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It's hard to launch a product into a market place where that kind of product already exists. Then it's particularly satisfying when your product soon becomes the market leader. That's exactly what happened back in the early nineties when Microtext launched a teletext decoder for the PC. A major part of the launch was the press release and a significant role was played by this photograph…
Taken well before the days of computer based photo editing the picture was produced by 1) taking a picture of the teletext card against a black background, 2) Taking another picture of the teletext card with a Polaroid back on the camera, then, 3) Cutting out the poloroid print, spraying it matt black and suspending it via cotton threads between the camera and the computer screen.
The press released was published in the news sections of all of the major computer magazines at the time including some which still exist today such as Personal Computer World and Computer Shopper. Microtext featured in the news sections alongside names like Novell, IBM, Lotus and Microsoft.


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Today we'll look at the gift of counsel. This gift helps us to have a good conscience and keep on the path that leads to God. Simply put, it allows us to make the right decision in a particular situation. More than "good judgment", counsel is a supernatural gift sent to us from God. In Psalm 32, God reminds us of His assistance:
"I will instruct you and show you the way you should walk, give you counsel and watch over you" (Ps 32:8).
While it's comforting to know that the Lord provides this gift, we often neglect to make use of it when we need it. As humans, it's often difficult to break from the attachment to our own judgment and trust in the counsel provided by the Holy Spirit. In his book The Way, St. Josemaria Escriva writes, "Never make a decision without first stopping to consider the matter in the presence of God." Unfortunately, we often ignore this advice and, as a result, make many "bad" decisions.
Jesus assures us of the effectiveness of this gift in the following Scriptural passages:
"When they hand you over, do not worry about how you are to speak or what you are to say. You will be given at that moment what you are to say. For it will not be you who speak but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you." (Mt 10:19-20)
"The Advocate, the holy Spirit that the Father will send in my name–he will teach you everything and remind you of all that I told you." (Jn 14:26)
We'll close with a prayer for an increase in the gift of counsel written by St. Alphonsus Liguori:
Holy Spirit, divine Consoler, I adore You as my true God, with God the Father and God the Son. I adore You and unite myself to the adoration You receive from the angels and saints. I give You my heart and I offer my ardent thanksgiving for all the grace which You never cease to bestow on me. Grant me the gift of counsel, so that I may choose what is more conducive to my spiritual advancement and may discover the wiles and snares of the tempter.
Next: The Gift of Fortitude

subset: commoncrawl


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Tuesday, March 22, 2011
Inspiration Wednesday
I love this Tutu, went to the kid Gap at AC/NJ outlet and saw these tutu, I left it thinking it would've not fit me smh, first thing tomorrow..I will be in the hunt for them, wish me luck hope the reg Gap still have them.
Styling tips
OMG, I've been avoiding my blog :( I have too many things going on, working on different project and going to the gym to get my body ready for my trip in 3 weeks, I am very exciting and looking forward to this trip.
Anyway, this is my favorite season of the year, Spring/Summer and my post will be all about colors, colors and more colors.. HAppy second day of spring :)
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On Sunday 22nd October the Great South Run returns to Portsmouth and it's 10 mile scenic course.
Starting and finishing on Clarence Esplanade in Southsea, the fast and flat course takes you through Old Portsmouth, home of the Portsmouth Cathedral, before entering the Historic Dockyard. Here you're granted permission to run past the Royal Navy's current naval ships, and some of the most famous in the world – including HMS Victory, HMS Warrior and the Mary Rose museum.
After exiting the Dockyard you reach the halfway point on Winston Churchill Avenue, before making your way back towards Southsea Common, where you'll complete the final two miles on the scenic seafront.
The course is steeped in history dating as far back as 1212 and features charity cheering points, boost zones, bands on the run and unrivalled support from local residents and spectators.
The weekend also includes the Great South Run 5k and the Junior and Mini Great South Run, which are staged the day before the 10 mile event.
Join the Great South Run on Sunday 22nd October, the day kicks of at 7:00am. Entry is £41.


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Thursday, 9 July 2015
Week 3 Lions Primer
3 comments:
"Given enough time, any man may master the physical. With enough knowledge, any man may become wise. It is the true warrior who can master both....and surpass the result." - Tien T'aiReplyDelete
- Anonymous10 July 2015 at 14:29
I was at the game last weekend and it seemed like mass confusion on the sidelines. There were 3 defensive coaches sending signals in to the huddle and numerous player changes on each down. One of which caused the riders to take their timeout.ReplyDelete
If the coaches are confused then the players are as well
- Anonymous11 July 2015 at 13:22
Luc, seems to me there must be something Chamblin is not doing or is doing that the other team keys on in the fourth quarter. Clearly Harris saw something and went to his coach with. The coach who said he would rather lose going for it than not certainly is not calling the game that way. Anyway any comment on the fourth quarter thing?ReplyDelete


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So your mom has started complaining that you're using that beanbag in the corner of your bedroom as a drop-spot for clothes more than the closet? The drawer dresser from the Gabriella collection just may be the solution to both your mom's and your own woes. "What's so great about this dresser?" you ask. Well, for starters, there are NINE drawers where you can throw in (folded or not, it's up to you) t-shirts and jeans. Toss them in and then give the drawer a push! The drawer does the rest for you with its self-closing whisper-shut operating system that is totally nerdy to like, but irresistibly cool. And that's not it. The top left drawer features a flip-front and cord management, providing you with a place to set up your DVD player or gaming system. In the top right drawer there is a felt-lined tray where jewelry, trinkets, and baby teeth not picked up by the tooth fairy can be kept. The tray can be removed to reveal hidden storage below, providing you with the perfect storage space to keep pesky brothers and sisters at bay. Sounds good, right? It's time to check it out for yourself.
The Gabriella Nine-Drawer Dresser with Top Left Media Drawer & Removable Felt-Lined Trays by Smartstuff at Reeds Furniture in the Los Angeles, Thousand Oaks, Simi Valley, Agoura Hills, Oxnard, Calabassas, Malibu, California area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
Dear Mom and Dad,I know we don't always see eye to eye - you want storage, I want style - but, I'm happy to tell you, I finally figured out the definition of "compromise," and I'd like to introduce you to the Gabriella collection. This stuff is SO cool. Just take a look! Not only does it have this clean white finish that will go perfectly with my hot pink bedspread (and the lime green one that we'll need to talk about later), but it's got all these little things, like flower carvings and really cute turned feet, that will give my bedroom that vintage flair I've been DYING to have! And, to make you happy, it's got all these great organization spaces and aids. The dressers have hidden compartments under jewelry trays, plus dividers in the bigger drawers where I promise to attempt keeping my jeans separated from my t-shirts. The floor mirror slides open with a space to store my accessories inside, and even the desk chair's seat lifts up. The vanity desk would be a super-stylish place for me to surf the web, ahem, I mean, get homework done. Did I tell you about the electronics charging station in the nightstand and dressing chest yet? If not, you totally have to check those out too! See? I think finding this Gabriella collection and bringing it to your attention showcases my blossoming maturity. So can we makeover my room already?!
The Gabriella collection is a great option if you are looking for Traditional furniture in the Los Angeles, Thousand Oaks, Simi Valley, Agoura Hills, Oxnard, Calabassas, Malibu, California area.
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item.
Browse other items in the Gabriella collection from Reeds Furniture in the Los Angeles, Thousand Oaks, Simi Valley, Agoura Hills, Oxnard, Calabassas, Malibu, California area.
This item has been tagged as: Dresser, Bedroom Dresser, Dresser Chest, Chest of Drawers, Dresser Set, Dresser and Mirror, Bedroom Furniture, Bedroom Storage, Bureau, Clothing Storage, Linen Storage, Bedroom Cabinet, Chiffonier, Bedroom Closet, Highboy, Wardrobe, Vanity, Vanity with Hutch, Make - Up Table, Make Up Table with Hutch, Dresser to Sit At, Vanity Dressers, Large Commode
Nothing on this page may be copied or reproduced without explicit permission.


