text:
S: The Pearl by John Steinbeck
BC: I believe this book shows that getting obsessed with things of the world, and letting them take over your life only leads to corruption. Although, by Kino losing his son and letting go of the pearl, I believe it is his greatest achievement. He may be disappointed that his dreams never came true, but it saved him in the end.
FC: The Pearl Written By John Steinbeck
1: The Pearl Project by Paige Christiana Mrs.Crew Fifth Period November 4, 2010
3: John Ernst Steinbeck was born on February twenty-seventh of 1902. Raised in California, he spent much time with his mother ,who loved art. This,he says,is where he received his love for literature. | Mr. Steinbeck,after many years of writing, was awarded the Nobel Prize. His writings were very much respected at this time, and are still read to this day.
4: The doctor lived in the nicer part of La Paz, where there were fountains, buildings made of stone, and bougainvillea growing on the walls.
5: Kino lived in the poorer side of La Paz. He lived in a straw hut,and lived near enough to the ocean to dive for pearls and fish. Kino lived in walking distance of the richer town, but to go there made him feel shameful.
6: Kino
7: Kino is a father to Coyotito, and a husband ( sort of ) to Juana. He is a rough looking man, with a coarse mustache and ratty clothing. Although poor, Kino strives to provide better for his family.
8: Juana
9: Juana is a loving mother to her son, Coyotito, and also a faithful wife to her husband, Kino. Juana has long hair, and appears to be hardworking. She is a strong woman, and only wants what's good for her family.
10: Coyotito
11: Coyotito is Kino and Juana's only son. He is a good baby, who is loved dearly by his parents. He has dark hair like them, and a darker skin tone.
13: The Doctor is a hateful and racist man, who is very wealthy and very greedy as well. The Doctor hates Kino and his race, believing he is better than them.
14: Chapter 1 | In chapter one we (the audience) are introduced to Kino, the main character, and his family. Here, we see how their everyday life begins in the mornings, except for this particular morning there is a shock! Coyotito, Kino's son, is stung by a scorpion. Luckily, Juana sucked the poison out right after, and Kino killed the scorpion. | Juana announced that they would go to the Doctor, but the Doctor, being a racist man, made up a lie so he didn't have to go to the door. Kino felt ashamed, and they went back home.
15: Kino, Juana, and Coyotito paddled out in their canoe. Here, villagers catch fish to eat, or on a lucky day, find an oyster with a pearl inside. Kino happens to be having one of these days, and finds a huge pearl! Relieved, they could now afford to get Coyotito medical attention! | Chapter 2
16: Chapter 3 | News of Kino's pearl spreads quickly from the poor village to the town. Hearing of Kino's great blessing, the Doctor decides he's "not so busy" anymore and goes to Kino's hut to see Coyotito. The Doctor announces that the poison has now gone inside of the small boy, and he must quickly give him medicine. | The Doctor tricks Kino into trusting him. The Doctor leaves, and Coyotito becomes very ill. The Doctor returns and "saves" the baby. Kino begins to feel paranoid about his pearl, and hides it that night. It was good he did this because someone tried to steal it.
17: The towns and villages all know that this is the day Kino will sell his pearl. The men who wished to buy this pearl planned ahead to try to trick Kino into believing it was worth less than it really was. Kino refused to sell the pearl for their low prices, and decided to travel to the capitol soon to sell it. | Chapter 4
18: Chapter 5 | Juana attempts to destroy the pearl, or at least lose it in the sea, but just as she begins to throw it Kino tackles her to the ground. Kino, now with rage, stomps back towards his hut. Suddenly, a figure of a man jumps out and he and Kino begin to fight.
19: Kino ends up killing the man with his knife, and both lay on the ground. He believes he has lost the pearl, but Juana finds it and gives it back to him. Being the wise wife she is, Juana moves the dead body out of the path. | The family then decides it's of their best interest to sail away, but their canoe is mysteriously smashed. Their hut is burned down soon after, so they hide in Kino's brother's hut.
20: Chapter 6 | Kino and his family set out on foot during the night and manage to get to the Gulf. Here, Kino sees the misfortune and torment the pearl has brought to his family. Later, they find out that trackers are following them. They try to lose the trackers on the mountain, but couldn't. Coyotito is shot and killed because he made a noise that was misunderstood as a coyote pup whine. Kino, in the end, throws the pearl back into the sea.


text:
On October 26-29, the first Student Startup Camp of Kutaisi will be arranged at Akaki Tsereteli State University by Impact Hub Tbilisi and Garage48.
This is an intensive course aimed at developing innovative ideas and getting the basic knowledge needed to start the startup. Participants will work intensively with international mentors for four days.
The next Student Startup Camp will be held on 16-19 November in Batumi. Also, Batumi will host the Final Hackaton in December, where programmers, designers, marketers, entrepreneurs and project managers will develop creative ideas and create working prototypes.
Garage48 is a series of events that started in Estonia in April 2010 and is being held in various countries. Over the years, a number of interesting ideas have been implemented within the project and several successful startups have been launched. The goal of the project is to encourage entrepreneurship and startup culture, and teach people how to put the idea into a prototype in a short term.
TBC Bank's program "Startup-er" is the official partner of the Student Starup Camp in Kutaisi. Supporters are: Georgian Innovation and Technology Agency, International Education Center and Akaki Tsereteli State University.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
When celebrations are planned in Sydney, fireworks displays are usually at the forefront, such as our world famous New Year's Eve fireworks. Anyone living near Sydney Harbour will tell you that fireworks seem to be going off almost every night, celebrating a sporting win, corporate event or family birthday. In Sydney there's no better way to announce something special than to let off some fireworks.
Sydney's title as the fireworks capital of the world is now being challenged by Macau.
The night sky over Macau and its landmark Macau Tower will burst into a kaleidoscope of colours for the 27th successive year, in an international contest which has brought success for Australia and won the hearts of admirers from around the globe. Since the inaugural spectacular Macau International Fireworks Display Contest, Australian teams have finished on the podium five times, with first place in 1998 and third in 2003, 2006, 2012 and 2014.
At last year's challenge, the Skylighter Fireworks team, led by Brisbane's Max Brunner, won bronze for its performance at a highly charged carnival event that attracted teams from ten countries. "We were very pleased with the result," an excited Max said. "It was hard going into the unknown. The different style of displays from around the world really impressed us. It was our first visit to Macau and throughout the stay nothing was too much of a problem for the hosts. It was also nice to meet people from around the world who shared the same passion, and the food in Macau was equally impressive."
This year's challenge, once again organised by the Macau Government Tourist Office, will burst into action during the Mid-Autumn Festival on the Saturdays of September 5, 12, 19 as well as Sunday, September 27 and Thursday October 1.
Howard & Sons Pyrotechnics (Displays) has been invited to wave the Australian flag and will be joined by teams from China, Portugal, Malaysia, Finland, Taiwan, Korea, Italy, France and Austria. On the final day, the Australian team will meet China, last year's champion country. This should be a day for celebration, as it will be China's National Day.
Macau Government Tourist Office director, Maria Helena de Senna Fernandes, expressed her gratitude for the support shown by the fireworks companies from across the globe, making the Macau International Fireworks Display Contest one of the most stunning events of the year. To work in line with building Macau into a 'World Centre of Tourism and Leisure', Macau Government Tourist Office will continue to present more fascinating and diversified events for residents and visitors, combining different elements with tourism to attract visitors from around the world to experience Macau's charm as a 'city of events'.
Helen Wong, general manager of the Macau Government Tourist Office (Australia and New Zealand), said it was a privilege to have a team invited from Australia. "Our past success in this challenge and the positive views relayed by the visiting Australian competitors have gone a long way to highlighting Macau as an authentic holiday destination for Australians. We encourage more Australians to come in September to enjoy the Macau hospitality and support our team in its quest to win the annual spectacle."
Sandra Tiltman


text:
Gold loan company Muthoot Finance has raised Rs 286 crore from its just concluded non-convertible debenture (NCD) issue, a top company official has said.
The company had tapped the market in September with a Rs 250-crore NCD issue with an option to retain oversubscription of up to Rs 250 crore.
Of the Rs 286-crore mobilised, as much as Rs 146 crore came from institutional investors and Rs 140 crore from retail investors, Oommen Mammen, Chief Financial Officer, told Business Line.
This is the first NCD issue for the company this fiscal and the fourth since August last year.
A large proportion of the response to the latest NCD issue came in for the two-year instrument which had a coupon of 11.5 per cent per annum. The recent NCD issue was to originally close on October 5, but later extended to October 22.
Mammen did not rule out further NCD issues this fiscal. The company is yet to decide on the timelines, he noted.
Muthoot Finance is eyeing only 5-10 percent growth in assets under management this fiscal, Mammen said, adding that the current fiscal is being treated as a consolidation phase.


text:
We're here to help you be a successful student!
The Edison Media Center is a beautifully renovated space that supports students, faculty and families. We strive to support the curriculum, meet the information needs of all Tommies, and encourage reading. We have a great selection of books and strive to help everyone be successful in research, writing and technology projects.
The Edison Media Center is open from 7:50 am - 4:00 pm, Monday-Thursday. Resources available to help Tommies and their teachers be great thinkers, writers, and inquirers include books, online databases, computers and a quiet
Students may stop by before or after school or with a pass from their teacher.
Mrs. Spencer, Media Specialist School Librarian
Mrs. McKenna, Media Aide
Welcome to the Edison Media Center School Library
Students may have 3 books checked out simultaneously. We encourage books to be returned within 3 weeks, and they can be renewed for longer.
During the school year, students will check out textbooks and library books. All materials checked out under their name are the responsibility of that student.
If the book is lost, damaged, or not returned the student is responsible to replace the book. The cost of replacing the book will be charged to you.
SENIORS: It is important that you check to determine if you have any obligations with the Media Center, Counseling Office, and Athletic Department. You will not be able to receive your cap and gown for graduation unless all of your obligations are cleared.
Britannica: A reference encyclopedia for all levels!
Destiny: Find books/resources and check your library account
Electronic Library of Minnesota or ELM: Databases galore!
Student Learning Resources
Acceptable Use Policy
Student Obligations
Like us on Facebook for news and information
700 22nd Ave NE Minneapolis, MN 55418
Telephone: 612.668.1300 | Fax: 612.668.1320


text:
- Recognition at all events
- 5x7 giclee of sponsored fish
- Sponsor Recognition on CWH Website
- Recognition on Monument
- Sponsor Board recognition at all events
Your sponsorship will be put towards one of the fish below.
Click the thumbnails below to view the painting larger.
You will be asked to specify which piece you'd like to sponsor at checkout.
Thank you!
Sponsor a child's fish by art students of Visionary School of Arts ages 5-17 for the downtown Stuart mural


text:
We're located on the east end of Sanibel Island, just one mile from the historic Sanibel Lighthouse at 671 East Gulf Drive Sanibel Island, FL 33957. If you need driving directions just click on the map below!
Welcome to Beautiful Sanibel Island!
Book now
Sandalfoot Management Reservations
E-mail or call to get the latest special offers and availability.
Sandalfoot Beachfront Condominium
Located at:
671 East Gulf Drive
Sanibel Island, FL 33957
Connect with Us!
We'd love to stay in touch with you on social media. We regularly post new photos so please be sure to follow us!


