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Barry Jackson
Three ESPN analysts offer plan for Dolphins
Mel Kiper, for weeks, has been advocating that Miami select Western Kentucky guard Forrest Lamp at No. 22, even though there are more pressing needs on defense.
But in his latest mock draft in which Kiper says what he would do if were GM of every team, Kiper has Lamp going 16th to Baltimore and has something else in mind for Miami.
Kiper has Miami taking UF linebacker Jarrad Davis at 22, Colorado cornerback Chidobe Awuzie at 54 and USC guard Zach Banner at 97.
Kiper's take, on ESPN.com: "With Forrest Lamp and the top-four cornerbacks off the board, I'm moving on to linebacker for the Dolphins, who are set in the middle with Kiko Alonso but have questions at both outside spots. Enter Davis, whose intangibles I love. He's a reliable linebacker with a nose for the football who could play inside or outside in the NFL. He has the potential to be an every-down player.
"I like 2016 second-round pick Xavien Howard at corner, but as I've said, this is a passing league. Teams need corners. Awuzie is the best tackling corner in this draft. He tackles so well that he could play safety. Banner could be Miami's answer at guard, with Laremy Tunsil moving outside to left tackle. Banner (6-foot-8, 353 pounds) started three seasons at right tackle for the Trojans, but I don't think he has the athleticism to play outside in the NFL."
Meanwhile, ESPN's Todd McShay says Miami should take these players:
• Ohio State cornerback Garreon Conley at No. 22 and Temple guard Dion Dawkins at 54, though he also has made a case for Vanderbilt linebacker Zach Cunningham at 54.
Said McShay: "With 35-inch arms, Dawkins has the necessary length to potentially play tackle, but he lined up at guard during Senior Bowl practices, and that might end up being his best fit in the NFL."
Meanwhile, ESPN analyst and Scout Inc.'s Kevin Weidl advocates the following plan for the Dolphins:
• UF's Davis at 22 (and Davis - who is pictured above - has visited the Dolphins, according to a source):
"After ranking 30th against the run in 2016, the Dolphins obviously need help along the front seven," Weidl said. "Miami signed Lawrence Timmons to a two-year deal, which should allow Kiko Alonso to bump from the middle linebacker position to the outside, where he can utilize more of his athleticism. However, Timmons, 30, hasn't made the same impact as he did early in his career and adding Davis to eventually take over the reins wouldn't be a bad decision. Davis is an instinctive, explosive and physical defender who would make an immediate impact, particularly because of his ability to potentially line up at three linebacker spots if needed."
• Weidl encourages Miami takes Indiana guard Dan Feeney at 54. (As we wrote this week, Miami has worked him out.)
"While Laremy Tunsil is slated to bump outside at left tackle, and the Dolphins retained Jermon Bushrod on a one-year deal, there is a need to infuse young talent on the interior," Weidl said. "Feeney is a technician who plays with quality balance and his above-average feel for angles would be ideal within the Dolphins' heavy zone-blocking scheme. In addition, he has shown the ability to bump out to tackle in an emergency situation, the same spot where he lined up as a senior for the Hoosiers. Adding Feeney in the second round would make the Dolphins solid across the board up front, with Ted Larsen adding depth as a versatile reserve."
• And finally, Weidl says USC defensive tackle Stevie Tu'ikolovatu would be a smart pick at 97.
Weidl's take: "Defensive tackle Jordan Phillips has shown promise, but after losing Earl Mitchell in free agency and failing to sign one of the bigger name, free-agent DTs, Miami needs to add depth in the middle of the defense. At 6-foot-1 and 330 pounds, Tu'ikolovatu is a massive and powerful interior bully who would provide a big boost for the Dolphins' interior run defense."


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The Pennyrile Chapter of Kentucky Public Retirees will host KY Representative Myron Dossett of Hopkinsville during the Oct 22 meeting at Country Cupboard in Madisonville, KY.
Lunch is own your own at 11:30 am with the speaker at noon and the business meeting following the speaker. Representative Dossett will also speak on the legislature's plans to provide for the pension system in the budget and future legislation.
Come join in asking questions even if you are a recent retiree and have not yet joined KPR or contact President Peyton Adams, email@example.com for more information on joining KPR.

