text:
What's New in Supervision?
Violate imaging supervision rules, and you may lose the change to participate in Medicare.
Editor's note: This is the conclusion of a two-part series addressing the controversial subject of medical imaging supervision. The first article (http://bit.ly/RADLAWApr2012) summarized related Medicare rules.
The federal government as well as whistleblowers are pursing fraud and abuse violations related to supervision errors. To help you understand the issues involved and guide you and your practice to remain compliant, we will describe two recent and important cases involving these violations. The first case resulted in an $11 million award against the imaging provider, which has been appealed. The second case is still in an early phase of litigation.
Breaking the Contract
In Hobbs v. MedQuest, a federal False Claims Act (FCA) case was brought against MedQuest, an imaging company that operates more than 90 facilities in 13 states, by a former employee and radiologic technologist. Two Nashville-area imaging centers enrolled in Medicare and functioned as independent diagnostic testing facilities (IDTFs), while a third enrolled as a physician office of a radiologist and his or her corporation.1 MedQuest managed the office until it purchased it from the radiologist. Then, MedQuest began billing diagnostic tests under the employer identification number (EIN) of the radiologist's corporation. The local Medicare carrier required a board-certified radiologist or other physician with specialized training to supervise studies at enrolled sites. On its enrollment form, MedQuest identified three supervising physicians, two radiologists, and an internist, who completed a specialized imaging training program.2
Notably, the carrier denied MedQuest's requests to approve other physicians for supervisory activities and to relax its proficiency standards. Medicare contacted MedQuest to identify which physicians must supervise imaging studies. Qualified individuals are especially necessary, according to Medicare, for contrast-based MR and CT studies. In fact, Medicare mandates that a physician must provide direct supervision of such studies at offices or IDTFs. In IDTFs, the supervising physician must demonstrate proficiency in performing and interpreting each type of diagnostic procedure completed at the IDTF.3
The technologist who initiated the case in 2011 lost her job after complaining about unapproved supervision practices. She filed a qui tam case — an action in which an individual plaintiff, or whistleblower, sues on behalf of the government as well as for herself — against MedQuest, alleging it violated FCA because it failed to adhere to Medicare supervision requirements for IDTFs. Additionally, she asserted that MedQuest wrongly billed for studies at the office under the radiologist's EIN for 18 months before enrolling as an IDTF. The government then took control of the case.
In a summary judgement, which ruled in favor of the whistleblower, the court decided that MedQuest's failure to satisfy the carrier's criteria violated the FCA. MedQuest claimed that those criteria lacked legal force because they were not a statute or regulation. It maintained that Medicare should address any noncompliance as a "quality of care" administrative issue. However, the court ruled that the Medicare enrollment form represents a contractual agreement between Medicare and MedQuest to ensure that only the listed physicians would supervise studies at the appropriate levels. According to the form, MedQuest was required to notify the carrier of any changes in supervising physicians.4 Thus, by submitting claims for studies that approved physicians did not supervise, MedQuest falsely certified that the physicians it listed in its application would supervise imaging exams. Therefore, the court determined that MedQuest violated the FCA and was liable for $11 million in damages.
Why should the MedQuest case matter to ACR members? Medicare carriers have considerable authority from CMS to set the parameters of imaging study supervision and the enrollment process. Your enrollment with Medicare serves as a binding contract to ensure that you know and will follow the carrier's rules. You may propose an alternate approach of meeting the carrier requirements, but you must accept the carrier's decision on the matter. A federal prosecutor in the MedQuest case stated that its office brought charges because the facilities had misrepresented themselves, and not because of the requirement that radiologists provide the supervision. So, in summary, document all conversations with carrier representatives and train your staff on evolving requirements.
Questionable Arrangements
In 2011, a U.S. attorney's office in Michigan sued Universal Imaging Inc., and its current and former owners for $150 million in damages and penalties under the FCA in Chesbrough, et al. v. Universal Imaging, et al.5 A radiologist and his spouse (a radiologic technologist) initiated the case as whistleblowers. The government alleged that the company and its nonmedical professional owners violated the supervision rules and paid kickbacks to referring physicians. Universal Imaging Inc., a nonprofit corporation, allegedly transferred its equipment to a for-profit entity with the same owners and leased the equipment from that entity. Prosecutors believed one defendant, a primary-care physician, recommended a test for patients in their practice every six months in return for payments.6
Separately, 14 other physicians and groups paid $1.56 million to settle charges that they illegally accepted kickbacks for referrals from Universal Imaging Inc. The government also brought criminal charges against the primary care physician; she was convicted and sentenced to 120 months imprisonment on charges of public corruption, health-care fraud, and conspiring to illegally distribute prescription drugs.
1. United States of America ex. Rel. Hobbs v. MedQuest Inc., et al., United States District Court, Nashville, Tennessee, Aug. 23, 2011.
2. Ibid.
3. 42 Code of Federal Regulations section 410.33(b) (2). Available at www.iscd.org/visitors/pdfs/Edited-42CFR410_000.pdf. Accessed Jan. 30, 3012.
4. United States of America ex. Rel. Hobbs v. MedQuest Inc. et al., United States District Court, Nashville, Tennessee, Aug. 23, 2011.
5. United States of American ex rel. Chesbrough v. Universal Imaging Inc., United States District Court, Detroit, Michigan, Dec. 29, 2011.
6. Halcom C., "Court Holds on to Proceeds from Universal Imaging Sale While Whistle-Blower Suit Moves Forward." Available at http://bit.ly/crainswhistleblower. Accessed Jan. 30, 2012.
By Bill Shields, J.D., LL.M., CAE, and Tom Hoffman, J.D., CAE


text:
Latest News
Jessie C. Hardin
CHARLOTTE -- Mrs. Hardin, 92, of the Lower Steele Creek area of Charlotte, passed away on Sept. 17, 2007. She was born on April 24, 1915 in York County, S.C., a daughter of the late James Randolph Currence and Ella Lee Brown Currence.
Jessie was a charter member of Good Shepherd United Methodist Church in Steele Creek. She devoted her life to helping those in need. This included assisting the elderly with regular trips to the doctors. She loved and cherished her family and the many relationships she developed throughout the years.
She was a loving wife to her late husbands, William Leonard Brown, Joe Mason Smith and Robert Dewey Hardin, and devoted sister to her late brothers and sister, Ralph and Brainard Currence and Laura Adkins.
Survivors include her nephews, T.J., Robert and Jimmy Adkins, all of Charlotte, Ed Adkins of Rock Hill, Ken Adkins of Fort Mill, Joe Currence of Charlotte and Benny Currence of Monroe. She is also survived by her stepdaughter, Barbara Gunter of Florida.
A service by the graveside will be held at 11 a.m. Thursday, Sept. 20, 2007, at Bethel Presbyterian Church Cemetery, 2445 Hwy 557, Clover, S.C., with the Rev. Talbot Davis officiating. The family will receive friends following the service in the fellowship hall of Bethel Presbyterian Church.
Memorial contributions may be made to Agape Community Hospice, 2115 Piedmont Office, 2115 Ebenezer Road, Rock Hill, SC 29732.
Arrangements by McEwen Funeral Service, Pineville Chapel.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Waterfall Pavilion is the ideal intimate Gold Coast wedding venue featuring a vibrantly sunlit waterfall surrounded by fountains and tropical gardens. Space is perfect for smaller, more intimate gatherings and keeps your loved ones close to you on your special day.
This Roman inspired, hexagonal room creates a romantic atmosphere for smaller receptions and the tropical gardens outside provide a stunning background to your wedding styling.
As the sunlight fades our sensational state of the art lighting enhances the evening's ambience and brings with it a sense of enchantment.
We offer a range of intimate wedding packages to bring your day to life.


text:
The INSIDER Summary:
- Switching hairstyles for the summer is a great way to liven up your entire look.
- INSIDER spoke with celebrity hair guru Larry Sims — whose clients include Victoria Beckham and Zendaya — about which summer hairstyles will reign supreme in 2017.
- Messy hair, choppy haircuts, twists, and braids will be among the hottest trends.
Doing something different with your hair for the summer is always a good idea.
An update to your hairstyle at the cusp of warmer weather can keep you cool or prevent heat damage from increased sun exposure. It's an easy way to refresh your look, too.
INSIDER recently spoke with celebrity hairstylist Larry Sims — the hair guru behind Victoria Beckham's infamous bob whose clients also include Zendaya, Gabrielle Union, and Kerry Washington — and asked him which summer styles we can expect to see the most this year. Scroll down to find out what he had to say.
1. Tousled hair will be wildly popular.
"Messy, bed-head hair" replaces beach waves as the number one trend, according to Sims. "People really aren't doing polished hair anymore," he told INSIDER. Stars like actress Julianne Hough, singer Ciara, and supermodel Karlie Kloss have all ditched their silky smooth strands in recent years and totally rocked it.
2. Short haircuts are going to be everywhere.
Sims predicted that "razor-textured bobs" with uneven layers will be a big hit. Don't be afraid to go short — actresses Drew Barrymore and Gabrielle Union, as well as Victoria Beckham, have all proved long hair isn't necessary.
3. Twists and braids will replace the need for styling tools.
No-heat styles such as twists and braids are bound to become even more popular. Singer Rita Ora decorated hers with hair accessories, while actresses Blake Lively and Bella Thorne's styles commanded attention on their own.
4. Likewise, long-lasting protective styles are a definite must.
Braided extensions such as two-strand twists and box braids don't require daily maintenance or manipulation, making them ideal for those with natural hair. Singers and actresses Solange, Brandy, and Zoe Kravitz frequently wear them.


