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Limited partnership
Template:Companies law A limited partnership is a form of partnership similar to a general partnership, except that in addition to one or more general partners (GPs), there are one or more limited partners (LPs). It is a partnership in which only one partner is required to be a general partner.[1]
The GPs are, in all major respects, in the same legal position as partners in a conventional firm, i.e. they have management control, share the right to use partnership property, share the profits of the firm in predefined proportions, and have joint and several liability for the debts of the partnership.
As in a general partnership, the GPs have actual authority, as agents of the firm, to bind all the other partners in contracts with third parties that are in the ordinary course of the partnership's business. As with a general partnership, "an act of a general partner which is not apparently for carrying on in the ordinary course the limited partnership's activities or activities of the kind carried on by the limited partnership binds the limited partnership only if the act was actually authorized by all the other partners."[2]
Background of limited liability
Like shareholders in a corporation, limited partners have limited liability. This means they have no management authority and are only liable on debts incurred by the firm to the extent of their registered investment. The GPs pay the LPs a return on their investment (similar to a dividend), the nature and extent of which is usually defined in the partnership agreement. General Partners thus carry more liability, and in cases of financial loss, the GPs will be the ones which are liable.
LP members are subject to the same alter-ego piercing theories as corporate shareholders. However, it is more difficult to pierce the LP veil because LPs do not have a great many formalities to maintain. So long as the LP and the members do not co-mingle funds, it would be difficult to pierce its veil.[citation needed]
Partnership interests (including membership interests in an LP) are afforded a significant level of protection through the charging order mechanism. The charging order limits the creditor of a debtor-partner or a debtor-member to the debtor's share of distributions, without conferring on the creditor any voting or management rights.[citation needed]
When the partnership is being constituted, or the composition of the firm is changing, LPs are generally required to file documents with the relevant state registration office. LPs must also explicitly disclose their LP status when dealing with other parties, so that such parties are on notice that the individual negotiating with them carries limited liability. It is customary that the notepaper, other documentation, and electronic materials issued to the public by the firm will carry a clear statement identifying the legal nature of the firm and listing the partners separately as general and limited. Hence, unlike the GPs, the LPs do not have inherent agency authority to bind the firm unless: they are subsequently held out as agents (and so create an agency by estoppel); or acts of ratification by the firm create ostensible authority.
Limited partnerships are distinct from limited liability partnerships, in which all partners have limited liability. In some jurisdictions, the limited liability of the LPs is contingent on their not participating in management.
The societates publicanorum, which arose in Rome in the third century BC, may have arguably been the earliest form of limited partnership. During the heyday of the Roman Empire, they were roughly equivalent to today's corporations. Some had many investors, and interests were publicly tradable. However, they required at least one (and often several) partners with unlimited liability.[3]
Concept's roots
According to Jairus Banaji, the Qirad and Mudaraba institutions in Islamic law and economic jurisprudence were similar to the modern limited partnership. In medieval Italy, a business organization known as the commenda appeared in the 10th century that was generally used for financing maritime trade. In a commenda, the traveling trader of the ship had limited liability, and was not held responsible if money was lost as long as the trader had not violated the rules of the contract. In contrast, his investment partners on land had unlimited liability and were exposed to risk. A commenda was not a common form for a long-term business venture as most long-term businesses were still expected to be secured against the assets of their individual proprietors.[4] As an institution, the commenda is very similar to the qirad but whether the qirad transformed into the commenda, or the two institutions evolved independently cannot be stated with certainty.[5]
Colbert's Ordinance (1673) and the Napoleonic Code (1807) reinforced the limited partnership concept in European law. In the United States, limited partnerships became widely available in the early 19th century, although a number of legal restrictions at the time made them unpopular for business ventures. Britain enacted its first limited partnership statute in 1907.[6]
Regional variations
- For a list of types of corporation and other business types by country, see Types of business entity.
United States
In the United States, the LP organization is most common among law firms, accounting firms, film production companies, finance firms and real estate investment projects or in types of businesses that focus on a single or limited-term project. They are also useful in "labor-capital" partnerships, where one or more financial backers prefer to contribute money or resources while the other partner performs the actual work. In such situations, liability is the driving concern behind the choice of LP status. The LP is also attractive to firms wishing to provide shares to many individuals without the additional tax liability of a corporation. Private equity companies almost exclusively use a combination of general and limited partners for their investment funds. Well-known limited partnerships include Enterprise Products and Blackstone Group (both of which are public companies), and Bloomberg L.P. (a private company).
Prior to 2001, the limited liability enjoyed by LPs was contingent upon their refraining from taking any active role in the management of the firm. However, Section 303 of the Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act eliminates the so-called "control rule" with respect to personal liability for entity obligations and brings limited partners into parity with LLC members, LLP partners and corporate shareholders.
The 2001 amendments to the Uniform Limited Partnership Act also permitted limited partnerships to become Limited Liability Limited Partnerships. Under this form, debts of a limited liability limited partnership are solely the responsibility of the partnership, thereby removing general-partner liability for partnership obligations. This was in response to the common practice of naming a limited-liability entity as a 1% general partner that controlled the limited partnership and organizing the managers as limited partners. This practice granted a limited partnership de facto limited liability under the partnership structure.[7]
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom limited partnerships are governed by the Limited Partnerships Act 1907. The UK government department of Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (now the Department for Business Innovation and Skills) consulted in 2008 on proposals to modify and merge the Act with the Partnership Act 1890, but the proposals did not go ahead [1], and the 1907 Act remains the governing Act.
English law and Scottish law are distinct on partnerships. In English law, limited partnerships are not legally separate entities: the partners are jointly and severally liable and any lawsuits filed are filed against the partners by name. There has been discussion over whether limited partnerships operating under English law should be made separate legal entities in the same way as limited liability partnerships are. The Law Commission report on partnership law LC283 suggested that creation of separate legal personality should be left as an option for the partners to decide upon when a partnership is formed. There were concerns that automatically making partnerships separate legal entities would restrict their ability to trade in some European countries and also expose them to different tax regimes than expected.
Japanese law has historically provided for two business forms similar to limited partnerships:
- Goshi gaisha, a form of close corporation (mochibun kaisha) with unlimited liability for certain shareholders
- Tokumei kumiai (lit. "anonymous partnerships"), a form of partnership in which non-operating partners have limited liability so long as they remain anonymous
In 1999, the Diet of Japan passed legislation enabling the formation of "limited partnerships for investment" (投資事業有限責任組合 tōshi jigyō yūgen sekinin kumiai?). These are very similar to Anglo-American limited partnerships, in that they adopt most provisions of general partnership law but provide for limited liability for certain partners. Profits of an investment LP pass through to all partners proportional to their investment share. For tax purposes, profits and losses will only pass through to the general partner(s) while the partnership has negative equity (i.e. liabilities exceeding assets); however, profits and losses while the partnership has positive equity are shared equally.
New Zealand
In New Zealand, Limited Partnerships are a form of partnership involving General Partners, (who are liable for all the debts and liabilities of the partnership) and Limited Partners (who are liable to the extent of their capital contribution to the partnership). The Limited Partnerships Act replaces Special Partnerships that exist under Part 2 of the Partnership Act 1908. Special partnerships are considered obsolete as they do not provide the appropriate structure preferred by foreign venture capital investors.
Features of Limited Partnerships include:
- a list of activities that the limited partners can be involved in while not participating in the management of the Limited Partnership (safe harbour activities)
- an indefinite lifespan if desired
- separate legal personality
- tax treatment for Limited Partnerships.
The registers of Limited Partnerships and Overseas Limited Partnerships are administered by the New Zealand Companies Office. Registration, maintenance and annual return filing for Limited Partnerships and Overseas Limited Partnerships are conducted through manual forms.
Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien – abbreviated KGaA – is a German corporate designation standing for 'partnership limited by shares', a form of corporate organization roughly equivalent to a master limited partnership. A Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien has two types of participators. It has at least one partner with unlimited liability (Komplementär). It is in that sense a private company. Komplementärs are natural persons or legal persons. If the Komplementär is a corporation with limited liability then the type of the company has to be named as GmbH & Co. KGaA, Limited & Co. KGaA or AG & Co. KGaA.[8]
The investment of the partners with limited liability (Kommanditisten) is the stock of the company (Grundkapital) and divided into shares. A KGaA is in that aspect comparable with a German Aktiengesellschaft.
The investment of all partners is the corporate's total capital (Gesamtkapital). The KGaA is a traditional type of very large family businesses (that are partly publicly traded) in Germany; the consumer products giant Henkel and pharmaceutical company Merck are prominent examples.[9]
See also
- ^ Sullivan, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 190. ISBN 0-13-063085-3.
- ^ United States Uniform Limited Partnership Act § 402(b)
- ^ Malmendier, Ulrike; Societas publicanorum: staatliche Wirtschaftsaktivitäten in den Händen privater Unternehmer ; Böhlau Verlag; Cologne, FRG; 2002
- ^ Law and the Rise of the Firm; 119; Harvard Library; Rev.; Henry Hansmann, Reinier Kraakman, and Richard Squire; p. 1333; 2006
- ^ Hillman, Robert H.; Limited Liability in Historical Perspective, "Washington and Lee Law Review," Spring 1997
- ^ Entity Shielding and the Development of Business Forms: A Comparative Perspective; p. 119; Harvard Library; Rev. F.; Lamoreaux, Naomi R. and Rosenthal, Jean-Laurent; p. 238 (2006).
- ^ For a discussion on this practice and background on the modification of GP liability, see Thomas E. Geau & Barry B. Nekritz, Expectations for the Twenty-First Century: An Overview of the New Limited Partnership Act, 16 Probate & Property 47, 48-49 (2002).
- ^ The German Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien. Amicus Curae. Accessed April 4, 2012.
- ^ "Company Overview of DORMA Holding GmbH + Co. Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien". Businessweek. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
cs:Komanditní společnost da:Kommanditselskab es:Sociedad en comandita fr:Société en commandite simple ko:합자회사 it:Società in accomandita semplice he:שותפות מוגבלת nl:Commanditaire vennootschap ja:合資会社 pl:Spółka komandytowa sk:Komanditná spoločnosť fi:Kommandiittiyhtiö sv:Kommanditbolag


