasted:
As a control, we tried at least one variation true to the original recipe; the resulting taste was, as expected, slightly sweet with a slight tang, tasty when just out of the oven, but largely un-exceptional after (Cakespy Note: by saying this we do not mean to talk smack about the recipe itself, but Soda Bread in general).
Our first variation was a test to see if perhaps the bread might be livened up by adding some green dye; however, while we swear some foods will taste better if they're a certain color, it was not true in the case of Irish Soda Bread. However, we would be remiss if we didn't remark on the fact that the green bread was far cuter than its classic counterpart.
Next, we tried to add a little sweetness to the mix, by soaking the raisins in sugar water before baking. We'd heard that soaking dried fruit in such a manner can plump it, discouraging dehydration during baking, and indeed, while no different in appearance than the classic recipe, the slightly sweet and far more moist raisins did add a little something. However, to really seal in the flavor, we realized that adding some frosting (green, naturally) might help. It did.
While also on that sweet path, we sampled some variations on the raisins--one with our beloved melty mints and one with jellybeans--green, naturally. In both cases, the moister texture and added bit of sweetness thanks to the additions was welcome, chasing away the acidity of the salt and baking soda. And, you know, they had a higher quotient of adorableness than the classic bread.
At this point, we felt like we had something--but it still wasn't completely realized yet. So for our final attempt, we combined all the best aspects of the above experiments into one mighty, some might say extreme Irish soda bread--green food coloring, melty mints, green jelly bellies, and of course green frosting. The result? Well, let's just say this one made us very happy to be Irish.


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Commodities markets may have gotten soaked recently, but punishing rains through the American heartland and consistently strong demand are likely to drive the storm clouds away.
Experts across the corn , wheat and soy markets expect the sharp pullback in recent weeks to be little more than a temporary correction in an overheated market.
As such, it could set up not only a good buying opportunity for investors but also an important point for companies that rely on commodities to purchase now before the trajectory resumes higher.
"We've come down to a level where we've enticed some export business again, suggesting fundamental support," says Jason Ward, market analyst at Northstar Commodity in Minneapolis. "Couple that with weather issues and you've at least got something to talk about."
Torrential rains across the Mississippi Delta have made it difficult for farmers to get much of their grains, particularly corn, into the ground yet. Only about 63 percent of the corn crop is in the ground nationally—compared to 80 percent at this time last year—while some key states such as Ohio and Indiana are well behind even that low number.
At the same time, drought conditions in Europe and China also have hampered harvests, making it almost certain that once the current pullback ends, prices will continue higher.
"I certainly view this setback as an end-user opportunity," Ward says. "I hope they're taking this opportunity to protect themselves from what should be a very volatile summer."
With planting running well behind schedule, this year's corn crop could miss Agriculture Department estimates by one million to two million acres, or about 17 percent of the total expectations of 92.2 million acres.
Corn prices, though higher Tuesday, have tumbled about 8.5 percent since hitting a historic high of $7.81 a bushel in mid-April.
But it hasn't just been corn. Metals, energy and virtually everything else in the spacehave fallen as the US dollar rebounded off multi-year lows and halted the stocks and commodities rally this year.
Investors have turned to the dollar as conditions weakened in Europe. Commodities, conversely, are seen as weak-dollar hedges, so the group has fallen on the greenback's strength.
And to be sure, there could be more problems for commodities before the market turns around.
"The reality is the selling from the other side of the market could keep a lid on things until we see some changes in outlook from that side and that starts to put money in commodities," says Darin Newsom, senior analyst at DTN in Omaha, Neb. "Long-term, we are going to see the market come higher."
Newsom sees corn prices easily reaching $7.50 a bushel with $8 a possibility, while soybeans could reach $15 and wheat likely will approach $9. He sees the biggest gains coming first from corn, then having a domino effect into the rest of the grains space.
"More than likely when the money does change direction again it probably is going to lead to a spike because you won't find many sellers," he says.
In addition to buying futures contracts, investors can play grains through exchange-traded funds, one of the most popular being the Barclays iPath Grains fund, which is off more than 9 percent since its February high.
