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Florida Statute 489.128 provides that contracts entered into by an unlicensed contractor are not enforceable by the unlicensed contractor. Importantly, this statute was amended in 2009 to clarify that the term "unlicensed" means the failure to secure a state license (as opposed to a local license). Florida Statute 489.532(1)(a) further clarifies that if a state license is not required for a scope of work to be performed under a contract, the individual performing the work is not considered unlicensed.
Three recent appellate decisions addressed the application of F.S. 489.128.
In MGM Construction Services Coro. v. Travelers, 36 Fla. L. Weekly D462a, (3d DCA 2011), the trial court denied relief to a stucco sub-contractor who liened a project for non-payment. The trial court dismissed the sub-contractor's suit on the basis that the sub-contractor could not enforce its contract with the general contractor because it did not possess a specialty contractor's license as required by county ordinance. The appellate court ruled that F.S. 489.128 did not render the contract unenforceable because there was no state licensing requirement for stucco sub-contractors. The appellate court then looked at whether the trial court could nonetheless deny contract enforcement because of the lack of the county license. The county ordinance in question did not render contracts unenforceable if licensing was not secured. Despite this, the appellate court determined that the trial court on remand could still rule the contract unenforceable, but had to weigh public policy concerns against possible inequities in reaching its determination.
In Earth Trade, Inc. v. T & G Corporation, 42 So.3d 929 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010), a site contractor without the required state license performed site work for a parking garage. The work was defective and the general contractor sued the site contractor for breach of contract. The general contractor prevailed at trial. On appeal, the site contractor and its surety contended that the general contractor could not enforce the contract because it knew that the site contractor was unlicensed. The appellate court rejected this argument citing the clear language of F.S. 489.128 rendering a contract by an unlicensed contractor unenforceable only where the unlicensed contractor is attempting to enforce the contract.
Finally, in MMII, Inc. v. Silvester, 42 So.2d 876 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010), the trial court rejected a breach of contract claim by a seller/installer of audio entertainment systems on the basis that the seller/installer did not have a state general contractor nor state electrical sub-contractor license. The appellate court reversed, finding that electrical work was only incidental to the installation of audio entertainment systems and thus the installation of such systems did not require a state license.


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From Why Did God Give Us Emotions?
- Are Some Emotions Good and Others Bad?
- Suggestions for when Disturbing Memories Surface
- The Role of Medications with Emotional Problems
From Anger: Taming the Beast
- Three Common Myths about Anger
- The Time Tunnel: When the Past Invades the Present
- Behavior as Coded Messages – The Language of Love
From Overcoming Anxiety
- Four Common Traits in Adults with Abusive Childhoods
- What Are Boundaries in Human Relationships?
- D.E.R. Scripts – A Simple and Effective Way to Assert Yourself
- Learning to "Normalize" Yourself
From Anxiety, Phobias & Panic

subset: commoncrawl


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The middle weekend of the summer school begins with Challenge Day. Each course is charged with a challenge related to the course of study. Our Young Doctors spent the afternoon at the hospital diagnosing patients while our Law Academy visited the Oxford Crown Court for a mock trial. The Psychologists prepared and run a study and our Engineers built a bridge. The Creative Writing class spent their challenge planning out a book series. The Leadership and Debate and Public Speaking classes battled it out in a Model United Nations while our Enterprise class pitched mobile app ideas to a panel of dragons. With everyone buzzing and exhausted from a day of hard work, we settled down to a relaxed evening. The traditional British style quiz gave the opportunity for teams to gain important points for the ongoing competition, and to review and comment on staff baby pictures. The day ended with a movie and free time before bed time.
Putting it all into Practice
Aug 9, 2015


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Master Plan 2007
A preliminary draft Airport Master Plan was prepared in 2006. Following a public participation program and further technical review the Sunshine Coast Airport Master Plan September 2007 was adopted by Council.
An executive summary of the submissions received is detailed within Appendix B of the Sunshine Coast Airport Master Plan September 2007 document.
A downloadable format of the document is available below by clicking on the links. Discs and printed versions of the document are available for collection from the Sunshine Coast Airport Management office, council libraries, and customer service centres at Maroochydore and Nambour.
- Executive Summary [667Kb]
- Introduction [283Kb]
- Aviation Demand Forecast [126Kb]
- Aircraft Aprons [204Kb]
- Passenger Terminal [139Kb]
- Surface Access and Parking [283Kb]
- Runway [113Kb]
- Taxiways [18Kb]
- Aviation Support [278Kb]
- Master Plan [202Kb]
- Environmental Impacts [825Kb]
- Staged Developments [1558Kb]
- Appendices A and B [1826Kb]


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He came over to brush my hair, told me I was golden while looking through a mirror. Dark locks down my bare back, I place my arms gently along my sides as he leaves me and walks towards the kitchen. He glances back and asks me what I am thinking about.
"I want to paint the full moon outside and name my children after Edgar Allen Poe," I said.
He continuted to fill our glasses as he asked where all my books were. "They're at my father's house." He knows why I leave them there as well as I, a part of me must always remain home.
We turn the pages into the night, dark works smell like the fog covering the moon.


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Share of voice: what it is and how to increase yours
There are a lot of marketing metrics tossed around these days. LTV… CPC… ROI. Even LOL (which measures how you respond to your publishing calendar). But share of voice means more to us than any other. Especially this year. That's because our CEO and Co-Founder, Guillaume Decugis, has named share of voice as the primary […]Read More


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Tips To Recover From A Foot Injury.
Your foot is intricate. It contains about one-fourth of the considerable number of bones in your body. So foot cracks and disengagements can be either basic—including only one bone—or complex—including numerous bones. Recuperation from a foot crack or disengagement relies upon the sort, area, multifaceted nature and treatment. Some basically require rest, while others require a long time of recovery. Foot injuries can cause many inconvenience as a simple task such as walking seems like the hardest thing to do.
Ask for support.
If you feel like it is hard for you to place your foot on the ground, talk to your specialist and ask if they would suggest orthotics. Orthotics Clayton is a device which is placed inside the shoe to help someone to recover from a foot injury.
Plenty of rest.
The main thing you'll need to do during the recovery period is to allow the damage to recuperate temporarily, and that implies remaining off the foot for a little time. Chances are your specialist will instruct you to raise your foot also, as this helps diminish swelling. Your specialist may let you know not to put weight on your foot. This can keep going for a little while as the bone mends. Props will enable you to get around while keeping weight off the foot. Or, then again you may just need an unbending boot to give security if your specialist permits weight bearing. Once the crutches or boot are gone, it's essential not to over-burden your bone. Contingent upon your age and the damage, it can take a while or a few years to recover full bone quality.
The Nutrition.
Nutrition is a standout amongst the most disregarded angles when endeavoring to recoup after foot injury. Not exclusively does your body require a scope of vitamins and minerals to help in the recuperating procedure, but since you'll be physically constrained in the days and weeks after your operation, you won't have the capacity to consume off overabundance calories as effortlessly. Modify your caloric admission and take a stab at sound alternatives. Your foot is now in a debilitated state; don't make recovery more troublesome on the grounds that you're requesting that your foot bear additional weight go to reliable foot clinic.
Stay positive!
Foot injury can take a toll on your emotional state and your mind set. It is necessary that you remain positive throughout the entire recovery process as the period is going to be lengthy and slow. You may always end up laying on the couch or the bed with minimal movement so it is most likely that you would start to lose your mind. So if you start feeling bored or down call up a friend or start reading a book. Do whatever it takes to keep your mind positive and filled with motivational thoughts.


