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Take On Payments, a blog sponsored by the Retail Payments Risk Forum of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, is intended to foster dialogue on emerging risks in retail payment systems and enhance collaborative efforts to improve risk detection and mitigation. We encourage your active participation in Take on Payments and look forward to collaborating with you.
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May 11, 2015
The Hill Tackles Cybersecurity
In a post last month, Take on Payments highlighted recent cybersecurity-related executive orders. Cybersecurity has been a hot item inside the Beltway in 2015, and the activity hasn't been limited to the executive office. Beginning on April 22, the House passed two separate cybersecurity bills. And now all eyes are on the Senate, as it looks like a vote on its own cybersecurity bill is set to take place later in May. Today's Take On Payments post will highlight the two House bills recently passed by the House and the Senate's bill under consideration.
Protecting Cyber Networks Act (H.R. 1560)
This bill encourages the timely sharing of cyber threat information among private entities, nonfederal government agencies, and local governments. It provides businesses liability protection for sharing cyber threat indicators when taking reasonable efforts to remove personally identifiable information (PII). The bill also allows the federal government (excluding the National Security Agency and Department of Defense) to share cyber threat information with private entities, nonfederal government agencies, and local governments. To further promote and protect individual privacy, it requires that the Department of Justice (DOJ) periodically review the information shared to ensure that PII is not being received, used, or disseminated by a federal entity. Finally, this bill directs the Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center (CTIIC), under the direction of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, to serve as the primary organization to analyze and integrate all intelligence shared.
National Cybersecurity Protection Advancement Act of 2015 (H.R. 1731)
The purpose of this bill is to also encourage information sharing of cyber related risks among the private sector and government. Unlike its companion bill, which directs the CTIIC as the overseer of the information-sharing program, this bill authorizes the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to do so. In order for the DHS to serve in this capacity, the bill expands the composition and scope of the DHS national cybersecurity and communications integration center to include additional parties, namely private entities and information-sharing and analysis centers, among its non-federal representatives. As with H.R. 1560, the bill has provisions to protect individual privacy and requires that the DHS performs an annual privacy policies and procedures review. As with its companion House bill, liability protection is afforded to parties sharing information.
Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) of 2015 (S. 754)
The Senate's version of cybersecurity legislation is a companion bill to the two recently passed House bills and combines tenets of both of them. It's viewed as an information-sharing bill, with the DHS serving as the federal entity responsible for overseeing the sharing of data between the government and private sector. The DOJ is responsible for ensuring that privacy and civil liberties are upheld within the information-sharing program. As with the House bills, liability protection is provided to all entities sharing information.
The goal of information sharing featured in these bills is the hope both government and private sector would benefit. As evidenced by the participation of a significant number of financial institutions (FIs) with the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center, many FIs are seeing value to sharing cybersecurity information within their own sectors. Additionally, the Retail Industry Leaders Association established the Retail Cyber Intelligence Sharing Center earlier this year to share cyber threat information between retailers and law enforcement. Whether or not these bills accomplish the goals of creating a private environment to safely share cybersecurity information and risks, I think the payments industry and other private industries would benefit from sharing information among themselves and with government and law enforcement agencies.
By Douglas A. King, payments risk expert in the Retail Payments Risk Forum at the Atlanta Fed
May 11, 2015 in collaboration, consumer protection, cybercrime, law enforcement, regulations | Permalink
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January 27, 2014
The Importance of Partnerships between the Private Sector and Law Enforcement
Helen Keller once said, "Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much." As the "forum" part of our name implies, we tend to agree with Helen Keller's comment on collaboration. The mission of the Retail Payments Risk Forum (RPRF) is to identify, detect, educate, and encourage mitigation of risk in retail payment systems. We firmly believe that one of the ways to achieve our mission is to collaborate with industry participants, regulators, and law enforcement. And while we convene our own forums to encourage collaboration, ample opportunities for collaboration between law enforcement and the private sector exist beyond the boundaries of the RPRF.
Below are descriptions of organizations that are built on such collaborations.
- Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC): An organization dedicated to gathering and disseminating reliable and timely information from financial services providers, security firms, local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies, and other trusted resources related to physical and cyber threats against the financial services community.
- National Cyber-Forensics &l Training Alliance (NCFTA): A nonprofit corporation with formal partnerships/agreements with more than 40 U.S. private-sector organizations and more than 15 U.S. and international law enforcement or regulatory agencies. The NCFTA enlists subject matter experts from stakeholder organizations to share real-time intelligence regarding cyber threats and supports the development of joint proactive strategies to better identity, mitigate, and ultimately neutralize threats.
- Electronic Crimes Task Forces: Led by the United States Secret Service, these groups bring together federal, state, and local law enforcement with prosecutors, private industry, and academia for the purpose of preventing, detecting, investigating, and mitigating attacks on the nation's financial infrastructures. Groups are structured through local field offices and organized in most major metropolitan areas.
- InfraGard: Led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, this association with representatives from the private sector, academia, and state, local, and federal law enforcement agencies is dedicated to sharing information and intelligence to prevent hostile acts against the United States. Like the Electronic Crimes Task Force, InfraGard is comprised of groups organized by FBI field offices in major metropolitan areas.
- Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG): An organization that seeks to unify the global response to cybercrime across industry, government, and law enforcement through data sharing, education, and standards development.
Each of these groups is different, but the common thread is information sharing between the private sector and law enforcement. This collaboration increases knowledge and awareness of threats and is often required to effectively capture and prosecute the masterminds behind attacks on financial institutions and their customers. I encourage our readers to learn more about and take advantage of these opportunities and others for collaboration between law enforcement and the private sector.
By Douglas A. King, payments risk expert in the Retail Payments Risk Forum at the Atlanta Fed
January 27, 2014 in collaboration, cybercrime, law enforcement | Permalink
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November 26, 2012
Highlights from a Conference on Technology and Payments
The retail payments landscape is rapidly evolving as technological advances promote new electronic payment methods. On October 15–16, the Risk Forum convened at the Atlanta Fed a diverse gathering of stakeholders in the payments industry. Industry representatives were from telecommunication firms, airlines, standards bodies, payments processors, and coffee house retailers, as well as the more traditional players.
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta President and CEO Dennis Lockhart kicked off the event. His opening remarks focused on the Federal Reserve System's role as a central bank in the country's retail payment system, both as a payments operator and as the country's guardian of financial stability. In the latter role, the Fed aims to preserve the integrity of both the retail and wholesale payments systems. Lockhart stressed that although this role has national strategy overtones, it is not intended to stifle innovation and competition but rather to support a market-oriented approach to payment developments. By noting the vulnerabilities that the fast pace of change and innovation in the industry create, Lockhart set the stage for the day's session, the highlights of which we are sharing here. You can find the complete presentation materials on the Atlanta Fed website.
Technology developments in card-based payments
Legacy plastic cards are likely to remain important for some time. Nevertheless, significant changes are under way. These technological changes were the focus of this panel. The U.S. payments industry is struggling to collectively shift from magnetic stripe-enabled card payments to a more secure and interoperable environment. Panelists discussed the challenges posed by the planned U.S. migration to chip-enabled cards and to the EMV standards already adopted in most of the globe's major developed countries. They discussed the potential shift in fraud to card-not-present payments in the shift from mag-stripe cards. Panelists said that fraud mitigation in the future U.S. EMV environment will require additional data analysis tools, including the use of better encryption methods and tokenization. They also touched on the benefits of PIN versus signature authentication.
The evolution of technology standards in retail payments
Technology standards provide the cohesion to ensure the critical mass needed for successful payment network adoption. At the same time, the myriad of new market solutions, patent issues, and even standards bodies themselves challenges industry cooperation and consensus building, slowing the standards development process. Panelists discussed the activities of various standards bodies that touch retail payments today. They also talked about how they are working to galvanize industry stakeholders to agree and employ standards that foster security and interoperability.
Mobile payment developments at the point of sale
This panel of experts reviewed technological developments in the mobile channel for payments at the merchant's point of sale (POS), including the rollout of several mobile wallet initiatives. Panelists discussed the challenges associated with the highly dynamic nature of the technologies. They noted that new complex business models are resulting in many different types of payment solutions, creating a confusing ecosystem for mobile proximity payments.
Panelists noted that the many new, thought-provoking products out in the market place today create many unknowns, not only with respect to security, but also future viability. They agreed that it is hard to predict which solutions have true scalability. An interesting discussion took place on the success of new payments such as Square, which changed the proverbial game by expanding the population of merchants that can accept card payments and by repurposing the mobile handset into a payment acceptance device. The panel also discussed how Starbucks unwittingly assumed the role of a payments pioneer when they moved to the mobile channel. Their original aim was not to adopt a new payments method but rather to increase customer loyalty and convenience.
The merits and challenges with the upcoming EMV migration were also top of mind for the panel.
Technology trends in mobile payment transfers
U.S. mobile payment developments have generally centered on payments at the POS. However, remote mobile payments, or person-to-person mobile transfers, are also taking form as a business model. Panelists discussed how nonbank players are entering the money transmission space hoping to leverage new mobile technologies. They explored the current environment for domestic and cross-border mobile transfer payment activity, analyzing the changing roles of payment service providers and the subsequent regulatory and policymaking considerations.
Panelists noted that we are seeing a huge paradigm shift in mobile money, with prepaid airtime credits looking more and more like currency in developing countries. Some countries permit payment service providers to provide airtime cash-out; Kenya's M Pesa is one of these providers. The lack of system interoperability across borders and liquidity management considerations are barriers to a global, scalable airtime transfer system. Panelists also noted, however, that airtime transfers are increasingly becoming a natural complement to traditional remittances.
