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Use of self-employed contractors about to get riskier
Government crackdown on falsifying employment status should prompt checks now
Growing evidence that some companies falsely classify staff supplied through agencies and other intermediaries as self-employed has led to a concerted drive to stamp out this practice. The government recently consulted on new rules designed to prevent the cloak of self-employment being used to dodge tax and national insurance payments. However, HMRC's tax reform proposals on the use of 'onshore employment intermediaries' are so wide in scope that they may affect many legitimate business arrangements.
New test
The current HMRC employment test focuses on the degree of supervision and control exercised by the client for whom an individual works. Other potentially relevant indicators of employment status include whether or not the individual has a right to substitute others to perform the work. However, the use of complicated contract provisions that seek to permit, while also controlling, such substitution may soon be a thing of the past. The government is proposing what it sees as a simpler test that will apply to companies involved in the supply of services through individuals whom they do not employ. Effectively, if these individuals are not already subject to PAYE and are under anyone's 'supervision, direction or control', the company responsible for supplying them will also become responsible for deducting tax and NI from their pay.
Unfortunately, the apparent simplicity of the proposed new test masks a number of uncertainties and complexities. In its response to the consultation document, the Employment Lawyers Association (ELA) highlighted the danger that all sorts of business-to-business relationships may be caught by the new test, not just those involving employment agencies and employment businesses. Many different parties in a long contractual chain between clients and different employment businesses could be involved in exercising direction, supervision or control over individuals who would otherwise be regarded as self-employed. Potentially, any of those parties could be liable to operate PAYE, even though others in the chain have more direct involvement with the individual's work.
The concept of 'direction, supervision or control' also appears so broad as to cover almost any requirement or request for the individual to do something. The proposals include a presumption that workers are under direction or supervision unless shown otherwise. The result is that many individuals formerly treated as self-employed will now be regarded as employees for tax purposes if they are supplied through an intermediary - but not if they are engaged directly.
The viability of existing arrangements with employment businesses that depend on the self-employed tax status of individuals performing contracted work will need to be scrutinised by those involved immediately. Employers should expect some difficult negotiations on future rates. Now would be a good time to dig out existing supply contracts and examine who is responsible if an individual's tax status is challenged, each party's rights on terminating the arrangements, and whether there is any scope to vary the price.
Employment businesses may insist their clients provide some form of assurance that they are not exercising supervision, direction or control over 'self-employed' individuals. Clearly, this is something clients will normally wish to resist.
Individual contractors may have a strong incentive to engage directly with clients, rather than through employment businesses. But will clients wish to manage such relationships and take on the risk of an employment status challenge?
Organisations currently involved in supplying individuals who are not their employees to other companies should also now be considering their response to the forthcoming changes.
It remains to be seen whether the government will reassess these proposals in the light of responses to its consultation. In the meantime HR professionals would be well advised to prepare for a new regime in which the use of self-employed contractors is likely to carry more risk and expense than it does currently.


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text:
Bitter blow as energy bills hit a record high
CONSUMERS are being warned to brace themselves for higher energy bills after E.ON became the last of the big six suppliers to announce winter price rises.
E.ON had placed a freeze on price increases until the end of the year but on Monday said it was hiking gas and electricity prices by 8.7 per cent from January 18.
Its average dual-fuel bill will go up from £1,260 a year to £1,370, according to uSwitch.com, which warned that this increase of £110 was enough to make it the most expensive supplier for standard cash and cheque customers.
Ann Robinson from uSwitch said: "This is a bitter blow for consumers who will now ring in the New Year with higher energy costs."
This is a bitter blow for consumers who will now ring in the New Year with higher energy costs
Once all rises are in force, a typical UK household energy bill will be a record £1,400, said EnergyHelpline.com.
"This is the highest in history, and Government green policies look likely to keep pushing it higher," said Mark Todd from EnergyHelpline.com.
For those looking for a fixed deal, Todd picks out the New Energy Fixed tariff from Ovo Energy with an average cost of £1,172. He also picks out the Blue+ Price Promise June 2014 from EDF costing £1,182.
"You need to switch now," said Todd. "The remaining good deals won't be around for long."
Audrey Gallacher from Consumer Focus added that energy efficiency is the single most effective way to cut household bills.


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Geoff Evans is somewhat of a local celebrity in Whitwellshire, where he can often be seen cycling around the countryside. His letters to the Worksop Guardian have become infamous over the years for their strange syntax and esoteric subject matter, and they now been collated and published on the Hub. He also looks like Bodger from 'Bodger and Badger'. Read, enjoy, and click 'Like'!
Many of his earlier letters are missing from the Archives, so if you have any older material please send it to zd [at] zduk [dot] co [dot] uk.
I'll leave you with one of his finest letters, dating from 2005 or 2006, in which Geoff defies the cycling ban, admires black pheasants, disputes that they actually are black, compares them to Notts County FC and then ends on an unrelated note about cycling. This is why I love the man.


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The Effective and Efficient Clinical Negligence Expert Witness
by Michael R Young BA BDS MSc
Forewords by: Lawrence Aitken, Dental Expert Witness and Mike Hill, Barrister
Have you have ever wondered what a clinical negligence expert witness does, or thought about becoming one yourself? Or are you a clinical expert witness who wants to make sure their work is watertight in court?
Clinical negligence expert evidence is tough. Your view will be challenged, picked over and, in some cases, simply attacked. In those circumstances this book will be invaluable to you. It will prevent you from making mistakes in the first place and it will assist you when it is wrongly suggested that you have.
Michael Young has written a clear framework within which novices and experts alike can develop their skills, knowledge and their practice. His book sets out what a clinical negligence expert witness will be expected to know and what they will be expected to do. More importantly, it shows you how to do it well: how to engage with solicitors, set your fees and, most importantly, how to write good English. You will find real reports written by real experts and also audio material in which practising experts talk openly about their experiences, giving you a greater insight into this challenging role.
"This work deserves to become the Vade Mecum for the clinician acting as an expert witness." Academy of Experts
This work deserves to become the Vade Mecum for the clinician acting as an expert witness.— Academy of Experts
- Paperback and e-book versions available
- Published October 2014
- Price: £60
Click here to order a copy
Lawrence Aitken,
Mike Young has written an excellent book for the aspiring, novice and the more experienced clinical negligence expert witness, in what for many doctors and dentists can be a very confusing, intimidating but fascinating area of work. The book is primarily aimed at the clinician who is perhaps thinking of moving into the arena of medico-legal work. If you like the idea of analysing case histories, reading the medical literature and writing reports for lawyers, and are either already involved, or are seriously interested in, working as a clinical negligence expert witness then this book is definitely for you.
After completing an MS degree in restorative dentistry at the University of Michigan, I commenced my practising life in the West End of London. This was prior to the establishment of prosthodontics as a specialty; however, referrals needing specialist care soon started to arrive. Eventually the inevitable happened and I received a letter from a solicitor who was actually a patient, asking me to assess a potential negligence case they had recently taken on. I wish this book had been around then as I had no idea how to approach a situation such as this. The solicitor sent me an initial letter of approach and asked me to consider the case. It appeared to be an interesting challenge so rather naively I took it on. Not knowing how to do a Causation and Liability report, I investigated the case as if I were doing a clinical consultation. But with a great deal of help and guidance from the solicitor and using all my clinical expertise and knowledge, I finally wrote and handed over the necessary report to the solicitor. However, in retrospect, the case took me a very long time, not least when it came to writing the report. I don't mind admitting that I floundered, not knowing what the format or the layout should be. I was like a fish out of water.
This book is important because it covers in great detail every area that is relevant, necessary and important to the clinician acting as an expert witness. It tells you how to engage with solicitors, set your fees and, most importantly, how to write good English. It covers the macro and microstructure of a report plus the structure of the two main types of clinical negligence reports – the Causation and Liability and the Condition and Prognosis reports – and also shows you how to write Screening reports and Combined reports. There is even a useful section about writing reports for the General Dental Council or the General Medical Council. A huge amount of preparation goes into writing a report and it can be time consuming. You charge for your time so it is important that you manage it well and Mike details thoroughly how to do this. With his help you should be able to reduce the time spent writing each report, whilst becoming more effective and efficient. I cannot think of any aspect of the work and role of the clinical negligence expert witness that this book does not cover.
Mike has brought this new edition up to date by including a helpful appraisal of the Jackson Report and how this will affect the expert witness. At the end of the book Mike provides examples of real case reports. These will prove invaluable aids for the new or inexperienced expert. This is a book that every clinical negligence expert should read, as well as medical negligence solicitors who might need to point their experts in the right direction. Above all, the book is of a manageable size, well laid out and a very easy read. It is far from being 'dry' by including many anecdotes from Mike's own career that are laced with humour. If you are involved in clinical negligence or wish to become an expert witness then this is definitely the book for you.
Lawrence Aitken
Dental Expert Witness
Mike Hill,
I am delighted to have been asked to write a foreword to the second edition of this important book. The very fact that there are two forewords tells us something: that this is an area of expertise that sits in the no- man's land between medicine and law. The lawyers can know a lot about medicine and dentistry. After all, it is really only the theory that requires to be known. The doctors and dentists can know about the law should they read a few dozen books, but there is a unique breed of professionals that knows medicine or dentistry and knows what the lawyers need to know.
What do the lawyers want or need from an expert? It is all too easy to lose sight of that. What is required is evidence. The courts thrive on evidence; without it, there is no justice. The judge wasn't present at the time that the dispute arose. So the court devours and analyses in minute detail the evidence the parties put before it to assess the disputes of fact. And, in many cases, that is all the evidence that is needed.