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Pedestrian Ramblings
All across Ohio and all across the nation people enjoy public lands and National Public Lands Day is celebrated the last weekend of September.
I enjoyed a 36 year career working in parks and recreation and was privileged to have served as the executive director for Geauga Park District, Lake Metroparks and Toledo Metroparks. I have seen first hand how people use and enjoy public lands. They come for recreational pursuits, to recover from the stress of day to day life, to receive inspiration, to celebrate love and build relationships and even morn and recover from loss. There is an increasing body of research that illustrates the health and mental benefits associated with outdoor experiences. Time out of doors can also create unique memories and help develop an appreciation for the natural resources and wonders associated with where we live, our state and our great nation.
As a avid outdoorsman my family and I have enjoyed hiking, camping, hunting and fishing across Ohio and several states. These experiences have shaped my character and developed and refined my values and created strong bonds within our family.
As a professional I have been involved with numerous local and regional public surveys and reviewed hundreds of other state and national surveys. I have read and studied countless articles on the economic impacts of open space and their associated cultural and social values.
The protection of open space and natural areas is important to Ohioans and people across the United States.
Public lands are our shared legacy where all Americans can recreate on millions of acres that conserve landscapes and waters home to incredible fish and wildlife populations, important historic and archaeological treasures and stunning scenery. In Ohio, large municipal parks, regional parks like Metroparks and our system of State Parks, Natural Areas, Forests and Wildlife Areas are all incredibly important and highly utilized. Ohioans also enjoy Cuyahoga National Park, Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge and Wayne National Forest which are managed by the federal government. These are all treasured areas enjoyed by millions of visitors each year.
Public lands in the Buckeye State improve quality of life for millions of Ohioans who annually enjoy hunting, fishing, hiking, biking, camping, wildlife viewing, nature photography, bird watching, quiet time and serenity.
According to a 2017 outdoor recreation survey by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources trail activities are so popular that adding trails is a top request across all demographics and canoeing and kayaking are growing in popularity.
It is also widely understood and appreciated that natural areas provide ecological services contributing to the protection of water and air quality and provide essential habitat for all manner of wildlife and unique plant communities.
Public lands also drive a powerful economic engine known as outdoor recreation, generating 215,000 jobs in Ohio. According to the Outdoor Industry Association annual consumer spending is estimated at $24.3 billion. In addition there is an estimated $7.0 billion in payroll and $1.5 billion in state and local taxes. Nationally, outdoor recreation drives $887 billion in consumer spending annually and employs 7.6 million people.
Unfortunately there are some people who want to sell public lands to private owners or allow damaging commercial or industrial development on them.
Current recommendations for increased mining and drilling on public lands are being considered along with a proposal to shrink boundaries of ten national monuments. These considerations ignore or dismiss the feedback of more than 2.8 million public comments submitted to the Department of Interior on the matter. The vast majority of which were in favor of keeping national monuments intact.
Public lands and waterways are for all of us. We shouldn't sell, shrink, or damage them. We should continue to invest in them.
The federal government should follow the State of Ohio's example in protecting public access to outdoor spaces. Ohio is in discussions with American Electric Power to purchase a major portion of the company's 60,000-acre ReCreation Land property in eastern Ohio. Governor Kasich called this opportunity to acquire a large expanse for public recreation "rare" and noted it could provide greater outdoor opportunities for "Ohioans and out-of-state visitors who are drawn to our great state parks, forests, nature preserves and wildlife areas."
So in honor of National Public Lands Day go out and enjoy our public lands and waterways. While we're there, let's pick up some trash or volunteer to maintain a trail, or remove an invasive species. We should also encourage our elected officials to respect the public's will, do what's best for our country and keep public lands protections intact.


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Power ministers from various countries will participate in the conference along with power ministers of Indian states during the expo which will be held with the theme of electrical engineering, power generation and innovation from October 6 to October 10.
While the expo is being held under Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited, Federation of Gujarat Industries (FGI) is the implementation and organizing partner.
During the exhibition, Union power minister Piyush Goyal is organizing the international conference of power ministers to improve cooperation in the area of energy. Goyal's quarterly meeting with power, coal and mines ministers of states will also be organized during the expo.
"Vadodara and Gujarat have been strategically chosen to host this global exhibition as more than 23 per cent of electrical goods in India are manufactured in Vadodara that is also home to major players in the electrical sector," said FGI president Amit Patel.
"SWITCH 2016, a biennial exhibition, will be a major platform for manufacturers, suppliers, buyers and innovators in the electrical industry, to meet, interact, network and showcase their products and technologies," he said.
It will provide all participants networking opportunities with national and international market players making it a 'one stop shop' for every individual in the power and electrical sector.
Visitors will include more than 8,500 highly qualified and strategic buyers from the global power sector, including international government officials and power secretaries.


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The Department of Defense announced today the death of a soldier who was supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Staff Sgt. Steven R. Tudor, 36, of Dunmore, Pa., died Apr. 21 in Baghdad, Iraq, of wounds suffered when his unit came in contact with enemy forces using indirect fire during combat operations. Tudor was assigned to the 210th Brigade Support Battalion, 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division, Fort Drum, N.Y.
For more information in regard to this release the media can contact the Fort Drum public affairs office at (315) 772-8286.
Tuesday, April 24, 2007
Army Casualty
Posted by Criminal Justice News at 6:08 PM
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the cozy waffle dress
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I was going to post a review of Infected by Scott Sigler, but I'm so flustered today that I thought I'd share the news going around the traps (in case you haven't seen it yet).
Stephenie Meyer is publishing a novella that is a spin off from her book Eclipse. It's based on Bree Tanner's story (if you're a fan you'll most probably remember Bree Tanner and if you're new to it or not a fan she was one of the newborns) and Meyer will be making it available online to read from the 7th of June to the 5th of July (for free) and the novella itself will be released in book format on June the 5th.
Also a dollar from each purchase goes to The Red Cross, but rather then me going on about it you can read up more about the announcement on Meyer's website.