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- Drawing the knife towards you instead of away from your body.
- Working with a dull blade. (Dull blades require more pressure, increasing the potential for injury).
- Trying to cut more than the knife can handle.
- Improperly storing the knife with the blade extended.
- Failing to wear personal protective equipment like cut-resistant gloves.
- Neglecting to inspect the tool before use.
The following are safety precautions to keep in mind when using utility knives:
- Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes in case a blade breaks.
- Always use a sharp blade. They are safer than a dull blade.
- Wear cut resistant gloves and sleeves (at least level 3) to protect your hands, fingers and arms.
- Hand a utility knife to a co-worker with the handle first and blade down.
- Consider using a rounded tip blade if the application allows for such.
- Ensure the blades are positioned properly in the handle before use.
- Keep extremities out of the cutting path.
- Do not apply too much pressure on the blade.
- Follow manufacturer's instructions when changing blades.
- Do not use utility knives to pry loose objects.
- Dispose of dull or broken blades in a puncture-resistant container.
- Use the buddy system! Have a co-worker help in the cutting process; whether it is to hold the material being cut or ensuring that the worker cutting has the correct PPE and is cutting correctly, etc.
These safe work practices can prevent injuries from occurring. It is up to every one of us to understand and utilize these practices so we can all go home safely. Utility knives are extremely handy on the job, but they can also be handy in causing serious injuries.


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If you are thinking about simple and unpretentious gift to any holiday these cute little handmade jewels by Home Studio can become the good solution. Joyful and marry ideas of these pendants will certainly cause your smile. Choose any motive you prefer, it maybe birds, animals, accessorizes, phrases and even different national symbols.
All the models are eco friendly and are crafted with great care to every detail. So funny and stylish this collection is perfectly suitable for the youth who want to be distinguished among the crowd.
Stefani and Mark are a two person team. The couple works side by side hand making each and every Scrabble pendant in a multi-step process. Scrabble game pieces are acquired from various secondhand sources.
Stef and Mark both come from retail backgrounds (fashion and interiors). Stefani has taught jewelry design. Mark has a degree in Industrial Design and also paints.
VIA: Home Studio.


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Tired of submitting your social bookmarks one at a time? I know I am.
Social Poster is a free web service that allows you to submit to all your favorite social bookmarking sites with one fell swoop. It's got 34 sites, to be exact. What a time saver!
Social Poster
Barry's Best Computer Tips is updated several times every day; the easiest way to get your daily dose is by subscribing to our news feed. Stay on top of all our updates by subscribing now via RSS or Email.


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529 State Tax Calculator
Answer a few simple questions to see whether your state offers a tax benefit for 529 plan contributions and, if so, how much it might be. Keep in mind you can open a 529 plan from any state—no matter which state you live in. Consider all the factors to find out whether you'd be better off in another state's plan.
Take the next step.
Get started with a Schwab 529 Education Savings Plan today.
Need help? Call 888-903-3863.
- Download a Schwab 529 Education Savings Plan application.
- Learn more about our 529 Education Savings Plan.
- See all Schwab accounts.
Before investing, carefully consider the plan's investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses. This information and more about the plan can be found in the Schwab 529 Education Savings Plan Guide and Participation Agreement available from Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., and should be read carefully before investing. If you are not a Kansas taxpayer, consider before investing whether your or the beneficiary's home state offers a 529 plan that provides its taxpayers with state tax and other state benefits such as financial aid, scholarship funds, and protection from creditors that are only available in such state's qualified tuition program. Tax and financial aid treatment of 529 plans is subject to change. As with any investment, it is possible to lose money by investing in this plan.
The Schwab 529 Education Savings Plan is available through Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and is managed by American Century Investment Management, Inc. The plan was created by the Kansas State Legislature under the provisions of Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code and is administered by Kansas State Treasurer, Jake LaTurner. Notice: Accounts established under the Schwab 529 Education Savings Plan and their earnings are neither insured nor guaranteed by the State of Kansas, the Kansas State Treasurer, American Century Investments®, or Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Accounts established under the Schwab 529 Education Savings Plan are domiciled at American Century Investments and not Schwab.
American Century Investments receives remuneration from fund companies, including American Beacon Advisors, Metropolitan West Management, LLC, and JP Morgan Funds for recordkeeping, shareholder services, and other administrative services associated with funds held in the Schwab 529 Education Savings Plan portfolios.
American Century Investment Services, Inc., Distributor.
Information provided is for general purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for specific individualized tax or legal advice. Where specific advice is necessary or appropriate, please consult a qualified tax or legal advisor.


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Ben Emmerson, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on human rights and counter-terrorism, met with Tamil political prisoners detained under Sri Lanka's Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) in Vavuniya today, as he embarked on an official visit of the island.
Mr Emmerson's visit comes as Tamil prisoners remain detained under the PTA, despite repeated calls for their release.
The Sri Lankan government has also stalled on repealing the PTA, a piece of legislation that has been roundly criticised by human rights organisations as "draconian" for decades.
The Sri Lankan government committed itself to repealing, reviewing and replacing the PTA with "anti-terrorism legislation in line with contemporary international best practices" in a UN Human Rights Council in 2015. However, a replacement Counter Terrorism Act raised concerns about serious restrictions to fundamental rights and was widely criticised.
In recent weeks, Sri Lanka's Sinhala Buddhist monks have called on the Sri Lankan government not to abolish the PTA.


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Printed Folders by Print Etc.
Great client presentations begin with great folders. One Hour A/C understands this. When their field engineers show up, and present proposals, from the first human contact, to the initial look and feel of the proposal, the momentum is YES all the way.
We love working with One Hour A/C, and providing a wide range of printed marketing materials for them, including, custom printed folders.


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The Cake Mix Doctor , but instead of the coffee Kahlua, what I had were Hazelnut Kahlua 1 L and Torino Chocolate Syrup. So I changed the original 3/4 c Kahlua into 1/4 c hazelnut Kahlua and 1/2 c chocolate syrup. And for the glaze, instead of 1/4 c Kahlua, I used espresso (prepared using Tassimo), which was around 1/8 cup, so to make it 1/4, I mixed it with half Hazelnut Kahlua and half Chocolate Syrup.
"Kusina" = Kitchen; "Manang" = older sister
A Filipina's unabashed chronicle of her adaptations in the American kitchen. Includes step-by-step photos on how to make pan de sal, ensaymada, pan de coco, siopao, hopia, pandelimon, pianono, atsara, crema de fruta,etc., and if you are lucky, you will find videos too!
My Blogs
Baking & Cooking
Thursday, April 19, 2012
Tuesday, April 10, 2012
Reader's Photo Gallery #23
Labels: Reader's photo gallery
Probably the biggest collection of photos I have received through email is from Lyra. Thanks for sharing your photos, Lyra!
hi manang,
I did try for the first time the pianono and it was a success, since I still have left over ube from ube ice cream, I made ube roll today and my kids love it, and all came from your recipe, dami ko na utang sa inyo...more power
Lyra of AZ
|Spanish Bread and Ensaymada
|Supersoft Ensaymada
|Ube Ice Cream
|Ube Cake Roll
|Egg Pie
Wednesday, April 04, 2012
The Dairy Chronicle: Cream Separator
|Cream Separator
That includes milk, heavy cream, skimmed milk, butter, yogurt, and cheeses. The best part: I am getting the raw ingredient for FREE.
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If a PlayStation 2 disc will not spin, the cause is most likely that the motor that powers the disc drive is broken, or it is not receiving power. Both of these problems can typically be repaired by replacing the disc drive.
While the PlayStation 2 has a durable disc drive compared to other systems, they are not impervious to damage, and they sometimes break. Because most consoles were produced more that 10 years ago, their disc drives are old and may be in need of replacement.
Disc drives have to spin the disc they contain, and they use a motor to do so. Over time, the motor can be damaged by dust or other contaminants, and some disc drives fail due to small manufacturing defects. It's possible to replace just the motor, but it's better to simply buy a new drive.
The power supply on a PlayStation 2 can also become damaged over time, and it might not deliver the power needed to use the disc drive. The cable connecting the power supply to the disc drive can also become damaged. Replacing the drive can fix the problems, but a faulty power supply may require purchasing a new system.