text: IMPORTANT! ComicbookDB.com will be closing its doors on December 16th, 2019 as we look towards creating a new and improved tool for collectors to utilize. We want to make sure everyone has a chance to download their data & collections by clicking on this link after logging in. Thank you to everyone who has taken the time to contribute to the site and we look forward to seeing you again soon. If you have any questions, click here. Blizzard (G.I. Joe) - Comic Book DB Free Services! Add New Content | Top Issues | Register | Marketplace | Forums | Request a Feature | Help | Mobile | Home Login Username: Password: Register for free Social Media: Search: Entire Site Title Creator Character Member Group Issue Name Story Arc Story Name Search by Cover Date Browse: Titles Creators Characters Groups Story Arcs Publishers Imprints TPBs/HCs Podcasts Awards Members Contributors Public Collections Public User Lists Last 10 titles added: 1. Tales from the Dark Mult... 2. Roku (2019) 3. Rocky & Bullwinkle Prese... 4. Rocky & Bullwinkle Prese... 5. Repstack (2020) 6. El Mestizo (2018) 7. The Flash: 80 Years of t... 8. November (2019) 9. Mutt and Jeff Jokes (196... 10. Red Sonja: Lord of Fools... View All Last 10 creators added: 1. Pauline Voss 2. Roberto Di Salvo 3. Todor Hristov 4. Fernando Sosa 5. Noel K. Hannon 6. Danny Jenkins 7. Matias Zanetti 8. Julio Paz 9. Horacio Langlois 10. Doug Johnson View All Last 10 characters added: 1. Black Knight (DC) 2. Keener, Samuel 3. Derek (American Way) 4. Daniel (American Way) 5. Lau, Nikki 6. Sub-Zero (G.I. Joe) 7. Freefall (G.I. Joe) 8. Red Laser 9. Baldeón, David 10. Fred 191 View All Blizzard (G.I. Joe) Real Name: Gregory M. Natale Search for 'Blizzard (G.I. Joe)' on AmazonBio:None entered. Notes:Arctic Attack Soldier SN: RA 432-44-2464 PRIMARY SPECIALTY: Arctic Warfare Training Instructor SECONDARY SPECIALTY: Infantry BIRTHPLACE: Wolfboro, New Hampshire GRADE: E-7 (U.S. Army Sergeant 1st Class) / E-8 (U.S. Army Master Sergeant) First Appearance: G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1982) #167 Favorite Characters: Blizzard (G.I. Joe) is a favorite character of 1 user View a chronological listing of this character's appearances Issue Appearances: G.I. Joe Magazine (1985) #9 G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1982) #167#168#169#214 - 'The Death of Snake Eyes, Part 3' Group Affiliation(s): G.I. Joe U.S. Army Famous Quotes: - Add a Famous QuoteNone. < Previous Character | Next Character > Add this character to a run of issues in a title Suggest an image for this character View the contribution history for this character © 2005-2019 ComicBookDB.com - Terms and Conditions - Privacy Policy - DMCA Special thanks to Brian Wood for the ComicBookDB.com logo design

subset: commoncrawl


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AJ Aircraft Laser 56"
AJ Laser 230z 56"Electric
Whether you're looking to go out and go 3d huckin' or lay down a smooth-as-butter precision flight, the 56" Laser 230z is for you! The wings have been thoroughly refined to allow precision flying, while not sacrificing any 3d characteristics. With a generous fuselage height, the model flies as well on its side as it does upright. Generously sized control surfaces give you excellent authority at all speeds. The Laser 230z features an awesomely light but strong airframe and a light wing loading that will handle anything you want it to.
Building the airplane is very straight forward. The rudder cables are pre-installed, hinges are pre-installed but not glued, and pre-installed blind nuts in the wing tips for the included SFG's make it easy to get this bird in the air in no time flat.
The 56" Laser 230z is the perfect "throw in your car for a few flights at the field" airplane. After flying this baby just once, we think it will be your go-to plane and put a smile on your face every time you fly it!
Up Your Game! Fly AJ.
- Wing Span - 56"
- Length - 54"
- AOW - 4-4.5 lb
- Power - Hacker A40-10S, 90amp ESC, 4s 3300mah lipo
- Radio - 5 channel with 4 high torque mini servos
What's in the box:
- Carbon reinforced landing gear mount
- Pre-hinged and sealed control surfaces
- Carbon main gear
- G-10 control horns
- Dual ball links for all connections
- Carbon wing tube
- Optional SFGs included
- Genuine Oracover covering in 2 color scheme choices including the AJ Competition Scheme
AJ flies this airframe with the following equipment:
- Hacker A40-10S
- Xoar 15x6 or 14x7 prop
- Castle Talon 90 ESC
- Thunder Power 4s 3300mah G8 Pro-Lite+ 25C Lipo
- 4 Hitec 85MG, Hitec 5085, or Hitec 5087 servos
Also needed to complete:
- 2x 6" extensions for the ailerons
- 1x 12" extension for the ESC
- 1x 18" extensions to the elevator
- 2" or 50mm spinner
Let's kick it up a notch!


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Among other requirements, applicants must have medical conditions that meet certain criteria in order to qualify for disability benefits, explains the Social Security Administration. In addition, applicants should have been previously employed in jobs covered by Social Security.
Individuals with partial or short-term disability do not fit the criteria used to define permanent disability and are thus ineligible for benefits, reports the Social Security Administration. To qualify, individuals must have a disability likely to last for at least a year or a medical condition that is potentially fatal. Individuals with disabilities that keep them from working as they previously did and that also stop them from adjusting to other types of work may be eligible for disability benefits.
Benefits for disabled children cease when they become 18 years old, according to the Social Security Administration. To continue receiving benefits on the basis of a parent's earning record after this age, disabled children are required to meet the same eligibility criteria as adults. In addition, the impairment triggering the disability benefits must have started before they were 22 years old, and they must be unmarried. Such disability benefits may continue if the child's parent starts receiving disability or retirement benefits or become deceased.
To qualify for disability benefits, individuals should have the required number of work credits, explains the Social Security Administration. The number of these credits is based on an individual's yearly income.


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Stacks 6 high without dolly; stacks 16-20 high with optional dollyTriple curve seat design
Extra thick curved mesh back with built-in lumbar support
Silver powder-coated paint finish on steel frame
Replaceable seat cushions
Stain-resistant fabric seat cushions
Sled base with built-in ganging brackets
Assembled Dimensions: 23? D x 21.75? W x 31.50? H
Model Number E335


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Chemistry of fear and fright
This video explains what fear is, chemically: a series of responses in the brain and body -- including an increase in heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, and perspiration -- after release into the bloodstream of two hormones, adrenaline and cortisol, that ready the body for "fight or flight" action.
Provided by the National Science Foundation & NBC Learn
Runtime: 4:58
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» More videos about Chemistry & Materials, Medical Sciences


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The battle against overweight seems to be a never-ending story for many. Crash diets promise fast weight loss in a short time without much effort, but if they work it's only a temporary solution to the problem and more often than not the weight comes back after a while. The reason for this is simple: They don't teach you how to eat right. And you can't stick to them for a lifetime.
If you not only want to successfully lose weight but also keep it off, there mustn't be a turning back to your old style of eating after a diet. You need to change your eating habits - permanently. Many of us are not prepared to make all these sacrifices. We don't want to give up the foods we love. The secret of changing your diet for successful and healthy weight loss is to focus on making the meals you eat healthier rather than banning foods or even food groups from your diet. This will ensure a way of eating you can grow old with and that ensures you get all the nutrients you need.
weight loss tips, fastest weight loss, rapid weight loss diets,
Three key principles of making your favorite meals healthier are:
Reducing calories Adding healthy foods Adapting portion sizes
Reducing calories
If you want to lose weight, you need to cut down on calories, namely fat and carbohydrates.
Fat has the highest content of calories and is therefore the first thing to be reduced. You can easily do that by swapping dairy products (e.g. milk, cheese, yoghurt) for their low-fat or fat-free versions. Ricotta for example is a good low-fat replacement for mascarpone. Use low-fat margarine and spreads. Reduce the amount of oil you use when cooking, and preferably use olive or rape-seed oil which are the healthiest oils. To reduce carbohydrates, cut down on sugar. Use natural sweeteners like honey instead. Naturally sweet foods like sweet potatoes, fresh or dried fruit can also help reducing the sugar amount in your meals. Use only small amounts of dried fruit as they contain more calories than the same amount of fresh fruit. Further, swap your carbs for complex carbohydrates: whole grain bread and cereals, brown rice, whole wheat pasta. These will keep you going for longer as they are absorbed gradually over a longer period, and they are less likely to be stored as fat.
Add healthy foods
Fruits and vegetables are great providers of important nutrients, and because most of them are low in calories you don't have to worry so much about how much you eat. Try the following:
Top up your favorite meals by smuggling some fruit or vegetables in. Serve vegetables along with your meal as a side dish. Alternately, you could serve a vegetable soup as a starter or fruit as a dessert. Fruit purees are easy to make and a great addition to any ice-cream. Fruit goes excellent in chocolate cream or trifles.
Adapt portion sizes
Nowadays, our portion sizes have often grown out of proportion. Listen to your body to find out how much (or rather: how little) food you really need. Serve smaller portions, eat them slowly and enjoy them. Your body needs about twenty minutes to notify you that you had enough food, so give it a chance. If you are still hungry afterwards, you can always have more.
As you can see, you don't need to ban your favorite dishes to lose weight. Follow the outlined principles to make them as healthy as possible, and the foods that remain high in calories you just keep for occasional treats. If you eat healthy most of the time, some sweets once in a while won't make you fat.