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Podcast Discussion of Theonomy (According to Christ)
I recently discussed the issue of theonomy on the According to Christ podcast. It's a complicated topic, so it takes more than an hour to discuss, but hopefully we touched on enough points to lead people into further study. I try to be as detailed as possible in my analysis and criticism because Bahnsen was as detailed as possible in his defense. He listened to critics (not always fully, imo) and gave detailed replies. My argument does not simply rest on a general, vague appeal to typology. Rather, I seek to provide very concrete arguments from typology – more concretely than Bahnsen's previous critics. However, an adequately thorough presentation of these arguments would require a book, not a podcast.
At one point I misspoke. I stated that Bahnsen could not understand Israel as a type of the church. Bahnsen stated on page 440 of Theonomy in Christian Ethics "With respect to typology it might be suggested that Israel as a nation is a type of the church of Christ. There is certainly scriptural warrant for that comparison." Bahnsen then proceeded to demonstrate the incompleteness of a general appeal to the typology of Israel, insisting that any argument from typology much be very specific in how Israel's typology translates into the abrogation of certain penal sanctions. Bahnsen said
[S]ince the argument from typology would appear to contradict the direct assertion of Scripture (cf. Matt. 5:17-19), then much more than a typological connection must be mentioned. It must be demonstrated that Scripture warrants the suggested inference from the typological connection to the argumentative conclusion. The artistic and pedagogical designs inherent in the Scriptures certainly must not be ignored or despised; however, neither must they be abused by trying to make them say something which Scripture itself does not say. The infallible interpreter of Scripture is not an imaginative model brought to bear on the data of the Bible (thus threatening to operate like a Procrustean bed) but is the Scripture itself (Westminster Confession of Faith, I.IX). Without specific biblical moorings and key didactic confirmations, from point to point, typology degenerates either to allegory or a mere projection of the typologists clever or artistic imagination.
I agree and have thus sought to be concrete in my arguments from typology. Lord willing I will be able to put those arguments down in the more concrete form of a book in the future. For now, I hope the brief podcast discussion is helpful.
Backus Against Dominionism
Dominionism (related to the Christian Reconstruction movement), which has gained popularity in Christian circles since the 1970s, is nothing new. Isaac Backus explained the ultimate root of the error.
The covenant of circumcision gave those who were born in it a right to treat all others, both as to worship and commerce, as no others had any right to treat them. A right to office also in that church was hereditary. When our Savior came, he fulfilled the law, both moral and ceremonial, and abolished those hereditary distinctions among mankind. But in the centuries following, deceitful philosophy took away the name which God has given to that covenant, (Acts 7:8) and added the name Grace to it; from whence came the doctrine, that dominoin is founded in grace. And although this latter name has been exploded by many, yet the root of it has been tenaciously held fast and taught in all colleges and superior places of learning, as far as Christianity has extended, until the present time; whereby natural affection, education, temporal interest, and self-righteousness, the strongest prejudices in the world, have all conspired to bind people in that way, and to bar their minds against equal liberty and believers' baptism. But the writings of our learned ministers in England have communicated much light to this country; to which more was added by the travails and labors of our southern fathers and brethren.
A History of New England with Particular Reference to the Denomination of Christians called Baptists, p. 137
All of the modern paedobaptists arguing against theonomy and dominionism by insisting that "Abraham is not Moses" are missing the root of the error. Backus is correct that the error is rooted in an unbiblical understanding of Abraham.
How Christians Should Regard Moses (Luther)
How Christians Should Regard Moses is an interesting sermon from Luther responding to the theonomists of his day. What is noteworthy is that Luther responds the way that 1689 Federalism has responded (which is not surprising given that Luther largely followed Augustine). The Mosaic law as a unit (including the 10 commandments as they were delivered to Israel) is abrogated. It does not continue into the New Covenant. However, part of Mosaic law overlapped with natural law, which binds all men. And Moses clarifies natural law by putting it in writing, so we can look for clarification in Moses. Furthermore, Moses contains promises of the gospel, by which men were saved through believing.
They desire to govern people according to the letter of the law of Moses, as if no one had ever read it before.
But we will not have this sort of thing… It is no longer binding on us because it was given only to the people of Israel…
Moses was an intermediary solely for the Jewish people. It was to them that he gave the law. We must therefore silence the mouths of those factious spirits who say, "Thus says Moses," etc. Here you simply reply: Moses has nothing to do with us. If I were to accept Moses in one commandment, I would have to accept the entire Moses. Thus the consequence would be that if I accept Moses as master, then I must have myself circumcised, wash my clothes in the Jewish way, eat and drink and dress thus and so, and observe all that stuff…
That Moses does not bind the Gentiles can be proved from Exodus 20:1, where God himself speaks, "I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage." This text makes it clear that even the Ten Commandments do not pertain to us. For God never led us out of Egypt, but only the Jews. The sectarian spirits want to saddle us with Moses and all the commandments. We will just skip that. We will regard Moses as a teacher, but we will not regard him as our lawgiver – unless he agrees with both the New Testament and the natural law…
When these factious spirits come, however, and say, "Moses has commanded it," then simply drop Moses and reply, "I am not concerned about what Moses commands." "Yes," they say, "he has commanded that we should have one God, that we should trust and believe in him, that we should not swear by his name; that we should honor father and mother; not kill, steal, commit adultery; not bear false witness, and not covet [Exod. 20:3-17]; should we not keep these commandments?" You reply: Nature also has these laws. Nature provides that we should call upon God. The Gentiles attest to this fact. For there never was a Gentile who did not call upon his idols, even though these were not the true God. This also happened among the Jews, for they had their idols as did the Gentiles; only the Jews have received the law. The Gentiles have it written in their heart, and there is no distinction [Rom. 3:22]. As St. Paul also shows in Romans 2:14-15, the Gentiles, who have no law, have the law written in their heart.
But just as the Jews fail, so also do the Gentiles. Therefore it is natural to honor God, not steal, not commit adultery, not bear false witness, not murder; and what Moses commands is nothing new. For what God has given the Jews from heaven, he has also written in the hearts of all men. Thus I keep the commandments which Moses has given, not because Moses gave the commandment, but because they have been implanted in me by nature, and Moses agrees exactly with nature, etc.
But the other commandments of Moses, which are not [implanted in all men] by nature, the Gentiles do not hold. Nor do these pertain to the Gentiles, such as the tithe and others equally fine which I wish we had too. Now this is the first thing that I ought to see in Moses, namely, the commandments to which I am not bound except insofar as they are by nature…
Thus we read Moses not because he applies to us, that we must obey him, but because he agrees with the natural law and is conceived better than the Gentiles would ever have been able to do. Thus the Ten Commandments are a mirror of our life, in which we can see wherein we are lacking, etc…
In the second place I find something in Moses that I do not have from nature: the promises and pledges of God about Christ.
This is the best thing. It is something that is not written naturally into the heart, but comes from heaven… in Moses there are the promises of God which sustain faith. As it is written of Eve in Genesis 3:15, "I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed; he shall bruise your head," etc. Again Abraham was given this promise by God, speaking thus in Genesis 22:18, "In your descendants shall all the nations be blessed"; that is, through Christ the gospel is to arise.
Review of "Bounds of Love"
For those interested, I wrote a 4-part review of "Bounds of Love" – a newly published book from American Vision as an introduction to theonomy – over at the Reformed Libertarian blog.
1689 Federalism & Theonomy
Theonomy may not be heard regularly from pulpits, but it is a view that is alive and well among Christians who take the Bible seriously and are struggling to understand how to apply it to the world they live in.
As appealing as theonomy may be for its apparently simple answer to a difficult subject, it is actually entirely (100%) incompatible with 1689 Federalism. Theonomy, properly defined as the belief that all nations today are obligated to obey Israel's judicial laws because they have not been abrogated, relies upon an extreme version of the "one substance, multiple administrations" view of covenant theology. It stresses that the Old Covenant is really just the Older Covenant and the New Covenant is just the Newer Covenant – both being administrations of the covenant of grace. Since 1689 Federalism rejects this model, there is no way to hold to both theonomy and 1689 Federalism.
Theonomy, as Greg Bahnsen uses the term.5 is a view of the Bible that argues for the continuing validity of God's revealed law in every area of life. Bahnsen argues that unless a specific Old Testament law has been abrogated by the New Testament, either by specific revelation or because of an application of a New Testament principle, its authority is still morally and/ or judicially binding. "The methodological point, then, is that we presume our obligation to obey any Old Testament commandment unless the New Testament indicates otherwise. We must assume continuity with the Old Testament rather than discontinuity. This is not to say that there are no changes from Old to New Testament. Indeed, there are — important ones. However, the word of God must be the standard which defines precisely what those changes are for us; we cannot take it upon ourselves to assume such changes or read them into the New Testament."6
Greg Bahnsen
The fact is that all of the covenants of the Old Covenant (that is, all of the Old Testament covenants) are unified as parts of the one overall covenant of grace established by God. Paul spoke of Gentiles who were not part of the Old Covenant economy which included the Abrahamic, Mosaic, and Davidic covenants as "strangers to the covenants of the promise" (Eph. 2:12)…There were many, progressively revealed aspects to the single promise of God in the Old Testament: many administrations of the overall covenant of grace… Given the unity of God's covenant throughout history and the Bible, then, is it true that Christians living under the New Covenant are not obliged to keep the Old Covenant law (the commandments of the Old Testament, especially those given by Moses)?…[W]e saw that all of the covenants of God are unified into one overall Covenant of Grace, fully realized with the coming of Christ in the New Covenant. So if there is one covenant enjoyed by the people of God throughout the ages, then there is one moral code or set of stipulations which govern those who would be covenant-keepers. Therefore, we must answer that of course New Testament believers are bound to the Old Testament law of God. His standards, just like His covenant, are unchanging. (BTS, 41-42)…
There is no textual indication, however, that the New Covenant brings a new standard of moral conduct, and there is no textual indication that the Old Covenant standard has been categorically laid aside. The Covenantal administrations are dramatically different – in glory, power, realization, and finality – but not as codes defining right and wrong behavior or attitudes. (BTS, 168)
John Owen:
Wherefore the whole law of Moses, as given unto the Jews, whether as used or abused by them, was repugnant unto and inconsistent with the gospel, and the mediation of Christ, especially his priestly office, therein declared; neither did God either design, appoint, or direct that they should be co-existent…
It is not, therefore, the peculiar command for the institution of the legal priesthood that is intended, but the whole system of Mosaical institutions. For the apostle having already proved that the priesthood was to be abolished, he proceeds on that ground and from thence to prove that the whole law was also to be in like manner abolished and removed. And indeed it was of such a nature and constitution, that pull one pin out of the fabric, and the whole must fall unto the ground; for the sanction of it being, that "he was cursed who continued not in all things written in the law to do them," the change of any one thing must needs overthrow the whole law…
And the whole of this system of laws is called a "command," because it consisted in "arbitrary commands" and precepts, regulated by that maxim, "The man that doeth these things shall live by them," Romans 10:5. And therefore the law, as a command, is opposed unto the gospel, as a promise of righteousness by Jesus Christ, Galatians 3:11, 12. Nor is it the whole ceremonial law only that is intended by "the command" in this place, but the moral law also, so far as it was compacted with the other into one body of precepts for the same end; for with respect unto the efficacy of the whole law of Moses, as unto our drawing nigh unto God, it is here considered…
By all these ways was the church of the Hebrews forewarned that the time would come when the whole Mosaical law, as to its legal or covenant efficacy, should be disannulled, unto the unspeakable advantage of the church…
