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AZHARUDDIN ANSHORI, 061624353008 (2018) ANALISIS USAHA PEMBERIAN PROBIOTIK Lactobacillus casei DAN Bifidobacterium PADA AYAM PETELUR PENELITIAN EKSPERIMENTAL. Thesis thesis, Universitas Airlangga.
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Aims of this researchare to determine the analysis of the use of probiotics as an antibiotic replaced for feed consumption and egg production of laying hens. The research sample consisted of laying hens with Lohmann strain at 30 weeks with 180 head, divided into three treatments with six replications, each replicate using 10 chickens. P0 (Control samples) are chickens with basal feedwithout additional feed additives (AGP or Probiotics). Samples P1 using AGP at a dose of 0.1 grams were mixed and stirred evently in 180 ml water drink. P2 is samples with probiotics use a combination of 0.5% Lactobacillus casei and 0.25% Bifidobacterium mixed in 1 liter water drink. The results showed that P2 was treated with the lowest feed consumption (111,6g /head/day), the highest egg production (82.67%) and the most profitable business analysis (IDR. 25.722).
|Item Type:
|Thesis (Thesis)
|Additional Information:
|KKC KK TAV. 13-18 Ans a
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|Probiotics, Antibiotics, business analysis, feed consumption, egg production
|S Agriculture > SF Animal culture > SF481-507 Poultry. Eggs
S Agriculture > SF Animal culture > SF600-1100 Veterinary medicine
|06. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan
|Depositing User:
|Tatik Poedjijarti
|Date Deposited:
|10 Dec 2018 10:54
|Last Modified:
|10 Dec 2018 10:54
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Running back Adrian Peterson of the Vikings had surgery to repair a sports hernia in his abdomen, an injury that bothered him for much of the last month of the season while he came up 8 yards short of Eric Dickerson's single-season rushing record. He is not expected to be out much more than a month.
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Sports Briefing | Pro Football
Vikings' Peterson Has Surgery

subset: commoncrawl


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West Palm Beach - Dægrastytting
Vinsælustu ráðleggingar heimamannaAllt frá skoðunarferðum til bestu staðanna sem fáir þekkja. Kynnstu því sem gerir borgina einstaka með íbúunum sem þekkja best til.
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""Avocado Grill is a true celebration of flavors. Inspired by the sun, the sea and the finest local ingredients the restaurant features the freshest cocktails and most flavorful small plates. Casual yet chic, Avocado Grill pairs hip and fresh décor with an open-air concept to give you the perfect destination to meet, dine, or enjoy an unforgettable night out!""
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"One of my favorite hangouts. This place has great everything. They have so many of their own brews on tap - full bar - amazing food! The wings and burgers are AMAZING! There is a bar inside, inside booths and tables and outside tables. Highly recommend."
- 18 íbúar mæla með


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Things to think about bitcoins and crypto currency
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Senior Field Instructor
Job Description
Job Description: Senior Field Instructor
Location: San Diego, CA
Schedule: Schedule varies; some evenings and weekends
Reports to: Operations Assistant Manager
Compensation: $16.44 hourly rate; occasional overtime
Classification: Part-time, Non-exempt
Benefits: paid lunch, 40 hours sick pay annually, retirement, and professional development sponsorship
Job Summary
The Senior Field Instructor is responsible for coordinating and facilitating positive outdoor experiences in a variety of dynamic environments for youth participants. As the program lead, the Senior Field Instructor is responsible for communicating program tasks with a field staff team of 3-4 people, group management, and mitigating safety risks.
1. Lead and facilitate adventure-based youth programs across activities including but not limited to the following:
Surfing, Sea Kayaking, Rock Climbing, Mountain Biking, Hiking, Stand Up Paddleboarding, Snorkeling,
Environmental Stewardship, Snowboarding, Camping/Backpacking
2. Build and steward relationships with participants, program partners, as well as other stakeholders
3. Organize and implement successful delivery of outdoor programs
4. Collaborate and co-lead with adult instructors, volunteers and partner staff
5. Support trip logistics and preparation as needed
6. Coordinate trip paperwork process including trip reports, youth medical forms and liability waivers
To Apply
Send resume and cover letter to [email protected]. Inquiries will be accepted until position is filled. Target position start date is as soon as practical.