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Needed: Enterprise Strategies for Innovation, Content Management, and Social Media Infrastructure
Jeffrey Phillips' blog post Innovation Location suggests that one of the management challenges that the innovation process creates is "… where should it be done, and who should be doing it?" He lists the following possible locations:
- Within R&D and/or a product group
- Across product groups
- White Space innovation
- Innovation between a business and a partner
- Innovation in the open
Reading Phillips' description of each of these locationsreinforced my belief in how closely related innovation management and collaboration via social media can be within an organization. Here is the comment I left on Phillips' blog:
The "location" distinctions you make here are very similar to issues related to the question of where to "locate" the management and use of [collaboration and social media] tools. The interesting thing about both these discussions (assuming you can keep them separate!) is that they both have to take into account that an individual within an organization can simultaneously operate in several of these "locations."
An individual in an organization can approach the use of social media or collaborative tools from several perspectives — as an individual, as a manager of a project, as part of a temporary project team, as part of a group that stretches across departments, etc. etc.
In the old days of hierarchical management structures and communication networks, adjusting to such realities was more difficult. Today an internal company blog can be set up instantly to support a project, a function, a team, or a product, and it carries with it a range of tools (commentingnting, document management, tagging, group membership and affiliation, etc.) that can be used immediately to support, say, an innovation process that might be taking place in any of your locations.
I think there must be a balancing act between applying structure and management to such processes and allowing them to evolve on their own, just as there is a balancing act between how much structure and process is appropriate to apply to managing the innovation process.
The more I think about how processes like innovation management can stretch across and into all aspects of an organization, the more it reinforce my strong belief that social networking and social media tools within an organization need to be thought of as part of the overall communication and information management infrastructure. That is, such tools should be universally available to all so that, when new groups and projects form there are no artificial barriers raised to interconnection and integration.
That seems counter to the practical approach that many people take to "starting small" within a group to begin a corporate or departmental blog or other tool. The benefit of starting small is that an effort can be initiated "under the corporate radar" so that an innovative process can grow organically and, through word of mouth, extend to other areas.
The downside, though, is that incompatibilities, roadblocks, and speedbumps might be introduced that undermine the true potential of social media and social networking within an organization.
The antidote to this is that corporate management needs to understand both how innovative practices spread throughout an organization at the same time it plans for an enterprise content management and communication infrastructure that provides the needed tools to workers where and when they need them.
Interestingly, one of the major vendors that realises this is IBM through its own internal networking support for its employees and through its recent product introductions that incorporate social networking and social media tools.
In future posts here I shall explore further the development of an enterprise content management strategy that takes into account the need to support multiple requirements including social networking, innovation, records retention, search, publishing, and regulatory and legal requirements.


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Ramblings: We will just celebrate Thanksgiving next week...
Don't read any further if you don't want to hear about projectile vomiting and baby viruses!
Well, we did have plans. Cesar had both Wednesday and Thursday off, and we were going to do grocery shopping on Wednesday and then spend Thursday, Thanksgiving, cooking delicious food, watching movies and cuddling. Maybe Luna could even taste a new food. We were going to cook chicken pot pie for Cesar, vegetable pot pie for me, roasted carrots, potatoes, parsnips, brussel sprouts, mashed potatoes, Yorkshire puddings, pecan pie, key lime pie (our favourite). It was our first Thanksgiving as a family of three, and with Luna being the only American among us, we wanted to start our own little traditions. Well, all was not REALLY lost – we did watch a lot of movies and we did all cuddle together for the most of 4 days. All day and all night.
That scene in The Exorcist comes to mind. You know, the infamous projectile vomiting scene? Just picture a 7 month old baby doing it. We have been blessed with the fact that Luna has not been sick at all for the first 8 months of her life. No unexplained fevers, no ear infections, vomiting (she barely spat up, ever). No, she decided to save all of that up and just get a really horrid virus that in itself was harmless, but at the same time pretty scary. A virus that lasted the most part of a week, and that week happened to be the week of Thanksgiving.
Tuesday morning I took Luna in to the pediatrician's for a booster shot, but she already had a slight temperature so we decided to postpone it. She had some kind of viral upper respiratory infection so the doctor gave her some medicine for the fever which she proceeded to vomit right back up all over me and the floor. We tried again and she kept it down (little did I know that that was the first of many times I would be changing my clothes over the next few days). By Tuesday evening her temperature was over 101 and all she wanted to do was nurse, and nurse, and nurse, but couldn't sleep. At around 11pm we FaceTimed Cesar at work, and 10 minutes later she started (literally) to projectile vomit. Her poor little face looked so surprised at what was happening, probably matching the look on my face. And that set the pace for the next 3 days… Fever, nursing, vomiting, crying, cuddling, no sleep, nursing, fever, Tylenol, vomiting, nursing and so on. By Thursday evening we had all slept about 3 hours in total since Monday night. I told Cesar that if we all didn't get some proper sleep sometime soon we would all collapse… That didn't happen (the collapsing that is), and Luna's fever broke on Friday morning after a good few hours of sleep. Yay!! Finally over! I did the (huge amount of) laundry, Cesar went off to work in the evening and Luna had a good few naps. And then she barely slept again. We got up early on Saturday and Luna was in seemingly good spirits when all of a sudden she developed a red rash all over her body and started vomiting profusely and was acting very lethargically which is completely out of character. I had already called her doctor around noon when the rash appeared but by 2pm she hadn't called back so we just went to the ER.
Luna's sees her cardiologist at New York Hospital Queens so we went to the ER there (Flushing Hospital is actually a little closer, but not by much). The nurse actually rushed us through due to the rash but once she had been assessed it was determined it was most likely Roseola. We were sent to a room to wait for the (lovely) attending doctor who confirmed it was indeed Roseola (also known as Sixth Disease). It is apparently a common and highly contagious, but harmless infection that can happen in young children, usually before the age of 2. Basically it starts as a viral infection like a cold, with 3-5 days of sustained fever and the day after the fever breaks a full body rash develops. FULL, HEAD TO TOE, BRIGHT RED BODY RASH. That coupled with the vomiting was enough to warrant a hospital visit in my opinion, especially as her pediatrician hadn't even called back yet.
The doctor was a little worried about dehydration and had me feed Luna 2 oz of Pedialyte along with a few short nursing sessions, and had us wait to make sure she kept it down and peed in a diaper. By this time Luna had totally perked up again. Cesar had had to leave us a while before that as no one could cover him at work and at this point I just wanted to go home and get Luna to bed, so the doctor released us. Luna ended up sleeping about 11 hours with a couple of very short dream feeds, and has napped most of today, so I finally feel like this is all going to be a distant memory very soon, and we will all be able to catch up on some sleep… Although I feel like I am coming down with something now, which would be just my luck!
Oh, and Luna's pediatrician did call me back, six hours after I left the message with her receptionist, just to tell me that she thought it was Roseola. Pity she couldn't have called me back between patients to tell me that… As much as I think she is a nice person, we need to change doctors. She is obviously overworked and it might have avoided the visit to the ER if she had just quickly called me earlier in the day. I'm not one to rush to the hospital with any random ailment, I'm actually not even one to rush to the doctor for myself, but when it concerns my daughter I tend to worry. I mean who wouldn't? It was scary enough to learn about her CHD, but at least that is asymptomatic for now and won't require surgery until she is a little older, but it's something that is always in the back of my mind. But a sudden body rash is also scary, at least for first time parents who have never experienced this before! I'm so happy that I am still breastfeeding as nursing is obviously a comfort to Luna, and I don't know if we would have been able to get her to drink anything else.
So, we shall be celebrating Thanksgiving a week later, with pot pies and roasted veggies and pecan pies and key lime pies, and hopefully no fevers or projectile vomiting or sleepless nights! And I am very, very thankful that this illness is over and hope that we won't have to go through that again for a long, long time (never is probably too much to ask)!


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A Phoenix area pain management center, we focus on treatment of headaches as well as the hard to detect conditions. We are a leading provider of headache diagnosis and treatment and are led by Dr. Stan Farrell, a highly distinguished doctor at treating a wide variety of causes of head pain.
Identification of the type of headache is crucial to treatment; many headaches are triggered and maintained by muscle, nerve, or joint problems. Decreasing and controlling these triggers can decrease the frequency and/or intensity of the headaches. The psychological component to headache and pain may necessitate the recommendation for biofeedback and or positive changes.
The Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis (TNC) is the brain's pain relay system. Most of all pain signals from the head and neck pass through it. Pain signals can get crossed, as well as, and create pain referral patterns. This is how patients suffer from TMJ problems that may contribute to tooth pain, headache or other facial pains.
Migraines and headaches are more commonly triggered by head and neck pains such as those associated with TMD. If a trigger is un-treated, the pain may become chronic, and centralized within the nervous system and thus more difficult to treat.
Many medications and endorphins help to control the activity in this area. Therefore, many patients with TMJ problems, migraine or tension type headaches have significant relief from their headaches when jaw pain or other head or neck pain is reduced. It is our philosophy to limit the amount of input in this area to ultimately help patients with their pain management.
Our headache and pain management doctor, Dr. Stan Farrell, is one of the best-qualified doctors in the country for treating head pain. His state-of-the-art treatments are proven to alleviate pain over the long term without the dangers of addiction to prescribed medications.
Do You Suffer from Migraine Headaches?
- Do you have moderate to severe pain in the head, face or neck?
- Have you ever had a headache upon awakening?
- Does activity make your headaches worse?
- Do you feel better after lying down in a dark room?
- Do your headaches interfere with family life or work?
- Do you have a mild sensitivity to light, noise or odors?
- Do you frequently have blurred vision, nausea or vomiting, upset stomach, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, or dizziness?
- Do you see bright flashing dots or lights, blind spots, wavy or jagged lines (aura)?
The more times you answered "yes," the more likely it is that you suffer from migraine headaches. Identification of the type of headache is crucial to treatment.
Schedule Your Appointment Today. You Can Be Pain Free. Call NOW.
Call 480-945-3629 or Contact Us
* Please note: Individual Results may vary based on height, weight, and medical history.