It is therefore plainly declared, that the law is "abrogated," "abolished… disannulled."
Richard Barcellos
Hearty agreement must be given when New Covenant theologians argue for the abolition of the Old Covenant. This is clearly the teaching of the Old and New Testaments (see Jeremiah 31:31-32; Second Corinthians 3; Galatians 3, 4; Ephesians 2:14-15; Hebrews 8-10). The whole law of Moses, as it functioned under the Old Covenant, has been abolished, including the Ten Commandments. Not one jot or tittle of the law of Moses functions as Old Covenant law anymore and to act as if it does constitutes redemptive-historical retreat and neo-Judaizing. However, to acknowledge that the law of Moses no longer functions as Old Covenant law is not to accept that it no longer functions; it simply no longer functions as Old Covenant law. This can be seen by the fact that the New Testament teaches both the abrogation of the law of the Old Covenant and its abiding moral validity under the New Covenant.
In Defense of the Decalogue, 61.
See also JOHN OWEN AND NEW COVENANT THEOLOGY: Owen on the Old and New Covenants and the Functions of the Decalogue in Redemptive History in Historical and Contemporary Perspective
To be clear, LBCF chapter 19 affirms that the moral law, the decalogue, continues to guide Christians as a rule of righteousness. The difference, however, is that moral law does not continue to guide by virtue of its unabrogated Mosaic establishment. It continues to guide as universal moral standard that transcends all covenants. (For more on this, see JOHN OWEN AND NEW COVENANT THEOLOGY: Owen on the Old and New Covenants and the Functions of the Decalogue in Redemptive History in Historical and Contemporary Perspective).
The point is that the law was given to Israel on Mt. Sinai as a covenant of works. Note Owen "it consisted in "arbitrary commands" and precepts, regulated by that maxim, "The man that doeth these things shall live by them," Romans 10:5. And therefore the law, as a command, is opposed unto the gospel…" The Old Covenant operated upon the works principle "Do this and live" (Leviticus 18:5). As Owen notes, Paul quotes Leviticus 18:5 to demonstrate that this principle of works is directly opposed to the principle of faith. Thus "with respect unto the efficacy of the whole law of Moses, as unto our drawing nigh unto God, it is here considered…"
The law says "do this", a covenant of works says "do this and live." The curses found in the Mosaic covenant (and the blessings) are derived from the law as a covenant of works. Violation of the law brought curses upon individuals and the nation. That is why people were put to death in Israel for violating the moral law. Because it was a covenant of works with life in the balance (Lev 18:5, cited in Gal 3:12 & Rom 10:5). Augustine put it this way
In that testament, however, which is properly called the Old, and was given on Mount Sinai, only earthly happiness is expressly promised. Accordingly that land, into which the nation, after being led through the wilderness, was conducted, is called the land of promise, wherein peace and royal power, and the gaining of victories over enemies, and an abundance of children and of fruits of the ground, and gifts of a similar kind are the promises of the Old Testament. And these, indeed, are figures of the spiritual blessings which appertain to the New Testament; but yet the man who lives under God's law with those earthly blessings for his sanction, is precisely the heir of the Old Testament, for just such rewards are promised and given to him, according to the terms of the Old Testament, as are the objects of his desire according to the condition of the old man…
[T]he law of works, which was written on the tables of stone, and its reward, the land of promise, which the house of the carnal Israel after their liberation from Egypt received, belonged to the old testament [covenant]…
"But the law is not of faith: but The man that doeth them shall live in them." (Gal 3:12) Which testimony, quoted by the apostle from the law, is understood in respect of temporal life, in respect of the fear of losing which, men were in the habit of doing the works of the law, not of faith; because the transgressors of the law were commanded by the same law to be put to death by the people.
"'Cursed be anyone who does not confirm the words of this law by doing them.' And all the people shall say, 'Amen.'" Deuteronomy 27:26 (cited in Gal 3:10)
The death penalty instituted under the Old Covenant for violation of the moral law was not itself part of the moral law. It was an addition to the moral law given by way of covenant. The shedding of blood by man for violation of the moral law was specifically a curse. Theonomists who believe Christians should enforce Mosaic curses for violation of the moral law are putting Christians under a covenant of works that we have been freed from (Gal 5:1; Acts 15:10).
"And if a man has committed a crime punishable by death and he is put to death, and you hang him on a tree, his body shall not remain all night on the tree, but you shall bury him the same day, for a hanged man is cursed by God. You shall not defile your land that the LORD your God is giving you for an inheritance."
(Deuteronomy 21:22-23, cited in Gal 3:13)
It is specifically this principle of curse for violation of the law that Christ died on the cross for (Gal 3:13). Christians are not under the decalogue as a means to earn their life or lose it. Christ has earned our life and saved us from the curse. (Note, however, that although the Old Covenant was a covenant of works, it was not the covenant of works: it did not deal with eternal blessing and curse)
Rushdoony v Booth
How is Christ's Kingdom to come? Scripture is again very definite and explicit. The glorious peace and prosperity of Christ's reign will be brought about ONLY as people obey the covenant law. In Lev. 26, Deut. 28, and all of Scripture, this is plainly stated. There will be peace and prosperity in the land, the enemy will be destroyed, and men will be free of evils only "If ye walk in my statutes, and keep my commandments, and do them (Lev. 26:3). The obedience of faith to the law of God produces IRRESISTIBLE BLESSINGS. "And all these blessings shall come on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God" (Deut. 28:2). On the other hand, disobedience leads to IRRESISTIBLE CURSES. . . .
God's determination of history is thus plainly described in His law. If we believe and obey, then we are blessed and we prosper in Him; if we deny Him and disobey His law, we are cursed and confounded. . . .
-Rushdoony, The Meaning of Postmillennialism, pp. 53-56
God established His covenant with Adam, and again with Noah. It was a dominion covenant. It was man's authorization to subdue the earth, but under God's overall authority and under His law. God also covenanted with Abram, changing his name to Abraham, and instituting the sign of His covenant, circumcision. He covenanted with Jacob, Abraham's grandson, changing his name to Israel, promising to bless Jacob's efforts (Genesis 32:24-30). God covenanted with Moses and the children of Israel, promising to bless them if they conformed to His laws, but curse them if they disobeyed (Deuteronomy 8:28). The covenant was a treaty, and it involved mutual obligations and promises. The ruler, God, offers the peace treaty to a man or selection of men, and they in turn accept its terms of surrender. The treaty spells out mutual obligations: protection and blessings from the King, and obedience on the part of the servants. It also spells out the term of judgement: cursings from the King in case of rebellion on the part of the servants.
This same covenant is extended to the church today. It covers the institutional church, and it also applies to nations that agree to conform their laws to God's standards . . . .
-Gary North, Unconditional Surrender
This failure to distinguish between biblical covenants and the way the law functions in each is both the lynchpin and the fatal error of theonomy. Theonomy rests upon what is called "monocovenantalism." You can see it in the above quote where North says we are under the same covenant as Adam before the fall. You could also say theonomy rests upon "mononomism." This is why theonomy speaks of God's law and God's covenant in the singular.
Compare the above two quotes with Abraham Booth (1689 Federalism).
Now, as the immunities, grants, and honors, bestowed by the King Messiah, are ail of a spiritual nature; his faithful subjects have no reason to wonder, or to be discouraged, at any persecutions, afflictions, or poverty which may befall them. Were his empire of this world, then indeed it might be expected, from the goodness of his heart and the power of his arm, that those who are submissive to his authority, zealous for his honor, and conformed to his image, would commonly find themselves easy and prosperous in their temporal circumstances. Yes, were his dominion of a secular kind, it might be supposed that an habitually conscientious regard to his laws, would secure from the oppression of ungodly men, and from the distresses of temporal want. — Thus it was with Israel under their Theocracy. When the rulers and the people in general were punctual in observing Jehovah's appointments, the stipulations of the Sinai Covenant secured them from being oppressed bv their enemies, and from any remarkable affliction by the immediate hand of God. Performing the conditions of their National Confederation, they were, as a people, warranted to expect every species of temporal prosperity. Health, and long life, riches, honors, and victory over their enemies, were promised by Jehovah to their external obedience.[ 64] The punishments also, that were denounced against flagrant breaches of the Covenant made at Horeb, were of a temporal kind.[ 65]
In this respect, however, as well as in other things, there is a vast difference between the Jewish, and the Christian economy. This disparity was plainly intimated, if I mistake not, by the opposite modes of divine proceeding, in establishing Jehovah's kingdom among the Jews, and in founding the empire of Jesus Christ. To settle the Israelitish church, to exalt the chosen tribes above surrounding nations, and to render the ancient Theocracy supremely venerable, the divine Sovereign appeared in terrible majesty. Wasting plagues and awful deaths were often inflicted by eternal justice, on those who dared to oppose, or to oppress, the people of God. An angel was commissioned to destroy the Egyptian first-born; Pharaoh, with his mighty host, were drowned in the Red sea; and the Canaanitish nations were put to the sword, that the subjects of Jehovah might possess their fertile country. Manifest indications these, in connection with express promises, that the special Providence of God would exalt and bless the natural seed of Abraham with temporal felicity; provided they did not violate the Sinai Covenant.
But when the Prince Messiah founded his kingdom, all things were otherwise. No marks of external grandeur attended his personal appearance: and, instead of executing righteous vengeance on those who opposed him, his language was, The Son of man is 'not come to destroy men's lives, but to save them. Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do! — After a life of labour and of beneficence, of poverty and of reproach, he fell a victim to persecution, and a martyr to truth. Such was the plan of divine Providence, respecting Christ our King, and such was the treatment with which he met from the world! Striking intimations, those, that his most faithful subjects would have no ground of discouragement, in any sufferings which might await them; and that, considered as his dependents, spiritual blessings were all they should have to expect.
It must indeed be acknowledged, that as vicious tempers and immoral practices have a natural tendency to impair health, distress the mind, and waste the property; to the exercise of holy affections, and the practice of true godliness, have the most friendly aspect on a Christian's own temporal happiness, (except so far as persecution intervenes) and on the welfare of society. But then it is evident that this arises from the nature of things, and from the superintendency of common Providence; rather than from the dominion of Christ, as a spiritual monarch. For, so considered, spiritual blessings are all that they have to expect from his royal hand.
By the prophetic declarations of our Lord himself, and by the history of this kingdom, it plainly appears, that among all the subjects of his government, none have been more exposed to persecution, affliction, and poverty, than those who were most eminent for obedience to his laws, and most useful in his empire. The most uniform subjection to his authority, and the warmest zeal for his honor, that ever appeared upon earth; were no security from bitter persecution, from pinching poverty, or from complicated affliction. Our divine Lord, considered as a spiritual sovereign, is concerned for the spiritual interests of those that are under his government. His personal perfections and royal prerogatives, his power and wisdom, his love and care, are therefore to be regarded as engaged, both by office and by promise, — not to make his dependents easy and prosperous in their temporal concerns; but– to strengthen them for their spiritual warfare; to preserve them from finally falling by their invisible enemies; to make all afflictions work together for their good; to render them, in the final issue, more than conquerors over every opposer; and to crown them with, everlasting life.
Our Lord has promised, indeed, that their obedience to his royal pleasure, shall meet with his gracious regards in the present life. Not by indulging them with temporal riches, or by granting them external honor and ease; but by admitting them into more intimate communion with himself, and by rejoicing their hearts with his favor.[ 66] Yes, to deliver from spiritual enemies, and to provide for spiritual wants; to indulge with spiritual riches, and to ennoble with spiritual honors, are those royal acts which belong to Him, whose kingdom is not of this world. In the bestowment of these blessings, the glory of his regal character is much concerned. But millions of his devoted subjects may fall by the iron hand of oppression, starve in obscurity, or suffer accumulated affliction in other ways; without the least impeachment of his power, his goodness, or his care, as the sovereign of a spiritual kingdom.
-Booth, Abraham. An Essay on the Kingdom of Christ (Kindle Locations 1090-1130). Reformed Libertarian.
For more on this, see Abraham Booth's An Essay on the Kingdom of Christ.
General Equity