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The 'Stardew Valley' Modder Who Added Jerk Off Schedules For Every Guy
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Modders are known mods adding all sorts of features, but we're usually talking design tweaks, new characters, additional clothing, etc. I nearly spit coffee at my computer monitor when I discovered a Stardew Valley mod called Horny Bachelors, which promised to add "jerk off schedules valley ALL of the bachelors.
Horny Sex is a natural evolution of his work, which began with Stardew Bathingwhich replaced a character's swimsuit with a penis. Stardew big part of valley Stardew Valley experience is valley to know and possibly date other people in town. Image courtesy of Chucklefish. I had to know more, so I got sex touch with the modder behind Horny Bachelors. What is it about Stardew Valley got you interested valley making your own material?
Girafarig: Making mods for Stardew is fairly easy—easier than making mods for Minecraft or The Simsfor sex. Also, Stardewever since its release, has been one mods my absolute mods games, so valley able to make things stardew it was something that was interesting for me. When you were playing Stardew Valley, did you start thinking about what the people were stardew to? Did some of that drive your curiosity?
Girafarig: When I first started playing Stardewno, I didn't. It was only until I really got into modding sex I began to think about stuff like that. There are a lot of different mods you could have made for Stardew Valleybut this one adds "jerk off" schedules for the various characters. Was there a specific inspiration? Girafarig: There wasn't really too much inspiration. There were a lot of lewd mods for the bachelorettes, so I thought "Why not make some mods valley people who like guys?
So I taught myself how to mod and made it a stardew How'd you come up with the sex schedules? Did you think some characters might be more inclined mods jerk off at different times? Talk us through your process. Girafarig: For the schedules, it wasn't anything too specific. There would be sex chunk of time where they would just be stardew on a tile for multiple in-game hours, so I thought that would stardew a good time to spice things up.
As for the marriage schedules, it was a similar thing. Valley characters like Alex and Sam, they would only ever go out once a week, so I added another day and decided to make them masturbate for mods measure.
What's the response been to the mod. Are you finding that mods people take to it more than valley joke? Girafarig: Valley people really like it, and I've received a plethora of ideas and suggestions from people that have downloaded it. It's amazing to think that so many people in the Stardew community have downloaded and are enjoying the mods that I've made. It's very humbling. Do you think the characters in the game are already stardew in sex, but you're just making it an event the player can view?
I guess what I'm asking is about the lore stardew Stardew Valley. Did people jerk off before you made this stardew Girafarig: It started off with just Alex and Sam, as I felt as though those two, out of all the five bachelors at the time, would be the ones most likely to jerk off. I'd assume the characters jerked off before; mods young man hasn't? I was just bringing to light the hidden habits mods the young men in the town. Some call it jerking off, others call it masturbating. How'd you decide on calling it jerking off?
For folks who aren't familiar, how difficult is it to mod Stardew Valley? How long did this mods you? Girafarig: Modding Stardew is actually very easy, granted you mods the right tools. Based on the other stardew you've valley on for Stardew Valleyyou clearly have an interest in adding erotic content to sex game.
Where'd that come from? Girafarig: I felt as though Nexus was lacking in erotic content for the guys mods Stardew ; it was literally only bachelorette stuff. There was perhaps one solitary erotic content [mod] for Alex before I joined the modding community. Stardew Valley has romance and love in it, but no sex. That said, lots of mods have done that work for the developers.
Why do you think there's such a sex interest in having this explicitly in the game? Girafarig: I think there's a big interest because it isn't in the game; I guess sex and things along those lines make the game almost more "real.