text:
Select Your Favorite Language
Runing time in india
|Interesting place ::
|Kerala the state in Southern India is renowned for many nifty(good) reasons. It is not meet the picturesque genre or the braw fairs and festivals or the rejuvenating Ayurveda therapy, but there are umteen additional attractions that wee Kerala a perfect refer to determine for holidays and tours. One can meet to galore glamourous post here but the few most wanted after which are advised to be the gem of Kerala touristry are as registered here.
|Alleppey ::
|Hump you ever spend life or yet dark over the wealthiness floating hotel. Substantially here I am conversation roughly the exquisite and sartor prefabricated houseboat for which Alleppey the Venice of the Eastern is so really favourite. It is an crowning station to go for houseboat cruise to appointment the nature that is just beyond words to exposit.
|Kovalam ::
|Swaying area, pristine beaches, tourist all over the conductor blond beaches prevarication under the honour of the sun and children making sand hall, the really oldest consider of Kovalam instrument certainly alter you slip in bang with. Kovalam is a direction of all ages and everyone can pass merry moment with fraught of joy and happiness. Go for a rainfall surfboarding or attempt with the waves or enjoy the scrumptious sea content and snacks in the exotic restaurants, a tour to Kovalam is certainly leaving to be an participate that you will jazz to relish
|Kumarakom ::
|Here you come to one of the most splendiferous destination in Kerala. Placed along the tranquil finances of the Vembanad Lake, the micro town is rattling favourite for its sumptuous and leaf observe asylum and the elongated line backwater famously specked by the swaying coco trees. It is designer to communicate Kumarakom as one can like the houseboat cruise over the picturesque backwater as asymptomatic as disclose with the various birds inside the area. It is feat to be a realistic crawfish for naturalist and observe watchers.
Recovered, Kerala is not right known for these absorbing places, but erstwhile you are here, there are galore gateways that present lawless to make your holidays and tours pleasurable and memorable.
|Munna ::
|There is no other places that can position Munnar from state on the top of the tip. It is here the nature speaks in its undyed configuration and locomote the visitors with its magnetizing exemplar that seems to be so poised by the Omnipotent. No doubtfulness its magnetizing and beseeching model has earned Munnar a found "Kashmir of the South".
|Location :- Home >> interesting place >> Kerala, India
|Copyright © 2013 - 2019 www.visitindia4u.in


text:
Let's start with Gianfranco Ferré for Christian Dior:
Why, hello sports luxe, I thought I hated you, but you're look mighty fine right here. What an incredibly cool collection for a fashion house so wrapped up in its own traditions. P.S. Could these designs have been the inspiration for Mona May's iconic tennis court costumes in Clueless (1995)?
I'd like to think so.
And here's Christian Lacroix
Any declension narrative of the 21st century should include a lament for the folding of the Christian Lacroix label in 2009. The heady, rich glamour of mid-1990s fashion is so evident in this collection. The Balkan-ish surface decoration and headdresses in Lacroix's collection hints at a trend that is fully fledged in Jean Paul Gaultier's:
I find Gaultier's collection so beautiful but at the same time have to work hard not to think of the objectionable adjectives that would doubtless be used to describe it - ethnic, tribal, gypsy, exotic... ew.
On a happier note, did you spot Bjork?
I adore the short scene featuring Sonia Rykiel's Autumn/Winter 1994 collection:
When did models stop walking like that? I know everyone goes on about Linda Evangelista's "$10,000 to get out of bed" line, but boy do these women earn every cent. See also the fictional Cort Romney's (played by the heavenly Richard E. Grant) collection, which actually featured Vivienne Westwood's designs:
And Kate Moss got her boobs out.
What else is new?
In a very different vein is Xuly Bet's collection for the fictional designer Cy Bianco (played exquisitely by Forest Whitaker. SPOILER AHEAD...: Cy Bianco and Cort Romney make out. Heaven):
There aren't enough dust-ups on catwalks these days.
Finally, on non-fashion note, Prêt-à-Porter contains Julia Roberts' finest performance in any film ever:


text:
Hire Our Professional Literature Review Writers
Why Do You Need to Use Literature Review Writers?
Writing a literature review is not at all easy. It will require a huge amount of time to identify the literature that you need to read and to find what is related to the subject area in which you are going to do your research. Then you will need to write up what you have discovered in a critical manner to set the scene for your own research.
All of this takes a considerable amount of time and will need to be completed in a manner that creates a document that is error free and perfectly formatted. Because of this many students will struggle with being able to complete their literature review whether it is part of a bigger paper or as a standalone task. This is why so many will seek out help from professional literature review writers.
We Provide the Best Literature Review Writer
With so many writing services out there it can be very difficult to decide which you should use. Many will offer you general writers that know nothing about writing a literature review dissertation or the subject area of your research paper; while others may provide you with copied material taken directly from other papers available online.See our Lit Review Sample
This is why you must use a professional and specialized company such as ours to provide you with the help that you need. We provide you with highly qualified and experienced writers that are ideally suited to provide you with the support that you require:
- Highly experienced in the writing of literature reviews at the level you require
- Holders of relevant postgraduate degrees within your field of research
- Full understanding of how to cite your sources
- Full understanding of academic formatting
- Broad understanding of relevant research and literature in your field
- Native English language speakers
Why Use Our Writers for Your Literature Review Paper?
We aim to ensure that you always get the very best help with your literature review which is why we don't just provide you with one of the best online writers; we also provide you with direct communication with them. This ensures that they have the opportunity to fully understand the purpose of your research and can tailor the writing of your literature review accordingly. All writing is done from scratch without any form of copying. All sources used will be properly cited within your text and bibliography provided if required. Once all writing is completed you are able to review the draft term paper literature review and can request as many alterations as you require.
Our Guarantees Provide You with the Confidence That You Need to Order Our Expert Help
Our specialized writers and editors are some of the very best that you will find online and are fully dedicated to ensuring that you get precisely the help that you need with your literature review thesis. They know how to do literature review writing that will fully support your research and that is original and free of errors. In addition to their skills we also provide all of the following:
- Short lead times and we guarantee delivery within your deadline
- Highly affordable rates that will not break the bank
- Fully confidential help
- Plagiarism testing to confirm that there is zero copying
- Proofreading to ensure that your lit review is error free and correctly formatted
- Unlimited revisions until you are fully satisfied
- Guaranteed full satisfaction or a full refund


text:
I openly admit that when I started working with crystals, I didn't see the value in clear quartz. I thought it was boring. There are so many other gorgeous options out there, why would you pick clear quartz? Meh.
A few years ago, something changed. I suddenly fell head over heals with this amazing crystal and couldn't get enough. Every time I visited my favorite shop, I HAD to bring some home.
Clear quartz is said to be the most powerful energy amplifier on the planet. It boosts the energy of the crystals around it, so it's the perfect way to amp up your intentions. It enhances psychic abilities and attunes you to your spiritual purpose. In short - clear quartz MAKES STUFF HAPPEN! POW!
From raw chunks to polished points, carved animals to tumbled stones, spheres to skulls – clear quartz can be found in a wide variety of forms. There are no "rules" when it comes to choosing pieces. Whatever you are attracted to will work for you.
Use clear quartz to keep your space cleansed and free from negativity. Place it in a bowl or on a table with other crystals to increase their energy. Use in a grid to magnify and focus your intent. I have found it to be extremely versatile, very soothing, and wear it often for balance and protection. Take some time to explore clear quartz and see what messages it has for you.


text:
Exploring Exosome-Mediated Stem Cell Engraftment for Hemoglobinopathies
By Barbara Drosey
Intent on pursuing a career in fetal surgery since age 11, Meghana V. Kashyap, MD, a general surgery resident at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, reached out to five prominent fetal surgery centers to determine where her two years of dedicated research, allowed by her training program, would best be spent.
"Every program I interviewed with had done their training under Dr. (Alan) Flake and his colleagues here at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia," Dr. Kashyap said. "I thought, why not train at the institution that produced these other surgeon-scientists?"


text:
New York Times Endorses Michael Bloomberg
I've already commented on the Times site to much the same effect as many of the comments so far. I am furious that Bloomie has decided to unilaterally negate the term limits that we voted on twice and then says something about restoring the status quo after his third term. Can we just say "arrogance" to the point of being obnoxious and does this mean he agrees on term limits except as they apply to himself since he has apparently achieved godlike status?
I remember angrily hanging up on one of his telephone campaign messages which began "This is Ed Koch for Mayor Mike Bloomberg". Ed is the one who caused term limits to be imposed in the first place!
Read the Article at HuffingtonPost


text:
LOWER DIR - Pakistan has sealed its Lower Dir border with Afghanistan and taken solid and effective steps to check infiltration of militants from the Afghan side. The number of checkposts has been increased while additional security forces deployed and alerted to deal with any incursions of the militants.
Lower Dir DCO Mahmud Aslam Wazir briefed media on Sunday and said Lower Dir was a sensitive area as its western borders were linked with Afghanistan and Bajaur Agency, while militants from Afghanistan were attempting to attack the border areas.
He said the border had been sealed completely to prevent any attack. The DCO added there had been significant decrease in incursions from Afghanistan side. He said the Lashkar was also cooperating with the government to defend every inch of the country.