subset: commoncrawl


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News 2014
Harper College's Child Learning Center has received the Gold Circle of Quality designation from ExceleRate Illinois, the state's new quality rating and improvement system for early learning and development providers.
Harper College Associate Professor Jessica Walsh recently placed second in the 10th annual Illinois Emerging Writers Competition.
Harper is making a name for itself in one of the fashion capitals of the world. Two students were the only Americans to place in the prestigious Hand & Lock embroidery competition in London.
The organizers of Harper's Santa Claus for Paws event are making their annual call for food and items to benefit dog and cat shelters.
Harper College's Festival Chorus will take a cue from a longstanding Chicago holiday tradition and hold its second annual Sing-Along Messiah Concert.
Harper President Dr. Ken Ender joined the superintendents of Districts 211, 214 and 220 at the recent White House College Opportunity Summit.
Understanding business fundamentals is key to the success of a business. With that in mind, Harper College's Small Business Development Center is holding a series of free workshops this winter aimed at assisting both prospective and current business owners in their ventures.
The Harper Symphony Orchestra will perform several holiday classics during a family-friendly concert Dec. 14.
The One Book, One Harper community reading initiative's latest event will be a festive big band holiday performance, "A Swingin' Season with The Steve Cooper Orchestra."
The professional, student-run Studio V boutique recently opened in a newly renovated - and far more visible - space on the east side of campus. Check it out at the grand reopening celebration on Dec. 4.
Harper College has partnered with the Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center in Skokie for an annual lecture by Dr. Peter Hayes, an internationally respected expert in Holocaust history.
Frank Warren, the man behind the blog phenomenon postsecret.com, will come to Harper Dec. 4 to share stories and discuss how the anonymous postcards he posts can have tremendous healing powers.
Just in time for the holidays, Harper College student and instructor artists will showcase hundreds of original, one-of-a-kind clay pieces at the semiannual Harper Clay Guild sale.
Harper College's Ethics Bowl team placed second at the Upper Midwest Regional Championship, earning the group a berth at the national competition in California.
A new study released by the Illinois Community College Board finds that Illinois community colleges significantly contribute to the economic vitality of their regions and state.
Imagine a program that prepares you for a career in just one semester. Harper College's Public Safety Dispatcher Certificate does just that, offering students a competitive edge in a growing field.
Harper's 13th annual Latino Summit will show about 450 high school students the importance of higher education.
Two Harper College baking students are on a mission: Come up with a delectable cupcake that will garner the most votes in a head-to-head taste-off against Elgin Community College.
The Native Pride Dancers, a group that aims to educate, inspire, motivate and empower diverse communities to bridge the cultural gaps through Indigenous traditions, will visit Harper for a free performance.
Half a century after its debut on Broadway, Harper College will stage the classic musical "Fiddler on the Roof."
Baking and culinary students are earnestly whipping up to 3,000 small pastries, pies and treats in preparation for America's Baking and Sweets Show this Friday.
Harper College will observe Veterans Day by honoring those who served in the past while also exploring the challenges facing those currently returning from international conflicts.
Harper College will show a free screening of "Hail the Conquering Hero," the latest event highlighting the One Book, One Harper reading initiative.
Less than two weeks after Harper's president met in a closed-door meeting with President Barack Obama to discuss new initiatives aimed at boosting U.S. manufacturing, the College will hold a manufacturing careers information session to help usher in the next generation of skilled workers.
Harper College for Business will hold its first Value Chain Experience Breakfast on Friday, Nov. 7.
Harper's SBDC will hold a Social Media Boot Camp tailored to new and existing Northwest suburban small businesses.
The United States Tennis Association has awarded Harper a grant to help offset the cost of improving the tennis courts.
Thousands of people are expected to attend the 22nd annual DeaFest at Harper College, a celebration of deaf culture and pride.
A slate of free events will highlight International Education Week, an event designed to raise awareness of different cultures while stressing the importance of thinking globally.
Catherine Clarke, a survivor of domestic abuse and a veteran of the Women's Program at Harper, is sharing her journey with an art exhibit, "After the Jump: Healing Through Art Therapy."
Looking to get into the Halloween spirit? "Hysterics: Horror and Hysteria in Film," a one-day, non-credit class, will offer plenty of spooks.
Harper is launching a series of workshops to help prospective adult learners find their way. Learn about support services, financial aid and how to transfer prior credit.
Eight recipients will be honored at the 2014 Distinguished Alumni Awards, an annual event saluting former students for outstanding career and community achievements.
Harper College offers a Financial Boot Camp geared specifically toward local small businesses. The unique program features a series of two-hour workshops focused on all aspects of small business financial management.
Coming on the heels of the "blood moon" lunar eclipse that graced the pre-dawn sky earlier this month, another celestial event will take place during daylight hours on Oct. 23.
Homemade salamis, gourmet sausages, charcuterie plates. Harper is hopping on the culinary bandwagon with "Sausages, Pates and Cured Meats," a new hands-on class that will explore the basic production of prepared meats such as bacon, sausage and terrines.
Three innovative cartoonists with Chicago connections and visionary tendencies will highlight Harper College's latest art exhibit, "Like Comics Without Panels."
Harper College will serve as one the host sites for the ninth annual Latino Music Festival, a celebration of music from Latin America, Portugal and Spain ranging from the colonial period to the 21st century.
High school juniors and seniors - along with their parents - are invited to attend Harper's Open House from 5 to 7:30 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 9.
A community education event Wednesday, Oct. 7, marking Domestic Violence Awareness Month will explore why victims stay in abusive relationships.
During World War II, few in Oak Ridge, Tenn., knew they had been working on the Manhattan Project, the top-secret research and development program that produced the first atomic bombs. "The Girls of Atomic City" author Denise Kiernan, who draws on the voices of those women, will visit Harper on Tuesday, Oct. 7.
Harper College's Small Business Development Center in Schaumburg is one of eight in the country - and the only one in Illinois - chosen for a new federal program aimed at building relationships and increasing trade with Central and South American businesses.
Research shows students who declare a major are more likely to graduate and incur less debt. That's the idea behind Harper College's first Majors in Minutes, a speed dating-style event on Tuesday for the undecided student.
The Engineering Pathways program, which guarantees admission to the College of Engineering at the University of Illinois, program is holding a series of information sessions beginning Saturday, Sept. 27.
To better serve the changing student body, Harper recently launched the Faculty Fellows Program and welcomed its inaugural cohort. The initiative aims to have a workforce that more closely resembles the racial and ethnic makeup of the community.
"The Greatest Generation" will serve as the fourth installment of One Book, One Harper, an annual initiative that encourages the community to read the same book and take part in a variety of related academic, cultural and social activities. A big band concert will kick off this year's events.
An adjunct faculty member at Harper College has been tapped as one of "15 Noteworthy Art Professors in Chicago" by the Art Career Project.
Harper's Small Business Development Center will hold a free seminar to show businesses how to run an effective Facebook marketing campaign.
Harper College will mark this year's Banned Books Week with a series of lectures that highlight the value of free and open access to information.
Between a full class load, the cross country and track teams, volunteering and a leadership role in student government, Marisa Andreuccetti has become pretty adept at time management. So, despite her already full schedule, she didn't hesitate to step in as Harper College's new Student Trustee.
With former Cirque du Soleil electric violinist and Harper College faculty member Edgar Gabriel at the helm, StringFusion is a dynamic ensemble. The group will perform at Harper on Friday night.
One Million Degrees, which empowers low-income, highly motivated community college students to succeed in school, in work and in life, has welcomed its first class of Harper scholars.
The Illinois Small Business Development Center at Harper College has revamped its Small Business Marketing Boot Camp, a series of classes that teach key marketing fundamentals with practical applications.
One of Harper College's longest-standing traditions is Hullabaloo, an annual back-to-class expo for students. This year's event will be the biggest yet.
Associate Professor Jessica Walsh is writing a poem a day throughout September for the 30/30 Project, a poetry awareness initiative that benefits the nonprofit Tupelo Press.
Summer may be winding down, but Harper College is still offering front-row seats for some blockbuster celestial shows. Through mid-November, the College will host close-up viewings of the night sky at the Karl G. Henize Observatory.
The Harper College Board of Trustees has approved hiring Laura Brown as the College's new Chief Advancement Officer and Executive Director of the Harper College Educational Foundation. Brown most recently served as Vice President at McHenry County College.
The Harper College Theatre Department will complete its staging of playwright Alfred Uhry's "Atlanta Trilogy" with a production of the Pulitzer Prize-winning "The Last Night of Ballyhoo."
On the 50th anniversary of its first production on Broadway, Harper College will stage the classic musical "Fiddler on the Roof" this November. The winner of nine Tony Awards, "Fiddler" tells the story of Tevye, a Jewish father attempting to hold on to religious traditions while his daughters embrace change.
More than 34,000 motorcyclists were killed and an estimated 1.2 million people treated for motorcycle-related injuries between 2001 and 2008. Harper offers free motorcycle safety training to try to reduce those numbers.
Not every college student can boast he knows his way around a particle accelerator. Thanks to an internship at Fermilab in Batavia, Harper College student Eric Meyers can say exactly that.
Harper and Roosevelt University have partnered to offer students direct admission to Roosevelt's doctoral program in pharmacy, saving time and money.
The Kimball Hill Family Deaf Institute at Harper College is widely recognized as the standard in higher education. So it's fitting that the creators of "No Ordinary Hero: The SuperDeafy Movie" were on board with holding the film's Chicago-area premiere on the Palatine campus.
With the Northwest suburbs continuing to see dramatic demographic shifts, Harper College this fall will launch the English Series for Professionals, designed for professionals who want to improve their language skills to achieve success in their career and everyday life.
Students from Harper College art classes are taking their work off campus and into the Chicago art community.
Shirley Garrison carries around a thick, black notebook filled with meticulous notes. The 86-year-old history buff loves to flip through the pages, recalling the wide range of classes she's taken from a look at the first Mayor Daley to one woman's journey from her homeland to Ellis Island.
Rodney Howell knew it was time to walk the walk if he was going to pursue his goal of one day mentoring disadvantaged youth. Although he'd bring plenty of life experiences to the table - he grew up in the former Cabrini Green housing project - there wouldn't be much substance behind a plea to stay in school.
Harper College is at the heart of a new compilation of Jim Croce songs about to be released, nearly 41 years after the folk-rock singer-songwriter died in a plane crash.
Harper College Trustee Bill Kelley has taken over the reins of Illinois Community College Trustees Association (ICCTA), a statewide group that has been a vocal advocate for increasing state funding for all community colleges in Illinois.
Harper College has partnered with Eastern Illinois University to offer a Bachelor of Arts degree in General Studies.
Harper College English professor Greg Herriges never expected his band Athanor to get a record deal. When that finally happened in 2013 - forty years after recording their first collection of demos - he assumed that was as far as the band could go.
Harper College's new Learning and Career Center in Prospect Heights aims to build better lives and a stronger community by providing essential programs and services - right in your neighborhood.
The thought of going to school - on top of working and raising a child with special needs - could have prevented Katie Gockenbach from ever taking that first step toward a degree. But the single mother from Lake Zurich knew the journey would be possible given the right environment.
When Bruce Bohrer came to Harper College in 1976, the Chicago Cubs were headed to yet another forgettable, sub-.500 record.
A new Harper College program is relying on professionals to help make a difference in students' lives.
Rodney Howell knew it was time to finish school if he was going to pursue his goal of one day mentoring disadvantaged youth. "It's hard to tell people the importance of getting an education when you haven't done it yourself," Howell said. Today, the 56-year-old is on the verge of graduating with a degree in human services.
More than 115 area golfers gathered earlier this month for some friendly competition - and to make a meaningful difference in the lives of countless students.
David Rivera was a junior in high school when he dropped out of school. His wife, Iris, was just a freshman. More than 30 years later, the Hoffman Estates couple will finally don their long-awaited cap and gown at Harper College's GED graduation ceremony.
Playwright Alfred Uhry clutched the iconic gold statuette during his acceptance speech at the 1990 Academy Awards and quipped, "I guess I'm lucky that my grandmother was such a terrible driver."
Enjoy an outdoor barbeque topped off with the sounds of jazz at the 43rd annual Harper College's Dinner and Jazz Concert, an outdoor tradition featuring a buffet and a performance by the Ken Spurr Jazz Quartet.
Harper College's Fast Track program makes it possible to gain skills, earn credentials and succeed in today's competitive employment market while leading an already busy life. Prospective students are invited to an information session at 6 p.m. Tuesday, June 10, at the Harper Professional Center, 650 E. Higgins Road in Schaumburg.
Not one - but two - Harper College students have been awarded the nation's most prestigious scholarship for transferring community college students.
The Small Business Development Center's four-part Small Business Boot Camp will show entrepreneurs what they need to know to develop, implement and manage real-world social media marketing - and how to analyze and improve their results.
Harper College for Business will put on "Delegating with Purpose," the final session in its 2013-2014 Leadership Seminars series on topics ranging from coaching others for peak performance to dealing with difficult people.
Area residents are invited to tee off in the name of student success at the Harper College Educational Foundation's 26th Annual Golf Open, which raises critical funding for scholarships and programming campus-wide.
Fashion lies in being bold. That's the theme Harper College's Fashion Design students are embracing for this year's Fashion Show, "Fearless."
Explore the wonders of the universe at Harper College's annual Astronomy Day, a celebration of astronomy sponsored by the Physical Science Department and Northwest Suburban Astronomers.
Enjoy the swinging big band sound of the Harper College Jazz Lab Band at a concert at 7:30 p.m. Wednesday, May 14, at the Performing Arts Center on the College's main campus, 1200 W. Algonquin Road in Palatine.
Since prepping for finals can be pressure-packed, Harper College will create a stress-free zone on Wednesday, May 7, to ensure students get into a healthy mindset.
Liz Franke credits an ultrasound technician with saving her son's life. She was just 20 weeks pregnant with Julien when the technician discovered he had a kidney disorder known as ureterocele. Had it not been for the ultrasound, Julien would have been at home when his oxygen levels dropped to dangerously low levels at 3 days old.
Imagine speed dating, but for social service organizations. It's an idea that Nancy McDonald, Information Specialist at the Rita and John Canning Women's Program at Harper College, came up with after spending countless hours meeting separately with dozens of area providers.
Any and all creative thinkers are welcome to the Harper College Graphic Arts Design Club's first Creative Conference from 4 to 6:30 p.m. in the Avanté Center, Room Z105, on the College's main campus, 1200 W. Algonquin Road in Palatine.
Coco Chanel introduced the little black dress as an essential staple of every woman's wardrobe back in the 1920s. Nearly a century later, students newest to Harper College's Fashion Design program will enter their designs into a little black dress and Chanel-inspired jacket competition.
Jeff Hedberg & C11 will offer a taste of music originally recorded in the '50s and '60s by Mel Tormé and Art Pepper at Harper College's fifth annual Jazz Festival.
More than 600 people from as far as St. Louis and Iowa are expected to attend the Harper College Deaf Institute's 10th annual Coed Volleyball Tournament.
Harper College students looking to improve their golf games will get a crash course from an expert on Wednesday, April 23.
Colin Weber is no stranger to leadership positions - both in the academic and athletic arenas. Now, the Wheeling resident will represent his peers in the board room as Harper College's new Student Trustee.
Harper College is accepting nominations for its 2014 Distinguished Alumni Awards, an annual honor saluting former students for outstanding career and community achievements.
Dozens of demonstrations and hands-on activities will be available at this year's College and Career Expo, put on by Harper College to inspire area students and their parents to prepare earlier for higher education.
Don't underestimate the importance of knowing which fork to use for the salad course. How you conduct yourself at the table can impact business relationships and your credibility, according to career experts.