Another of the main reasons for the fall of commodities has been the extent to which speculators have been driven out of the market, particularly in silver, which plunged after exchanges raised the margin amount that traders needed to buy an options contract.
However, speculators have not been completely washed out, with Bank of America Merrill Lynch reporting that "large specs are extremely net long commodities," suggesting from a contrarian point of view that more damage could be done. Even then, price drops likely would be temporary.
"In our view, any pullbacks for commodities are just corrections within a longer-term secular bull market for commodities," the firm wrote in a research note for clients. "Our longer-term view remains that commodities are in a secular bull market that lasts another 5 to 7 years."
Interestingly, while Americans howl over how high commodity prices have risen, driving up food and transportation costs dramatically, the drop in prices has brought one large corn order from North Korea and another believed to be from Japan.
"The markets in general are pulling back, but we're seeing commodities markets that have more positive fundamentals looking forward beginning to catch hold," Terry Roggensack, of the Hightower Report, told CNBC in an interview. "The rest of the world is not seeing our commodity prices are high as we feel they are here."


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How to Manage Your Droid's Android Market Apps
The Android Market isn't only where you buy apps for your Droid X; it's also where you perform app management. App management includes reviewing apps you've downloaded to your Droid, updating apps, and removing apps you no longer want.
Reviewing your downloads
You may sport a whole host of apps on your Droid X. It's kind of fun to download new software and give your phone new abilities. You can always review the apps you've acquired:
Start the Market app.
Press the Menu soft button.
Choose Downloads.
Scroll your downloaded apps.
The Downloads list is accurate in that it represents apps you've downloaded. Some apps in the list, however, might not be installed on your Droid X: They were downloaded, installed, and then removed.
Updating an app
One nice thing about using the Android Market to get new software is that the Market also notifies you of new versions of the programs you download. Whenever a new version of any app is available, the Updates Available notification icon appears.
Update an app:
Turn on the phone's Wi-Fi access, if it's available.
Updates are downloaded from the Internet, which means the faster your phone can connect, the more quickly the updates are made.
Choose the updated app; touch it to open more details.
Touch an app with the Update Available flag.
Touch the Update button.
Touch the OK button to heed the warning.
Downloading an update means that an entirely new version of the app is downloaded and installed, replacing the current version. That's okay.
(Optional) Read any services that the app uses on your phone and then touch the OK button.
The update is downloaded.
After the download is complete, pull down the notifications and select the downloaded app from the notification list.
When you first start the updated app, you may be asked to agree (again) to the licensing terms.
Touch the I Agree button, if necessary.
Now you can start using the app.
Removing installed software
You may have a few reasons to remove installed software:
You just don't like a program or it does something so hideously annoying that you find removal of the app to be emotionally satisfying.
You have a better program that does the same thing.
You want to free up a modicum of storage on the phone's internal storage area or MicroSD card.
Whatever the reason, you can remove an app from your Droid X:
Start the Market app.
Press the Menu soft button.
Choose the Downloads heading to summon a list of all software you've downloaded into your phone.
Touch the app that offends you.
Touch the Uninstall button.
Touch the OK button to confirm.
The app is removed.
Fill in the survey that appears to specify why you removed the app.
Be honest, or be as honest as you can given the short list of reasons.
Touch OK.
The app is gone!
The app continues to appear on the Downloads list, even after it's been removed. After all, you downloaded it once. That doesn't mean that the app is installed.
In most cases, if you uninstall a paid app before 24 hours has passed, your credit card or account is fully refunded. And you can always reinstall paid apps that you've uninstalled. You aren't charged twice for doing so.


