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Grow light
A grow light or plant light is an artificial light source, generally an electric light, designed to stimulate plant growth by emitting a light appropriate for photosynthesis. Grow lights are used in applications where there is either no naturally occurring light, or where supplemental light is required. For example, in the winter months when the available hours of daylight may be insufficient for the desired plant growth, lights are used to extend the time the plants receive light. If plants do not receive enough light, they will grow long and spindly.
Grow lights either attempt to provide a light spectrum similar to that of the sun, or to provide a spectrum that is more tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated. Outdoor conditions are mimicked with varying colour, temperatures and spectral outputs from the grow light, as well as varying the intensity of the lamps. Depending on the type of plant being cultivated, the stage of cultivation (e.g. the germination/vegetative phase or the flowering/fruiting phase), and the photoperiod required by the plants, specific ranges of spectrum, luminous efficacy and colour temperature are desirable for use with specific plants and time periods.
Russian botanist Andrei Famintsyn was the first to use artificial light for plant growing and research (1868).
- 1 Typical use
- 2 Common types
- 2.1 High intensity discharge (HID) lights
- 2.2 Light emitting diodes (LEDs)
- 2.3 Fluorescent
- 3 Light requirements of plants
- 4 See also
- 5 See also
- 6 References
Typical useEdit
Grow lights are used for horticulture, indoor gardening, plant propagation and food production, including indoor hydroponics and aquatic plants. Although most grow lights are used on an industrial level, they can also be used in households.
According to the inverse-square law, the intensity of light radiating from a point source (in this case a bulb) that reaches a surface is inversely proportional to the square of the surface's distance from the source (if an object is twice as far away, it receives only a quarter the light) which is a serious hurdle for indoor growers, and many techniques are employed to use light as efficiently as possible. Reflectors are thus often used in the lights to maximize light efficiency. Plants or lights are moved as close together as possible so that they receive equal lighting and that all light coming from the lights falls on the plants rather than on the surrounding area.
A range of bulb types can be used as grow lights, such as incandescents, fluorescent lights, high-intensity discharge lamps (HID), and light-emitting diodes (LED). Today, the most widely used lights for professional use are HIDs and fluorescents. Indoor flower and vegetable growers typically use high-pressure sodium (HPS/SON) and metal halide (MH) HID lights, but fluorescents and LEDs are replacing metal halides due to their efficiency and economy.[1]
Metal halide lights are regularly used for the vegetative phase of plant growth, as they emit larger amounts of blue and ultraviolet radiation.[2][3] With the introduction of ceramic metal halide lighting and full-spectrum metal halide lighting, they are increasingly being utilized as an exclusive source of light for both vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Blue spectrum light may trigger a greater vegetative response in plants.[4][5][6]
High-pressure sodium lights are also used as a single source of light throughout the vegetative and reproductive stages. As well, they may be used as an amendment to full-spectrum lighting during the reproductive stage. Red spectrum light may trigger a greater flowering response in plants.[7] If high-pressure sodium lights are used for the vegetative phase, plants grow slightly more quickly, but will have longer internodes, and may be longer overall.
In recent years LED technology has been introduced into the grow light market. By designing an indoor grow light using diodes, specific wavelengths of light can be produced. NASA has tested LED grow lights for their high efficiency in growing food in space for extraterrestrial colonization. Findings showed that plants are affected by light in the red, green and blue parts of the visible light spectrum.[8][9]
Common typesEdit
High intensity discharge (HID) lightsEdit
Fluorescent lighting was formerly the most common type of indoor grow light but HID lights have surpassed them.[10] High intensity discharge lamps have a high lumen-per-watt efficiency.[11] There are several different types of HID lights including mercury vapor, metal halide, high pressure sodium and conversion bulbs. Metal halide and HPS lamps produce a color spectrum that is somewhat comparable to the sun and can be used to grow plants. Mercury vapor lamps were the first type of HIDs and were widely used for street lighting, but when it comes to indoor gardening they produce a relatively poor spectrum for plant growth so they have been mostly replaced by other types of HIDs for growing plants.[11]
All HID grow lights require an electrical ballast to operate, and each ballast has a particular power rating. Popular HID ratings include 150W, 250W, 400W, 600W and 1000W. 600W HID lights are the most electrically efficient as far as light produced, followed by 1000W. A 600W HPS produces 7% more light (lumen-per-watt) than a 1000W HPS.[11]
Although all HID lamps work on the same principle, the different types of bulbs have different starting and voltage requirements, as well as different operating characteristics and physical shape. Because of this a bulb won't work properly without a matching ballast, even if the bulb will physically screw in. In addition to producing lower levels of light, mismatched bulbs and ballasts will stop working early, or may even burn out immediately.[11]
Metal halide (MH)Edit
Metal halide bulbs are a type of HID light that emit light in the blue and violet parts of the light spectrum, which is similar to the light that is available outdoors during spring.[12] Because their light mimics the color spectrum of the sun, some growers find that plants look more pleasing under a metal halide than other types of HID lights such as the HPS which distort the color of plants. Therefore, it's more common for a metal halide to be used when the plants are on display in the home (for example with ornamental plants) and natural color is preferred. Metal halide bulbs need to be replaced about once a year, compared to HPS lights which last twice as long.
Metal halide lamps are widely used in the horticultural industry and are well-suited to supporting plants in earlier developmental stages by promoting stronger roots, better resistance against disease and more compact growth.[12] The blue spectrum of light encourages compact, leafy growth and may be better suited to growing vegetative plants with lots of foliage.
A metal halide bulb produces 60-125 lumens/watt, depending on the wattage of the bulb.[13]
They are now being made for digital ballasts in a pulse start version, which have higher electrical efficiency (up to 110 lumens per watt) and faster warmup.[14] One common example of a pulse start metal halide is the ceramic metal halide (CMH). Pulse start metal halide bulbs can come in any desired spectrum from cool white (7000 K) to warm white (3000 K) and even ultraviolet-heavy (10,000 K).[citation needed]
Ceramic metal halide (CMH, CDM)Edit
Ceramic metal halide (CMH) lamps are a relatively new type of HID lighting, and the technology is referred to by a few names when it comes to grow lights, including ceramic discharge metal halide (CDM),[15] ceramic arc metal halide.
Ceramic metal halide lights are started with a pulse-starter, just like other "pulse-start" metal halides.[15] The discharge of a ceramic metal halide bulb is contained in a type of ceramic material known as polycrystalline alumina (PCA), which is similar to the material used for an HPS. PCA reduces sodium loss, which in turn reduces color shift and variation compared to standard MH bulbs.[14] Horticultural CDM offerings from companies such as Philips have proven to be effective sources of growth light for medium-wattage applications.[16]
Combination MH and HPS ("Dual arc")Edit
Combination HPS/MH lights combine a metal halide and a high-pressure sodium in the same bulb, providing both red and blue spectrums in a single HID lamp. The combination of blue metal halide light and red high-pressure sodium light is an attempt to provide a very wide spectrum within a single lamp. This allows for a single bulb solution throughout the entire life cycle of the plant, from vegetative growth through flowering. There are potential tradeoffs for the convenience of a single bulb in terms of yield. There are however some qualitative benefits that come for the wider light spectrum.
High-pressure sodium (HPS)Edit
High-pressure sodium lights are a more efficient type of HID lighting than metal halides. HPS bulbs emit light in the yellow/red visible light as well as small portions of all other visible light. Since HPS grow lights deliver more energy in the red part of the light spectrum, they may promote blooming and fruiting.[10] They are used as a supplement to natural daylight in greenhouse lighting and full-spectrum lighting(metal halide) or, as a standalone source of light for indoors/grow chambers.
HPS grow lights are sold in the following sizes: 150W, 250W, 400W, 600W and 1000W.[10] Of all the sizes, 600W HID lights are the most electrically efficient as far as light produced, followed by 1000W. A 600W HPS produces 7% more light (watt-for-watt) than a 1000W HPS.[11]
An HPS bulb produces 60-140 lumens/watt, depending on the wattage of the bulb.[17]
Plants grown under HPS lights tend to elongate from the lack of blue/ultraviolet radiation. Modern horticultural HPS lamps have a much better adjusted spectrum for plant growth. The majority of HPS lamps while providing good growth, offer poor color rendering index (CRI) rendering. As a result, the yellowish light of an HPS can make monitoring plant health indoors more difficult. CRI isn't an issue when HPS lamps are used as supplemental lighting in greenhouses which make use of natural daylight (which offsets the yellow light of the HPS).
High-pressure sodium lights have a long usable bulb life, and six times more light output per watt of energy consumed than a standard incandescent grow light. Due to their high efficiency and the fact that plants grown in greenhouses get all the blue light they need naturally, these lights are the preferred supplemental greenhouse lights. But, in the higher latitudes, there are periods of the year where sunlight is scarce, and additional sources of light are indicated for proper growth. HPS lights may cause distinctive infrared and optical signatures, which can attract insects or other species of pests; these may in turn threaten the plants being grown. High-pressure sodium lights emit a lot of heat, which can cause leggier growth, although this can be controlled by using special air-cooled bulb reflectors or enclosures.
Conversion bulbsEdit
Conversion bulbs are manufactured so they work with either a MH or HPS ballast. A grower can run an HPS conversion bulb on a MH ballast, or a MH conversion bulb on a HPS ballast. The difference between the ballasts is an HPS ballast has an igniter which ignites the sodium in an HPS bulb, while a MH ballast does not. Because of this, all electrical ballasts can fire MH bulbs, but only a Switchable or HPS ballast can fire an HPS bulb without a conversion bulb.[18] Usually a metal halide conversion bulb will be used in an HPS ballast since the MH conversion bulbs are more common.
Switchable ballastsEdit
A switchable ballast is an HID ballast can be used with either a metal halide or an HPS bulb of equivalent wattage. So a 600W Switchable ballast would work with either a 600W MH or HPS.[10] Growers use these fixtures for propagating and vegetatively growing plants under the metal halide, then switching to a high-pressure sodium bulb for the fruiting or flowering stage of plant growth. To change between the lights, only the bulb needs changing and a switch needs to be set to the appropriate setting.
Light emitting diodes (LEDs)Edit
LED grow lights are composed of multiple individual light-emitting diodes, usually in a casing with a heat sink and built-in fans. LED grow lights do not usually require a separate ballast and can be plugged directly into a standard electrical socket.
Individual LEDs usually provide only a single narrow range of colors, and so different color LEDs are mixed in grow lights in proportions depending on the intended use. It is known from the study of photomorphogenesis that green, red, far-red and blue light spectra have an effect on root formation, plant growth, and flowering, but there are not enough scientific studies or field-tested trials using LED grow lights to recommended specific color ratios for optimal plant growth under LED grow lights.[19] It has been shown that many plants will grow normally if given both red and blue light.[20][21][22] However, many studies indicate that red and blue light only provides the most cost efficient method of growth, plant growth is still better under light supplemented with green.[23][24][25]
White LED grow lights provide a full spectrum of light designed to mimic natural light, providing plants a balanced spectrum of red, blue and green. The spectrum used varies, however, white LED grow lights are designed to emit similar amounts of red and blue light with the added green light to appear white. White LED grow lights are often used for supplemental lighting in home and office spaces.
A large number of plant species have been assessed in greenhouse trials to make sure plants have higher quality in biomass and biochemical ingredients even higher or comparable with field conditions. Plant performance of mint, basil, lentil, lettuce, cabbage, parsley, carrot were measured by assessing health and vigor of plants and success in promoting growth. Promoting in profuse flowering of select ornamentals including primula, marigold, stock were also noticed.[26]
In tests conducted by Philips Lighting on LED grow lights to find an optimal light recipe for growing various vegetables in greenhouses, they found that the following aspects of light affects both plant growth (photosynthesis) and plant development (morphology): light intensity, total light over time, light at which moment of the day, light/dark period per day, light quality (spectrum), light direction and light distribution over the plants. However it's noted that in tests between tomatoes, mini cucumbers and bell peppers, the optimal light recipe was not the same for all plants, and varied depending on both the crop and the region, so currently they must optimize LED lighting in greenhouses based on trial and error. They've shown that LED light affects disease resistance, taste and nutritional levels, but as of 2014 they haven't found a practical way to use that information.[27]
The diodes used in initial LED grow light designs were usually 1/3 watt to 1 watt in power. However, higher wattage diodes such as 3 watt and 5 watt diodes are now commonly used in LED grow lights. For highly compacted areas, COB chips between 10 watts and 100 watts can be used. Because of heat dissipation, these chips are often less efficient.
To prevent leaf burn, LED grow lights should be kept between 12 inches (30 cm) away from plants for lower wattage lamps (under 300 watts) up to 36 inches (91 cm) away from plants for higher wattage lamps (1000 watts or more).
Historically, LED lighting was very expensive, but costs have greatly reduced over time, and their longevity has made them more popular. LED grow lights are often priced higher, watt-for-watt, than other LED lighting, due to design features that help them to be more energy efficient and last longer. In particular, because LED grow lights are relatively high power, LED grow lights are often equipped with cooling systems, as low temperature improves both the brightness and longevity. LEDs usually last for 50,000 - 90,000 hours until LM-70 is reached.[citation needed]
Fluorescent lights come in many form factors, including long, thin bulbs as well as smaller spiral shaped bulbs (compact fluorescent lights). Fluorescent lights are available in color temperatures ranging from 2700 K to 10,000 K. The luminous efficacy ranges from 30 lm/W to 90 lm/W. The two main types of fluorescent lights used for growing plants are the tube-style lights and compact fluorescent lights.
Tube-style fluorescent lightsEdit
Fluorescent grow lights are not as intense as HID lights and are usually used for growing vegetables and herbs indoors, or for starting seedlings to get a jump start on spring plantings. A ballast is needed to run these types of fluorescent lights.[17]
Standard fluorescent lighting comes in multiple form factors, including the T5, T8 and T12. The brightest version is the T5. The T8 and T12 are less powerful and are more suited to plants with lower light needs. High-output fluorescent lights produce twice as much light as standard fluorescent lights. A high-output fluorescent fixture has a very thin profile, making it useful in vertically limited areas.
Fluorescents have an average usable life span of up to 20,000 hours. A fluorescent grow light produces 33-100 lumens/watt, depending on the form factor and wattage.[13]