In addition, traditional remittance providers are partnering with telecom firms to deliver services in emerging markets. These providers also work with banks in more developed countries, like the United States, to use the mobile channel in more efficient ways.
Technology threats and mitigants in electronic payment systems
Whether through scams such as "Obama Will Pay Your Bills" or corporate account takeovers, criminals are increasingly using electronic payments networks to perpetrate fraud. Panelists stressed that industry stakeholders must themselves become more sophisticated in order to develop solutions to better detect and mitigate these risks. Future fraud detection will require more sophisticated approaches to address growing vulnerabilities in web applications. Panelists also stressed that financial institutions must validate transactions to enforce rules and limits and to manage fraud.
The Risk Forum uses events such as this to encourage dialogue and share critical business intelligence among participants. We can then use information that comes out of such discussions to inform our work with the payments industry as we collectively work on better solutions to detect and mitigate risk. Expect to see more discussion in future posts. As always, we value your responses.
By Cynthia Merritt, assistant director of the Retail Payments Risk Forum
November 26, 2012 in chip-and-pin, collaboration, cybercrime, emerging payments, innovation | Permalink
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May 14, 2012
Cooperating competitors? Yes, when it comes to payment standards
Standard sizes allow us to efficiently pick out clothing to try on at any store we go to, and even to shop online. Standard file formats enable the exchange of documents between computers with different operating systems and software programs. Similarly, standard payment formats ensure that our payment cards work at a wide range of merchants regardless of where we bank. Although we often take standards for granted, they are absolutely critical to the efficient functioning of the payment system.
Standard formats are a classic public good: they can be used by multiple people at no marginal cost per user and it is difficult to exclude people from using them. Typically, public goods have to be provided by the government, because no individual firm has sufficient incentive to provide them privately. However, in the payments industry, standard payment formats have frequently been adopted without government intervention. Instead, private firms generally cooperate to develop payment standards through membership organizations like NACHA, the Accredited Standards Committee X9, and EMVCo. These organizations are direct competitors who choose to cooperate in developing shared industry utilities. Atlanta Fed payments risk expert Doug King has written extensively on industry efforts to implement the EMV payment card standard in the United States.
The payments industry might be able to supply its own public goods due to the relatively low transaction costs of doing so. While a small number of companies manage the majority of card payments across the globe, the U.S. industry includes several well-established companies and numerous smaller competitors as well as start-ups. Most of the companies are already members of established industry organizations that facilitate collaboration. This is much simpler than the market providing a public good like low pollution in a river, for example. Somehow the many consumers and firms who access that river must assemble and agree on the pollution level, develop an enforcement mechanism, and implement the agreement—and many of these stakeholders will likely never have worked together before.
The effect of payment standards on competition is unclear. It's possible that standards increase competition in the payments industry by leveling the playing field between established firms and start-ups. However, some payments standards are proprietary and may inherently favor the companies that most influenced their development. For example, to the extent that the largest card networks dictate the specifications for the EMV standard, this may disadvantage smaller networks. Those smaller networks are left in the unenviable position of having to comply with standards in which they had little voice in developing. Thus, although the payments industry seems to have been effective in developing standards cooperatively, it's possible that this market activity has favored the dominant players. How will the move to the EMV payment card standard affect competition in the U.S. market?
By Jennifer C. Windh, a senior payments risk analyst in the Retail Payments Risk Forum at the Atlanta Fed
May 14, 2012 in collaboration, EMV | Permalink
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October 3, 2011
Cyberspace trust: Proving you're not a dog
A very real discomfort underlies the classic joke: "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog." How can you prove your own identity and confirm the identity of others during virtual interactions? Every time you reach out to a friend on Gchat, post on a classmate's Facebook wall, or send money to a colleague via PayPal, you are relying on a key assumption: that the person you're reaching out to behind that Gmail address, Facebook profile, or PayPal screen name is who they say they are. Without this baseline confidence, online interactions and commerce would be paralyzed.
The most recent installment of the Payments Spotlight podcast series features Jeremy Grant, leader of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Program Office for the National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC). NSTIC is a White House initiative that works collaboratively with the private and public sectors to improve the security of online transactions by increasing online security and solving the problem of weak and inconvenient passwords.
"The genesis of it was President Obama's cyberspace policy review that was conducted shortly after he took office in 2009," Grant explains. The goals of the new cyberspace policy include "the creation of an identity management vision and strategy that the country could implement that would focus both on the securities aspects of the topic, as well as be dedicated to preserving or enhancing privacy and civil liberties." A critical first step, says Grant, is addressing the fact that "passwords are fundamentally broken and insecure, and simply don't cut it these days as a way to identify and authenticate online." (A May 2011 Payments Spotlight podcast addressed the weakness of single-factor authentication, such as logging in with just a password.)
Although the government is coordinating the NSTIC effort, the program is designed as a private-public partnership. Grant says it is not the government's role "to figure this out for the rest of the world, but to convene different private sector stakeholders, [including] tech firms, banks, healthcare firms, security firms, advocacy groups in the privacy and consumer communities, and other interested individuals." A major goal of NSTIC is to foster collaboration. He says, "We really want to have an open and participatory process where all different stakeholders can come together and collaborate and work out practical solutions to some of the challenges that the NSTIC lays out. Government will convene and we'll be an early adopter, but we are not going to actually lead this." Some private businesses are already excited about NSTIC. Michael Barrett, Chief Information Security Officer at PayPal, has voiced his support: "[We] will be offering more services to our customers over the coming months that directly support the NSTIC, which we expect will result in many new benefits to both our customers and the Internet overall."
So when can we expect to see NSTIC implemented? Currently the National Program Office is laying the groundwork for pilots, which can be expected sometime next year. In terms of resources, Grant notes that "for fiscal year 2012, the White House has proposed $24.5 million for NSTIC, including $17.5 million that would go towards pilot programs." The funds have not yet been appropriated, so budget wrangling may still change those numbers. Those pilots will be just the first step in architecting a more secure Internet identity infrastructure. If NSTIC achieves its vision, we can be confident that no fraudsters—or dogs—lurk behind our friends' Facebook profiles and e-mail addresses!
By Jennifer C. Windh, a payments risk analyst in the Retail Payments Risk Forum at the Atlanta Fed
October 3, 2011 in collaboration, consumer protection, cybercrime | Permalink
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August 29, 2011
Seeing what dimly lies in the distance: Parting thoughts on addressing payments system risk
As this post for Portals and Rails runs, it is likely that my concerns about fraud may be starting to center on whether the manufacturer's claims about the bass lure I am using are fraudulent. I guess that's a way of saying that on August 31, I will officially retire after 38 years with the Federal Reserve, an extraordinary organization faced with extraordinary challenges across the three legs of its mission responsibilities: monetary policy, bank supervision and regulation, and payments services. I have been blessed to have had so many challenging and diverse experiences through the years, including the last two years directing the fascinating work of the Retail Payments Risk Forum. Learning about the risks in our payments system, marveling at the entrepreneurship of those who want to exploit its weaknesses to commit fraudulent activity, and working with the industry to try to find ways to mitigate those risks has been both interesting and exhilarating.
Clearly such work is never done and the constant arms race to stay ahead of the bad guys in a technology-centric payments world is not likely to abate. My hope is that those who read this column continue to support the work of the Forum, its outstanding staff, and its new leader. But even more importantly, my hope is that the industry continues to make progress in collaboratively addressing the needs of our payments system in difficult times when investment dollars are scarce and tough choices must be made. At the risk of waxing philosophic, it is with all this in mind that I leave the following thoughts for others to consider and hopefully run with.
First, as an industry, we need to push our leaders to understand that the paradigms of success today are not those that served us well 10 years ago. The payments system is now a global infrastructure, and purely domestic solutions to managing fraud will not work. Business models for success changed with the advent of the Internet and they will change again with the evolution of mobile technology. A corporation's worst nightmare may be riding a train in Eastern Europe while simultaneously cleaning out a bank account in the United States. This means that it will inevitably be harder to implement solutions, but imminently necessary to extract ourselves from domestic thinking while building partnerships across the globe.
Second, standards are the key to long-term progress in such an environment. Certainty about what standards frees markets to invest in developing solutions to payments problems in a competitive environment that encourages escalating performance. Hence, we must give a lot of attention to doing the work in the basement rooms where standards folks work. While I suppose that revenue opportunities may abound for the entity that owns the standards, companies that are able to depend on standards to deliver risk management systems and products greatly reduce their cost of development and ongoing operations.
Third, it would be useful to clarify the roles of the many government (and sometimes private sector) groups that must engage in the business of protecting our payments system. The Forum and colleagues from the Boston Fed have been engaged in an ongoing effort with mobile payments that has demonstrated to us that nobody wants this clarity more than a frequently confused marketplace. While they long for integrated operations, integrated law, and integrated technology, it is integrated oversight that would help clarify who is responsible for what, encourage collaboration and sharing, and expose gaps in coverage that bad actors can exploit.
Fourth, in recent industry meetings I have heard payments professionals lament that a big part of our problem is that customers—both consumers and businesses—are not well educated in how to protect themselves against fraud. The discussion concerning who should be responsible for providing the education, however, resembles a group of folks juggling a hot potato. My suggestion is that financial institutions (individually or collectively through their trade associations) are the one party that touches both user groups and that stepping up and assuming the leadership role in payments education would not only be a great service but might actually be an endearing customer relationship and retention strategy.