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UFOrbits UFO FL-5 LED Light Orbit Casing
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Product Details
Changing the fabric of Gloving and light shows has been the goal of Futuristic Lights since we released the first motion-reactive light glove the Kinetic. Now we're taking those same Kinetic and Aether LED Light Gloves we've developed and packing them into the greatest LED Orbit of all time, the UFOrbits FL-5. This 5 light orbit will fit both the Aether and Kinetic, but this kit will ship with Aether lights. It is recommended to use the Kinetic lights to help illuminate handles. There's been the Orbitlightshow Galaxy orbit, the Emazinglights Zero LED Orbit, but none with the powerful combination of the Aether Chip to Chip technology for instant mode transfers, and countless dynamic modes. You will have endless hours of fun while you surround yourself with trails. Create your own galaxy with this unique LED Orbit!
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Package Includes: Front Casing, Back Casing, 2x UFOrbits Screws, 2x UFOrbits Tools, Main String (Rainbow), Backup String (Black)


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What the facts and figures suggest about the scope of Social Media in 2016?
With the number of active social media users worldwide reached the 2 billion mark, businesses have been
engaged in exploring the benefits they can gain from these users. The numbers are growing at a whopping
rate of 25% every year shows that more and new avenues are going to come into light. Another statistical record
shows that nine out of ten companies in the U.S. are now active on the social media where they are engaging
themselves in marketing more effectively on the digital platforms. The percentage of people, saying social media has impacted their sale(amplification), is more than half of the total lot.
All these are the facts and figures that will shape the trend of social media in 2016, hence you too will have to
change your approach. Let us look at some more trend setting facts.
Socially active Employees
You may have to quit blocking sites like Facebook, and Twitter from the office server. Your employees are going to
bean asset for the coming years even if they are using social media all the time.
It is true.
Companies have already begun asking their employees to post facebook updates and tweet from their own
account, about the company's activities, projects, future plans and position in the market. According to the stats
available, 80% of the business now maintain a dedicated team for the social media optimization.
Also, the trend of encouraging the employees to post these updates on their their account has seen a rise of 191%,
since the year 2013, which is enough to explain the significance of this trends.
The Social Message
Brace yourselves for the next fact. 4 billion, your read that right, 4 billion is the number of users, that are
active on the messaging apps like Whatsapp, Facebook messenger, Wechat and Kik. A more important fact is,
the top five applications all around the world are for messaging. Believe it or not, users open these
apps more than they open facebook and instagram accounts. Though messaging remains largely a part of
the personal life of the users, and so referred as dark social. Presently, the content shared in the social
messaging apps is a mystery and there are no indications that provide an idea of how this content affects the
traffic on the internet and rate of conversion. Speculations exist, but there is no clear picture of the potential
that social messaging holds.
Thus 2016, is going to be an year where the existing facts and figures will change. The change will be on the
positive side asd there will be more exploration of the approach towards the social media optimization.


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It's always a surprise when we get an inquiry for a proposal and we absolutely love doing them. We don't always promote them, but we love them for the authentic emotions each one brings.
When Andrew called us and let his know his plan, we couldn't happier for him and his soon-to-be fiance, Katelyn. They were actually visiting from the New York area and since they were out in Malibu Andrew wanted to pop the question in one of the most beautiful places in Southern California. We couldn't blame him and we absolutely loved his ideas.
As a photographer, it's always hard to know when the question will be asked. We know how nervous the guy usually is and we're so anxious to see their reaction so we're patiently hiding and to be honest it feels a bit "stalker-ish". I mean we're running around, hiding behind rocks, bushes, etc trying not to blow our cover, yet be ready for "that moment".
When Andrew texted me that they arrived, we waited for them to come down to the beach and since Katelyn had no idea who we were we still wanted to keep a safe distance so we didn't blow Andrew's plans.
After about what felt like 20 minutes of running around the beach, quietly following them from a reasonable distance, we say Andrew get down on one knee and Katelyn's emotions broke through. She was so ecstatic and we couldn't be more happier for them!
Andrew definitely knew how much his girl loves the beach and he picked the perfect spot to propose. We were so glad to be a part of their story so far and here are a few images to show how it went down. Simple, yet perfect.
Have a wonderful day and enjoy their surprise proposal!


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88pc of smartphone shoppers have negative experiences: report
A key finding is that 33 percent of mobile shoppers defect to a competitor after a negative user experience, suggesting that merchants need to put a bigger focus on delivering strong mobile shopping experiences. Another important finding is that 30 percent of smartphone shoppers say they will never return after having a negative user experience.
"Many retailers still think that mobile isn't working –and as such aren't investing in it – but the reality is that their mobile website is just hard to use from a consumer perspective," said Danielle McCormick, senior director of marketing at Skava, San Francisco.
"Your conversion rate is a reflection of how easy your website is to use and how users are enjoying the experience – and retailer's conversion on mobile varies drastically," she said. "When top retailers are selling such huge amounts of products online, the difference between a 0.2 percent and a 1.8 percent conversion rate can hit the 10s to100s of millions of dollars, so the investment made to create an optimal user experience – which is proven to increase conversion rate – is money well spent.
"Amazon did $4 billion in sales in mobile last year – if you do it right the customers will buy! If you don't do it right – they will go to a competitor and you could lose market share in this new frontier."
Mobile optimized navigation
As mobile traffic continues to grow – it is around 13 percent for many retailers, according to Skava – more and more merchants are coming out with mobile shopping experiences. However, many of these were created as a knee-jerk reaction and have high bounce rates and low conversion rates because the experiences are not strong.
When retailers put in the effort to create experiences that are easy to use and take into consideration the unique attributes of mobile devices, they are able to achieve significant conversion rates, per Skava.
For those retailers who are investing in mobile shopping experiences, many are still challenged with getting it right as screen sizes are so much smaller in mobile and users are often on the go.
Skava recommends retailers create a unique, mobile optimized navigation to navigate a customer to their desired product as quickly as possible, have product pages that the consumer feels confident buying from and ensure that check out is quick and easy.
Pain points
The Skava Consumer Mobile Shopping Survey found that 71 percent of smartphone owners shop using their mobile device.
Users pointed to several pain points when shopping on mobile, including 51 percent who said retailers' Web sites are harder to navigate and use on a mobile device than on a desktop. Additionally, 46 percent said product images are too small to make a buying decision, 41 percent had concerns over security on their smartphone and 26 percent said the checkout process is a pain.
One interesting finding was that some shoppers believe that products are more expensive on a mobile Web site.
Other key findings include that 29 percent of smartphone owners said it would be 6 months or more before they give a retailer's mobile Web site a second chance after having a negative experience while and 36 percent would abandon the purchase altogether.
"We assumed that the need for filling in credit card and billing details would be the main reason people don't like shopping on mobile – however, what was surprising was that this wasn't the main reason people didn't shop on mobile – it was because they found the retailer's websites hard to use," Ms. McCormick said.
"And this is the problem when going with a template based approach," she said. "Mobile needs its own unique layout and design to be easy to use from a
user perspective."
Final Take
Chantal Tode is associate editor on Mobile Commerce Daily, New York