text:
Keeping our children safe shouldn't require arming teachers, staff, or parents.
On the Monday following the horrific murders at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newton, Connecticut, someone called in a threat to my kids' school district. The district locked down all five schools in the district including my daughter's kindergarten-only school and my son's elementary school. I heard about this via an email from the district. I was calm until I called my wife with the news. Then, we both cried.
The police eventually deemed the threat to be without credibility. The kids came home free of fear or even anxiety. The teachers had clearly held it together much better than had I. The kids mentioned the locked doors and the lack of recess and gym but seemed unbothered by the events of the day. I cannot thank the administrators and the teachers enough for making such a troubling situation so easy on my kids.
But, here's the thing: while I'm glad to live in a school district with such wonderful educators, I don't want my kids to live in a world where preparing for a school shooting is normal.
Clearly, my level of distress was and still is high, due in no small part to the fact that the threat to my kids came so soon after the horrific murders at Sandy Hook. But my intent isn't to write about my emotions in all of this. We all love our children. My sadness over what occurred is not unique. We all ache. This is something we share.
What we don't share is our opinions on what should be done now.
I am a supporter of Second Amendment rights. I have plenty of very responsible friends and neighbors and family members who are gun owners. I see no utility in seizing their guns or preventing them from purchasing more.
But the Second Amendment is not a mandate. It permits gun ownership; it does not require it. And yet, I have heard plenty of people argue, after this most recent tragedy and after previous incidents of mass murders involving guns, that what we need is more guns. The argument generally goes as such: if we are all armed, then no one would dare start shooting. People say this as if it is the obvious and only solution. But, personally, I can't imagine a more cynical and depressing answer to gun violence.
What kind of nihilistic society believes that our safety, let alone the safety of our children, should be governed by who has the best weaponry or is the best marksman? Is our only recourse to arm ourselves and live in a condition of perpetual anxiety, always ready to draw our guns, afraid to go anywhere without first arming ourselves? Perhaps we can convince ourselves that such a society would be a more secure society, but we certainly can't believe it would be a more peaceful one. There is no peace when the only defense is self-defense.
I prefer to be optimistic. I hope for a society where my family can be safe even if we choose not to arm ourselves, and where the school staff is unarmed. Because I do not want to be a soldier. And I do not want my children's schools to be fortresses. I want to be a dad, not part of some militia. I want our schools to be places of learning, not armed encampments where children are hidden behind locked doors. I want my kids to be free from the worry that evil might visit their classroom.
Arming ourselves and our schools is an act of surrender. If we do that, we admit that our society is failing and our only hope is to hunker down and just try to survive. But I don't believe our society is failing. It may be sick. It may riddled with narcissism and sensationalism and political divisiveness that boils into hate, but I refuse to believe we can't improve. That we can't find ways to protect ourselves through improvements in our mental health system and through a general cultural shift, where we start recognizing our shared humanity.
I am fine if you want to own a gun. I will stand up for your right to do so. But don't tell me I have to own one too. Don't tell me I have to send my kids to a school with armed guards with assault rifles. That is not the America I want for my children.
When my kids came home after the lockdown at their schools, we explained to our third grader what had occurred. His only real question was: Why? Why would someone threaten him? I had theories as to the perpetrator's mental condition and need for attention, but this kind of speculation wasn't the answer my son wanted. He meant: What kind of society allows such a thing to happen? To that, I have no answer. But that doesn't mean there are no solutions. We can't erase evil and tragedy from the world, but we can do more than add more guns to the equation. I believe we can do better than that.
Read more about Guns on The Good Life.
Image credit: Fort Meade/Flickr


text:
This scene never fails to crack me up. Ham on rye, extra mustard.
This scene never fails to crack me up. Ham on rye, extra mustard.
Categories: 1: Featured Actors Arts and Culture Million Dollar Movie
Tags: charlie wilson's war phillip seymour hoffman
Love that flick.
The entire scene when Gust first meets with Charlie is awesome.
Charlie Wilson: You mean to tell me that the U.S. strategy in Afghanistan is to have the Afghans keep walking into machine gun fire 'til the Russians run out of bullets?
Gust Avrakotos: That's Harold Holt's strategy, it's not U.S. strategy.
Charlie Wilson: What is U.S. strategy?
Gust Avrakotos: Well, strictly speaking, we don't have one. But we're working hard on that.
Charlie Wilson: Who's 'we'?
Gust Avrakotos: Me and three other guys.


text:
Unilever, which sells Dove soap and Hellmann's mayonnaise, will produce 30% fewer ads as part of a costcutting drive, Chief Financial Officer Graeme Pitkethly said Thursday in a phone interview. WPP, whose Ogilvy & Mather agency makes ads for Dove, dropped as much as 4.4%, the most since March 3.
The blow came as WPP , the world's largest advertising company , was already contending with a slow start to 2017 and a weaker-than-expected growth forecast. Auto sales are sagging and consumer-products companies, in response to slowing growth, are looking for ways to save money on advertising and simplify their commitments.Business with Unilever contributes about 3% of WPP's revenue, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
"Big advertisers are cutting their marketing spend," said Claire Barbaret, an analyst at Invest Securities in Paris. "All of them are trying to cut their costs because we're in a world where there's not much growth."
Unilever didn't give details on its spending plans.The company, which is also selling off its spreads business, aims to reduce the number of creative agencies it employs by about half, Pitkethly said on a call with investors a move which could benefit large agency owners like WPP. Unilever said it will reduce the number of consultants it employs by around 40%.


text:
Your Portakabin (Refurbished) modular building can be supplied with all the furniture you need for your specific requirements – whatever type of building you buy. You can choose from a full range of high-quality furnishings, including desks, chairs, storage units and tables. See the category options listed below or download our furniture brochure.
The range of chairs available covers every requirement, from fabric-upholstered office chairs to leather-faced, ergonomic executive chairs. You can buy tough, wipe-clean polypropylene chairs for school and canteen applications, as well as comfortable box chairs, ideal for reception areas.
The choice of desks available includes straight desks, wave or L-shaped workstations with integral cable-management fixtures. These are all available with integrated single or double-drawer pedestals, which fit neatly under the desk.
We offer a variety of drawer units to suit your needs. These include under-desk drawers, freestanding units in a range of sizes and robust two or four-drawer filing cabinets. These can be supplied with a range of accessories, including drawer hangers, racks and trolleys.
Sturdy, attractive tables are available in a variety of sizes and finishes for a whole range of uses. You can buy standard tables for office use, or large, robust tables for conference facilities and boardrooms. For canteens, you can choose durable, lightweight, wipe-clean tables, or dining units comprising tables with integrated polypropylene chairs. We also offer a choice of stylish coffee tables.
To provide all the storage space you need, we offer high-quality lockable cupboards and fixed-shelving bookcases in a range of sizes and colours to suit your requirements.
If you need to provide secure storage facilities for staff or pupils, you can choose single or multi-tier lockers in steel or mesh. Your cloakroom areas can also be equipped with a range of furniture, including stand-alone benches and fully-welded coat racks with integrated benches, in a choice of sizes.
In addition to furniture, we can help to complete your facilities with a range of electrical appliances, from dishwashers and washing machines to fridges and freezers.
Our specialists will help you to plan your building interior, optimising the available floor space and specifying precisely the furniture you need to meet your requirements.


text:
Esquire Magazine Commission of Former U.S. Senators Calls for the Creation of Health Courts
Oct 22, 2010, 03:15 ET
NEW YORK, Oct. 22 /PRNewswire/ -- In its November issue, now on newsstands, Esquire Magazine's Commission to Balance the Federal Budget calls for the creation of health courts, also called medical courts, to help rein in the spiraling cost of health care. The Commission was appointed by the magazine in the summer of 2010 to create an actionable plan to erase the federal deficit by the year 2020. It was chaired by MSNBC's Lawrence O'Donnell and composed of four renowned former U.S. senators: two Democrats, Bill Bradley and Gary Hart, and two Republicans, John Danforth and Bob Packwood. Following is the Commission's recommendation:
"Institute medical-malpractice reform through the establishment of medical courts. This proposal would establish medical courts – similar to bankruptcy courts – in which verdicts are made by judges trained to evaluate scientific evidence. As an alternative to the current trial-by-jury system for medical-malpractice lawsuits, this proposal would decrease the number of frivolous lawsuits that reach trial, increase the speed with which meritorious lawsuits reach trial, and reduce administrative costs for the federal judiciary. It would also discourage the practice of defensive medicine, whereby health-care providers, under the constant threat of litigation, often order unnecessary (and costly) tests and procedures to hedge against potential lawsuits."
The concept of health courts originated with, and has long been championed by, Common Good, working in conjunction with experts at the Harvard School of Public Health and with funding from The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Health courts would have judges dedicated full-time to resolving health care disputes. The judges would make written rulings to provide guidance on proper standards of care. These rulings would set precedents on which both patients and doctors could rely. As with similar administrative courts that exist in other areas of law – for tax disputes, workers' compensation, and vaccine liability, among others – there would be no juries. To assure predictability and fairness, each ruling could be appealed to a new Medical Appellate Court.
"This is an important endorsement of health courts by a pre-eminent panel of national leaders," said Philip K. Howard, Chair of Common Good. "As our nation seeks to provide better health care at a lower cost, it is increasingly apparent that health courts are essential to changing the culture of health care delivery to eliminate wasteful spending and other defensive practices."
Common Good (www.commongood.org) is a nonpartisan legal reform coalition dedicated to restoring common sense to America. The Chair of Common Good is Philip K. Howard, a lawyer and author of Life Without Lawyers and The Death of Common Sense.
SOURCE Common Good