But in a medical negligence case, the judge cannot reach a conclusion even when the facts have been determined because they are no expert in medicine or dentistry. They require assistance in assessing the standard to which the defendant is to be compared. And that is the role of the expert witness: to present that evidence to a judge so that a judge may apply the facts that he or she has found, to that standard.
That job of course, in modern litigation, is done largely in writing and that is why the expert report has become the central pillar of the expert witness's work. But many forget that it does not end there. The vast majority of expert reports will go no further but some will undoubtedly end up in a trial. This book never loses sight of that because it allows the reader to get the report right first time, each time.
This is a practical, insightful guide written by the best of teachers – experience – through Mike's words. Mike has plenty of it and it is great to see that it is being put to such good use. And it is needed too. Clinical negligence expert evidence is not a sport for wimps. Your view will be challenged, picked over and, in some cases, simply attacked. In those circumstances this book will be invaluable to you. It will prevent you from making mistakes in the first place and it will assist you when it is wrongly suggested that you have.
So why do it if it's so tough? Because challenging is the bedfellow of rewarding. To be tested and to get it right brings professional satisfaction every bit as real as the curved root canal fully obturated or the medically anxious child bearing a post-operative smile. There is always an end beneficiary. Be it the defendant clinician wrongly criticised and professionally worried or the injured claimant who has lost what cannot be replaced, someone always benefits hugely when justice is done. And justice cannot be done without expert witnesses. So, if you have never carried out such work, I urge you to do so and you'll be glad you have this book with you when you do. And if you've written a hundred reports I guarantee you'll learn something you didn't know and that your work will be all the better for it.
I just wish there was a book called How to Cross-examine the Effective Expert Witness.
Mike Hill
Trinity Chambers
Contents List
Section 1: Context
- What is an expert witness?
- What you need to know
- What is an expert report?
- Why the Data Protection Act 1998 is important
- The Jackson reforms
Section 2: Preparation
- Finding work
- Where does the work come from?
- Writing an effective CV
- Your skills as an expert witness
- Marketing yourself
- Price: setting your fees
- Promoting yourself
- Professional indemnity insurance
- Writing effective letters
- Improving your written English
- Managing your time
- Managing your cases: paper versus technology
- Terms of Business
- Continuing professional development
Section 3: The sharp end
- Your first instructions
- Making notes
- Macrostructure of a report
- Microstructure of a report
- Sources of evidence
- The screening report
- The liability and causation report
- The clinical negligence clinical examination
- The current condition and prognosis report
- The combined report
- Writing a report for the General Medical Council or General Dental Council
- Editing and redrafting
- What's next?
- The barrister
- The case conference
- The experts' meeting
- Court appearances
- Getting paid
- Finishing off
- Summary
- Exercise: criticism of sample reports
- Example of a screening report
- Example of a liability and causation report
- Example of a current condition and prognosis report
- Useful contacts
- Index
Recommended Text for Expert Witnesses :
"I have now read both editions of this text and can say that not only is it is an excellent book for established witnesses to refer to as a refresher, but is a superb text for those starting out in expert witness work.
Despite the title, this is not just relevant to those in clinical negligence, as the format for other types of professional report will often be similar. The style of writing is engaging and simple to understand, but does not seek to patronise the reader. It is certainly not written in an overly dry and academic style, and the knowledge and experience of the author shine through easily. The book is well laid out, and the order of the chapters follow a logical path.
The introduction to the concepts of both Bolam and Bolitho is especially important in a book of this type as those at the start of medico-legal careers may not be familiar with these important cases yet. The book also discusses the recent Jackson Report and in particular how it will affect the expert witness in the modern world.
The use of examples throughout the book from the author's years of experience in the field is invaluable, and whilst obviously anonymous, these are suitably detailed such that the reader can understand easily the concepts introduced. There are also useful anecdotes about various pitfalls to look out for. Example reports and layouts are also included, which are most useful in seeing how a good report should be laid out.
The book not only deals with the types of report that an expert will be required to produce, but also with business aspects such as billing, terms and conditions, and very importantly, time management. "
I thoroughly recommend this book to any person looking into writing expert witness reports…..:
Having read and used Michael Young's previous offering on writing expert witness reports, I was interested to see this new book.
It is an outstanding document for any doctor or dentist involved in the expert witness field, providing help and guidance for new and experienced writers.
I thoroughly recommend this book to any person looking into writing these challenging and rewarding expert witness reports.
The title of this book encapsulates what is inside:
Any medic or dentist with one eye on working as a clinical negligence expert witness will find everything they need about how to be a brilliant expert. The book covers everything I can think of that the expert needs and should know to discharge their duties to the legal profession. I like the layout, which is uncluttered. The author's writing style is very user friendly, which I found easy to get on with and so I could read the whole book in one sitting. I have not come across another book that deals with the subject as comprehensibly as this one does.
I would recommend The Effective and Efficient Clinical Negligence Expert Witness to anyone who is thinking about moving into expert witness work. I think the more experienced expert would also find the book very useful.
The British Dental Journal:
"The key elements fundamental in becoming an excellent expert witness are summarised in a coherent fashion by Dr Young. The aspiring medical or dental expert witness will not find a better guide and I recommend this book without reservation."
The medical charity Action Against Medical Accidents:
'It is a comprehensive account of all aspects of acting as an expert witness, including report writing, P35 meetings and court appearances'. They also 'recommend it to Lawyers' Service members … in order to refer experts to specific sections'.
Balanced and informative read for all clinicians:
As an experienced Expert Witness, I read Michael Young`s book wondering what I might learn. As it happens, it put a lot into perspective and made me think further about my individual practice - not just as an Expert but as a General Dental Practitioner too. In particular, Michael reminded me to take a more balanced and open view of events and to put forward more than one explanation.
This will be really helpful reading for all young dentists and open their eyes to the world of litigation and I can be sure that anyone reading this will be a safer and more effective practitioner as a result. Written with an open style that should not be daunting to anyone, I highly recommend this book to all.
Buy this book!:
This book is just what any aspiring expert witness needs. It clearly and precisely takes the reader through the potential maze of producing professionally written reports that may be used in negligence and personal injury cases. I have my first report to write and having this book by my side along the way is proving invaluable.all.
Buy this book!:
This book is just what any aspiring expert witness needs. It clearly and precisely takes the reader through the potential maze of producing professionally written reports that may be used in negligence and personal injury cases. I have my first report to write and having this book by my side along the way is proving invaluable.all.
A good place for the aspiring Expert Witness to start:
As a clinical psychologist with training and experience in Expert Witness work, I was very interested to read this book - which is essentially a Beginner's Guide to Expert Witness work for doctors and dentists - and judge its usefulness for a different clinical discipline.
When I was beginning Expert Witness work, I should have liked to have read this book which goes into great detail about the context of the job and the tasks involved in the role. I liked the down-to-earth, practical advice on how to prepare for the work and, particularly, the way the author helps the would-be Expert to adopt realistic expectations of the rewards and demands of the job.
Many of the themes - writing your CV, marketing your service, effective writing - can be studied at greater length and depth in other writings, if required, and I liked the way the author gave links to internet and other sources. Psychologist Expert Witnesses would also benefit from using other professional resources specifically addressing their needs and the author has given references to other training courses where these might be found.
I recommend this book. It is a helpful and reader-friendly resource which has its place on the shelf of any aspiring Expert Witness.
Easy to read and understand for novice and experienced experts!:
This easy to read page-turner is a must read for all experts in the field of clinical negligence, as well as those writing reports for personal injury.
As an AHP expert I tend not to get involved with liability, causation, condition and prognosis, but the first half of this book remained relevant to the quantum reports I write and reiterates and refreshes the importance of the duties and obligations I have as an expert under the CPR Part 35 and its associated practice direction. The latter half is not as directly relevant to me; however it is useful in terms of understanding what is expected of the rest of the team of experts.The style and flow of the book is great, and offers clear and pertinent information and examples.
I would recommend this book to all experts writing liability, causation, condition and prognosis reports because reports written as per this text would certainly facilitate the subsequent recommendations I make when relying on such medical evidence.
Essential reading for anyone wanting to enter the world of Clinical Negligence work:
This is a book written by a dentist for dentists. I think it should be read not only by dentists wanting to enter the "lions den" of clinical negligence work as an expert witness but also new and experienced dentists so they understand how the legal system works around clinical negligence cases. In this modern world of dentistry we can all expect to get a letter from a solicitor at least once in our careers and to know how the process works not only for the expert witness but also how the solicitors and barristers operate is important. This easy to read publication gives us this, plus the addition of the author's own experience makes this an extremely useful book.
Having done expert witness work for many years the opening sections of the book brought back memories of how I felt when I started out and the questions that I needed answering. As a busy general dental practitioner and father, fitting in expert witness work can be difficult and it is important to know the obstacles ahead and plan for what can be long and challenging work.
This book can answer those questions and how to put together the different reports that solicitors require is essential for the first few cases. The examples at the end of the book are great. It also helps you understand the most important part of the work, how to get paid correctly for the hours of work you will have to put in!
This book is essential reading for any young or old dentist wanting to enter into clinical negligence work as an expert witness.
Essential reading:
This book is essential reading for anyone entering the arena of clinical negligence expert witness work, and as an an aide-memoir for those already established in the field. The chapters are well organised, and the book contains up to date information. There is good practical advice and plenty of guidance on the structure of the types of reports required. All in all a very valuable book.
Buy this book:
Very useful for the professional wanting to start out on the expert witness path.