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by cheri block
This winter I have made so much chicken noodle soup that local chicken farmers have been asking for my endorsement.
Driving down to the Central Coast of California, I speed through the rich farmlands of Steinbeck country. Along Highway 101, celery farmers have bought advertising space on large bill boards that proudly announces: "Cheri buys our celery!"
Same for the onion folks, the carrot people, and….those who manufacture glass jars. They all want my business.
I've never told you this before, but I love to make chicken noodle soup. In fact, a large pot of broth simmers as I write.
Some of you might say it's… well… a genetic thing. Others of you might speculate that since I live with a man who eats ice cream every night before bed, I'm a health crusader.
A few of you who are sequestered in Carmelite or Orthodox monasteries might nod, "She has taken that Zen thing too seriously and is practicing charity."
The medicinal value of chicken noodle soup is well documented. From rudimentary pictures (chicken scratchings, really) of chickens found on clay tablets in the Levant (1800 BCE) to the steaming tureens etched in cave paintings in Jerusalem (500 BCE), chicken soup has historic provenance, staving off colds and influenza, plague and famine, boredom and cynicism. Rumor has it that all of William the Conqueror's steeds, carried across the English Channel, had water bags filled with chicken soup, not English tea. *
The best recipe for chicken noodle soup comes generously from my friend Mike, who writes,
"This is an old family recipe and tradition from my mother. I am pretty sure it was never before written down as my mother considered it to be too simple to require a script. My family of four frequently made this together as the children were able to participate in the noodle making since about age two and loved consuming the result. It was a great way to introduce them to the kitchen. The aroma filled the house and leftovers never lasted long."
Mike's Chicken Noodle Soup Recipe
1 chicken, whole
1 stalk celery, cut into 3 pieces
1 carrot, peeled, cut into 3 pieces
1 onion, peeled, quartered
10 peppercorns
handful of parsley stems (optional)
1 tsp. salt
Remove giblets from the chicken (cook separately for a snack).Wash chicken thoroughly and put it in a large pot with water to almost cover. Add the rest of the ingredients. Heat to boiling. Reduce heat and simmer covered for 1 hour. Remove from heat, strain broth. Remove the meat from the bones and set aside. Discard the skin, return the bones to the pot with the broth and continue to simmer, for another hour at least. If you don't do this, the broth will be much less rich tasting. (This, Cheri observes, may be the crucial part of the recipe.)
Eat the carrot ( I always save it for Lisa, Mike writes)
Strain the finished broth, clean the pot, and return the broth to the pot. Skim surface fat. Bring the broth to a boil. While it is heating, add 4 to 6 carrots and 3 to 4 stalks of celery, chopped into bite-sized pieces. Once boil is reached, turn down the heat to just simmer. Periodically skim foam from edges.
In a bowl, beat 3 eggs with a fork, add a little salt and a teaspoon or 2 of water. Mix in flour until you can handle the dough and then cut into 4 equal size pieces. Roll dough very thin on a floured board, using flour to prevent the dough from sticking. Roll up the thinned dough and cut the noodles very thin ( a butcher knife works well). Immediately separate the noodles and transfer to a plate (spread them out so they don't wind up stuck together).
Cut or tear the reserved chicken meat into bite-sized pieces and add it to the pot. Add salt and pepper to taste. Bring the soup to a boil and gradually add noodles, stirring frequently. Simmer for 10 minutes. Taste again and adjust seasonings if necessary. Serve.
* * * * *
If you don't want to make homemade noodles, buy the little egg noodles or the bow-tie noodles. That's what I do.
Lastly, share the soup. Make enough to bring to three older people (like Judge Blah), who need the sustenance.
Let me know if you try it and I will pass your thoughts on to Mike.
* This entire paragraph is bogus.


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Drumroll, please............ BOX Naturals have landed in Hartland, Wisconsin! You can find us in the lovely Waxing Girl. Get to know more about this waxing boutique, straight from the founder, herself. We "sat down" (meaning we had an email conversation) with Pamela Reinemann to find out everything you need to know.
Q: How did you come up with the (distinctive and adorable!) concept of Waxing Girl?
A: Thanks! The look and concept of Waxing Girl was a very easy concept for me. I absolutely love everything vintage and having met my husband, a huge world war II buff, the concept of using a pin up girl was easy to put together. Their look for me is so simple and demure and beautiful and I think represents how beautiful we all want to feel.
Q: So… you wax men. We gotta know - who handles the pain better? We're thinking it's the gender that doesn't have to deal with childbirth. Are we right?
A: Tough question, on both men and women there are spots while waxing that are more sensitive. I can honestly say we are similar.
Q: Now that it's winter, what do you say to women who let waxing fall by the wayside? Any words of motivation to keep on waxing on?
A: Oh yes, In my eyes there is no time to let lady bits go unattended, think of it this way, you wouldn't want someone to walk into your house when it's unkept, you never know when company is coming so upkeep is so much easier than the panic of being caught off guard. For all women I think it's like wearing a pretty pair of underwear, it just makes you feel pretty.
And the simple fact that when you maintain your wax the pain is nearly eliminated and the hair much diminished, because regular waxing slows and weakens the hair growth process making it much easier to pull out. My motivation: no matter whom you are, your shape or size, man or woman, smooth skin is sexy.
Q: What's the difference between soft and hard waxes? We noticed that you offer both.
A: I offer a variety of waxes to be able to work with all skin types and hair types: Hard wax I use for smaller areas where the skin might be sensitive, such as face and in some instances inner bikini. Soft wax or strip wax is great for a quicker service and for areas where you need flexibility. I use soft wax on large body parts and for some Brazilian waxing as for me it allows me to move quickly with more detail. It is important to have a variety of waxes to be able to work with different skin and hair types. I always choose the right wax based on the client's needs.
Q: What's the number one reason why we shouldn't wax ourselves at home?
A: Gosh, I can think of A LOT but my number one reason? Ripped skin, bruises and the uncertainty that some wax kits carry waxes that may not be appropriate for all areas of your body.
Q: You are clearly an awesome entrepreneur. Tell us a little about yourself!
A: Thanks, I think I am just someone that is willing to try (even if I fail) to make a better life for myself & family. I would consider myself an introvert and as such, I am constantly thinking of things to do and improve about myself and my business. I have always been creative, so I started as a cosmetologist doing hair, but quickly found that for me it was too much talking, so I moved to esthetics because it allowed me to focus more on one person and one thing, in one room. I honed that into just waxing when I realized I was the girl teaching all the staff how to wax, and clients were requesting me for just waxing.
At heart I am a bit of a free spirit, but I feel like a wear a conservative exterior.
Q: A lot of women are nervous about their first visit to get a wax. What advice do you have for them, and how should they prepare for their visit?
A: I can completely relate to the feeling of being a first time waxing client. My best advice, visit the place you want to get waxed and a try and meet the esthetician to make sure you two are a personality match and that her skills are impeccable. I know that is harder than it sounds, but for me I think it makes a huge difference. She sees as much of you as your doctor does and If you connect with her you will relax more, be more honest about your needs, and trust her more. I am a huge supporter of small business or single esthetic studios and I would recommend that if you are on the hunt for a new esthetician seek them out first. Why? Because these women probably have already worked for larger establishment and fine-tuned their skills and will treat you like gold because they KNOW you are what keeps them in business.
Q: What should they look for in a waxer?
A: In my opinion the best waxers are confident in their skills, have had multiple years of WAXING experience, are impeccable in their cleanliness and professionalism. If you are able to meet or talk with your potential esthetician, ask them how long they have been waxing? (you want to look for a year or more) ON average how many Brazilian waxes do they do a DAY? (you are looking for someone who does on a minimum 3-5 a day) What kind of wax do they use ( you want someone who responds by saying they have a variety of waxes and will choose the right one for you) ( avoid the esthetician who only uses One kind of wax, this can be a sign they are not familiar with what is out there or are uncertain that some waxes are not correct for certain skin types)
Q: What's the most popular style for summer, vs. winter?
A: I love this question, there are popular styles and for summer I do see a lot of full Brazilians, and in winter it does change and often times people go to a modified Brazilian by leaving some hair on the top, or go to a regular bikini wax.
Q: What's the most interesting style request you've ever gotten?
A: Initials of their partner. Sometimes I can do this sometimes I can't depends on how thick the hair is? I have also had clients request dying their pubic hair certain colors, for example red white and blue for July 4th.
Q: What are your thoughts on vajazzling, vajacials and similar services?
A: I think they vajazzling is cute and If the client wants one I'm all for what makes them smile. I can see the benefit of a Vajacials and of course I am in total support of what makes a woman feel beautiful.
Q: How often do you recommend a wax? And what about upkeep in between? (Is shaving in between waxes off limits?)
A: I recommend waxing every 4 weeks and avoid shaving in between. Shaving only stimulates the hair growth and grows the hair back stronger and more deeply rooted, which makes your next wax FEEL like your first wax all over again. Upkeep in between?, embrace the slight fur in between waxes as par for the course and relax about it.
Q: If there was one thing you wish you customers could know, or would do before an appointment, what would it be?
A: The few things I wish clients would know is that the for me, the longer the hair prior to waxing the better the waxing service. If you think your hair is too long ( 70's bush) so what , come on in, if it's too long I'll trim it and we can go from there, still the longer the better… on all areas of the body.
I also wish that clients that are waxing for an event (and not regular waxers) would know to come in at least 3 time PRIOR to your event so that the service just before your occasion is perfect. If your first time wax is days prior to your special event, you run the risk of being overly sensitive on that occasion, and because you are being waxed while most likely stressed out, nervous or scared, you could run into a bikini break out…which happens occasionally on first time waxes. Probably NOT the vision you had in mind for your special day.
Q: What's the motto of your salon?
A: Be humble, deliver incredible service, and listen well.