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This limited edition Canvas Print, designed by db Waterman, comes with a numbered and signed certificate of authenticity. Ready to hang, this image is printed onto a 450gsm white finish, 100% cotton canvas and stretched over 1.5" deep wood stretcher bars (3/4" for XS). Each print comes with wall hanging hardware.
All of my artworks are inspired by weathered walls with posters, peeling paint and all kinds of things in dilapidation. I try to create something new, something beautiful with these elements. This particular artwork is part of the 'Paris Collages' series. These collages are built up with all kinds of pictures, photos and images that I have collected over the years. I assemble original photography, assorted papers, acrylics, oil, charcoal, ink and pencil in my works. Having always loved the appea
Eindhoven, Netherlands


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Online Learning
Enjoy the convenience of online learning and have fewer trips to the campus by enrolling in one or more online (Internet and hybrid) courses.
Distance Education: The mission of the Distance Education Department is to provide leadership of the distance education program; provide excellent service to students, faculty, and staff; maintain the online learning management system; ensure quality and integrity within the instructional process; provide appropriate and secure access; and promote innovative methods to support and enhance teaching and learning.
Distance education offerings at Central Carolina Technical College utilize one or more technologies to deliver instruction to students who are separated from the instructor by time or distance. These methods may include the use of electronic learning management systems for online and hybrid delivery of courses and/or Web or videoconferencing technologies. Central Carolina's distance education courses provide regular and substantive interaction between the students and the instructor, either synchronously or asynchronously.
All distance education courses at CCTC provide regular and substantive interaction between the students and the instructor, either synchronously or asynchronously, and provide the same student learning outcomes as its traditional counterpart. It should be noted that distance education courses are recommended for students who possess the requisite technology skills and personal learning behaviors.
Online Courses: Online or Internet courses are taught online using our online learning management system, D2L. Online courses are designated by a "D" section. For example, ENG 101 D20 is taught online. An online section does not have a scheduled on-campus class, but you may have to come on campus for tests and exams. You will need to plan to spend a good deal of time online, reading, and completing assignments. You will access your online course through myCCTC or by direct login to D2L.
Hybrid Courses: Hybrid courses are a combination of both face-to-face meetings and online components. At CCTC, the most common scenario is a once per week class meeting combined with other course components completed online in D2L. Hybrid courses are designated by a "H" in the section number. For example, ENG 101 H20 has both on-campus and online components. The on-campus dates and times will be printed on your schedule. You will need to plan for your classroom meetings as well as a good deal of time online, reading, and completing assignments. You will access your hybrid course through myCCTC or by direct login to D2L.
Orientation Schedule: Students taking an online or hybrid course for the first time should complete the Online Course Orientation. The orientation is offered in an online format. Face-to-face sessions may also be available; however, students are encouraged to complete the orientation online to obtain a true feel for an online course. The orientation schedule will be posted in myCCTC a couple of weeks prior to each semester.
Search for Online Courses: See the instructions below on searching for online courses. Courses have been added since the printed schedule was distributed, so the online search is the best method to find available courses.
- Select the Semester on the Course Search page
- Plan your schedule using advanced search
- Show All Campuses
- Show Only Online Courses
- Select a single course or hold down the Control (Ctrl) Key and select multiple subjects
- Submit Query
You should see a list of available sections of courses. You can check the courses in which you are interested and choose "print selected" to get a printable list. Enjoy!
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Capitol Alert
Former Berkeley chancellor says tuition increase helps low-income students
While politically unpopular, increasing tuition at the University of California is necessary to maintain the system's economic and racial diversity, according to former UC Berkeley Chancellor Robert Birgeneau.
"People rarely stop to think about the consequences and who will actually pay the increase," Birgeneau said during a talk at the UC Center Sacramento on Wednesday afternoon. The costs of the tuition hike, he said, mostly falls on the state and high-income families but supports access for low-income and minority students, he said.
Birgeneau, a physics professor who served as Berkeley's chancellor from 2004 to 2013, said only about a third of UC students – those from families that make more than $150,000 annually – pay full freight, with the rest benefitting from a robust financial aid program. State funding for Cal Grant scholarships for low-income students increases when tuition goes up, he said, as does the pool of money for institutional aid, which is used in part to help those students pay for living expenses.
Birgeneau did not agree with all aspects of the UC's recent controversial proposal to raise tuition by up to 5 percent annually over the next five years unless California provides more funding to the system. But he said yearly increases of 3 percent are needed to cover cost-of-living increases for students who receive institutional aid, as well as for faculty and staff salaries. (A third of next year's proposed $612 increase would go to financial aid, he said, with the rest supporting payroll growth.)
Some families that make more than $150,000 have balked at being asked to bear an increasing financial load in UC's budget formula. But Birgeneau, who said the income of those households goes up by an average of $10,000 per year, argued they can afford it. Birgeneau, who said he took out a home loan to pay for his four children's college educations, added that parents who have the means to pay their kids' tuition should be happy to do so.
"We need a return to an ethos where parents say, 'This is my responsibility,'" he said.
Call The Bee's Alexei Koseff, (916) 321-5236. Follow him on Twitter @akoseff.


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hi it may be something a little bit more serious than just a diaper rash. 1 thing i would try first is A&D Ointment this works so great! I've used it on all 3 of my kids. and only 1 of them has every had a diaper rash and that was before i started using A&D my son is now 19 :)
if after a few days and you don't see a change take her to see her doctor you may need something medicated
good luck


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Germany – famously known as the land of ideas – is cited as the third most popular destination among students from all over the world. More than 12% of the student population in Germany is from abroad.
Universities here are very well networked with those all over the world. And the prevailing culture of focusing on practical knowledge especially in science and technology makes German universities one of the best in the world. A degree from here is highly respected by employers all across the globe. We all know about the fantastic engineering Germans showcase in their cars and other machinery. "Made in Germany" is a seal of quality and inculcates a high level of trust.
Every year, more than 4000 students flock over to Germany to gain from their top-class education system. After graduation, they are gladly picked up by the most renowned companies in the world.
Germany, as a country too, is beautiful with its amazing landscape, places of historic interests, clean beaches, and awesome winter sports facilities. Their police department is adept in safeguarding the citizens and have the law and order in place. So, all in all, the mandates for going abroad to pursue higher education – which is: quality of education, hands-on experience, internship opportunities, lifestyle, and security – are all taken care of if you zero in on Germany.
And while everything from your application forms to visa clearance to financing formalities can be easily worked upon, one thing that you will have to diligently plan out is learning German language for which you will have to enroll yourself in a good German language course in Mumbai.
Yes! Germany takes pride in their language and over 95% of the population speaks German as their first language. In most of the universities also, the language used to communicate and to deliver lectures and instructions is German. Hence, it is imperative for you to know the German language well. This means that all the students who get admission in German-taught universities are required to clear certain tests on their proficiency in the German language.
And if you are wondering where to join a German language course in Mumbai, the answer is at Excel Academy. Our highly experienced team of dedicated advisors and teachers will help you chart out the best study plan to make your experience at the German learning classes in Mumbai very interesting and impactful. We assure you that in a matter of days, you will see evidential results.
It is also true that norms are different for different universities. Also, if you are joining a German university on a postgraduate level then you may not need to know the German language as most of the postgraduate courses are English-taught. So do find out if your university uses English as the medium of instruction and communication, in which case you obviously do not have to master the language. Similarly with the employees posted there on off-shore projects who mostly have to interact with their team members in English. However, it is still advisable to have a basic knowledge of German language to be able to effectively communicate with the local residents and avoid troubles while shopping, dining out or using public transport.
Don't wait up! Grab a world-class career opportunity by learning German in Mumbai.
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Mandarin is a lovely Language. I was very apprehensive before commencing to learn the language but after starting I've enjoyed a lot.
Molby Savio D'souza
It has been a great learning experience with Excel Academy. The trainers have been very knowledgeable always willing to help and always greet with a smile. I am glad to have chosen this Academy as I am able to tell some positive steps for getting a future a job.
Riddhi Shah
Learning Mandarin was a good experience .We enjoyed learning the language and liked to come here during the course .The tutor explained very well in easy language .even gave practical session and home work to stay in touch with the language.
Niharika Kumari
It was good and knowledgeable .It was a good learning experience .I had a good and wonderful learning experience. It took care of all the minute stuff which is supposed to be taught. It was a great learning experience.
Niharika Mistry
I learned many things and this course made my language skills more easy. This course has given me knowledge and all basic about French language now I am all quainter with this language and I love it. I would also like to continue for the 2nd level also. Eagerly waiting to learn further.