Compact fluorescent lights (CFLs)Edit
Compact Fluorescent lights (CFLs) are smaller versions of fluorescent lights that were originally designed as pre-heat lamps, but are now available in rapid-start form. CFLs have largely replaced incandescent light bulbs in households because they last longer and are much more electrically efficient.[17] In some cases, CFLs are also used as grow lights. Like standard fluorescent lights, they are useful for propagation and situations where relatively low light levels are needed.
While standard CFLs in small sizes can be used to grow plants, there are also now CFL lamps made specifically for growing plants. Often these larger compact fluorescent bulbs are sold with specially designed reflectors that direct light to plants, much like HID lights. Common CFL grow lamp sizes include 125W, 200W, 250W and 300W.
Unlike HID lights, CFLs fit in a standard mogul light socket and don't need a separate ballast.[10]
Compact fluorescent bulbs are available in warm/red (2700 K), full spectrum or daylight (5000 K) and cool/blue (6500 K) versions. Warm red spectrum is recommended for flowering, and cool blue spectrum is recommended for vegetative growth.[10]
Usable life span for compact fluorescent grow lights is about 10,000 hours.[17] A CFL produces 44-80 lumens/watt, depending on the wattage of the bulb.[13]
Examples of lumens and lumens/watt for different size CFLs:
|CFL Wattage
|Initial Lumens
Cold cathode fluorescent light (CCFL)Edit
A cold cathode is a cathode that is not electrically heated by a filament. A cathode may be considered "cold" if it emits more electrons than can be supplied by thermionic emission alone. It is used in gas-discharge lamps, such as neon lamps, discharge tubes, and some types of vacuum tube. The other type of cathode is a hot cathode, which is heated by electric current passing through a filament. A cold cathode does not necessarily operate at a low temperature: it is often heated to its operating temperature by other methods, such as the current passing from the cathode into the gas.
Light requirements of plantsEdit
A plant's specific needs determine which lighting is most appropriate for optimum growth. If a plant does not get enough light, it will not grow, regardless of other conditions. Most plants use chlorophyll which mostly reflects green light, but absorbs red and blue light well. For grow lights, this means that providing predominately blue and red light spectrum is relatively efficient.
Color spectrumEdit
Different grow lights produce different spectrums of light. Plant growth patterns can respond to the color spectrum of light, a process completely separate from photosynthesis known as photomorphogenesis.[28]
Natural daylight has a high color temperature (approximately 5000-5800 K). Visible light color varies according to the weather and the angle of the Sun, and specific quantities[further explanation needed] of light (measured in lumens) stimulate photosynthesis. The axis of the Earth is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the sun. During half of the year the north pole is tilted towards sun so the northern hemisphere gets nearly direct sunlight and the southern hemisphere gets oblique sunlight that must travel through more atmosphere before it reaches the Earth's surface. In the other half of the year, this is reversed. Although the color spectrum of visible light that the sun emits does not change, the quantity (more during the summer and less in winter) and quality of light reaching the Earth's surface do. Some supplemental LED grow lights in vertical greenhouses produce a combination of only red and blue wavelengths.[29] The color rendering index facilitates comparison of how closely the light matches the natural color of regular sunlight.
The ability of a plant to absorb light varies with species and environment, however, the general measurement for the light quality as it affects plants is the PAR value, or Photosynthetically Active Radiation.
There have been several experiments using LEDs to grow plants, and it has been shown that plants need both red and blue light for healthy growth.
Within the light spectrum different colors have different effects. The exact effects depend on the plant.
From experiments it has been consistently found that the plants that are growing only under LEDs red (660 nm, long waves) spectrum growing poorly with leaf deformities, though adding a small amount of blue allows most plants to grow normally.[23] In general, red light encourages leafy growth and biomass, however red light alone can make plants grow too tall, and may produce blisters on leaves, and can block chlorophyll production which will eventually halt photosynthesis.[30]:p25
Several reports suggest that a minimum blue light requirement of 15-30 µmol·m−2·s−1 is necessary for normal development in several plant species.[22][31][32]
Blue light increases antioxidants and regulates stomatal opening and can prevent plants from growing too tall. Blue light on its own can cause lack of growth, and cause leaf distortions.[30]:p25
Green light is mostly reflected, but is used in small amounts by plants for photosynthesis, seedling, leaf and flower development and can reach lower leaves. [30]:p20 Green light has been shown to affect plant processes via both cryptochrome-dependent and cryptochrome-independent means. Generally, the effects of green light are the opposite of those directed by red and blue wavebands, and it's speculated that green light works in orchestration with red and blue.[33]
Ultraviolet is not used photosynthetically by plants, and causes damage. However, in small quantities this damage can trigger plants to produce resins, oils, antioxidants and flavors.[30]:p21
Many studies indicate that even with blue light added to red LEDs, plant growth is still better under white light, or light supplemented with green.[23][24][25] Neil C Yorio demonstrated that by adding 10% blue light (400 to 500 nm) to the red light (660 nm) in LEDs, certain plants like lettuce[20] and wheat[21] grow normally, producing the same dry weight as control plants grown under full spectrum light. However, other plants like radish and spinach grow poorly, and although they did better under 10% blue light than red-only light, they still produced significantly lower dry weights compared to control plants under a full spectrum light. Yorio speculates there may be additional spectra of light that some plants need for optimal growth.[20]
Greg D. Goins examined the growth and seed yield of Arabidopsis plants grown from seed to seed under red LED lights with 0%, 1%, or 10% blue spectrum light. Arabidopsis plants grown under only red LEDS alone produced seeds, but had unhealthy leaves, and plants took twice as long to start flowering compared to the other plants in the experiment that had access to blue light. Plants grown with 10% blue light produced half the seeds of those grown under full spectrum, and those with 0% or 1% blue light produced one-tenth the seeds of the full spectrum plants. The seeds all germinated at a high rate under all light types tested.[22]
Hyeon-Hye Kim demonstrated that the addition of 24% green light (500-600 nm) to red and blue LEDs enhanced the growth of lettuce plants. These RGB treated plants not only produced higher dry and wet weight and greater leaf area than plants grown under just red and blue LEDs, they also produced more than control plants grown under cool white fluorescent lamps, which are the typical standard for full spectrum light in plant research.[24][25] She reported that the addition of green light also makes it easier to see if the plant is healthy since leaves appear green and normal. However, giving nearly all green light (86%) to lettuce produced lower yields than all the other groups.[24]
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Biological Sciences research group has concluded that light sources consisting of more than 50% green cause reductions in plant growth, whereas combinations including up to 24% green enhance growth for some species.[34]
Grow lights usage is dependent on the plant's phase of growth. Generally speaking, during the seedling/clone phase, plants should receive 16+ hours on, 8- hours off. The vegetative phase typically requires 18 hours on, and 6 hours off. During the final, flower stage of growth, keeping grow lights on for 12 hours on and 12 hours off is recommended.[citation needed]
Vegetables grow best in strong sunlight, and to flourish indoors they need sufficient light levels, whereas foliage plants (e.g. Philodendron) grow in full shade and can grow normally with much lower light levels.[citation needed]
In addition, many plants also require both dark and light periods, an effect known as photoperiodism, to trigger flowering. Therefore, lights may be turned on or off at set times. The optimum photo/dark period ratio depends on the species and variety of plant, as some prefer long days and short nights and others prefer the opposite or intermediate "day lengths".
Much emphasis is placed on photoperiod when discussing plant development. However, it is the number of hours of darkness that affects a plant's response to day length.[35] In general, a "short-day" is one in which the photoperiod is no more than 12 hours. A "long-day" is one in which the photoperiod is no less than 14 hours. Short-day plants are those that flower when the day length is less than a critical duration. Long-day plants are those that only flower when the photoperiod is greater than a critical duration. Day-neutral plants are those that flower regardless of photoperiod.[36]
Plants that flower in response to photoperiod may have a facultative or obligate response. A facultative response means that a plant will eventually flower regardless of photoperiod, but will flower faster if grown under a particular photoperiod. An obligate response means that the plant will only flower if grown under a certain photoperiod.[37]
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)Edit
Lux and lumens are commonly used to measure light levels, but they are photometric units which measure the intensity of light as perceived by the human eye.
The spectral levels of light that can be used by plants for photosynthesis is similar to, but not the same as what's measured by lumens. Therefore, when it comes to measuring the amount of light available to plants for photosynthesis, biologists often measure the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) received by a plant.[38] PAR designates the spectral range of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers, which generally corresponds to the spectral range that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis.
The irradiance of PAR can be expressed in units of energy flux (W/m2), which is relevant in energy-balance considerations for photosynthetic organisms. However, photosynthesis is a quantum process and the chemical reactions of photosynthesis are more dependent on the number of photons than the amount of energy contained in the photons.[38] Therefore, plant biologists often quantify PAR using the number of photons in the 400-700 nm range received by a surface for a specified amount of time, or the Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD).[38] This is normally measured using mol m−2s−1, but the value relevant for plant growth is the Daily light integral (DLI), the PPFD integrated over 24 hours.
Most plant species will grow well with a DLI of 5-15 mol m-2 day-1. Shade-tolerant species can grow with DLI values of 1-3 mol m-2 day-1, light-demanding species easily handle 30-50 mol m-2 day-1.[39]
See alsoEdit
See alsoEdit
- ^ "Are LED Grow Lights Really That Efficient?". feedtheseeds. 2019-02-22.
- ^ http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/30/2/374.full.pdf
- ^ Learning centre Archived 2013-09-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Plant Growth Factors: Light Archived 2013-12-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/aphalo/photobio/pdf/notes1.pdf
- ^ Phototropins Promote Plant Growth in Response to Blue Light in Low Light Environments
- ^ http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/45/2/236.full.pdf
- ^ Green-light Supplementation for Enhanced Lettuce Growth under Red- and Blue-light-emitting Diodes
- ^ Green Light Drives Leaf Photosynthesis More Efficiently than Red Light in Strong White Light: Revisiting the Enigmatic Question of Why Leaves are Green
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- ^ a b Turner, Wayne C.; Doty, Steve (2007-01-01). Energy Management Handbook. The Fairmont Press, Inc. p. 376. ISBN 9780881735437.
- ^ http://www.cycloptics.com/sites/default/files/initial_testing_results.pdf
- ^ a b c d Anil Ahuja (9 March 2013). Integrated M/E Design: Building Systems Engineering. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 28–31. ISBN 978-1-4757-5514-5.
- ^ "Conversion (MH<-->HPS)". Growers House. Growers House. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". leds.hrt.msu.edu. Retrieved 2015-09-19.
- ^ a b c Yorio, Neil C.; Goins, Gregory D.; Kagie, Hollie R.; Wheeler, Raymond M.; Sager, John C. (2001-04-01). "Improving Spinach, Radish, and Lettuce Growth under Red Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) with Blue Light Supplementation". HortScience. 36 (2): 380–383. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.36.2.380. ISSN 0018-5345.
- ^ a b Goins, G. D.; Yorio, N. C.; Sanwo, M. M.; Brown, C. S. (1997-07-01). "Photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis, and seed yield of wheat plants grown under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with and without supplemental blue lighting". Journal of Experimental Botany. 48 (312): 1407–1413. doi:10.1093/jxb/48.7.1407. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 11541074.
- ^ a b c Goins, G. D.; Yorio, N. C.; Sanwo-Lewandowski, M. M.; Brown, C. S. (1998-01-01). "Life cycle experiments with Arabidopsis grown under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs)". Life Support & Biosphere Science: International Journal of Earth Space. 5 (2): 143–149. ISSN 1069-9422. PMID 11541670.
- ^ a b c Massa, Gioia D.; Kim, Hyeon-Hye; Wheeler, Raymond M.; Mitchell, Cary A. (2008-12-01). "Plant Productivity in Response to LED Lighting". HortScience. 43 (7): 1951–1956. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.43.7.1951. ISSN 0018-5345.
- ^ a b c d Kim, Hyeon-Hye; Wheeler, Raymond M.; Sager, John C.; Yorio, Neil C.; Goins, Gregory D. (2005-01-01). "Light-emitting diodes as an illumination source for plants: a review of research at Kennedy Space Center". Habitation (Elmsford, N.Y.). 10 (2): 71–78. doi:10.3727/154296605774791232. ISSN 1542-9660. PMID 15751143.
- ^ a b c Kim, Hyeon-Hye; Goins, Gregory D.; Wheeler, Raymond M.; Sager, John C. (2004-12-01). "Green-light Supplementation for Enhanced Lettuce Growth under Red- and Blue-light-emitting Diodes". HortScience. 39 (7): 1617–1622. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.39.7.1617. ISSN 0018-5345.
- ^ Sabzalian, Mohammad R., Parisa Heydarizadeh, Morteza Zahedi, Amin Boroomand, Mehran Agharokh, Mohammad R. Sahba, and Benoît Schoefs. "High performance of vegetables, flowers, and medicinal plants in a red-blue LED incubator for indoor plant production." Agronomy for Sustainable Development 34, no. 4 (2014): 879-886.
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- ^ a b c d Gardening Under Lights: The Complete Guide for Indoor Growers By Leslie F. Halleck 2018
- ^ Hoenecke, M. E.; Bula, R. J.; Tibbitts, T. W. (1992-05-01). "Importance of 'blue' photon levels for lettuce seedlings grown under red-light-emitting diodes". HortScience: A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 27 (5): 427–430. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.27.5.427. ISSN 0018-5345. PMID 11537611.
- ^ Wheeler, R. M.; Mackowiak, C. L.; Sager, J. C. (1991-10-01). "Soybean stem growth under high-pressure sodium with supplemental blue lighting". Agronomy Journal. 83 (5): 903–906. doi:10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300050024x. ISSN 0002-1962. PMID 11537676.
- ^ Folta, Kevin; Maruhnich, Stefanie A. (2007-09-01). "Green light: a signal to slow down or stop". Journal of Experimental Botany. 58 (12): 3099–3111. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm130. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 17630292.
- ^ "Evaluation of lettuce growth using supplemental green light with red and blue light-emitting diodes in a controlled environment - a review of research at kennedy space center". www.actahort.org. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
- ^ Managing Photoperiodic Lighting
- ^ http://flor.hrt.msu.edu/assets/Uploads/Controllingphotoperiod.pdf
- ^ http://www.hrt.msu.edu/energy/Notebook/pdf/Sec1/Runkle%20and%20Blanchard,%20Use_of_Lighting.pdf Archived 2015-05-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Hall, David O.; Rao, Krishna (1999-06-24). Photosynthesis. Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–9. ISBN 9780521644976.
- ^ Poorter, Hendrik; Niinemets, Ülo; Ntagkas, Nikolaos; Siebenkäs, Alrun; Mäenpää, Maarit; Matsubara, Shizue; Pons, ThijsL. (8 April 2019). "A meta‐analysis of plant responses to light intensity for 70 traits ranging from molecules to whole plant performance". New Phytologist. doi:10.1111/nph.15754.