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The Icon laser platform has many features and functions. From scarring to rosacea to sun damage, a fully customized treatment plan is available.
The ICON laser treatment can improve the way your skin looks and feels! Treatment time can be as short as 30 minutes, depending on the area treated and it is non-invasive.
Skin resurfacing with the ICON can improve the appearance of multiple skin flaws and blemishes:
- Age spots
- Skin tone and texture
- Sun damage
- Wrinkles
- Stretch marks
- Acne Scars
- Surgical Scars
The ICON laser uses energy microbeams to create areas of affected tissue that extend through the epidermis into the dermis. The body's natural healing process creates new, healthy tissue to replace the areas of affected tissue, resulting in healthier, younger-looking skin.
ICON fractional laser achieves excellent skin resurfacing results. It uses laser energy microbeams to create areas of affected tissue that extend through the epidermis into the dermis. The body's natural healing process creates new, healthy tissue to replace the areas of affected tissue, resulting in healthier, younger-looking skin.
The ICON works on all skin types, including very light and very dark skin. It boasts flexible treatment of numerous conditions. Most sessions last for no longer than an hour. You can decide whether to treat multiple skin complaints at once, or over successive treatments.
The ICON can reduce the appearance of lines and wrinkles in just one treatment. Ablative fractional laser technology delivers energy deep into the skin, which stimulates the regeneration of new skin.
This treatment method boasts recovery times of as little as four days, without the side effects associated with invasive surgery. ICON laser wrinkle treatment is preferred by patients who do not wish to opt for unnatural facial changes. The ICON is a non-invasive treatment option that transforms you into a younger-looking version of yourself.
Stretch marks are a common problem for many women. When areas of skin stretch considerably over a short period of time, such as during pregnancy, noticeable lines appear on the skin surface.
Using the ICON system, the appearance of stretch marks can now be improved.
ICON uses fractional laser technology to deliver pulsed energy to the skin. This targets stretch mark discoloration and stimulate the production of new collagen to improve smoothness.
Typically, patients require between three and five treatments to restore skin smoothness and consistency. The procedure is very quick – each treatment can be performed in as little as 30 minutes – and there is little to no downtime.
The ICON fractional laser system is a fast, simple and effective treatment option for scar removal. Developed by the world leaders in fractional laser technology for scar treatment, the technology boasts minimal downtime and can be used for any skin type.
The procedure involves the use of fractional laser light, which breaks down scar tissue and triggers the production of new tissue.
Fractional laser scar treatment is the suitable and effective alternative to surgery for acne scars and surgical scars. It also boasts remarkable results on any skin type, including very light and
very dark skin.