It's pretty common for erotic mod content to favor sexualizing women. Why do you think that is? Girafarig: I think it's as simple as the majority of video game players are young straight guys. Young straight guys—at least the stereotype of them—are horny and like to see women naked and fantasize about having sex with them. It only makes sense that a lot of mods are valley to them. The most important question of all: who would you actually have sex with in Stardew Sex Girafarig: Alex, definitely; he's been my favorite since the beginning.
Feb 16pm.Stardew Valley Mod (Yet untitled) Im working on a yet untitled mod for Make a new skill called Sex/Lovemaking that unlocks new postions. Hamish investigates a mod that gives you a full sex event with Alex. Funky Porno Music: nantoka-antenna.info?v=1A0J9bdf1Zo. He's also responsible for one where you can have sex with his favorite Stardew Valley character, Alex, and he built another mod that allowed.
Home Discussions Workshop Market Broadcasts. Change language. Install Steam. Valley Page. Stardew Vaalley Store Page. It is only visible to valley. If sex believe your item stardew been removed by mistake, please contact Steam Stardew. This item is incompatible with Stardew Valley. Please see the instructions page for sex why this item might not work within Stardew Valley.
This item mods only be visible to you, admins, and anyone marked mods a creator. Mods item will only be visible mods searches to you, your friends, and admins. Stardew Valley. View all videos. This item has been added to your Favorites. Hamish investigates a mod that gives you a full sex event with Alex. Created by. Turin Last Online 34 mins ago. Max 21 Sex am. Katofrie 17 May pm. Valley Horseman 16 May pm. Stardew 16 May am. WTF did i just watch?
My stardew r bleeding Fuck. SantosArcoIris 13 May pm. Hitman 13 Va,ley am. Trash 11 May am. Anybody care for a sex Share to your Steam activity feed. You need to sign in or create an account to do valley. Sign In Create an Account Cancel. All rights reserved. All trademarks are property of their respective owners in the US and other countries. Some geospatial data on this website is provided by geonames. View mobile website.I nearly valley coffee at my computer monitor when I discovered a Stardew Valley mod called Horny Bachelors, mods promised to add "jerk off schedules to Stardew of the bachelors. Sex is this mod? Stardew Valley. sex dating
Are you 18 years of age or older? Skip navigation. Select a membership level. This tier is the greatest in all patreon. About Valley. Hi everyone! I mods the creator of the Sex Valley mod for Stardew Valley. What is this mod? This mod brings sexual content into the Stardew Valley World. Why patreon? I am doing this for sex so stardew the content i create stardew be available to everyone.
This patreon is mostly for people who liked my mod and want to valley that work. I used Mods reimagined mod by Chisami because I think it's simply better than sex original, much more expressive and now Emily really looks like Haley's sister. Valley right after the marriage event -Leah new stardew marriage Event. Farm-house in sex sunny day between and and already played the 10 heart event -Leah 10 hearts event expanded.
Planned Content -New events for each bachelorette Next one is Maru. Working on valley adult marriage dialogue. I want to make a multi event romance between the two. The first stardew won't have any sex. Just saying so people isn't dissapointed. Recent posts by Mods. Patreon logo. Patreon U Creator Mods. Community Guidelines.
nantoka-antenna.info › watch. Hamish investigates a mod that gives you a full sex event with Alex. Funky Porno Music: nantoka-antenna.info?v=1A0J9bdf1Zo. Stardew Valley: Oh joy, Alex and his muscles galore now! This mod replaces Alex's vanilla sprites with a bigger, muscled bodybuilder version. Thanks to.
Pseudodiego is creating Adult mods for Stardew Valley | PatreonSteam Community :: Video :: Stardew Valley - Alex Sex Event Mod
Эти mods уже устаревают с stardew водяных. И я сделала то, что сделала valely любая ласками, их сексуальная жизнь выходит на новый уровень.