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By Kenneth Chang. For GSS Energy Use chapter 9. By Kenneth Chang, The New York Times. Excerpt: Hydrogen Cars Join Electric Models in Showrooms. ...General Motors, Honda, Toyota, Daimler and Hyundai, ...After many years and billions of dollars of research and development, hydrogen cars are headed to the showrooms. Hyundai has been leasing the hydrogen-powered Tucson sport utility, which it describes as the world's first mass-produced fuel cell car, since June, for a $2,999 down payment, and $499 a month. (That includes the hydrogen. A lease on a gas-powered Tucson is about half as much.) This week, Toyota is introducing a sedan called Mirai, which means "future" in Japanese. ...The Mirai will go on sale in California this year for $57,500 — cheaper than the Tesla Model S. ...Battery electric cars and fuel cell cars are, at their cores, both electric cars with the inherent advantages of electric motors — jack rabbit acceleration, near silence and zero tailpipe emissions of greenhouse gases. The difference is where the electricity comes from. ...Instead of storing their charge in batteries, the fuel cells in hydrogen cars are miniature power plants, generating a flow of electricity in the chemical reaction of combining hydrogen and oxygen into water. The oxygen comes from the air; the hydrogen, compressed at 10,000 pounds per square inch, is stored in tanks. The exhaust from the tailpipe? Water that is clean enough to drink. ...A kilogram of hydrogen contains as much chemical energy as a gallon of gasoline, but fuel cells are more efficient than internal combustion engines, so fuel-cell cars like the Mirai have a 300-mile range, comparable to present-day gasoline cars. Filling up at a hydrogen pump takes about the same few minutes as filling a tank of gas, instead of hours plugged in to an outlet. ...A fleet of 119 fuel cell-powered Chevrolet Equinoxes that General Motors introduced as a demonstration project in 2007 has covered more than three million miles, with the odometers on some of the vehicles passing 120,000 miles. ...In an interview with MIT Technology Review in 2009, Dr. Chu said fuel cell cars needed "four miracles," including an economical, renewable source of hydrogen. Most hydrogen today comes from stripping hydrogen atoms off natural gas molecules. That produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct and undercuts the goal of reducing greenhouse gases. Solar-powered electrolyzers to split water into hydrogen and oxygen would eliminate greenhouse gases but would be more expensive. ...A hydrogen station in Fountain Valley, about 45 minutes from downtown Los Angeles, is in front of a wastewater treatment plant, because the hydrogen comes from human waste. After bacteria digest what has been flushed down toilets to produce a mix of carbon dioxide and methane, the gases are cleaned up and fed to a different type of fuel cell that produces electricity, heat and hydrogen, and the hydrogen is piped to the pump. That demonstration project, producing about 200 pounds of hydrogen a day, helps fulfill California's mandate that a third of the hydrogen for cars come from renewable sources.... http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/science/earth/hydrogen-cars-join-electric-models-in-showrooms.html.
Updates >


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Request a mailed copy of our
Stroll through historic downtown Bryan to sample a colorful array of shops and stores. Stop by a 22,000 square foot historical building, lovingly renovated with glass doors, pine floors, bricked archways, and fireplaces for an amazing collection of one-of-a-kind finds. Or browse other vibrant craft and artisan shops throughout the area. We promise you'll love downtown Bryan, Texas.
Enjoy The Charm And Grandeur Of Historic Downtown Bryan, Where History Meets Community.
Make the most of your stay in this vibrant, Central Texas town. Tap into the extensive resources of Experience Bryan College Station and discover the best of downtown Bryan, Texas.
See a map of Downtown Bryan and learn more about the adventures to be found!


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(Lords of Deliverance, #6; Demonica, #11)
by Larissa Ione
Rating: 5♥s Outstanding
Genre: Paranormal Romance
Length: Novel
Audience: Adult
Sensuality: Hot
Release Date: December 16, 2014
An angel raised in hell …For thousands of years, Revenant believed he was a fallen angel who belonged in Sheoul (hell). Then he found out that he was not only an angel, but he had a brother, Reaver. And, he discovered that he was not just any angel, but a Shadow Angel. One of the most powerful angels in existence.
But because he was tainted with Satan's blood, he was not welcome in Heaven.
A False Angel who isn't what she seems …
Blaspheme, a doctor at Underworld General Hospital (UGH), has been living under the radar. She has been hiding her true nature, but now the magical disguise is wearing off. She's terrified of being found out, as she believes she'll be hunted and killed by angels or fallen angels.
Fallen angels like Revenant.
An attraction that won't be denied …
Revenant desires Blaspheme like he has never desired any other woman before. He believes he just wants sex and will get her out of his system.
Boy, is he wrong. He has no idea what he's gotten himself into.
Blaspheme wants Revenant, but she's terrified that he'll find out what she is.
And in the meantime …
Lucifer is about to be reborn. Blaspheme and Revenant are caught in the middle of the rebirth with few choices. And, oh yeah, Satan wants Revenant to bring him the head of an angel or suffer dire consequences.
Just another day in Sheoul, while the angels conspire against Revenant.
A conflicted hero
Revenant is a cold-blooded killer who wears biker goth. And yet he's heart-breakingly vulnerable. He's angry and hurt. He just wants to be accepted.
'You're a bastard, Revenant, but a beautiful one." Never had anyone given him such a precious compliment, and for a few stuttering heartbeats, he froze, committing [Blaspheme's] words to memory.How heart-wrenching.
He's lethal. And yet with Blaspheme, he becomes something else. He becomes gentle.
A conflicted love story
Like Revenant, Blaspheme and Revenant's love story is conflicted. Blaspheme's secret threatens the very foundation of their relationship. She can't get close to him. Yet he can't leave her alone.
Secrets come to light, altering the nature of their relationship and the course of their lives.
The love story is tense, humorous, heart-wrenching, and ultimately beautiful.
A fulfilling ending
Remember Satan, Lucifer, and the conspiring angels? Well, let's just say that Revenant fulfills his destiny.
The End?
Is Revenant the end of the Lords of Deliverance/Demonica series? Yes and no. It's the beautiful, satisfying ending of the overall story arc of both series. But it's not the end of the Demonica universe. At the end of the book there's a link to a special epilogue and a peek into the future of Demonica and Lords of Deliverance characters.
The bottom line
Don't miss Revenant. With its vulnerable bad-boy hero, it's one of the best books in the series. You'll fall in love with Revenant, and finish reading with a happy sigh.
The Demonica/Lords of Deliverance Series


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We are the directing and coordinating authority on international health within the United Nations' system.
We do this by:
For each 6-year programme of work priority areas are identified where our leadership is most needed.
These are our main areas of work:
Website: World Health Organization (WHO)
Copyright © 2016 Nutrition Support Program. All Rights Reserved.
Powered By: CyberVision International