text:
Cooking teacher whips up kids' interest in food
WHAT I DO Michael Bauce, children's cooking instructor
If you give kids junk food, they go for it. But if you give them healthy, fresh, organic food, says Michael Bauce , they eventually learn to like it. Especially if they have a hand in the preparation.
At Thousand Oaks Elementary School in Berkeley, Bauce (rhymes with "ouch") teaches basic cooking and nutrition to 438 students. He advocates whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and says even the most skeptical young eater can learn to like hummus, nori seaweed and miso soup.
Bauce, 54, is widowed and lives in Berkeley. He has two sons, 24 and 19, and a steady girlfriend.
When we started this program in 1999, the children in the school district were very hesitant to try anything. I cooked vegetables, I cooked soup - things I thought they would be interested in. And I would get maybe a third of the class to try it.
Ten years later, things have really changed. We get almost 100 percent participation in every class, no matter what I make. It could be Three Sisters Stew with pinto beans, corn and squash. Or sautéed broccoli and cauliflower with garlic and olive oil and salt. And they will be very enthusiastic about trying. It's amazing to see.
This is the place where many of them get exposed to real food for the first time. A lot of kids just eat junk food. They don't even have dinner with their family. It's shocking. If I ask, "How many of you eat dinner with your family at home at night?" less than half the hands go up.
There are 21 classes at Thousand Oaks and each class comes in every two weeks. We go through an entire recipe. The first thing the kids do is wash their hands. They put on an apron. They all sit down, and I get up and tell them about the harvest of the month.
This month it's tomatoes and we're making tomato salsa. I talk about the other fruits and vegetables we're using in the recipe, give a little nutritional information. We twist the little greens off the cherry tomatoes. Dice them. We cut the cucumbers, keeping the skins on because that's where a lot of the fiber is.
We mix it together and the kids get in line with spoons to stir the ingredients. Then they wash their cutting boards. We set the table with bowls and utensils. We sit down. Everyone has to be quiet. No one eats until we say the magic words, "Bon appetit, let's eat."
Some of the things I've introduced were a hard sell. Curried chickpea vegetables. Hummus. But in cooking class we have the Three Bite Rule. If someone doesn't like the sound of something, they have to try three bites.
The kids who say "I don't want to try this" are the same ones who, once they try a bite, want seconds and thirds.
How I got into this was, my wife was diagnosed with breast cancer almost 20 years ago. So we changed the way that we lived: I quit my work as a keyboardist in reggae, soca and calypso bands, and we started eating macrobiotically. It actually gave her 10 years of good, quality life. Then one day she got this lump that got bigger and bigger, and nothing really addressed it. She died in 1998.
We'd been doing a macrobiotic meal-delivery service out of my home. When my wife passed away I got a phone call from Yolanda Huang, the woman who wrote the grant for this program, asking if I was interested in teaching cooking classes in Berkeley. It was perfect because I was so into my kitchen and preparing meals that I wasn't really connecting with people in the community.
It's hard for a lot of kids to sit down and relax and be quiet and listen. I tell them that food doesn't affect just your health; it also affects your emotions, your behavior, your appearance. Some kids have kind of a hard life, a bad diet. There's a big economic gap among these kids in Berkeley: some from poor families, some that are well-to-do.
I've never had a parent say, "Don't tell me how to feed my child." In fact, I get the opposite. I get mothers who come up to me and say, "My son wants to go shopping with me now. I can't buy canned food; I have to buy fresh vegetables." Or, "My husband just lost 30 pounds. This diet has improved our lives."


text:
By Kaitlin
Uptown, New York City's own Tessalonia makes her return to the spotlight today with a brand new project, "Ms. Butterworth." The 6-track EP follows the successful single "Waves & Whispers," and features the single "Ocean Floor Kisses.""Ms. Butterworth" starts off with a techno-inspired instrumental intro, "Lush," and moves right into Tessalonia's signature R&B sound with the following track, "Wake Up," bringing more electro-infused inspo in tracks like "Crew" and "INTRNT LUV." The project is a solid and fun listen throughout, with something for everyone. Check it out here and be sure to add "Waves & Whispers" to your Spotify library!
The post Tessalonia – "Ms. Butterworth" [EP] appeared first on Mechanical Dummy.


text:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent and soft and slow
Descends the snow.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Winter Views
At last! Snow!
I visited some friends last Thursday, the day after our first snow, and captured stunning views out each window.
The dried snowball blossoms of 'Annabelle' Hydrangea catch the snow beautifully.
Rain chains provide dramatic interest.
A slanted tree trunk, some built objects–all capture snow splendidly.
A creative touch–birch tree logs arranged vertically in a striking container.
All kinds of rudbeckia bear diminutive, rounded, black discs that show off against the white snow. Twiggy shrubs provide more pattern.
It's always fun to create views outside our windows, but never more important than in the winter when we spend so much more time inside.


text:
How to Configure the Backup Program in Windows 7
The first backup you make with Windows Backup is different from the rest of them, mostly because this first-time operation also configures the backup software. The following steps walk you through the process and assume that you're backing up to an external hard drive or thumb drive that's already connected to your PC:
Open the Control Panel.
Choose Back Up Your Computer (beneath the System and Security heading).
Choose Set Up Backup.
The computer looks for backup destinations:
Hard Drive: The best choice if you have an external hard drive, a thumb drive with plenty of space, or a separate, physical hard drive inside the computer (not a partition).
Optical Drive (CD or DVD): If you have more information to back up than can fit on a single optical disc, you'll swap discs. Keep in mind that automatic backups require extra preparatory work.
Network Drive: Works only when the computer is connected to a server type of network. That explains why no shared network hard drive appears on the list.
Choose the destination you want to back up to.
Click the Next button.
When your PC has more than one internal hard drive or disk partition, you may be prompted to select those additional disks for backup. Don't, unless you keep important files on those drives, such as images, music, or crucial documents.
Choose any extra disk drives to back up, if prompted.
Click the Next button.
The next step is to choose which types of files you want to back up. Back up all your personal information; keep all options selected.
Click the Next button.
Set a backup schedule.
How often you back up depends on how often you use the computer and on the nature of the information it holds. In an office situation, you probably want to back up at the end of each work day. At home, it could be less often depending on how often you use the computer.
Click the Save Settings and Run Backup button.
A typical backup can take anywhere from a few minutes to several hours, depending on how much stuff is being backed up.
Click the Close button to dismiss the Back-Up Files window.
Close the Backup Status and Configuration window.
Now you can use your computer with confidence. Files are regularly updated on the backup disk. They can swiftly and accurately be recovered if, and when, anything bad happens.
Your computer must be on when the backup takes place. The computer can be in either Stand By or Sleep mode, but an automatic backup doesn't run when the computer is turned off or in Hibernation mode.
Backing up your data consumes computer resources. Be sure to schedule a backup for when you're not doing anything else.
Every time you back up your files, the Windows Backup program creates a new, unique backup set on the backup drive. These sets are maintained like a database for use by the Restore portion of the Backup program. That way, not only can older files be recovered, but older versions of those files can also be recovered as well.


text:
Ready for a change in your Laguna Niguel home's décor? Fortunately, revamping your home's flooring is easy thanks to Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home. Since we are part of the world's largest buying group, we are able to save on all kinds of flooring from major brands, mills, and manufacturers and transfer those savings to our customers. We make it our goal to provide you with the best flooring choices with the best service to see you through the flooring process from start to finish.
We start by applying the expertise of our Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home sales professionals aided by the organization provided by the SelectAFloor™ shopping system to streamline the selection process and pinpoint the perfect flooring for you. Whether you want to install cozy carpeting, the contemporary look and feel of ceramic tile, the rich shades and textures of hardwood, or the durability that comes from high-quality laminate or luxury vinyl flooring tiles, you can count on Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home to supply the very best options. Once you've decided, we can even install your new flooring for you. Our Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home Carpet One installation experts are professionals, so know you'll get the same high-quality customer service throughout the entire flooring renovation process. And to top it all off, you can choose from one of our many warranties that will keep your floors protected long after the installation.
And at Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home, we go beyond great flooring. Carpet One stores like Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home in Laguna Niguel, CA are owned and operated locally, so we're familiar with the Laguna Niguel area. That's why Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home is dedicated to being a part of the Laguna Niguel community. Ready to begin? Call or visit your Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home store in Laguna Niguel and learn about how we can help you today. We're ready to help make your Laguna Niguel home's new flooring beautiful.
Laguna Niguel, CA
Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home
27751 La Paz Road Suite A
Laguna Niguel, CA92677
Manager: Kevin Hentzen
Hours of Operation:
Mon, Sun, Closed
Tue - Fri, 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.Sat, 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.


text:
Start Comparing Rates within Minutes!
Start Comparing Rates within Minutes and you could save!
Compare Rates Within Minutes!
- Complete 1 short quote form
- Compare rates from top insurers
- Save time & money!
Anthem Blue Cross health insurance rates on the rise across the countryPosted On Thu, February 18, 2010
Health insurance policy holders in a number of states may be in line for increases of their rates, based on the recent actions by some insurers.
One insurer looking to up its rates is Anthem Blue Cross, which recently notified 800,000 customers in California that it would be raising its rates by 39 percent on March 1, according to the Associated Press.
Additionally, some individual policyholders in Maine stand to see increases of 23 percent following a 32 percent hike the year prior.
"The rate request should be denied on its face. It's outrageous," said Greg Howard, the spokesman for Maine Change That Works, according to the AP. "We are in the middle of ... this record-breaking type of recession, and they're doing what they need to guarantee profit margin."
Oregon and Kansas are also in line for similar increases in the next year as well.
The Obama Administration reacted strongly to the news of the proposed hikes and has stepped up pressure to pass healthcare reform that could put an end to the hikes. In a report released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the recent rate increases are described as "disturbing examples of the problems that make reforming our health insurance system more important than ever," Reuters reported.
Feedback or questions? Email the editor here.