Sample Chapter
What you need to know
This is not a legal textbook; however, as an expert you will need to know about the civil legal process, and you will need to have a very good understanding of the legal tests that lawyers apply in clinical negligence claims. You must also know about the Civil Procedure Rules Part 35 (CPR 35, or sometimes abbreviated to Part 35), which sets out how a case is to be effectively and efficiently managed by the solicitor and the expert.
CPR 35 covers the following aspects of your work:
● your duties as an expert
● the range and scope of your expert advice
● the terms of your appointment
● how the solicitor will instruct you
● how you should accept instructions
● when and how you can withdraw from a case
● what you must include in your reports
● what happens after the solicitor has received your report
● under what circumstances you can amend a report
● how discussions between experts are to be conducted
● your attendance at court.
There is so much information about CPR 35 on the Internet, not all of it relevant to clinical negligence, that to save time I would ask for guidance from the instructing solicitor as to exactly what are your legal terms of reference, and your role and responsibilities. The solicitor should only give you the bits that are relevant to you.
The first thing to understand is the concept of duty of care. Every clinician owes a legal duty to his or her patients to exercise reasonable care and skill in diagnosing, advising and treating them. The law imposes this duty independently of any contract with the patient and arises out of the doctor or dentist's assumption of responsibility to provide care for the patient. It does not matter whether the clinician is treating a patient under the National Health Service or privately, that duty of care still holds true. The clinician breaches his or her duty of care if he or she fails to meet the standard of care required by law. Breach of duty of care is also known as negligence. The basic test for negligence is whether the defendant's conduct was reasonable in all the circumstances. (The defendant is the doctor or dentist being accused of negligence.)
However, the word 'negligence' has particular meaning for lawyers. It does not simply mean carelessness. A mistake is not necessarily negligent. Negligence in a legal sense can only be found where three things are established.
1. Fault. For solicitors to establish a claim they have to show that the investigation or treatment in question fell below the standard of a reasonably competent practitioner in the relevant field. The test for assessing criticism of the investigation or treatment is whether the allegations can be justified 'on the balance of probabilities' (more likely than not) rather than the more rigorous proof 'beyond reasonable doubt' (amounting effectively to certainty) required in criminal cases. It may be a defence to show that a substantial body of reputable practitioners in the relevant field would have
carried out the investigation or treatment in the same way as the defendant did. The existence of a body of reputable practitioners who would have carried out the investigations or treatment as the defendant did is not of itself a defence. The court will decide which body of expert advice it prefers, and, in addition, the court is entitled to consider whether the practice was responsible.
2. Causation. The solicitors have to show that it was this fault, or these faults, in the investigations or treatments that caused, or materially contributed to, the injury complained of. In other words, what difference has the faulty investigations or treatments made?
3. Damage. The solicitors need to be able to show that the injury is one for which the law will provide compensation. In general terms, compensation will be paid in cases where fault and causation have been established and where damage has occurred.
The standard of care expected of a professional person, such as a doctor or dentist, is that of a reasonable professional. The test of professional negligence is known as the Bolam test.
The test is the standard of the ordinary skilled man exercising and professing
to have that special skill. A man need not possess the highest expert skill at the
risk of being found negligent … it is well established law that it is sufficient if
he exercises the ordinary skill of a competent man exercising that particular art.
What this means for the expert witness is that you have to remember that you are not judging the doctor or dentist's work by the standard of the most experienced or highly qualified practitioner in his or her field. A general practitioner must be judged by the standards expected of a reasonably competent general practitioner. Likewise, a consultant (in whatever specialism) should be judged against the standards of a reasonably competent consultant. The expert must always compare like for like.
However, there is a second part to the Bolam test:
A doctor [or dentist] is not guilty of negligence if he has acted in accordance
with a practice accepted as proper by a responsible body of medical men skilled
in that particular art … Putting it the other way around, a doctor [or dentist] is
not negligent if he is acting in accordance with such a practice, merely because
there is a body of opinion that took a contrary view.
Just because there are two ways of doing something does not mean that one of them is wrong. However, it is not as straightforward as that. Expert medical opinion will not be simply accepted by the court but, rather, it must withstand logical analysis:
The court has to be satisfied that the exponents of the body of opinion relied upon can
demonstrate that such an opinion has a logical basis. In particular in cases involving, as
they so often do, the weighing of risks against benefits, the judge before accepting a body
of opinion as being responsible, reasonable or respectable, will need to be satisfied that, in
forming their views, the experts have directed their mind to the comparative risks and
benefits and have reached a defensible conclusion on the matter.
This is the essence of the Bolitho test, which as an expert you must also know about.
What this all comes down to is that, as an expert, you have to be able to ascertain whether or not the doctor or dentist breached his or her duty of care, such that the care and/or treatment the doctor or dentist gave fell below an acceptable standard, i.e. liability. You will then have to consider whether or not the substandard care and/or treatment caused physical injury and financial loss and expense, i.e. causation. There are two further questions you might want to ask yourself:
1. How should a reasonable, responsible and respectable body of medical/dental practitioners have conducted themselves?
2. Can I provide a logical explanation for what was actually done (or omitted), knowing all of the facts of the case?
Before the publication of the Woolf Report (Access to Justice) in 1996 civil litigation had always been slow and expensive, which naturally favoured those with the most money. The whole process was run by the litigants and not by the courts.
You can read about the Woolf reforms and their impact on the civil litigation process on the website of the Law Society Gazette (see www.lawgazette.co.uk/50942.article).
More recently, the Jackson Report (Review of Civil Litigation: Final Report) was another attempt to control costs and speed up the civil litigation process.
There are two things in the report that have a direct bearing on your work.
First, the costs in a case must be proportionate to the overall value of the case. Gone are the days when the expert could expect to be paid £2000 in a case that was only worth £3000. The people footing the bill (more often than not an insurance company) are now more likely to tell you how much they are going to pay you rather than you telling them how much you want.
Second, the courts will be sticking to very strict deadlines for the submission of expert reports and will impose harsh penalties, such as your evidence being struck out, if it is delivered out of time. I will discuss how you can survive in the post-Jackson era later; for now let's look at the post-Woolf era. Typically, the stages in a clinical negligence claim and expert involvement are as follows.
1. The individual (potential claimant) approaches a solicitor.
2. The solicitor accepts the potential claimant's instructions.
3. Funding will be confirmed.
4. The solicitor will begin his or her investigation by obtaining the relevant medical and/or dental records and instructing an appropriately qualified expert, or experts, to advise, possibly only on a preliminary basis at this stage. The solicitor may initially only instruct one expert, but others may be needed later in complex cases. An initial screening report, which is not for disclosure to the defendant's lawyers, may be required, as might a clinical examination of the claimant.
5. If the investigations support a claim of negligence, the solicitor sends a Letter of Claim to the potential defendant's representatives in accordance with the Pre-Action Protocol.
6. The defence is allowed a set time (as set out in the Pre-Action Protocol) in which to respond to the Letter of Claim with what is called a Letter of Response. The defendant may obtain expert advice before he or she serves the Letter of Response.
7. Some cases might be settled at this stage. If no Letter of Response is received, or if some issues remain in dispute, then an expert or experts will be instructed by the claimant's solicitor to provide a CPR 35 or 'court-compliant' report clarifying issues of liability and causation. A court- compliant report dealing with the claimant's current condition and prognosis might also be required. Sometimes a combined report dealing with all of these issues is prepared. These first reports, sometimes called draft reports, despite being CPR 35 compliant, are not usually disclosed to the defendant's lawyers.
8. Once the claimant's solicitor is in receipt of the liability and causation report or reports, and if liability has been denied, he or she will instruct a barrister to draft the Particulars of Claim. The barrister relies on the expert's liability and causation report when drawing up the Particulars of
9. The Particulars of Claim are sent to the defendant's representatives.
10. The barrister will also prepare a Preliminary Schedule of Loss, setting out the claimant's past and anticipated future financial losses. The barrister relies on the expert's current condition and prognosis report when drawing this up.
11. After proceedings are served, the court will hold a 'case management conference' – a hearing to set the procedural timetable for the future conduct of the claim. Dates for the exchange of factual evidence, the exchange of expert evidence, and for the experts to meet will be fixed at this meeting. Solicitors should inform the experts they instruct of the various deadlines on the case, including when a trial date has been fixed. All parties will be asked for their unavailability, usually for a given 3- month trial window.
12. The defendant's barrister will draft a defence based on the defendant expert or experts' evidence. This must be served within so many days of service of proceedings as set out under CPR 15.
13. Factual evidence will be exchanged in accordance with the court timetable. If acting for the claimant, you will be expected to consider the defendant's factual evidence and you may need to amend or expand your draft report, which is then disclosed to the defendant's lawyers, accordingly. The factual evidence may have no effect on your opinion, it may confirm your initial view, or it may cause you to change your view. It is important that if you change your view you must tell your instructing solicitor as soon as possible.
14. Experts' reports are exchanged between the claimant's and the defendant's lawyers. You will be given a copy of the defendant's expert's report and will be asked to comment on it.
15. Agendas for experts' meetings are drawn up and agreed by the lawyers. Areas of agreement and disagreement between the experts are identified.
16. The experts meet to try to narrow the issues.
17. Unless the defendant admits liability and/or unless the case settles, the case will proceed to trial. Sometimes expert evidence can be agreed and experts may not need to attend trial to give evidence. The case only proceeds to trial if the differences are significant and cannot be resolved. You won't be involved in the day-to-day management of a case, but you should be aware of what goes on behind the scenes, as it were.