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Capacitor-based gas detection in an intravenous fluid delivery system
An air or gas bubble detection system detects the presence of liquid in intravenous (IV) tubing. By detecting the presence of liquid rather than gas, false alarms due to micro bubbles or small air gaps between the sensor and the tubing are avoided.
Latest Enginivity, LLC Patents:
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/575,246, filed May 28, 2004, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/576,258, filed Jun. 2, 2004, the disclosures of both of which are incorporated by reference herein.
This application is related to commonly owned U.S. patent applications entitled Flow Control in an Intravenous Fluid Delivery System, filed concurrently herewith, and Gas Removal in an Intravenous Fluid Delivery System, filed concurrently herewith.STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Devices to deliver fluids intravenously to a patient involve a number of considerations, such as air or gas bubble detection, gas removal, and flow rate control.
Air and bubble detection in medical intravenous (IV) fluid delivery systems is important. Large amounts of air can cause air embolisms in any part of the body, blocking off blood flow. Embolisms in the brain can cause severe memory loss and even death. Air trapped in the heart can also cause death or heart damage. Ultrasonic, optical, and electrical conductivity methods are used in the prior art detection of air bubbles in medical IV fluid lines.
Ultrasonic detectors are the most widely used detectors in the IV medical fluid delivery field and are based on the fact that sound is more readily conductive through liquid than through air. Thus, an air bubble does not "conduct" sound from one side of the tubing wall to the other, while fluid does conduct sound. Ultrasonic detectors are effective at detecting small amounts of gas in IV tubing, but have a number of drawbacks. They are expensive. They require that the tubing be in direct contact with the ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. Moreover, the slightest air gap can trigger the detector, causing a false alarm. Micro bubbles that build up on the surface of the tubing and are too small to be harmful also can trigger false alarms, since the micro bubbles, despite their very small size, still provide a boundary to the ultrasound. In addition, ultrasonic detectors have a fairly high power consumption, greater than 100 mW.
Optical detectors are typically inexpensive. Some optical detectors work using light absorption while others use light transmission. These methods are, however, fluid dependent and therefore not very common, because many different fluids are used for IVs. Also, their performance is dependent on the optical characteristics of the tubing, and many different tubing sets, having different optical characteristics, can be used. Additionally, optical detectors can be subject to interference from light from other sources.
Electrical conductivity detectors are used the least, as they require a direct electrical connection to the IV fluid. To electrically isolate the patient, this connection must have low leakage current and high dielectric strength. Typically, two or three electrodes are placed in contact with the fluid and are excited from an AC or DC source while the current/voltage is monitored. Gas bubbles do not conduct electricity, but many IV fluids do. A drawback, however, is that some IV fluids do not conduct electricity. Another drawback is that a thin film of fluid connecting one electrode to the other where the electrode penetrates the tubing wall can give a false detection of fluid presence.
When a fluid is heated, outgassing occurs. In prior art IV fluid warming devices, outgassing has either been ignored or handled with elaborate schemes. In one scheme, a hydrophobic filter has been employed to vent gases. This system is disadvantageous, because it is difficult and expensive to test to ensure that the filter does not leak. Also, the check valve used to prevent air from entering the system can stick, for example, if the humidity becomes too high or if another fluid inadvertently drips onto the valve, thereby requiring a greater pressure to open the valve. In another scheme, a drip chamber is used to collect the gases. This scheme is disadvantageous, because the chamber has a fixed volume and once full, the air can enter the patient unless a manually operated venting drip chamber is employed. A user must remember to vent such a venting drip chamber.
Intravenous (IV) fluids need to be delivered at different rates. Hydration fluids typically are delivered at higher rates, while drugs are typically delivered at lower rates. Flow rate control in medical IV fluid devices involves considerations of flow rate accuracy, errors made by personnel in setting flow rates, cost, and set up time. Three main types of devices are used in the control of IV fluid flow rates, namely, roller clamps, volumetric pumps, either volume displacement pumps or valve-regulated gravity assist pumps, and in line mechanical flow regulators.
Roller clamps are the most widely used flow control device. The roller clamp comprises a wheel trapped within a housing that compresses the IV tubing as it is slid along a gradual ramp. The flow rate is calculated by counting drips in a drip chamber. This device is inexpensive, but has a number of drawbacks. The setup operator must take time to count drips into the drip chamber, an iterative process taking up to 15 seconds for each adjustment. Also, the setup operator must know the size of the drips and must calculate the flow rate and may make a mistake. Even after it is set up, the IV tubing in the clamp continues to deform over time, causing the rate to change. The IV solution must be held above the patient insertion site. Any changes in height can affect the flow rate, because the roller clamp is a relative device. The advantages of the roller clamp are that it does not require any power, it is widely accepted, and it is inexpensive.
Volumetric pumps are also widely used for drug delivery. There are two main types of infusion rate control. In a first type of control, a displacement pump forces fluid through the IV line at repeatable volumes and adjustable intervals. These pumps can be reciprocating piston, peristaltic (linear or rotary), or syringe types. These pumps are typically quite precise, as required for drug delivery, and are not typically used for standard IVs. A second type of infusion rate control utilizes gravity driven fluid. With this type, drips through a drip chamber are counted, and a variable orifice valve is controlled based upon the number of drips over time.
A disadvantage of such pumps is their great expense. Also, the tubing set is typically disposable, which further increases the cost. These pumps also take up a lot of space. The main advantages of such pumps are accurate flow control, no change in flow with change in bag height, reduced setup time, and reduced chance of error by the operator.
In line mechanical flow regulators, using diaphragms, needles valves, and the like, are not very common. They are advantageous in that they require no power and are reasonably independent of IV fluid bag height. They are, however, dependent on fluid viscosity. Also, they typically have two flow rate scales (ml/min and ml/hour), which, while providing versatility, can also be confused by operating personnel.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention, an air or gas bubble detection system is provided that detects the presence or absence of liquid in intravenous (IV) tubing. By detecting the presence of liquid rather than gas, false alarms due to micro bubbles or small air gaps between the sensor and the tubing are avoided. This system is independent of fluid type. Additionally, high electrical isolation is maintained and leakage currents are acceptably low. Also, power consumption is low with the present system.
More particularly, the air or gas bubble detection system employs a circuit that transfers a charge to a sense electrode adjacent the IV tubing and to a reference capacitor. Two grounded electrodes are spaced on the sides of the sense electrode. The three electrodes are aligned parallel with the length of the IV tubing. The tubing and any fluid (liquid or gas) therein act as dielectrics. A grounded shield electrode shapes the electric field toward the tubing and prevents outside fields from interfering with the sensing process. The circuit detects the amount of charge transferred to the reference capacitor, which is indicative of the type of material present. The presence of a liquid produces a high number, whereas the absence of a liquid produces a low number. By comparing the produced number with a limit, the controller determines if an alarm condition is met.
In another aspect of the present invention, an active gas removal system is provided to remove air or gas bubbles from an intravenous fluid prior to infusion into the patient. The gas removal system employs a drip chamber through which intravenous fluid is pumped by an upstream pump. The IV fluid exits the chamber through an outlet in the bottom, while gas or air is retained in the upper portion of the chamber. A vent valve at the top of the drip chamber is operative to open upon an increase of gas pressure within the drip chamber to vent the gas in the chamber. A controller is provided in communication with a fluid level sensor in the drip chamber and with a downstream patient line-occluding valve. The controller is operative to close the downstream valve upon detection of a specified fluid level in the drip chamber detected by the fluid level sensor, whereby a pressure increase in the drip chamber caused by continued operation of the upstream pump opens the vent valve and releases gas retained within the drip chamber.
A further aspect of the present invention relates to an intravenous (IV) flow control system that employs tubing orifice size data and thermal data from a fluid warming system to provide closed loop control to maintain a desired flow rate. The actual flow rate is determined by two techniques, a geometrically based technique that uses geometric parameters of the IV tubing system, and a thermally based technique that uses the power input to an IV fluid warmer and the temperature of the IV fluid entering and exiting the warmer.
The system employs a pincer or other moveable element positioned to compress the tubing, forming an orifice at which flow can be controlled. The geometry of the tubing at the orifice can be determined by a force transducer, the data from which is fed to a system controller that calculates flow rate based on orifice geometry data. The thermal data from the fluid warmer is also fed to the controller, which calculates flow rate from this data also. Based on the combined calculations of the orifice geometry and the thermal transfer data, the pincer is controlled to adjust the flow at the orifice to maintain the desired flow rate.
The system is advantageous, because it can utilize a standard hospital IV set and standard hospital procedure. It can adapt to real time changes in the tubing, and it can handle both standard IV fluids and blood. The system utilizes two independent control loops to calculate and control flow rate, and can switch to one or the other control loop to suit circumstances. For example, at higher flow rates, the thermally based control loop is usually preferred. The system can also be operated to allow infusion of a bolus of fluid to the patient.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Gas Bubble Detection System
The present invention relates in one aspect to an air or gas bubble detection system for use with an intravenous (IV) fluid infusion system. The system of the present invention detects the presence or absence of liquid in the IV tubing, not the presence of gas. If the system detects that liquid is not present, then gas must be present in the tubing. With this system, false alarms due to detection of micro bubbles or small air gaps between the sensor and the tubing are avoided.
More particularly, all materials have a physical dielectric constant. Gasses have a very low dielectric constant, plastics have a medium dielectric constant, and liquids have a very high dielectric constant. The present system utilizes electrodes to act as capacitor plates and the adjacent materials (the tubing and any fluid therein) as dielectrics. The detected charge on a reference capacitor is indicative of the type of material present.
Referring to
Referring also to
The tubing must be held in contact with the three electrodes. Toward this end, the channel may be sized to provide a snug fit for the tubing, or the holding member may be configured to apply a clamping force to the tubing portion, such as with a movable element or piston, to ensure the tubing portion is retained in the body. The holding member may include pads 24 (
The two outer electrodes 34, 36 are grounded. The middle sense or charge transfer electrode 32 is used to transfer a charge of electrons to its surroundings. Two air gaps or spaces 42 are formed in the support member on each side of the sense electrode 32 to limit coupling fields from the sense electrode to the ground electrodes. The electrodes are arranged in such a way that the electric field is focused toward and over a short section of the IV tubing. The ground electrodes 34, 36 at opposite ends of the detector establish the length of tubing being tested, that is, the length of the sense electrode 32 along the tubing plus the air gaps 42. As noted above, the electrodes act as capacitor plates and the adjacent materials (the tubing and any fluid therein) act as dielectrics. A fourth shield electrode 44 is provided around the support member 14 of the body. The shield electrode is grounded and shapes or directs the electric field toward the tubing. The shield electrode also keeps extraneous outside fields from interfering with the sensing process.
Referring to
The digitized signal returned to the controller is a ratio of the reference capacitor to the "load capacitance," i.e., the tubing, surrounding plastic, and any fluid (gas or liquid) present in the tubing. The presence of a liquid produces a high number, while the absence of a liquid produces a low number. The controller compares the numbers to limits and determines if an alarm condition is met.
A suitable charge transfer device 64 to be utilized as a capacitance-to-digital converter is the integrated circuit (IC) identified by model QT300, available from Quantum Research Group. The reference capacitor 66 can be any suitable type, such as a plastic film or ceramic capacitor. A bypass capacitor 68 is placed between Vdd and ground for proper operation of the power supply.
The system can be configured so that the operator, such as a physician, can set the bubble size or volume limit. For example, a lesser limit can be set if the patient is a child, and a greater limit can be set if the patient is an adult. For example, a gas volume of 0.5 ml or less may be acceptable in a particular situation. Thus, the system can be set so that only a detected gas volume larger than 0.5 ml triggers an alarm.
Preferably, when an alarm is triggered indicating detection of an air bubble, the IV flow is stopped in any suitable manner. For example, the system can be configured such that the tubing is compressed to occlude completely if the alarm is triggered, preventing further infusion to the patient until the system can be checked by an operator. The system can be used in conjunction with any valve to occlude the tubing. For example, the valve could be located at a pump, at a fluid warmer, or at a gas removal system. The system can be used in conjunction with the IV flow control system of the present invention, described below.
With the present system, the charge transfer method is independent of fluid type. Air gaps do not cause false alarms. Fluid films in the tubing do not cause false alarms. High electrical isolation is maintained. Very low leakage currents are present. Power consumption is very low.
The controller 62 can control the frequency of the burst of electrons to the sense electrode 32 by the charge transfer device 64. Burst control allows for gas volume measurement when the IV flow rate is known. Thus, if the flow rate were low, bursts can be less frequent to detect a particular volume of air than if the flow rate were higher. Similarly, different tubing geometries allow for different size bubbles or volumes to be detected. Thus, if the tubing has a larger diameter, the burst rate can be more frequent to detect the same volume of air than if the tubing had a smaller diameter. The fluid flow rate through the tubing may be known or can be determined in any suitable manner, for example, from a flow rate controller such as that described below. The bubble detection system may be employed with the flow control system described below, or with any other suitable flow control system known in the art.
Gas Removal System
The present invention also provides an active air or gas removal system, illustrated in
The IV fluid collected in the drip chamber 118 is introduced to the patient through an output port 128 near the bottom of the chamber via tubing 130 that delivers fluid to the patient. A line-occluding valve 132 in the patient line downstream from the drip chamber is operative to close or reduce flow of fluid therein. Pressure to open the vent valve is generated by occluding the patient line via the downstream line-occluding valve while continuing to run the upstream pump. The pump forces any gas in the drip chamber to be expelled up through the hydrophobic filter and through the vent valve.
A controller 134 is in communication with the patient line valve 132 and with a fluid level sensor 136 that detects the fluid level in the drip chamber 118. Any suitable fluid level detector, such as a float sensor or an ultrasonic detector, can be used, as would be apparent to those of skill in the art. The controller is operative to cause the patient line-occluding valve 132 to close upon detection of a determined low fluid level by the fluid level sensor in the drip chamber, thereby causing pressure to increase in the drip chamber to open the vent valve and preventing gas from traveling to the patient.
The hydrophobic filter does not function when contacted by blood. Thus, the system can include a variable level fluid sensor or multiple fluid level sensors to detect both a low fluid level for purging gas and a high fluid level for preventing contact with the hydrophobic filter. The controller can be operative upon detection of a high level to signal an alarm or take other appropriate action to indicate that the fluid level is too high.
Outgassing occurs when a fluid is heated. Henry's Law can be used to calculate the amount of gas dissolved in a solution versus pressure and temperature, as is known in the art. For example, approximately 7 cc of gas comes out of solution per one liter of fluid at room temperature. Using Henry's Law, it can be determined that a suitable size for the drip chamber is, for example, 50 cc. Other sizes can, of course, be provided, as determined by the application.
The air or gas bubble removal system of the present invention can be employed in conjunction with the system for the detection of air or gas bubbles described above, with any other air or gas bubble detection system, or with any other infusion system.
Intravenous Flow Control System
The present invention also relates to an intravenous (IV) flow control system. The IV flow control system works with a standard hospital IV set and gravity feed and employs a control valve with tubing measurement capabilities and thermal data from a fluid warming system to provide closed loop control to maintain a desired flow rate. More particularly, actual flow rate is determined by two independent control loops to calculate and control the fluid flow rate. One control loop is geometrically based and uses geometric parameters of the IV system. The other control loop is thermally based and uses the power input to an IV fluid warmer and temperatures of the IV fluid entering and exiting the warmer.
Referring to
The controller is able to calculate and control the flow rate using both the thermal and the geometric techniques and can employ one or the other technique as the dominant technique to suit circumstances. When both techniques are used, they can provide a check for each other. Also, the flow rates determined by both techniques can, for example, be averaged to determine a flow rate.
The geometrically based flow rate calculation can be derived as follows. With flow rates normally seen in IV fluid delivery (1 to 20 ml/min), most of the pressure drop occurs across the orifice made by the pincer crushing the tubing. Fluid velocity can be determined from the following relationship:
The orifice length is the pincer width plus a decay constant due to the slope 252 of the tubing (see
pressure drop=(fluid density)×g×(bag height above patient)
If the area of the tubing can be characterized, then the approximate flow rate can be calculated by integrating over the cross sectional area. The main characteristic needed is the cross sectional area through which the fluid flows. When tubing is first inserted in between the anvil and the pincer, the tubing has a round cross-section 262. As the tubing is crushed, its cross sectional area goes from round 262 to oval 264 and then begins to buckle 266, looking like a figure eight, as illustrated in
The flow rate in a round tube can then be calculated by Poiseulle's law:
In this equation, the orifice diameter and length are known. At low flows, the entire pressure drop can be assumed to be across the orifice, and therefore roughly 65 mm Hg. IV fluids come in two dissimilar physical categories, blood and non-blood solutions. The difference between these fluids is in their viscosity and specific heat. All IV fluids with the exception of blood have a viscosity of 1 cP at room temperature, so the viscosity can be assumed to be 1. Blood has a viscosity varying from 4 cP to 12 cP, depending on flow rate (it is a non-Newtonian fluid) and temperature. By using this method, a rough determination of IV fluid flow rates can be obtained for fluids other than blood. Other standard formulas or derivations can be used for the ovals, buckles and rectangles to obtain the flow rate, as would be known by one of skill in the art. See, for example, Sears, Zemansky, and Young, University Physics, Addison-Wesley, 1982, Chapter 13, §§ 13-5, 13-6, "Fluid Dynamics," pp. 271-276.
The largest variable in the geometrically based technique is the pressure, which changes according to bag height, and the second largest variable is the viscosity. These variables are not used in the thermally based technique, which instead utilizes the power input to an IV fluid warmer and the input and output temperatures Tin and Tout of the IV fluid as the fluid passes through the fluid warmer. Any suitable fluid warming system can be used, such as that disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/876,824, published as U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2005-0008354 A1, incorporated herein by reference.
Using the thermally based technique, the flow rate can be calculated from the following formula:
In this case, Tout, Tin, power, and fluid density are known. Tin is the temperature at the heat exchanger entrance at the tubing, and Tout is the temperature at the heat exchanger exit at the tubing. The specific heat of the fluid is variable. All IV fluids have a specific heat of 1 cal/gm° C. while whole blood has a specific heat about 0.85 cal/gm° C.
In practice, blood for IV infusions is refrigerated before use. The system can determine whether blood or a standard IV fluid is being used in most cases by looking at Tin. The system can also determine the fluid type (blood or a standard IV fluid) by calculating the specific heat using the geometrically based technique. If the specific heat does not coincide with the expected constant, then by adjusting the pressure and viscosity variables in the geometric technique and the specific heat in the thermal technique, the approximate actual flow rate can be determined, and the motor can be operated to drive the piston to the correct position to obtain the desired flow rate.
The shape of the tubing can change over time. For example, the tubing can take on a set, or the tubing material can soften if, for example, a warm fluid flows through the tubing. Thus, the controller is operative to continually measure the force from the transducer and servo the motor to maintain the force at the initial or desired value.
At low flow rates, accurate control of the pincer valve can be difficult to achieve. For example, it can be difficult to measure movement of the piston of 0.001 inch or less. In this case, the system is operative to open and close the pincer valve at a duty cycle to obtain average lower flow rates with more accuracy.
In some situations, only one technique may be used, or one technique may be used preferentially over the other. For example, at higher flow rates, at which the orifice pressure drop is not dominant, the thermally based technique above can be used as the dominant technique, and the geometrically based technique can be used to determine whether the IV fluid is or is not blood. In another example, during system start up, the geometrically based technique can be used while the temperatures at the fluid warmer are stabilizing, which can take several minutes.
The system has additional capabilities. The controller is operative to determine the approximate volume of an IV fluid that has been infused by integrating the flow rate over time. If a squeeze bulb infuser is used, the force transducer can detect the large pressure change and provide a signal to the controller to open the pincer valve, thereby allowing the user to give a large volume of fluid in a short period of time. The system can provide a bolus feature by which the user can run the system at an initially high flow rate and then have the system reduce the flow after a specific amount of time has elapsed or a specific volume of fluid has been infused. The valve can clamp the tubing to stop flow in the event of a dangerous condition such as the detection of air in the tubing or an over temperature of the warmer.
The IV flow control system can also be used in conjunction with the gas detection system of the present invention described above. In one embodiment, illustrated in
The system is beneficial for a number of reasons. It uses standard hospital IV sets and standard hospital procedure. It adapts to real time changes in tubing. It handles both standard IV fluids and blood. The operator only needs to set the desired flow rate, greatly simplifying operation. The flow rate is calculated in two independent ways, which overcomes the drawback of using only one or the other technique.
The invention is not to be limited by what has been particularly shown and described, except as indicated by the appended claims.
1. A system for detection of gas bubbles in an intravenous liquid flowing in intravenous tubing, the system comprising:
- a body for retaining a section of intravenous tubing;
- a first electrode in the body positioned to engage a portion of the outer surface of intravenous tubing retained in the body;
- at least one ground electrode in the body positioned to engage a portion of the outer surface of the intravenous tubing in the body, the at least one ground electrode connected to ground;
- a reference capacitor having a fixed dielectric constant;
- a circuit coupled to the first electrode and operative to provide a charge on the first electrode and the reference capacitor and to provide a signal representing the capacitance of the tubing and liquid in the tubing; and
- a controller operative in response to the signal to provide an output indication of gas bubbles in the fluid in the tubing when the signal exceeds a predetermined threshold.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is operative to compare the signal to a limit indicative of a gas bubble in the liquid in the tubing.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is operative to control a timing of providing the charge on the first electrode.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal is representative of a ratio of reference capacitance at the reference capacitor to a load capacitance at the first electrode and the tubing and fluid in the tubing.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuit includes a capacitance to digital converter providing a digital signal representing the capacitance of the tubing and liquid flowing therein.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a focus shield disposed over the first electrode and the at least one ground electrode, the focus shield connected to ground.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the body is comprised of an insulating material.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the body includes a holding member disposed to hold the section of tubing in the body adjacent the first electrode and the ground electrodes.
9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a further ground electrode connected to ground and positioned to engage a portion of the outer surface of the intravenous tubing in the body, the at least one ground electrode and the further ground electrode disposed on opposed sides of the first electrode.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the first electrode and the ground electrodes are aligned parallel to the tubing.
11. The system of claim 9, wherein the body includes a support member, the first electrode mounted on the support member between the ground electrodes.
12. The system of claim 9, wherein the body includes an air gap between the first electrode and the at least one ground electrode and an air gap between the first electrode and the further ground electrode.
13. A system for detection of gas bubbles in an intravenous liquid flowing in intravenous tubing, the system comprising:
- a body for retaining a section of intravenous tubing;
- a capacitance sensor coupled to the outer surface of the intravenous tubing retained in the body;
- a reference capacitor having a fixed dielectric constant;
- a circuit coupled to the capacitance sensor and the reference capacitor and operative to provide a signal representing the capacitance of the tubing and liquid in the tubing; and
- a controller operative in response to the signal to provide an output indication of gas bubbles in the liquid in the tubing when the signal exceeds a predetermined threshold.
14. A method for detecting gas bubbles in an intravenous liquid flowing in intravenous tubing, the method comprising:
- sensing the capacitance of the tubing and liquid flowing in the tubing;
- comparing the capacitance with a fixed reference value; and
- providing a signal indicative of gas bubbles in the liquid in the tubing when the sensed capacitance exceeds the reference value.
15. A method for detecting gas bubbles in an intravenous liquid flowing in intravenous tubing, the method comprising:
- retaining a section of intravenous tubing in an intended position;
- providing an electrical charge to a portion of the tubing in the retained section;
- measuring the charge in comparison to a reference charge provided to a reference capacitor having a fixed dielectric constant to determine the capacitance of the tubing and liquid flowing in the tubing; and
- providing a signal indicative of gas bubbles in the liquid in the tubing when the capacitance exceeds a threshold value.
16. A system for detection of gas bubbles in a liquid flowing in intravenous tubing, comprising:
- a first capacitor, formed at least in part by the intravenous tubing;
- a reference capacitor having a fixed value;
- a circuit adapted to provide a charge on the first capacitor and the reference capacitor and to provide a signal corresponding to the quantity of gas bubbles in the fluid determined from the amount of charge transferred to the first capacitor and the reference capacitor; and
- a controller coupled to the circuit and adapted to provide an output indication of gas bubbles in the fluid in response to the signal.
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Type: Grant
Filed: May 27, 2005
Date of Patent: May 27, 2008
Patent Publication Number: 20060021419
Assignee: Enginivity, LLC (Lexington, MA)
Inventors: David E. Cassidy (Chelmsford, MA), Eric May (Norfolk, MA), Richard Bucchianeri (Westford, MA)
Primary Examiner: Hezron E. Williams
Assistant Examiner: David A. Rogers
Attorney: Moser IP Law Group
Application Number: 11/139,892
International Classification: G01N 27/22 (20060101); G01N 27/60 (20060101);