Finally, as an industry we seem to be struggling to establish a vision for the future. On a wall at a recent meeting room, I read a quote by Thomas Carlyle that said, "Our main business is not to see what dimly lies at a distance, but to do what lies clearly at hand." Carlyle (who is credited with calling economics the "dismal science") may have had a point when he wrote this in the mid-19th century, but today the future comes at us so fast, it seems to me that we have to constantly keep our eye on what lies vaguely in the distance and create a vision for the future that embraces the possibilities. Said differently, it may be useful to create a vision for how we will collectively address future risks in the payments system even as we deploy new technology, rather than focusing on how to defeat the threats we already know.
With that, I wish our readership all the best and trust that perhaps our paths may cross again.
By Rich Oliver, executive vice president of the Atlanta Fed and director of the Retail Payments Risk Forum
August 29, 2011 in collaboration, crime, payments, payments risk | Permalink
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February 16, 2010
Haitian crisis: Are mobile payment discussions an unexpected consequence?
The earthquake in Haiti caused massive destruction that ultimately leveled the capital city of Port-au-Prince and resulted in the deaths of thousands of people. As charitable assistance has poured in from around the world, an unexpected revelation has come to light with respect to the potential for mobile phone–enabled payments. Within a matter of days, wireless network operaters facilitated millions of dollars in donations, demonstrating how quickly people all over the world could assemble to adopt a single payment method for a specific purpose. Through the use of text messaging, or SMS (short message service), via the mobile phone, consumers could send payments to a variety of charitable organizations providing aid to Haiti.
Convenience of text messaging can drive adoption
I heard someone say recently that "convenience is like a drug for consumers." This convenience is possibly why texting is outpacing e-mail messaging as a mainstream form of communication—the ubiquity of mobile phones makes texting increasingly easier, cheaper, more convenient, and perhaps a natural vehicle for sending payment instructions. According to research released by Nielsen Mobile, the typical U.S. consumer sends and receives more SMS text messages than telephone calls. Mobile SMS is already widely used in developing countries to facilitate mobile money transfers for domestic person-to-person payments and cross-border remittances.
What if something goes wrong?
In many developing countries, mobile money transfer payments are transmitted via SMS without a bank partner to facilitate clearing and settlement. As described in an earlier post, Safaricom's M-pesa service provides mobile phone–enabled payments through text message instructions, with cash-out needs accommodated by agents, typically a village store or wireless retailer. But many of the payments are peer-to-peer in nature and funded by topping up the consumer's mobile phone bill. In the Haiti example, customers also could fund the payment by adding the value of the donation to their phone bills or by debiting a bank account.
Of course, the legal and regulatory environments in the United States differ markedly from developing markets like Kenya, where the M-pesa mobile payments service has grown so rapidly. The risk environments also differ significantly. In Kenya, a consumer faces less risk of loss in a mobile-enabled payment environment than the cash-based system that prevailed only a few years ago. U.S. consumers have many choices in payments and enjoy legal protections if service providers fail to consummate the payment transaction.
So what happens if the $20 donation instruction you sent to Haiti appears as a $200 or even a $2,000 charge on your bill? What if there is a disagreement about the error between you and your wireless carrier? What else could go wrong?
Protection for consumers
One of the growing challenges created by payment innovations is the creation of new laws and rule sets, which provide different protections depending on the payment type. This challenge is further complicated as payments converge and assume different formats along the supply chain. For example, a payment initiated via a credit card on a mobile device is subject to error resolution procedures and consumer protection standards established by the card networks. Similarly, Regulation E covers electronic transactions initiated from a bank deposit account. But if you disagree with a charge to your phone bill for a payment, it is questionable whether the error resolution provisions of Regulation E would even apply. As telecom firms become more important participants in retail payments, what laws and rule sets can consumers look to for protection when things go awry?
Of course, these issues are highly hypothetical but also very possible. Telecom firms and mobile payment service providers are filling new roles in mobile payments, forcing business models that we know today into a new paradigm. Perhaps the crisis in Haiti will serve as a catalyst for proactive thinking on risk issues so that all industry participants can work together to build a safe and trusted mobile sector of commerce.
By Cindy Merritt, assistant director of the Retail Payments Risk Forum
February 16, 2010 in collaboration, emerging payments, innovation, mobile network operator (MNO), mobile payments, telecom | Permalink
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October 20, 2009
Building a bridge: Will proactive discussions of fraud concerns help drive financial services and telecom industry collaboration in the emerging mobile payments context?
Much has been written in this blog and elsewhere about the emergence of mobile phone-enabled payments. Recently, we had the pleasure of attending two excellent conferences that stimulated thinking about how the lines between two major industries, telecoms and financial services, are beginning to blur. First was the Finovate 2009 conference in New York. Among a wide array of financial services technologies and business model demos presented was a fascinating lineup of emerging methods for accomplishing payments transactions using the mobile phone. Clearly, much new innovation is emerging in this area. Technology providers are building bridges between banks and telecoms in this environment. All of this fertile stew of ideas bears watching in the years to come.
Second, we recently attended a joint session put together by the Santa Fe Group Vendor Council and the Communications Fraud Control Association in Atlanta. This meeting offered an opportunity for those thinking about fraud controls in the payments arena and those concerned about fraud in the communications (telecoms) industry to begin to discuss issues of mutual concern as mobile payments emerge in the United States and abroad.
For example, issues at the table included the following:
- Registration protocols vary significantly between mobile services and bank payment services. This variation can complicate the forensics on a fraudulent transaction in the aftermath as either investigators within banks or telecoms or law enforcement may find it very difficult to map a transaction to a particular person through mobile payments channels.
- Authentication protocols are also differentiated because of regulatory requirements and industry practices. These protocols complicate investigations as varying audit trails create complexities.
- Malware concerns such as SMiShing in mobile phones are emerging and may be creating new and poorly understood vulnerabilities and hacker threats in the payments environment.
- Fraud detection "flags" may not be translated or communicated well between the two industries. What happens when a phone is reported as lost to the mobile carrier, and it is a fully enabled mobile wallet? Does the bank with whom the customer is affiliated also need to be notified? Does a compromised account at a bank also need to be reported to the telecom provider when the phone is a transaction device?
- Are fraud investigators duplicating efforts when they investigate a fraudulent episode involving a mobile payments transaction? How could these efforts be better coordinated?
- Do privacy restrictions in the banking and telecom environments create undue barriers to sharing of useful information to help track down bad actors?
- If a payment transaction is reliant upon an "always on" mobile connection, what happens to the transaction when and if a connection is lost midstream? Who is responsible? What about the fraud risk?
These and other issues were raised in the context of the discussion, and all agreed that further elaboration of these issues was needed to determine the best opportunities for collaborative action. However, it seemed clear that when it comes to fraud, open channels between the two industries could go a long way to ensuring effective deterrence and loss mitigation in the mobile payments environment.
On a larger scale, these conversations are likely to deepen as many of the emerging mobile payments business models take hold. In this emerging environment, collaborative cross-industry work on fraud issues could be a positive launching point for breaking down industry silos for the good of financial services and telecommunications companies, and it could benefit their customers, which will in turn further support the utilization of all those innovative mobile payments models we heard about at Finovate.
By Clifford S. Stanford, assistant vice president and director of the Retail Payments Risk Forum at the Atlanta Fed
October 20, 2009 in collaboration, fraud, innovation | Permalink
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August 10, 2009
Collaboration to address payments risks and fraud
In the world of payments, all players share an interest in seeing that risks are detected and mitigated quickly and effectively. However, when threats emerge, is it everyone for themselves? How does the variety of interests and goals among all the players converge? In a private marketplace mixed with government actors, how can we work better together?
Participants at a 2008 conference hosted by the Retail Payments Risk Forum discussed these issues and described the challenges and potential solutions. A year later, the findings of this forum are worth revisiting.
Information sharing
Real or perceived information-sharing limitations among financial institutions, regulators, law enforcement, and others can substantially impede addressing retail payments risks on a timely and effective basis. Examples include inconsistent or incomplete payments data, varying success levels of intra- and interagency collaborations, varied and overlapping jurisdictions, an incomplete network of memoranda of understanding (MOUs), privacy restrictions, perceived barriers beyond legal restrictions, competitive interests, costs, and trust. Suggestions for improvement in this area focused on:
- collection, consistency, and commonality of payments data, better understanding of its utility, and analysis tools. While data needs vary, a first step would be to focus on data elements of shared interest. A working group could facilitate ongoing payments data compilation and analysis efforts;
- formal and informal dialogue among various agencies and others, including simple measures such as shared contact lists;
- development of a "matrix" of various roles/responsibilities/information sources for shared use to facilitate more timely location of information and expertise available; and
- a more systematic, organized mechanism for information sharing, perhaps by establishing "brokers" for relevant information such as payments data.
Policing bad actors
Many noted that communication about bad actors is often ad hoc and that information is too widely dispersed to be useful and timely. Individual agency efforts, published enforcement actions, SAR filings, interbank collaborations, and industry self-regulatory efforts, while all worthwhile, have not fully promoted effective information gathering and sharing among all the parties who can have an impact. Suggestions for improvement in this area included:
- better understanding of risks across payment channels, both for front-end access point(s) and back-end processing, to mitigate fraudster arbitrage of vulnerabilities;
- publishing enforcement actions and related settlements more effectively as a deterrent;
- establishing a central "negative list" or "watch list" of bad actors;
- extending registration requirements for third parties participating in payments networks beyond existing targeted voluntary efforts;
- strengthening and clarifying regulatory guidance, such as that for counterfeit checks and consumer account statements;
- better educating consumers and banks regarding common issues;
- a more direct means of compensating victims;
- mining specific activity reports and other existing agency databases such as consumer complaints data; and
- potential new SEC codes within ACH to better track risks.