If you are new to expert witness work, ask a solicitor for guidance notes on the legal aspects of your role. The majority of law firms are only too happy to provide these, as it saves their time (and yours) by ensuring that everyone involved in a case knows exactly what they are supposed to be doing and when they are supposed to do it.
The law is not static: it is constantly evolving, so keep up to date. One way of doing this is to become a member of an expert witness organisation. You should also periodically ask your instructing solicitors if there have been any significant changes to the guidance for experts.
- Further Information
- Author's Introduction
- Forewords
- Contents List
- Reviews
- Sample Chapter
- Expert Interviews


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This is your chance to live in downtown Annapolis and have 2 side by side parking spaces! You will be surrounded by old world charm, be able to walk to everything Annapolis has to offer and have 2 parking spaces! This fully renovated 3 bedroom, 2 1/2 bath home has all the charm of an historical home mixed with modern conveniences of today. Sit on your front porch and watch the world go by, relax in the fenced backyard, cozy up to the gas fireplace in the living room and entertain your friends in the gourmet kitchen and adjacent dining room. You will love the 3 spacious bedrooms and 2 bathrooms upstairs, the front bedroom has an awe inspiring view of the capital dome. Upgrades: Renovated kitchen, new appliances, new washer & Dryer, renovated mud room, interior storm windows for improved energy efficiency, new water heater, new electric panel and much more... Welcome Home!
Built-Ins, Chair Railing, Crown Molding, Curved Staircase, Master Bath(s), Upgraded Countertops, Shades/Blinds, Wood Floors
Dishwasher, Disposal, Dryer, Icemaker, Microwave, Oven-Self Cleaning, Oven/Range-Gas, Range hood, Refrigerator, Washer
Northrop Realty, A Long & Foster Company
|Price Reduced
|$25,000 (3.45%)
|Price Reduced (from $750,000)
|$25,000 (3.33%)
The listing content relating to real estate for sale on this web site is courtesy of MRIS. Listing information comes from various brokers who participate in the MRIS IDX.Properties listed with brokerage firms other than Coldwell Banker Chesapeake are marked with the MRIS Logo and detailed information about them includes the name of the listing brokers.The properties displayed may not be all the properties available. All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified.All listing information copyright MRIS 2019.
Listing information last updated on November 18th, 2019 at 10:01am EST.


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On a break
I've been on a break from triathlon for a while. It started as a self-imposed break to give my body a bit of a break after training for two ironmans in two years… Continue reading
I've been on a break from triathlon for a while. It started as a self-imposed break to give my body a bit of a break after training for two ironmans in two years… Continue reading
Thanks to Facebook's "on this day" app, I was reminded of where I was 2 years ago today. It was the beginning of what was supposed to be my race week at Ironman… Continue reading
It is October 19th and there are 19 days left until Ironman Florida–a race I have waited for 3 years to conquer. It's getting real people!!! I did my last long ride yesterday… Continue reading
Back to feeling well this week so jumped on the road to Ironman Florida, again. I seriously question my sanity on a regular basis and then I hit a good workout and remember… Continue reading
Sometimes you need a reminder of who you are and why you do what you do…today I got that reminder! I will be quite honest, it has been much harder to train this… Continue reading
I learned long ago to never say never. When I started running several years back, I remember saying to myself/out loud/who knows?! "I'll never do a triathlon." When I started doing triathlons shortly… Continue reading
As the Fourth of July is smack dab in the middle of summer, it usually falls in the middle of some training schedule. For the past few years it's allowed me to get… Continue reading
If there's one thing for certain, it's that nothing is certain, at least in Ironman training, and while that may seem pretty pessimistic, I would classify it more as realistic. From my experience… Continue reading
So this is what Ironman training feels like again?! By Friday I felt like a truck had hit me. I know I will get a little more used to all of this but… Continue reading
To be quite honest I have tried to start the season a couple of time over the past couple of months. Was signed up for a half marathon that I never got to… Continue reading


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Get on stage at TNW Conference Europe as one of Europe's fastest-growing companies
Tech5 is back for its 2015 edition. The competition, co-hosted by Adyen, celebrates the fastest-growing tech startups in Europe. The goal of Tech5 is simple: to bring successful European companies the exposure they deserve by spotlighting their momentum with local media, and give them a chance to share their experiences of growing their company.
We announced the opening of the application process at the start of the month and the deadline, set for the 28th of February, is fast approaching.
On the Big Stage
So why should Tech5 be on your radar? The top 5 fastest-growing companies from each participating country will get listed right here on the TNW blog. All companies that make it into the top 5 list of their country will get an invitation to attend the TNW Conference Europe in April.
It doesn't stop there. The top company from each country will be invited to speak at the TNW Conference Europe. Not only does that mean you'll be present at one of the largest tech conferences on the continent – but you'll secure time on stage, standing shoulder-to-shoulder with the other Tech5 country winners to share your experiences and opinions.
If all of that sounds good to you, make sure to go and apply. We've already gathered over 100 applications, but there's always room for more.
You can nominate your company (or a company you believe should participate) for Tech5 here. Missed last year's Tech5? Check out our wrap video below.
Read next: Musikki opens up real-time music database to app developers


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Neuro science
From Bioarchitecture.org
Neuroscience is a field that is devoted to the scientific study of the nervous system. Such studies may include the structure, function, evolutionary history, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system. Traditionally it is seen as a branch of biological sciences. However, recently there has been a surge in the convergence of interest from many allied disciplines, including cognitive- and neuro-psychology, computer science, statistics, physics, and medicine. The scope of neuroscience has now broadened to include any systematic scientific experimental and theoretical investigation of the central and peripheral nervous system of biological organisms. The methodologies employed by neuroscientists have been enormously expanded, from biochemical and genetic analysis of dynamics of individual nerve cells and their molecular constituents to imaging representations of perceptual and motor tasks in the brain.
Neuroscience is at the frontier of investigation of the brain and mind. The study of the brain is becoming the cornerstone in understanding how we perceive and interact with the external world and, in particular, how human experience and human biology influence each other.
The scientific study of the nervous systems underwent a significant increase in the second half of the twentieth century, principally due to revolutions in molecular biology, neural networks and computational neuroscience. It has become possible to understand, in exquisite detail, the complex processes occurring inside a single neuron and in a network that eventually produces the intellectual behavior, cognition, emotion and physiological responses.
|The task of neural science is to explain behavior in terms of the activities of the brain. How does the brain marshal its millions of individual nerve cells to produce behavior, and how are these cells influenced by the environment...? The last frontier of the biological sciences--their ultimate challenge--is to understand the biological basis of consciousness and the mental processes by which we perceive, act, learn, and remember. — Eric Kandel, Principles of Neural science, fourth edition
The nervous system is composed of a network of neurons and other supportive cells (such as glial cells). Neurons form functional circuits, each responsible for specific tasks to the behaviors at the organism level. Thus, neuroscience can be studied at many different levels, ranging from molecular level to cellular level to systems level to cognitive level.
At the molecular level, the basic questions addressed in molecular neuroscience include the mechanisms by which neurons express and respond to molecular signals and how axons form complex connectivity patterns. At this level, tools from molecular biology and genetics are used to understand how neurons develop and die, and how genetic changes affect biological functions. The morphology, molecular identity and physiological characteristics of neurons and how they relate to different types of behavior are also of considerable interest. (The ways in which neurons and their connections are modified by experience are addressed at the physiological and cognitive levels.)
At the cellular level, the fundamental questions addressed in cellular neuroscience are the mechanisms of how neurons process signals physiologically and electrochemically. They address how signals are processed by the dendrites, somas and axons, and how neurotransmitters and electrical signals are used to process signals in a neuron.
At the systems level, the questions addressed in systems neuroscience include how the circuits are formed and used anatomically and physiologically to produce the physiological functions, such as reflexes, sensory integration, motor coordination, emotional responses, learning and memory, et cetera. In other words, they address how these neural circuits function and the mechanisms through which behaviors are generated. For example, systems level analysis addresses questions concerning specific sensory and motor modalities: how does vision work? How do songbirds learn new songs and bats localize with ultrasound? The related field of neuroethology, in particular, addresses the complex question of how neural substrates underlies specific animal behavior.
At the cognitive level, cognitive neuroscience addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by the neural circuitry. The emergence of powerful new measurement techniques such as neuroimaging (e.g.,fMRI, PET, SPECT), electrophysiology and human genetic analysis combined with sophisticated experimental techniques from cognitive psychology allows neuroscientists and psychologists to address abstract questions such as how human cognition and emotion are mapped to specific neural circuitries.
Neuroscience is also beginning to become allied with social sciences, and burgeoning interdisciplinary fields of neuroeconomics, decision theory, social neuroscience are starting to address some of the most complex questions involving interactions of brain with environment.
Neuroscience generally includes all scientific studies involving the nervous system. Psychology, as the scientific study of mental processes, may be considered a sub-field of neuroscience, although some mind/body theorists argue that the definition goes the other way — that psychology is a study of mental processes that can be modeled by many other abstract principles and theories, such as behaviorism and traditional cognitive psychology, that are independent of the underlying neural processes. The term neurobiology is sometimes used interchangeably with neuroscience, though the former refers to the biology of nervous system, whereas the latter refers to science of mental functions that form the foundation of the constituent neural circuitries. In Principles of Neural Science, nobel laureate Eric Kandel contends that cognitive psychology is one of the pillar disciplines for understanding the brain in neuroscience.