text:
The 1950s (pronounced nineteen-fifties; commonly abbreviated as the fifties (among other variants)) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1950, and ended on December 31, 1959.
By its end, the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late-1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the early-1960s.
Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. The conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1. Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons (such as RDS-37 and Upshot–Knothole), this created a politically conservative climate. In the United States, the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the prevailing sentiment in the United States throughout the decade. The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade.
YouTube Encyclopedic
1/5Views:1 668 726836 111437 316309 53829 198
✪ Mid Century Home life -- The 50s
✪ AMERICAN NOSTALGIA: The 1950s Thanksgiving
✪ PBS Documentary - The 1950s - Segment 1 of 3
✪ 1950s Fashion Is Not What You Think It Is
✪ Snapshot: The Decades: 1950s
- 1 Politics and wars
- 2 Disasters
- 3 Economics
- 4 Religion
- 5 Assassinations and attempts
- 6 Science and technology
- 7 Popular culture
- 8 People
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
Politics and wars
- Cold War conflicts involving the influence of the rival superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States
- Korean War (1950–1953) – The war, which lasted from June 25, 1950, until the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement on July 27, 1953, started as a civil war between North Korea and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). When it began, North and South Korea existed as provisional governments competing for control over the Korean peninsula, due to the division of Korea by outside powers. While originally a civil war, it quickly escalated into a war between the Western powers under the United Nations Command led by the United States and its allies and the communist powers of the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. On September 15, General Douglas MacArthur conducted Operation Chromite, an amphibious landing at the city of Inchon (Song Do port). The North Korean army collapsed, and within a few days, MacArthur's army retook Seoul (South Korea's capital). He then pushed north, capturing Pyongyang in October. Chinese intervention the following month drove UN forces south again. MacArthur then planned for a full-scale invasion of China, but this was against the wishes of President Truman and others who wanted a limited war. He was dismissed and replaced by General Matthew Ridgeway. The war then became a bloody stalemate for the next two and a half years while peace negotiations dragged on. The war left 33,742 American soldiers dead, 92,134 wounded, and 80,000 missing in action (MIA) or prisoner of war (POW). Estimates place Korean and Chinese casualties at 1,000,000–1,400,000 dead or wounded, and 140,000 MIA or POW.
- The Vietnam War began in 1955. Diệm instituted a policy of death penalty against any communist activity in 1956. The Viet Minh began an assassination campaign in early 1957. An article by French scholar Bernard Fall published in July 1958 concluded that a new war had begun. The first official large unit military action was on September 26, 1959, when the Viet Cong ambushed two ARVN companies.[1]
- Arab–Israeli conflict (from the early 20th century)
- Suez Crisis (1956) – The Suez Crisis was a war fought on Egyptian territory in 1956. Following the nationalisation of the Suez Canal in 1956 by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the United Kingdom, France and Israel subsequently invaded. The operation was a military success, but after the United States and Soviet Union united in opposition to the invasion, the invaders were forced to withdraw. This was seen as a major humiliation, especially for the two Western European countries, and symbolizes the beginning of the end of colonialism and the weakening of European global importance, specifically the collapse of the British Empire.
- Algerian War (1954–1962) – An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians, use of torture on both sides and counter-terrorism operations by the French Army. The war eventually led to the independence of Algeria from France.
Internal conflicts
- Cuban Revolution (1953–1959) – The 1959 overthrow of Fulgencio Batista by Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and other forces resulted in the creation of the first communist government in the Western hemisphere.
- The Mau Mau began retaliating against the British in Kenya. This led to concentration camps in Kenya, a British military victory, and the election of moderate nationalist Jomo Kenyatta as leader of Kenya.
- The wind of destruction began in Rwanda in 1959 following the assault of Hutu politician Dominique Mbonyumutwa by Tutsi forces. This was the beginning of decades of ethnic violence in the country, which culminated in the 1994 Rwandan Genocide.
- Hungarian Revolution of 1956 – A massive, spontaneous popular uprising in the Soviet satellite state of Hungary against that country's Soviet-backed Marxist-Leninist regime, inspired by political changes in Poland and the Soviet Union. The uprising, fought primarily by students and workers, managed to fight the invading Soviet Army to a standstill, and a new, pro-reform government took power. While the top Soviet leaders even considered withdrawing from Hungary entirely, they soon crushed the Revolution with a massive second invasion, killing thousands of Hungarians and sending hundreds of thousands more into exile. This was the largest act of internal dissent in the history of the Soviet Bloc, and its violent suppression served to further discredit the Soviet Union even among its erstwhile supporters.
Decolonization and Independence
- Decolonization of former European Colonial empires. The French Fourth Republic in particular faced conflict on two fronts within the French Union, the Algerian War and the First Indo-China War. The Federation of Malaya peacefully gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. French rule ended in Algeria in 1958, Vietnam left French Indo-china in 1954. The rival states of North Vietnam and South Vietnam were formed. Cambodia and the Kingdom of Laos also gained independence, effectively ending French presence in Southeast Asia. Elsewhere the Belgian Congo and other African nations gained their independence from France, Belgium and the United Kingdom.
- Large-scale decolonization in Africa first began in the 1950s. In 1951, Libya became the first African country to gain independence in the decade, and in 1954 the Algerian War began. 1956 saw Sudan, Morocco, and Tunisia become independent, and the next year Ghana became the first sub-saharan African nation to gain independence.
Prominent political events
- European Common Market – The European Communities (or Common Markets), the precursor of the European Union, was established with the Treaty of Rome in 1957.
- On November 1, 1950, two Puerto Rican nationalists staged an attempted assassination on U.S. President Harry S. Truman. The leader of the team Griselio Torresola had firearm experience and Oscar Collazo was his accomplice. They made their assault at the Blair House where President Truman and his family were staying. Torresola mortally wounded a White House policeman, Leslie Coffelt, who shot Torresola dead before expiring himself. Collazo, as a co-conspirator in a felony that turned into a homicide, was found guilty of murder and was sentenced to death in 1952 but then his sentence was later commuted to life in prison.
- On July 7, 1950, the first Group Areas Act was promulgated by the Parliament of South Africa and implemented over a period of several years. The passing of the Act contributed significantly to the period of institutionalised racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa known as Apartheid, which lasted from 1948 to 1991. One of the most famous uses of the Group Areas Act was the destruction of Sophiatown, a suburb of Johannesburg, which began on the 9th of February 1955.
- Establishment of the Non-aligned Movement, consisting of nations not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc.
- The U.S. ended its occupation of Japan, which became fully independent. Japan held democratic elections and recovered economically.
- Within a year of its establishment, the People's Republic of China had reclaimed Tibet and intervened in the Korean War, causing years of hostility and estrangement from the United States. Mao admired Stalin and rejected the changes in Moscow after Stalin's death in 1953, leading to growing tension with the Soviet Union.
- In 1950–1953 France tried to contain a growing communist insurgency led by Ho Chi Minh. After their defeat in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 France granted independence to the nations of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. At the Geneva Conference of 1954 France and the Communists agreed to divide Vietnam and hold elections in 1956. The U.S. and South Vietnam rejected the Geneva accords and the division became permanent.
- The Chinese Civil War, which had started officially in 1927 and continued until the Second World War had ended on May 7, 1950. It resulted in the previous incumbent government in China, the Republic of China, retreating to the islands of Taiwan and Hainan until the Landing Operation on Hainan Island.
- Africa experienced the beginning of large-scale top-down economic interventions in the 1950s that failed to cause improvement and led to charitable exhaustion by the West as the century went on. The widespread corruption was not dealt with and war, disease, and famine continued to be constant problems in the region.
- Egyptian general Gamel Abdel Nasser overthrew the Egyptian monarchy, establishing himself as President of Egypt. Nasser became an influential leader in the Middle East in the 1950s, leading Arab states into war with Israel, becoming a major leader of the Non-Aligned Movement and promoting pan-Arab unification.
- In 1957, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, after a series of negotiations with the then British empire, secured the independence of Ghana. Ghana was hitherto referred to as Gold Coast, a colony of the British Empire.
- In the 1950s, America was the center of covert and overt conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States. Their varying collusion with national, populist, and elitist interests destabilized the region. The United States CIA orchestrated the overthrow of the Guatemalan government in 1954. In 1958, the military dictatorship of Venezuela was overthrown. This continued a pattern of regional revolution and warfare making extensive use of ground forces.
- In 1957, Dr. François Duvalier came to power in an election in Haiti. He later declared himself president for life, and ruled until his death in 1971.
- In 1959, Alaska (3 January) and Hawaii (21 August) became the 49th and 50th states respectively of the United States.
- In 1959, Fidel Castro overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista in Cuba, establishing a communist government in the country. Although Castro initially sought aid from the US, he was rebuffed and later turned to the Soviet Union.
- NORAD signed in 1959 by Canada and the United States creating a unified North American air defense system.
- Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956, and on April 21, 1960, became the capital of Brazil
- With the help of the Marshall Plan, post-war reconstruction succeeded, with some countries (including West Germany) adopting free market capitalism while others adopted Keynesian-policy welfare states. Europe continued to be divided into Western and Soviet bloc countries. The geographical point of this division came to be called the Iron Curtain.
- Because previous attempts for a unified state failed, Germany remained divided into two states: the capitalist Federal Republic of Germany in the west and the socialist German Democratic Republic in the east. The Federal Republic identified itself as the legal successor to the fascist dictatorship and was obliged in paying war reparations. The GDR, however, denounced the fascist past completely and did not recognize itself as responsible for paying reparations on behalf of the Nazi regime. The GDR's more harsh attitude in suppressing anti-communist and Russophobic sentiment lingering in the post-Nazi society resulted in increased emigration to the west.
- While the United States military maintained its bases in western Europe, the Soviet Union maintained its bases in the east. In 1953, Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, died. This led to the rise of Nikita Khrushchev, who denounced Stalin and pursued a more liberal domestic and foreign policy, stressing peaceful competition with the West rather than overt hostility. There were anti-Stalinist uprisings in East Germany and Poland in 1953 and Hungary in 1956.
- On August 15, 1950 the 8.6 Mw Assam–Tibet earthquake shakes the region with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing between 1,500–3,300 people.
- On January 18, 1951 Mount Lamington erupted in Papua New Guinea, killing 3,000 people.
- On January 31, 1953 the North Sea flood of 1953 killed 1,835 people in the southwestern Netherlands (especially Zeeland) and 307 in the United Kingdom[2]
- On September 9, 1954 the 6.7 Mw Chlef earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The shock destroyed Orléansville, left 1,243–1,409 dead, and 5,000 injured.
- On October 11, 1954 Hurricane Hazel crossed over Haiti, killing 1,000.
- On August 19, 1955 Hurricane Diane hit the northeastern United States, killing over 200 people, and causing over $1.0 billion in damage.
- On June 27, 1957 Hurricane Audrey demolished Cameron, Louisiana, US, killing 400 people.
- In April 1959, the Río Negro flooded central Uruguay.
- Typhoon Vera hit central Honshū on September 26, 1959, killing an estimated 5,098, injuring another 38,921, and leaving 1,533,000 homeless. Most of the damage was centered in the Nagoya area.
- On December 2, 1959, Malpasset Dam in southern France collapsed and water flowed over the town of Fréjus, killing 412.
- On March 12, 1950, an Avro Tudor plane carrying a rugby team crashed in Wales, killing 80 people.
- On June 18, 1953, a USAF Douglas C-124 Globemaster II crashed after takeoff from Tachikawa, Japan, killing all 129 on board.
- On January 10, 1954, BOAC Flight 781, a new de Havilland Comet jetliner, disintegrated in mid-air due to structural failure and crashed off the Italian coast, killing all 35 on board.
- On June 30, 1956, a United Airlines Douglas DC-7 and a Trans World Airlines Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation collided above the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people on board both aircraft.
- On July 25, 1956, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria collided with the Swedish ocean liner MS Stockholm off the Nantucket, Massachusetts, coastline. 51 people were killed and the Andrea Doria sank the next morning.
- On February 6, 1958, British European Airways Flight 609 crashed on its third attempt to take off from a slush-covered runway at Munich-Riem Airport in Munich, West Germany. 23 people on board were killed (including 8 players of the Manchester United F.C. soccer team).
- On April 21, 1958, a mid-air collision between United Airlines Flight 736 and a USAF fighter jet killed 49 people.
- On August 14, 1958, a KLM Lockheed Constellation crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Ireland, killing all 99 people aboard.
- The United States was the most influential economic power in the world after World War II under the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Inflation was moderate during the decade of the 1950s. The first few months had a deflationary hangover from the 1940s but the first full year ended with what looked like the beginnings of massive inflation with annual inflation rates ranging from 8% to 9% a year. By 1952 inflation subsided. 1954 and 1955 flirted with deflation again but the remainder of the decade had moderate inflation ranging from 1% to 3.7%. The average annual inflation for the entire decade was only 2.04%.[3]
On November 1, 1950, in the Apostolic Constitution Munificentissimus Deus, the Pope Pius XII declared the Assumption of Mary as a dogma:
By the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ, of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and by our own authority, we pronounce, declare, and define it to be a divinely revealed dogma: that the Immaculate Mother of God, the ever Virgin Mary, having completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory.
Pope Pius XII deliberately left open the question of whether Mary died before her Assumption.
Before the dogmatic definition, in Deiparae Virginis Mariae Pope Pius XII sought the opinion of Catholic Bishops and a large number of them pointed to the Book of Genesis (3:15) as scriptural support for the dogma. In Munificentissimus Deus Pius XII referred to the "struggle against the infernal foe" as in Genesis 3:15 and to "complete victory over the sin and death" as in the Letters of Paul as a scriptural basis for the dogmatic definition, Mary being assumed to heaven as in 1 Corinthians 15:54: "then shall come to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory".
Assassinations and attempts
Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include:
- 1950: The attempted assassination of Harry Truman - two Puerto Rican nationalists attempted to assassinate President Truman in Washington, DC, killing two Secret Service agents. The president was not hurt. One of the assassins was killed in the incident and the other was sentenced to death. President Truman converted his sentence to life imprisonment.
- 1951: King Abdullah's assassination - King Abdullah I of Jordan was murdered during the Friday prayers in Jerusalem. With his assassination the possibility of peace negotiations between Israel and Jordan came to a long end.
- 1955: The assassination of the President of Panama - the president of Panama José Antonio Remón Cantera was assassinated.
- 1956: The assassination of the Nicaraguan president - Anastasio Somoza García, the dictatorial president of Nicaragua, was killed by an assassin. After his death the throne took hold of his son, Luis Somosa DeBeila.
- 1959: The assassination of Sri Lanka's Prime Minister - Sri Lankan Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike was assassinated by a robed Buddhist monk as part of the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict.
Science and technology
The recently invented bipolar transistor, though initially quite feeble, had clear potential and was rapidly improved and developed at the beginning of the 1950s by companies such as GE, RCA, and Philco. The first commercial transistor production started at the Western Electric plant in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in October, 1951 with the point contact germanium transistor. It wasn't until around 1954 that transistor products began to achieve real commercial success with small portable radios.
A breakthrough in semiconductor technology came with the invention of the MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor), also known as the MOS transistor, by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs,[4] in November 1959.[5] It revolutionized the electronics industry,[6] and became the fundamental building block of the Digital Revolution.[7] The MOSFET went on to become the most widely manufactured device in history.[8][9]
Television, which first reached the marketplace in the 1940s, attained maturity during the 1950s and by the end of the decade, most American households owned a TV set. A rush to produce larger screens than the tiny ones found on 1940s models occurred during 1950–52. In 1954, RCA intro Bell Telephone Labs produced the first Solar battery. In 1954, you could get a yard of contact paper for only 59 cents. Polypropylene was invented in 1954. In 1955, Jonas Salk invented a polio vaccine which was given to more than seven million American students. In 1956, a solar powered wrist watch was invented.
A surprise came in 1957: a 184-pound (83 kg) satellite named Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviets. The space race began 4 months later as the United States launched a smaller satellite. In 1958, the first plastic Coke bottle appeared.
- Charles H. Townes builds the Maser in 1953 at the Columbia University.
- The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth on October 4, 1957.
- The United States conducts its first hydrogen bomb explosion test.
- The invention of the modern Solar cell.
- The first Passenger jets enter service.
- The U.S. uses Federal prisons, mental institutions and pharmacological testing volunteers to test drugs like LSD and chlorpromazine. Also started experimenting with the transorbital lobotomy.
- President Harry S. Truman inaugurated transcontinental television service on September 4, 1951, when he made a speech to the nation. AT&T carried his address from San Francisco and it was viewed from the west coast to the east coast at the same time.
- Francis Crick and James Watson discover the double-helix structure of DNA. Rosalind Franklin contributed to the discovery of the double helix structure.
- An immunization vaccine is produced for polio.
- The first successful ultrasound test of the heart activity.
- CERN is established.
- The world's first nuclear power plant is opened in Obninsk near Moscow.
- NASA is organized.
- The first human cervical cancer cells were cultured outside a body in 1951, from Henrietta Lacks. The cells are known as HeLa cells and are the first and most commonly used immortalised cell line.
- First transistor computer, built at the University of Manchester in November 1953.
Popular culture
Popular music in the early 1950s was essentially a continuation of the crooner sound of the previous decade, with less emphasis on the jazz-influenced big band style and more emphasis on a conservative, operatic, symphonic style of music. Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Frankie Laine, Patti Page, Judy Garland, Johnnie Ray, Kay Starr, Perry Como, Bing Crosby, Rosemary Clooney, Dean Martin, Georgia Gibbs, Eddie Fisher, Teresa Brewer, Dinah Shore, Kitty Kallen, Joni James, Peggy Lee, Julie London, Toni Arden, June Valli, Doris Day, Arthur Godfrey, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Guy Mitchell, Nat King Cole, and vocal groups like the Mills Brothers, The Ink Spots, The Four Lads, The Four Aces, The Chordettes, The Fontane Sisters, The Hilltoppers and the Ames Brothers. Jo Stafford's "You Belong To Me" was the #1 song of 1952 on the Billboard Top 100 chart.
The middle of the decade saw a change in the popular music landscape as classic pop was swept off the charts by rock-and-roll. Crooners such as Eddie Fisher, Perry Como, and Patti Page, who had dominated the first half of the decade, found their access to the pop charts significantly curtailed by the decade's end.[10] doo-wop entered the pop charts in the 1950s. Its popularity soon spawns the parody "Who Put the Bomp".
Rock-n-roll emerged in the mid-1950s with Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson, Gene Vincent, Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Little Richard, James Brown, Bo Diddley, Buddy Holly, Bobby Darin, Ritchie Valens, Duane Eddy, Eddie Cochran, Brenda Lee, Bobby Vee, Connie Francis, Johnny Mathis, Neil Sedaka, Pat Boone and Ricky Nelson being notable exponents. In the mid-1950s, Elvis Presley became the leading figure of the newly popular sound of rock and roll with a series of network television appearances and chart-topping records. Chuck Berry, with "Maybellene" (1955), "Roll Over Beethoven" (1956), "Rock and Roll Music" (1957) and "Johnny B. Goode" (1958), refined and developed the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive, focusing on teen life and introducing guitar solos and showmanship that would be a major influence on subsequent rock music.[11] Bill Haley, Jerry Lee Lewis, The Everly Brothers, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, Conway Twitty, Johnny Horton, and Marty Robbins were Rockabilly musicians. Doo-wop was another popular genre at the time. Popular Doo Wop and Rock-n-Roll bands of the mid to late 1950s include The Platters, The Flamingos, The Dells, The Silhouettes, Frankie Lymon and The Teenagers, Little Anthony and The Imperials, Danny & the Juniors, The Coasters, The Drifters, The Del-Vikings and Dion and the Belmonts.
The new music differed from previous styles in that it was primarily targeted at the teenager market, which became a distinct entity for the first time in the 1950s as growing prosperity meant that young people did not have to grow up as quickly or be expected to support a family. Rock-and-roll proved to be a difficult phenomenon for older Americans to accept and there were widespread accusations of it being a communist-orchestrated scheme to corrupt the youth, although rock and roll was extremely market based and capitalistic.
Jazz stars in the 1950s who came into prominence in their genres called bebop, hard bop, cool jazz and the blues, at this time included Lester Young, Ben Webster, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, Art Tatum, Bill Evans, Ahmad Jamal, Oscar Peterson, Gil Evans, Jerry Mulligan, Cannonball Adderley, Stan Getz, Chet Baker, Dave Brubeck, Art Blakey, Max Roach, the Miles Davis Quintet, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Ella Fitzgerald, Ray Charles, Sarah Vaughan, Dinah Washington, Nina Simone, and Billie Holiday.
The American folk music revival became a phenomenon in the United States in the 1950s to mid-1960s with the initial success of The Weavers who popularized the genre. Their sound, and their broad repertoire of traditional folk material and topical songs inspired other groups such as the Kingston Trio, the Chad Mitchell Trio, The New Christy Minstrels, and the "collegiate folk" groups such as The Brothers Four, The Four Freshmen, The Four Preps, and The Highwaymen. All featured tight vocal harmonies and a repertoire at least initially rooted in folk music and topical songs.
On 3 February 1959, a chartered plane transporting the three American rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson goes down in foggy conditions near Clear Lake, Iowa, killing all four occupants on board, including pilot Roger Peterson. The tragedy is later termed "The Day the Music Died", popularized in Don McLean's 1972 song "American Pie". This event, combined with the conscription of Elvis into the US Army, is often taken to mark the point where the era of 1950s rock-and-roll ended.