Participants identified collaborative efforts to help detect and/or mitigate retail payments risk issues and identified benefits and gaps. Examples included bank regulatory groups (intra- and interagency), national and regional law enforcement partnerships, interstate collaboration, federal-state working collaborations, joint investigative task forces, examination- or case-driven ad hoc efforts, and industry data-sharing efforts. Potential avenues for improved collaborative action included:
- a law enforcement/regulatory payments fraud working group;
- a virtual collaborative forum via Web sites, e-mail lists, or regular phone calls;
- greater attention paid to requests for comments on proposed NACHA rules;
- examiner and law enforcement training opportunities;
- participation in and/or support for industry database sharing efforts;
- engagement with industry groups to improve best practices;
- a Web-based resource for consumers supported by all ("fraud.gov");
- implementation of further MOUs among agencies; and
- efforts to identify fraud patterns across agencies, such as the federal government's Eliminating Improper Payments Initiative.
Substantive areas of concern
Participants were asked to describe substantive retail payments risk issues that keep them up at night. Some common themes emerged, including:
- strengthening the oversight of third-party payments processors and others not covered by the Bank Service Company Act;
- quantifying and better managing the misuse of remotely created checks;
- understanding and mitigating risks associated with "cross-channel" fraud;
- "Know Your Customers' Customer" due diligence, compliance, and associated risks and potential liabilities for fraud detection/mitigation purposes;
- establishing a common means of redress for consumers regardless of the payment channel; and
- improving the clarity of consumer account statements by instituting standards and reducing jargon.
Progress has been made on a number of these ideas in the past year, including the formation of new working groups and other collaborations. The Retail Payments Risk Forum continues to explore opportunities and implement solutions to help foster collaborative action to address these and other industry concerns. Your input in the form of comments to Portals and Rails on these or other topics is welcomed!
By Clifford S. Stanford, assistant vice president and director of the Retail Payments Risk Forum at the Atlanta Fed.
August 10, 2009 in bank supervision, collaboration, fraud, law enforcement | Permalink
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May 26, 2009
SARs trends, SAR Review teams, and fraud
A February 2009 report from the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that between 2000 and 2007, suspicious activity report (SAR) filings by depository institutions nearly quadrupled, from 163,000 to 649,000 per year, with 2008 promising even further growth. The GAO report posited two key forces driving the overall increase in filings: a) the deployment of automated monitoring systems that can assess suspicious activities using customer profile information and b) heightened diligence in light of several high-profile cases involving poor account monitoring by some institutions, which may have led to institutions filing more SARs "defensively" to avoid criticism.
SARs were initially associated with money laundering and terrorist financing concerns, but now, some experts note, SARs are increasingly filed for other potential suspicious activities such as identity theft and consumer fraud. Possibly this trend is a further reflection of the sophistication of integrated and automated systems deployed by some financial institutions which can detect suspicious activity of all types, or possibly this development is a manifestation of the "defensive filing" phenomenon. FinCEN Director James Freis was recently quoted in the American Banker: "I think that more bankers are realizing that the same due diligence required for AML (Anti-Money Laundering) compliance is also a powerful weapon against fraud."
Another contributing factor not mentioned by the GAO report is growth in the overall volume of banking transactions such as mortgage activity. However this factor is not likely to fully explain the very rapid growth in SAR filings in these years. Moreover, there is the question of whether the increase in SAR filings is reflective of an increase in criminal activity itself.
The 2001 National Money Laundering Strategy called for the establishment of "SAR review teams" in every federal judicial district, drawing together federal law enforcement (U.S. attorneys offices, Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Secret Service, U.S. Postal Inspection Service, etc.), federal banking regulators, and state and local law enforcement. While SARs have typically been used as supporting documents for existing cases, these SAR review teams look to SARs also for the purpose of initiating new investigations. SAR reviews by these teams may uncover links among superficially distinct SARs that can lead to criminal prosecutions, civil forfeiture actions, federal or state regulatory actions, warning letters, and/or referrals to other agencies or districts. Further, these teams help to coordinate efforts and more efficiently allocate scarce resources.
Will the confluence of increased reporting, improved data monitoring by many institutions, and proactive monitoring of SARs by SAR review teams have a measurable impact on abuse of payments systems and associated fraud?
By Clifford S. Stanford, assistant vice president and director of the Retail Payments Risk Forum at the Atlanta Fed
May 26, 2009 in bank supervision, collaboration, fraud, identity theft | Permalink
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E-learning hybrid 'can meet university education challenges'
A hybrid of e-learning and traditional education is an effective solution to the challenges of providing academic services in university. Robert Sternberg, senior vice-president, provost and professor of psychology at Oklahoma State University, wrote in an article for the Oklahoman: "Online learning can and does play an important role in higher education." Furthermore, he pointed out that its usefulness will ensure its utility in this position will continue. Students can engage in distance learning online to understand large amounts of information, such as basic biological or historical facts, he remarked. Furthermore, virtual learning environments can help to create a situatiopn that can "simulate procedural knowledge", providing vocational training such as by enabling learners to use the tools in a plane's cockpit or through other simulations, Mr Sternberg added. Driving, building, operating and other workplace skills can be acquired through online training, the professor continued, although he noted that hands-on experience is also typically required to complement this learning. E-learning also has high utility for people who cannot afford to engage in campus education, such as through monetary constraints or because of real-world responsibilities, he noted. While exclusive online training can be needed for these people, other students can benefit from "a hybrid of online learning with face-to-face learning", the specialist continued. "Online education has its place, but it will never replace face-to-face learning," he predicted. Data from the Oklahoma State University-Information Technology Department revealed that between 2007 and 2011, the university deployed online learning provisions relatively rapidly. Participants in these classes can choose to either engage wholly in distance learning online or to take part in hybrid or web-enhanced e-learning courses. There are a number of decisions that ought to be made by people taking part in online training, which enable them to direct their own education and take control.

subset: commoncrawl


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Aruba Extends Feature Velocity to Partners
One of the most promising announcements at Mobility Field Day Live with Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company for me had to be the introduction of ClearPass Extensions. The concept behind this feature is to leverage a repository within ClearPass, such that new features may be created and ran without compromising the integrity of the system and the underlying code with some sort of "engineering special". This functionality adds substantial value to an already feature rich ClearPass product.
ClearPass Extensions enabled Aruba partners such as Microsoft, Intel Security, Kasada, and Envoy to develop innovative features that may be released ahead of a major release of code which improves feature velocity and more importantly client satisfaction.
Currently this is a relatively closed system with Aruba handling the development as a professional services engagement, but as a service oriented partner we see the light at the end of the tunnel and are looking to truly create some differentiating features for our customers that provide tight integration of ClearPass with the business.
Aruba's vision for where ClearPass Extensions will go includes a developer community and an "app store" enabling customers to download or purchase apps that have been developed specifically for ClearPass. Customers can also develop their own features, or engage any third party to do the integration for them in the future.
Creating an opportunity for partners to differentiate themselves from each other and rewarding those that truly understand their customer's business is an appealing idea. Waiting on features that may take six months to be released during a standard release punishes those companies who are creative and forward looking.
This model rewards these organizations instead by giving them a competitive advantage and an option to potentially generate additional revenues depending on how the app stores comes to light. The potential opportunities of these extensions are seemingly infinite and the upside for organizations investing in this are tremendous.Share:


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Learning to walk seems hard enough without having to use those big clunky feet, but this little guy seems to be doing okay.
RELATED: Endangered Rhino Named Hope Travels Across World to Save His Species
A happy birth announcement came from the San Diego Zoo Safari Park when, after attempting to breed for 10 years, Holly the resident Southern White rhino finally produced a wee baby calf.
The birth follows a breakthrough in breeding protocol that may save the endangered species in the future.
(WATCH the Inside Edition video above…) Photo from San Diego Zoo Safari Park
Raise Awareness Of The Rhino's Hopeful Future By Clicking To Share


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Hot stuff celebs love
Olivia The Pig's adding fashion designer to her resume for her 15th anniversary. Gymboree partnered with the popular cartoon character so she can channel her inner Anna Wintour. Tiffani Thiessen's daughter Harper already loves the collection — cozy graphic sweaters, oversized sunglasses and glitter ballet flats in Olivia's signature palette of red, black and white. Gymboree.com/olivia
Fact: Maggie Q has perfect hair. When the "Stalker" star wants to step out for a casual, bohemian look, there's actually a good amount of work involved. The actress' casual, undone, sexy strands were coaxed along at New York Fashion Week by celebrity stylist Felix Fischer. He used the Biphasic Infusion by Pai-Shau, a Toronto brand inspired by Vietnamese Exotic Tea Rituals. Sold at Wax Mee Salon & Spa, Cosi Chic Salon.
Have you had your greens today? Hmm, maybe not. It's OK. There's a quick fix for that. 8G is an effervescent tablet (popped by the likes of Keri Russell and Helena Christensen) containing spinach, wheatgrass, kale, blue green algae, spirulina, chlorella, barley grass and aloe vera. Drop one in eight ounces of water, dissolve, drink. Nordstrom; $12.50 for 10.