A separate question is whether or not nations today may or should enforce the general equity of Israel's judicial laws in their own civil laws. Here are two resources to help unpack 19.4 of the 2nd London Baptist Confession from a 1689 Federalism perspective:
Abraham Booth's "The Kingdom of Christ"
Here is a quote from the introduction to Abraham Booth's The Kingdom of Christ. You can find more quotes/excerpts from this Evernote link.
This mistake of the Jews, respecting the kingdom of the Messiah, lying at the foundation of all the opposition with which they treated him, and of their own ruin; it behoves us to guard with diligence against every thing which tends to secularize the dominion of Christ : lest, by corrupting the Gospel Economy, we dishonour the Lord Redeemer, and be finally punished as the enemies of his government. Our danger of contracting guilt, and of incurring divine resentment in this way, is far from being small. For we are so conversant with sensible objects, and so delighted with exterior show, that we are naturally inclined to wish for something in religion to gratify our carnality. Under the influence of that master prejudice, the expectation of a temporal kingdom, Jewish depravity rejected Christ; and our corruption, if we be not watchful, may so misrepresent his empire, and oppose his royal prerogatives, as implicitly to fay, " We will not have him to reign over us."*
* "As the great source of the infidelity of the Jews was a notion of the temporal kingdom of the Messiah, we may justly say, that the great source of the corruption of Christians, and of their general defection, foretold by the inspired writers, has been an attempt to render it, in effect, a temporal kingdom, and to support and extend it by earthly means. This is that spirit of Antichrist, which was so early at work, as to be discoverable in the days of the Apostles." Dr. George Campbell's Four Gospels Preface, p Iviu Second edition
2K Natural Law or Theocratic Natural Law?
If you're going to take political action that is going to compromise the gospel, then you are sealing your own doom. Over the past 50 years, conservatives have spent tens of billions of dollars lobbying, trying to elect candidates, trying to organize in various ways. When I was a kid, I was out passing out literature for Barry Goldwater, back in 1964.
And what has it gained? Are we any better off, to borrow a campaign slogan – are we better off today than we were 50 years ago? What have all those conservatives and libertarians done with those billions of dollars that has shown any improvement in the political or the moral climate of the country?
Now, if that money had been put into the preaching of the gospel – the uncompromised, unvarnished, pure gospel, perhaps there would be something completely different to show for it. But it was put into compromised political action, and there's nothing to show for it. Absolutely nothing. Tens of billions of dollars – when you think of all the campaigns, all the organizations.
And I've been involved – my [PhD] degree's in political theory, political philosophy. I've been interested in politics all my life and have been involved from time to time, working on Capitol Hill. And I learned a very good lesson on Capitol Hill – that what happens there is of little consequence. That if one is interested in changing society, you don't go to Capitol Hill, you preach the gospel.
If anybody is operating under the illusion that political action is going to make a significant change in society apart from a sea change in the beliefs in the American people, then they're condemned to futility. They will waste their lives.
–John W. Robbins, former Chief of Staff for Ron Paul: The Religious Wars of the 21st Century
I am strongly committed to the biblical understanding of two kingdoms: the kingdom of heaven and the kingdoms of earth. Paul did make it clear that the ministers of the sword (the state) serve God, but Christ also made it clear that His kingdom is not of this world. Here is a sermon I preached on John 18:28-38 http://www.porticochurch.com/messages/John_18_28_20071118.mp3 in which I speak against what I see as an unbiblical focus on transforming culture.
I make an effort to point this out because every time I address this issue I am simply mis-categorized as a "transformationist" or theonomist and thus ignored. I am neither, so please give me a couple minutes of your time.
Two Kingdoms Natural Law
A very prominent form of two kingdom theology today is advocated primarily by Westminster California, led by David VanDrunen. You can find a helpful overview on WSC's Jan. 6 Office Hours Podcast. This view is largely a response to theonomy (the view that the Mosaic case laws, or judicial laws, ie stoning, should be enforced in detail by every nation on earth). They correctly oppose theonomy by pointing out the distinction between the kingdom of heaven and the kingdoms of this earth. (They could also counter theonomy by adopting A. W. Pink or John Owen's views of the Mosaic Covenant)
However, they take this view one step further and say the kingdom of heaven is ruled by the Bible and the kingdoms of earth are ruled by natural law. This is precisely where I disagree. Such a view is nonsensical. Natural law, the law written on the hearts of all men, is the moral law, the 10 commandments. This is the unanimous Reformed view as stated particularly in the Westminster Confession of Faith chapter 19
I. God gave to Adam a law, as a covenant of works, by which he bound him and all his posterity to personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience; promised life upon the fulfilling, and threatened death upon the breach of it; and endued him with power and ability to keep it.
II. This law, after his Fall, continued to be a perfect rule of righteousness; and, as such, was delivered by God upon mount Sinai in ten commandments, and written in two tables; the first four commandments containing our duty toward God, and the other six our duty to man.
Therefore, to say the kingdoms of this world are ruled by natural law and should enforce natural law is to say that they are ruled by the 10 commandments and should enforce the 10 commandments.
Two Kingdoms Theocracy?
The result of such a view winds up exactly where they claim to not want to be: a theocracy. R. Scott Clark wrote a post against homosexual marriage called Natural Law, the Two Kingdoms, and Homosexual Marriage in which he appeals to the state's duty to enforce the creation laws regarding marriage.
The magistrate has a right and a duty to enforce marriage and divorce laws in order to enforce natural, creational boundaries in the same way he has a duty to protect a society from theft and fraud… I argue that the state should regulate marriage on the basis of natural, creational law and that those who advocate pushing back the boundaries of marriage to include homosexual marriage are advocating the recognition of the violation of natural, creational law…
Such a statement would seem to be subject to my criticism above. If the state has a duty to enforce natural law, the law of creation, then it has a duty to enforce the moral law. To say one is to say the other. Clark anticipates this objection and says:
To anticipate an objection, this is not a theocratic argument. It is not the magistrate's duty to police every sort of violation of natural law and sin. For example, no one but theocrats want the state enforcing obedience to the first table of the law. The magistrate's natural sphere of concern and authority is in the second table.
If that is R. Scott Clark's view, then how is it any different from those who say the state should enforce the second table of the moral law (such as John W. Robbins and J. Gresham Machen)? Answer: It's not different.
Clark even states 2K Natural Law does not mean the state should enforce every natural law. Well, if that's the case, then again, what is the point in making a distinction between moral law and natural law and then saying the church is ruled by one and the state is ruled by the other? There is no point. It is an invalid distinction.
[Note that D. G. Hart's precise criticism of Kloosterman in this post http://oldlife.org/2009/12/21/if-not-two-kingdoms-two-decalogues/ is that he divides the the Decalogue into two tables. Thus Hart's criticism would equally apply to Clark's natural law position, which Hart is supposedly defending.]
Lee Irons makes the same criticism of the 2K Natural Law view (though at this point I do not agree with Irons' conclusion regarding the duty of the state):
Clark seems to be saying that the state has a moral obligation or duty to enforce the moral law (= natural law), a duty that itself derives from moral/natural law. My problem with this is that, if logically carried through, this will lead to a view of civil government that is just as theocratic as that desired by the theonomists. The only difference so far as I can tell is that on Clark's view there would be more leeway in the specifics of the penal code…
…Most theonomists would be perfectly happy with a state run on natural law principles, since they argue that the general equity of the Mosaic Law is identical with natural/moral law as revealed via general revelation (cp. Bahnsen, No Other Standard, pp. 206, 222).
Again, I agree with the Reformed doctrine of natural law. It is biblical (Romans 1). I'm merely objecting to the claim that it is the moral duty of the state to enforce it in society.
Natural Law
But R. Scott Clark is too smart to miss this point. So what is he really trying to say? Well, his practical position is really that the state is obligated to enforce laws that are derived from fallen man's observation of himself. I cut his quote short earlier. Here it is in its entirety:
I argue that the state should regulate marriage on the basis of natural, creational law and that those who advocate pushing back the boundaries of marriage to include homosexual marriage are advocating the recognition of the violation of natural, creational law [recognized in the West by pagans and Christians for two thousand years.]
Thus, the argument against homosexual marriage is not a "theocratic" argument, but an argument from the nature of things grounded in natural revelation, in the most fundamental observations about how human beings relate to one another, about what it is to be human, about what it is to be a civil society, about what a family is, and ultimately, that there really is such a thing as nature or creation itself that limits the choices of sovereign, ostensibly autonomous late modern humans.
This is the inevitable conclusion that "natural law" must lead to. Natural law will ultimately find no need and no place for God, precisely because it is natural law, not supernatural law. It is quickly reduced to fallen man looking inside himself and at others to decide "what is right in his own eyes." Irons notes:
Another problem with the appeal to natural law as the principle for determining the positive enforcement duties of the civil magistrate is that we live in a pluralistic society in which the very content of natural law itself is highly contested at critical points. Many citizens believe, for example, that committed same-sex relationships are not in any way sinful. Again, I affirm that the these people are wrong, and that deep down they know they are wrong. I know that because I believe the Bible's teaching concerning the content of natural law (e.g., Romans 1). But such an appeal to Scripture will have minimal persuasive value in the public square. A natural law theorist may not go out with the intention of making a naked appeal to Scripture. He may try appealing to various arguments that support his interpretation of natural law, keeping his biblical beliefs out of play to achieve maximum rhetorical effect. But since the ultimate epistemic basis for his interpretation of natural law is Scripture, at the end of the day this will come to light at some point in the argument and it will become evident that he is not really making a good-faith religiously-neutral appeal.
Here are two related posts of mine to elaborate on this problem, and comments I made on D. G. Hart's blog:
Spectacles Prescribed: A Review of VanDrunen's "A Biblical Case for Natural Law"
If Not Two Kingdoms, Two Decalogues (note Hart's fundamental misunderstanding of natural law. He rejects WCF's definition and instead argues that natural law is that which we can observe in ourselves and others. It may be true that the foundation of the state should be our observations of nature – but that is not the same thing as the law of creation.)
Then What Are We to Do?
This is not an easy question to answer. Appealing to natural law in opposition to Scripture is erroneous, arguing for theonomy misunderstands the Mosaic covenant, and arguing for theocracy misunderstands the kingdom of heaven. I am not certain I have arrived at an answer, but J. Gresham Machen's words (echoed by Gordon Clark and John W. Robbins) make sense.
What then is the remedy for the threatened disruption of society and for the rapidly progressing decay of liberty?
There is really only one remedy. It is the rediscovery of the law of God.
If we want to restore respect for human laws, we shall have to get rid of this notion that judges and juries exist only for the utilitarian purpose of the protection of society, and shall have to restore the notion that they exist for the purposes of justice. They are only very imperfect exponents of justice, it is true. There are vast departments of life with which they should have nothing whatever to do. They are exceeding their God-given function when they seek to enforce inward purity or purity of the individual life, since theirs is the business only of enforcing – and that in necessarily imperfect fashion – that part of righteousness which concerns the relations between man and man. But they are instruments of righteousness all the same, and when that is not recognized, disaster follows for the state. Society will never be preserved by attaching savage penalties to trifling offences because the utilitarian interests of society demand it; it will never be preserved by the vicious practice (followed by some judges) of making 'examples' of people is spasmodic and unjust fashion because such examples are thought to have a salutary effect as a deterrent from future crim. No, we say, let justice never be lost from view – abstract, holy, transcendent justice – no matter what the immediate consequences may be thought to be. Only so will the ermine of the judge again be respected and the ravages of decadence be checked.
-The Christian View of Man p. 193
[Update: I just read a very helpful post over at Feeding On Christ that I highly recommend: Theonomy, Two Kingdoms, and a Middle Road)