text:
Fully Licensed & Bonded
Hotel Fergus Plaza ParÃs is situated in the seaside town of Lloret de Mar, in the heart of the Costa Brava.
Refurbished in 2007, all 150 rooms are provided with fully equipped bathroom, mini-bar (upon payment), satellite TV, heating, air-conditioning, safe and telephone. The modern installations, the staff, as well as the entertainment offered for children and adults will turn your stay into an unforgettable experience.
The Hotel Plaza ParÃs Spa offers a healthy hydrotherapy circuit with stimulating shower, sauna, relax area, swimming pool, outdoor whirlpools, solarium, and two rooms for massages or beauty and physical health treatments. Further hotel amenities include gym overlooking the outdoor swimming pool and garden, with music, air-conditioning and TV-screens.


text:
Gresham North Homes
Gresham North real estate is located east of the city of Portland about a half hour drive away. Residents of Gresham North real estate enjoy living in a suburb city with plenty of housing options from new construction houses and townhomes to older bungalows. Homes for sale in Gresham North offer great options with local amenities and plenty of outdoor activities nearby.
The Springwater Corridor provides endless recreational opportunities with lots of trails for residents of Gresham North real estate. Gresham Station Shopping Center features shops and restaurants just off of the MAX light rail. Search Gresham North real estate, Gresham North homes for sale, and Gresham North condos for sale below.
Neighborhood Information:
City of Gresham Official Website


text:
Barn Owl Boxes
Barn Owls - Organic Rodent Control
As we all strive to find environmentally safe solutions for rodent control, many neighborhoods have the answer waiting to occupy their own backyards – owls. Of the three owl species that can be found year-round in so many of our Los Angeles neighborhoods, Barn Owls have the real ability to help manage rodent populations. Luckily for us, they can be enticed in to our yards when supplied with suitable housing.
Barn Owls occupy a vast range of habitats from rural to urban. This cosmopolitan owl (which is found all over the world) has lived and raised young comfortably around human activity for centuries. Being cavity nesters and roosters, they are reliant on some kind of hollow. The lack of availability of appropriate nesting cavities often limits use of suitable foraging habitat. By offering a cavity in the form of a Barn Owl Box, you give a natural pest control operator a place to base its operations.
Differing from many other owl species, Barn Owls are not territorial and are willing to share their hunting space with other owls. They respond directly to rodent populations by producing the amount of young per brood that the current rodent population can support, sometimes even producing multiple broods. Because of their amazing hunting skills and their ability to have many young, a Barn Owl family of can consume over 2500 rodents per year!
Barn Owl nest boxes are very economical way, in both time and money, to control rodents when compared to poisons and other abatement methods. And because Barn Owls are faithful to their nest sites, they establish rodent controlling populations that require very little human interaction.
Our Wild Wings Barn Owl Box is patterned after a proven predator resistant design. Built by a skilled studio craftsman, we use only ¾" ABX exterior plywood with all joints securely glued and screwed. A 5° sloped roof allows water runoff and large side hinged door provides access for clean-out and inspection. These quality boxes will last many years with little care, as opposed to other inferior boxes being sold online.
Wild Wings offers consultations to see if a Barn Owl Box makes sense in your situation. If it does, join the growing number of Angelinos who are on the leading edge of erecting a network of Barn Owl Nesting Boxes, thus laying down the foundation for establishing breeding populations in our neighborhoods and parks. Once your box is up, let your neighbors know the Barn Owls are coming and to remove their poison bait traps. Become part of the solution of ridding Southern California of first and second-generation rodenticides, thus saving the countless lives of apex predators - from raptors to Mountain Lions to domestic dogs and cats.


text:
This post is ALL about cleaning the cloth pads. I will say there will be some blood colouring but you won't see anything that should make you squeamish.
If you have any additional questions that I haven't answered here or in the previous posts, please reach out to me!
Part One - Your Questions Answered
Part Two - Meet the Pads
Part Three - Caring for Your Pads
Part Two - Meet the Pads
Part Three - Caring for Your Pads
Products I use:
Never worn or soiled pads
Soaking container (make sure it's not clear)
Oxi-clean free (no extra chemicals)
Mesh laundry bag
This is how the process starts. I have my "soiled" pads ready to be cleaned.
I don't measure out the oxi-clean, but using the scoop you can see it's very little for the container size. Pour the oxi-clean into the container (before adding water)
Fill with COLD water! You'll need to stir it a bit and create some bubbles because the oxi-clean will not dissolve without some help. ALWAYS use cold water with pads, because hot water doesn't break down the protein found in blood. I know that seems counterproductive, but it's what I've been told.
I didn't picture me rinsing the pads before adding them to the water, but you rinse them gently to wash off some of the blood.
Let soak for at least 3 hours, I usually do overnight, but they need at least 3 hours.
As you can tell, the water is pretty murky, so dump and begin the wash.
After the soak, I rinse again, and only 3 pads needed the stain stick.
Wet the stain stick and work into the pad, only in the area needed.
Work a good lather and then repeat the process of soaking with OxiClean for the pads that need the additional stain treatment.
Again I didn't get pictures after this step. Once they've soaked again, rinse the stain stick off, and put them in the mesh laundry bag. Wash on cold with normal laundry detergent, air dry.
That's the whole process.
The comfort I have with cloth pads, knowing where they "come from" and the chemicals that are being used on them is priceless.


text:
Our Mission
Generation after generation, we always strive to achieve one meaningful goal: To provide our customers with the very highest quality milk and cheese at a reasonable cost.
Our Story
Swan Bros. Dairy, Inc., began in 1923 by Ruby and Harley Swan, Sr. with one cow. As the years went by, the herd size increased and milk was home delivered in glass bottles to the residents Claremore until the milk route was sold in 1946. Since the cows were not sold, milk from the dairy was sold to the local milk processor. In 1951, Swan Dairy started selling Grade A raw milk in gallon glass bottles at the farm to the public. In 1962, brothers Harley, Jr. and Larry purchased the dairy from their father and continued to market their milk directly to the Claremore community. In 1972, Harley, Jr. and his wife, Dorthy, purchased the rest of the operation from his brother, and they continued selling milk to the community. In April of 1985, we began production of our hand-crafted cheeses, beginning with the Colby cheese. In June of 1985, production of the cheddar cheese and the jalapeno-flavored cheddar cheese began. In February of 1992, the mozzarella cheese was added to our growing list of artisan cheeses. In 2000, our naturally wood smoked cheddar was added to our shelves, and in 2015, naturally wood smoked Colby joined its cheddar counterpart on the ever-growing list of Oklahoma premium cheeses. In the spring of 2016, the farm was passed to the 3rd generation when Harley, Jr. and Dorthy's daughter and son-in-law, Diane and Don Williamson, purchased the operation. Diane and Don's son and daughter, Jason Williamson and Ashley Hollingsworth, with her husband, Zach Hollingsworth, are all set to be the 4th generation to continue the Swan family legacy.
Today, we produce, process and market 100 percent of our milk and cheese products. From our lush green fields and healthy, happy cows to your cold glass of our grade A raw milk or slice of our Oklahoma premium cheese, we strive to provide our customers the highest quality products with every bite and every sip.