The 1950s are known as The Golden Age of Television by some people. Sales of TV sets rose tremendously in the 1950s and by 1950 4.4 million families in America had a television set. Americans devoted most of their free time to watching television broadcasts. People spent so much time watching TV, that movie attendance dropped and so did the number of radio listeners.[12] Television revolutionized the way Americans see themselves and the world around them. TV affects all aspects of American culture. "Television affects what we wear, the music we listen to, what we eat, and the news we receive."[13]
European cinema experienced a renaissance in the 1950s following the deprivations of World War II. Italian director Federico Fellini won the first foreign language film Academy Award with La Strada and garnered another Academy Award with Nights of Cabiria. In 1955, Swedish director Ingmar Bergman earned a Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival with Smiles of a Summer Night and followed the film with masterpieces The Seventh Seal and Wild Strawberries. Jean Cocteau's Orphée, a film central to his Orphic Trilogy, starred Jean Marais and was released in 1950. French director Claude Chabrol's Le Beau Serge is now widely considered the first film of the French New Wave. Notable European film stars of the period include Brigitte Bardot, Sophia Loren, Marcello Mastroianni, Max von Sydow, and Jean-Paul Belmondo.
Japanese cinema reached its zenith with films from director Akira Kurosawa including Rashomon, Ikiru, Seven Samurai, Throne of Blood, and The Hidden Fortress. Other distinguished Japanese directors of the period were Yasujirō Ozu and Kenji Mizoguchi. Russian fantasy director Aleksandr Ptushko's mythological epics Sadko, Ilya Muromets, and Sampo were internationally acclaimed as was Ballad of a Soldier, a 1959 Soviet film directed by Grigory Chukhray
In Hollywood, the epic Ben-Hur grabbed a record 11 Academy Awards in 1959 and its success gave a new lease of life to motion picture studio MGM.
The "Golden Era" of 3-D cinematography transpired during the 1950s.
Art movements
In the early 1950s Abstract expressionism and artists Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning were enormously influential. However, by the late 1950s Color Field painting and Barnett Newman and Mark Rothko's paintings became more in focus to the next generation.
Pop art used the iconography of television, photography, comics, cinema and advertising. With its roots in dadaism, it started to take form towards the end of the 1950s when some European artists started to make the symbols and products of the world of advertising and propaganda the main subject of their artistic work. This return of figurative art, in opposition to the abstract expressionism that dominated the aesthetic scene since the end of World War II was dominated by Great Britain until the early 1960s when Andy Warhol, the most known artist of this movement began to show Pop Art in galleries in the United States.
The 1950s saw the birth of the teenager and with it rock n roll and youth fashion dominating the fashion industry. In the UK the Teddy boy became both style icons and anti-authoritarian figures. While in America Greasers had a similar social position. Previously teenagers dressed similar to their parents but now a rebellious and different youth style was being developed. this was particularly noticeable in the overtly sexual nature of their dress. men wore tight trousers, leather jackets and emphasis was on long greasy hair.
New ideas meant new designers who had a concept of what was fashion. Fashion started gaining a voice and style when Christian Dior created "The New Look" collection. The 1950s was not only about spending on luxurious brands but also the idea of being comfortable was created. It was a time where resources were available and it was a new type of fashion. Designers were creating collections with different materials such as: taffeta, nylon, rayon, wool and leather that allowed different colors and patterns. People started wearing artificial fibers because it was easier to take care of and it was price effective.[14] It was a time where shopping was part of a lifestyle.
Different designers emerged or made a comeback on the 1950s because as mention before it was a time for fashion and ideas. The most important designers from the time were:
Christian Dior: everything started in 1947 after World War II was over. Christian Dior found that there were a lot of resources in the market. He created the famous and inspirational collection named "The New Look." This consisted on the idea of creating voluminous dresses that would not only represent wealth but also show power on women. This collection was the first collection to use 80 yards of fabric.[14] He introduced the idea of the hourglass shape for women; wide shoulders, tight waistline and then voluminous full skirts. Dior was a revolutionary and he was the major influence for the next collections. He is known for always developing new ideas and designs, which led to a rapid expansion and becoming worldwide known.[15] He had pressure to create innovative designs for each collection and Dior did manage to provide that to the consumers. He not only made the hourglass shape very famous but he also developed the H-line as well as the A and Y-Lines. Dior was a very important designer, he changed the way fashion was looked on the world but most importantly he reestablished Paris as a fashion capital.[15]
Cristobal Balenciaga: Cristobal Balenciaga a Spanish designer who opened his first couture house in 1915. In 1936, he went to Paris in order to avoid the Spanish Civil War, there he had inspiration for his fashion collections. His designs were an inspiration for emerging designers of the time. His legacy is as important as the one from Dior, revolutionaries.[15] He was known for creating sack dresses, heavy volumes and balloon skirts.[16] For him everything started when he worked for Marquesa de Casa Torre who became his patron and main source of inspiration. Marquesa de Casa Torre helped Balenciaga enter the world of couture.[15] His first suit was very dramatic. The suit consisted on cutout and cut-ins the waist over a slim skirt, something not seen before.[15] Balenciaga was a revolutionary designer who was not afraid to cut and let loose because he had everything under control. In the 1950s and 1960s his designs were well known for attention to color and texture. He was creating different silhouettes for women, in 1955 he created the tunic, 1957 the sack dress and 1958 the Empire styles.[17] He was known for moving from tailored designs to shapeless allowing him to show portion and balance on the bodies.[15] Showing that his designs evolved with time and maintained his ideologies.
Coco Chanel: After World War II the famous designer reestablished herself. This time Chanel introduced very useful clothing for women, the boxy suit. The suits created in 1954 were special because of the unique tweeds that were made just for her.[18] Her ideology was to create comfort clothing that had function and made women look pretty and young. The suits had jackets, skirts and accessories such as hats and handbags.[19] Her style was well known over the world and her idea of having functional luxurious clothing influenced other designers from the era. Chanel believed that luxurious should come from being comfortable that is why her designers were so unique and different from the time period, she also achieved her looks by adding accessories such as pearl necklaces.[20] Chanel believed that even though Dior designs were revolutionary for the time period they did not managed to represent the women of the time. She believed women had to wear something to represent their survival to another war and their active roles in society.[21] Coming back from a closed house of fashion was not easy for Chanel and competing against younger designers.[21] The Chanel suit was known as a status symbol for wealthy and powerful women.[21] Chanel influenced over the years and her brand is still one of the most influential brands for fashion.
- Inaugural season of Formula One
- 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland
- 1952 Winter Olympics held in Oslo, Norway
- 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia
- 1956 Winter Olympics held in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
FIFA World Cups
- 1950 World Cup hosted by Brazil, won by Uruguay
- 1954 World Cup hosted by Switzerland, won by West Germany
- 1958 World Cup hosted by Sweden, won by Brazil
The 1958 World Cup is notable for marking the debut on the world stage of a then largely unknown 17-year-old Pelé.
World leaders
- Note: Names of world leaders shown below in bold remained in power continuously throughout the decade.
- Aleksey Innokentevich Antonov, Chief of General Staff of the Unified Armed Forces Warsaw Treaty Organization
- Eugene R. Black, President World Bank
- William Sterling Cole, Director-general International Atomic Energy Agency
- Manuel Fraga Iribarne, Secretary-general Latin Union
- André François-Poncet, Chairman of the Standing Commission International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
- Louis Goffin, Secretary-general Western European Union
- Walter Hallstein, President of the European Commission
- Fritz Hess, Director Universal Postal Union
- Ivan Stepanovich Konev, Commander-in-chief of the Unified Armed Forces Warsaw Treaty Organization
- Henri St. Leger, Secretary-general International Organization for Standardization
- Robert C. Lonati, Secretary-general World Tourism Organization
- David A. Morse, Director-general International Labour Organization
- Arnold Duncan McNair, Baron McNair, President of the European Court of Human Rights
- Ove Nielsen, Secretary-general International Maritime Organization
- Maurice Pate, Executive Director United Nations Children's Fund
- Robert Schuman, President of the European Parliamentary Assembly
- Gustav Swoboda, Chief of the Secretariat World Meteorological Organization
- José Guillermo Trabanino Guerrero, Secretary-general Organization of Central American States
- Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary World Trade Organization
- Steve Allen
- Desi Arnaz
- Fred Astaire
- Gene Autry
- Lauren Bacall
- Lucille Ball
- Brigitte Bardot
- Harry Belafonte
- Jean-Paul Belmondo
- Jack Benny
- Ingrid Bergman
- Vivian Blaine
- Humphrey Bogart
- Marlon Brando
- Lloyd Bridges
- Lenny Bruce
- Yul Brynner
- Richard Burton
- James Cagney
- Cab Calloway
- Johnny Carson
- Montgomery Clift
- Clay Cole
- Gary Cooper
- Joan Crawford
- Bing Crosby
- Tony Curtis
- Peter Cushing
- Dorothy Dandridge
- Bette Davis
- Doris Day
- James Dean
- Sandra Dee
- Brandon deWilde
- Marlene Dietrich
- Troy Donahue
- Diana Dors
- Kirk Douglas
- Clint Eastwood
- María Félix
- José Ferrer
- Errol Flynn
- Henry Fonda
- Anne Francis
- William Frawley
- Annette Funicello
- Clark Gable
- Ava Gardner
- Judy Garland
- Jackie Gleason
- Cary Grant
- John Gregson
- Alec Guinness
- Tony Hancock
- Julie Harris
- Helen Hayes
- Susan Hayward
- Rita Hayworth
- Audrey Hepburn
- Katharine Hepburn
- Charlton Heston
- William Holden
- Judy Holliday
- Bob Hope
- Rock Hudson
- Pedro Infante
- Van Johnson
- Gene Kelly
- Grace Kelly
- Deborah Kerr
- Eartha Kitt
- Alan Ladd
- Burt Lancaster
- Peter Lawford
- Janet Leigh
- Jack Lemmon
- Jerry Lewis
- Sophia Loren
- Shirley MacLaine
- Jayne Mansfield
- Dean Martin
- Giulietta Masina
- James Mason
- Marcello Mastroianni
- Jerry Mathers
- Toshiro Mifune
- Ray Milland
- Hayley Mills
- Sal Mineo
- Robert Mitchum
- Marilyn Monroe
- Yves Montand
- Jorge Negrete
- Ricky Nelson
- Paul Newman
- Kim Novak
- Laurence Olivier
- Geraldine Page
- Jack Palance
- Gregory Peck
- Jon Provost
- Anthony Quinn
- George Reeves
- Steve Reeves
- Tommy Rettig
- Debbie Reynolds
- Thelma Ritter
- Cliff Robertson
- Roy Rogers
- Cesar Romero
- Jane Russell
- Rosalind Russell
- Eva Marie Saint
- Frank Sinatra
- Kim Stanley
- Barbara Stanwyck
- James Stewart
- Max von Sydow
- Elizabeth Taylor
- Robert Taylor
- Spencer Tracy
- Lana Turner
- Vivian Vance
- Robert Wagner
- John Wayne
- Jack Webb
- Orson Welles
- Richard Widmark
- Shelley Winters
- Natalie Wood
Everly Brothers c. 1958
Bill Haley and the Comets c. 1954
Chuck Berry in 1957
Fats Domino singing Blueberry Hill on The Alan Freed Show c. 1956
- Edith Piaf
- Black Ace
- Buddy Ace
- Johnny Ace
- Arthur Alexander
- Lee Allen
- Gene Allison
- Marian Anderson
- Pink Anderson
- Paul Anka
- Louis Armstrong
- Eddy Arnold
- Chet Atkins
- Gene Autry
- Frankie Avalon
- Charles Aznavour
- LaVern Baker
- Hank Ballard
- Bobby Bare
- Sidney Bechet
- Harry Belafonte
- Jesse Belvin
- Tex Beneke
- Boyd Bennett
- Tony Bennett
- Chuck Berry
- Richard Berry
- Bill Black
- Otis Blackwell
- Scrapper Blackwell
- Blind Blake
- Bobby Bland
- Johnny Bond
- Pat Boone
- The Big Bopper
- Jimmy Bowen
- Calvin Boze
- Jackie Brenston
- Teresa Brewer
- Big Bill Broonzy
- Charles Brown
- Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown
- James Brown
- Nappy Brown
- Roy Brown
- Ruth Brown
- Tommy Brown
- Dave Brubeck
- Jimmy Bryant
- Sonny Burgess
- Solomon Burke
- Johnny Burnette
- James Burton
- Sam Butera
- Erskine Butterfield
- Maria Callas
- Glen Campbell
- Martha Carson
- Goree Carter
- Johnny Cash
- Bobby Charles
- Ray Charles
- Boozoo Chavis
- Chubby Checker
- Clifton Chenier
- Lou Christie
- June Christy
- Eugene Church
- Dee Clark
- Joe Clay
- Jack Clement
- Patsy Cline
- Rosemary Clooney
- Eddie Cochran
- Nat "King" Cole
- John Coltrane
- Perry Como
- James Cotton
- Floyd Council
- Pee Wee Crayton
- Bing Crosby
- Bob Crosby
- Gary Crosby
- Arthur Crudup
- Mac Curtis
- Dick Dale
- Dick Dale (singer)
- Dalida
- Bobby Darin
- Hal David
- Jimmie Davis
- Miles Davis
- Sammy Davis, Jr.
- Bobby Day
- Doris Day
- Bo Diddley
- Willie Dixon
- Carl Dobkins, Jr.
- Bill Doggett
- Fats Domino
- Lonnie Donegan
- Jimmy Dorsey
- Lee Dorsey
- Tommy Dorsey
- K. C. Douglas
- Rusty Draper
- Champion Jack Dupree
- Jimmy Durante
- Leroy Van Dyke
- Jack Earls
- Billy "The Kid" Emerson
- Werly Fairburn
- Charlie Feathers
- H-Bomb Ferguson
- Eddie Fisher
- Sonny Fisher
- Toni Fisher
- Ella Fitzgerald
- Mary Ford
- Tennessee Ernie Ford
- Helen Forrest
- Connie Francis
- Alan Freed
- Ernie Freeman
- Frank Frost
- Johnny Fuller
- Billy Fury
- Earl Gaines
- Hank Garland
- Judy Garland
- Clarence Garlow
- Georgia Gibbs
- Dizzy Gillespie
- Dick Glasser
- Arthur Godfrey
- Benny Goodman
- Roscoe Gordon
- Eydie Gormé
- Charlie Gracie
- Gogi Grant
- Jack Guthrie
- Roy Hamilton
- Lionel Hampton
- Pat Hare
- Slim Harpo
- Homer Harris
- Peppermint Harris
- Wynonie Harris
- Hawkshaw Hawkins
- Screamin' Jay Hawkins
- Al Hibbler
- Chuck Higgins
- Earl Hines
- Silas Hogan
- Smokey Hogg
- Ron Holden
- Billie Holiday
- Buddy Holly
- John Lee Hooker
- Lightnin' Hopkins
- Johnny Horton
- David Houston
- Joe Houston
- Ivory Joe Hunter
- Tab Hunter
- Bull Moose Jackson
- Mahalia Jackson
- Elmore James
- Etta James
- Harry James
- Homesick James
- Joni James
- Sonny James
- Waylon Jennings
- Kris Jensen
- Dr. John
- Little Willie John
- Jimmy Jones
- Louis Jordan
- Don Julian
- Kitty Kallen
- Chris Kenner
- Anita Kerr
- Albert King
- B.B. King
- Ben E. King
- Earl King
- Freddie King
- Pee Wee King
- Saunders King
- Christine Kittrell
- Baker Knight
- Sonny Knight
- Buddy Knox
- Gene Krupa
- Frankie Laine
- Major Lance
- Mario Lanza
- Ellis Larkins
- Brenda Lee
- Dickie Lee
- Peggy Lee
- Lazy Lester
- Jerry Lee Lewis
- Smiley Lewis
- Little Willie Littlefield
- Julie London
- Joe Hill Louis
- Willie Love
- Robin Luke
- Frankie Lymon
- Loretta Lynn
- Carl Mann
- Dean Martin
- Grady Martin
- Janis Martin
- Johnny Mathis
- Jimmy McCracklin
- Skeets McDonald
- Big Jay McNeely
- Clyde McPhatter
- Max Merritt
- Big Maceo Merriweather
- Amos Milburn
- Chuck Miller
- Mitch Miller
- Ned Miller
- Roy Milton
- Garnet Mimms
- Charles Mingus
- Bobby Mitchell
- Guy Mitchell
- Thelonious Monk
- Bill Monroe
- Vaughn Monroe
- Wes Montgomery
- Benny Moré
- Moon Mullican
- Rose Murphy
- Jimmy Nelson
- Ricky Nelson
- Sandy Nelson
- Robert Nighthawk
- Willie Nix
- Jimmy Nolen
- Nervous Norvus
- Donald O'Conner
- St. Louis Jimmy Oden
- Odetta
- Gene O'Quin
- Roy Orbison
- Johnny Otis
- Patti Page
- Charlie Parker
- Junior Parker
- Dolly Parton
- Les Paul
- Art Pepper
- Carl Perkins
- Oscar Peterson
- Phil Phillips
- Sam Phillips
- Webb Pierce
- Gene Pitney
- Pérez Prado
- Elvis Presley
- Jimmy Preston
- Johnny Preston
- Lloyd Price
- Ray Price
- Louis Prima
- Johnnie Ray
- Tampa Red
- Jerry Reed
- Jimmy Reed
- Della Reese
- Django Reinhardt
- Slim Rhodes
- Buddy Rich
- Charlie Rich
- Cliff Richard
- Little Richard
- Tommy Ridgley
- Billy Lee Riley
- Tex Ritter
- Johnny Rivers
- Max Roach
- Marty Robbins
- Jimmie Rodgers
- Arsenio Rodríguez
- Kenny Rogers
- Bobby Rydell
- Kyu Sakamoto
- Washboard Sam
- Tommy Sands
- Mabel Scott
- Neil Sedaka
- Pete Seeger
- Johnny Shines
- Dinah Shore
- Frank Sinatra
- Memphis Slim
- Sunnyland Slim
- Huey "Piano" Smith
- Ray Smith
- Warren Smith
- Kay Starr
- Joan Sutherland
- Art Tatum
- Jesse Thomas
- Rufus Thomas
- Hank Thompson
- Big Mama Thornton
- Johnny Tillotson
- Merle Travis
- Ernest Tubb
- Big Joe Turner
- Ike Turner
- Sammy Turner
- Conway Twitty
- Ritchie Valens
- Bobby Vee
- Gene Vincent
- T-Bone Walker
- Little Walter
- Mercy Dee Walton
- Baby Boy Warren
- Muddy Waters
- Johnny "Guitar" Watson
- Joe Weaver
- Ben Webster
- Lenny Welch
- Speedy West
- Josh White
- Slim Whitman
- Andy Williams
- Big Joe Williams
- Cootie Williams
- Hank Williams
- Larry Williams
- Otis Williams
- Tex Williams
- Ralph Willis
- Bob Wills
- Howlin' Wolf
- Malcolm Yelvington
- Faron Young
- Johnny "Man" Young
- Timi Yuro
- The Accents
- Jay & The Americans
- The Ames Brothers
- The Andrews Sisters
- Dave Appell & the Applejacks
- The Bell Notes
- The Belmonts
- Dion & The Belmonts
- Travis & Bob
- The Bobbettes
- The Bonnie Sisters
- The Bosstones
- The Buchanan Brothers
- The Cadets
- The Cadillacs
- The Capris
- The Cardinals
- The Castells
- The Champs
- The Chantels
- The Charioteers
- Otis Williams and the Charms
- The Chimes
- The Chips
- The Chordettes
- The Cleftones
- The Clovers
- The Coasters
- The Collegians
- Bill Haley and the Comets
- The Corsairs
- The Counts
- The Crew Cuts
- The Crescendos
- The Crests
- The Crows
- Danny & the Juniors
- Jan & Dean
- The Dells
- The Del-Satins
- The Delta Rhythm Boys
- The Del-Vikings
- Deep River Boys
- The Dovells
- The Dubs
- The Duprees
- The Diamonds
- The Drifters
- The Earls
- The Echoes
- The Edsels
- The El Dorados
- The Elegants
- The Emotions
- The Escorts
- The Everly Brothers
- The Fairfield Four
- The Falcons
- The Flamingos
- The Flairs
- The Fleetwoods
- The Fiestas
- The Five Satins
- The Five Discs
- The Five Keys
- The Five Sharps
- The Fontane Sisters
- The Four Aces
- The Four Buddies
- The Four Freshmen
- The Four Knights
- The Four Lads
- The Four Lovers
- The Four Preps
- The Four Seasons
- The Four Tunes
- The Gaylords
- The G-Clefs
- The Golden Gate Quartet
- The Harptones
- The Hearts
- The Heathertones
- The Hilltoppers
- The Hollywood Flames
- Johnny & The Hurricanes
- The Impalas
- Little Anthony and the Imperials
- The Ink Spots
- The Isley Brothers
- The Jewels
- The Jesters
- The Jive Bombers
- The Jive Five
- Marvin & Johnny
- Robert & Johnny
- Don & Juan
- The Jubalaires
- The Kingston Trio
- The Knockouts
- The Larks
- The Lettermen
- Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers
- The McGuire Sisters
- The Medallions
- The Mello-Kings
- The Mello-Moods
- The Mills Brothers
- The Midnighters
- The Monotones
- The Moonglows
- The Mystics
- The Nutmegs
- The Oak Ridge Boys
- The Orioles
- The Paragons
- The Penguins
- The Pied Pipers
- The Platters
- The Pony-Tails
- The Quarrymen
- The Quotations
- Randy & The Rainbows
- The Ravens
- The Rays
- The Regents
- The Righteous Brothers
- Norman Fox & The Rob-Roys
- The Robins
- The Rock-A-Teens
- The Sensations
- The Shadows
- The Shepherd Sisters
- The Silhouettes
- The Solitaires
- Sons of The Pioneers
- The Spaniels
- The Sparkletones
- The Spiders
- The Spinners
- Joey Dee & The Starliters
- The Stereos
- The Swallows
- Mickey & Sylvia
- Tátrai Quartet
- The Teenagers
- The Teen Queens
- The Tokens
- The Tornados
- The Turbans
- The Tymes
- The Valentines
- The Ventures
- The Virtues
- The Volumes
- Billy Ward & The Dominoes
- The Wrens
- Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs
- Windsbacher Knabenchor
Sports figures
Jackie Robinson, Brooklyn Dodgers third baseman, 1954
Willie Mays, New York Giants centerfielder in 1954
Mickey Mantle, New York Yankees centerfielder, in 1953
Duke Snider, Brooklyn Dodgers centerfielder, c. 1953
- Henry Aaron (baseball player)
- Ernie Banks (baseball player)
- Roger Bannister (English track and field athlete)
- Carmen Basilio (boxing)
- Yogi Berra (baseball player)
- Jim Brown (football player)
- Roy Campanella (baseball player)
- Ezzard Charles (boxing)
- Maureen Connolly (tennis player)
- Bob Cousy (basketball player)
- Joe DiMaggio (baseball player)
- Whitey Ford (baseball player)
- Gordie Howe (Canadian ice hockey player)
- Ben Hogan (golf)
- Ingemar Johansson (boxing)
- Al Kaline (baseball player)
- John Landy (Australian track and field athlete)
- Mickey Mantle (baseball player)
- Rocky Marciano (boxer)
- Eddie Mathews (baseball player)
- Willie Mays (baseball player)
- George Mikan (basketball player)
- Archie Moore (boxing)
- Stan Musial (baseball player)
- Bobo Olson (boxing)
- Floyd Patterson (boxing)
- Pelé (Brazilian association footballer)
- Bob Pettit
- Ferenc Puskás
- Maurice Richard (Canadian ice hockey player)
- Jackie Robinson (baseball player)
- Frank Robinson (baseball player)
- Sugar Ray Robinson (boxer)
- Wilma Rudolph
- Bill Russell (basketball player)
- Sam Snead (golf)
- Duke Snider (baseball player)
- Warren Spahn (baseball player)
- Casey Stengel (baseball manager, former player)
- Chuck Taylor
- Johnny Unitas (football)
- Ted Williams (baseball player)
- Lev Yashin
- Emil Zátopek
See also
The following articles contain brief timelines which list the most prominent events of the decade:
1950 • 1951 • 1952 • 1953 • 1954 • 1955 • 1956 • 1957 • 1958 • 1959
- ^ "The Pentagon Papers, Volume 1, Chapter 5, Section 3, "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960"".
- ^ Stratton, J.M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. ISBN 978-0-212-97022-3.
- ^ "Inflation and CPI Consumer Price Index 1950–1959". Inflation Data. InflationData.com. Retrieved 23 April 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "1960 - Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated". The Silicon Engine. Computer History Museum.
- ^ Bassett, Ross Knox (2007). To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies, and the Rise of MOS Technology. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780801886393.
- ^ Chan, Yi-Jen (1992). Studies of InAIAs/InGaAs and GaInP/GaAs heterostructure FET's for high speed applications. University of Michigan. p. 1.
The Si MOSFET has revolutionized the electronics industry and as a result impacts our daily lives in almost every conceivable way.
- ^ Wong, Kit Po (2009). Electrical Engineering - Volume II. EOLSS Publications. p. 7. ISBN 9781905839780.
- ^ "13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Winding Road to the Most Frequently Manufactured Human Artifact in History". Computer History Museum. April 2, 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ Baker, R. Jacob (2011). CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation. John Wiley & Sons. p. 7. ISBN 978-1118038239.
- ^ R. S. Denisoff, W. L. Schurk, Tarnished gold: the record industry revisited (Transaction Publishers, 3rd edn., 1986), p. 13.
- ^ M. Campbell, ed., Popular Music in America: And the Beat Goes on (Cengage Learning, 3rd edn., 2008), pp. 168–9.
- ^ Kallen, Stuart (1999). A Cultural History of the United States. San Diego: Lucent.
- ^ American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2012.
- ^ a b Thomas, Pauline. "1950s Fashion History 50s Glamour, Dior New Look". www.fashion-era.com. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
- ^ a b c d e f Stevenson, N.J. (2012). Fashion: A Visual History from Regency & Romance to Retro & Revolution: A Complete Illustrated Chronology of Fashion from the 1800s to the Present Day. New York City: St. Martin's Griffin.
- ^ "Cristobal Balenciaga : Fashion, History". theredlist.com. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
- ^ "Cristóbal Balenciaga". LoveToKnow. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
- ^ "Fashion History—Women's Clothing of the 1950s". Bellatory. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
- ^ "Gabrielle (Coco) Chanel". LoveToKnow. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
- ^ "Coco Chanel Biography". Biography.com. August 12, 2016.
- ^ a b c Krick, Jessa. "Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel (1883–1971) and the House of Chanel | Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art". The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
Further reading
- Bessel, Richard and Dirk Schumann, eds. Life after Death: Approaches to a Cultural and Social History of Europe During the 1940s and 1950s (2003), essays by scholars on recovery from the war
- Judt, Tony. Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (2005)
- London Institute of World Affairs, The Year Book of World Affairs 1957 (London 1957), comprehensive reference book covering 1956 in diplomacy, international affairs and politics for major nations and regions
- Montgomery, John. The Fifties (1960), On Britain.
- Wybrow, Robert J. "Britain Speaks Out, 1937-87" (1989), Summaries of public opinion polls in Britain
United States
- Dunar, Andrew J. America in the fifties (2006)
- Halberstam, David. The Fifties (1993) excerpt and text search
- Levine, Alan J. The Myth of the 1950s (2008) excerpt and text search
- Marling, Karal Ann. As Seen on TV: The Visual Culture of Everyday Life in the 1950s (Harvard University Press, 1996) 328 pp.
- Miller, Douglas T. and Marion Nowak. The fifties: the way we really were (1977)
- Stoner, John C., and Alice L. George. Social History of the United States: The 1950s (2008)
- Wills, Charles. America in the 1950s (Decades of American History) (2005)
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1950s.
- Heroes of the 1950s – slideshow by Life magazine
- "The Golden Age of Couture: Paris and London 1947–57, exhibition about 1950s fashion". Victoria and Albert Museum.
- Footage from the 1950s
- 1950s Video Timeline