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Christie S. Warren
Professor of the Practice of International and Comparative Law and Director, Center for Comparative Legal Studies and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding
Email: [[cswarr]]
Office phone: (757) 221-7852
Office location: Room 229A
Areas of Specialization
Comparative Constitutional Systems; Comparative Law--Constitutional Law; Comparative Law--Islamic Law; Comparative Law--Latin American Law; Comparative Law--Middle Eastern Law; Comparative and Foreign Law; Human Rights Law; International Law; Post-Conflict Justice; Transitional Justice
Teaching Interests
Comparative Law; Comparative Constitutional Law; Public International Law; International Human Rights Law; Post-Conflict Justice and the Rule of Law; Islamic Law; Transitional Justice, Advanced Applied International Research.
Representative Professional Activities and Achievements
Christie S. Warren is Professor of the Practice of International and Comparative Law and founding Director of the Center for Comparative Legal Studies and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding. Her areas of specialization include Comparative Law, Comparative Constitutional Systems, Public International Law, Post-Conflict Justice, International Human Rights Law, Civil Code Systems, Islamic Law, Transitional Justice and Advanced Applied International Research. She is a graduate of the Harvard Mediation Program and served as the 2016 – 2017 Fulbright Schuman Distinguished Chair at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. During spring semester 2019 she will serve as Visiting Professor of Constitutional Law at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.Warren has designed, implemented and evaluated constitutional, judicial, legal and academic programs in more than 55 countries throughout Africa, Central and East Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Russia and the Newly Independent States, the Balkans and East Timor. She was named the 1998-1999 Supreme Court Fellow at the Supreme Court of the United States and served as the 2010-2011 Senior Expert in Constitutional Issues for the United Nations Department of Political Affairs Mediation Support Unit Standby Team. Between 2007 and 2016 she served as Senior Technical Advisor to the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance's Constitution Building Processes Programme at the Hague. Under appointment by the Chief Justice of the United States, she served as Supreme Court Fellows Commissioner from 2012 to 2018. Warren has advised on constitutional issues and processes in Haiti, Iraq, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Somalia, Sudan and Ukraine and served as a Legal Advisor to the Darfur Peace Talks. She is the recipient of the Administration of Justice Award, awarded by the Supreme Court Fellows Alumni Association, "In Recognition of Significant Contributions to the International Administration of Justice and the Rule of Law."
Scholarly Publications
- International Legal Aid & Defender System Development Manual (Christie S. Warren et al. eds., Nat'l Legal Aid & Defender Ass'n 2010) (Project Director and Editor-in-Chief).
- Lifting the Veil: Women and Islamic Law, 15 Cardozo J.L. & Gender 33 (2008).
- Quitando el Velo: Mujeres y Derecho Islamico, 9 Complutense Anuario de Derechos Humanos 621 (2008).
- Introduction to Special Collection: Seminar Papers on Women and Islamic Law, 11 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 505 (2005).
- Court Administration as a Tool for Judicial Reform: An International Perspective, National Center for State Courts (2001).
- The Cambodia Court Training Project, Sacramento County B. J. (1995).
Book Chapters
- Institutionalizing Ethical Practices, in International Legal Aid & Defender System Development Manual (Christie S. Warren et al. eds., National Legal Aid & Defender Ass'n Press 2010).
- Constitutions and Islamic Law, in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion (2017). Online.
- The Hanafi School, Oxford U. Press (2013). Online.
- Constitutions, Constitutionalism and the Role of Post-Conflict Constitution Building, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (2011).
- Islamic Criminal Law, in Oxford Bibliogs (Oxford U. Press 2010). Online.
- Islamic Commercial Law, in 1 Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 469 (Oxford U. Press 2009). Online.
- Istislah, in 3 Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 213 (Oxford U. Press 2009). Online.
- Polygyny, in 4 Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 384 (Oxford U. Press 2009). Online.
- Constitution Guarantees Rights to All of Kosovo's Citizens, Richmond Times-Dispatch, Apr. 7, 2008 (op-ed).
- Introduction to the Major Legal Systems of the World, United States Institute of Peace (2006).
- Notes from Cambodia, Defender Magazine: 1995, 1996, 1997.


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A.C.T. Gala Come Get StrandedApril 26th, 2015
Performance By Melissa Smith, show more of Performance By Melissa Smith photos or correct name Josie Alvarez show more of Josie Alvarez photos or correct name
Perfect for printing with no watermark up to 8x12. If you need something larger, we can usually do a custom print.
Perfect for screen and social, but not great to print. There is a small watermark in the lower right corner (you can crop it out).
For a commercial or editorial license, please email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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It's been a long time since I've blogged. A very long time. Well over a year. And several of my friends, family, and co-workers have reminded me of that, which was surprising because I was pretty confident that the only person reading this was my mother. While I always tried to blog regularly, life took over and it just slipped away from me. What can I say? I'm a very important person doing very important things.
Just kidding! I was probably just busy watching funny cat videos on YouTube.
I last blogged about Russia which was a trip I took in October 2013 (yikes!) That trip also included Finland and Estonia (which I previously blogged about) and Mongolia and South Korea (which I have not blogged about). Since then, I have also taken overseas trips to New Zealand (six trips in total), Myanmar, and Bali (Indonesia).
Back in Australia, I finally made it to the last of the state and territory capitals that I had been missing: Brisbane and Darwin. I went on a big camping adventure in the outback, channelled my inner-retiree in the Gold Coast, took a road trip down the South Coast of New South Wales, and visited Melbourne once or twice… per year… or more.
But there have been two really big exciting developments missing from the blog. First and foremost, I became an Aussie! I was naturalized as an Australian citizen on August 15, 2014 – after roughly four and a half years living in the Land Down Under. I am now the proud bearer of dual passports entitling me to be shifty when crossing international borders.
Secondly, I quit my job (yay!), moved out of my apartment, and said goodbye to all of my friends in Australia (boo!). Last Sunday, I set out on a gap year: a full year (give or take a bit) of travel around the globe. That was the impetus for me starting up the blog again. Over the next twelve months, I'll be blogging about my adventures and even rewinding the clocks a bit and filling you, the readers (my mother and one or two others), in on all the exciting travels that I've failed to blog about over the past nearly two years.
In the meantime, here are a few questions you can ponder:
1. Will I be able to survive a full year of travel?
2. Just how many times will I get food poisoning?
3. What is the most random country in which I will eat Mexican food?
4. Just how long will it take until I pop some loud, obnoxious American tourist in the face?
As I write this post, I am on a flight from Singapore to Johannesburg. The first few weeks of my travels will likely see limited wifi connections as I'll be on various camping safari tours across seven African nations, but I will do my best to post when internet is available. Until then, trust that I'll be doing my best to type up blogs and have them ready as I go along. Now if you'll excuse me, I need to prepare for landing.


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Another cold front is heading for South Florida Wednesday night with a comfortable change coming immediately behind it.
We're expecting yet another warm afternoon with highs in the lower 80s Wednesday. Mostly sunny skies stay intact with light winds out of the west.
The change comes overnight with the passage of the cold front as overnight lows drop into the upper 50s. These readings will run about five to 10 degrees below average for early December.
Thursday brings more sunshine with cooler than average highs around 74. By Friday and Saturday we'll warm up to 80 with a few more clouds and a shower chance in the afternoon hours, as an ocean breeze returns.


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This past Saturday, I dropped by the Public Garden for the first time. It's a showcase of local and regional independent brands and their work, and I was glad that I finally got a chance to attend after always hearing about it from friends and social media. Here's my loot from the market. (Coincidentally, all three buys are from brands based in Indonesia!)
The first is a pouch by Kamarasan. They had their clothing collection on display, which featured ethnic-influenced prints. This design concept extends into their pouches that came in different sizes and styles. I got one as a case for my headphones, but I do wish that I got more because there were quite a number of prints that caught my eye. Next time, then!
My next find was a pair of earrings from Ansy Savitri. Their latest collection is inspired by Qashani, which is a form of Persian decorative art used in tile work, and can be found in mosques or buildings in Iran. The blue roses you see on the leather base of the earrings is handpainted, taking cues from the floral motifs that can often be found in their design inspiration. The finishing touch? Beads that take on the shape of leaves and a stem, completing the flowers. They came in several colours, with different finishes on the beads. These stood out the most for me because I love how vibrant they are!
My last buy was a pair of earrings from sadhu. Their brand signature: Woven accessories using rattan handcrafted in Bali. The owners of the store shared that they also source their components from Japan. On top of that, according to the little note that came in the box, they use re-purposed clam shells sourced from local clam farms. I absolutely love that sadhu works together with local businesses and Indonesian craftsman to create these works of art.
On display were rattan earrings in all sorts of shapes and sizes, in both symmetrical and asymmetrical styles. I picked out this pair from the lot, which is from their Chinese New Year collection and named "Purnama", which refers to the full moon in both Malay and Bahasa.
What are some of your favourite independent fashion brands?