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Big Wheels Keep Turning with Trucking Factoring Companies
Trucks are big business, yet financing loads for eighteen-wheelers can be tricky whether you run a transportation business or are an owner operator. That's why many in the freight, trucking, and transportation industry rely on freight factoring to keep their businesses firing on all cylinders. In fact, transportation factoring made up 36.4% of all factored invoices in 2016. Invoice factoring is far and away the most popular financial solution for owner operators.
Fat expenses and slim profits dominate the trucking and freight industry where cash is routinely in short supply. With trucking factoring, businesses can get the cash they need to haul their loads and meet delivery times. The process is easy when you work with the right trucking factoring company. Once you apply, they will likely ask for your invoice, a bill of lading or a proof of delivery and rate sheet. Many of the trucking companies in our list allow online or mobile uploads of documents to make it easy to finance your next load while you're on the road.
Look below to find freight factoring companies that fit your needs, fill out a quote request for fast service, or to learn more about how trucking factoring companies can help keep your wheels on the road.
Trucking factoring enables owner operators:
Fast – Get cash in as few as 48 hours or less in certain circumstances by selling your most current invoices to a freight factoring company. Factoring for trucking allows your business to keep its wheels turning, bid on new jobs, and never miss out on new opportunities.
Meet Payroll Obligations – With freight factoring services, you can make sure your truck drivers are paid on time. Payroll costs can be high for a trucking company but drivers need to be paid on time nonetheless. Freight bill factoring can keep cash flow moving so payroll obligations don't become compromised.
Cover Cash Flow – Maintaining strong cash flow can be problematic for many businesses particularly those with high expenses and low profits like trucking and transportation. That's why so many turn to trucking factoring companies to get the fast capital they need.
Good Credit Score Not Needed – Freight factoring is not a loan so you do not need to have good credit to qualify for it. While good credit may be good for other things, it doesn't matter for trucking factoring. As long as your invoices are solid and the companies you do business with have good credit, then you are an excellent candidate for freight bill factoring.
Fund Your Fuel – High gas prices put a dent in truck drivers' pockets but paying fuel expenses is a necessary cost of doing business for those in transportation. Covering high, on-going fuel expenses remains problematic. Trucking factoring can help you cover these expenses so they don't have to worry about how they'll make their next fill up. For the sake of convenience, some freight factoring companies will deposit the money from factoring directly onto drivers' fuel cards.
Learn More About Freight Factoring Companies:
- IFA Survey Lists Freight Factoring as Most Served Industry
- Hauling more with Freight Factoring
- Benefits of Working with Trucking Invoice Factoring Companies
- A Complete Guide to Factoring
Search Our List to Find Trucking Factoring Companies Near You:
1st PMF Bancorp
9701 W. Pico Blvd., 1st Floor, Los Angeles, California, 90035
A/R Funding Inc.
P.O. Box 16253, Greenville, North Carolina, 29606
(800) 756-3386
Accord Financial Group
3500 Boul De Maisonneuve O Suite 1510 Montreal, QC H3Z 3C1, Canada
Accutrac Capital
4709 N El Capitan Ave Ste 203, Fresno, CA, 93722
(866) 531-2615
ACS Factors
1202 Monte Vista Ave #20, Upland, CA, 91786
(909) 946-5599
600 university st.ste#2328 seattle, WA(Washington), Seattle, Washington, 98101
(866) 377-0800
ameriSOURCE Funding
7225 Langtry Street, Houston, Texas, 77040
(800) 876-6639
Anchor Funding Services
10801 Johnston Rd, Ste 210, Charlotte, North Carolina, 10801
Apex Capital
6000 Western Place Suite 1000, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107
Baron Finance
27 Roytec Rd #11 Woodbridge, ON L4L 8E3, Canada
Bay View Funding
2121 S. El Camino Real, San Mateo, California, 94030
(650) 645-4834
191 University Blvd. #272, Denver, Colorado, 80206
(888) 474-3863
Bibby Financial Services
600 TownPark Lane, Suite 450, Kennesaw, Georgia, 30144
Business Factors & Finance, Inc.
220 Ave I , Redondo Beach, California, 90277
Capefirst Funding
1930 Isaac Newton Square Suite 200, Reston, Virginia, 20190
(571) 424-1212
Capital Funding Solutions
2021 Tyler Street, Suite 208, Hollywood, Florida, 33020
Carolina Piedmont Capital, Inc.
5540 Centerview Drive, Ste 200, Raleigh, NC, 27606
CarrierNet Group Financial
500 W 10th St, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57104
(877) 747-2807
CBAC Funding
P.O. Box 116, Manchester, Connecticut, 06045
Charter Capital
6750 West Loop South, Suite 1010, Bellaire, TX, 77401
(713) 960-1818
CJM Financial
1014 SE Lorenz Dr., Ankeny, Iowa, 50021
Commonwealth Capital
10800 Lyndale Ave S Suite 365, Bloomington, Minnesota, 55420
(952) 469-4460
Concept Financial Group
8970 W 35W Service Dr NE Suite 100, Blaine, Minnesota, 55449
DB Squared
33320 9th Ave S. Suite 200, Federal Way, Washington, 98003
Diversified Transportation Finance
3100 Pinebrook Rd. Suite 2200, Park City, UT, 84098
(801) 821-0355
Eagle Capital Corporation
2605 Old Belden Circle, Tupelo, Mississippi, 38801
Enoble Business Capital
813 Ridge Lake Blvd., Memphis, Tennessee, 38120
1450 Bickell Ave. Suite 2660, Miami, Florida, 33131
(305) 347-9222
Factor Funding
2700 Post Oak Blvd. Suite 1400, Houston, Texas, 77056
713 -660- 8300
Factor King
1600 Expressway Plaza, Hauppauge, New York, 11788
Factors Western
Suite #204, 4321 – 23B St NE, Calgary, AB, T2E 7V9
Far West Capital
4601 Spicewood Springs RD, Building 2, Austin, Texas, 78759
FirstLine Funding Group
1400 Washington Ave, North Madison, South Dakota, 57042
Foley Carrier Services
140 Huyshope Avenue, Hartford, Connecticut, 06106
Front Range Factoring
P.O. Box 350323, Westminster, Colorado, 80035
Great Plains Transportation Services, Inc.
923 N State St, Fairmont, Minnesota, 56031
(800) 324-8214
Greenbridge Finance
2751 Hennepin Ave, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55408
Hennessey Capital
800 West University Dr. R, Rochester, Michigan, 48307
Hensley Capital Group
3655 W Quail Bldg D, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89183
Hitachi Business Finance
800 W. University, Rochester, Michigan, 48307
250 Yonge St #2201, Toronto, ON,
(866) 216-4460
Infusion Funding
60 Crescent Bend, Allendale, New Jersey, 07401
Integra Funding Solutions
6300 Ridglea Pl #1101, Fort Worth, Texas, 76116
Integrity Factoring
608 Roosevelt Ave # 8, Grand View, Idaho, 83624
Interface Financial Group
111 Woodstone Place, Dawsoville, Georgia, 30534
Interstate Capital Corporation
1255 Country Club Rd, Santa Teresa, New Mexico, 88008
(888) 512-9098
J&D Financial
12747 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, Florida, 33181
JD Factors LLC
500 Silver Spur Road, Suite 306, Palos Verdes, California, 90275
(866) 585-2274
Liquid Capital
5734 Yonge St. Suite 400 North York, ON M2M 4E7
5525 N MacArthur Blvd Ste 625 Irving, TX 55038
Magnolia Financial
187 W Broad St, Spartanburg, South Carolina, 29306
Meritus Capital
145 Pleasant Hill Ave N., Sebastopol, CA, 95472
(877) 648-3709
Nationwide Transport Finance
2650 Lake Sahara Drive – Suite 200, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89117
(800) 624-3353
New Century Financial
1610 Woodstead Court Suite 100, The Woodlands, Texas, 77380
North Mill Capital
5401 Gamble Drive Suite 200, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55416
Northwest Capital
7659 King's Pointe Road, Toledo, Ohio, 43617
Orange Commercial Credit
2108 Caton Way, SW Olympia, Washington, 98502
Paragon Financial Group
200 SE 9th St., Ft Lauderdale, Florida, 33316
(954) 524-4840
Porter Capital
2112 First Avenue N., Birmingham, Alabama, 35203
(800) 737-7344
Prestige Capital
400 Kelby St 10th floor, Fort Lee, NJ 07024
Riviera Finance
1000 Mansell Exchange Building 300, Suite #340 Alpharetta, GA 30022
10320 Little Patuxent Pkwy Suite 200 Columbia, MD 21244
1925 18th Avenue NE Suite #115 Calgary, AB T2E 7T8
8307 University Executive Park Drive, Suite #250 Charlotte, NC 28262
17 W 415 Roosevelt Rd. Oakbrook Terrace, IL 60181
1333 Corporate Dr. Suite 117 Irving,TX 75063
8400 E. Prentice Ave. Suite 1500 Greenwood Village, CO 80111
11601 Pellicano Dr., Ste. B-5 El Paso, TX 79936
50 Harrison St. Suite #310-G Hoboken, NJ 07030
8410 N. Sam Houston Pkwy W Houston, TX 77064
3635 Quakerbridge Road Suite #4 Mercerville, NJ 08619
5870 SW 8th Street Suite # 6 Miami, FL 33144
3470 Washington Drive Suite #206 Eagan, MN 55122
3102 West End Ave. Suite 400 Nashville, TN 37203
4334 Northwest Expressway Suite 242 Oklahoma City, OK 73116
1 International Plaza Suite 550 Philadelphia, PA 19113
1029 H St. Suite 102 Sacramento, CA 95814
2025 Gateway Place Suite #370 San Jose, CA 95110
10430-1 Pioneer Blvd. Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670
1100 Dexter Avenue N. Suite #100 Seattle, WA 98109
2605 Enterprise Road East Suite #250 Clearwater, FL 33759
5780 Timberlea Blvd. Suite #103 Mississauga, ON L4W4W8
310 Airport Road Suite #500 Williston, ND 58801
1100 Dexter Avenue N. Suite #100 Seattle, WA 98109
Robinson Factors, Incorporation
244 Fifth Avenue · Suite W226 , New York, New York , 10001
(212) 498-9756
RTS Financial
9300 Metcalf, Suite 301, Overland Park, Kansas, 66212
(888) 495-7316
Security Business Capital
600 N Marienfeld St, Midland, TX, United States
(844) 620-6500
Seven Oaks Capital
7854 Anselmo Lane, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70817
Southwest Funding Solutions
3233 W. Peoria Avenue Suite 118, Phoenix, Arizona, 85029
Southwest Trade Services LLC
20 Pacifica, Suite 360, Irvine, California, 92618
Sterling Commercial Credit
10559 Citation Drive Suite 204, Brighton, Michigan, 48116
TBS Factoring Service
3909 N Classen Blvd, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73118
TCI Business Capital
12270 Nicollet Ave South, Burnsville, Minnesota, 55337
TransAM Financial Services
15910 S. Hwy 169 Olathe, Olathe, Kansas, 66062
Transfac Capital Inc.