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Media Mining Digest
- Mining Digest 416 – Nov 8, 2019: Aging Study, Animal Emotions, Arctic Sea Ice Crisis, Artificial Human Construction, Biology of Extremes, Blindness Stories, China-Foe or Ally, Chronic Pain Control, Climate Change Fight, Death Camp, Democracy Under Threat, Dissident Doctor, Dyatlov Pass Mystery, Economic Growth, Enlightenment Period, Evicted, Fake Videos, Fifty Key Inventions, Future Trends, Gates Interview, Gene Research, Girlhood Stories, HIV Fight, Human Embryos Lab Grown, Illiberal Reformers, Immigrant Crossings, Innovation in the NHS, Intelligence Discussion, Investment Mutual Funds, Investment Questions, Language Learning, Leadership Crisis, Legal Profession Future, Luddite Lawyers, Meat Alternatives, Monica Lewinsky, Mueller Report, Multilingual Societies, Open Access Books, O'Reilly and Technology, Parkinson's Research, Plastic Eating Bugs, Psychology of Money, Radiation Facts, Theranos Story, Trump Tariffs, Tylenol Murders, Undercover Migrant, Urban-Rural Political Divide, Weavers
- Mining Digest 415 – Nov 1, 2019: Baseball Salaries, Bataan Survivor, Chiobani CEO Talk, Constitution Convention, D-Day Story, Dementia Story, Educating Black Students, Food Production, Gorilla in Room, Immigration Crisis, Inactivity, IT Stories, Jad Abumrad, Legal Education Technology, Meat or Not, Mobile Connectivity in Africa, National Health Service and Technology, Native American Economics, Noise in Cities, , Rape Investigation, Solzhenitsyn, South Africa at 25 Years, Stephen Hawking, TB Testing, Technology in Law, Trumpnomics
- Mining Digest 414 – Oct 25, 2019: AI in Law, Brain Bleed Stroke Treatment, Broadband in California, Cory Booker, Critical Zone, Double Jeopardy Discussion, Drug Wars, Dying Process, Environmental Justice, European Technology, Knowledge Limits, Liposome Research, Machine Learning, MIT President Interview, Philanthropy, Pitanga Fruit Value, Powerful Companies, Recession Recovery, Recreational Drugs, Robots on the Road, Sleep Needs, Solar Cells and Fusion, Tribalism, TV Ratings, Venture Capitalist, White Coat Uprising in Sudan
- Mining Digest 413 – Oct 18, 2019: 5G Defined, Africa's Place in the World, AI and Law, Black and Armed, Cherokee Slaves, Chronic Kidney Disease, Cyberattacks, Death from Infection, Economic Puzzles, Ego Control, Eugenics, Financial Management for Lawyers, Food Waste, Free Speech on Campus, Fuel Theft in Mexico, Holocaust Activities, Information Age Impact, Investment Fundamental, Jackson vs Trump, Jean Vanier, John Delaney, Kibbutz Discussion, Krauthammer, LGBT Life, Library of Congress Librarian, Live Aid Concert, Medical Risks, Michael Ramierez, Mobile Devices and Health, Motif Investing, Ocasio-Cortez, POW Churchill, Preet Bharara, Prenatal Care, President Coolidge, Public Housing in NYC, RA21 Intiative, Race Relations, Racism and Politics, RAICES Immigration Activists, Rare Earth Minerals in China, Religious Identity and Politics, Revolutionary, Ro Khanna, Supreme Court Cases, Transhumanism
- Mining Digest 412 – Oct 11, 2019: America's Communications Association, Basic Income Guarantee, Central Park Five, Cooperation, Female Astronauts, Forecasting, Internet Shaming, Investing Passively or Actively, Iroquois Forest Gump, JFK Tapes, Machine Learning, Marxism for the New Age, Mass Gatherings Medicine, Melinda Gates, Metadata Tools, Monopolies, Nancy Pelosi, Network and Power, New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, Opioid Addiction Treatment, Pete Buttigieg on Systemic Racism, Plans S, Planning for the Unplannable, Poverty Control, Refugee Children, Sharing Economy, Vaccination Politics, Worker Compensation
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- Mining Digest 410 – Sep 27, 2019: Black Womanhood, CBD and THC, Central Park Five, Danger and Risk, Democracy Revival, Doctors Fight Bullies, Evictions, Fake News Industry, Foot and Mouth Disease, Girls Who Code, Hate Speech Online, Honor Killings, IGNITE talks, Impact Investing, Intolerance In Europe, Investing for Life, Investing in Target-Date Funds, Jobs and Technology, JUNO Jupiter Probe, Law and Technology, Lead Poisoning, Legal Chatbots, Presidential Stories, Racism Deconstructed, San Francisco Mayor, Senate Failure, Serial Killers, Trump Wealth, Undercover Stories, Vaccinations in China
- Mining Digest 409 – Sep 20, 2019: 5G Hype, Amazon and Robots, Ash Carter, ASMR, Brain Tumor Treatment, Broadband in Africa, Canadian Astronaut, Catalhoyuk Excavation, Chinese Famine, Chinese Railway Workers, Coal Mining in Germany, Digital Detoxing, Disinformation Menace, Doctor's Face Time with Patients, ELIZA Program, Eugenics, False Memories, FCC Trends, Frozen Frontiers, Future Consequences, German Political Culture, Hayek and Neurology, Health Care, Holocaust Survivor, IBM 360 Computer, Infant Vision, IQ Tests, K-T Extinction Event, Lo Carb Hi Fat Diets, Measles in Ukraine, Mexico Boarder, Money Defined, Online Privacy Concerns, Pain Research, Pesticide Ban, President Andrew Johnson, Reading Importance, Reservation Life, Robots, Saudi Women Phone Tracking, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Tobacco Control, Trump Second Term Campaign
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Tag Archives: Broadband in Alaska
Mining Digest 359 – Sept 28, 2018: Animal Slaughter, Arsonists Pardons, Bioweapons, Broadband in Alaska, Bush and Clinton Q and A, Charlottesville Incident Fallout, Chinese Sourced Medicine, Civil Rights Movement, Climate Change History, Cohen Guilty Plea, Combating Extremism, Conspiracy Lecture, Cory Booker, D.L. Hughley Interview, Down Syndrome Show, Economic Problems, Environmental Law, Facebook Propaganda, Financial Crisis, Gender Bias in Military, German Economics, Immigrant Children Protection, James Clapper, John Brennan, Justice Gorsuch and Kavanaugh, Justice Scalia, Media Mergers, Meritocracy Pitfalls, Mexico Relations, Mexico Reporter Interview, Muslim Suicides, Nuclear Power, Omarosa, PACE Trial Controversy, Pandemics, Poverty Program Work Requirement, President Taft on Supreme Court, Privacy Rules in Europe, Reporter Haberman on Trump, Russian Propaganda, Satirist Bassem Youssef, Sean Spicer Interview, Sex Matters, Shareholder Capitalism, Silicon Valley, Supreme Court Nominations, Surveillance Technology Advances, Tick Control, Trump and Putin Relationship, Union Dues, Virtual Reality Uses
Exercise your ears: the 72 podcasts shown below present the best ideas, information and stories from a larger group of 612 for the week, to hear while your hands and eyes are busy. Get all the files as a group … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged 14th Amendment, ACLU Policies, American Assimilation, Animal Languages, Animal Slaughter, Applications Value, Arsonists Pardons, Bioweapons, Broadband in Alaska, Bush and Clinton Q and A, Charlottesville Incident Fallout, Chinese Sourced Medicine, Civil Rights Movement, Civil War Reconstruction, Climate Change History, Cohen Guilty Plea, Combating Extremism, Conspiracy Lecture, Cory Booker, D.L. Hughley Interview, Down Syndrome Show, Economic Problems, Environmental Law, Facebook Propaganda, Financial Crisis, Flint Water Contamination, Frederick Douglass, Gender Bias in Military, German Economics, Hasidic Judaism, Immigrant Children Protection, James Clapper, John Brennan, Justice Gorsuch and Kavanaugh, Justice Scalia, Kavanaugh Discussion, Kavanaugh Hearing, Mass Hysteria, Media Mergers, Meritocracy Pitfalls, Mexico Relations, Mexico Reporter Interview, Muslim Suicides, nuclear power, Omarosa, PACE Trial Controversy, Pandemics, placebo effect, Polish Political Change, Poverty Program Work Requirement, President Johnson Impeachment, President Taft on Supreme Court, Privacy Rules in Europe, Reporter Haberman on Trump, Rev Sun Myung Moon, Russian Propaganda, Satirist Bassem Youssef, Sean Spicer Interview, Sex Matters, Shareholder Capitalism, silicon valley, Supreme Court Nominations, Surveillance Technology Advances, Tick Control, Trump and Intelligence Community, Trump and Putin Relationship, Union Dues, Vietnam War, Virtual Reality Uses, Wildfire Story, Wireless Association, Word Origins Leave a comment