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Naked Data: How The U.S. Ignored International Concerns and Pushed for Radio Chips In Passports Without Security [1]
Naked Data:
How The U.S. Ignored International Concerns and Pushed for Radio Chips In Passports Without Security
An ACLU White Paper
November 26, 2004
Documents obtained recently by the ACLU show that the United States government ignored warnings about privacy and security while successfully pushing for an international standard for new electronic passports that will leave citizens vulnerable to identity theft, invasions of privacy, or worse.
This white paper explains the issues at stake, and offers a "guided tour" through the new documents and what they show. It has to do with a new global standard for passports that includes remotely readable "contactless" computer chips as well as a biometric. Created by an international group at the prompting of the United States, this standard was developed behind closed doors, with the ACLU and other privacy groups excluded from the process.
The major findings that emerge from the documents are that:
- During the standards-development process, there was extensive discussion of the potential privacy and security problems with leaving the electronic data on individuals' documents unprotected. Nevertheless, the standard that was adopted includes no encryption or other measures to protect that information.
- It was the United States that fought against privacy and security protections -- against the advice of security experts and over the objections of other nations participating in the process.
- The U.S. is currently moving ahead with creating new U.S. passports based on this standard.
- This issue is bigger than just passports. It is about the construction of a global identity card that will likely influence the creation of national identity documents and threaten to facilitate tracking and loss of privacy around the globe.
What's wrong with the new passports?
The new passports, which the State Department is planning to begin issuing in 2005, are based on a standard developed by a little-known international group, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Nominally sponsored by the United Nations, ICAO is made up primarily of representatives of advanced-industrial nations.
The passports contain two notable features. First, they contain a biometric specifically, face recognition. Face recognition is not only among the least reliable biometrics currently available, but unlike others such as fingerprints, it is one that can be used from a distance to track individuals without their knowledge or consent.
Second, the passports will contain RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags.[1] RFID tags are tiny computer chips that, when they receive a radio signal from an RFID reader, use the energy of that signal to broadcast the data that they store. This technology is rapidly becoming familiar to Americans through such applications as toll-booth speed passes, building entry key cards, and other contactless applications.
The data stored in these radio chips will include all the printed information that is on a U.S. passport, including:
- name
- date of birth
- place of birth (a key to identity theft)
- a digital photograph and a digital face recognition template
RFID chips raise many serious privacy and security issues, especially when placed in identification documents. Those problems include:
1. Skimming
RFID identity documents raise the prospect that terrorists, identification thieves, government agents, marketers, or anyone else could read our identity from a distance and without our knowledge or participation, a problem known as "skimming." For example:
- A retail store or restaurant might gain the ability to capture the identities of those who walk through a portal.
- An FBI agent could covertly sweep a room to discover who is attending a political meeting, mosque, or gun show.
- A terrorist in a foreign country could take advantage of the devices to single the Americans out of a crowd. In effect, these passports would be painting giant bull's eyes on the backs of all who carry them.
2. Cloning
In addition to the problem of skimming, it appears that there exists a potential for wrongdoers to engage in "cloning" these passports -- skimming the data off of a passport chip, and then copying it in its entirety onto another RFID chip. The data skimmed from a passport could also be used to forge a duplicate of the actual physical passport, since all the information needed to do so, including the subject's photograph, will be stored "free and clear" on the RFID tag.
3. Surveillance and tracking
The international standard set by ICAO has enormous potential social and political implications that go far beyond passports. What we are witnessing amounts to an effort by the U.S. government and others (whether conscious or not) to leapfrog over the politically untenable idea of adopting a national identity card, and set a course directly toward the creation of a global identity document -- or, at least, toward a set of global standards for identity that can be incorporated into a wide variety of national identity documents.
- Once created, these passports will likely become either the template for standardized versions of the driver's license that amount to a de facto National Identity Card, or displace them altogether, thereby advancing government security agencies' perpetual interest in tracking and controlling the movement of citizens.
- Such documents will increasingly be demanded for more and more purposes, not only around the world, but domestically as well. Features such as digital signatures would greatly enhance the private sector's tendency to piggyback on the perceived "trust value" of these documents -- and the inclusion of a remotely readable RFID chip would make such piggybacking very easy.
- Ultimately, widespread adoption of RFID-enabled identity documents would create the potential for the constant, real-time tracking of individuals. As readers are placed in store doorways and an increasing number of other locations for reasons of security or convenience, individuals will constantly be "registering" with this system, whether they know it or not, creating a truly Orwellian result.
The idea of a global indentiy card is frightening enough. It is even more galling to learn that the US insisted that these new ID cards be built in the most insecure manner, blocking proposals to protect RFID chips placed in identity documents with security measures that are sufficient to protect the privacy of their bearers.
Public input excluded from secretive process
The remotely readable passports being developed by the United States follow standards set by ICAO for biometric passports, which were developed over a period of months in meetings held around the world. The ACLU and other groups concerned about privacy tried repeatedly to participate in the ICAO process, but were ignored. For example, the ACLU tried but failed to arrange attendance for a representative at a March 2004 meeting held in Cairo. An open letter to the ICAO on privacy concerns over the biometric standards met with no response.[2] And the ACLU wrote to ICAO asking to attend a May 2004 meeting in Montreal, and again received no response.
The ICAO's apparent attitude toward public input is reflected in one memo on an upcoming committee meeting obtained by the ACLU, which instructs its recipients on how to register and notes that "Only those persons registered and receiving a Confirmation of Registration/Acceptance will be permitted access to the meetings." It is not clear why a meeting to create public, global standards should be closed to the public, much less when those standards are for a set of global identity documents that have enormous potential social and political implications that should be of concern to the citizens of all nations.
Security to protect privacy was seriously considered
The most disturbing revelation in the new documents is that the State Department heard and discussed the privacy and security vulnerabilities of the new passports, and yet played the central role in fighting for -- and winning -- a standard that lacked any protections.
Although not reflected in the final standard because of U.S. opposition, the documents obtained by the ACLU show that during the process of creating the standard, extensive consideration was given to privacy and personal security concerns, and of potential solutions to these problems.
An example of the consideration initially given to privacy issues is an extensive, 50-page Technical Report on the "Biometrics Deployment of Machine Readable Travel Documents" from May 2003. The report recommends that "Encryption and digital signing be used to protect the data integrity and data privacy." [3] It also recommends consideration of "Contactless IC Chips with cryptographic co-processors on board," and notes that "Authenticating users before releasing data from the chip provides confidentiality for the information stored on the chip and it also makes skimming and producing duplicate chips more difficult."[4]
The centrality of the privacy issue was also apparent two months later at a July 2003 meeting in London, where ICAO participants met "to explore key issues relating to the introduction and fast-track deployment of globally interoperable machine readable passports."[5] The first day of the conference included meetings with experts from the international banking community to discuss "the securing of the data stored within the IC(s)." And the entire second day of the three-day conference was dedicated to meetings with IT security experts specifically to discuss
the recommendations of the IT security field and the finance community experts present on the most effective way of securing the data to be recorded in Contactless IC(s) used within MRPs [Machine Readable Passports].[6]
The day's agenda indicates that participants were actively considering a "scheme" for protecting the data on passports, and were seeking the counsel of those with experience in setting up such a system. The agenda included:
- An "Overview of relevant experiences in creating and operating schemes designed to protect encoded data while ensuring global access by those authorized to access and use that data (e.g. PKI)." PKI refers to Public Key Infrastructure, a system for implementing encryption and/or digital signatures (see below).
- "Discussion of the issues to be faced by ICAO in setting up a scheme for protecting the data recorded in the Contactless IC(s) integrated into MRTDs while allowing the data to be accessed and confirmed as authentic and unchanged by a Receiving State." [7]
A slide presentation on the first day of the meeting by security experts with the smart-card vendor Gemplus International seemed to further reinforce the importance of security for participants. Declaring that "Privacy management is a key point in such a program," and the prevention of identity theft a primary goal,[8] they mentioned several ideas, including:
- Setting the system up so that "the user would get the right to check all access (authorized or not)." That way, data would be "exchanged only with trusted terminal (mutual authentication)."