text:
- SA Water
- Melbourne Water
- Barwon Water
- Central Highlands Water
- Coliban Water
- Lower Murray Water
- Western Water
- TasWater
- ElectraNet
- SA Power Networks
- Wannon Water
- Sydney Water
- Gold Coast Water
- City West Water
- Water Utilities Australia
- Department of Environment Water & Natural Resources (SA)
- Primary Industries and Regions SA (PIRSA)
- Renewal SA
- Department of Agriculture and Food (WA)
- Department of water and Environmental Regulations (WA)
- District Council of Yankalilla
- District Council of Mount Barker
- City of Salisbury
- Glenorchy City Council
- SA Health
- BHP Billiton Olympic Dam (SA)
- BHP Billiton Iron Ore (WA)
- OZ Minerals
- Iluka
- Lincon Minerals
Private Sector
- Veolia Water
- Adelaide Aqua
- Osmoflo
- Veolia Network Services
- MacConnell Dowell
- Broadspectrum
- Santos
- Senex
"We engaged Inside Infrastructure to review the OPEX efficiency of our Infrastructure Operations Group from a private sector perspective. The review made a number of useful findings and prioritised recommendations that I am currently implementing within the Group.
I was most impressed with Inside Infrastructure's operational expertise, professional reporting, and openness in workshopping their ideas with my team. I am very happy to recommend Inside Infrastructure's team to support other water utilities develop their efficiency initiatives."
Paul Northey, General Manager Infrastructure Services, Barwon Water
"Inside Infrastructure conducted a review of Central Highland's Water Plan 3 capital expenditure program submission comprising $107 million of new capital projects. Each project was reviewed to test the adequacy of each project scope, budget and operating arrangements and to identify some areas or opportunities for improvement and/or cost savings.
We are very satisfied with this review, as it was one of the essential building blocks to develop a robust Water Plan submission".
Warren Jose, General Manager Infrastructure Delivery, Central Highlands Water
"We have been using the services of Inside Infrastructure for our Community Wastewater Management System deliberations over the last few months. They have been outstanding. They are expert in what they do and really good to work with."