257 East 200 South, Suite 350, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84111
Transportation Funding Group
7600 Wayzata Blvd, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55426
Triumph Business Capital
701 Canyon Dr #100, Coppell, TX, 75019
(868) 368-2482
Universal Funding
16201 East Indiana Avenue Suite 2600, Spokane Valley, Washington, 99216


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Month: August 2015
Life's Sweet Repeat
He recalls that hot summer day many sleeps ago spent fishing with his grandpa, sipping Mountain Dew by the lake, and not really caring if the fish were biting. Was it really that long ago that he got the wood sliver in an oh so unfriendly spot while perched on the rickety wooden swing. Higher and faster he flew, as close to the top of the tree branches as he could see, sunshine melting his cheeks, breeze in his hair, and tennis shoes loosely tied, feet pointing like a retriever well above his head. Happy times giving way to simple childhood pleasures; nothing but God and nature keeping him company. He sighs now and tries to swing upward from the sliverless old folk's recliner, older yes, but wiser, well that's just a matter of opinion. He makes his way to the cabin window, peering out to watch in nostalgic pleasure as the newest grandson pumps his feet to the sky and reaches toward heaven. Life's sweet repeat. Nothing left to do but smile and maybe invite him in to wet his whistle with a swig of Mountain Dew for old time sake. Jody Doty
©2015 Meditations and Musings by Jody Doty


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Cleanzine: your weekly cleaning and hygiene industry newsletter 14th November 2019 Issue no. 894
Your industry news - first Number 1 for Recruitment
We strongly recommend viewing Cleanzine full size in your web browser. Click our masthead above to visit our website version.
CMS going to plan innovation and 'People & Business' congress looking to be real highlights
With some 150 days to go before the start of CMS 2015 Berlin - Cleaning.Management.Services, Messe Berlin reports that preparations are making very good progress. "Almost all the available hall space has already been reserved," says Dr. Christian Goeke, chief executive officer of Messe Berlin GmbH.
"All the main market leaders and many small and medium-sized companies from all areas of the cleaning industry have registered to attend and have announced an extensive range of innovations and improvements in the fields of cleaning machines and cleaning products.
"This ensures that CMS will again be a leading event of the year in Europe for the cleaning sector."
The venue, Berlin, is at the heart of the main market for commercial cleaning systems and cleaning chemicals in Europe. Consequently CMS is a major attraction for companies and service providers in all areas of this business sector.
From 22nd to 25th September, this international cleaning trade fair provides a comprehensive review of products, systems and processes for the entire field of commercial cleaning. Approximately 25,000 sq.m of hall and outdoor display space at Berlin ExpoCenter City are available for presenting products, equipment and processes.
The organisers expect participation to match the record levels of the previous event. More than 360 exhibitors from 20 countries and over 16,000 trade visitors from 65 countries will be using this fair for the purposes of information, creating business contacts and strengthening existing business links.
Trade visitors can obtain information about specific target groups at CMS. The 'Groundcare' show features machinery, equipment and accessories for maintaining green spaces, roads and paths, and for winter services, all concentrated in Hall 2.2. Exhibitors will be using the display area devoted to 'Glass and Facade Cleaning' and 'Aerial Work Platforms' in front of the South Entrance to demonstrate a wide range of machinery and equipment under realistic working conditions. 'Design' is always a topical subject and in Hall 1.2 the finalists of the CMS Purus Awards can be seen for the entire duration of the fair on their own presentation area.
In collaboration with a number of professional associations, programmes will be presented during CMS aimed at specific target groups, such as the hotel trade, domestic services and the representatives of municipal facilities.
Joint presentation by the supporting associations
The supporting associations of CMS 2015 are the Federal Cleaning Trades Association (BIV), Bonn, the Trade Association for Cleaning Systems in the German Mechanical Engineering and Plant Construction Association (VDMA), Frankfurt/Main, and the Hygiene Industry Association (IHO), Frankfurt/Main. The three supporting associations will be staging a joint presentation at the fair in Hall 3.2. Leading representatives of the supporting associations stated their views about the current situation in the industry and the significance of this year's CMS during today's press conference in Berlin:
Markus Asch, chairman of the Trade Association for Cleaning Systems in the VDMA:
"The machine manufacturers regard CMS optimistically and are looking forward to high attendance levels and many interesting discussions, new contacts and a greater international dimension to this event. On the German market the approximately 50 suppliers of cleaning systems for commercial and industrial applications, employing some 5,200 people, achieved a turnover of just under 930 mi. euros last year. Exports currently account for around 72% of sales by German manufacturers, who have an 18% share of the world market, while in Europe they account for 49% of the market. On the domestic market the first quarter of 2015 was stable, compared with the turbulence on foreign markets. Positive tendencies were apparent, for example in the USA and the UK, and the situation also stabilised in Spain, but such important markets as Russia and Brazil in particular, continue to be of concern to companies, with no apparent signs of an improvement.
"Three aspects are of particular importance to the industry. Firstly there is the subject of sustainability against the background of statutory regulations and directives, as well as customers' requirements, which significantly exceed those specified by law. Another is the 'Internet of things": the increasing digitisation of the world of work, 'Industry 4.0' and the subject of 'Big Data' will become even more important for the cleaning machinery industry too, for promoting innovation and growth. The third subject concerns the public perception of cleaning. In this context the industry associations and the cleaning industry have joined forces and, with their 'European Cleaning Days' campaign, they intend to create a greater public awareness of 'Professional Cleaning'."
Thomas Dietrich, deputy chairman of the Federal Cleaning Trades Association:
"For the providers of building cleaning services, CMS 2015 is undoubtedly the outstanding trade show this year, and a visit is absolutely essential. This has been emphatically confirmed by the constant rise in attendance in recent years. CMS is acquiring an increasingly international dimension, and our CMS Congress again acknowledges this development. Members of the board of the WFBSC, the World Federation of Building Service Contractors, will be meeting on 22nd September during CMS. And I can report to you today that the 22nd World Congress of the WFBSC will be taking place in Berlin in 2017 during CMS. We are eagerly awaiting this event, which we consider to be the ideal opportunity for a global exchange of views within our industry.
"According to the latest findings of the Federal Statistical Office the building cleaning trade employed 620,206 people in 2012, an increase of 2.2% over the previous year. We expect the total number of employees to have declined slightly to around 607,000 in 2014. The trend that has been evident for a number of years of an increase in the number of people required to pay social insurance contributions in our businesses appears to have stabilised and is a result, for example, of more so-called daytime cleaning, which takes place during customers' operating and working times. As expected, this trend will also be reflected among the exhibitors at CMS, and some of the main items in this context include low-noise machinery and flexibly deployable cleaning equipment.
"In 2012 the number of companies in our industry expanded by almost 5% to 23,197. For the first time in many years, in particular since the abolition of the master craftsman proviso, a slight decline of around 1.9%is forecast for 2014.
And in 2012 turnover reached the 14 billion euro mark for the first time, with industry earnings exceeding 14.25 billion euros. Index projections assuming increases of 3.9% and 4% for 2013 and 2014 respectively lead us to expect that, in absolute terms, the turnover has in fact already exceeded 15 billion."
Werner Schulze, chairman of the Building Cleaning Division of the IHO:
"Since its founding CMS has evolved into the industry event. The constantly rising number of exhibitors and its growing international importance are impressive evidence of this. At CMS in September member firms of the IHO will surprise visitors not only with new products but also with some innovative services. CMS provides a forum for manufacturers of cleaning agents and disinfectants to present their products and services. The member firms of the IHO, who supply the service sector, will again be represented in their entirety at CMS here in Berlin. To show how robust our sector is, the workforce of approximately 5,000 generates annual sales totalling some 850 million euros.
"This year's CMS is taking place against the background of a difficult economic situation. The market for cleaning and care products for the building cleaning sector continues to report that sales are stagnating. The cost situation forces customers to economise on the amount of chemicals used as well as reducing cleaning intervals, and the effects continue to be felt. A lowering of hygiene standards is particularly apparent in the public sector, and unfortunately it is all too easily forgotten that appropriate, professional cleaning is a prerequisite for maintaining the value of buildings."