text:
You naturally develop an emotional bond with your baby simply by
spending time together, being physically close, and responding to his or her
cues. Although the bond does not require special planning, keep the following
in mind:
When your baby develops a strong emotional attachment to you, he or
she builds a foundation for establishing positive relationships throughout
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Articles tagged with: Black unemployment
Why the AFL-CIO must address Black criminalization and (un)employment: A position paper
In hopes of pushing the AFL-CIO to expand its agenda, we want to address here why the two issues of police targeting of African Americans and Black (un)employment are intertwined. This is more than a theoretical exercise given the aforementioned Black unemployment rate—which is higher in each state than the overall rate—and the fact that African Americans have a higher arrest rate, a higher imprisonment rate, and a disproportionate number under some type of community supervision than other racial groups. While the AFL-CIO is of course not the only labor organization in the United States, we purposefully address our concerns to the federation as it involves 56 national and international labor unions representing 12.2 million people in a country with only 16 million people represented by a union (those who are union members or have jobs covered by unions or employee association contracts). Thus, the AFL-CIO is one of the largest and most powerful labor organizations in a country and world experiencing one of the worst financial crisis in decades.
This position statement addresses four issues related to the criminalization of African Americans and Black (un)employment: 1) arrest and conviction records and what this means for job applications and licensing; 2) surveillance on the way to work; 3) the health impact of criminalization and what this means for Black employment status; and 4) mass incarceration and prison labor. Our goal is to synthesize some of the ways the criminalization impacts African Americans' efforts to seek work or maintain employment and also encourage the AFL-CIO to prioritize addressing the Black unemployment crisis.
Why Obama's 'Black Job Plan' Won't Resolve Black Unemployment
Why Obama's 'Black Job Plan' Won't Resolve Black Unemployment
Tamara K. Nopper
September 25, 2011
Recently, President Barack Obama addressed the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) and concerns that he was ignoring the disproportionately high unemployment rate among African …


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WAG Announces Restructuring
The Winnipeg Art Gallery is undertaking a restructuring of its staff to better align the organization as it moves into capital campaign mode and approaches its 100th anniversary next year. The restructuring will see a streamlining of the organization with the purpose of introducing and improving efficiencies across departments.
Meetings with the union regarding the restructuring were held several weeks prior to an invitation to staff to take advantage of a buy-out package. Two long-time employees serving in the Gallery Shop and Museum Services departments accepted the offer of buy-out packages. Two additional layoffs, effective immediately, are being made in the area of Engineering and Facility Rentals.
"The restructuring of our staff is in the long-term best interests of the WAG, its membership, and all stakeholders," says Director Stephen Borys. "Our process was to invite input from all staff, and as a result, today's announcement was not a surprise to our staff who were aware that a combination of buy-outs and layoffs were being offered. With this restructuring, we were seeking a reduction of eight percent in the full- and part-time staff complement, and this was achieved. As these positions are not in the service sector, we do not anticipate any service disruption to the public."
Approaching its centenary in 2012, the WAG is Canada¹s oldest civic art gallery and Manitoba¹s leading visual arts institution. With a collection of over 24,000 objects spanning many centuries and cultures ¬ including the world¹s largest collection of contemporary Inuit art ¬ the WAG is constantly moving between the historical and the contemporary in an effort to engage a growing public with the power of art in our lives.
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A new site I'm working on is looking good in the major browsers, mac and pc, but something's wrong when viewed on an iPad2 - specifically the background tiles. In this design I use one giant bg image for the homepage, and a slightly different version for all the rest of the pages. I have a header.php and and header-2.php, and header.php has:
<body id="homeback">
and the header-2.php has
<body id="insideback">
When I remove the background tiles the rest of the page content all render normally; when I add the tiles they appear distorted and create a weird sort of margin. The tile is "expendable" for the inside pages but critical for the homepage.
See http://126.96.36.199/~weddioi2/ for the site under construction. We'll be adding a slideshow in place of the photo in the left column on the homepage and we're still fussing around with little details on inside pages but it's nearly done.
Any help would be greatly appreciated!!