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Vivienne Von Coffin | SA Wildcard Feature
Devastatingly beautiful with charismatic charm, Vivienne Von Coffin in as known for her fierce stage presence and those tantilising licks of ink that run all over her body. Vivienne Von Coffin is one of those creatures who's just got IT and whatever IT is has earnt her one of the coveted Wildcard spots for this year's Grand Final of Miss Burlesque Australia. She serves face on every performance platter and I have to admit that her recent "Which Vivienne face are you" post on Instagram got me chuckling and dying to see her perform these acts live.
Performing burlesque since 2012 when she took up lessons with Peaches 'n' Gin in Adelaide, Vivienne set her sights high when she entered Miss Burlesque SA only one year into her burly career and placed top five. With a performance in her upbringing baby Vivienne claims that growing up she had her fingers in a lot of pies – ballet, gymnastics, singing you name it. "I studied dance in High School and even back then people in class told me I put in too much effort and tried to use my expression through dance to tease me."
Fast forward to 2012 when she began lessons with acclaimed Adelaide burly school Peaches 'n' Gin and learnt that tease and expression is nothing to be made fun of, but all about fun fun fun!
Alyssa Kitt caught up with Vivienne to talk about earning that Wildcard spot, personal growth and the hot competition that came out of South Australia for 2018.
You're an established performer kicking off your burly career in 2013. You took no prisoners one year in and made top five in the SA finalists in 2014. This is your second time competing in Miss Burlesque Australia – what made you want to enter in 2018.
It is indeed my second time competing in Miss Burlesque and it has been such a great experience especially with the new rule changes in place. I had competed previously in 2014 as quite a new performer with only just over a years experience. I really wanted to compete last year but the competition did not run in all states so I decided to take a year preparing myself for this year! For me I needed to do something to make a statement about my career in burlesque and to push myself into producing some of my best work.
You've been in burlesque for a number of years – how long have you been performing? What was your first experience of burlesque?
I have been performing for a while now! I started taking lessons with Peaches 'n' Gin way back in February 2012 and made my debut that November. My first routine (which has only been performed twice! haha) was a classic to Screamin' Jay Hawkins – I Put a Spell on You. That same night I did a group routine and the 'Gin House Floozies' debut!
What do you think is your most identifiable aspect to you as a performer? What is Vivienne Von Coffin famous for?
FACE, FACE, FACE! But seriously… I think my classic routines set me apart as I have quite a different style compared to other performers here in Adelaide. I choreograph my routines down to the 'T' and use a lot of bluesy style music that have a 'darker' feeling to it. Or being the female embodiment of Spongebob could also be something people remember haha!
Tell us what you've been busy with in Adelaide including any shows or teaching or news!
Mainly I have been busy since the start of the year preparing myself for Miss Burlesque SA! I kicked off the year with an AWESOME run in the Adelaide Fringe with Bazinga Burlesque (Nerdlesque), taught a heap of hens parties for Peaches 'n' Gin Burlesque and now off to Miss Burlesque AUSTRALIA! I've also got a HUGE announcement coming soon so keep an eye on my Instagram/Facebook for that.
Your bio has some pretty big accolades in them including an AAPC Burlesque Babe win in 2013, a well as being crowned Miss Ink Adelaide in 2017 – what have been some of the other highlights of your career so far?
I have done a lot within the 5 years that I've been performing! Along with AAPC Burlesque Babe my next big win came in 2015 at Burlesque Idol Adelaide, following that was Miss Ink Adelaide and winning the title of 'Miss Charisma Queen' at the Miss Ink Australia Grand Finals last year. Aside from the titles, my highlights have honestly been becoming friends with some of the most beautiful and talented people. I have gained some life long friendships and developed a sense of who I am as a person. Also going to the Burlesque Hall of Fame Weekender in 2014 was INSANE, hopefully will go back soon!
What was your Guiness Book of Records entry for? I'd love to hear more about it!
In 2014 Burleskathon was created by Dolores Daiquiri and Elena Gabrielle – Basically it was 24 hours of non stop burlesque! Performers from all over Australia ventured to Melbourne to be a part of this Australian burlesque history. We were all on a time schedule of when we would be performing, as soon as one routine ended the next one started as the rules were that a performer has to be on stage at all times. It was INCREDIBLE!! The amount of performers that I met and networked with, the shared struggle of having to perform at 3am in the morning and taking naps under dressing tables were all part and parcel. By the end of it I had performed I think 9 times in the space of 24hrs and everyone was completely delirious!
How did you prepare for the competition? What was your game plan/ goals?
As I previously mentioned I put about a year of preparation into the comp. I knew I wanted a new Traditional (classic) act and to revamp my 'Spongebob Squarepants' comedy routine to the next level! My game plan was to take into account the new rules but still stay true to myself and what I really wanted to achieve out of it which was two rock solid routines to be proud of. I loved choreographing my new traditional act – I pushed myself to use some different styles to fit in with the guidelines and fell in love with it. Last time I competed I put so much stress on myself to place and when I didn't it completely broke me. This time I went in with a new attitude and I think the more calm approach to it actually helped. I think you can see the amount of fun I was having in my videos from the night!
Tell me about your routines:
Can you describe your Traditional for me?
My traditional routine is based in the 40's with music from Sidney Bechet and Tommy Dorsey. The first half is essential Vivienne, very constructed and poised. The second half is where I really let loose and bust out the cornerstone Tempest Storm moves but with my own flavour infused. I'm really proud of how it turned out and I feel like I've kicked it up a notch with this one.
What did you do for your unique and how do you think it will set you apart going into the grand final?
If wearing a Spongebob mascot suit 3 times the size of me doesn't set me apart, maybe the huge light-up jellyfish will! Jokes aside, I have well and truly revamped this routine for the competition. I am also suuuuper proud of it – I had a light bulb moment when listening to RuPaul's 'Peanut Butter' song, if you know it you'll get the reference to jellyfish and sandwiches! There are a lot of innuendos and basically is my view of what the show would look like while off the air!
What was the first thing that came into your head when you were offered the Wild Card spot for the Grand Final?
Honestly, I was sitting on the toilet checking my emails and BAM there the offer was. I couldn't believe it! It made me feel recognised and appreciated in the scene. I believe it is also the first Wild Card spot that has ever been offered to South Australia and I couldn't be more proud. I'm still pinching myself!
Did you enjoy your 2018 Miss Burlesque experience and would you recommend entering this State Final?
I had an absolute blast! I would highly recommend entering especially with the new rules. I feel like it gives the performer more opportunity to show who they are and not have to compromise themselves too much to fit into criteria. I've always believed in this competition – It provides you a space to try new/big acts that you may not be able to perform elsewhere, you get to meet and network with so many people and walk away with 2 solid/competition standard routines.
I can't wait for peanut butter and spongebob squarepants and to see that serving of face live in Perth this year.
Follow Vivienne Von Coffin's journey to the Miss Burlesque Australia Grand Final:
Instagram: @vivviennevoncoffin
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/VivienneVonCoffin/?ref=br_rs
Website: viviennevoncoffin.wordpress.com