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When you give to the United Way, your money feeds a hungry child. AND shelters a family fleeing a violent home. AND fosters the friendship of an elementary school student with a retiree who is helping her develop a love of reading. AND so much more.
We are about to wrap up our 2015 campaign, and are still a long way from our goal of $220,000. By supporting the United Way, you are taking care of multiple needs in your neighborhood.
We will be meeting with our partner agencies in early February to determine our 2016 grants, and every gift that comes in this month will mean more funds available to give out in local program grants. Your gift will make a tangible difference! Click on the GIVE button above to donate right now with a credit card, or send a check to United Way of Delta County, 1100 Ludington St., Suite 300, Escanaba, MI 49829. Thank you!
For more information, call 786-3736 or e-mail email@example.com.


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The MHA Summer Institute has opened registration for its 2nd year!
This year the MHASI will be held at Fort Berthold Community College in New Town, ND, July 20th – 31st, 2015. FBCC is the home of MHASI from now on.
Well-trained teachers have a direct impact on how much Native language is successfully taught in the classroom, and on improved test scores.
Instructors and Participating Teachers at the 2014 MHASI.
The 2015 MHASI offers two key courses for Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara language teachers:
- Linguistics
- Second-language teaching methodologies
These courses are essential to teachers' effective classroom instruction. Studying linguistics gives teachers a grasp of sentence patterns and grammar – A way to see the language while still being inside it as you speak.
Then, the second-language teaching methods help teachers communicate what they know to their students. Physically involving games and activities work speaking and listening practice into the body.
Teachers have the option to earn Continuing Education Units (CEUs) from Fort Berthold Community College as part of their professional development through MHASI.
MHASI is not just for teachers – it's for anyone who wants to learn one of the Three Affiliated Tribes' languages.
Language students, Summer 2014
Your presence builds MHASI into a community event that reaches the heart of each culture – the language.
Particular course schedules at MHASI are customized to each participant, depending on their previous training. You can choose one of the two customized schedule options.
Registration, as always, is FREE. (There is a fee charged for CEUs through FBCC.)
Details and registration forms are found through the MHA Language Initiative, online.
If you need to register by mail, download and print this form.
See you in July!
2015 MHA Summer Institute
Monday, July 20, 2015 – Friday, July 31, 2015
Contact: Bernadine Young Bird
Language Coordinator
Fort Berthold Community College
701-627-4738 x291 Fax: 701-627-4099 (attn: Bernadine Young Bird)
220 8th Ave. N
New Town, ND 58763


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Mastercard, Visa bring payments to Garmin smartwatch
Payments processors Mastercard and Visa have added payment capabilities to Garmin's newly launched vívoactive 3 smartwatch.
The newly launched smartwatch is Garmin's first wearable device to feature Garmin Pay, a NFC-based product.
Users can add their debit and credit cards to their vívoactive 3 smartwatch in the same manner as a normal digital wallet.
Visa executive vice president of innovation and strategic partnerships Jim McCarthy said: "The idea of wearing your wallet on your wrist is not only desired by consumers, but with Visa and Garmin it will be both convenient and secure. Partners like Fit Pay, Inc. are helping us accelerate the growth of IoT by bringing payment-based features to market on devices like Garmin's – with greater ease and speed-to-market."
Mastercard senior vice president Kiki Del Valle said: "Technology is enabling fitness companies to provide athletes with the most comprehensive performance trackers we have seen in our time. Adding payment capability to these devices is a natural next step to make training and fitness experiences more relevant, personal, and convenient."
Recently, Fitbit partnered with Mastercard and Visa to enable contactless payments on its first smartwatch Fitbit Ionic, which will be released in October this year.


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Latest News
Second bank robbery in two days in Fort Worth
FORT WORTH -- Fort Worth police are looking for a man who robbed the Guaranty Bank at 6801 Hulen St. about 4 p.m. Friday.
Witnesses told police the man first came up to the bank's front door, looked in and walked off, only to return about 20 minutes later.
When he returned, he went inside and told a teller he had a gun, police said. He put an undisclosed amount of money in a white gift sack and left the bank, police said.
A witness followed the man outside the bank and saw him get into a white pickup truck, police said. No other description was available.
This is the second bank robbery in as many days in Fort Worth.
A Frost Bank on Camp Bowie Boulevard was held up on Thursday, but police said they don't believe the same man robbed both banks.


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A Brief History Of Playing Chess Against A Computer
There seems to be no greater foe to a chess player than a computer. Every player has dreamed of playing against and winning a good online chess game. There is something about this ultimate man-vs-machine battle that sets our imagination alight. It is almost a game of wits between the creator and his creation.
The First Chess Computers
In 1769, a robot chess player known as the 'Mechanical Turk' was all the rage on the court of Queen Maria Theresa of Austria. It turned out to be an elaborate hoax, but the notion of a machine playing against and indeed beating someone at chess became a dream both in engineering and later computer programming.
Claude Shannon, a researcher at Bell Telephone Laboratories, proposed and described a possible computer chess in 1949. The idea behind it was an experiment in analyzing computational properties and principles. Chess, with its calculated movements and specific rules, seemed the perfect game to test these theories.
Alan Turing went a step further in 1950. He actually wrote the first chess program. He himself was a mediocre player, but his goal was to study a computer's cognitive ability in possibly acquiring and rivaling human intelligence. The success of this experiment prompted him to develop the now-famous Turing Test that is used today to determine a computer's 'humanity' (or lack thereof).
While Turing's program never really was able to play a full match, other programmers in the following years built on Turing's model and developed fully functional programs. In 1951, Dr. Dietrich Prinz wrote a program that ran on the Ferranti Mark I computer at Manchester University and could study and find all possible moves in a particular game's instance. It needed about 15 minutes for each move.
Getting To A Full Game
By 1956 Univac's MANIAC I computer was already able to play a game and only needed maybe 12 minutes to get through the first 4 moves, not including a Bishop. Including the bishop, it may have taken several hours.
However, in 1957, IBM had developed the first fully playable chess computer. It needed only eight minutes between moves and it played the first human-vs-machine game against International Master Edward Lasker. Lasker easily defeated the program.
In 1962, MIT developed the first truly credible computer chess. It was able to beat amateurs but later was itself beat by KAISSA, a rival Soviet chess computer in a match that took nine months.
More advances followed in the next ten years with programs getting better and better. MIT's MacHack VI even entered regular chess tournaments. With the shrinking of computers and more and more programs coming onto the market, many beatable chess computers were soon available throughout the 70s and 80s.
However, it would take until 1988 when the chess program Deep Thought shared first place with Grandmaster Tony Miles and even beat Grandmaster Judit Polgar in 1993.
The Future
Just a few years later in 1996, IBM's Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov. Since then various other computer chess programs have dominated the chess field, with wins or losses often coming down to handicaps. With the advent of the internet it became possible to play online chess games as well, but overall it has been demonstrated that chess computers can defeat their human creators.
The only chess playing barrier they have yet to break is solving chess by finding the optimal winning strategies at all times, something some mathematicians feel may be impossible.
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Cancer. A 6-letter word that nobody ever wishes to hear from their doctor. Unfortunately, the reality is that everyone of us knows someone who has or had cancer. We've even lost friends and family to this dreaded C.
Despite the prevalence of the disease, most of us don't really know much about the disease itself. Perhaps ignorance is bliss but after attending a blogger workshop on lung cancer & melanoma recently, I've come to realise that it's very important to be educated about cancer treatment options – especially immunotherapy.
Immunotherapy is a new treatment option for lung cancer and melanoma. Do you know that 10 Malaysians die from lung cancer, every single day? The mortality rate for lung cancer is also scarily high, more than 80%. However, now with immunotherapy, lung cancer patients have far better shots at living.
So what is immunotherapy? How does it work? Dr. Tho Lye Mun gave us a comprehensive but simple-to-understand presentation on the treatment at the blogger workshop.
It is a treatment that uses certain parts of a person's immune system to fight cancer without the dreadful side effects that we all know of from other conventional cancer treatments. With lesser and milder side effects (they are only about as bad as regular flu symptoms), patients are able to lead better quality lives. Unlike conventional treatments, immunotherapy also does not damage healthy cells, so the rate of infections will definitely be lower, hence the potential for also extending long-term survival.
Listening to Niki Cheong who shared his personal stories of losing friends and family to cancer at the workshop was really heart-breaking. I was very young when my grandfather passed away from cancer so I didn't feel much but as an adult now I can imagine the anguish. To watch somebody you love slowly being chipped away by the damn cancer. Early detection is the key, of course and often survival rate from cancer is a lot higher with early detection. That said, not many are lucky to catch it early on. Consider this, 9 out of 10 patients are diagnosed with advanced stage lung cancer. It's heart-breaking.
After I posted about my experience at the lung cancer workshop on Facebook, I reconnected with a former college-mate, Sharizan. She revealed to me that she's suffering from lung cancer that has metastasised to her brain. When I found out she was undergoing immunotherapy, I was relieved for her as I reckoned she'd have much better chance at survival with immunotherapy. She too attested to the effectiveness of the treatment. It's given her a better quality of time and a renewed sense of hope that she may have a chance at survival.
However, when she told me about the costs, I was shocked. It's not cheap and she had already exhausted her insurance, so she was going to stop her treatment and seek help at government institutions with conventional treatment aka chemotherapy. After learning what I've learned from the blogger workshop, I was crushed by her news.
I understand why immunotherapy is expensive – it's the years and millions and millions of dollars invested into the research of this life-changing treatment. So ladies and gentlemen, if you're reading this, do check your insurance policies. Personally, after listening to Sha, I have contacted my insurance agent and updated my policy to increase my annual limit to accommodate inflation and the high cost of current hospital treatments. I had already forgotten what I was entitled to in my insurance policy so I was very surprised to learn that the policy I got 5 years ago, which was pretty comprehensive back then, could barely cover a treatment such as immunotherapy now! So yeah, check and upgrade your insurance policies guys!
As for Sharizan, we are raising funds for her immunotherapy treatments at GIVE.asia. You can also read about her plight at the website. Please do help give my friend a shot at life, thank you!
Anyway, I digressed. My point is, get educated about cancer. Learn about its treatments! Don't get caught off-guard. Cancer affects everybody, not just the patients and you're better off with some good knowledge in hand.