text:
Could you please take a moment to introduce yourself to my readers who may not have come across your brand before....
We are Caroline & Stuart AKA Vowed & Amazed, we design and create bespoke props for weddings and events, we are most known for being the original 'giant light up letter' company.
When did Vowed and Amazed get started as a business and what were the main ideas behind setting the business up?
We started just after we got engaged! Basically we had some very specific décor in mind for our own wedding and it just didn't exist anywhere! We both met at Art school and had both gone into prop and set design so we knew we could build the pieces ourselves. I always had in the back of my mind that if it went well it could be a new career avenue for us both but I never thought for one second it would take off like it has! Honestly I did think our pieces might be a bit over the top for most people's tastes, we've been really pleased and excited that our customers love joining in with the theatrical-ness!
Why did you decide to concentrate your efforts on the wedding industry?
Because originally our first pieces were for our own wedding but we've actually been really surprised with the amount of non-wedding event work we have has as well.
Could you give us an idea of where you find the inspiration behind your work?
I think our inspiration had been with us both for a long time, even before we met each other. Stuart had a love of steam fairs and vintage stage sets and I had an obsession with funfairs and magicians and old cinemas etc.. so we'd really been collecting a lot of information up in our brains naturally through our interests all our lives. Before we started Vowed & Amazed we spent our early 20s running burlesque nights in East London with fabulous stage sets, that was an amazing grounding for going into event work.
Could you tell us a little about your sister company Thorn Industries and your interest in scenery construction?
We kind of started as his and her companies, V&A was mine and Thorn Industries was Stuarts, Stuart has done some amazing work through Thorn Industries including some of the theatrical looking buildings for Hyde Park's Winter Wonderland, music video sets, and window pieces for Harrods, Selfridges and more. But more than that it helped us support ourselves while we got V&A going.
Which designs in your collection are your favourites and why would you choose these pieces over others?
Well our newest un-launched piece is our favorite but we can't talk about that yet ;) We love all of our pieces, honestly you never get tired of flicking that on switch and seeing that magical glow! And the best part is seeing the clients face when you switch them on!
Please could you tell us more about your bespoke service? What is the most challenging piece that you have been asked to construct?
We don't get to build as much bespoke work as we'd like as we are so busy with the hire work, but we have an amazing piece to build over the winter for a couple based on the logo they have had designed for their wedding stationary, I can't say much but it is a deco dream! We also build and sell mini versions of all of our hire pieces, it so lovely when couples get to keep them as a memento of their big day!
Are there any future projects that you would like to share with my readers?
We have a new website launching soon with an on-line shop for our mini 'to buy' signs and keep an eye out for our newest hire piece being launched!
You seem to have had some amazing press being featured on not only some fabulous wedding blogs including Love My Dress but also in popular magazines including Elle and NME. What would you say has been your career highlight so far?
Oh yes we have been so lucky with the range of work and press we have done. Honestly, as the biggest Britpop mad teenager on the planet I nearly cried the day we got our lights on the cover of NME! When Dawn Porter and Chris O'Dowd decided to only release one photograph from their wedding and it featured them with our letters we were over the moon also! We are firm believers that featuring on 'Love my Dress' made us! In fact we just sent a special thank you present off to Annabel today!
What are you hoping to achieve in the next 12 months?
The launch of some new and exciting signs, more intricate than any that we have made before. We'd love a chance to meet some of the lovely folk we've meet along the way in this wedding world! Hopefully at the Perfect Wedding awards! Wink, wink, give us a vote!
Setting up any new business can be a challenging experience. What is the best business advice you have ever received? Do you have any words of wisdom yourself for fellow suppliers looking to set up their own stores?
The biggest piece of advice would be... Go your own way. Innovate! Don't try to emulate anyone else, you need to be comfortable with who you are and work in an area that you feel genuine enthusiasm for, it's so much work that it really needs to be a work of true love! What we do
looks glamorous on Instagram but the truth is we work extremely long hours and 7 days a week! but the hard slog is worth it to do something you love and be your own boss!