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nooks and crannies
Sometimes joy waits quietly for you in the places you see everyday, but forget to notice …
So true! But also, you have to have unfused those places with beauty first, to reap the rewards. Some of my nooks and crannies, not so inspiring sadly 😦
Ah, yes … I have those pockets as well! It's amazing though what you can look at everyday and still not see .. until you slow down.
I love this. Makes me feel like a little girl getting to look at my older sisters pretties. 🙂
Amazing! That made me smile …
I found this desk at a thrift store for $8.00, took it home and painted it. It had been a child's desk, so your sentiment is so perfect!
Jacqueline, your photos are stunning. Thank you for sharing these.
Thank you so much! I'm thrilled that you enjoy them. x


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- Current Master V for Explore Sailing
- Skipper East Sail Sydney
- Sailing Instructor Pacific Sailing School Sydney
- Instructor for Clipper Ventures training the next generation or competitors
- Deckhand Manly Fast Ferries
Skipper for Southern Cross Sailing Adventures on-board vessel Southern Cross 68ft Ex America's Cup Racing Yacht running three day charters around the Whitsunday Islands.
2012 – 2013
Skipper of "Set, Sail, Cruise", 35 foot Catamaran running Day charters out of Mooloolaba.
- Sailing instructor for Sunshine Sailing Australia in Mooloolaba teaching on the Dinghies and J24's.
- Crew onboard the HUGO BOSS (IMOCA Open 60) 'Sparkies Time'. Set up and pack down of vessel, customer satisfaction during corporate sails, Technical splicing, general maintenance, deliveries and accounting.
2010 – 2011
Sales representative for All Elite Jewellery while campaigning for the Clipper Race.
1st and 3rd crew on board 'Paragon', 46 ft catamaran, Hawaii.


text:
I had the opportunity to create two Unity applications with m box for the Telekom booth at CeBIT 2014.
The first app is an interactive 3D city at 4k resolution. The user can navigate through the virtual environment via touch gestures and by clicking certain points of interest visualized as magenta flags. These flags open up and display detailed information and videos about the point of interest.
The other app imitates a Windows 8 mobile phone in navigation and animation. To have full control over the navigation, menu structure and all contents, a standalone application was preferred instead of using native apps on a Windows 8 mobile phone.
There were also two other Unity apps and two vvvv apps created by m box. Hopefully a making-of will follow soon and more details on the apps will be shown in the portfolio section. I wish to thank Michi, Martin and especially Claus, who was a great mentor and also allowed me to show his fabulous photos here, as well as all other friends from m box for their support!
Agency: m box bewegtbild GmbH
Agency: Zweimaleins Werbeagentur GmbH
Client: Deutsche Telekom AG


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Considered to be a haven for any home builder. An answer to the changing habits and lifestyles of a future 'homeowner'.
Simply think of anything that you would need for your home, the home depot center is the perfect place to look for it.
Location Address: 2248 Chino Roces Avenue, Makati City
|Makati Home Depot Location Map
Telephone Number: 819-5981
Direct lines: 362-3083 - 84
Fax: 819-5977


text:
01 of 10
Saddlebag Style Pocketbook - Materials Needed
This pocketbook features a saddlebag type of shape with a flap closure. Use machine embroidery, applique, cording or other embellishment ideas to create your own bag using this free pattern.
Continue to 2 of 10 below.
- 1/2 yaqrd of fabric such as denim, corduroy or canvas for the outside of the bag.
- 1/2 yard of lining fabric
- Thread
- Print out of pattern piece
- Optional:
- Fusible craft weight interfacing applied to the wrong side of the outer fabric of the purse
- Cording or piping
- embroidery design
- Applique
02 of 10
Cutting InstructionsNote: Use the long straight line on the pattern piece as a grain-line and as an on-fold line.
Continue to 3 of 10 below.
- Cut one of the pattern piece as it was printed.
- Fold the fabric and cut one with the long straight line of the pattern piece on the fold.
- Cut one strip of fabric 4" by 22" for the sides of the purse.
- Repeat for the lining.
- Cut two 2" by 8" strips of the outer fabric for the straps to attach too.
- Cut one 3" by 28" strip for the strap.
03 of 10
Adding Embellishments
Continue to 4 of 10 below.
- Cording or Piping
- On the single cut pattern piece -- apply cording to all edges except the long straight edge.
- In the piece which was cut on the fold, apply piping to the entire edge.
- Embroidery or Applique
- On one end of the piece which was cut on the fold, find the lengthwise center
- Find the crosswise center of the same end, by placing the pattern piece on that end and folding the pattern piece in half.
- Embroider or applique a design using the curved end as the bottom.
04 of 10
Strap Holders and Strap
Continue to 5 of 10 below.
- Using the two 2" by 8" strips
- Fold the strip in half lengthwise with the wrong sides together.
- Press well.
- Fold in half again, bringing the raw edges in to the center fold.
- Press well.
- Stitch along the edges to hold the folds in place.
- Using the one 3" by 28" strip for the strap.
- Fold in 1/4" of the short edges with the wrong sides together.
- Fold the strip in half lengthwise, with the wrong sides together.
- Press the fold well.
- Fold the raw edges in to meet the center fold.
- Press well.
- Re-press the original fold and adjust if the edges are not perfectly aligned.
- Stitch close to each edge of the strap to hold the folds in place.
05 of 10
Body of the Bag
Continue to 6 of 10 below.
- Fold the cut out patten pieces in half on the curved edges and mark the center.
- Fold the 4" by 22" piece in half (bringing the short edges together) and mark the fold on each edge.
- Match the marks on the 4" by 22" piece to the outer pattern piece that was not placed on the fold.
- Pin the edges so the ends of the side piece align to the top edge of the pattern piece.
- Sew joining the edges.
- Align the second piece in the same way so that the "cut on the fold', fold, is equal to the top edge of the first pattern piece of the bag.
- Sew the sides to the pattern piece.
06 of 10
Strap Holders and Straps
Continue to 7 of 10 below.
- Bring the ends of the sewn 2" by 8" pieces to the top of the sides sections on both sides.
- Align the edges with the front and back of the bag.
- Baste the strap holders in place using a 1/4" seam allowance.
- Keeping the main part of the strap outside the strap holding loops, place the ends of the strap in to the loops so the ends are going in toward the bag.
- Bring the ends up on the inside of the strap about 1"
- Sew the ends of the strap to the strap.
07 of 10
Sew and Attach the Lining
Continue to 8 of 10 below.
- Repeat the same procedure to join the lining pieces together EXCEPT, leave a 4" opening in the seam at the bottom center of one seam.
- Place the outer bag right side out.
- Place the lining the wrong sides out.
- Place the outer bag inside the lining and align the edges.
- Be sure to keep the strap holders down along the sides so they do not get caught in the seams.
- Align the seams and edges.
- Pin in place.
- Sew the bag to the lining keeping an even seam allowance along the entire edge, pivoting at the corner to the top flap.
- Press the seam as it was sewn.
- Trim any bulk at seams and strap locations.
- Turn the bag right side out and press the edge where the bag and lining are joined.
08 of 10
Top Stitch the EdgeTo help the lining stay inside the bag, stitch through all the layers along the top edge of the bag. Top stitch the flap edge if desired.Continue to 9 of 10 below.
09 of 10
Bar Tacks
Continue to 10 of 10 below.
- Fold the sides in toward the bag, matching the edges.
- Press the fold
- Sew a bar tack through all of the layers at the top of the bag, near the fold.
10 of 10
Finish the Lining
- Slip stitch the lining closed.
- Press all edges in place.