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A colleague of mine, an older, distinguished gentleman, has this habit of trying to predict and finish my sentences.
For instance, when I start a conversation, he'll interject these vocal micro-blips while I'm speaking, as if he was just about to say the exact same thing.
Me: "We were on the verge of closing the Colosco deal, but the hurdle rate was.."
Rob: "too-"
Me: "um – a little higher than the buyer…"
Rob: "Fi-"
Me: "uh, than the buyer was thinking, so our numbers were off a little.."
Rob: "S-!"
Me: "No, yeah – we didn't close the deal after all."
Honestly, it's hard to concentrate on what I'm saying. It feels like I keep getting short-circuited throughout the conversation.
I don't know if this is a display of solidarity, like "Hey! I was thinking the exact same thing!" Or, perhaps it's nothing more than a subconscious tic that sets off when he gets excited. Either way, he's a wonderful, supportive friend and mentor, therefore I don't mind so much.
Then there's, Dot, a sullen and entitled woman who was in my employ as a bookeeper for a time, and she would do the same thing. But with her it was clearly an issue of sucking up.
She would interrupt me, attempting to complete my sentences, but then her voice would trail off when she could see I was heading in a different direction.
Me: "Dot, that spreadsheet Sue reported yesterday didn't…"
Dot: "didn't have th-"
Me: "uh, didn't have all the correct customer ac-"
Dot: "Customer acceptance rates to…"
Me: "No, Customer account numbers. Go fix it, please."
She had no idea what I was going to say, and based on her lack of experience, she couldn't possibly have predicted where my sentences were landing.
Dot was no doubt trying to suck up and look smart at the same time, but it kind of had the opposite effect, and instead was simply annoying. The thing is, she constantly did this with me, but never with the rest of the office staff, whom she viewed as inferior. I suppose she was entirely oblivious to her own behavior.
Anyway, people sure act strange. But you were probably just about to say the same thing.


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In August 2018 the BRC released Issue 8 of their Global Standard for Food Safety. The Standard specifies the food safety, quality and operational criteria required within a food manufacturing organisation to ensure legal compliance and protection of the consumer.
Certification against Issue 8 of the BRC standard will commence from 1st February 2019.
Release of Issue 8 in August 2018 allows for a transition period between publication and full implementation of the revised Standard so that food manufacturers have time to prepare.
During this transition period Vikan are offering support regarding the hygiene related aspects of the standard.
This Blog lists the hygiene requirements within BRC issue 8 and provides information about how Vikan can help with each.
What are you interested in?
Please click on the Requirement of interest
Requirement 1.1: Senior management commitment and continual improvement
Requirement 2: The Food Safety Plan
Requirement 4.11: Housekeeping and Hygiene
Requirement 4.16: Dispatch and Transport
Requirement 4.6: Equipment
Requirement 4.7: Maintenance
Requirement 4.9: Chemical and physical product contamination control
Requirement 5.3: Management of Allergens
Requirement 7.1: Personnel training
Requirement 8: High-risk, High-care and Ambient High-care production risk zones
Requirement 8.5: Housekeeping and Hygiene in High-risk and High-care zones
This is a *fundamental requirement of the Standard which says,
*BRC define a fundamental requirement as something that 'relates to systems that are crucial to the establishment and operation of an effective food quality and safety operation'.
Requirement 4.11 includes,
This is a *fundamental requirement of the Standard that states,
Requirement 5.3 includes,
Requirement 4.6 includes,
Requirement 4.7 includes,
This is a *fundamental requirement of the Standard that states,
**Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point.
The BRC global standard for food safety requires the development of and compliance with a food safety plan incorporating the Codex Alimentarius HACCP Principles.
It also requires the establishment and maintenance of a HACCP Prerequisite programme. This programme must cover the basic environmental and operational conditions in a food business that are necessary to produce safe food.
HACCP in the food industry is a proactive (identifies actions that prevent things happening rather than react to them when they do) approach that identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards that are significant to food safety. It is used widely by the food industry as part of developing a food safety plan (legal requirement) and is widely recognised by auditors.
The development of a good food safety plan relies on the use of professional judgement based on the knowledge and experience of those developing it.
Requirement 2 includes,
"The control measures and monitoring procedures for the prerequisite programmes must be clearly documented and shall be included within the development and reviews of the HACCP or food safety plan."
At Vikan we support our customers by helping them to identify and evaluate their hazards; assess the associated risks: and determine appropriate controls.
The Vikan team are ready to help you with advice on,
We can also offer advice on the development of your prerequisite cleaning programme; and support on the selection, use and maintenance of your cleaning tools by way of training presentations, a useful information booklet, and a White Paper.
***As defined in BRC Global Standard for Food Safety, Issue 8, Appendix 2
Clause 8.1 Layout, product flow and segregation in high-risk, high-care and ambient high-care zones that states,
Clause 8.1.1 that states
Clause 8.5.1 that states,
Clause 8.5.3 that states,
This is a *fundamental requirement of the Standard that states,
This is also a *fundamental requirement, that states,
Food industry cleaning tools and utensils have long been identified as a major source and vector of cross-contamination. In 1998, UK Government funded study data, used to establish food industry guidance on microbiological sampling showed that: 47% of cleaning tools tested were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. In 2017, Schäfer et al., determined that 67% of equipment and utensils used in a poultry processing plant were contaminated with L. mono, even after cleaning.
Despite this, cleaning tools and utensils are rarely considered in relation to food safety, and the critical role hygiene staff play in maintaining food safety and quality standards is often overlooked and undervalued.
As part of a good food safety culture the appropriate selection, use and maintenance of cleaning tools and utensils, together with training of hygiene staff and acknowledgement of the key role they play, must be undertaken.
Vikan has experienced Customer Service and Technical Sales Teams, and a dedicated Hygiene Team ready to help advise, support and educate Senior Managers; Purchasers; Engineers; Technical, Quality and Hygiene personnel, regarding hygiene related issues. Our free of charge support services include,
Make your Hygiene Team Hygiene HEROS!
Requirement 4.9 includes,
Requirement 4.16 includes,
Cleaning is both a major control factor and a corrective action in the maintenance of a hygienic environment. Use of the appropriate cleaning equipment and method, at the appropriate frequency, are key to achieving the transport hygiene level required.
Vikan Declarations of Compliance(DoC) are your guarantee that Vikan plastic cleaning equipment and food handling tools contain no toxic substances that could contaminate food. Vikan DoCs are clear...
Get valuable insights from Dr. Phil Voysey to where to look for listeria in a food production and how to prevent cleaning tools from cross contaminating. Learn more about listeria and read Dr. Phil...
Ever wondered what the Vikan name means, and where it comes from? Here's the answer


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PPC & Cost Per Click Advertising
PPC is Pay Per Click advertising. This is the process of placing an advert on a website where you only pay for the advertisement each time it is clicked.
The most popular and widely known method of PPC advertising is Google AdWords. These are the results you see in the coloured box at the top of Google listings after you've typed a search term. The organic listings, products of SEO, appear just under the coloured box at the top of the page. You can see an example of this below:
You also get a raft of other advert listings down the right hand side of Google when you enter search terms and these are also PPC. The way to get your advert listed on Google is by setting up an AdWord and then setting up a big amount. It works much in the same way an auction does, whoever bids the most is displayed higher and more frequently than the rest. You can manage your budget so no matter how many clicks you have in a day, the price will not go over a set figure.
You also select the phrases you want to appear for and can do this via broad match or exact match. For example, if you were to place a bid of £4 per click for the exact match phrase [PPC] then you would only show up in the results for an exact search for PPC. However, if you were to use broad match for the phrase PPC, this could see you showing up for such terms as Pay Per Click and PPC company.
The benefits of broad match are that you're matched up to more terms and appear more frequently for a wider variety of phrases. This can however use up your budget quicker than an exact match campaign that wouldn't show as often, so wouldn't clicked as quickly.
Weighing up the two options depends entirely on how you want to target your audience. If you want a precise campaign of people search for particular products to buy ("green case for iPhone 5"), then an exact match campaign would be perfect. However, if you're after a wider range of people who may be looking at more general products to buy ("iPhone 5 cases") then broad match would be better.
So if you're looking to boost product sales or advertise your services and think PPC is for you, get in touch!