text: Field Trips are open to the general public unless otherwise indicated. Members who are interested in attending a "members only" field trip should register with field trip coordinator, Robert Ayotte, at firstname.lastname@example.com (tel: 734-718-6114). Members planning to Car pool should bring directions and leave in plenty of time to arrive at field trip sites at the designated time.


text:
Day two of Lawn Fawn Inspiration Week, and today we are featuring the Daphne's Closet collection. This collect is full of sweet soft colored papers that are perfect for spring or any time or year.
I made another little notebook using a cheap mini composition book from Target. I covered it using paper from the petite paper pack and elements from the matching sticker sheet. The hearts were cut with the heart lawn cuts out of felt. I covered the yellow sticker in glossy accents to make a custom embellishment and added stickler accents to the tiny flowers. These are both great ways to get more looks from your stickers.
Check out the Lawn Fawn Blog for more projects from the Design Team featuring Daphne's Closet.
Monday, March 18, 2013
Lawn Fawn Inspiration Week: Daphne's Closet
Posted by Chari Moss at 2:00 AM
Labels: inspiration week, lawn fawn
7 comments:
I love the felt hearts and color combo! Such a cute gift idea!ReplyDelete
It's so cute! I especially love the glossy accents you put on th large sticker!ReplyDelete
What a lovely journal!!!! Love your use of glossy accents!ReplyDelete
What a cute notebook! Love your idea of adding glossy accents to stickers- very cool!ReplyDelete
This is such a cute project, Chari! I love how you added glossy accents to the sticker...I never would have thought of it!ReplyDelete
Sweet notebook - love the sparkle :)ReplyDelete
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text:
Chapter Writing: Organizational Culture
Pages: 16 (4810 words) · Bibliography Sources: 1 · Level: Master's · Topic: Business - Management · Buy for $19.77
Organizational Behavior
Chapter 14 focuses on leadership, in particular with reference to organizational change and other challenging leadership situations. The initial section covers more leadership theories -- authentic leadership, which focuses on positive psychology elements such as self-efficacy, optimism and resilience. Spiritual leadership is introduced, and this concept reflects on leaders who rely on religion as a guiding and influencing force in their organizations. Servant leadership is a concept where the leader seeks to provide the workers with the support that they need to do their jobs -- the leader is serving the employees, because they will be doing the heavy lifting in the organization.
Ethical leadership cuts across all leadership theories, but the important takeaway is that the leader is the ethical compass for the organization. Setting clear ethical standards, and then upholding them, is the role of an ethical leader. In smaller work groups, leadership is sometimes shared. Work teams can emphasize collaboration, or using leaders who each have a unique (and preferably complementary) leadership style. Decision-making can even be shared in nature.
The chapter also discusses the role of leadership in the global workplace. Different cultures have conceptualized leadership differently. The GLOBE is a body that identifies leadership dimensions and nine cultural dimensions (p.328), and then evaluates different countries based on these. They have identified specific societal clusters based on the leadership dimensions most in evidence. Some aspects of leadership are universal, while others are more culture-specific.
Organizational change is a significant challenge for leaders. Leaders are needed at all times for an organization -- stability, crisis, dynamic equilibrium, and "near the edge of chaos," but the ideal leadership style might be quite different for each of these. Transformational change is one of the most celebrated tasks of leadership. Often coming from the edge of chaos, where there is motivation for change, a leader can alter the resources, the communications, the culture and other aspects of an organization in order to dramatically alter its strategic approach. Sometimes this is planned, other times it is forced upon the organization, but either way a transformation leader has to be able to guide the organization through a crisis with a vision that the organization buys into. This means having change targets and strategies to reach those targets.
The chapter covers a number of different change strategies. Force-coercion "uses authority, rewards and punishments" to force the change through (p.338). This change strategy is usually something that has been planned. A good example might be when a board brings in a new CEO who is essentially a "hatchet man," cutting the workforce, restructuring and otherwise ramming home a number of other changes to force change upon the organization. Rational persuasion is a rather softer version of this, where the leader is able to explain to the organization the need for the change, and get buy-in as a critical element of the change.
Resistance to change is a common thing for leaders to have to overcome. Resistance comes from anything from rational analysis to fear of the unknown. Sometimes it is more resistance to the messenger than tot the actual message. Sometimes resistance can be overcome with education and explanation, but in other situations there may need to be some negotiation with the people who are doing the resisting . The change agent should not assume that people only resist change for irrational, emotional reasons -- it is best to listen in order to diagnose the issue.
Chapter 15 Summary
Chapter 15 discusses organizational culture and the role it plays in fostering innovation. The text defines organizational culture as "the system of shared actions, values and beliefs that develops within an organization." Culture is something that helps provide context for what the organization does, and how it does it. Culture is thus an integral part of the organization. Internally, culture is used to create a "collective identity" the same as any other cultural group would have. Within an organizational culture, there might be subcultures, especially for certain departments and work teams. There may even be countercultures, though these are often less prevalent than in society at large, because of the active role that management plays in fostering the organizational culture.
One of the interesting elements of organizational culture is where it interplays with national culture. In the globalized business, individuals can belong to many distinctive cultures, but the organizational culture provides a cultural basis for the norms of behavior in the organization, regardless of whatever external cultures there might be. A firm can value diversity while still having a common organizational culture -- indeed a firm should have a strong enough organizational culture that not too many elements of external cultures make their way into the organization.
Stepping back a bit, the book explains what culture is and what it looks like. There is observable culture, which is what we see and hear -- so anything from the way people dress to the food that they eat, would be observable, tangible elements of a culture. Then there are the beliefs systems, rituals, and stories -- the intangible elements of culture. There are also rules and roles, so all of these are elements of the culture that govern how people function within that culture, their behavioral norms, and the structures and hierarchies that exist within that society.
For an organization, it is important that the organizational culture contains all of these elements. Many companies will have outward manifestations of culture, but they will also will create organizational myths and lore that are learning moments for the people within the organization. A service-oriented organization might have myths that focus on people who went out of their way to deliver superior service, in order to pass on that value. Another organization's heroes might be innovators, in order to highlight the importance of that in the culture. Such myths not only become part of the common dialogue within the organization, but they also establish norms of behavior, hint at rewards systems.
But there are other kinds of myths as well, ones that are held to be true when they simply are not. The text sort of jumbles the idea of a myth in the OB context -- organizational myths do not need to be unproven or accepted uncritically. They just need to be established lore that promotes aspects of the organizational culture.
The second part of the chapter switches focus, towards innovation. The process of innovation is idea creation, initial experimentation, feasibility determination and final application. The first part is one of most difficult, and an area where organizational culture can play a significant role, in promoting free flowing thought. But the other areas are where innovation can be stifled in a firm, if the culture has too much bureaucracy or too much risk aversion. Innovations can be new products, new services, or new processes. A new process is "exploitation" while new products/services are "exploration."
An organizational culture can play an important role in innovation. Management needs to not only encourage creativity, in part by removing barriers to communication flows, but it also needs to create an environment where new ideas can gain traction, be tested, and brought to market. Rewards systems often play a significant role in fostering innovation.
Chapter 16 Summary
This chapter discusses organizational goals, and the role that structures and workflow play in helping the organization to meet its goals. The mission statement is often the starting point for expressing the organization's goals, because it provides an overview of what the organization hopes to accomplish by virtue of its existence. From there, leadership of the organization can operationalize the mission statement into different types and levels of individual goals -- output goals, systems goals. So what does the organization do, and what systems need to be in place to allow it to do that.
Structurally, all organizations have some sort of hierarchy. There are some very flat organizations, but even they have a little bit of hierarchy. An organizational chart is a visual aid that outlines the structure of an organization. There are both line and staff units under a traditional org chart. This way of thinking has line positions being conceptualized as direct contributors to organizational wealth, and staff positions as supporting the line positions. It should be noted that these distinctions are somewhat archaic. The span of control reflects what each unit does within the organization, and the same concept is applied to each individual supervisor as well. Control reflects getting the people within the organization to perform specific tasks. A bureaucracy is how the elements of organizing resources and tasks, and establishing controls, is done within an organization. A mechanistic bureaucracy is heavily formalized, an organic bureaucracy is a less formalized form, where members have more informal authority and are relied upon to perform bureaucratic tasks in an ad hoc manner.
Output controls are those that "focus on desired targets" -- managers find different combinations of structure, resource allocation and incentivization to direct the outputs of the organization. Usually output… [END OF PREVIEW]
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The Seven Sins in Academic Behavior in the Natural Sciences
by Wilfred F. van Gunsteren
It is worth reading slowly and in full. He highlights the negative influence of "high impact" journals and discusses many of the same issues as the recent cover story in the Economist. He has some nice examples of each of seven sins.
But, there was one paragraph that really stood out.
Administrative officials at universities and other academic institutions should refrain from issuing detailed regulations that may stifle the creativity and adventurism on which research depends. They should rather foster discussion about basic principles and appropriate behavior, and judge their staff and applicants for jobs based on their curiosity-driven urge to do research, understand, and share their knowledge rather than on superficial aspects of academic research such as counting papers or citations or considering a person's grant income or h-index or whatever ranking, which generally only reflect quantity and barely quality. If the curriculum vitae of an applicant lists the number of citations or an h-index value or the amount of grant money gathered, one should regard this as a sign of superficiality and misunderstanding of the academic research endeavor, a basic flaw in academic attitude, or at best as a sign of bad taste.Wow! This is so unlike the standard (and unquestioned) mode of operation in Australia and many other countries.
I guess ETH-Zurich [where van Guntersen just retired from] operates in a different manner. Previously, I posted about the criteria that Stanford uses for tenure. So universities that want to be "world class" might want to "follow best practise".