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Lindsey Meyers & Simone Garcia
Beauty & Art Brawn Gallery/Sinergia Arts is a full service online gallery and unique curatorial partnership offering art and experiential curation, including but not limited to:
Artist exhibition and project facilitation and management
Execution and installation of large works and murals
Art and event coordination and management
Event programming and production
Creative community outreach and communications
Social media and marketing activities
Beauty & Brawn Art Gallery/Sinergia Arts also acts as a referral service for clients in search of event venues/spaces.
Through the implementation of new and non-traditional artworks and installations and innovative design and re-design solutions for interior and exterior art placement, we aim to enhance everyday environments by showcasing both highly recognizable and emerging national and international talents.
Collectively, we see each project through from conceptualization to installation, and have access to all available mediums, even those utilizing performative and interactive elements. With our combined experience of over 25 years in the field, we believe our carefully-crafted curatorial approach lends itself to creating interesting and yet uncomplicated spaces, where art, energy and design can seamlessly and effortlessly come together.
Beauty & Brawn Art Gallery and Think Space was the brain-child of local artist, curator and gallerist, Lindsey Meyers, and opened as the first true art gallery in Logan Square. The gallery was originally conceptualized as a mixed-use and multi-disciplinary space that focused on art, community, connectivity, arts education, public art access and philanthropy. Lindsey and her partner, Simone Garcia, oversaw all gallery operations including: curation, exhibition facilitation, events, bookings and media related to the gallery, and they recently closed the physical space after an incredible six-year run in order to curate off-site projects and events for various clients and properties- locally, nationally and internationally.
Lindsey is an self-taught photographer and mixed-media artist originally from the Northeast suburbs of Chicago. She attended the Chicago Academy for the Arts and Columbia College, and received her Honors Bachelor of Arts Degree in Psychology from The University of Southern California. Lindsey is a member of the Chicago Ideas Week CIW Co-Op, the Co-Creator of Agassiz Elementary School's Parent Art Co-Op and the Logan Square Arts Festival Art Committee Head, as well as an I AM Logan Square board member.
In the Fall of 2014, Lindsey participated in, sponsored and facilitated a mural by and with local artist, Rachel Slotnick, at the Logan Square Blue Line stop on behalf of Beauty & Brawn Art Gallery and Think Space- the multidisciplinary art gallery she opened in March of 2012. She recently curated and facilitated five murals along the Wabash Arts Corridor for the first ever Big Walls Festival 2016, featuring work by nationally and internationally recognized artists, such as Eduardo Kobra, Marina Zumi, Ricky Lee Gordon, Tararchy and Morley.
Having recently completed his two + year curatorial and managerial position with 15th & West Gallery in Pilsen, Chicago, Simone is credited with orchestrating the largest indoor mural show in North America, entitled "Once Upon A Wall- Infinite Life". This unique narrative mural exhibition was born out of his desire to take that which is an often static format and create a structure where both audience and artist are drawn into engage with the art and concept more deeply. Working with a global group of artists, and in a variety of capacities, Simone focuses on projects that are nonlinear in content, setting and/or scope.
Simone's current position managing Sapient Nitro's internal IT systems for their Midwest Operations (Chicago, Minneapolis, Detroit) has enabled him to blend his creative ideas and highly refined technical skills into both the art and tech fields. With over two years of leadership and experience in this position, he lends solid insights into the importance and impact of maintaining a strong social media and digital presence, current trends and strategies, as well as provides an acute awareness in recognizing emerging talent, trends and systems. Simone's capabilities also include handling efficiencies and process development in both creative and advertising environments.
Once Upon A Wall: Infinite Life, March 2016, 15th & West Gallery
Chicago's most talented and highly-recognized graffiti and street artists were asked to push themselves creatively by working collaboratively with one other artist on a specific theme of their choosing- the result being eleven "one off" and imaginative murals by 22 different talents. The murals were presented as chapters - similar to those in the progression of life. These "chapters" encompassed the myriad emotions and experiences one has on the journey from creation to death.
SoHo House Chicago, April 2016
"Vivian Maier Pop-Up Dark Room Event"
Guests were invited to print a photograph from a Vivian Maier negative in a custom-made pop-up darkroom, as well as to participate in a panel discussion with Sandy Steinbrecher (Master Collection Printer), Jeff Goldstein (Gallerist and owner of a portion of the Vivian Maier collection), and Anne Zakaras (Project Manager).
Big Walls, May 2016 - In partnership with Columbia College and the Wabash Arts Corridor.
Participating muralists on behalf of Beauty & Brawn Art Gallery and Think Space include: Eduardo Kobra (Brazil), Marina Zumi(Argentina), Ricky Lee Gordon (South Africa), Morley (Los Angeles) and Tararchy (Chicago).
ACTIVATE Chicago with the Chicago Loop Alliance, June 2016
Mural curation for Lagunitas with Chicago artist, Caesar Perez
SoHo House Chicago, June 2016
"How To Fly A Drone"
Guests were treated to a viewing of Underscore Film's "Homesick for Chicago" film, and gathered for an intimate conversation with Rick Wayne and Brad Johnson on art and technology. Attendees were also given the opportunity to participate in real-time drone flying from the SoHo House Chicago rooftop.
ACTIVATE Chicago, July 2016
Mural curation for Zipcar with Chicago artist, Anthony Lewellen
ACTIVATE Chicago, August 2016
Mural curation for Perrier with Chicago artist, Justus Roe
Additional art and experiential curation
SoHo House Chicago, September 2016
"Etch-A-Sketch" with Chicago artist, Jane Labowitch
Interactive artist workshop, presentation and discussion
ACTIVATE Chicago, October 2016 (Chicago Loop Alliance partnership)
Lead curators for the FIVE SENSES
SoHo House Chicago, November 2016
"Pan and Canvas"- A celebration of street art and street food where Chicago's top chefs and artists came together to riff off of one another's creations in an anarchic house party environment.
"Barrels for Murals" with Chicago Distilling Company, November 2016
Beauty & Brawn, Sinergia Art and Chicago Distilling Company recently launched the "Barrels for Murals" in hopes of raising a minimum of $10,000 to facilitate and execute a large scale mural project in Logan Square during the Spring of 2017.
"Once Upon A Wall - The Details Series", Beauty & Brawn Art Gallery, November 2016
Together, Garcia and Meyers chose to extrapolate the finer points in and of the vibrant and unique mural exhibition, "Once Upon A Wall: The Details Series", which was originally exhibited as "Once UpOn a Wall: Infinite Life". Where Garcia initially focused on the narrative that each creative collaboration was telling as part of a whole, this re-envisioning of the show highlighted the technical aspects of the work with select panels from all eleven murals- breathing new life into the pieces and showcasing the innate talent of each contributing artist.
"L" VIP Preview Event, November 2016
Guests from the "L" Property in Logan Square were treated to an exclusive viewing of "Once UpOn A Wall - The Details Series", in addition to a panel discussion with exhibiting show artists.
"L" Property Street Art Bike Ride and Tour , November 2016
Beauty & Brawn and Sinergia art created a two-hour bike tour showcasing several art locations in and around the Logan Square neighborhood. The spaces reflected a variety of artwork by a number of artists, and offered guests exclusive access to murals, installations and locations. Discussions at each location also provided guests with an overview of the spaces, as well as insights and awareness into highlighted pieces, artists and the importance of public art and community.
SoHo House Chicago, November 2016
"Prototyping Malt Whiskeys with Chicago Distilling Company"
Guests will brainstorm the flavor profile of Chicago Distilling Company's next seasonal release and provide inspiration through sharing unusual bottles of craft beer.
SoHo House Chicago, January 2017
"Yarnstallation" with The Annex
Yarn bombing is playful guerrilla street art where instead of using paint or wheat paste, cozies are knitted for everything from bike racks to street signs as an unexpected gift to a neighborhood. Guests joined Yarnstallation founders, Cathy Turley and Sharon Trager, to and yarn bomb the Drawing Room of the house.
"L" Property Window Installation, January 2017
Local Chicago artist, Miguel Del Real, created a vibrant window installation in the common space of the "L" Property in Logan Square. Curation by Beauty & Brawn/Sinergia Arts.
SoHo House Chicago, February 2017
"Exquisite Corpse Drawing Rally and Rare Beer Swap"
Guests joined Beauty & Brawn/Sinergia Arts and local Chicago Chef Won Kim of Kimski for a drawing rally and rare beer swap, featuring a tasting and presentation by Twisted Hippo Brewery. Attendees were also treated to an Exquisite Corpse exhibition curated by Robert Stevenson, featuring ten collaborative scrolls by artists such as: Aaron Wooten, Chris Silva, Lauren Feece, Anthony Lewellen, Sonam Tsering, Robert Stevenson, Paul Africa, Tony Alcatraz and more.