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Experienced Tennessee Attorneys Handling Complex Insurance Disputes
Serving policyholders throughout the Southeast from offices in Nashville, Chattanooga, Memphis and Jackson
Insurance companies paint themselves as your friend. In reality, all too often you spend years faithfully paying your premiums only to spend months or years haggling over every dollar. Buried in the endless pages of fine print are a myriad of loopholes designed to minimize or avoid payment of your claim. Given the massive nature of these institutions, going up against an established insurance company can seem like an impossible feat. The insurance dispute lawyers at the Gilbert Law Firm have decades of experience and no fear of these giants. Let us help you.
The Gilbert Firm's offices are located throughout the state, including in Nashville, Chattanooga, Memphis and Jackson. Our Tennessee insurance dispute attorneys are led by Brandon McWherter, Clint Scott and Jonathan Bobbitt, and will put their collective skills and abilities to work for you. We routinely handle complex and challenging claims, and ensure that your claims are resolved as efficiently and as effectively as possible under the individual circumstances. We also routinely work with multiple public adjusters to obtain the best result possible. When your life or livelihood are at stake, we put our formidable knowledge of the laws and our more than 75 years of combined experience to work for you.
How can our insurance attorneys help protect you and your properties?
By their very nature, insurance companies are complex entities and they have dedicated enormous resources to fill their insurance policies with exclusions and conditions that limit insureds' rights. Whether or not you have a legitimate claim in the eyes of your insurer can depend on an almost endless number of variables – variables that often seem as though they were plucked from thin air.
At the Firm, we understand the frustrations and anxieties of policyholders. We can determine whether an insurance company is acting in bad faith, or if the policy is worded in such a way as to legally deprive you of options. If your claim has been denied, underpaid, unduly delayed, or you just cannot get the answers you need, the insurance dispute attorneys of the Gilbert Firm are on your side. We have had considerable success in the areas of:
- Commercial Property Claims
- Residential Property Claims
- Condominium Property Claims
- Industrial and Warehouse Claims
- Multi-Family Dwelling Property Claims
- Churches and Non-Profits
- Agent Negligence
- Life and Disability Insurance Claims
- Business Interruption Claims
Insurance bad faith and more
In Tennessee, policyholders have legal options that may entitle them to payments in addition to the amounts owed under the insurance policy. For example, if an insurance company acts in bad faith or intentionally or recklessly denies or underpays a claim, the law provides for a 25% statutory bad faith penalty and there is also the possibility of punitive damages. If you believe your insurer has acted in bad faith, or is not treating you fairly, contact us today.
Speak with a skilled Tennessee insurance attorney today
The Gilbert Firm is widely respected throughout Tennessee for its integrity and it commitment to its clients. Our highly skilled insurance dispute attorneys protect Nashville, Chattanooga, Memphis and Jackson residents, businesses, and non-profits when their insurers have failed to pay out a claim in good faith, or have unnecessarily delayed payment for any reason. Please contact us at 888.996.9731 or by filling out our contact form, and reserve a consultation with an attorney who puts the needs of policyholders first.


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Dr. Cedric Oliver teaches on one of the most powerful principles of the Kingdom of God called Mountain Moving faith. We discover through this series how to move any mountain that appears in our lives and how to control it before it controls us. This series will allow you to gain the knowledge and the faith to make your prayers have a stronger impact than they've ever had before. Gain wisdom and insight that will teach you how to pray with the power of God to back you up, and with faith that will move mountains! Dr. Cedric will teach you how to make it so practical, that it becomes a lifestyle. You will begin to turn those mountains into molehills. To purchase this series, please call (219) 887-6418
Mountain Moving Faith
October 8, 2017 by eocdestiny2009


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Sacred Threads Oracle
Feminine Awakening & The Wisdom of Simplicity
Come Home to the Temple of Your Body
Immerse yourself in the Simplicity & Beauty of Sacred Threads Oracle cards from
intuitive multimedia creative, photographer & poet Heather Rhodes.
Surrender to the Sacred Threads of the divine feminine that move from within.
Heather's Soulful Photography touches the deepest Longing of the Feminine Heart...
"Sinking into the mystery with a soft awareness, we discover that there is nothing to change...but much to be revealed. Each moment becomes an offering; an invitation into presence, illuminating what is calling to be seen, heard and felt... Let's dive into these grace-filled portals of awakening..." ~ Heather
These Luminous Cards were created as visual touchstones to support your Awakening.
Unearth Release Reclaim Embody
Celebrate the inherent beauty, depth and wisdom that finds its home in the Heart of the Feminine.
Embrace the Full Spectrum of Living in a Woman's Body: the darkness and light, contraction and expansion,
the nectar of awareness, the Endless Expressions of Shakti Dancing...
"Let your skirts catch fire with the holiness of your longing." ~ Heather
Accept the Invitation
Allow your intuition to guide you in working with the Sacred Threads Oracle cards...
There is no right way to explore with this deck... You don't need to "know" anything special.
Suggestions: Come to the Oracle as you would a divine sanctuary, a cherished friend or lover. Find your sacred space, indoors or en plein air... Sit quietly. Allow your breath to guide you, deep into the temple of your body...
You might: Place objects of beauty from the natural world within your gaze... a feather found on your morning walk, a vase with fresh blossoms from the garden, sea shells from the ocean... an offering to lay upon the altar of the wild feminine... Light a candle... Maybe the forest is your cathedral, or the place you find yourself when you close your eyes... Whatever calls to you in this moment...
Feel yourself supported by the electric field of shakti and the timeless circle of women...
Maybe there is a question... Or contraction... Or just a heart full of openness and wondering... Soften your edges... When you feel moved, draw upon the Oracle...
May these cards serve to deepen your experience and exploration of the eternal unfolding mystery of the sacred feminine...
Remember, You Are The Portal...
About This Deck
Each of Heather's potent Original Images intuitively paired with a Touchstone Word...
A deck of 96 gorgeous, full-color Oracle Cards
PRICE: $62. per deck
* use code SHAKTIKISS at checkout for 15% off *
These 4"X6" cards are created on coated 15pt stock
with rounded corners, packaged in a beautifully designed tuck-box.
Heather personally collates and packs each set of Sacred Threads Oracle cards into their box, infusing them with love.
~ Cards are printed with Green Printing Process & Sustainable Forest Paper ~
Gift yourself, or someone you love.
"You are a jewel in eternity's crown." ~ Heather
* use code SHAKTIKISS at checkout for 15% off *
One deck of 96 full-color, 4" X 6" Oracle Cards
15pt stock, rounded corners
2 Additional Information Cards
Packaged in a tuck-box
eco printing & sustainable/recycled paper
US PRIORITY SHIPPING or LOCAL PICK UP BY APPOINTMENT
International Shipping Available ~ Please Inquire
~ For Large Quantities, Please Inquire ~
Color inconsistencies and minor imperfections are part of any printed tangible art product.
The color on your monitor may be different than the printed material.
This is considered normal. Please purchase with this information in mind.
About Heather Rhodes
Heather has always enjoyed a conscious relationship with the expressive shakti of the divine feminine. She has been creatively self employed for thirty years...
Listening and responding to the perpetual creative pulse of aliveness, which requires both activity and quiet, inspires and informs Heather's approach to living and design. Presently, Heather shares her evocative honey through illuminating word & image as a graphic & web designer, branding architect, photographer & poet. She is also an awakening support facilitator and a feminine embodiment practitioner.
Heather creates from her bright and airy Connecticut studio by the sea, where she lives with her beloved dog, lush gardens and the salty ocean air.
"Listen... Everything is singing..." ~Heather
About the Women
Sisters, mothers, daughters...
I am eternally grateful for the wonderful women who come to work with me; creating these vignettes of strength, depth and beauty... Such gorgeous expressions of the many faces of the feminine...
Thank you for being a part of this great visual tapestry of women that we are weaving into the world... Thank you for stepping up; to be seen.
"We are stars, shining in the heavens of our bodies." ~ Heather
Sacred Thread Oracle Cards • all images & concept © 2016 copyright Heather Rhodes at Studio Petronella
All Rights Reserved • No Use or Reproduction of Any Kind.