Conference highlight: 2nd International CMS Congress
In the discussions at the 2nd International CMS Congress, the focus is on the factors of 'People and Business'. With this choice of topic the conference will examine the two decisive components that have a significant influence on commercial enterprises in the cleaning industry. Leading figures from the cleaning sector around the world, from Europe, the USA, South Africa, India and China, will be discussing current aspects of this subject in a global context. The CMS Congress enjoys the active support of the European Federation of Cleaning Industries EFCI, the European Cleaning Machines Association EUnited and the International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products A.I.S.E.
"The venue for the congress, which takes place on 23rd and 24th September, is Marshall-Haus, a listed building on the Berlin Exhibition Grounds, and the proceedings will be translated simultaneously into German, English and French.
"In addition, on all four days of the show, the practically oriented CMS Forum 2015 will feature fascinating and highly topical contributions on subjects such as wage policy, hygiene, health and trends in the cleaning sector (Hall 1.2, Stuttgart Room).
Highlight at the start of the fair: CMS Purus Awards
Messe Berlin invites all the exhibitors at CMS Berlin 2015 to submit their products or solutions for this year's CMS Purus Awards 2015. A panel of leading experts will select the most innovative and functional products with outstanding design qualities.
These highly coveted awards for design, function and innovation are presented in five categories: Machines, Equipment, Washroom Hygiene, Management Systems and Software, and Brand Communication. Once again the CMS Purus Awards are being organised in association with the International Design Centre Berlin (IDZ).
Information for visitors
CMS 2015 will be taking place daily from 22nd to 25th September between 10:00 and 17:00 in Halls 1.2 to 4.2 (southern entrance). Admission prices are 21 euros for a day ticket, 10 euros for a reduced-rate ticket and 32 euros for an unlimited pass. Tickets to CMS can be bought easily from the online ticket shop and be printed out at home (www.cms-berlin.de / Visitor Service). The P 18 area opposite Halls 25/26 is available for parking. Visitors travelling by S-Bahn should alight at Messe Süd. Access by cab is via the southern entrance on Jafféstrasse.
30th April 2015


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Experience your own 655-acre private retreat, with a 9-hole golf course, picnic and recreation areas, lakes, creeks, and miles of trails
The spacious two-level, six-bedroom main house overlooks Main Lake. It has two fully stocked kitchens as well as barbecues, games, and entertainment for the whole family.
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Almay Ranch is available for rental for two or more nights. The main house sleeps 25 and the Skinny Barn cottage accommodates 2 adults and 3 youths.


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- Category Movies
- Type HD
- Language English
- Total size 1.6 GB
- Uploaded By Trige
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- Last checked 10 months ago
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The people of the planet Aeon, blessed with six suns, have never experienced night. When an archeological excavation uncovers evidence of an ancient catastrophe, all signs point towards the impending darkness of the very Nightfall. Panic erupts as the suns slowly disappear one by one. Science struggles against superstition as the people race to comprehend the approaching Nightfall... the end of the world as they know it. Based on Isaac Asimov's classic story "Nightfall" voted "The Greatest Sciense-Fiction Story Of All Time."
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1970 Ford Torino Torino GT Fastback 429 Cobra Jet
Sale price: $42,900.00 make an offer
Technical specifications, photos and description:
|Grabber Blue
|Torino GT Fastback 429 Cobra Jet
|Interior Color:
|Vehicle Title:
|Got questions?
|Ask here!
Do you like this car?
1970 Ford Torino Torino GT Fastback 429 Cobra Jet for sale
Click the icon to hear our commercial!CALL US TODAY TO MAKE AN OFFER 636-600-4600 sales@motoexotica. com
MotoeXotica Classic Cars will ensure your online buying experience will be a pleasurable one from start to finish. We have been selling classic and exotic cars exclusively since 1987! We have been a pioneer and trusted. top-rated eBay seller since 1999 with thousands of positive feedbacks and are a proud member of the BBB with an A+ rating! We are located in St. Louis. Missouri in a brick and mortar 60. 00 sq. ft. building under one roof on 5 acres with over 200 cars in stock.
To secure a car. we ask for a nominal $500. 00 deposit and give you a 7-day grace period to inspect the car. If you or an agent. upon completion of a scheduled inspection at our St. Louis location. find the car not to your liking. we will refund your deposit with no questions asked. This is unique to our industry!
We offer financing through the best lenders in the industry with competitive rates. If you should need financing to put this car in your garage. call us today at 636-600-4600. we will make it happen for you!
Please see my "ME" Page for classic cars. sport & exotic cars. muscle cars. antique & vintage cars. rat & hot rods. motorcycles and more all listed on eBay.1970 Ford Torino GT Fastback Description
1970 Ford Torino GT Fastback 429 Cobra Jet
One of 255 produced with this engine/transmission pair Same owner for 22 years! Finished in vivid Grabber Blue exterior with black vinyl (code 6A) interior C6 three-speed automatic transmission (code U) Ford nine-inch rear end with 3. 25 gearing (code 9) Rare SelectAire factory air conditioning Power steering Dual exhausts with chrome tips Black body stripes Dual sport mirrors and hood scoop Magnum 500 wheels with Cooper Cobra radials Documentation includes Deluxe Marti Report. original owner's manual and hard to find factory build sheet
Looking to relive the big sport coupe American muscle car era all over again? Want to have the power and sound of Ford's 429cid Cobra Jet big block engine? MotoeXotica Classic Cars has a ride ready to take back to 1970 with this Grabber Blue 1970 Ford Torino GT Fastback. This car received loving care from the same previous owner for 22 years!
Dressed in Grabber Blue paint that is in excellent condition. the order for this car was received on June 24. 1970. built on July 20. 1970 (13 days behind schedule) in Ford's Atlanta. Georgia factory and shipped to the Kansas City area. where it was sold on July 30. 1970 at James Campbell. Inc. . on 40 Highway in Blue Springs. Missouri. It was equipped with the following features – black laser stripes. G70x14 belted white sidewall tires. power steering. rarely ordered SelectAire air conditioning. AM radio and tinted glass.
The car's glass panels are in very good order. The only blemish is a score arc from a previous driver's windshield wiper. The car's lights are in excellent order. as are the tires. Cooper Cobra GT radials. 225/70R14 at all four corners and Magnum 500 wheels. The car's body panels are solid and straight. the engine bay is very tidy. the battery looks new and the bumpers are also in fantastic shape.
Under the scooped hood is Ford's 429 CID Cobra Jet big-block V-8 (code C) with a Rochester Quadrajet 700 cfm carburetor. larger camshaft. 11. 3:1 compression ratio and a special set of cylinder heads. It breathes via dual exhausts with chrome tips and mated to a C6 three-speed automatic transmission (code U) and a Ford nine-inch rear end with 3. 25 gearing (code 9). The Ford 385 engine family (the name came from the 3. 85 inch crankshaft stroke of the 460 V-8 was the Ford Motor Company's final big block V8 engine design. replacing the Ford MEL engine and gradually superseding the Ford FE engine family. ) This design was a departure from the paradigm. utilizing thin wall casting methods and a skirtless block to reduce weight.
Inside. the black vinyl bench seat is in excellent condition. with matching carpet in very good order. The black headliner is in good shape and the instrument panel is in mostly good condition but the gauge faces present some fade. The factory two-spoke steering wheel is in very good shape. as are the door panels. The dual sport sideview mirrors (there is no rearview mirror) and the gear shifter are in good condition. Completed the interior is a factory Philco AM radio. Interiors on the Torino were all new for 1970. The dashboard featured a linear style speedometer centered on the driver. and a new "ribbon" style tachometer was an option for V8 models. A temperature gauge was the only available gauge; oil pressure and electrics were monitored with warning lights only. High back bucket seats were available for all two-door models. as was an optional console; the GT model no longer had the former as standard features. All two-door hardtop. SportsRoof and convertible models featured "DirectAire" ventilation systems as a standard feature. which eliminated the need for side vent windows. This Torino is factory equipped with air conditioning but currently is inoperable but is complete. Also the horn is inoperable.
For 1970. the Torino now became the primary model and the Fairlane was a sub-series of Torino. Ford moved away from emulating the boxy lines of the full-size Fords to a completely new body for the 1970 Torino/Fairlane line. influenced by coke bottle styling. Just as tailfins were influenced by jet aircraft of the 1950s. stylists such as Ford stylist Bill Shenk who designed the 1970 Ford Torino were inspired by supersonic aircraft with narrow waists and bulging forward and rear fuselages needed to reach supersonic speeds.
The new car featured a more prominent long hood. short deck styling and was longer. lower and wider than the 1969 models. The roofline was lower. while all models now featured a much less formal roofline than previous years. The windshield rake was increased and the SportsRoof models had an even flatter fastback roofline. The overall styling appeared much more aerodynamic than years previous and featured a pointed front end. The grille covered the full width of the front fascia and surrounded the quad headlights. The front fender line extended to front door. sloping downward and gradually disappearing in the quarter panel. Both front and rear bumpers were slim tight fitting chromed units that carefully followed the bodylines. The taillights were situated in the rear panel above the bumper and were now long rectangular units with rounded outer edges.
The new body for 1970 added inches and pounds to the Torino. All cars grew by about five inches in length and now rode on a 117-inch wheelbase. The wheel track was widened [front 60. 5″. rear 60″]. to help the Torino improve its road holding abilities. Although the track was widened. the suspension remained unchanged from the 1969 models. Weight was up for most models by at least 100 lbs.