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Do you search for ways to combat your skin problems such as wrinkles, dark spots and pigmentation naturally?
Our age, environment and the chemicals we use on our skins affect our skins. From the appearance of wrinkles and acne breakouts, to dehydration—everything around us directly impacts our skin.
Naturally, you find yourself looking for the best, organic skincare products. However, if you're a full-time employee in New York, then taking the time out to head over to the beauty store, buy organic skincare products and use them sounds impossible.
But not anymore!
Sweetwater Labs — New York's most prestigious skincare store — has finally embraced your favorite online app, AVOCADO Shopping!
A work of genius of Nadia Doh and Yoav Irom, Sweetwater Labs is the result of over a decade long research and experiment. Known as one of the pioneering full-service, organic skincare retailers in New York, this place caters to a diverse range of customers with its vast variety of products.
From solutions to dry and flaky skin to thin eyebrows and eyelash fall, Sweetwater Labs is the perfect solution for all those New Yorkers who want to achieve their ultimate Harper's Bazaar magazine-cover look!
But what's more exciting is that you can actually order your very own beauty spa right at home! Now that Sweetwater Labs has partnered with AVOCADO Shopping app, you can enjoy a seamless shopping experience within the comforts of your home or the discomforts of your workplace!
What's even more exciting is that you can actually enjoy same day delivery of your favorite Sweetwater Labs products in New York. All you have to do is download the app, enter your area code and see if same day delivery from Sweetwater Labs is available in your zip code! AVOCADO is bringing unique local products to you. If its specialty, unique and local, it will be delivered to you same day by AVOCADO Shopping!
For your ultimate skin treatment, shop at Sweetwater Labs from AVOCADO Shopping! To download the app, click here.


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In 2012 U.S. microbreweries were on the rise.
For Justin "Gus" Bays, chef at the Grand Central Hotel in Cottonwood Falls, this was the right time to explore an opportunity. He approached his friend and nascent brewer Jeremy "J.J." Johns about the idea to open a brewpub in historic downtown Emporia, Kansas. Emporia, the county seat of Lyon County and home to Emporia State University was undergoing a renaissance.
Bays and Johns began putting out feelers to learn if the Emporia, Kansas, market was ready for a microbrewery. Together they sought out the local Kansas SBDC at Emporia State University (ESU) and began meeting with SBDC regional director, Lisa Brumbaugh, to talk about their plans. Brumbaugh pulled in SBDC business advisor, Jim Stephens, to help with the process.
Since a brewpub was a relatively new business model for the area, it took some creative funding to get the business started. Bays and Johns worked not only with the SBDC, but also with Emporia Main Street and NetWork Kansas, to secure loans they needed. To ensure the business model would thrive, the team crowdsourced a critical piece of the funding. Bays and Johns put out a call for private investors willing to lend $5,000 with creative terms: The principal is repaid in full in cash after seven years, and interest is paid in the form of $30 monthly food credits at Radius Brewing Company, LLC.
The funding model worked.
Radius began producing beer in January 2014, and began selling it for off-site consumption in February while construction of the restaurant wrapped up. Radius completed their team towards the end of construction by adding Chad Swift to the team. Swift had just graduated from Wichita State with a business degree and filled the role of General Manager, adding some much needed business knowledge, and "Front of House" aka bar experience.
On April 24th of 2014 they opened their doors for full restaurant and bar service. More than 4,500 customers were served in the pub's first 10 days according to Johns.
Swift became a co-owner in 2015 joining Johns and Bays to complete the Radius team.
Since their start, Radius has drawn in numerous customers from outside the area with a few famous customers visiting as well. In June of 2015 William Shatner (aka Captain Kirk/Star Trek aka Denny Crane/Boston Legal) stopped in with a film group to taste the local fare.
More about Radius Brewing Company
Website: Radius Brewing Company
Twitter: @RadiusBrewing
Instagram: radiusbrewingco
Kansas SBDC Advisors
Jim Stephens, ESU
Lisa Brumbaugh. ESU
From Jim Stephens, SBDC business advisor: For me as a business advisor, I believe a business plan is a living instrument that creates success.
Sometimes creating a business plan can be a grueling process for startups as they want to 'just get it done.' Most have an idea of a plan in their head. The key is to get it out and make it concrete in order to follow it. With Radius we worked together to dig deeper and deeper into what became a working plan. The guys persisted and ended up with a plan that gave them a road map to success. That road map, according to Justin and J.J. was still used a year ago rather than sitting on a shelf.


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Tuesday, 4 June 2013
Skull Appreciation Day Blog Hop
36 comments:
Beautiful work! I love how you layered everything.:)ReplyDelete
A real stylish skull card! Love that corner a lot! :)ReplyDelete
Wickedly elegant as ever my friend....much love always xxxReplyDelete
Love your altered colored cut outs. This card is very pretty. I love that skull stamp!
very pretty card and that frame is wonderfulReplyDelete
Fantastic card. I love the skull and diecuts!ReplyDelete
A lush and elegant card! The color combo is striking and I love your use of layers and the cool stamped images. The yellow gem on the black bow adds the perfect accent! Thanks for hopping and Happy Skull Appreciation Day!!!ReplyDelete
Great color combo and to alternate the layers was such a great idea. Beautiful card, excellent bow, and love main image.ReplyDelete
oh my ghoul, that is a stunning skully creation! I love the effect of the matting and the colours are gorgeous! happy SAD day!ReplyDelete
Oh, well done! I like the layers of die-cuts to get depth. Thanks for joining us at Shopping Our Stash!ReplyDelete
PS: As The Crooked Stamper, I don't do straight, either. #fistbump
super cool Fiona...love the delicate die cuts, your color scheme and the stamps. The bow ties it up into a neat little package.ReplyDelete
Stunning! I love your colour choices and those stamps are awesome.ReplyDelete
No bones about it- your card is gorgeous!ReplyDelete
Oooh what a beautiful card, its gorgeous!!!ReplyDelete
Awesome creation, love the heat embossing, perfect effect :) Good luck in this weeks OSAAT challenge and hope to see you back again soon. Hugs Jane OSAAT DTReplyDelete
Stunning card great die cuts. Thank you for joining us at Here Comes the Boys challenge good luckReplyDelete
Ginny ♥
Your project is amazingReplyDelete
Wonderful card - love your design and color scheme!ReplyDelete
Soooooo elegant and such stunning colour choice. You are the mistress of chic !! :-DReplyDelete
IKE xxxxx
Great colour combo and so very elegantReplyDelete
You always make such beautiful cards
Oooh - that yellow is so eye-popping, love it. Great creation! :)ReplyDelete
Oh this is so striking, what a fabulous piece, Love that corner stamp its amazing, Love HazelxReplyDelete
Wonderful card...great colors!!ReplyDelete
Thank you for joining us for our Masculine Challenge at Really Reasonable Ribbon.
Stunningly Wicked!! Thank you for playing along this week at OSAAT. I sure hope to see you back again very soon. Good Luck in the challenge!!!ReplyDelete
CraftyGirl OSAAT DT
Gorgeous creation. Thanks for sharing your talent.ReplyDelete
This is SO cool! Great combination of softness from the pattern of the frames and the rough look of the skull!ReplyDelete
Thank you so much for playing with us at One Stitch At A Time. Hope to see you next week.ReplyDelete
Hugs Nataliya
Fabulous design and great use of your dies they look fab!thank you for joining us at BMC hope to see you again soonReplyDelete
I'm in love with that skull stamp. Where is it from? Lovely creation and what a great event xReplyDelete
I can't believe I missed this, Fi! I was hopping way early. Gorgeous stamps and love the fab design. xxDReplyDelete
Smashing card! Thanks for joining in our Ribbon challenge at Here comes the boys. hugs Teresa xReplyDelete
Awesome card! Love the colors! Thanks for playing along with us at Really Reasonable Ribbon this month!ReplyDelete
interesting....love the layersReplyDelete
Wow!! Chilling!! But love it! Thanks for playing at Here Come The Boys Woo xReplyDelete
super cool! thanks for joining us at here come the boys xReplyDelete
striking coloursReplyDelete
thanks for joining us at country view crafts challenge x Trace x


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Why You Need a Lawyer Following a Trucking Accident
Those involved in trucking accidents can greatly benefit from having a lawyer following the incident. This is because accidents that involve commercial trucks are handled very differently than accidents involving other automotive vehicles like cars and motorcycles. Lawyers trained specifically in trucking accidents know the specific rules, regulations, and laws that involve semi trailer-tractor rigs.
There are many reasons why truck drivers might actually be more at risk than those driving small cars. While there are always distractions on the road, and poor driving skills or driving negligence of automobiles around any kind of driver, truck drivers also have to deal with managing fatigue while driving


text:
I hold an incredible passion for life, love, and documenting the emotional moments that add meaning to your life. My approach to photography (along with my second shooter) -- is natural and relationship-oriented; I love to get to know my clients long before putting them in front of the lens. My focus is on you. My goals are to create a special vision together with you, and immortalize the bonds, emotions, and moments that cannot be re-lived or replaced. Beautiful photographs are emotional moments frozen in time for you to remember and revisit with family, friends or a quiet moment alone - and I strive to create images that will be immortalized on the walls of your home and cherished for generations.
MEMORIES MADE IN-BETWEEN. Captured forever.
We remember life as a string of big events; epic happenings that define our lives and live on in family stories. Weddings are no different - the main focus in wedding planning is on the defining events - the kissing of the bride, cutting of the cake, father-daughter dancing, the bouquet toss.
But what about the moments in-between? What about the tiny, serendipitous small things that happen without planning? What about a small touch, a smiling face, a kind word - in-between the big events? These moments are what I live to capture. The moments that are often overlooked, but together make up the very emotional essence of a wedding, and of our lives.
These moments are incredibly special and so fleeting. I strive to give them life and the importance they deserve. Moments you may not even notice at first, but look back on later in photographs and cherish. This is my specialty, and my passion.