text:
"Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus."
- Philippians 4:6-7 ESV
It's very clear what Paul is talking about here. That is, anxiety. If you currently feel anxious or have ever been ridden with anxiety about anything life, just know that you are NOT the only person to feel this way. It's always been a human struggle. Why else would Jesus address it in His Sermon on the Mount (see Matt. 6:25-34) and then Paul echo it here? That's because we inherently strive to do things on our own. This is a problem. The imperative (command) here is simple: Do not be anxious about anything. Just being honest, that's a pretty lofty command for most of us to even entertain obeying. However, if Jesus is our Lord and we believe that He has called us to obedience for our ultimate good and freedom, then we need to figure out how we can get there.
What are we dealing with?
First, we have to understand how anxiety happens. It starts with namely one thing: Fear of the unknown. This unwarranted fear leads to bad, unhealthy thoughts and ultimately down a slippery slope of "what ifs" that leave us trapped in our head and crippled to the point of inaction or overreaction. We've all been there at some point. It completely paralyzes our joy, our passion, our decision making and our ability to dream with God. That's why the symptoms of anxiety are so tell-tale. We frantically scramble around trying to make everything happen on our own, we neglect our health, we fail to rest and we are drained of our desire to see God do impossible things. When we live out of fear, we are subject to falling down this slippery slope at any moment. So how do we back away from the edge?
a way out
Quite simply, Paul is offering us a chance to live with God. He's saying that we get to be in partnership with Him. Rather than doing life alone and just gutting it out Rambo style, Paul is instructing us to bring our requests to God IN EVERYTHING WE DO (v. 6). Paul says this is done "by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving" (v. 6). Prayer, at its core, is talking with God. It's not so much centered on asking (many of us look at God as a genie who grants wishes), but rather it's purpose is to build a loving relationship with a Father. The second word, supplication, literally means 'a humble petition'. This means that we get to petition God's ear for the things that we want to see Him do in our lives. We get to ask Him to do the impossible. The third word, thanksgiving, is just as important as the first two. Paul is saying that in order to communicate with God, in order to ask Him to do the impossible we have to have genuine gratitude for what He has already done. He's already given us His perfect Son and His Holy Spirit. We owe him undying gratitude. Reflect on that, then give Him thanks for who He is and what He's done!
So Paul has given us this picture of prayer in which not only are we asking God to provide for our needs, but we are engaging in conversation with and giving thanks to a Father who loves us. So what's the result? Peace. It's the opposite of anxiety. In fact, peace is the mark of freedom from anxiety that can only be grown by the Holy Spirit. And not just temporary relief, but it's "the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding" (v. 7). This is the peace of Heaven that won't forsake you, but it will keep you from the grips of future anxiety. It will "guard your hearts" from the fear that taints your hope and "[guard] your minds" from the dangerous thoughts that lead to that slippery slope. Our God gives us peace that heals, restores and gives hope. He is nearer than you think.
a prayer
King Jesus,
We are tired of living in fear of the unknown. We are tired of sowing in vain. We are asking you to free us from this bondage. Send your Holy Spirit to help us have conversation with our Father in Heaven. Let us hold fast to the truth that our God has not forsaken us and that He will always take care of His children. We ask for peace where there is none, and faith where there is little.


text:
Requirements and Installation¶
In the sections below is the information on the minimum hardware requirements and on how to install the software.
System requirements¶
Here are the minimum requirements to run this software:
|Operating system
|Linux / Windows 7+ / macOS
|Intel Core i5 3rd Generation or similar
|Intel HD 4000, Nvidia GeForce 9800 GT, Radeon HD 5670 / 1 GB VRAM / OpenGL 3.0
|Hard drive
|1 GB of free disk space
Installation and uninstallation¶
Depending on your system and your personal preferences the installation procedure may vary. Below is a description of the various installation methods available.
We provide 3 packages for linux systems (
deb for Debian, Ubuntu
and derivatives,
rpm for RedHat, Fedora and derivatives and a
linux installer which works on all distros) plus an
package for Arch and
This is the package for Debian-based distros (Debian, Ubuntu,
Mint, SteamOS, etc.).
gaiasky_<version>.deb file and run the following command. You
will need root privileges to install a
deb package in your system.
$ dpkg -i gaiasky_<version>.deb
This will install the application in the
/opt/gaiasky/ folder and it
will create the necessary shortcuts and
.desktop files. The package
depends on the
default-jre package, which will be installed if it is
not yet there.
In order to uninstall, just type:
$ apt-get remove gaiasky
This is the package for RPM-based distributions (Red Hat, Fedora,
Mandriva, SUSE, CentOS, etc.)
gaiasky_linux_<version>.rpm file and run the following command.
You will need root privileges to install a
rpm package in your
$ yum install gaiasky_linux_<version>.rpm
This will install the application in the
/opt/gaiasky/ folder and it
will create the necessary shortcuts.
In order to uninstall, just type:
$ yum remove gaiasky-x86
Install from AUR
If you have Arch, Manjaro, Antergos or any other Arch Linux derivative, you can install the package from AUR using any tool able to install AUR software. For example:
$ yauort -S gaiasky
This will download the package and install it in the
/opt/gaiasky/ folder. It also
creates the necessary shortcuts.
Unix/Linux installer
We also provide a Unix/Linux
that will trigger a graphical interface where you can choose the
installation location and some other settings. Download the file
gaiasky_unix_<version>.sh to your disk. Then run the following to
start the installation.
$ ./gaiasky_unix_[version].sh
Follow the on-screen instructions to proceed with the installation.
In order to uninstall, just execute the
uninstall file in the
installation folder.
Two windows installers are available for 32 and 64-bit systems.
gaiasky_windows_<version>.exe– 32 bit installer.
gaiasky_windows-x64_<version>.exe– 64 bit installer.
To install the Gaia Sky, just double click on the installer and then follow the on-screen instructions. You will need to choose the directory where the application is to be installed.
In order to uninstall the application you can use the Windows Control Panel or you can use the provided uninstaller in the Gaia Sky folder.
macOS X¶
For macOS we provide a
gaiasky_macos_<version>.dmg file
which is installed by unpacking into the Applications folder. Once
unpacked, it is ready to run by simply clicking on it.
Compressed (TGZ) package¶
gaiasky-[version].tgz package file is also provided
It will work in all systems but you need to unpack it yourself and
create the desired shortcuts. In Windows, use an archiver software
(7zip, iZArc, etc.) to unpack it.
In Linux and macOS, you can use:
$ tar xzvf gaiasky-<version>.tgz -C [target_folder]
Running from source¶
Please see the Running from source section.


text:
The Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) held an energy Town Hall Meeting during the 36th Annual Legislative Conference. The event at the 2006 Legislative Weekend addressed energy independence. The CBC has held energy and environment braintrusts for the past 25 years and AAEA President Norris McDonald organized the first CBC energy forum for the late Congressman Mickey Leland, above right, in 1981. We miss you Mickey. You were a true legend and an irreplaceable leader in the Congressional Black Caucus.
The theme, 'Changing Course, Confronting Crises, Continuing the Legacy,' focused on current energy challenges and opportunities facing American families and communities, including home heating needs, gasoline prices, and alternative energy strategies that must be implemented to reach the goal of energy independence. Panelists included former Secretary of Energy, Governor Bill Richardson; former Secretary of Energy and President of Fisk University, Hazel O'Leary; President of the Apollo Alliance and Chair of the National Wildlife Federation, Jerome Ringo; Former Congressman Joe Kennedy; and representatives from the American Association of Blacks in Energy. News personality Ed Gordon moderated.