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Dr. Bhuvaneshwar Machani
Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon Specialized in Upper Limb Treatment
- Qualification: MBBS, MRCS, FRCS (Trauma & Orth, UK) MCh (Trauma & Orth, UK)
- Languages Spoken: English,Hindi
He successfully completed training in the field of orthopedics in the UK and was awarded FRCS by Royal College of Surgeons in 2006 and Masters from the University of Liverpool. He also undertook fellowship training in Canada, Wrightington, and London; He has been consultant for 10 years firmly establishing himself with advanced skill sets and in-depth clinical experience to manage all aspects of upper limb surgery. After 21 years of service in the UK, he moved to Dubai joining the prestigious Burjee/ Hospital for Advanced Surgery as a Consultant Orthopedic Upper Extremity Surgeon.
- Arthroscopic shoulder surgery for Impingement, Rotator cuff tears, Stabilization, Ac joint and Biceps tendon problems
- Shoulder Replacement surgery including resurfacing, hemi, total or reverse
- Treatment for Tennis/golfers elbow, elbow arthroscopy, radial head/total elbow replacement, stiffness, arthritis, distal biceps
- Treatment of clavicle, shoulder, elbow, wrist, scaphoid and hand fractures
- Management of wrist problems including Keinbocks, wrist arthroscopy, scapho lunate and TFCC ligaments injuries, mal unions, rheumatoid surgery, partial or total wrist fusion
- Treatment for Carpal and cubital tunnel nerve compression, Dupuytren's, trigger finger, arthritis of hand


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Harry's Bar is set in the middle of the vibrant Billericay High Street, Since its opening in the summer of 2012 we have been offering a relaxed dinning and drinking experience.
Our policy is simple… we are Family friendly for dining and over 25's if you are just coming in to have a drink.
In April 2017 Harrys has under gone an extensive refurbishment with the opening of our new extended dedicated restaurant with an extensive al a carte menu


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One day Finn was hunting, and Bran went following after a fawn. And they were coming towards Finn, and the fawn called out, and it said: "If I go into the sea below I will never come back again; and if I go up into the air above me, it will not save me from Bran." For Bran would overtake the wild geese, she was that swift.
"Go out through my legs," said Finn then. So the fawn did that, and Bran followed her; and as Bran went under him, Finn squeezed his two knees on her, that she died on the moment.
And there was great grief on him after that, and he cried tears down the same as he did when Osgar died.
And some said it was Finn's mother the fawn was, and that it was to save his mother he killed Bran. But that is not likely, for his mother was beautiful Muirne, daughter of Tadg, son of Nuada of the Tuatha de Danaan, and it was never heard that she was changed into a fawn. It is more likely it was Oisin's mother was in it.
But some say Bran and Sceolan are still seen to start at night out of the thicket on the hill of Almhuin.
One misty morning, what were left of the Fianna were gathered together to Finn, and it is sorrowful and downhearted they were after the loss of so many of their comrades.
And they went hunting near the borders of Loch Lein, where the bushes were in blossom and the birds were singing; and they were waking up the deer that were as joyful as the leaves of a tree in summer-time.
And it was not long till they saw coming towards them from the west a beautiful young woman, riding on a very fast slender white horse. A queen's crown she had on her head, and a dark cloak of silk down to the ground, having stars of red gold on it; and her eyes were blue and as clear as the dew on the grass, and a gold ring hanging down from every golden lock of her hair; and her cheeks redder than the rose, and her skin whiter than the swan upon the wave, and her lips as sweet as honey that is mixed through red wine.
And in her hand she was holding a bridle having a golden bit, and there was a saddle worked with red gold under her. And as to the horse, he had a wide smooth cloak over him, and a silver crown on the back of his head, and he was shod with shining gold.
She came to where Finn was, and she spoke with a very kind, gentle voice, and she said: "It is long my journey was, King of the Fianna." And Finn asked who was she, and what was her country and the cause of her coming. "Niamh of the Golden Head is my name," she said; "and I have a name beyond all the women of the world, for I am the daughter of the King of the Country of the Young." "What was it brought you to us from over the sea, Queen?" said Finn then. "Is it that your husband is gone from you, or what is the trouble that is on you?" "My husband is not gone from me," she said, "for I never went yet to any man. But O King of the Fianna," she said, "I have given my love and my affection to your own son, Oisin of the strong hands." "Why did you give your love to him beyond all the troops of high princes that are under the sun?" said Finn. "It was by reason of his great name, and of the report I heard of his bravery and of his comeliness," she said. "And though there is many a king's son and high prince gave me his love, I never consented to any till I set my love on Oisin."
When Oisin heard what she was saying, there was not a limb of his body that was not in love with beautiful Niamh; and he took her hand in his hand, and he said: "A true welcome before you to this country, young queen. It is you are the shining one," he said; "it is you are the nicest and the comeliest; it is you are better to me than any other woman; it is you are my star and my choice beyond the women of the entire world." "I put on you the bonds of a true hero," said Niamh then, "you to come away with me now to the Country of the Young." And it is what she said:
"It is the country is most delightful of all that are under the sun; the trees are stooping down with fruit and with leaves and with blossom.
"Honey and wine are plentiful there, and everything the eye has ever seen; no wasting will come on you with the wasting away of time; you will never see death or lessening.
"You will get feasts, playing and drinking; you will get sweet music on the strings; you will get silver and gold and many jewels.
"You will get, and no lie in it, a hundred swords; a hundred cloaks of the dearest silk; a hundred horses, the quickest in battle; a hundred willing hounds.
"You will get the royal crown of the King of the Young that he never gave to any one under the sun. It will be a shelter to you night and day in every rough fight and in every battle.
"You will get a right suit of armour; a sword, gold-hilted, apt for striking; no one that ever saw it got away alive from it.
"A hundred coats of armour and shirts of satin; a hundred cows and a hundred calves; a hundred sheep having golden fleeces; a hundred jewels that are not of this world.
"A hundred glad young girls shining like the sun, their voices sweeter than the music of birds; a hundred armed men strong in battle, apt at feats, waiting on you, if you will come with me to the Country of the Young.
"You will get everything I have said to you, and delights beyond them, that I have no leave to tell; you will get beauty, strength and power, and I myself will be with you as a wife."
And after she had made that song, Oisin said: "O pleasant golden-haired queen, you are my choice beyond the women of the world; and I will go with you willingly," he said.
And with that he kissed Finn his father and bade him farewell, and he bade farewell to the rest of the Fianna, and he went up then on the horse with Niamh.
And the horse set out gladly, and when he came to the strand he shook himself and he neighed three times, and then he made for the sea. And when Finn and the Fianna saw Oisin facing the wide sea, they gave three great sorrowful shouts. And as to Finn, he said: "It is my grief to see you going from me; and I am without a hope," he said, "ever to see you coming back to me again."
And indeed that was the last time Finn and Oisin and the rest of the Fianna of Ireland were gathered together, for hunting, for battle, for chess-playing, for drinking or for music; for they all wore away after that, one after another.
As to Caoilte, that was old and had lost his sons, he used to be fretting and lonesome after the old times. And one day that there was very heavy snow on the ground, he made this complaint:—
"It is cold the winter is; the wind is risen; the fierce high-couraged stag rises up; it is cold the whole mountain is to-night, yet the fierce stag is calling. The deer of Slievecarn of the gatherings does not lay his side to the ground; he no less than the stag of the top of cold Echtge hears the music of the wolves.
"I, Caoilte, and brown-haired Diarmuid and pleasant light-footed Osgar, we used to be listening to the music of the wolves through the end of the cold night. It is well the brown deer sleeps with its hide to the hollow, hidden as if in the earth, through the end of the cold night.
"To-day I am in my age, and I know but a few men; I used to shake my spear bravely in the ice-cold morning. It is often I put silence on a great army that is very cold to-night."
And after a while he went into a hill of the Sidhe to be healed of his old wounds. And whether he came back from there or not is not known; and there are some that say he used to be talking with Patrick of the Bells the same time Oisin was with him. But that is not likely, or Oisin would not have made complaints about his loneliness the way he did.
But a long time after that again, there was a king of Ireland making a journey. And he and his people missed their way, and when night-time came on, they were in a dark wood, and no path before them.
And there came to them a very tall man, that was shining like a burning flame, and he took hold of the bridle of the king's horse, and led him through the wood till they came to the right road. And the King of Ireland asked him who was he, and first he said: "I am your candlestick"; and then he said: "I was with Finn one time." And the king knew it was Caoilte, son of Ronan, was in it.
And three times nine of the rest of the Fianna came out of the west one time to Teamhair. And they took notice that now they were wanting their full strength and their great name, no one took notice of them or came to speak with them at all. And when they saw that, they lay down on the side of the hill at Teamhair, and put their lips to the earth and died.
And for three days and a month and a year from the time of the destruction of the Fianna of Ireland, Loch Dearg was under mists.
And as to Finn, there are some say he died by the hand of a fisherman; but it is likely that is not true, for that would be no death for so great a man as Finn, son of Cumhal. And there are some say he never died, but is alive in some place yet.
And one time a smith made his way into a cave he saw, that had a door to it, and he made a key that opened it. And when he went in he saw a very wide place, and very big men lying on the floor. And one that was bigger than the rest was lying in the middle, and the Dord Fiann beside him; and he knew it was Finn and the Fianna were in it.
And the smith took hold of the Dord Fiann, and it is hardly he could lift it to his mouth, and he blew a very strong blast on it, and the sound it made was so great, it is much the rocks did not come down on him. And at the sound, the big men lying on the ground shook from head to foot. He gave another blast then, and they all turned on their elbows.
And great dread came on him when he saw that, and he threw down the Dord Fiann and ran from the caye and locked the door after him, and threw the key into the lake. And he heard them crying after him, "You left us worse than you found us." And the cave was not found again since that time.
But some say the day will come when the Dord Fiann will be sounded three times, and that at the sound of it the Fianna will rise up as strong and as well as ever they were. And there are some say Finn, son of Cumhal, has been on the earth now and again since the old times, in the shape of one of the heroes of Ireland.
And as to the great things he and his men did when they were together, it is well they have been kept in mind through the poets of Ireland and of Alban. And one night there were two men minding sheep in a valley, and they were saying the poems of the Fianna while they were there. And they saw two very tall shapes on the two hills on each side of the valley, and one of the tall shapes said to the other: "Do you hear that man down below? I was the second doorpost of battle at Gabhra, and that man knows all about it better than myself."
Last updated Sunday, March 27, 2016 at 11:54