The Torino GT came standard with non-functional hood scoop molded into the hood. GT emblems (including the center of the grille). dual color-keyed sport mirrors. full width tail lights with a honeycomb effect (the center portion was non-functional but reflective). black decklid appliques (SportsRoof only). and hub caps with wheel trim rings. Standard tires for the GT were E70-14 fiberglass belted tires. while convertibles wore F70-14s. New options for the Torino GT were a reflective laser stripe. which ran down the middle of the side of the Torino from the front fender to the door. and hideaway headlamps. Motor Trend magazine tested a 1970 Torino GT SportsRoof with a 429 CJ. C-6 Automatic and 3. 50:1 gears. and obtained a 0-60 mph time of 6. 0 seconds. while the quarter mile took 14. 4 seconds at 100. 2 mph.
Overall. 1970 was a successful year for Torino. It was a well-received car by the automotive press and was selected as the Motor Trend Car of the Year for 1970. Motor Trend said the Torino was "Not really a car line in the old sense. but a system of specialty cars. each for a different use … from luxury to performance. " Ford produced 230. 11 Torinos for 1970. along with 110. 29 Fairlanes and 67. 53 Falcons. for a total production of 407. 93 units.
Documentation includes Deluxe Marti Report. original owner's manual and hard to find factory build sheet.
Competition to this Ford in 1970 included AMC's Javelin two-door hardtop. Chevrolet's Chevelle SS 454. Dodge's Coronet Super Bee two-door hardtop. Mercury's Montego MX two-door hardtop and Studebaker's Avanti II.
This car is currently located at our facility in St. Louis. Missouri. Current mileage on the odometer shows 29. 50 miles. It is sold as is. where is. on a clean and clear. mileage exempt title. GET OUT AND DRIVE!!!
Note: Please see full terms and conditions listed below that pertain to the purchase of any said vehicle. thank you.Specifications Asking Price: Miles: 29. 50 VIN: 0A35C270805 Year: 1970 Make: Ford Model: Torino GT Fastback Title: Clear Warranty: No Condition: Used Options: Engine: V8 Transmission: Automatic Body: Coupe Doors: 2 doors Stock Number: 161206 Lot Number: Exterior: Blue Interior: Black Video Terms & Condtions
ALL SALES ARE FINAL WITH CAR BEING SOLD WHERE/IS. AS/IS. ! TO BID YOU MUST BE OVER 18 and pay with a money order. cashier's check or wire transfer. Please do not bid without the intent to finalize this transaction. Sorry. NO bid retractions allowed. ask questions BEFORE you bid. Your bid is a binding contract.
EBay is an advertising tool and many of our vehicles sell before the auction ends. Call us today at 636-600-4600 to make this vehicle yours! Seller reserves the right to end auction early. We ask for a nominal $500. 00 refundable deposit. This is unique to our industry!
Motoexotica Classic Cars has been a part of eBay Motors since 1999 and has maintained a great reputation and 100% positive feedback. We would like to keep it that way for future customers! The Vehicle is being sold by a Licensed State of Missouri Dealer (Motoexotica Classic Cars. LLC). You will need to check with your local government for any special rules regarding these older vehicles passing any inspections. We will not be held liable for any vehicle not passing inspection.
The vehicle is offered with a right to a personal inspection by any bidder or agent. If you or an agent upon completion of a scheduled inspection at our St. Louis location finds the car not to your liking. we will refund your deposit with no questions asked. Feedback MUST be left before the vehicle is released to the buyer/agent/shipper. If you are the high bidder and unable to inspect said vehicle before auction close. you or an agent will have seven (7) days to inspect said vehicle after the close of auction. I encourage a physical inspection strongly to avoid any misunderstandings or representations.
All disputes arising out of or resulting from this sale shall be finally determined by binding arbitration in St. Louis. Missouri in accordance with the commercial rules of arbitration of the American Arbitration Association. The arbitration shall be carried out by one or more arbitrators in accordance with said rules. Any award shall be enforceable in any court of competent jurisdiction in the same manner as judgments. This agreement to arbitrate shall survive the sale of the automobile described herein. Buyer and Seller hereby agree that Missouri law shall control for all purposes under this Bill of Sale. Buyer and Seller hereby consent to the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts of Missouri to specifically enforce the agreement to arbitrate and to enter judgment of and enforce the award of the arbitrator. All above terms and conditions are applied to vehicle sales. whether through EBay or otherwise.Payment Terms
Payment must be made by Cashiers Check. Money Orders or Wire Transfers payable in US Dollars. A Refundable deposit in the amount of $500. 00 must be received within Twenty-Four (24) hours of the auctions close either by Master Card. Visa. Discover or PayPal (Credit Cards or PayPal for deposit only NOT for full payment). Purchaser cannot make any claims of ownership to said vehicle without payment in full. The buyer has seven (7) days from close of auction to inspect the vehicle. If an inspection or decision takes longer than seven days and you find the vehicle not to your liking. your deposit will be forfeited and the car will be relisted. Final payment must be received within ten (10) days of the auction close. The refundable deposit only applies if you or an agent inspect said vehicle in St. Louis and find it not to your liking. Documentation Fee: There will be a $195. 00 fee added to each car sold. This includes title transfer. inventory tax. holding costs. vehicle preparation. storage and priority documentation delivery.
We will not be responsible for buyer's remorse or problems found to said vehicle once they have left our property. We are just being realistic; most of the cars we deal in are vintage and by their very nature will need TLC and some degree of attention sooner or later. These are not new cars and your expectation should not be of a perfect. new car. Once full payment has been received. Seller will email or fax a copy of clear title. Bill of Sale. Buyers Guide and additional DMV forms to the Buyer to sign and return via email or fax. The fully-executed forms must be returned to the Seller prior to the shipment of said vehicle. Original paperwork will be sent to Buyer via USPS Priority Mail within ten (10) days from date of final payment.Transportation
For a quote on shipping anywhere in the world. please feel free to email us at sales@Motoexotica. com or call 636-600-4600. We will give you an estimated cost for open and enclosed transport or overseas. We are happy to accommodate our international buyers! Over the last several decades we have exported thousands of cars to Norway. Germany. Estonia. Puerto Rico. Hawaii. Alaska. Costa Rica. Brazil. British Columbia. Canada and many other locations around the world. Overseas shipments will be placed into a steel container for safe sea passage or optional roll-on/roll-off (RoRo). We take care of all the details and paperwork. All you have to do is collect the car at your nearest port and enjoy! Please note that we are not a transport company and only offer this service as a convenience to our customers. You are more than welcome to arrange your own shipping. Transportation will commence only after final payment and signed documentation are received.Financing
We offer financing through many of the best lenders in the industry. They are currently offering very attractive rates for all collector and special interest automobiles. With loan amounts from $10. 00 to $500. 00. and flexible terms of up to 12 years. you can finance the car of your dreams. Call us at 636-600-4600 for additional details.Warranty
ALL SALES ARE FINAL WITH CAR BEING SOLD WHERE IS. AS IS! The vehicle is offered with a right to a personal inspection by any bidder or agent of any bidder. The vehicle is available for inspection prior to bidding. If you are the high bidder and unable to inspect said vehicle before auction close. you or an agent will have (7) days to inspect said vehicle after the close of auction. I encourage a physical inspection strongly to avoid any misunderstandings or representations. All used vehicles should be assumed to have some degree of wear. No vehicle is perfect to everyone. Each vehicle has its strengths. styles. tendencies and shortcomings. Therefore. despite our best efforts to verify a vehicle's mechanical condition. we are not able to warranty a manufacturer's workmanship or previous owner's diligence in care. It is for this reason that all vehicles are sold "WHERE/IS. AS/IS". We have described the above mentioned vehicle to the best of our ability. However. with all classic and exotic vehicles. the condition is subjective. Please be advised that no oral or written statements concerning any vehicle constitutes a representation or warranty of the condition of the said vehicle.
INDUSTRY UNIQUE RETURN POLICY: If for any reason you receive your vehicle and have buyer's remorse. are not happy with the vehicle or just don't want it for any reason we will purchase the car back from you. We must be notified in writing of your decision to return the vehicle within seven (7) days of your receipt of said vehicle. The vehicle may not have more than 75 additional miles on the odometer from the time it left our possession and be returned in the same condition that it left. You WILL be responsible for a restocking fee that will equal 20% of the purchase price of the vehicle. no exceptions. You will also be responsible for shipping the vehicle back to our shop at your expense.
Copyright © 1999-2017 MotoeXotica. All Rights Reserved. All other trademarks. names and anything else implied in this document are owned and protected by their respective owners.
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is researcher at SBA Research.
- Phone: +43 (1) 505 36 88
- Fax: +43 (1) 505 88 88
Research Interests
Her interests include mobile application and web security, social engineering and information security. Her current research focuses on Wi-Fi security.
She received a bachelor's degree in Business Informatics from the TU Wien and is currently working on her master thesis in Software Engineering. Stefanie has worked as a software developer and security awareness trainer for several years.
Mapping Information Security Standard ISO 27002 to an Ontological Structure (2016)
- Information and Computer Security
author = {Stefan Fenz and S. Plieschnegger and Heidelinde Hobel},
title = {Mapping Information Security Standard ISO 27002 to an Ontological Structure},
journal = {Information and Computer Security},
year = {2016},
pdf = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/ICS-07-2015-0030?journalCode=ics},


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