- "Another approach could be the integration of a mechanical button in the contactless layer to release the transmission data, case by case, and under user control." [9]
The Gemplus experts also noted that with regards to skimming, "The specification recommends a distance of 0 to 10cm but we have to be precise [about] the maximum characteristics and measure conditions for the system reader. In fact, it's always possible to 'boost' an unauthorized reader to capture data at 20cm or more for example."[10] In fact, initial tests of the technology now being prepared for use in U.S. passports found that the data could be read from as far away as 30 feet.[11]
Another idea for securing the privacy of the passport data was mentioned in an "e-Passports Task Force" agenda document the following month. That was to use the printed "machine-readable zone" (MRZ) on the passport to encrypt the data on the chip. In other words, a printed bar code on the inside of the passport would contain a code that would be needed to unlock the data on the RFID chip. That would make it impossible to understand to data on the chip without visual access to the printed passport.
The United States weighs in
None of these concerns or the ideas for addressing them, however, were acted upon, chiefly because of opposition from the U.S. government. Despite all the evidence that was presented, and discussion that took place on the gaping security and privacy holes that an unprotected RFID chip would bring, the U.S. position is clearly reflected in a number of the documents.
A State Department memo drafted in August 2003, for example, contains a clear statement of US policy on skimming and RFIDs. On the need for encrypting data, the memo reads:
US position: Data written to chip and data exchanged between a reader and a passport will be free and clear without the need for encryption. DHS [Department of Homeland Security] concurs with this position.
On Data skimming:
U.S. Position: There is little risk here since we plan to store only currently collected data and a facial image which are already stored visibly on the passport. In order to facilitate travel through automated boarder crossing gates, the US will recommend against the use of pins or other methods that might be required to unlock a chip for reading. DHS concurs with this position. [12]
This U.S. position was reiterated in an October 2003 document on "IC Embedded Passport PKI Requirements," which also systematically rejected the proposed security solutions that had been discussed:
- "Is Encryption Required? The U.S. position is that the data and communication should not be encrypted."
- "Use of MRZ as part of an electronic security scheme. The U.S. position is that the MRZ should not be used for this purpose."
- "Is terminal authentication required? The U.S. position is that terminal authentication should not be required. As the U.S. chip will be a write once device and the information will be free and clear, there is no current need for authentication." [13]
In fact, the only security protection of any kind supported by the United States (and incorporated into the ICAO standard) was a "digital signature" for the passports. The digital signature serves as an electronic "seal" based on an encrypted "hash" (a code generated from the data in the RFID chip) that is included on the chip. If even a single bit of the data on the chip is altered, the hash will no longer match the data, and the data will be revealed as having been altered from the original. But the digital signature is only used to detect alterations to the data in a passport; it does nothing to protect the passport's content from being openly read and copied.
While the digital signature protects the interests of the government in not allowing citizens to tamper with their passports, the interests of individuals (in not being tracked or having their identity revealed or stolen) are left utterly unprotected, and indeed far more exposed than ever before. As one State Department document bluntly put it, data can "be read by anyone who chooses to invest in the infrastructure to do so." [14]
And even a robust digital signature scheme does nothing to prevent another apparent vulnerability of passport RFIDs: the copying or "cloning" of a passport, computer chip and all. The U.S. breezily ignored this concern as well. "Concerns over chip copying were raised," a State Department report noted dismissively, "and the probability of such an event (low in the US position) discussed." [15]
Opposition from other countries
The U.S. stance on these issues was not greeted without resistance by the representatives of other nations. "Other countries (most notably Germany) maintain that they need to address skimming before moving forward," according to a summary of a September 2003 ICAO working group meeting. "UK, Canada, and The Netherlands also presented concerns about skimming." Another U.S. official, reporting on another meeting the same month, wrote that
Privacy is a big issue and several countries, led by the Germans, objected to the concept of a contact less chip that is "open" Instead they insist that there be some mechanism, such as using a PIN or reading the MRZ before data could be extracted from the chip. Since there was no agreement (we objected) it was determined that it will be an option.[16]
Unintentionally confirming the importance of institutionalizing privacy rights in the form of national privacy commissioners (a step that every advanced-industrial nation except the United States has taken), a U.S. official noted that "European nations seemed intent upon being able to show their privacy commissioners that they had taken reasonable steps to thwart skimming. Canada stated that it 'could not support doing nothing to address the issue of skimming.'" [17] Nevertheless, in a testament to the continuing power of the United States in international forums, that is exactly what the ICAO did to address the issue of skimming: nothing.
The documents obtained by the ACLU clearly demonstrate how international and expert concerns about the security and privacy of computer-enhanced passports were pushed aside by the United States. This at a time:
- When identity theft is at an all-time high
- When resentment of the United States, and potential interest in targeting Americans in terrorist attacks, may be at an historical high
- When "there is already a large body of technical knowledge" on attacking smart cards, as one banking industry representative told ICAO,[18] and when technical knowledge about RFID chips is certain to be democratized around the globe.
- When we are witnessing an explosion of interconnected new technologies for tracking and surveillance that threaten to change the core nature of modern life.[19]
ICAO's push for "the introduction and fast-track deployment of globally interoperable machine readable passports" got its original impetus from the United States, and as we have seen, the U.S. played a decisive role in shaping a standard that includes no security protections to preserve privacy. No American should believe that in adopting these passports their government is merely complying good-naturedly with an international consensus. If anything, ICAO is a phony fig-leaf for a truly American policy, and represents a successful U.S. effort to export that policy around the world.[20]
Because citizen input and groups such as the ACLU were excluded from the process of developing these passports, the newly obtained State Department documents represent our only window into what took place during that process. Unfortunately, it is a very disturbing picture. The State Department must release all documents related to this passport so that the public can gain an accurate, full picture of these passports and the decisions that went into making them, and include the public in further discussions, both at national and international level, about how these problems can be remedied.
[1] Technically, they are not RFID chips, but "Contactless Integrated Circuits." The difference is that true RFIDs can broadcast only an identification number, while the chips that will be placed in passports will contain far more data (eventually up to 514K). Nevertheless the term "RFID" is quickly becoming commonly known, so we will refer to these chips as RFIDs in this paper despite this technical difference in definition.
[2] See ACLU et. al., "An Open Letter to the ICAO," March 30, 2004; online at /node/22504 [2].
[3] U.S. Department of State, Technical Report: Biometrics Deployment of Machine Readable Travel Documents, Version 1.9, May 19, 2003, p. 49; online at /passports/TechnicalReport.pdf [3].
[4] Ibid., p. 35.
[5] "Calling Notice -- Revision 2: Meeting of ICAO TAG-MRTD/NTWG and ISO/SC17-WG3, 22-24 July 2003, London (United Kingdom)," p. 1; online at /passports/LondonAgenda.pdf [4].
[6] Ibid., p. 1-2, 4.
[7] "Calling Notice -- Revision 2: Meeting of ICAO TAG-MRTD/NTWG and ISO/SC17-WG3, 22-24 July 2003, London (United Kingdom)," p. 1; online at /passports/LondonAgenda.pdf [4].
[8] Patrice Plessus and Jean Paul Caruana, GemPlus International, "ICAO Specification: Comments on Technical reports," slide presentation, July 22, 2003, slide #2 ("Security aspects: General remarks"); online at /passports/GemPlusSlides.pdf [5].
[9] Ibid., slide #5 ("Privacy"). Italics in original
[10] Ibid., slide #7 ("Fraud").
[11] Junko Yoshida, "Tests reveal e-passport security flaw," EETimes, August 30, 2004; online at http://www.eetimes.com/tech/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=45400010 [6].
[12] Frank Moss, U.S. Department of State, "Special Meeting of PKI Sub-Group of ICAO New Technologies Working Group," unclassified memorandum, August 28, 2003; online at /passports/USPolicyMemo.pdf [7].
[13] U.S. Department of State, "IC Embeded Passports: PKI Requirements: Version 1.1," October 20, 2003, pp. 13-15; online at /passports/PKIRequirements.pdf [8].
[14] Simon Godwin and Richard McClevey, "Trip Report: ICAO NTWG PKI Subcommittee Meeting, London, England -- September 4 & 5, 2003," undated, p. 3; online at /passports/LondonMeeting.pdf [9].
[15] Ibid., p. 4.
[16] L. Travis Farris, "Glascow ICO NTWG Meeting," memorandum to ICAO File, November 19, 2003, p. 1; online at /passports/GlasgowMeeting.pdf [10].
[17] Simon Godwin and Richard McClevey, "Trip Report: ICAO NTWG PKI Subcommittee Meeting, London, England -- September 4 & 5, 2003," undated, p. 4; online at /passports/LondonMeeting.pdf [9].
[18] Colin Whittaker, APACS, "EMV Security -- A UK Payment Industry perspective," slide show, undated; online at /passports/IndustrySecurity.pdf [11].
[19] See Jay Stanley and Barry Steinhardt, "Bigger Monster, Weaker Chains: The Growth of an American Surveillance Society," ACLU, January 2003; online at /node/24155 [12].
[20] The ACLU calls this technique "policy laundering." Just as "money laundering" describes the cycling of illegitimate funds through outside institutions in order to enter them into legitimate circulation, so does policy laundering involve the cycling of policies that lack political legitimacy through outsid


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