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Why Is Investment in Watershed Services the Future of Conservation?
We use nature because it is valuable, we lose nature because it is free.
- Prof. Edward Barbier, member of TEEBs Advisory Board
As the human demographic continues to expand, our increased use of resources to satisfy our standard of life enter into conflict with biodiversity in most of the unprotected places¹.
When speaking about the depletion or competition around the use of resources, one comes to consider trade-off for decision making. Currently, most of the decisions we do are based on financial considerations reflected by markets which do not give any value to nature services. Analysing trade-off and accounting for the value of nature requires new methods and tools that are provided by the fast developing field of natural capital accounting and ecosystem services valuation.
Besides the importance of getting measures and metrics to manage nature, new tools and institutions are needed to manage and conserve biodiversity once its value has been recognised.
Investment in Watershed Services (IWS) is a key set of institutions, mechanisms and solutions to conserve biodiversity through the recognition of ecosystem services and benefits it provides to our society. The basic principles around IWS are based on the common interest of two or more stakeholders, which include at least one downstream stakeholder that perceives the benefit from the watershed (for example, clear water provision) and an upstream owner, which owns lands on which the ecosystem providing services is located (for example a forest, which provides clean water).
Based on this simple example, different solutions might be used, for example:
- Bilateral agreements (payments or other kind of compensations)
- Publicly or privately regulated funds
- Trading & offsets
The radical difference of IWS compared to other approaches is that it becomes particularly useful in a context where we need to ensure the cohabitation between our society, our built capital and nature. How? In a situation where trade-offs need to be analysed, due to a competition over natural resources, IWS provides efficient tools to ensure that all stakeholders benefit from the activities put in place². IWS also tackles challenges that traditional conservation initiatives alone cannot address, such as aligning the interests of the ecosystem managers and beneficiaries of downstream ecosystem services, as well as balancing trade-offs between built and natural infrastructure.
Despite their comprehensive approach, IWS solutions have not been widely used by the private sector, apart from a few exceptions. One case example of IWS can be found around Lake Naivasha in Kenya, where Swiss retail company Coop has used insetting projects within its corporate water stewardship strategy to create shared value for small scale farmers and reduce the supply chain risks of its flower exports:
Lake Naivasha, the heart of Kenya's horticulture industry, currently accounts for 70% of the country's cut flowers exports - a full 9% of Kenya's total foreign exchange earnings. Nonetheless the Lake Naivasha basin has begun to suffer from poor water quality due to extended periods of incorrect land use practices on the slopes of the catchment, deforestation, as well as the poorly functioning sewage treatment facilities within the town of Naivasha. With the help of South Pole, Valuing Nature and WWF, Coop has started to engage with stakeholders to explore how using smartly planed trees and forests ecosystem services could ensure the provision of clean water for both upstream and downstream users of the Naivasha watershed. The envisioned program for financing and monitoring sustainable forest management would not only contribute to the wellbeing of the Lake Naivasha basin, but also improve livelihoods through food security and alternative revenue from timber and non-timber products. The sequestered carbon would additionally contribute to reaching Coop's internal emission reduction goals.
Going forward, the importance of IWS will surely gain more prominence within the corporate community. Given the current context where pressure from stakeholders, needs for transparency and external risks related to sustainability are all increasing across the value chains of companies, it is very likely that the private sector will invest more in IWS tools as a key part of their sustainability strategy. It will have a direct benefit for them to ensure reduced costs through security of supply of raw materials, licenses to operate, reduced risks and increased access to markets through increased reputation and sustainability related communications (annual reports, targeted marketing and labeling, among others). New types of collaboration will be needed with, for example, with solutions providers and NGOs having experience in such initiatives (Forest Trends being one example.)


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Zach Murphy of ZAM Photo shoot "A Night at the fair" features neon lights in a carnival setting at the New York State Fair, with couple Jake Roberts and Molly Naef. Working as the Creative Director on this shoot, we had a ton of fun as we experimented with the variety of lights and colors throughout the fairgrounds.
These are just a few early previews of the shoot, and I can't wait to see and share more! You can also find the earlier, behind-the-scenes photos I captured in an earlier post. Maybe you'll even see a few shots of me pop up here and there as text subject for the shoot, haha.
- Geena


text:
I am using Debian 8.6 LXDE on a Powerbook G4 15" 1.67GHz and would like to enable tap to click on the touchpad. It is already double scrolling but tap to click would help to save the ageing mouse button. Two fingered tap for left click would be the icing on the cake, is this possible?
Debian Jessie
To enable the touchpad tapping permanently , copy the
50-synaptics.conf file to
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d then edit it by adding
Option "TapButton1" "1"
cp /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf should be:
Section "InputClass"
Identifier "touchpad catchall"
Driver "synaptics"
MatchIsTouchpad "on"
Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "3"
Reboot your system
Debian Stretch and Buster (updated)
Remove the
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics package. (important)
# apt remove xserver-xorg-input-synaptics
# apt install xserver-xorg-input-libinput
In most cases, make sure you have the
xserver-xorg-input-libinputpackage installed, and not the
Create the
40-libinput.conf file:
# echo 'Section "InputClass"
Identifier "libinput touchpad catchall"
MatchIsTouchpad "on"
MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
Driver "libinput"
Option "Tapping" "on"
EndSection' > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf
restart your DM; e,g:
# systemctl restart lightdm
# systemctl restart gdm3
Debian wiki : Enable tapping on touchpad
2I made the directory and it worked, even two finger tap for right click. Thank you! – Simon Baldwin Jan 19 '17 at 14:50
1I think you can restart X instead of the whole system. – Rolf Mar 5 '18 at 1:08
1The stretch part is also working for buster – BERA Jul 10 at 19:20
1@BERA Thank you. Of course , I will update my answer – GAD3R Jul 10 at 20:16
1@GAD3R I later noticed that it was just a setting under "mouse properties" that we've missed. Thank you! – Rodrigo Oct 31 at 16:43
In recent systems (2017) as many distros are moving to Wayland, synaptics driver is no longer used. Instead, libinput is used.
To enable tap to click on touchpad using libinput create a file in Xorg config:
$ touch /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/99-synaptics-overrides.conf
And add the following configuration:
Section "InputClass"
Identifier "touchpad overrides"
Driver "libinput"
MatchIsTouchpad "on"
Option "Tapping" "on"
Option "TappingButtonMap" "lmr"
1+1 as this is the only way to get
tap to clickworking on
Debian Stretch. – Kais Oct 20 '17 at 0:10
1Worked for me (Debian Stretch, Gnome 3 X11). Also worth noting that it made more options available in Gnome's mouse setting panel (such as
tap to click). – Gabriel Devillers Oct 28 '17 at 19:09
Upvoted using newly enabled tap-to-click on Debian 9.2. (Though this config did something unexpected to the touchpad's acceleration.) – pdoherty926 Oct 31 '17 at 4:02
@pdoherty926 Try adding Option "AccelProfile" flat, to disable pointer acceleration. – Gabriel Molina Oct 31 '17 at 16:50
2@Mephisto Try "TappingButtonMap" "lrm" This option is the mapping for 1, 2 and 3 fingers to left, right, middle click. – Gabriel Molina Feb 12 '18 at 21:55
This does the trick for me in similar situation under Debian 8.6 and LXDE:
synclient TapButton1=1
Above works if synaptics touchpad work with Synaptics Driver
If you are working with
libinput driver (default driver in many live images):
xinput set-prop 'SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad' 'libinput Tapping Enabled' 1
You can use
xinput list-props 'SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad' to see all available properties that can be adjusted for your TouchPad.
1Yes that works, thank you! Is there a way to make this happen on boot? – Simon Baldwin Jan 13 '17 at 9:58
@SimonBaldwin Try to put this line in file
/etc/rc.localor to
/etc/init.d/rc.local. PS: If you are happy with this answer, don't forget to accept this answer as a solution. – George Vasiliou Jan 13 '17 at 10:43
Tried adding to both these files but I still have to enable it manually in the terminal after each boot. Is there any other way of enabling it on boot or login? – Simon Baldwin Jan 13 '17 at 17:19
@SimonBaldwin Give a look here : wiki.lxde.org/en/Autostart – George Vasiliou Jan 13 '17 at 23:50
@SimonBaldwin for two finger right click try this :
$: synclient TapButton2=3 TapButton3=2. Also by running
synclientyou will see all the options available for touchpad. – George Vasiliou Jan 14 '17 at 0:10
Using debian Stretch 9.5 with xfce desktop environment .
update :
Add this section:
Section "InputClass"
Identifier "libinput touchpad catchall"
MatchIsTouchpad "on"
MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
Driver "libinput"
Option "Tapping" "on"
Reboot the system and now tapping should work.
I did exactly as per the answer (However I created a backup of the file
sudo cp /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf{,.bak}before). And it fixed the problems with i3, sddm etc. It's on Debian 9.6. – Ajeeb.K.P Dec 2 '18 at 15:11
On Debian 9.1 (stretch) I ran in the same issue (on an asus laptop). I Used LXDE as George.
If you can't find synclient, install first :
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics
Then add the following line at the end of
@synclient TapButton1=1 TapButton2=3 TapButton3=2
Reboot and now you can "tap click" and "two fingers tap - right click"
This is my synaptic xorg config and works perfectly on Debian 9.7 (stretch) with
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics package.
$ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/70-synaptic.conf
Section "InputClass"
Identifier "touchpad catchall"
Driver "synaptics"
MatchIsTouchpad "on"
## for natural scrolling
Option "VertScrollDelta" "-111"
Option "HorizScrollDelta" "-111"
## tap to click
Option "TapButton1" "1"
## two finger tap to Right click
Option "TapButton2" "3"
On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, the following simple command did the trick:
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics
Then reboot (or restart display manager).