Neurology and Psychiatry are medical specialties and are generally considered, in academic research, subfields of neuroscience that specifically address the diseases of the nervous system. These terms also refer to clinical disciplines involving diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Neurology deals with diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and stroke, while psychiatry focuses on mental illnesses. The boundaries between the two have been blurring recently and physicians who specialize in either generally receive training in both. Both neurology and psychiatry are heavily involved in and influenced by basic research in neuroscience.
History of Neuroscience
Evidence of trepanation, the surgical practice of either drilling or scraping a hole into the skull with the aim of curing headaches or mental disorders or relieving cranial pressure, being performed on patients dates back to Neolithic times and has been found in various cultures throughout the world. Manuscripts dating back to 5000BC indicated that the Egyptians had some knowledge about symptoms of brain damage.
Early views on the function of the brain regarded it to be a "cranial stuffing" of sorts. In Egypt, from the late Middle Kingdom onwards, the brain was regularly removed in preparation for mummification. It was believed at the time that the heart was the seat of intelligence. According to Herodotus, during the first step of mummification: 'The most perfect practice is to extract as much of the brain as possible with an iron hook, and what the hook cannot reach is mixed with drugs.'[citation needed]
The view that the heart was the source of consciousness was not challenged until the time of Hippocrates. He believed that the brain was not only involved with sensation, since most specialized organs (e.g., eyes, ears, tongue) are located in the head near the brain, but was also the seat of intelligence. Aristotle, however, believed that the heart was the center of intelligence and that the brain served to cool the blood. This view was generally accepted until the Roman physician Galen, a follower of Hippocrates and physician to Roman gladiators, observed that his patients lost their mental faculties when they had sustained damage to their brains.
In Al-Andalus, Abulcasis, the father of modern surgery, developed material and technical designs which are still used in neurosurgery. Averroes suggested the existence of Parkinson's disease and attributed photoreceptor properties to the retina. Avenzoar described meningitis, intracranial thrombophlebitis, mediastinal tumours and made contributions to modern neuropharmacology. Maimonides wrote about neuropsychiatric disorders and described rabies and belladonna intoxication.[1]
Studies of the brain were became more sophisticated after the invention of the microscope and the development of a staining procedure by Camillo Golgi during the late 1890s that used a silver chromate salt to reveal the intricate structures of single neurons. His technique was used by Santiago Ramón y Cajal and led to the formation of the neuron doctrine, the hypothesis that the functional unit of the brain is the neuron. Golgi and Ramón y Cajal shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for their extensive observations, descriptions and categorizations of neurons throughout the brain. The hypotheses of the neuron doctrine were supported by experiments following Galvani's pioneering work in the electrical excitability of muscles and neurons. In the late 19th century, DuBois-Reymond, Müller, and von Helmholtz showed neurons were electrically excitable and that their activity predictably affected the electrical state of adjacent neurons.
In parallel with this research, work with brain-damaged patients by Paul Broca suggested that certain regions of the brain were responsible for certain functions. This hypothesis was supported by observations of epileptic patients conducted by John Hughlings Jackson, who correctly deduced the organization of motor cortex by watching the progression of seizures through the body. Wernicke further developed the theory of the specialization of specific brain structures in language comprehension and production. Modern research still uses the Brodmann cytoarchitectonic (referring to study of cell structure) anatomical definitions from this era in continuing to show that distinct areas of the cortex are activated in the execution of specific tasks.
ref: Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed. Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, Thomas M. Jessel, eds. McGraw-Hill:New York, NY. 2000.
Andrea Vesalius (1514-1564) René Descartes (1596-1650)
Major Branches of Neuroscience
Current neuroscience research activities can be very roughly categorized into the following major branches, based on the subject and scale of the system in examination as well as distinct experimental approaches. Individual neuroscientists, however, often work on questions that span several distinct subfields.
|Major Topics and Concepts
|Experimental and Theoretical Methods
|Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
|behavioral genetics, neurocytology, glia, protein trafficking, ion channel, synapse, action potential, neurotransmitters, neuroimmunology
|PCR, immunohistochemistry, patch clamp, voltage clamp, molecular cloning, gene knockout, biochemical assays, linkage analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization, Southern blots, DNA microarray, green fluorescent protein, calcium imaging, two-photon microscopy, HPLC, microdialysis
|Behavioral Neuroscience
|biological psychology, circadian rhythms, neuroendocrinology, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmitters, homeostasis, dimorphic sexual-behavior, motor control, sensory processing, photo reception, organizational/activational effects of hormones, drug/alcohol effects
|animal models (gene knockout), in-situ hybridization, golgi stain, fMRI, immunohistochemistry, functional genomics, PET, pattern recognition, EEG, MEG
|Systems Neuroscience
|primary visual cortex, perception, audition, sensory integration, population coding, pain, spontaneous and evoked activity, color vision, olfaction, taste, motor system, spinal cord, sleep, homeostasis, arousal, attention
|single unit recording, intrinsic signal imaging, microstimulation, voltage sensitive dyes, fMRI, patch clamp, genomics, training awake behaving animals, local field potential, ROC, cortical cooling, calcium imaging, two-photon microscopy
|Developmental Neuroscience
|axon guidance, neural crest, growth factors, growth cone, neuromuscular junction, cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, cell survival and apoptosis, synaptic formation, motor differentiation, injury and regeneration
|Xenopus oocyte, protein chemistry, genomics, Drosophila, Hox gene
|Cognitive Neuroscience
|attention, cognitive control, behavioral genetics, decision making, emotion, language, memory, motivation, motor learning, perception, sexual behavior, social neuroscience
|experimental designs from cognitive psychology, psychometrics, EEG, MEG, fMRI, PET, SPECT, single unit recording, human genetics
|Computational and Theoretical Neuroscience
|cable theory, Hodgkin-Huxley model, neural networks, voltage-gated currents, Hebbian learning
|Markov chain Monte Carlo, simulated annealing, high performance computing, partial differential equations, self-organizing nets, pattern recognition
|Neuroscience of Diseases and Aging
|dementia, peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord injury, autonomic nervous system, depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, addiction, memory loss
|clinical trials, neuropharmacology, deep brain stimulation, neurosurgery
|Neural engineering
|Neuroprosthetic, brain-computer interface
|language, Broca's area, generative grammar, language acquisition, syntax
Major Themes of Research
Neuroscience research from different areas can also be seen as focusing on a set of specific themes and questions. (Some of these are taken from http://www.northwestern.edu/nuin/fac/index.htm)
- Behavior/Cognition/Language
- Biological Rhythms
- Brain Imaging or neuroimaging
- Cell Biology
- Cell Imaging & Electrophysiology
- Computational neuroscience
- Development
- Hearing Sciences
- language
- Learning/Memory
- Mechanisms of Drug Action
- Molecular Neuroscience
- Motor Control
- Neurobiology of Disease
- Neuroendocrinology
- Neuroimmunology
- Signal transduction
- Systems Neuroscience
- Universal Grammar
- Vision Sciences
- Neurobiology of the neuron
- Sensation and perception
- Sleep
- Autonomic systems and homeostasis
- Arousal, attention and emotion
- Genetics of the nervous system
- Injury of the nervous systems
Allied and Overlapping Fields
Neuroscience, by its very interdiciplinary nature, overlaps with and encompasses many different subjects. Below is a list of related subjects and fields.
Future directions
See also
- List of neuroscientists
- Important publications in neuroscience
- Mind scientist
- Neuroscience journals
- ^ Martin-Araguz, A.; Bustamante-Martinez, C.; Fernandez-Armayor, Ajo V.; Moreno-Martinez, J. M. (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", Revista de neurología 34 (9), p. 877-892.
- Bear, M.F.; B.W. Connors, and M.A. Paradiso (2001). Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. Baltimore: Lippincott. ISBN 0-7817-3944-6.
- Kandel, ER; Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (2000). Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8385-7701-6.
- Squire, L. et al. (2003). Fundamental Neuroscience, 2nd edition. Academic Press; ISBN 0-12-660303-0
- Byrne and Roberts (2004). From Molecules to Networks. Academic Press; ISBN 0-12-148660-5
- Sanes, Reh, Harris (2005). Development of the Nervous System, 2nd edition. Academic Press; ISBN 0-12-618621-9
- Siegel et al. (2005). Basic Neurochemistry, 7th edition. Academic Press; ISBN 0-12-088397-X
- Rieke, F. et al. (1999). Spikes: Exploring the Neural Code. The MIT Press; Reprint edition ISBN 0-262-68108-0
Online textbooks
- Neuroscience 2nd ed. Dale Purves, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, Lawrence C. Katz, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, S. Mark Williams. Published by Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2001.
- Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects 6th ed. by George J. Siegel, Bernard W. Agranoff, R. Wayne Albers, Stephen K. Fisher, Michael D. Uhler, editors. Published by Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
Popular works
- Andreasen, Nancy C. (March 4 2004). Brave New Brain: Conquering Mental Illness in the Era of the Genome. Oxford University Press. 392 pages, 56 halftones & line illus.; 8 color plates, 234x154 mm. ISBN 9780195145090.
- Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York, Avon Books. ISBN 0-399-13894-3 (Hardcover) ISBN 0-380-72647-5 (Paperback)
- Gardner, H. (1976). The Shattered Mind: The Person After Brain Damage. New York, Vintage Books, 1976 ISBN 0-394-71946-8
- Goldstein, K. (2000). The Organism. New York, Zone Books. ISBN 0-942299-96-5 (Hardcover) ISBN 0-942299-97-3 (Paperback)
- Llinas R. (2001)." I of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self" MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-12233-2 (Hardcover) ISBN 0-262-62163-0 (Paperback)
- Luria, A. R. (1997). The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-224-00792-0 (Hardcover) ISBN 0-674-54625-3 (Paperback)
- Luria, A. R. (1998). The Mind of a Mnemonist: A Little Book About A Vast Memory. New York, Basic Books, Inc. ISBN 0-674-57622-5
- Pinker, S. (1999). "How the Mind Works." W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-31848-6
- Pinker, S. (2002). "The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature." Viking Adult. ISBN 0-670-03151-8
- Ramachandran, V.S. (1998). Phantoms in the Brain. New York, New York Harper Collins. ISBN 0-688-15247-3 (Paperback)
- Rose, S. (2006). "21st Century Brain: Explaining, Mending & Manipulating the Mind" ISBN 0099429772 (Paperback)
- Sacks, O. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. Summit Books ISBN 0-671-55471-9 (Hardcover) ISBN 0-06-097079-0 (Paperback)
- Sacks, O. (1990). Awakenings. New York, Vintage Books. (See also Oliver Sacks) ISBN 0-671-64834-9 (Hardcover) ISBN 0-06-097368-4 (Paperback)
- Sternberg, E. (2007) Are You a Machine? The Brain, the Mind and What it Means to be Human. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
Notes From Online Courses
- Intro to Neuroscience - Smith College Spring 2005
External links
- Neurome.org
- High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases
- Society for Neuroscience
- Neural Plasticity-Open Access Journal (Hindawi Publishing)
- Neuroscience. 2nd ed. by Purves et al (online textbook)
- Neuroscience News, Books, Links, Forum and Gifts
- Neuroscience for Kids
- Brain Research and Information Network B.R.A.I.N.
- Undergraduate Neuroscience major at Carthage College rca ieftin


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from databhi on Vimeo.
Elsewhere Factory
July 31, 2010
Street Artist in Rome
Post by Marcela Lanna às 10:39 PM 0 Comments
Tags Street Artist
Time is relative
Its being a little while since a post something. First thing, I am sorry. Second thing, I am sure it will happen again. A post per day is challenging and sometimes impossible. Life just insists to get busy and busy with time. As a girl of theories, I have one now.
Theory Statement: a post posted is better than two posts in your head.
For now, I have millions ideas on my head, but not time to copy-paste, study and write a post. How to create time? How to make time flexible?
When I had to study for an exam, that was all I did for the whole day. Busy Busy.
When I had to finish a project and go grocery, that was all I did for the whole day. Busy busy.
When I had to help at home, cook, write a paper, go tothe doctor, pay the bills, prepare for a meeting, clean my wardrobe, that was all I did for the whole day. Busy busy.
Now I have to work for a multinational company, study for my MBA, write my final project, work on my side projects, read, get references, help at home, produce my music, release my two books, that is all I do for the whole day.
Busy busy!
Time is relative like truth. You can just make it.
And wins who makes more nad better.
Post by Marcela Lanna às 6:44 PM 0 Comments
Tags art management, My Days...
July 25, 2010
Sharing my new hobby!
I just want to share one of my new greatest achievements: Rowing in the Lagoon!
I decided to start canoeing classes two weeks ago. The basic fundaments are given inside a tank, where you should row for a while. Then, you pass to the next step, the actual Lagoon.
I wanted to learn the positions and techniques, so I hit Youtube to check on videos. I ended up wathcing a really funny and scary edition of 23 people falling in the water. Hahaha! So, that´s why I was really shaky and nervous bellow, but I did not fall! That´s good so far!
Anyway, rowing is a great exercice, not only for being a complete work out, but for also being mind provoking, refreshing and beautiful. The water is delightful, the sun is marvelous, the scenery is astonishing! It always end up being a great inspirational moment of the day.
What is yours? What do you do to inspire yourself daily?
Post by Marcela Lanna às 9:35 PM 1 Comments
Tags art management, My Days...
July 24, 2010
Stephen Wiltshire
Stephen Wiltshire is an artist who draws and paints detailed cityscapes. He has a particular talent for drawing lifelike, accurate representations of cities, sometimes after having only observed them briefly. He was awarded an MBE for services to the art world in 2006. He studied Fine Art at City & Guilds Art College. His work is popular all over the world, and is held in a number of important collections.
Stephen was born in London to West Indian parents on 24th April, 1974. As a child he was mute, and did not relate to other human beings. Aged three, he was diagnosed as autistic. He had no language and lived entirely in his own world. At the age of five, at Queensmill School in London, teachers noticed that he was only interested in drawing. And that´s when its began...
In 1987, the BBC QED programme, 'The Foolish Wise Ones', featured Stephen's astounding talent. Great doc!
The incredible thing is that Stephen looks, memorizes and then draws it by entirely memory. He memorized Madrid´s panoramic view during a 30 minute helicopter flight through the city and during three days he drew this detailed drawing below. Check out the details this guy can hold in his mind!
Life is so hard the way it is. Imagine life and art with extra obstacles. It can be challenging, but also an opportunity for innovation and for exceeding ones personal talent.
I just love people that have the heart and generosity to cross the boundaries and make a meaning by touching people.
Check out Stephen´s site!
Post by Marcela Lanna às 10:40 PM 1 Comments
Tags Drawing
July 23, 2010
I know a GREAT LITTLE PLACE in London
It was really hard, but I finally found it!! You know that I am organizing a great artful guide from Buenos Aires (please, keep checking for more tips _ Coming soon: Recoleta and Where to stay in BsAs). Here is a GREAT tip for who is travelling to or living in London! The blog is called Great Little Place and it gives incredible tips of unknown bars, restaurants, cultural places, so on. You should check it!
Lounge Lover, No. 1 Whitby Street, Shoreditch, E1 6JU
Minimalist this is not. It's a miscellany of weird and wonderful objects of all shapes and sizes. But let's cut to the chase: decadent cocktails in decadent surroundings. Not cheap, but truly immense.
Three Blind Mice, 5 Ravey Street, Shoreditch, EC2A 4QW
Round the corner from Book Club, this cosy basement bar is a self-proclaimed 'unique little den of iniquity'. Incense burning from the air con vents. Peeling posters from the world over. Shabby seats. Chic this place is not. Beer is not this bar's forte either unless you're after a can of Red Stripe. However, it does serve up a devilish selection of spirits and is a charming little treasure. It's so good in fact that we're going to host our own event here on 8th July so watch this space.
Doodle Bar, 33 Parkgate Road, Battersea, SW11 4NP
This place is white. But with scribbling, doodles and drawings all over the walls. Like playschool but for kidults. There's a lovely outside area with table tennis, patio heaters and a little balcony overlooking a dock by the Thames. It's an events-only café though so it's not open all the time. Call them up beforehand to make sure it's open before you mosey on down: 0207 502 8167.
One last plea before you go, please help out a Camberwell community project by joining their facebook group. They need your help to create a cultural/arts centre in the area: http://bit.ly/aZ6Wi0.
I know that this is not totally an art topic, but it is a cultural topic that I thought you guys could enjoy!
Have fun!
Post by Marcela Lanna às 12:16 PM 0 Comments
July 22, 2010
Negociating Techniques - Getting to YES
One of the great challenges in our daily lifes is to get people to say a simple word: "yes". Yes to you, yes to your projects, yes to your blog, yes to your art piece, yes to your budget, yes to your dreams, etc. Yes comes with hard work and mainly negociation. Maybe you are not able to have what you want, but you can negociate to have most of it according to the parts.
Lots of artists under-estimate the negociating techniques in the artist´s daily life. To start off, many times, artists need to negociate with his or her family in order to become an artist. This is one thing you never see in someone becoming a dentist, for example.
"Hey, mom and dad. Hey, my wife. Hey, my husband. I want to become an artist, and, as you know, an estimate artist turn over is from 5 to 10 years. So, I need time and investment. Can you please sustain and support me in the meanwhile?"
Being an artist is more blasé and sometimes they just don´t get it. A blank canvas, a stage, a mic can be toatlly terrifying at times and the advances are not quantified like a certificate hanging on your wall or a job promotion. The achievements start off as being emotional inner-progresses like an abstract painting. The challenges of being an artist exceeds the challenges of making art. If you know what I mean.
In third world countries, the reality is completely stressed. Let´s imagine like that: if in a first world country it is difficult to be an artist for some people, in a thrid world country being an artist is, at first, a character trace refletcted in braveness, persistence and hope.
(Please, refer to a great post about this: Tips on how to become an artist.)
So, I bring you here this great book, that will help you to maximize your efforts in a negociation with your marchand, your manager, your producer, your partner, your theatre company, you choir, etc.
Click here to get the PDF file of "GETTING TO YES -Negotiating an agreement without giving in" by Roger Fisher and William Ury from Harvard Law School.
Post by Marcela Lanna às 10:40 AM 0 Comments
Tags Book
July 21, 2010
Kevin Phillips
My name is Kevin Phillips, I'm currently 18 years old planning on going to college for an art degree. All my life I knew I was pretty good at art, took art classes all through school etc. But it wasn't till the summer before my senior year I actually wanted to do art for a living. I never really learned any art techniques or rules in any of those classes, so I'm self taught for all of my graphite pieces. When it comes to painting, I owe a big thanks to my senior year art teacher Mrs. McDougal. I do not consider myself a specific kind of artist, considering I've worked with metal sculpture, graphite drawings in realism to abstract, and painting that ranges from realism to abstract. I consider myself to be pretty well rounded in all areas of art, at least for my age and where I'm currently at.