text:
Dividing financial assets between divorced couples can take a long time, and is often chaotic. After all, it's easy to say that a matrimonial home is a shared asset that must be equitably divided. However, when this theory is practiced in real life, it becomes complicated.
Generally, each spouse has the right to claim 50% of the home equity minus the amount contributed for the purchase of the home. To avoid any complications, you can check out the following tips.
Keep the original mortgage
In case that one of the spouses agree to stay in the house after the divorce, make sure that he or she is able to continue paying the mortgage payments. Otherwise, if both of you agrees to keep the original mortgage, see to it that you can pay the mortgage in a timely manner. If you are having trouble managing your debt, you can seek advice from a mortgage broker.
Sell the matrimonial home
Selling the house might be your best option, especially if you want to get rid your mortgage liability after the divorce. The fund acquired from selling the house can be used in paying off the existing mortgage. Just make sure to sell it before finalizing the divorce to avoid issues such as a decreased house price.
Split your joint accounts
As soon as you decide to separate or divorce your partner, you should immediately take action in separating your joint accounts. The first thing to do is to ask for a credit report of all your financial obligations. In case you're using the name of your spouse for credit, you should open your own account before the divorce is finalized.
Buy the share of your partner or vice versa.
One party could always buy out the share of the other. If ever this happens, both parties should agree to the present market value of the property. If the price isn't mutually agreed upon, the last option is to sell the house in the open market and both parties can place their bid on it.
Once your former spouse finally buys out the house, you should ask your lender to confirm that your name is no longer included on the mortgage. This way, you'll be out of the hook for possible mortgage balance of the house.
There are instances in which the spouse who wants to buy the house isn't financially eligible due to some reasons such as child support payments or alimony. The good news is that there are other flexible mortgage solutions that can provide solutions to individual circumstances. You can ask mortgage broker Toronto for advice.
Going through the process of divorce is expensive and unpleasant, but getting help from a good mortgage broker can spare you from any unnecessary hassle. It may also save you some money. When worse comes to worst, you can always seek a legal advice about the proper way of handling mortgage after a divorce.