text:
New JSNA: This is the test site for the new Joint Strategic Needs Assessment
Children & Young People
Supporting children and young people to have the best start in life and to be as healthy as possible is a key priority for key local stakeholders across Reading. The Local Authority, partners in health and the voluntary sector work collaboratively wherever possible to improve the current and future opportunities for our children and young people.
However, there are many issues that can be seen as barriers that restrict these opportunities. There are significant numbers of children living in poverty, children who are looked after generally are at greater risk of poorer health and need extensive support, there are high numbers of children in need, children with disabilities can be significantly disadvantaged and young carers can miss out from the opportunities that other young people, who don't have a caring role, have.
The All Party Parliamentary Group report - Inquiry: Child Poverty and Health (APPG, 2016) re-affirms that children who are living in poverty are at an increased risk of experiencing poor health outcomes.
Reading's Local Safeguarding Children Board makes sure that key agencies work together to keep local children and young people safe. The Board's role is to safeguard and promote the welfare of children, and ensure the effectiveness of what is done by each agency that works with children. More information can be found in the 'Safeguarding Children' JSNA section regarding local safeguarding issues.
What do we know?
Child poverty
The Child Poverty Act 2010 defines child poverty as follows: "A child is taken to be living in poverty if the child experiences socio-economic disadvantage." By 'socio-economic disadvantage' the government means 'lacking parental resources and/or opportunities to participate in meaningful activities, services and relationships'. In reality this means missing out on school trips, socialising with friends, days out and family holidays.
Translating this into terms that can be measured, child poverty can be summarised as a child living in a household that has less than 60% of the national median income (Child Poverty Act 2010: a short guide, 2014). However, the Government wants to strengthen the child poverty measure to make it relevant in today's society (DWP, 2015).
Reading is the largest urban area within Berkshire, with a population of around 160,000. There has been significant expansion over the last 20 years, changing Reading from a market town to a vibrant city in the making. Despite its prosperity, however, Reading contains some of the most deprived wards in the country. There is a strong relationship between poverty, deprivation and poor health and education outcomes which can reduce opportunities for the local population.
Children in Need
A child in need is defined under the Children Act 1989 as 'a child who is unlikely to achieve or maintain a reasonable level of health or development, or whose health and development is likely to be significantly or further impaired, without the provision of services; or a child who is disabled'.
The Office for Disability Issues (2014) estimates that there are 0.8 million disabled children in Great Britain. This estimate covers the number of children with a longstanding illness, disability or infirmity, and who have a significant difficulty with day-to-day activities. 21% of children in families with at least one disabled family member are in poverty, a significantly higher proportion than the 16% of children in families with no disabled family member.
Young carers
The 2011 Census identified that nationally, there were 177,918 young carers (children under the age of 18 years) providing regular and ongoing care to a family member who is physically or mentally ill, disabled or misuses substances. In reality, this figure is likely to be much higher.
Young carers may be reluctant to identify themselves to services due to concerns about being taken into care or bullying. Most young carers are aged between 10 and 17 years of age with most providing between 1-19 hours of care a week (Office of National Statistics, 2011). However, 8.8% of young carers in 2011 were providing high levels of care (defined as 50 or more hours a week). Similar to adults, young carers are more likely to describe their health as "not good" when compared to young people not providing care. This was particularly likely for young carers providing more than 50 hours a week, who were 5 times a likely to have "not good" health compared to those not providing care (Office for National Statistics, 2011).
Providing a caring role can impact negatively on a young carer's emotional development and their ability to build relationships with others, with young carers being at a higher risk of experiencing depression and self-harm. Young carers may come to light through issues at school, such as poor attendance, lateness and bullying. However, these along with anxiety, fatigue and limited access to extracurricular activities can all manifest themselves in lower educational attainment.
Facts, Figures, Trends
Child poverty
The English Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 provided an updated ranking of all Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in the country, from 1st most deprived to 32,884th least deprived areas. LSOAs are small areas of an average of 1,500 residents each, who share similar economic and social conditions.
A supplementary index was produced alongside this, relating to Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI). This indicates that Reading is in the 6th least deprived decile of local authorities in England (using average score of the Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in the Borough). 6 (6%) of the LSOAs in Reading are in the 10% most deprived in England according to the IDACI measures. Neighbourhoods in Norcot, Church, Whitley and Redlands wards were the most deprived.
Children in poverty (under 16s): this is defined as the percentage of children in low income families (children living in families in receipt of out of work benefits or tax credits where their reported income is less than 60% median income). In 2012, 19.4% of children under 16 were in poverty in Reading (Public health outcomes framework). This is similar to the England figure. Figure 1 below shows the trend over recent years. Reading has been consistently above the England and other areas in the fifth least deprived deciles.
Children in poverty (all dependent children under 20): this is defined as the percentage of dependent children aged under 20 in relative poverty (living in households where income is less than 60 per cent of median household income before housing costs). In 2012, 18.8% of dependent children under 20 were in poverty in Reading. This is higher than the England figure of 18.6% (Public health outcomes framework).
Reading is described in the Child Health Profiles as having a level of child poverty that is worse than the England average, with 22.2% of children aged under 16 years living in poverty. This means that almost 1 in 4 of the children being brought up in the Borough are living in poverty.
Figure 1: Children in poverty (under 16) trends (2006-2012)
Public health outcomes framework
Table 1 below shows that, in 2014, there were 5,560 children aged 18 and under in Reading living in 2,900 households that were claiming out of work benefits.
Table 1: Number of Children living in all Out-of-work Benefit Claimant Households by Local Authority and Age at May 2014
Local Authority
Age 0-4
Age 5-10
Age 11-15
Age 16-18
Age 0-15
Age 0-18
Number of Households
Bracknell Forest UA
Brighton and Hove UA
Isle of Wight UA
Medway UA
Milton Keynes UA
Portsmouth UA
Reading UA
Slough UA
Southampton UA
West Berkshire UA
Windsor and Maidenhead UA
Wokingham UA
Source: DWP - Official statistics (July 2015)
Reading Borough's level of child poverty is above the national average and this has damaging consequences. 30% of Reading Pupils are eligible for pupil premium. This is the highest level in Berkshire where the average is 20%. The Child Poverty Action Group estimates the cost of child poverty in Reading to be £85million per year in cost of services (for example NHS and schools), lost tax receipts, cost of benefits and loss of earnings (Tackling Poverty in Reading: Needs Analysis, 2014).
The Child Poverty Act 2010 defines a child as living in poverty if they live in a household with an income below 60% of the UK median household income before housing costs are deducted and set targets for reducing the overall number in the UK. There is a number of proxy indicators used to estimate the number of children in poverty in local areas.
Children in Low-Income Families
The Children in Low-Income Families Local Measure provides the number and proportion of children living in families either in receipt of out-of-work or in receipt of tax credits where the reported household income is less than 60 per cent of national median income. The snapshot data for 2013 (published November 2015) indicates that 6,230 children in families in receipt of in-work and out-of-work benefits in Reading had a household income of less than 60% of the median, equivalent to 17.8% of children in the borough. This is similar to the percentages for all of England and UK (18.0% and 18.1% respectively), but higher than the percentage for the South-East (13.2%), suggesting that there are patterns of deprivation in Reading that distinguish it from its neighbouring boroughs (HMRC, 2015). An analysis of these figures by ward, shown in Figure 2 below, demonstrates a wide discrepancy between the most and least deprived wards in Reading. The lowest levels occur in Mapledurham (2.7% in 2013), Peppard (6.7%) and Thames (3.8%), and the highest in Whitley (27.2%), Church (25.2%) and Norcot (23.5%).
Further analysis undertaken in Reading's 'Tackling Poverty in Reading' Needs Analysis also examines numbers of children in poverty at Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) and identifies the very highest numbers in the North of Whitley ward and the Amersham Road area of Caversham. There are also high numbers in the South of Whitley, the Northumberland Avenue area between Whitley and Church wards, the Oxford Road area of Battle and Kentwood wards, and the Coley area of Minster ward. The map below in Figure 3 gives a colour coded view of the numbers of children living in poverty across Reading.
Figure 2: Children in low income families by ward, 2011-13
Source: HMRC, 2015
Figure 3: Numbers of children living in poverty by LSOA.
Source: RBC, 2015
Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index
When the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index is used to compare the wards in Reading (Figure 4 below) a slightly different picture to the Children in Low-Income Families measure (Figure 5 below) is produced. This is likely to reflect the inclusion in the IDACI of those who are on low incomes but not eligible for in-work benefits. Local information suggests that Reading may have a higher rate of people in low-paid work than other areas (RBC, 2015).
Figure 4: IDACI score by ward, 2015
Source: Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2015
Using IDACI to analyse LSOAs also produces a slightly different pattern to that seen when using the Children in Low-Incomes Families measure, but both measures indicate areas of high numbers of children in poverty around North Whitley, Amersham Road, South Whitley, Northumberland Avenue and Oxford Road.
Figure 5: Income deprivation affecting child poverty by LSOA, 2015
Source: Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2015
Pupil Premium
The Pupil Premium is the additional targeted funding for publicly funded schools in England to raise the attainment of disadvantaged pupils, closing the gap between them and their peers. Allocation of the Pupil Premium is also used as a proxy to indicate the number of children living in poverty in local authority areas and in schools. 28.4% of Reading pupils are eligible for the Pupil Premium, compared to 22.6% in the South-East and 29.5% for England.
Comparing the proportion of pupils eligible for the Pupil Premium in non-selective, mainstream primary and secondary schools suggests trends in some ways broadly similar to those seen above, with high proportions of eligibility in some Whitley schools, and very low proportions of eligibility in Peppard and Thames wards. It is notable, however, that some wards have both a school with a very high proportion of eligible pupils and a school with a very low proportion of eligible pupils, suggesting a range of levels of income and deprivation amongst those living within these wards.