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Welcome back! Wanna hear some truly dope beats?
Ask the Beat Junkies: it's time for an awesome, funky percussive weird sample-esque freaky rock funk psych ethnic bizarre mix by the man J-Rocc
Check the "Funk & Rock & Soul" mix in this list. No more words needed, he plays the right stuff in the right way. Check out how he treats this Nina Simone classic.
dope mix!!
thought you knew that the nina simone is actually a cover version
Well, i didn't knew but I suspected it.
here it is, great song , both version (even if very different)
apparently was written by tina turner sister talking about ike turner
J-Rocc never fails to drop an amazing mix. This is so damn fonky!!
He is the undisputed "numero uno" in mixing funky stuff!
Check his latin side as well:
Malcom Mclaren R.I.P
giudice Santi Licheri R.I.P.
Er Coca-Cola RIP


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Descrição da vaga
- Sem Experiência
- Sem estudos
- Pretensão salarial
- Brasília
We are working with an established Broker who are looking for a Claims professional with experience gained.
In this role you will join a central claims team that work closely with various divisions including Property, Casualty, Construction and Energy.
This Senior Claims Broker position requires an individual with varied experience who is flexible and hardworking.
Responsibilities include:
- Responsible for managing and handling clients? claims from notification to settlement
- Personally negotiate and settle complex, key client or high value claims
- Process and issue payments to clients
- At least 5 years of experience working within a similar role.
- Preferred exposure to handling Energy Claims
- broker
Sobre a empresa
We provide tailored recruitment solutions and HR services within Brazil.
We work with companies helping them to find the finest candidates for their job vacancies.
CVSnap is the right place for you, whether you are looking for a job or you are an employer struggling with any recruitment needs.


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Hey lovelies,
Can you believe that the new year is just a few days away? seriously where has this year gone, haha. Me & Ally came up with an idea that it would be really nice to make up our own tag with questions about our experience blogging this year that everyone can take part in it.
1.) How many posts did you write in 2012?
I've written 166 but that'll probably change to 170 or a little less as it isn't quite the end of the year yet and I've still got some more posts lined up. I haven't even been blogging for a year yet and I think it's crazy how I've written 166 different posts. Back in school I'd never be able to write this much but I just love blogging too much, haha.
2.) What post are you most proud of?
I am really proud of pretty much every post I've written so, it was quite hard to choose as each post is quite different but I think one of my favourites definitely has to be this outfit of the day post from back in May, I think it was possibly my first ever outfit post? I just really loved it because it features one of my favourite dresses and reminds me of some good times/summer. The post got some really good feedback which was awesome too.
3.) Has blogging changed you this year?
I do think that blogging has changed me this year, I think it has really brought out my creative side and has me doing things that I would normally be too shy to do such as taking pictures for my blog while people stare at me and meeting new people such as other bloggers and becoming really good friends with them, before I'd definitely have been too shy to talk to new people. I really do think blogging has brought out a good side of me. *Not that I wasn't good before. ;)*
4.) What do you hope your blog is like in 2013?In 2013 I want my blog to be filled with loads more outfit of the day posts, as those posts are definitely one of my favourites to do. I hope it covers a really big variety of posts and that it continues to make me really proud.
P.s: Just wanted to quickly say, thanks so much to everyone from people just passing through my blog to those who have commented. Everyone has made my blogging experience so awesome so far. I can't wait to continue blogging again next year. :)
*I tag every blogger to take part in this tag.*
I don't think I'll be posting again until after the new year so I hope you all have a fantastic new year and that 2013 is a good one for you!


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The story about a 61-year-old Department of Developmental Services direct service employee who earns $151,000 overtime in addition to his $54,000 base salary implies that he works an extraordinary number of extra hours per week as he prepares for retirement [Sept. 13, Page 1, "Soaring OT At Agency Criticized"].
The overtime wage in itself is only part of the cost to the state. The state pension is based on a few years of his highest earnings. At age 61 with over 20 years of service, he could in a few years at this egregious overtime wage retire with a much enhanced pension. And the taxpayers will have larger payment to make into the pension fund.
The overtime money is far better devoted by the state to providing supports to the thousands of individuals with intellectual disabilities who remain on waiting lists until a catastrophe, such as the death of parents, occurs.
Furthermore, direct service staff workers have a difficult, demanding job. Such a grueling schedule will make it difficult for them to maintain the endurance and enthusiasm to provide the best supports at all times to residents and clients.
Quincy Abbot, West Hartford


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After plenty of planning, designing, arranging and even a little bickering (maybe a lot), we are so please to announce our NEW website! Every 5 years we get completely fed up with the design of our website and last year both Jeff and I decided to make a large change to it. We switched website providers and changed up our categories. It may have taken us around 9 months and we may have a few things to adjust and add, but we finally felt ready to announce it to you - our favourite people! We would love to hear your opinion! We do this because of all of you and take your thoughts and opinions seriously. Feel free to leave us a comment or message us privately.
We look forward to hearing from you and continuing to practice our passion!
Check out our NEW website - www.locps.com
Love, LOCPS
Left of Centre Photography Services www.locps.com firstname.lastname@example.com
Get social with us!