text:
Check out our latest products. We're Sure you'll find something interesting.
Find out the nearest dealer to indulge yourself in Vidiem's wide range of Kitchen Appliances.
Explore the latest and the best offers on our majestic range of Kitchen Appliances.
For any help with servicing your kitchen appliances, trust us to not disappoint you.
"Innovative products are always from Vidiem. The most trusted brand. Best companion of all homemakers!"
"Mixie & gas stove super performance, no chances to other companies"
VIDIEM - Main Sponsor for California Superbike School , IndiaView our website
Compare Products
Copyright @ 2019. All Rights Reserved


text:
Anchor Coasters, Set of 4, Coastal Collection
Anchor Coasters, Set of 4, Coastal Collection
This set of 4 wooden coasters are a must have for any seaside home. The set includes a , anchors in ocean, white, navy, and twitter. Arrives packaged and sealed for protection.
4" x 4"
Please note: If you live in Brunswick & The Golden Isles area, use the code LOCAL to waive shipping costs. Once you receive an email confirming your order is complete, please contact us to arrange for pick up at our studio in Historic Downtown Brunswick.
Grace Graffiti™ is an American Made company. We design, make and ship all of our handcrafted products in our studio in Historic Downtown Brunswick, Georgia. All items are hand cut and given a distressed finish, accentuating the natural grain and charm of the wood. Each piece of wood is unique, items will vary slightly from the photographs. Through this listing you are buying directly from Grace Graffiti™, not a third party seller. Thank you for supporting small businesses in the USA.
Approx. 4" x 4" & 1/2" thick.
©2010 Grace Graffiti All Rights Reserved.