Table 2: Percentage of pupils eligible for Pupil Premium, 2015-16
10 Reading schools with highest % eligible for Pupil Premium 2015-16
% eligible for Pupil Premium
Total no. pupils
John Madejski Academy (Secondary)
Geoffrey Field Junior School
Whitley Park Primary
Palmer Primary Academy
Ranikhet Primary Academy
Manor Primary School
The Ridgeway Primary School
Meadow Park Academy
Reading Girls School (Secondary)
Moorlands Primary School
Reading schools with lowest % eligible for Pupil Premium 2015-16
Caversham Primary School
St Martins Catholic Primary School
Emmer Green Primary School
The Hill Primary School
Caversham Park Primary School
Redlands Primary School
All Saints COE Infant School
St Johns COE Primary School
Alfred Sutton Primary School
All Saints COE Junior School
Highdown School (secondary)
E. P. Collier Primary School
Park Lane Primary School
Southcote Primary School
Source: Education Funding Agency, Pupil Premium Final Allocations 2015-16, March 2015.
Selective schools, schools for those with special education needs (and 'faith' schools with more restrictive admissions policies) have been omitted)
Looked After Children (LAC)
There were 210 looked after children (LAC) as of 31 March 2014, a decrease of 7% (225) compared to 31 March 2013 and a decrease of 2% (205) compared to 31 March 2010. The number of LAC has decreased steadily over the past five years and is now at its lowest since 2010.
The rate of LAC in Reading per 10,000 is 60 which is now the same as the national rate (Figure 6 below). At local authority level the rate varies significantly. The highest is Blackpool where the rate is 152 and Wokingham is the lowest, at 20.
Figure 6. Rate of LAC per 10,000 Children, Reading and England, 2010-2014
Figure 6. Rate of LAC per 10,000 Children, Reading and England, 2010-2014
Source: Department for Education 2014
The age profile of children who are looked after at 31 March 2014 has been relatively stable since 2010. The largest age group is 10 to 15 year olds, which made up 38% of looked after children at 31 March 2014. There has been a slight increase in the percentage of 16 and over, from 18% in 2010, to 21% in 2014. These trends are in line with the age breakdown of all children.
Table 3 below shows the number of new LAC entrants per month from April 2014 - March 2015. There were a total of 94 new LAC entrants for this period and a further breakdown of numbers by age bracket follows below:
Table 3: LAC entrants per month
Age range
Number of LAC entrants per month
Under 1
Aged 1 - 4
Aged 5 - 9
Aged 10 - 15
Aged 16+
Source: Reading Borough Council, Children's Services
There has been a slight downward trend for each age category. Under 1's are higher as this age range is removed from the home whilst the social worker is carrying out the assessment as they are usually too vulnerable. It is positive to see that early identification and analysis of risk has led to protective measures being taken for the most vulnerable group; that of babies. Greater awareness of 'The Southwark Judgement' is likely to underpin the comparatively large number of 16+ young people entering care.
Emotional well-being of LAC is a good proxy measure of how young people are coping while being looked after and understanding future risk of experiencing mental health problems. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is used to assess emotional well-being of LAC aged 5 - 16. Scores are submitted to a national database which allows comparisons to other regions. The higher the score the higher the risk. Figure 7 below shows that Reading scores are consistently higher than the England average; however, the gap is narrowing. Continued emotional support for LAC in Reading should help to maintain the downward trend and continue to narrow the gap.
Figure 7. Emotional well-being of LAC, Reading and England, 2010/11-2013/14
Source: Department for Education 2014
The majority of LAC - 67% (45) in 2014 - are provided with a service due to been abused or suffering neglect. The reasons why looked after children are provided with a service have been relatively stable since 2010 and are shown in figure 8 below.
Figure 8: Number of children looked after by behaviour need - Jul 2014 - Mar 2015
Source: Department for Education, 2015
The chart above shows a high number of looked after children with BESD (Behaviour, Emotional and Social Difficulties) compared to the other behavioural need definitions. BESD is the highest recorded category - there is consequently a range of complex and chronic difficulties experienced by many children and young people and as such requires support not just for the child but for the family also.
The majority of LAC in Reading are categorised as white British (Figure 9 below). Reading serves a very diverse community, so demographically these figures could be under-representative locally. This data is not reflective of whether we are meeting the BME group needs when it comes to safeguarding children. BME communities don't always present to children's services so we must question this data and ask ourselves whether we are able to challenge behaviours when there is a cultural difference.
Figure 9: LAC Ethnicity data
Source: Purple Book, 2014
Table 4 compares Readings LAC ethnicity data to that of England's average. Although the BME population looked after is greater than the England average there is a view that this still shows an unmet need in terms of young people from BME communities who actually should be looked after locally.
Table 4: Ethnicity data for England and Reading 2014/15 (Purple Book, 2014)
Comparative Data
% White
If a child has more than one assessment in the year then each instance is recorded.
Statutory guidance 'Working Together to Safeguard Children' (DfE, 2015) gives guidance on inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. It was recently revised to give local authorities more flexibility when assessing children. In Reading, the majority of cases are assessed within 11-20 days (21%) and 1-10 days (20%). Still there are 17% of cases which are 45+ days to complete. This could be associated with staff's high caseloads and absence.
Figure 10 - Factors identified at the end of assessment for episodes in the year ending 31 March 2015
Figure 10 – Factors identified at the end of assessment for episodes in the year ending 31 March 2015
Source: Children in Need Census
Figure 10 above shows the factors identified at the end of an assessment. There could be more than one factor recorded for an assessment. 46% of recorded factors relate to domestic violence however 42% of recorded factors are for 'other factors'. The high percentage in this category is indicating recording of factors may need to be improved so that actual reasons identified.
There were a total of 579 children that were subject to Section 47 enquiries which started in the period 2014/15 (Figure 11 below). Of these, 301 children were the subject of a child protection conference.
Figure 11 - Number of children who were subject to section 47 enquiries and initial child protection conferences, year ending 31 March 2015
Source: Children in Need Census
Of the 301 children subject to a child protection conference, 191 were started within 11-15 days. A longer duration of 16-20 days and 21+ days is mainly due to family and social worker availability to attend conferences.
During 2014/15, 252 children became the subject of a child protection plan, of these 122 children were recorded as being neglected - this is 48% of cases as shown in figure 12 below. Of the 252 children who were subject to a child protection plan, 60 of these (23.8%) became the subject of a plan for a second or subsequent time. This indicates that support may have been withdrawn too early. Some parents also disguise compliance and are not ready to have the support withdrawn.
Figure 12 - Number of children who became the subject of a child protection plan during the year ending 31 March 2015, by initial category of abuse.
Figure 12 – Number of children who became the subject of a child protection plan during the year ending 31 March 2015, by initial category of abuse
Source: Children in Need Census
Children in Need (CIN)
On 31st March 2014, there were 1499 children in need (CIN) in Reading and has risen since the previous reporting period. This is a rate of 432.5 per 10,000 children, significantly higher than the national rate and the rate for Berkshire. Figure 13 below shows that Reading's rate has consistently been higher over recent years. 157 of Reading's CIN had a disability, which was 10.5% of all CIN. At the same time, 154 children were the subject of a child protection plan in Reading. This is a rate of 44.4 per 10,000 children, compared with a national rate of 42.1.
Figure 13. Children in need per 10,000 population - 2011 to 2014
Figure 13. Children in need per 10,000 population – 2011 to 2014
Source: Department for Education, 2014
This data shown in Figure 14 below shows the number of CIN and episode starts/finishes. It tells us that we are good at getting interventions to children and families to prevent them from going into mainstream child protection services. Targeted support for a short period of time are been put in place i.e. open and close cases within a year.
Figure 14 - Numbers of CIN and episode status - 2014/15
Figure 14 – Numbers of CIN and episode status – 201415
Source: Children in Need Census
A further breakdown of disability as recorded at 31.03.15 is available. 11.3% of children in need had a recorded disability (Figure 15 below).
Figure 15: Number of children in need and with a disability at 31.03.15
Source: Children in Need Census
Figure 16 below shows a higher proportion of children in need with a disability of autism/ Asperger followed by those with a learning difficulty.
Figure 16: Number of children in need by disability at 31.03.15
Source: Children in Need Census
When a child is referred to children's social care with a request for services to be provided, an assessment is carried out. If it is deemed the child needs services, then the main reason why the child started to receive services is recorded as their primary need.
Figure 17 below highlights that 48% of the primary needs at assessment are for abuse or neglect. 21% of primary needs at assessment are not stated and again reflects a need to improve recording of actual reasons of the primary needs at assessment.
Figure 17 - Children in Need by Primary Need at Assessment at 31.03.15
Source: Children in Need Census
The duration of episode of need is calculated using the difference between the referral date and the CIN closure date. 61% of cases are no longer children in need within 3 months or less, which is positive in Reading. This means that Social Workers are assessing children within a short timeframe and ensuring adequate and appropriate resources are in place for the child. 10% of long term open cases are still children in need after 2 years as they are mostly CIN disabled and they need support for their life time. On average, 23% of referrals we receive either monthly or yearly are repeat referrals.
Figure 18 - No. of Children ceasing to be in Need at 31.03.15 by reason for case closure
Source: Children in Need Census. (*Missing/Unknown includes data from case closed after assessment and unreliability in coding).
97% of cases ceasing to be categorised as a CIN are due to 'other including no longer child in need'. The child's needs are no longer meeting the thresholds as appropriate support services have been put in place.
The Department for Education publishes a quarterly estimate of the proportion of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET), based on the Labour Force Survey. The latest data release included information for 2014/15 Q3 (Oct-Dec 2014) at an England level. At this time, the percentage of NEET young people fell across all summary age groups in England and was the lowest on record for 16-18 year olds. The 16-18 NEET rate fell to 7.0%, the 19-24 rate fell to 15.9% and the overall 16-24 rate fell to 13.1%. For both 16-18 and 19-24 year olds, this change was driven by a fall in the proportion of those not in education or training (NEET) and a rise in the employment rate of the NEET group (ONS, 2016).
An indicator to measure the proportion of 16-18 year olds who are NEET is included in the Public Health Outcomes Framework. This indicator is published annually and uses the average proportion of NEETs between November and January each year. In 2013/14, 6.3% (270) of 16-18 year olds in Reading were NEET. This is a significant improvement on 2012/13's figure, but is still significantly worse than the national figure of 5.3% (PHE, 2014).