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Downlinerefs is a downline builder with style and one of several referral exchange programs that you can use to acquire your self referrals for your paid to click programs or any other program and/or site you need.
The site functions like traffic exchange site but in fact it is a hard core downline builder with style. Now, let us explain why downlinerefs.com is a downline builder with a style.
In order to build your downline you will need to get some credits. Credits are earned either by viewing ads, responding to sign up offers, referring active new members who will earn you credits by being active as well as commissions whenever they upgrade or buy credits and, list but not last, with buying ad credits or by upgrading your account.
One's you get your self some credits you can spend them eater by posting your link in the advertising area or by giving a certain amount of your credits to people for joining your programs using the request referral section. One of the reasons why this site resembles a traffic exchange sites is one of it's ways you get credits.
Each time you view other people's ads, you get page view for your own links. The fastest way to get credits and build your self reputation on downlinerefs.com is by responding to sign up offers that other people post. For example, one member is offering 750 credits to other members for joining NeoBux under him/her.
Of course, if you are shy, you can always view other members ads and accumulate credits (though it will take long, long time to get some that way).
Things we do like about Downlinerefs.com
- Free advertising – If you can get enough direct referrals for this program you can get quite som credits that can be used for advertising on paid to click sites of your choice
- PTC friendly – You must know that not all downline builders and traffic exchange sites are PTC friendly. Never the less, this site is so do make use of it.
- Multiple way to earn credits – This site offers few ways to earn credits.
- Earn credits by promoting – Whenever you refer new members you get credits.
- Earn over 5 levels deep – You will receive a share of what your referrals earn over 5 levels deep!
- Level 1: 10% – Level 2: 10% – Level 3: 10% – Level 4: 10% – Level 5: 10%
- Build relations – You can also build relationships with fellow members.
Downline builders like ptc business builder and easy downlines can be popular to promote here, especially considering that many people do post ptc sites, traffic exchanges, and safelists on Downline Refs.
What we do not like about Downlinerefs.com
- Low conversion rate – Like any traditional traffic exchange, expect a low conversion rate for your sites (most people will probably view your ads for the credits and that is about it). Lead Capture Pages and Splash Pages can be useful here so feel free to use them.
- Request referral – If you use the "request referral" feature, don't expect an immediate response to your offer(s) unless if you are offering lots of credits or have a premium account which will bust up a bit.
- Variety of members – Every person that responds to your offer is different, so some referrals will be more active than others.
- Slow credits accumulation – Viewing advertisements can take a while for your credits to accumulate (especially if you are only viewing advertisements) and you do need to have at least 100 or more ad credits before you can post offers. Also, ones your ad credits runs out, your ad(s) will disappear and so you will have to repost the ad(s) once you get enough credits again.
- No way to contact admin – The site has no forum and there is no way to contact administrator of the site. It is even hard to find your "Message Center" and we will give yo a little trick how to find it. Use this link to access you inbox: http://www.downlinerefs.com/referrals/acc/messages
Joining multiple programs can get overwhelming too. It is possible to join too many sites in the paid to click industry.
Each time you view ads, you get ad credits that you can use to advertise your own links. So, be sure to view ads regularly. Consider doing sign up offers periodically. They help you to build up your ad credits faster and your reputation too.
The higher your reputation level, the more likely fellow members will want to do business with you and thus fore more direct referrals for your programs. We have put a little article on how to create an" Referral Requests" on Downlinerefs.com so you can see how easy is to set and get direct referrals.
You can also upgrade your account and get bonus credits as well. Also, if you need quick credits, you can always buy some. The bad thing is that they only use Payza and we hope this will soone change. Experimenting will be your best bet for finding out which links are likely to convert better than others.


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Connaughton Leads Delegation of U.S. Maritime Officials in Tokyo
On July 24 and 25, Maritime Administrator Sean T. Connaughton led a delegation of U.S. maritime officials in meetings in Tokyo with Japanese counterparts to discuss issues of mutual interest and challenges facing the maritime industry, both around the world and in the bilateral trade. The talks reflected the major concern of both countries about the impact on the shipping sector of the rapidly expanding consumption of liquefied natural gas (LNG) around the world. With the surge of new specialized vessels to carry LNG entering service, the demand for qualified seafarers is becoming urgent. In meetings with 's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Tourism (MLIT), the two sides discussed the U.S. LNG Deepwater Ports initiative aimed at meeting demand, using the latest technologies for LNG transport and promotion of employment for trained seafarers on LNG ships. Connaughton said, "There is a robust market for skilled seafarers and an opportunity for maritime training institutions worldwide to help meet this demand."
The head of the Japanese delegation, Director General Ito of the MLIT Maritime Bureau, described 's national maritime strategy to increase the workforce of Japanese seafarers by 150 percent and to double the present size of the Japanese international shipping fleet over the next 10 years.
Other topics of discussion included port development, environmental protection, trends in the bilateral shipping trade and maritime security.
Connaughton also met with Hiroyuki Nishida, General Manager of the Ocean Policy Research Foundation, a non-governmental organization engaged in studies concerning a wide range of marine issues; Mr. Hisashi Yamamoto, Secretary of the International Association of Maritime Universities; and Yohei Sasakawa, chairman of the Nippon Foundation, 's largest charitable foundation and supporter of a number of maritime programs.


text: UTS Women's MBA Network Event Since the launch of the UTS MBA Women's Network this year we have been overwhelmed with the level of interaction and commitment in making change. But what does this change look like? We started with pledging our mandate to move beyond the equity and inclusion rhetoric to some meaningful actions. We learn best from doing and what better way to learn than from others. Our next event will be a Q&A type discussion on issues relating to career advancement. Our panel speakers will share their experiences on some of the issues facing women in leadership roles including formal and informal mentoring/mentee programs and the role of the professional coach. Panelists Verity Firth, Executive Director, Social Justice, UTS Verity has over 10 years' experience at the very highest levels of government and the not for profit sector in Australia. Over the last eight years, she has been working in the Australian education sector, first as Minister for Education and Training in New South Wales (2008-2011) and then as the Chief Executive of the Public Education Foundation. As NSW Minister for Women (2007-2009) Verity implemented sector wide strategies to improve women's recruitment, development and employment in the NSW public sector. Scott Zedack, Principal, The Entelechy Partnership Born in the USA, Scott has spent more than 25 years in Australia where his leadership, facilitation and coaching responsibilities span Asia-Pacific. Collaborating with dozens of Blue Chip companies across the region, Scott has helped to clarify strategy accelerate cultural transformation, champion diversity and inclusion programs, assess high potential leaders, embed learning and organisational development initiatives and directly enhanced C-suite leaders. Leah Callon-Butler, Founder and CEO, NEOWIP Leah is a business development specialist with an interest in social enterprise and entrepreneurship. With over 10 years experience taking new products to new markets, she cut her sales teeth with a renewable energy company at the forefront of emerging solar technologies, before a nose for opportunity lead her to Singapore to transform a small Australian Scratch 'n' Sniff printer into an international sensory advertising agency. Leah holds an MBA and a Bachelor of Arts in Communication from UTS. She is also alumni to the inaugural UTS Hatchery+ startup incubator program. Hannah Zhang, President, Women in Business Society Hannah is a final year Bachelor of Accounting student and the recipient of the Citibank Women in Banking Scholarship. She has undertaken work experience across a range of areas including insolvency and restructuring at McGrathNicol and KordaMentha and social impact at Impact Investment Group. Hannah furthered her social impact experience through 40K where she volunteered for a month in India. As President of Women in Business, she has created events that expose students to an array of successful female and male representatives from business, IT, and entrepreneurship. Moderator Dr Lan Snell, Director, Education Services, UTS Business School Dr Lan Snell is a marketing academic with 15+ years industry experience and is the Director of Education Services and MBA Director at UTS Business School. Her teaching experience comes from institutions including Macquarie University, UTS, and the University of Sydney. Prior to entering academia, Lan was the Asia Pacific Marketing Director for a global management consulting firm. Lan holds a Bachelor of Business from UTS, a Master of Educational Leadership from Macquarie University, and a PhD in Services Marketing from the University of Sydney. If you have any difficulties registering, please contact us via email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Know a fellow MBA graduate who missed their invitation? If you are in touch with any UTS graduates who might not have received an invitation, please share this invitation with them. Find out more about UTS International Alumni Reunions and other upcoming alumni events.


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Chip Childress – Director of IT, Holston Medical Group
Holston Medical Group is an established Allscripts ™ EHR (electronic health record) user that transitioned from ChannelHealth several years ago. Childress shares his thoughts on Glen Tullman's keynote speech as well as electronic medical records (EMR) implementation. Highlights of Tullman's speech included electronic medical records connectivity and upcoming challenges in the Health Information Technology (HIT) industry.
Allscripts Remote™ will soon be extended to include BlackBerry® devices, which HMG is looking forward to. In addition, through Allscripts EHR, connectivity with outside laboratories and physican practices is expected to become more streamlined with innovations such as the Allscripts CAKE Network.
Category: ACE 09, Allscripts
Date: February 28, 2009
Views:10,289 views
cURL error 6: Could not resolve host: rss.stumbleupon.com


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What are Railcards?
A Railcard enables you to obtain a reduction (usually 34%) on most tickets. A wide range of railcards are available e.g. 16 to 25 Railcard, Family and Friends Railcard and Senior Railcard. The Railcard should be shown at ticket offices when paying the fare and the Railcard must be shown along with the ticket for it to be valid. Failure to produce, when requested, the valid railcard will mean that you will be treated as having joined the train without a valid ticket and may be charged the full fare for your journey or issued with a penalty fare.
Ticket types


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Leotard Patterns
This leotard patterns collection includes dance patterns, ballet leotards, unitard patterns, gymnastics leotards and girls swimsuit patterns. All the leotard patterns come with instructions on sewing Lycra on a regular sewing machine and my easy step by step instructions will give you great results.
Learn more about sewing leotards and swimwear on my how to sew blog.
- PART 1 - How to sew leotards on a regular machine
- PART 2 - Lycra and Spandex buying guide
- PART 3 - How to make a leotard
- PART 4 - How to sew elastic in leotards
- 1 of 1
Showing items 1-37 of 37.