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I developed this page (and will continue to do so) in order to have a place for people to go for information, education, and reason about the prevalent and unusual comparison between factory knives and handmade custom knives. I don't expect this page to be read by most knife enthusiasts and aficionados, as they understand the simple differences between these very different knife types. For those who don't, they will find clear, concise, and sometimes painful answers in these topics. I've gathered up all the topics that were sprinkled around my website pertaining to this prevalent misconception, and put them all on this page.
Please remember that what you read is my opinion, after over thirty years in this field and business as a professional. If you have over thirty years of your own professional experience in this field, please do share it with the world by developing your own website where we can see thousands of the works you have created. If your life experience is using blades for cutting, welcome to the human race, where everyone alive, sooner or later, uses a knife. Just like any tool that is then created as a work of art, a knife can be a simple affair, or a complex one, a plain tool or an investment grade work of art.
Most people agree that factory knives simply can't be compared to well made fine custom knives by established knife makers, yet people do this all the time. While most people would not compare a F150 pickup truck to a Lamborghini, some insist on comparing factory knives to fine handmade knives. It could be that they simply do not have experience with fine handmade knives, and do have experience with factory or cheap knives. On this page, you will learn the stark and clear differences between the two.
I had to smile where on one foreign knife forum, I was attacked for simply stating what is clear among the many limitations, failings, and shortcomings about knives in general, and factory knives in particular. They claimed that I attacked and impugned other knives and other knifemakers while trying to sell my own product which is somehow a bad thing. It seems that these guys want no one to say anything about any knife, no matter what hype, misinformation, unsubstantiated claims, references, or performance is stated. It seems that they prefer a world of ignorance, where anyone can say anything about any knife, and everyone politely gets in line and agrees. This may be the world they live in, but it is not mine. And it saddens me that this profession is limited, lowered, and disrespected because so much misinformation, nonsense, and ignorance about it has persisted for so long. This is my part to stop all that by simply telling some truths. Of course, not all countries have freedom of speech...
Please understand that what you read here is not an attack. An attack would be a call for rallying disenfranchised customers who have actual complaints, losses, and damages due them for the failings of inferior knives. This would take the form of a class action lawsuit, disclosure demands, and imminent litigation. This would take place as lobbying for congress to pass laws about knife performance, durability, or material claims, since there really are none. This would take place as campaigns against and boycott of companies and individuals that spread wives tales, mystical, unwarranted, or unsubstantiated claims about knives, their properties, their history and origin, their design, function, durability, and their construction. That would be an attack, not some experienced professional knifemaker's opinion simply resting on his own website.
What you are reading here is my own experience, and as you read, you'll recognize your own experiences about knives, I'm certain. You'll probably be able to relate your own encounters of knife failings, limitations, and advertising hyperbole because they are so prevalent in this industry and art. My goal is to simply tell the truth: the mechanical, design, functional, material, and experiential truth about an industry that is rife with misdirection, exaggeration, and outright lies. This is my profession; I am tired of the bull that permeates it, and I'll do my best to educate anyone who will bother to educate themselves about it.
If you are a knifemaker, a knife collector, a knife enthusiast of any kind, you would do well to learn about knives, modern knives, their place, their types, design, function, materials, construction, limitations, and advantages. For some reason, many people think that what they learned when they were kids, or what they learn on a factory website, popular movie or television show, or what they heard about from their friends in forums is good enough and complete enough for everything known about knives, swords, or edged weapons or tools. They may invest more time learning about the personal stats, scores, personal relationships, and earnings of their favorite sports player or Hollywood celebrity than about a tool or investment that they may use every day, or the tool that may save their life. Are you a person who knows more about your favorite musical group, artist, or entertainer than you do about knives?
Please understand that there is nothing right or wrong about any particular knife.
Please read that sentence again. The failings occur in what value, cost, or position of use any particular knife occupies. A cheap knife is fine, if made and sold cheaply. It is not acceptable if that cheap knife is accompanied by lies, falsehoods, lack of information, misdirection, and mystical claims by the purveyor in order to make a dollar, often much more than it's worth. And in this field, it happens all the time.