Figure 19 and Table 5 show the percentage of 16-18 year olds known to the Local Authority who were NEET for the end of 2013/14. The NEET data used is an average from the end of November 2013, December 2013 and January 2014. This data relates to where young people live, rather that the area that they attended school or college. For Reading, the average rate was 6.7% of 16 to 18 year olds who were NEET, a decrease from 8.4% in 2012/13. This is still higher than the national average but lower than the average of Local Authorities with similar levels of deprivation. The decrease is to be welcomed, however, caution must be taken when benchmarking data. There are significant fluctuations in the numbers of young people where NEET/EET activity is recorded as 'Not Known' by authorities. The 'Not Known' percentage for Reading in 2012 was 2.8%. The average 'Not Known' percentage for South East was 13% in 2012. The higher the percentage of 'Not Known' is, the less reliable the NEET data becomes. Data for the comparator deprivation decile is currently only available for 2013.
Figure 19: 16 to 18 year olds not in employment education or training 2011 to 2015
Figure 19
Table 5: 16 to 18 year olds not in employment education or training 2011 to 2013
Deprivation decile
Source: Public Health England, Public Health Outcomes Framework. (Ind. 1.05)
Young Carers
A recent health needs assessment for carers across Berkshire provides a detailed summary of carers needs in Reading (PH services for Berkshire, 2015). Figure 20 below shows that, in 2011, there were 1,157 young and young adult carers in Reading aged 0-24 years. The majority of these young people are highly likely to be missing out on experiencing a 'normal' childhood. Their education could be impacted, they may be suffering from stress and they may not be as healthy as they should be.
Figure 20: Number of unpaid carers in Reading by age group (2011)
Source: HNA for carers across Berkshire: Reading
The chart below in figure 21 shows that 4.8% of children and young adults in Reading aged 0 to 24 have a caring role. Providing a caring role may have an additional detrimental impact on the health and wellbeing of this group of individuals.
Figure 21: Percentage of Reading residents who provided unpaid care by age group (2011)
Source: HNA for carers across Berkshire: Reading
57.6% of young carers in Reading were female, which is comparable with the overall figure of 56.5% for all carer age groups.
Figure 22 below shows the amount of care provided by Reading's young carers, split by ages 0-15's and ages 16-24. In 2011, the vast majority of young carers provided up to 19 hours of care per week. 30 young carers aged 15 or under provided 50 hours or more of care a week. 107 carers aged 16 to 24 also provided this same level of care.
In both age groups, there were a higher number of carers providing 50 or more hours a week, compared to those providing 20-49 hours a week.
Figure 22: Percentage of Reading residents who provided unpaid care by age group (2011)
Source: HNA for carers across Berkshire: Reading
The 2011 census provides ward-level data for the number of young carers in Reading. These range from 1.4% of the under 25 population in Thames ward to 2.7% in Church ward. The distribution of young carers across Reading is different than the distribution of adult carers, which may be a reflection of the different age profiles for each ward. (ONS, 2011)
Most (56.7%) are providing unpaid care for their mother, with a further 28.8% caring for a sibling and 11.9% caring for their father. Mental health conditions are the most common condition cared for with 33.4% of identified young carers in Reading providing care for someone with this need (Figure 23 below).
Figure 23: Conditions that young carers in Reading are providing unpaid care for
Source: Young Carers project
National & Local Strategies (Current best practices)
- Working Together to Safeguard Children 2015
- The Children's Act 1989
- Reading Local Safeguarding Children Board
- Domestic Abuse Strategy for Reading 2015-2018
- Strategy to Safeguard Children and Young People at Risk of or Experiencing Sexual Exploitation in Reading 2014 - 2017
- Reading Early Help Strategy 2013-2016
- Reading LSCB Neglect Protocol 2015
Child poverty
A review of local authority implementation of the Child Poverty Act by the charity Child Poverty Action Group identifies the following as key features of effective child poverty strategies:
- High level political commitment, backed up by a board within the local authority taking clear responsibility for developing the strategy.
- A strategy that is built on the assessment of drivers of child poverty identified within the child poverty needs assessment, including parental worklessness, levels of education within the borough and housing need.
- A strategy that is built on consultation with children, young people and parents
Reading Borough's Sustainable Community Strategy (2011) highlights that addressing the persistent gap between the most affluent and most deprived neighbourhoods in Reading, which fuels a range of social issues associated with poverty, is a key challenge.
Reading Borough Council has a Child Poverty Strategy with 4 strands. These reflect the approach in the national Child Poverty Strategy and provide a useful framework:
- Improving Life Chances - breaking the cycle.
- Supporting those who can't work / on low incomes - income maximisation.
- Increasing Employability / Addressing Low Income - up-skilling and employment support.
- Creating Sustainable Communities - improving quality of life in our more deprived communities.
Recent National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) (Nelson and O'Donnell, 2012) identifies 3 key elements to effective national policy strategy including:
- Macro-economic funding for youth training and employments opportunities including tailor-made bespoke programmes;
- fiscal stimuli to encourage employers to employ young people;
- central responsibility and co-ordination to reduce NEET
There has been a tendency for local strategies to focus on what activity Local Authorities, information, advice and guidance, and learning providers and young people themselves can do to address NEET. The research above suggests that there is a need to consider what local labour markets, employers and businesses can offer, for example, through local enterprise partnerships (LEPS) to support young people into EET and to address the significant mismatch between young people's aspirations and the opportunities available. The focus needs to be on building links with the local labour market at a strategic level - to simplify and encourage opportunities for employees to work with young people, who are NEET, engage local employers in strategy development, support planning officers to work with employers to create opportunities, research the local issues leading to NEET and develop better targeted support. (Nelson and O'Donnell, 2012)
There are a range of approaches needed to engage the different cohorts of young people who are NEET. Recent NFER research (Spielhofer et al.,2009) identified three discreet sub-categories of NEET young people aged 16-17 :
- 'Open to learning' - young people with high levels of attainments and positive attitudes towards school and learning and who are most likely to re-engage; need no or low level access to Information, Advice and Guidance.
- 'Sustained' - young people who have had higher levels of truancy and exclusions and lower attainment and are most likely to remain long term NEET; who require high cost targeted support.
- 'Undecided' - young people who have reasonable attainment levels but are dissatisfied with the available opportunities. This group need appropriate and timely IAG and help with focus and direction.
Nelson and O'Donnell (2012) highlight that a well co-ordinated strategy for engagement or re-engagement, especially where young people have deeply entrenched barriers is needed to address NEET. Research undertaken by the Local Government Association and others (GHK Consulting, 2009) suggests a series of cross cutting issues to achieving engagement and reducing NEET percentages.
Reading's Strategy for supporting NEET prevention/reduction
The development of the City Deal Strategy will inform and drive the overarching strategy for improving employment and skills outcomes in Reading. A key focus is on labour market interventions targeting young people (ages 16-24) with the objective to simplify pathways and systems to help deliver better outcomes.
A revised NEET strategy will be developed in this context. The interim NEET plan's primary aim was to reduce the number of young people Not in Education, Employment or Training in Reading and to support local and regional plans that Raise the Participation Age (RPA) to 17 in 2013 and 18 in 2015.
It primarily focuses on 16-18 NEET, but has some cross over with regard to pre-16 and over 18 year old work. The strategy sets out five key aims, which Reading Borough Council and its partners endeavour to meet in order to achieve local NEET reduction:
- Prevent NEET and act early on disengagement.
- Understand the cohort and ensure a focus on performance.
- Diversify and open up the learning offer with a focus on the most vulnerable.
- Strengthen partnership working.
- Ensure young people have access to good quality support when they need it most.
A broad range of activity is delivered in Reading to support young people into education, employment and training (EET) including. The multi-agency NEET
Task Group's role is to oversee the implementation of the local strategy.
The provision for tracking and monitoring young people's NEET/EET activity and careers information, guidance (IAG) and support for young people aged 16 - 19 who are NEET and vulnerable young people at risk of NEET is commissioned by the Local Authority and is provided by Adviza (formerly Connexions Berkshire). Other key activity includes:
- Raising Participation Partnership - work with schools, training providers and employers to prepare for the introduction of 'Raising the Participation Age' by Central Government which requires that all 16 and 17 year olds and are either in education or training by 2013.
- Productive Pathways Project - Development of a virtual platform and Gateway portal for 16-24 year olds.
- Apprenticeship steering group.
- Careers Leads Group - Supports schools to deliver on quality IAG.
- Implementation of the RONI (Risk of NEET Indicator) to help schools target those most at risk.
- Post 16 Transition Group to provide pathways vulnerable young people into EET.
- Range of volunteer mentoring schemes; alternative learning and engagement activity delivered by a range of providers across Reading; work pairing at Reading College; delivery of the Youth Contract for a specific cohort of 16-17 year olds.
Young carers
The Reading Young Carers Project is provided through Reading Borough Council and includes a weekly support group for carers of different ages (5-19 years) during term time. A Young Carers project screening tool has been developed which allows for assessment of the young carer in line with the Children and Families Act 2014 and takes a whole family approach to the needs of the young carer.
Within the school nursing team in Reading, a School Nurse Champion for Young Carers has been identified and attended training as provided by the Carers Trust. The school nurse champion for young carers is working closely with schools and the young carers service in order to raise the profile of young carers and disseminating information and training about young carers to the rest of the school nursing team.
The Young Carers Pathway was launched in 2014 as a model approach for school nursing, education, local authorities and young carers service to work together. The pathway aims to provide a visible, accessible and confidential service for young carers, promoting partnership working and thereby promoting positive physical and emotional wellbeing for young carers. As school nursing teams are in a unique position to be able to offer support to young carers, the Department of Health has been training School Nurse Champions for Young Carers.
The Carers Trust and The Children's Society Young Carers in Focus partners have jointly developed the Young Carers in Schools initiative across England, aiming to equip schools to support young carers and then awarding good practice. The step by step guide helps schools to identify and support young carers and the expert regional networks.
What is this telling us?
Child poverty