text:
On this top page, articles that are being read a lot, attention articles, best writers etc. are ranked.
(we are referring to statistics from September 29.)
No. 1
I tried playing THE YELLOW MONKEY's "JAM".
Performance / Nyanku Lyrics / Kazuya Yoshii Composition / Kazuya Yoshii Like 0
Noteworthy article
"Retirement of Idle"Mado Yamashiro
Retirement of Idle Mado Yamashiro "As you are an idol, they have played the role of boyfriend in many women's brains and have given them excitement, pleasure and even happiness, so I will give you a reward for such you today." Someone shiny shining from the refrigerator in the room tells Naruse Sayya that. A […]
Like 0


text:
It is very well made, all fully lined, really quite heavy when you pick it up. This is the second dress I have bought from Fearne's range, and so far I have been very impressed.
Tonight I am going to the Theatre to see ' The Hurley Burly Show' and thought this was a perfect outfit to grace Miss Polly Rae with.
|Beaded Peter Pan Collar


text:
Sonoma County volunteers work to restore Laguna de Santa Rosa to former glory
Help the Laguna
What: Wings, Wine and Wetlands annual fundraiser and celebration of migration in the Laguna
When: 2 p.m.. June 24
Where: Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation, 900 Sanford Road, Santa Rosa
Tickets: $125
Information: lagunafoundation.org
The first thing I notice about the Laguna de Santa Rosa is the thick tangle of vegetation known as ludwigia that clusters along the banks and wraps around my leg as I plop into the kayak.
"Like Ludwig van Beethoven," says Wendy Trowbridge, sounding out the German composer who was luckily not its namesake.
The director of restoration and conservation science programs at the Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation fights the water weed to launch her kayak, not long after her colleaguee, Anita Smith, escapes its leafy clutches to glide across the calm, dark water.
Before the annual Wings, Wine and Wetlands fundraiser, we decided to get out on the water and size up the challenges facing the Laguna today.
As we settle into the main Laguna channel, just north of the Occidental Road bridge and east of Sebastopol, it doesn't take long to spot a black-crowned night heron lighting from a branch as we approach. Further along, we'll spot a great egret stalking minnows on pencil-thin legs, followed by an osprey hovering above, several red-tailed hawks, cormorants clustered in a dead tree and several great blue herons — just a few of the more than 2,000 species of birds in the watershed.
"It's good to get a little momentum to get through the ludwigia," Smith says, digging in with her paddle.
The water quality is not as contaminated as it once was.
"The California Department of Fish and Game back in the '70s, declared the Laguna completely devoid of life," Trowbridge says.
More than 100 years of raw sewage pollution and decades of phosphorous settling into the sediments took its toll. In the '60s, farmers and politicians convinced the Water Agency to dredge from Sebastopol to the confluence of the Russian River so they could grow crops. By the '70s, inspired by the nationwide environmental awakening, activists tried to reverse the damage, but it's been a long haul ever since.
"When you work in this profession, it's hard not to get wrapped up in how bad thing are now," Trowbridge says. "But you have to remind yourself it used to be a whole lot worse. There are fish and otters and herons and all kinds of wildlife now."
The Laguna's massive 254-square-mile watershed stretches from Taylor Mountain and Hood Mountain in the east, as far north as Windsor, with Cotati to the south and the Russian River to the west. Main tributaries include Mark West, Santa Rosa and Copeland creeks.
The wetlands were once a thriving resource for the Pomos. In the summer, seasonal camps and villages would surround the Laguna. At the Laguna Foundation learning center, a quote from Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria tribal chairman Greg Sarris sums up how vital it was to their way of life: "All people were associated with and ultimately dependent upon one another because of the water, the center of which was the Laguna itself."
Now, from an aerial view, you can see how drastically the main waterway has been altered over the years through channelization and farming irrigation, its path making sharp unnatural right-angle turns. In the past, it was prime fish habitat for cold-water species such as steelhead and salmon, but now it's home to many invasive warm-water fish like carp and sunfish. Widely trapped in the 1800s, beavers have been spotted again. Once there were elk and pronghorn, but no more.
Help the Laguna
What: Wings, Wine and Wetlands annual fundraiser and celebration of migration in the Laguna
When: 2 p.m.. June 24
Where: Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation, 900 Sanford Road, Santa Rosa
Tickets: $125
Information: lagunafoundation.org


text: Believe it or not, there are still a large number of national lawmakers who think it's OKthat the financial advice you receive can be delivered by someone who has huge conflicts of interest. It's outrageous and costly. Fortunately, some major publications, including Time, are helping the public understand that this practice should be ended.


text:
|Many Grox were sacrificed to bring you this post.
|Nemesis Class Warlord = MegaDeath!
Left Carapace Macro-Cannon, right carapace Plasma Cannon,
left arm Autocannon, right arm Las Cutter
Titans that are Highly or Extremely Maneuverable can be given Evade orders. They move and fire in the Charge segment of the turn but only at Advance rate. They suffer -1 to hit when firing as do enemy Titans when attempting to target the evading Titan.
|NB - Support Weapons (the bloody big missile on the carapace) can
replace any carapace mounted weapons. They can be loaded with a variety of munitions too!


text:
Model-based predictive control for bicycling in urban intersections
In this paper, a model predictive control approach for improving the efficiency of bicycling as part of intermodal transportation systems is proposed.
In this paper, a model predictive control approach for improving the efficiency of bicycling as part of intermodal transportation systems is proposed.
This study explored the potential impact of cycle tracks (i.e., physically separated bicycle lane within a street right-of-way) on short-term travel mode substitution behaviour.
The research brings us knowledge about the position of cyclists with respect to each other and overtaking vehicles.
Building on previous research with the 9C- 7 bicycle detector marking and blue light detector feedback devices, there are two objectives of this research: 1) do users comprehend the 9C-7 marking and the blue light detector feedback device? 2) Does bicyclist behavior change due to a descriptive bicycle detector marking?
The purpose of this research is to longitudinally examine the extent to which sharrows induce people to ride bicycles and explore the markings' association with the number of bicyclist injuries.
TRB's Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2520, includes 19 papers that explore information related to bicycles and motorcycles.
This study investigated the factors that may influence the level of use of secure bicycle parking at railway stations in Melbourne, Australia.
This research evaluates several approaches to dealing with the main operational issue and safety concern with the protected intersection design which is how to manage the conflict between bicyclists and right-turning motor vehicles.
This research assesses the geographic distribution of 8 cycling infrastructure with regard to community demographic characteristics to better assess claims that cycling investment arrives in tandem with incoming populations of privilege or is targeted towards neighborhoods with existing wealth.
This chapter seems to highlight the subtle ways in which the storyline of "separation" came to hinder cycling promotion, while at the same time showing how a new coalition of actors argueing for "integration" came to the contest and transformed ideas concerning "separation" in transport policy".


text:
Font Family: Francis Nouveau, Number of fonts: 1*OTF, Designer: Matylda Mcilvenny, Design date: 2016
Francis Nouveau is based on vintage Polish poster art. It's a slim, modern, geometric, display typeface, with unique touches.
Contains over 200 glyphs, including all uppercase European characters, numbers, symbols, and many more. Lowercase characters and varied weights will be added in the future.
Your purchase includes free unlimited Francis Nouveau updates, as well as discounts on future font variations.


text:
While the rest of the world gets stoked for the forthcoming Facebook Oculus Rift and HTC Vive Pre virtual reality headsets, a handful of startups are trying to make sure there's actually something to watch on them.
One of those startups is Littlstar, a New York-based startup that graduated from the Disney Accelerator startup mentorship program in mid-2015, and one of a new class of companies trying to turn the rising wave of VR into a solid business plan.
At the most basic level, Littlstar wants to be to virtual reality what YouTube is for web video — helping the small but growing community of virtual reality content creators put their stuff in one easy place for people to find, stream, and hopefully enjoy.
From there, says Littlstar CEO Ben Nunez, the idea is to take its early position in the VR market and use it to start attracting top-tier content from the major studios, much like Netflix or Hulu.
Furthermore, since Littlstar doesn't have a hardware platform to support as Facebook does, Nunez says that can bring its app everywhere, to every device, without any kind of investment to protect.
The Littlstar app can be used to view 360-degree photos and videos and VR video on a phone, or with Google Cardboard, Samsung Gear VR, or even Apple TV, and support is coming to the Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, and just about everything else.
So far, so good: Littlstar has attracted customers like the Discovery Channel, online gaming giant Wargaming.net (the company behind the smash hit "World of Tanks"), DKNY, and Showtime, all of whom are hosting their early VR experiments on the site.
But Littlstar's position is that VR is a whole separate medium from traditional video, and Nunez says that one day, the comparisons with established companies will stop — and Littlstar will be on "a whole different planet" from the rest, Nunez says.
In the future, says founder Tony Mugavero, Littlstar will invest in stuff like "choose-your-own-adventure-style" VR videos that "bridge narrative and gaming content."
Obviously, Littlstar isn't the only one thinking about the potential for this market.
Google, which has invested in VR with a GoPro partnership and its cheap Google Cardboard headsets, has made 360-degree, VR-ready video available on YouTube. And Facebook, the purveyor of the Oculus Rift headset, has done the same on the News Feed.
Going against titans like Google and Facebook is a bold move in any market, but Nunez says that the company's focus on just doing one thing — virtual reality — sets it apart. While YouTube has to support both old-school web video and this new VR content, for instance, Littlstar can do whatever it wants.
"YouTube is fighting battles on a thousand different fronts," says Nunez.