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Aromatherapy and Much More
You have entered the realm of Healing Arts. It is a belief that every aroma in our lives provides stimulus which is directly related to our welfare. These products aid in the relief of pain and debilitating diseases.They accomplish this by stimulating the brain to produce hormones and other chemicals so that the body can begin the healing process by itself, without simply masking the symptoms produced by some underlying defect. Headaches, muscle aches, and other pains, are caused by numerous things in our lives. But there is almost always some physiological problem which prevents us from quickly eliminating the pain. Aromatherapy is finally being embraced by the mainstream medical community as they have found it to be beneficial.
There are
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one of the most ancient techniques for the betterment of the basic health of the ears, which aid in balance, hearing and overall well being of the sinuses. These were first discovered by the Native American Tribes who used reeds as cones to start the venturi action, which is the heart of these cones. They are made from the finest beeswax and linen, so as to provide you with a the highest quality product available.
There is an aisle to explore so that you can order a comprehensive
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, made with only the purest of essential oils and PURE Grape seed, Almond, or JoJoba oil.
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What if satan is the good guy and god is the tyranny and evil? i don't consider this a heavy philosophical question, but i need discussion none the less haha
satan only killed under 10 people (don't quote me on this fact, i'm sure someone has a more accurate answer), wheres as god...im sure you can work that one out. i.e the almakites
might doesn't equal right, is there a book of satan? what if hell is not hellish?, but only told from the people bias of heaven and god
Views: 1429
They say that history is written by the winners, and if the winner and loser themselves (god and satan) don't exist, then the representatives of the winners would tend to dominate things, no great surprise.
If there is a real contest here, it is between rationality and irrationality, with the latter currently holding the majority, while rationalism may be slowly but surely ascending. Personally, I don't like the satan vs. god model, as I don't care for either of those characters and neither has any demonstrated existence. Rationality vs irrationality, however, is VERY demonstrable, and I think that is where our focus should be.
You posit a question that has been answered enthusiastically (in both senses of the word) by the world's Gnostic sects. In the Mideastern tradition there are the Yezidis, who worship Satan in a cave, lighting candles to His name: they see the Devil as ruling this world, so He must be the true God. Similarly, the early and medieval Christian Gnostics included such "satanic" sects as the Cainites, who turned the litany of saints in the O.T. upside down, claiming, for example, that Cain was infinitely superior to Abel because the latter was favored by another god called Ialdabaoth, just as Korah was superior to Moses. When you stop to think about it, why villify Judas of Kerioth since it was only through his interventioin that the Messiah was allowed to go to his death that we all might have eternal life? (You can say one thing: the religious have practically monopolized blindness to reason.) Ialdabaoth is actually the same as Yahweh and Jehovah, but he is satanic. Only Abraxas is divine.
Excellent information! I enjoy learning the obscure points of religion.
Really excellent point! Considering how awful the bible god, "God", behaves, arbitrary, mean, murderous, angry, just really really cruel, the god "Satan" might well be a nicer person. And if "God" is lying to everyone, then maybe you are right that hell is not hellish. Considering that the supporters of "God" always seem to want to kill and punish people, they are more demonic than demons.
Of course, it's what the followers do that's important. The rest is all fiction.
Regarding christianity, in theory, it is logically valid to say that in reality god is evil and the events in the bible are just a (flawed) publicity stunt to make him appear good and satan is actually the good guy fighting against him and has been subjected to a smear campaign.
I think a good case could also be made for comparing god to an evil facist dictator, crushing those who oppose him, demanding obedience and requiring adoration and material wealth.
To be honest, I think that might does equal right when talking about gods. If the supreme god says that something is right and chooses to reward conformity and punish disagreement with this, there is nothing and no-one that can cause the situation to be otherwise. It's not fair, but then neither is reality.
Thank you, Ladies.
I slapped this together a few years ago at at Motifake.
I posted it there when I was finished and didn't think much of it 'til a few days later, when I got a nasty-gram E-mail from one of their Moderators, telling me to knock it off with the anti-religious stuff and find another subject.
It was the only one I had posted among at least a hundred like it that others had posted.
Go figure...
I can only assume I musta' hit a nerve.
Or a bone.
Anyway, it's been collecting dust in my Photobucket account, waiting for me to drag it out.
Glad it was for some folks who appreciate it.
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