While Reading appears to have a similar proportion of children living in poverty as the national average and slightly higher than its neighbouring localities, analysis of data at ward, LSOA and school level suggest considerable differences amongst the local population and highlights areas around Whitley ward, Amersham Road, Northumberland Avenue, and Oxford Road where children appear to be much more likely to be living in poverty than elsewhere in the borough.
Looked After Children
The number of looked after children and young people can vary from month to month, as children and young people move in and out of the system. Younger children are more likely to become LAC as they are very vulnerable and need to be removed while the assessment process is undertaken (they can be placed with other family members). This enables more time for the social worker to work and assess the family and their behaviours as a whole.
In March 2015, only 27% of LAC were in Reading Borough Council placements, excluding Family and Friends. The use of Fostering Agencies over the same period was 37%.
As at the 31st March 2015, comparing the rate of LAC per 10,000 of the population, Reading was at the same rate as its statistical Neighbours and the England average (60 per 10,000), however this is higher than the South East rate which sat at 48.2 per 10,000.
There is a need to develop a clearer more robust and well co-ordinated strategy for Reading to address NEET. This needs to include:
- A focus on building links with the local labour market at a strategic level to simplify and encourage opportunities for employees to work with young people and engage local employers in strategy development. The development of the City Deal will drive this.
- Communication processes to improve opportunities for NEET young people, raise awareness of the local offer, identify links between initiatives for vulnerable young people; enterprise development and employer support and involve local Information Advice and Guidance in schools.
- The development of an employment and skills gateway to create skills and opportunities for 16-24 year olds including a one stop shop for young people.
- A clear plan of the best practice approaches to address the needs of the three distinct sub-categories of NEET young people.
- A distinct plan to engage and reengage the long term NEET and those with entrenched barriers.
There is a significant level of service and activity that will benefit from improved co- ordination. This combined with more robust outcomes focused delivery and monitoring will enable a more cohesive approach to improving EET and needs to be reflected in the strategy.
Young Carers
The young and young adult carers are distributed differently across Reading than older carers. This may have consequences for service provision. While most young carers are providing between 1-19 hours of unpaid care a week, over 10% are providing a high level of care (50+ hours a week). Young carers in Reading show a marked increase in poor health when compared to young people who are not providing unpaid care.
What are the key inequalities?
Child poverty
Reading Borough is characterised by extremes of wealth and poverty in a small geographic area and widely varying outcomes in terms of educational achievement, income, life expectancy, health and well-being and exposure to criminal activity. In many cases these impacts are inter-generational resulting in a cycle of deprivation passing from parents to children. Poverty is a key driver of these cycles and high levels of child poverty are a key consequence.
Looked after Children
The Looked After Children's Sufficiency Statement Strategy 2015-2017 demonstrates how RBC plans to take steps that secure, as far as reasonably practicable, sufficient accommodation within the local authority area which meets the needs of children that the local authority is looking after. The lack of local placements in the Reading Borough Council area is demonstrated by the fact 33% of Looked After Children are placed more than 20 miles away from their home address. Whilst this may be a positive reason (such as children in adoptive placements or in specialist residential settings) this overall percentage figure is too high and must be reduced.
It is important that children and young people live locally so that they can remain in contact with their family and community and retain stability in education provision and receive local health services.
There are specific cohorts of young people who are more likely to become NEET. In Reading:
- The numbers fluctuate, but over 40% of teenage parents were NEET in Reading during 2012/13.
- The target for young people with Learning Difficulties or Disabilities (LDD) to Education, Employment or Training (EET) ages 16-24 is 70%. The figure in Reading has consistently exceeded in 80%.
- There are disproportionately high percentages of young people who are Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) in Whitley, Church and Abbey Wards. In May 2013, 17% of the NEET cohort resided in Reading.
- The BME / NEET data has not shown consistent themes in the last two years.
- The tendency is for white young men and Black and White Caribbean young men to be overrepresented in the NEET Cohort.
What are the unmet needs / service gaps?
Child poverty
The risks of poverty, material deprivation and wider disadvantage are much higher in families where no one works. For a child in a workless household, the risk of being in relative poverty (59%) is far higher than the risk for children in families where all adults work (8%) (Child Poverty Needs Assessment Toolkit).
Despite an unemployment rate below the national average, Reading continues to have pockets of structural unemployment in a predominantly high growth economy. This potentially puts Reading in a much stronger position to have a positive impact than many other parts of the country. This is associated with under achievement and low skill levels that also drive a more widespread issue of low income amongst the employed. So whilst work may be the best route out of poverty it is not of itself necessarily sufficient.
Of particular concern in the current climate are opportunities for young people and the prospects for lone parents.
The monitoring of outcomes for young care leavers and young carers needs to be improved. Recent measures to improve the sharing of information and links between the Local Authority and Adviza for these 2 cohorts are seeking to address this.
Young Carers
The Family Action Report in 2012 "Be Bothered! Making education count for young carers" highlighted gaps in awareness and recognition of the extra needs of young carers at school with only 44% of responding teachers stating their school did an adequate or good job supporting young carers. In addition, 49% of young carers stated that their school work had been affected by being a young carer. Identification is key as without the appropriate support, young carers have significantly lower educational attainment at GCSE level that their peers and are more likely than the national average to be not in education, employment or training (NEET) between the ages of 16 and 19 years (Hidden from View, 2013).
This section links to the following sections in the JSNA:
Deprivation by Ward and Lower Super Output Area
All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) (2016). Inquiry: Child Poverty and Health - the impact of the Welfare Reform and Work Bill 2015-16. [Online]/ Available at: http://www.fph.org.uk/inquiry%3A_child_poverty_and_health_%E2%80%93_the_impact_of_the_welfare_reform_and_work_bill_2015-2016
Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) (2015). The English Indices of Deprivation. (DCLG). Available at:https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/465791/English_Indices_of_Deprivation_2015_-_Statistical_Release.pdf [Accessed 21 December 2015]
Department for Education (DfE) (2015). Working together to safeguard children
A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/working-together-to-safeguard-children--2
Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) (2015). Press release: Government to strengthen child poverty measure. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-to-strengthen-child-poverty-measure
Freer M, Shiers D, Churchill D, Friel J (2010) Meeting the mental health needs of young people: a GP's perspective. In Goldie I (ed) Public Mental Health Today. A handbook (pp. 241-258). Brighton, Pavillion Publishing / Mental Health Foundation.
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) (2015). Commentary accompanying the Children in Low-Income Families Measure. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/464247/2013_Children_in_Low-Income_Families_Local_Measure.pdf [Accessed 21 December 2015]
GHK Consulting (2009). Identifying effective practice in raising young people's aspirations. On behalf of the Learning and Skills Council. Available at: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/11137/1/nat-raising_aspirations-re-24sep2009-v1-1.pdf
HMRC (2015). Children in Low-Income Families 2013 by Local Authority. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/464224/3_CPI_2013_-_Local_Authorities.xls [Accessed 21 December 2015]
House of Commons Library (2014). Child Poverty Act 2010: a short guide. Available at: http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN05585/SN05585.pdf
Nelson, J. and O'Donnell, L. (2012). Research report. Approaches to supporting young people not in education, employment or training - a review. [Online]. Available at: https://www.nfer.ac.uk/publications/RSRN01/RSRN01_home.cfm
Office for Disability Issues (2014). Disability prevalence estimates 2011/12. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/321594/disability-prevalence.pdf
Office of National Statistics (2011). Providing unpaid care may have an adverse affect on young carers' general health. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/detailed-characteristics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/sty-young-unpaid-care.html
Public Health Services for Berkshire (2015). Health needs assessment for carers across Berkshire: Reading. [Online]. Available at: https://search3.openobjects.com/mediamanager/reading/enterprise/files/reading_-_health_needs_assessment_for_carers_final.pdf
Reading Borough Council (RBC) (2015). Tackling Poverty in Reading: Needs Analysis. RBC.
Spielhofer, T., Benton, T., Evans, K., Featherstone, G., Golden, S., Nelson, J. and Smith P. (2009). Increasing Participation: Understanding Young People Who Do Not Participate in Education or Training at 16 and 17 (DCSF Research Report 072). London: DCSF.
Social mobility and child poverty commission (2015). State of the nation 2015: social mobility and child poverty in Great Britain. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/485926/State_of_the_nation_2015__social_mobility_and_child_poverty_in_Great_Britain.pdf
In this area
- JSNA Profiles
- Antenatal & Newborn Screening
- Antimicrobial resistance
- Autism
- Birth predictions over coming years
- Breastfeeding Rates
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Carers
- Child Development at Two to Two and a half years
- Child Sexual Exploitation
- Children & Adolescent Mental Health
- Children & Young People
- Common causes of death & disability
- Communicable Diseases
- Dementia
- Deprivation by Ward and Lower Super Output Area
- Diabetes
- Disability & Special Education Needs Assessment 2016
- Drugs & Alcohol
- Early access to antenatal care
- Early Years Foundation Stage Attainment
- Employment
- End of Life
- Ethnicity
- Excess Winter Deaths
- Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
- General Wellbeing
- Gypsies & Travellers
- Infant Mortality
- Learning Disabilities
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Trans (LGBT) People
- Life Expectancy
- Liver Disease
- Loneliness and social isolation in Reading
- Long Term Conditions in Children & Young People
- Long term neurological conditions
- Maternity
- Mental health
- Migration
- Obesity - adult & child
- Offenders
- Oral Health
- Perinatal Mental Health
- Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment
- Physical Activity
- Physical Disability
- Population Change
- Poverty
- Preventable Sight Loss
- Public Health Annual Report
- Reading Clinical Commissioning Group Profiles
- Residential & Nursing care provision
- Respiratory
- Safeguarding children
- Safeguarding adults
- School life
- Sexual Health
- Smoking
- Smoking in Pregnancy
- Smoking in Young People
- Social & Environmental Context
- Suicide & Self Harm
- Teenage pregnancy rates
- Tuberculosis
- Veterans
- Ward profiles
- Young Offenders