A few artists that I look up to are Erik Johnson and Ryan Shultz, both were on the show "work of art" and are very talented. Tim Gagnon and Lawrence Yang, are two that I model my work after a bunch. And last but not least Banksy, Banksy is probably the most known of the 5 because of the way he keeps in secret and the meaning behind his works.
This is a portrait that I did of my friend Caylee, I think what helps this drawing strong is the contrast in lighting, and her good looks help as well.
In all of my portraits, I attempt to set a mood, or feeling. In this one you look up at the girl (Hail) as she looks up and away giving a lift me up feeling somewhat.
This piece was inspired by an artist I look up to a bunch because of his style, He mixes a Asian influence with a American style in a way I really like. Lawrence Yang is a very well known artist and I have plenty of pieces in the style of Lawrence.
"Inside a collapsing sun" In my opinion this is one of my most successful abstract pieces, I used a few techniques from Lawrence Yang, but really put my own flair into it by using 4 different canvases to make one piece that flows from canvas to canvas.
Tim Gagnon is another artist I look up to. He has a very modern approach of painting and I really wanted to do a piece like his, but in my own style.
My self portrait was done in order to show the contours of my face and to show my youth to be combined with a later piece that makes me look older.
To be combined with the previous picture into one piece, this future self portrait was meant to hopefully show the difference of what I look like adding around, 50-60 years to my age. This was one of my more challenging pieces because it's not the easiest thing to look into the future at yourself.
To see more of my work you can to go either of the facebook pages here and here, I hope you enjoy my artwork, and hope you follow me to see my progression through the future.
* This post was written by the Guest Columnist Kevin Phillips
Post by Marcela Lanna às 9:51 AM 4 Comments
July 20, 2010
Stretch your shoes with ice - by Fashion Columnist Daniela Lanna
Have you bought a pair of shoes a while back and yet did not have the opportunity to wear it because they are too small and tight?
If you aim to get the first use experience with confort, we have here the solution!
Learn how to stretch your shoes with ice watching the video below:
Walk wide!
* This post was written by Fashion Columnist Daniela Lanna
Post by Marcela Lanna às 10:05 AM 0 Comments
July 17, 2010
Anima Mundi - 18th Brazilian International Animation Festival (Part 3 of 3)
Hey guys! Glad you are back checking out more animated films from the Anima Mundi. Notice that this is a small selection and that you should visit the festival exhibition center to watch in the big screen. This year edition has 460 films from a rich variety of countries: Finland, Bulgaria, Japan, Brazil, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Netherlands, Croatia, Cuba, Corea, Belgium, Spain, Russian, Italy and Canada, for example. I find the german ones really interesting and the one I liked a lot is Der Kleine und das biest (you can check it out in the Anima Mundi part 2) and Der da Vinci Timecode (which I could not find online).
Elk Hair Caddis - Magnus Igland Moller and Peter Smith (Denmark)
Guliver - "Gibonni - Žeđam" Music Video - Zdenko Basic (Croatia)
Sentimental education (short fragment) - Paul Bourgois (France)
Check out a short fragment here!
Make Down - Maurice Hubner (Germany)
MAKE-DOWN (Ausschnitt) from Maurice Hübner on Vimeo.
Something Left, Something Taken - Max Porter and Ru Kuwahata (USA)
Something Left, Something Taken- Full Version from Tiny Inventions on Vimeo.
Stanley Pickle - National Film amd Television School (United Kingdom)
The cow who wanted to be a hamburger - Bill Plympton (USA)
here all animation films!
The Necessities of Life - Trailer - Gerald Guthrie (USA)
Videogioco a loop experiment - Donato Sansone (Italy)
Another great video in the style of Donato:
I do Art
A concise history of modern art... in 2 minutes.
Best first film award at Balkanima animation festival 2008.
Vive la Rose - Bruce Alcock (Canada)
This animated short is the tragic love story of a fisherman and his beloved, inspired by a traditional Newfoundland song performed by Émile Benoit.
Buba e o aquecimento global - Mono 3D Studio (Brazil)
Buba e o aquecimento global from Mono3d on Vimeo.
After the Rain - Francois Vogel (France)
Cartoon Scum - Jan Lachauer (Germany)
Cartoon Scum from Jan Lachauer on Vimeo.
Coldplay Strawberry Swing - Shynola (United Kingdom)
Ok, guys! I guess this is it! Enough! I am tired ...
Just hit the Festival and check the other videos, will you?
I am sure it will be a great experience and
you will have a blast!
Have a nice weekend!
Check out a short fragment here!
Make Down - Maurice Hubner (Germany)
MAKE-DOWN (Ausschnitt) from Maurice Hübner on Vimeo.
Something Left, Something Taken - Max Porter and Ru Kuwahata (USA)
Something Left, Something Taken- Full Version from Tiny Inventions on Vimeo.
Stanley Pickle - National Film amd Television School (United Kingdom)
The cow who wanted to be a hamburger - Bill Plympton (USA)
here all animation films!
The Necessities of Life - Trailer - Gerald Guthrie (USA)
Videogioco a loop experiment - Donato Sansone (Italy)
Another great video in the style of Donato:
I do Art
A concise history of modern art... in 2 minutes.
Best first film award at Balkanima animation festival 2008.
Vive la Rose - Bruce Alcock (Canada)
This animated short is the tragic love story of a fisherman and his beloved, inspired by a traditional Newfoundland song performed by Émile Benoit.
Buba e o aquecimento global - Mono 3D Studio (Brazil)
Buba e o aquecimento global from Mono3d on Vimeo.
After the Rain - Francois Vogel (France)
Cartoon Scum - Jan Lachauer (Germany)
Cartoon Scum from Jan Lachauer on Vimeo.
Coldplay Strawberry Swing - Shynola (United Kingdom)
Ok, guys! I guess this is it! Enough! I am tired ...
Just hit the Festival and check the other videos, will you?
I am sure it will be a great experience and
you will have a blast!
Have a nice weekend!
Post by Marcela Lanna às 2:53 PM 1 Comments
July 16, 2010
Anima Mundi - 18th Brazilian International Animation Festival (Part 2 of 3)
As promised, here is a great selection of animation films from the Anima Mundi Festival.
Enjoy the videos!!!!!
Its important to notice that I have put together one of the greatest animated films from the Festival, but other great films were left out because I could not find them or their full version on the internet. Short films like Sinna Mann by Trollfilm As (Norway 2009) and Der Da Vinci Timecode by Gil Alkabetz (Germany, 2009) are two great examples. They are worth watching.
Its important to notice that I have put together one of the greatest animated films from the Festival, but other great films were left out because I could not find them or their full version on the internet. Short films like Sinna Mann by Trollfilm As (Norway 2009) and Der Da Vinci Timecode by Gil Alkabetz (Germany, 2009) are two great examples. They are worth watching.
The lost thing - Andrew Ruhemann, Shaun Tan (Australia)
Love and Theft - Andreas Hykade (Germany)
Pop - Bernard Derriman (Australia)
SOUR '日々の音色 (Hibi no neiro) - Masashi Kawamura, Hal Kirkland, Magico Nakamura, Masayoshi Nakamura (Japan)
Kill the Surfers - Atelier Collectif (Belgium)
Mi vida en tus manos - Nuno Beato (Portugal)
Please Say Something - David OReilly (Ireland)
Logorama - (France)
Pigeon: Impossible - Lucas Martell (USA)
Check out more animated films on part 3!
Post by Marcela Lanna às 10:57 PM 0 Comments
Anima Mundi - 18th Brazilian International Animation Festival (Part 1 of 3)
It starts on 16th of July the 18th edition of the Anima Mundi. The festival is a really important animation event in Brazil. It gathers activities such as master classes, speeches, animated talk, galeries, 3D showcase, Anima Forum, open studio in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte.
This year's guests are Cordell Barker, Daniel Greaves, Guilherme Marcondes and Stephen Hillenburg (executive producer of Nickelodeon´s SpongeBob SquarePants). They will talk about animation and share their experience and knowledge. If you are an animator, this is a great opportunity for showing your work and learn more about it.
The festival started in 1993. During the previous 83 years, the official number of produced animation films in Brazil was #174. After Anima Mundi began the number of films produced in Brazil increased to 2.600. Another great number to present here is that the festival had more than 6.000 films submitted to it.
I will post some of the films shown in the festival. This is the part I of Anima Mundi. Please, check for further videos.
The festival started in 1993. During the previous 83 years, the official number of produced animation films in Brazil was #174. After Anima Mundi began the number of films produced in Brazil increased to 2.600. Another great number to present here is that the festival had more than 6.000 films submitted to it.
I will post some of the films shown in the festival. This is the part I of Anima Mundi. Please, check for further videos.
The Cat Came Back (Cordell Barker)
Rise Above Plastics - Plastics Kill
Der Kleine und das Biest - Johannes Weiland; Uwe Heidschötter (Germany)
The Little Boy and the Beast from mic hic on Vimeo.
How to make a baby - Cassidy Curtis and Raquel Coelho (USA)
I loved all of them!
Post by Marcela Lanna às 6:24 PM 0 Comments
Kid´s Street Dance @ Copacabana
Every Sunday, I take a walk by the beach at Copacabana, Ipanema or Leblon. I always love when I encounter an art manifestation: dance, puppeteer, theather, circus or else.
Two weekends ago, I came across a street dance. The group was advertising their classes and presented a variety of dances. This little kid is amazing. So fun!