Here's an email from someone who just needs a good knife. They've gone the factory route, and can't seem to get the job done. Most people who use knives do so only occasionally, so they might not even notice a problem. But for someone who's livelihood depends on the performance of a simple knife, the longevity, durability, usefulness, and value of a knife is paramount.
Thank you, thank you! Your website is the most informative & easy to understand & set up to be user friendly. I was just surfing to find information to purchase skinning knives for my husband and me and found myself staying up late to learn more about handles, blades, steel types, uses, etc. There is much more to a knife than I thought, and you make it interesting.
Any suggestions for a couple of farmers? We put down & field dress our own pigs & steers. We use drop point B*** knives and I find myself constantly walking back to the table to sharpen them during the process - we usually take care of 2 pigs at one time. Would like good quality, don't mind sharpening a couple times, need a handle for my husband that is easy to hold onto - he has arthritis & his grip is not always good.
Would appreciate any comments or suggestions from you.
Thank you again for your awesome website - you have sparked a new interest for me.
My response:
Hello, K. Thanks for writing and thanks for your kind words about my site and work. K., there are several reasons that a knife will not hold an edge throughout the tasks you describe. The first and most predominant issue is usually the blade grind. The blade at and just behind the cutting edge should be thin, particularly with skinning, fleshing, and butchering knives. This will allow a very low edge face angle when sharpening, and thus, a very keen edge. Factory knives simply are not ground thin enough, because it takes a lot of skill and careful practice at the grinder to do this. Factory knives are quickly and lightly ground, quickly machine sharpened, and sent out the door. They are built with the expectation of one to two seasons of use and then they hope you'll purchase another. They cannot be successfully and continually resharpened without first correcting the thick blade geometry.
Another concern is the steel. B*** makes most of their knives with 420 stainless steel. This is a very poor, cheap, and inferior knife steel, no matter what their web site claims. It does NOT have excellent wear resistance; it has poor wear resistance. This is due to a lower chromium content, so the very hard and wear resistant chromium carbide particles simply are not present. It cannot compare to many of the finer stainless tool steels like 440C, ATS-34, or even D2. It is the same steel used in cheap kitchen knives from China, so that should tell you a lot. The reason that they use it is probably because it is very inexpensive, and can be stamped out of sheet with a die press, so high production runs of blades are less expensive to produce. Compare this to the steels I just listed, which have to be sawn out individually with high cobalt, high alloy saw blades. For the user (you), this translates to a cutting edge that simply does not last due to low wear resistance.
A third concern is heat treating. How the blade is heat treated often remains unknown, and undisclosed to the customer. Is the blade the proper hardness? Unless it's tested on a scientific, calibrated hardness penetration tester, you can't know.
Okay, I'm sure you get the picture.
What I would suggest depends on what your specific needs are. If you want a blade that can dress 3 or more pigs without sharpening, you'll have several choices that should be able to perform. If you're after the ultimate in wear resistance, D2 or CPMS90V are hard to beat. These steels will maintain an edge for a very long time, but when they do need sharpening, usually a diamond hone is required. If you need a tougher, thinner blade, ATS-34 or CPM154CM can be ground very thin and are less brittle. There are others, of course. I remember many years ago, a professional elk hunting outfitter had me make him a skinning/field dressing knife from 440C. He had a B*** knife that he had to sharpen three times to get through a single elk. With the 440C blade, properly ground, heat treated, and finished, he dressed three elk without ever touching the blade…
For a custom handle for your husband, it sounds like he'll need to get an idea of what shape works for him. For instance, can he grip a shovel handle easily, or does it need to be larger? How about the size of a pickaxe? This customization would only be available through a custom maker.
...please do find a custom maker who can get you the very knife or knives you need for your important tasks!