text:
An Adoptive Mothers Guilt goes beyond Mothers Guilt.
First, A Mothers Guilt:
Most of us seem to have it, hiding somewhere in the backs of our minds.
- Is our child getting enough sleep?
- Should I have breast fed longer or at all?
- Are they eating too much sugar?
- Should I be buying more organic food?
- Is TV ruining my child?
- Am I spoiling my child?
- Am I keeping things fair between my children?
- Do I read or play enough with my child?
Pretty much, am I messing up my kids?!?! And worse, am I failing as a mother?
I could keep adding to this list of worries but I would rather not add any to the list you already keep in your head.
Now add special circumstances to our parenting and the worries can grow. As a mother through adoption
I added to my mommy guilt.
Enter in an Adoptive Mothers Guilt:
- I never had the opportunity to breast feed my child so in enters mothers guilt.
- When I am disciplining my child I worry that one my child will wish they never had me as a mother.
- When I sign my child up for school or an activity I worry they will not be the only non-Caucasian one there.
- When I watch movies with my child about adoption I worry that they may misunderstand their own adoption.
- The big mothers guilt one of course is that the only reason why I get to be a mother is because of another
mothers dismal circumstances.
Perhaps some of these worries come from a place of "Mother Bear" rather then an adoptive mothers guilt.
So often I have these thoughts running through my head. But you know what!?! Over the years this guilt has begun to fade.
I have been able to get past my own adoptive mothers guilt by watching my children flourish. I know them so well that I
can't help but see why God placed them in my care and made Mark & I their parents. Like a puzzle we all fit together.
Just as we were chosen by God our children were also chosen by God. He had control of our adoption process so of course
he had control over who were to become our children. These boys personalities fit perfectly within our family. They were
meant to be MY sons and they were meant to be brothers.
The joy is seeing how perfect my family fits together, how much we belong together, makes all my adoptive mothers guilt fade away.
Please pin this image to share:


text:
All in-stock gift orders that are received before 1:00PM Central Time will ship out the same business day (M-F) via FedEx, and will come with a tracking number. For more information on shipping and rates, please click here.
As with all fine jewelry, your handcrafted Soha Diamond Co. jewelry should be treated with care. Following the tips below should help to reduce the amount you'll need to clean your jewelry, and will also help to keep your jewelry looking as sparkling and radiant as possible:
Our Return Policy includes 30-day returns on an item in original condition. Please click here for further information on our Return Policy. Because of their personalized nature, engraved items are not eligible for returns.


text:
The Cube installation at Queensland University of Technology combines 40 ultra-thin bezel MultiTaction touch displays with a passive projection surface.
With accurate color matching and advanced rendering tools, the university has created an immersive corner with outstanding quality. This installation is one of the flagship installations with regards to resolution, interactivity and content.
The university students use the Cube to test drive new applications, ranging from physics simulations to virtual dive in the Great Barrier Reef.


text:
Spring is here at Anna's Garden!
We are open Tuesday-Friday 9:00-6:00, Saturday 10:00-4:00, Sunday 10:00-3:00,
Pansies are in full bloom! Pansy special running now $1.99/6 pack or $10/flat ( 36 plants).Perennial plants starting at $2.99.
Our cool crop vegetables are looking great and are ready for planting. Our tomato plants are ready as well.We have a nice selection of perennials and succulants. Annuals are starting to show some color and some are in bloom. So come on out and check out our huge selection and have a happy spring!!!
Anna's Garden and Gift Center is a family owned and operated greenhouse and gift shoppe. Located in the shadow of Three Mile Island we opened our doors in spring of 2005 with bedding plants, vegetables and gardening supplies.We have been growing to meet the needs of our customers since that time.
Our gift shop is constantly changing with many one of a kind locally made gourd crafts, wood crafts and handmade items. We also carry Boyd's Bears, Leanin'Tree Cards, soy candles, beeswax items and much more.
We feature a retail greenhouse stocked with beautiful hanging baskets, foliage, blooming houseplants and cut flowers year round.
In the spring we have a delightful selection of bedding plants... We grow everything from the more traditional plants such as geraniums, petunias, marigolds and zinnias to the more unusual or hard to find annuals. In the vegetable plants we carry many new as well as old varieties of tomatoes, peppers, vine plants and cool crops. If you are looking for perennials we have something for everyone, with a large variety to choose from. Is your garden pond looking a bit drab? Our selection of pond plants, goldfish and Koi will brighten it up.
For fall decorating we grow our hardy mums, asters, gourds, cornstalks, Indian corn and pumpkins. If you need a bale or two of straw to finish the decorating we have those too.
At Christmas time flocked Christmas trees are our specialty. If your desire is the more traditional, we also carry fresh cut trees, greens, wreaths and holiday arrangements.
If you can't find it, ask... we'll be happy to see if we can grow it for you. To contact us or to receive our newsletterwith updates and special offers please e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
You are not currently logged in.
AgMap is nationwide ! Find out more!!
Stop by your local farm market for the freshest Fall fruits and vegetables.


text:
Saturday, April 22nd 2017
Town of Sylva
83 Allen Street, Sylva, NC, 28779
Safe Kids Day Jackson County brings together community members and experts dedicated to reducing the number of childhood injuries in and around the home.
Together we can protect kids and help minimize the number of accidental injuries. Learn about a range of safety topics including water safety, poisoning, tip-overs, and more. Don't miss out on a day of family-friendly fun with the Larry W. Payne Agency and Make Safe Happen activities and giveaways.


text:
Providing offshore sailing experience with responsible skippering has always been our major consideration within the group and has enabled us over the years to charter good quality boats at reasonable prices.
Our charters range from giving sailing experience to enhance sailing skills and possibly log RYA qualifying passages to sailing holidays in both UK and foreign waters.
The Trent Offshore Group was founded in 1991 and has around 120 members mainly in the midlands, as well as active members in various other parts of the globe.
A series of sailing programs are offered year-round for fun, sun and sailing. Locations include the UK, Europe, and further afield locations such as the Caribbean. All trips are open to both novice and experienced members and friends of TOG.
What would sailing be without the associated socialising, and the occasional drink! The TOG social committee organise a series of events throughout the year for members. Prospective members are encouraged to attend one of the published events.
Find out what's going on in the Trent Offshore group through the TOG Blog here on this site, or download the latest TOGLINE newsletter, edited by Ian Calderwood.


text:
AutoPBW is a desktop client for PBW used to upload and download game files for Space Empires and other turn-based strategy games supported by the website. It's a (hopefully more user friendly) replacement for both SJ's autohost and se5a's autoclient
AutoPBW requires Windows Vista/7+ or later to run due to using the latest .NET Framework. It is written in C# using WPF.
Download v1.1! (Or check out the source code of the latest development version!)


text:
Perhaps your needs have changed and you would like a new, different Bath Tub in place of your existing one.
Today there is a wide selection of Bath Tubs available with features designed to meet your changing needs.
We have selected a few examples to give you an idea about what is possible.
- Soaker Tubs
- Jetted Tubs
- Longer Tubs
- Designer Tubs
- Walk-In Tubs
Come in to our showroom or give us a call and we will help you choose the best New Bath Tub for you.