Post by Marcela Lanna às 4:54 AM 0 Comments
Tags Dance, My Days..., My drawing of the day
July 15, 2010
Selected Essays of John Berger
Back in 2004, when I joined an academic exchange program in Springfield, Missouri (USA), I got John Berger´s essay book. I read some essays as soon as I got it, but I confess I officially started reading it now.
I have to say that if you want a good book to read this is the one!
The essays include tense (tender + dense) meditations on painters like Picasso, Matisse, Pollock, Goya, Poussin and Gauguin, as well as sculptors like Lipschitz, Brancusi and Zadkine.
Read the reviews here.
Post by Marcela Lanna às 7:00 AM 0 Comments
Tags Book
July 14, 2010
Puerto Madero - My Trip to Buenos Aires
Night View
Puerto Madero was revigorated in 1989 when the govern decided to remodel it. Along with Recoleta it is one of the richest neighborhoods in Buenos Aires. I would suggest a late afternoon visit to it as the view and restaurants are great. You could take a walk and than eat something nice checking out the view and people passing by.
Puente de la Mujeres by the Spanish architecture Santiago Calatrava
who was inspired by tango dancers
Puerto Madero does not have much to do, but it has much to enjoy!
Here is a list of things you can do:
1. There are two floating museums: Corveta Uruguay and Fragata Sarmiento;
Fragata Sarmiento
2. Museum Fortabat, in front of Dick 4, is a modern building that holds Amalia Lacroze de Fortabat´s art collection. The collection has Argentine artists such as: Prilidiano Pueyrredon, Fernando Fader, Batlle Planas, Xul Xolar, Emilio Perorutti and Antonio Berni;
3. Ecologic Reserve Costanera Sur is the biggest green area of the city where 200 different espicies live. There are great walk and bike tours. The site is porlareserva.org.ar.
I would strongly recomend a bike tour called La Bicicleta Naranja, which is a GREAT option for a different and healthy site-seeing. You can rent a bike and ride it through BsAs´ green areas (which are a lot, try Recoleta) or plan a bike tour. La Bicicleta Naranja has four different types of tours: north, south, aristocratic and lakes & green areas.
Ecologic Reserve
La Bicicleta Naranja tour group
4. Monument Juan M Fangio. There you go, it is below!
No need for WOWs. Next topic, please.
5. Faena Hotel + Universe is a charmful hotel in Puerto Madero and the most expensive hotel in the entire BsAs. It is really (but really) expensive. Its daily rates start at $500. If you dont have the money to stay there, you MUST enjoy its facilities. You dont need to be rich to seize the best ;)
Faena counts with a Library Lounge with live music (currently DJ Ale Lacroix) and all kinds of books to read. Also, there is a show house El Cabaret with Tango Shows, the special handpicked store La Boutique, two restaurants and one bistro, the PoolBar, for example. Visit the PoolBar at night, you ahve no idea how incredible is the lightning in the pool. It seems like a mirror.
The hotel was totally decorated by Philippe Starck, the creme-de-la-creme guy who is making tons of money. Check out the pictures:
Library Lounge
Pool Lounge
El Bistro
yes, unicorns! yeah, 12 of those!
Check out some examples of the Menu. It seems delicious!
The bad thing is that they come in French (pettit) portions!
Where to eat?
Tourists are always told to eat at Siga la Vaca, but I did not think it was that incredible. I dont undestand the fascination Argentines have with the Vaca (cow) word in restaurant names.
I would suggest the ones below:
El Mercado - Faena's restaurant
Carletto - italian food
Chila - this is a fresh NEW restaurant. Its cousine is comanded by Soledad Nardelli from Arts Culinaires - Lyon.
Cabana de las Lilas - Argentine barbecue. This is the one that everyone talks about. It is expensive, but really good.
Gourmet Porteno - It has an international menu and offers the traditional Argentine parrilla.
I Fresh Market - Inspired in NY delicatessen
Red Resto - French Cousine inside the Hotel Madero
Spell Cafe - Informal cafe
Here is a list of ALL restaurants in Puerto Madero! So, you can choose!
And here is a good piece of information: let´s understand the Argentine cow!
The famous meat are: bife de chorrizo (argentine cut beef) , bife angosto (porterhouse or strip steak), solomillo (lion, the fleshy and boneless part of the spine) and tapa de cuadril (rump cut).
Let me know if you need this image in larger version. I can e-mail ya!
Night Life?
There are three good things to do:
Asia de Cuba - nice restaurant that at 1am, just like a late Cinderella, transforms itself in a great night club. It is U$13 to enter including a drink. The bar just accepts cash!!!
Casino Puerto Madero - casinos are not allowed in the cities, but not in the sea. So, there you go! The casino has 100 game tables, 650 niquel machines, restaurants and bars. It is free to enter, but it costs to play (U$10 higher). You should dress in esporte fino, which means a "fine" daily wear, no flip flops or sandals, no t-shirts showing your arm pits...things like that.
Deep Blue Fun & Bars - an entertainment house with good food.
Post by Marcela Lanna às 7:30 AM 4 Comments
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More than 300 Bethel Island residents joined Diane Kay Shipway's family in a celebration of life at Scout Hall on Sunday, many sporting the color pink that Shipway loved to wear.
Aside from the usual sharing of fond memories, attendees were able to view a recent documentary Shipway, 61, produced about the famous Chinese fishing vessel that Shipway helped deliver back to Taiwan in early 2012.
"For me personally, to hear her voice as we listened to her on the documentary about the 'Free China' that she oversaw from its conception, tore at my heartstrings," said Bethel Island resident and good friend Cha Cha Cha.
The Chinese Junk sat in the yard of Bethel Island's Marine Emporium for several years before Shipway found a way to return the last-of-its-kind ship to Taiwan.
"Diane went back to Taiwan with the ship and met the president there," said longtime friend Liz Van Sandwyk.
Van Sandwyk first met Shipway at Los Medanos College when they were students there 38 years ago.
Van Sandwyk said what she remembers most about her friend is that she had a memory like a steel trap.
Shipway was born in Somers Point, N.J., on July 16, 1951. She spent her youth on the East Coast where she met and married Ray Shipway Sr. in 1971. The couple moved to Bethel Island after Ray was discharged from the Navy from New London, Conn.
"Diane has always been an active member of the Bethel Island community," Van Sandwyk said. "She was a founding member of the original Bethel Island Water Ski Club and organized the first Frozen Bun Run, which they still do today."
Shipway is also remembered for her contribution, along with Terry and Shoren Fenton, in helping to build the Bethel Island Community Park.
"As I look over at the Community Park I remember, with fond memories, three of the major park supporters who have now gone to be angels. What a wonderful legacy," Cha said.
Shipway was a one-time secretary to the Bethel Island Chamber of Commerce and worked with the organization for many years helping to organize such events as the Bethel Island Citizen of the Year dinner. She won the top award in 2007.
"Her involvement in the community was vast, and she supported many local organizations," Van Sandwyk said.
Cha remembers Shipway as a mentor and great friend to all those she knew.
"She made us all feel like we were her best friend," Cha said. "She listened when we spoke, she shared her viewpoint, and we all went away wiser after being with her. To say that she will be missed by many is truly an understatement."
After moving to Bethel Island, Shipway worked for Bethel Island's Marine Emporium for many years until she and her husband, Ray, opened Vessel Assist. During her marriage to Ray, the couple operated Vessel Assist operated from 1987 to 1999. After selling the business in 1999, Shipway went to work for Parker Diving Services as a salvage coordinator.
"She worked on several interesting jobs for them, including the Santa Cruz Harbor cleanup after the big tsunami," Van Sandwyk said.
Cha said she would really miss Shipway's support. "I can no longer pick up the phone and ask her questions about the information that I heard, and listen to her say her infamous, 'Oh! Hell No,' when things were incorrect," she said.
Shipway passed away on Dec. 18 due to complications caused by cancer. She is survived by her two sons, Raymond W. Shipway Jr. and Michael J. Shipway of Bethel Island, as well as her granddaughter, Kaitlin "K.T." Shipway. Shipway's sister Claire Potter lives in Middleburg, Fla. Her parents, Kathleen Turnipseede and John Hunter Jr., and her brother, Bruce Hunter, preceded her in death.


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pregnant again
I Just found out that I'm pregnant again.. It shocked the crap out of me and has had me pretty scared the last few days. I'm only 20 and this is my third pregnancy. One of the...
Started by Amy on 02/10/2012 in Young Mothers Under 21 With More Than One Child
Last update on 02/10/2012 by Amy


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How to increase your website traffic
The purpose of this article is to show some ways of raising your website popularity. Making your website popular maximizes traffic to it which automatically converts your visitors into buyers or...Read more
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S&P may pay US$1.5b over mortgage ratings: source
[NEW YORK] Standard and Poor's is in talks to pay as much as US$1.5 billion to settle US government lawsuits over mortgage ratings issued in the run-up to the 2008 financial crisis, a person familiar with the matter said on Tuesday.
The settlement of civil fraud litigation may be reached as soon as this month, two people familiar with the matter said.
S&P, a unit of McGraw Hill Financial Inc, is trying to resolve lawsuits filed by the US Department of Justice and more than a dozen states that accused it of inflating credit ratings to win more business from issuers.
It had previously been expected to pay slightly more than US$1 billion to settle, another person familiar with the matter told Reuters last week. The final amount could fluctuate as more states sign on, that person said.
In a civil fraud lawsuit filed in February 2013, the Justice Department claimed that investors lost billions of dollars after buying mortgage-backed debt whose risks had been misrepresented by S&P.
The government said insured institutions had suffered more than US$5 billion in losses, and sought to recoup that amount from S&P.