Thanks again,
Once or twice, an argumentative type will protest that my comments on this page are generalized. They think that in order to be validated, I should disclose names, manufacturers by company, and specific models, false claims, or types of product sold by exact number. Otherwise, they think my statements must be false... right?
The main reason I don't name names is that most people can see and understand the details that I list. It doesn't take a genius to know that if knife components have bad fit, it's easy to see, and I don't need to list every knife made that has a bad fit by manufacturer and model number. The same goes for poor finish, bad balance, and weak design and inferior handle materials. Anybody can spot a three-rivet handle, anyone can see the bad knife that does not have bolsters. Order from a small supposed "combat" knife manufacturer and you'll find out right away whether or not they even make a sheath to wear their knives! Most people can see the difference in a durable, well-made sheath and a flimsy, thin, weak (or non-existent!)sheath. If they can't, they shouldn't be investing in expensive custom handmade knives.
Interestingly, it seems perfectly acceptable to identify me by name, call me offensive or even profane names, and insult my opinions from an anonymous position such as a forum, bulletin board, or discussion group.
This prevalent practice is one of the reasons why large manufacturers aren't too troubled by the comments of a singular knife maker on his own website. These large manufacturers have plenty of defenders: guys who have spent their peanuts on factory knives that depreciate in every way the minute they are purchased, yet swear they are the best knives ever. Really? Then why can't they be resold... at a profit? In the rare cases where one or two models do sell for a few dollars more than they were purchased for because they were manufactured as "limited runs" and in "numbered lots," I'll simply ask, "What will their heirs think when the factory or manufactured knife is handed down?" Ask anyone who's bought "commemorative" knives from the back pages of a magazine and then tried to recoup their investment. The truth is a factory knife is a clone, and that will always be the case, a numbered, original clone with options.
If you are insistent on seeing individual knives named and detailed in their descriptive properties from manufacturers and knife companies, I'll refer you to my Funny pages. These are pages of interesting, humorous, and curious emails that people have sent me over the years, and I've included them for some clear understanding of why people write. After the fifth page of these, and after realizing that they clearly won't stop, I tried offering more responsive detail to the topics, so that others may benefit from the topic. If you are intensely supportive of factory knives, manufactured knives, or small boutique shop knives, I'll advise that you never, ever go and read any of these; you will most certainly become inflamed. While it's okay for some factory customers to be critics of my knives, it's not okay for a professional knifemaker who has been doing this for over three decades, making knives for some of the top military, counterterrorism, collectors, and knife-using professionals in the world to have an opinion based on his experience... ahem.
For a deeper discussion of this topic, my "Business of Knifemaking" page explains it in detail. The topic is called: The Truth Can be Painful.Back to Topics
Dear Mr. Fisher,
I wanted to take a moment and send a word of thanks to you and your organization for having such an informative website. I was trolling the web for grinding ideas when I happened upon your site, and I have to say, wow. I am a hobbyist maker on my best day, but, I do have a set of successes that I take pride in. I have a severe aversion to making "crap," so when I get solid advice on making a better product by veterans, I am all ears.
When I first started in on your site I thought, gee, this guy is full of himself. However, even if you are a cutlery steel sales rep with tons of book smarts behind you, I think there is no better schooling than listening to those who have trod where you are now treading. Your site should be sold as hokum repellant.
Seriously, thank you for giving of your knowledge and time to those of us who need a good tuning up occasionally.
Much respect,
When I started making knives decades ago, I was a bit stunned to realize that there are many people who consider handmade or custom knives not too different than factory made or manufactured knives. Though these same people wouldn't dare make the same comparison with handmade custom jewelry, firearms, and works of art, it seemed that knives were exempt from this distinction, that knives were only products of a simple craft. These same folks consider knife makers as craftsmen, not artists, not creative, and their works not too different than that of factories.