text:
Mark Baker wrote, > If an HTTP client is told that "http://example.org/foo#bar" > identifies a resource of interest to it, and attempts to dereference > that URIref, "#bar" isn't part of that HTTP GET message that gets > sent. By *definition*, other HTTP components have less visibility > into the meaning of the message than the client. I agree, but I don't see how this is relevant to my original comment. I wasn't talking about URI refs. Cheers, MilesReceived on Thursday, 23 January 2003 10:01:09 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Wednesday, 7 January 2015 15:32:36 UTC


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Associate Ambulance Practitioner (AAP)
Approved by the UK AACE and UK NHS Ambulance Trusts
The new Associate Ambulance Practitioner (AAP) course has been written in partnership with multiple Ambulance Services around the country with a view to achieving a recognised qualification to replace the former IHCD Ambulance Aid award. This new Level 4 regulated Diploma allows candidates to achieve a recognised qualification, allowing progression to the higher education framework to gain Paramedic qualifications.
Through this apprenticeship style of blended learning you will gain the skills and experience required for working within the Ambulance service, military and many other pre-hospital sectors. Training has been designed to enable maximum learning opportunities with a range of methods for learning including; Classroom sessions, Practical application, Situation awareness training, Casualty simulation training, e-learning and work-based learning.
Our team of ex-NHS Ambulance tutors and assessors offer extensive practical, clinical and educational experience, ensure professional delivery, mentor support and guided learning throughout your course. Specialist subject tutors will enhance your learning with realistic casualty simulation actors providing you with the chance to practice your new skills in realistic situation awareness scenarios.
|Awarding Body:
|Award Type:
|Course Length:
|8 -12 months
|Delivery Method:
|Full Time
Course Breakdown
Unit 1 (3 weeks) – Patient Assessment & Medical Conditions
Unit 2 (2 weeks) – Trauma Management
Unit 3 (2 weeks) – Geriatrics & Paediatrics
Unit 4 (3 weeks) – Pharmacology and Incident Management
Course Syllabus
Communication | Equality & Diversity | Medicolegal and Ethics | Conflict Resolution | The Respiratory System | Airway Management BLS & Defibrillation | Cardiovascular & Lymphatic System | ECG Recognition | The Nervous System | Primary & Secondary Survey | Patient Assessment | Endocrine System | Poisons & Sepsis | Thermal Injuries | Musco-skeletal System | Trauma Management | Respiratory pathophysiology | Cardiovascular pathophysiology | Nervous system pathophysiology | Focused patient assessment | Paramedic Skills | Pharmacology & Medicines management | Major Incident Medical Management | Reproductive system Elderly patients | End of life care | Mental Health & patient assessment | Paediatric BLS/ILS | Paediatric assessment | Obstetrics
Level 4 Diploma for Associate Ambulance Practitioners
Frequently Asked Questions…
There are no other formal entry requirements but to benefit from the learning we advise that Learners have a minimum of Level 2 in literacy and numeracy or equivalent and occupational competence in manual and patient handling. Basic First Aid knowledge is advised with a view to working within the medical sector.
To proceed with your application for this course, simply complete the online booking form by using the link above. Once we have received your details the following will happen:
- Access to our VLE will be provided for you to complete a short assessment
- Course materials will be provided
- Your mentor will contact you to answer any questions prior to attending the course
- An online meeting is arranged for all students to answer any questions and discuss what is required before the course.
The qualification is nationally recognised by the NHS Ambulance Trusts, MOD and Private Ambulance Services. AACE have publicly said that FutureQuals are the preferred Awarding Organisation to work with for the Ambulance qualifications.
Learners must complete 750 hours on practice placement of which a minimum of 50% or 375 Hrs (10 weeks) must be on accident and emergency duties in a Double Crewed Ambulance. If the remaining 375 hours or any part thereof are not in an Emergency or Urgent Care role then clear rules need to be adhered to for the hours to be relevant and counted towards the overall total. A maximum of 10% of this time may be spent in each type of setting.
During placement you must be supervised by someone at the same level or higher on a day to day basis, you will be observed and generate evidence which needs to be recorded. There will be a practice hours logbook to be completed which will allow the expert witness to confirm that you can replicate the required skill/procedure in the workplace to allow your assessor to make an assessment decision for each of the "be able to" outcomes.
Clear guidance will be provided to the expert witness on their role in the process. The record of placement hours should detail the clinical exposures of each period (shift) which can be referenced back to the outcomes in your logbook.
On completion you will have at least two reviews and a final assessment at the end of the placement hours with your assessor, any Learning Outcomes unlikely to be confirmed in the live environment can be signed off after confirmation of competency in an alternative placement setting or if permitted by simulation.
We also accept BACS, Cheque and Cash.
Payment plans are available with payments taken via GoCardless using the Direct Debit scheme.
You will be provided with a copy of the Ambulance Care Practice manual with other reference text being loaned for the duration of the classroom phase. You must have your own copy of the latest Clinical Practice Guidelines, this can be in pocket book, A4 or electronic.
You may wear whatever you wish throughout the course appropriate for the environment, uniform and other PPE should be provided for clinical placements by your employer. Please contact your placement provider for further details.
The placement must be organised within an NHS Ambulance Service or CQC Registered private ambulance service prior to completing the classroom elements. Since a minimum of 50% of the practice placement hours must be undertaken within the environment of emergency ambulance 999 response, you must have completed your Emergency driving qualification to do this. Placements won't commence until the classroom has been completed.
Yes. We provide a week in-hospital placement on completion of your classroom phase, followed by 750 hours of pre-hospital clinical placement. When completing frontline emergency ambulance shifts, you will be paid! Please note that it will be your responsibility to complete required inductions and provide documentation to the placement provider to fulfil statutory requirements.


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Filter per merk
dinsdag 23rd april 2019
SMARTPLY ULTIMA is the next generation OSB4 panel launching 24th April 2019, from innovative timber panel manufacturer, MEDITE SMARTPLY.
Created with zero-added formaldehyde, as is standard across the range, SMARTPLY ULTIMA is the strongest most moisture resistant OSB4 panel ever produced by the company.
Ideal for use in the most demanding structural applications, SMARTPLY ULTIMA is perfect for offsite manufacturing and construction.
Super versatile site hoarding: SMARTPLY SITEPROTECT now available in 16mm thickness
vrijdag 1st maart 2019
SMARTPLY SITEPROTECT is the highly engineered, moisture resistant, pre-primed OSB3 panel specifically designed to save time and money in the most demanding hoarding applications.
By popular demand, and in line with the Temporary Works Forum's (TWF) Guide to Good Practice, SMARTPLY SITEPROTECT is now being manufactured in a thickness of 16mm, making it lighter and easier to handle, without compromising on structural integrity.
MEDITE SMARTPLY Launches Time Saving New Pattress Panel For Dryliners
vrijdag 1st februari 2019
PATTRESS PLUS is the time saving, dust reducing, noise eliminating new OSB3 panel that dryliners have been dreaming of.
The latest product from innovative timber panel manufactures MEDITE SMARTPLY will be available to order from 1st February 2019.
SMARTPLY OSB creates crescent Christmas bench at The Building Centre
vrijdag 21st december 2018
It's the most wonderful time of the year at The Building Centre, Fitzrovia, London.
Just for Christmas, a circular Tin Chapel and a social seating bench have been created by Roz Barr Architects, using SMARTPLY OSB in the courtyard in front of The Building Centre.
vrijdag 21st september 2018
MEDITE SMARTPLY, producer of innovative timber panel products, has been recognised at the TTJ Awards for its marketing campaign "Work Smarter, Not Harder."
It's time to start caring about what you use for your site hoarding
donderdag 15th februari 2018
The measurement of how sustainable a building project is shouldn't necessarily be limited to the end build. The construction process itself should also be open to scrutiny with regards to its environmental credentials.
With the site hoarding often regarded only as a disposable commodity, the quality and origin of the materials used in their construction are frequently overlooked. Yet, in order to achieve a fully sustainable building project, it's just as important to consider the provenance of the materials used for your site hoardings as it is for your final building design.
SHED Project Offers Sustainable and Forward-Thinking Solution to London's Housing Crisis
donderdag 18th januari 2018
An innovative project to help combat London's housing crisis has been unveiled from Lowe Guardians and Studio Bark architects. Modular SHEDs (taken from the word SHarED), which are manufactured offsite and can be installed in the space of a day, allow for self-contained living within vacant buildings such as disused warehouses or office spaces.
MEDITE SMARTPLY Launches New Augmented Reality App
maandag 24th april 2017
MEDITE SMARTPLY, producers of innovative timber panel products, has launched a interesting new app for its SMARTPLY product range.
MEDITE SMARTPLY Donate €1000 to Carrick-On-Suir River Rescue
dinsdag 28th maart 2017
MEDITE SMARTPLY, producers of innovative timber panel products, have donated €1000 to Carrick-On-Suir River Rescue.
MEDITE SMARTPLY WIins Sustainability Award at Ecobuild 2017
donderdag 9th maart 2017
MEDITE SMARTPLY, producers of innovative timber panel products, have been awarded the most sustainable stand over 60m2 at Ecobuild 2017.


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Good Boys Red Band Trailer REACTION SOUTH AFRICAN YOUTUBER
THE OG VIDEO:https://twitter.com/i/status/1105094639705640960
Welcome to my channel, my name is Luyanda Mthimkhulu. I'm a 24 Year old South African. I make reaction videos, sometimes short Vlogs but mostly for now I make movie and series Reviews…I plan on using this channel to express myself and becoming a better filmmaker, editor…so join me on this crazy ride and don't forget to leave a like if you like my video and SUBSCRIBE
IG; south.african.geek
twitter; @LuThaPrynce
I do not own the rights to this song, video, audio, or pictures, nor do I use it for my own personal gain. All rights belong to the owner.
Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
Original of the video here
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