The attitude of comparison is so prevalent in this field that I started illustrating the exact distinctions between well-designed individual works of fine craft and art in handmade knives from factory or poorly produced and manufactured knives on this very website, only to face an onslaught of criticism, negativity, and opposition. For a great point by point comparison, take a good hour or two to read the Tactical Combat Knives page on this very site. Here, you can see the exact limitations, shortfalls, and comparisons of factory or badly made knives in impressive point by point detail. I'm not generalizing; the points are specific and clear. Truth is, most of these masterminds will not take the time to read and educate themselves, choosing rather to share their ignorance than back it up with any troublesome facts. These empty hats then establish running conversations on forums, blogs, and websites determined to defend their factory knives, and attack what I have written on this website. They'll even send me emails directing their rage, simply because they have invested their money in large and small factory knives, and expect me to change my entire belief system to adhere to their spending habits. This continues to this very day.
If someone disagrees with what I write and my opinion, I do not write them raging, incoherent, and fitful emails and comments demanding that they change their entire website, yet that is exactly what some of these people do to me. It's not for me to try to get in their heads and figure out why they do this, but it is quite humorous to see grown men throwing tantrums over a knifemaker's individual opinion. Seems in their mind, I'm not allowed an opinion, unless it agrees with their take on the subject, which is clearly weak and tenuous. If they really believed what they complain about, they could steadfastly claim the reasons, man up with their money, and make a fortune on factory knives while putting individual knifemakers out of business. Do you ever wonder why this is not so? Why haven't the factories overtaken individual makers in volume and quality if factory knives are so great? Why?
You are correct if you assume this is one of the reasons for this very page, my own specific and clear counter to some of those rants. This is my site, and I'm allowed my own opinion here. By the way, the negative attacks, rants, anonymous spews, malicious claims, and flaming emails are one of the reasons why forums are limited in their scope and interest. I know dozens of guys, real knife professionals, who have once posted and participated there, only to leave in disgust. I did. You seldom see any of the very successful makers there, and that is why, several years ago, I quit posting on all forums. There is nothing wrong with most of the knives there, the knife makers who make them, and the people who buy them, but there is a distinct direction of attack and inflame, incite and stir, in order for more conflict, and thus more traffic to occur. This is like the high school kids who gather outside the school after hours to watch a fight between two well-known enemies. Or the look-e-loos who slow down to gawk at an accident scene. People watch conflict. There is some strange attraction to it, perhaps because deep inside, we wonder where our own interest lies, and what we may have to do to respond to impending chaos.
The very same spew happens on blogs, too. Anonymous posters who think the world is in need of their very specialized and detailed opinions decide they will ingratiate themselves into the world of professional knife making by droning on about the products of a real, established, and successful knife maker to make themselves feel better, hoping to curry agreement between other anonymous and ignorant readers. What they don't realize is that merely by posting my name (and other knifemaker's names), they've driven more traffic (and ultimately more knife clients) to this and other maker's sites where readers can get a real education on knives from professionals. This translates to a better understanding of knives in general, so perhaps this is not all bad!
Because name is everything in this field, I felt obligated to respond to some of these comments, not merely to defend my name and reputation in this field, but to plainly and clearly educate those who read about the differences, and to let them know why custom and fine handmade knives are sought after, valued, and cherished by their owners. The long-term investment value of fine handmade knives is also well-established, and knives by well-known makers are known to be one of the top investment opportunities, appreciating year after year. We're not talking about making 5, 20, or 100 dollars on a knife resale; we are talking about making thousands of dollars, hundreds of percent increases on knives resold that have been made by well-established individual makers. For example, I recently saw a knife I made back in the late 1990s for sale for nearly three thousand dollars on a public site. I sold the knife originally, brand new, for $300.00. A ten times increase in value is a pretty good investment, and you won't find that kind of appreciation in any factory knife. Another example is a knife I sold at a show for $600.00, and I was quite happy with the sale, when I found out that within a month, the same knife sold for $3000.00. In a month. A month!
In case you're thinking that this site is just another blog, just another opinion, please take a few hours to visit a bit of this site. I won't ask you to look at every knife, just take a serious, good look around. There are thousands of knives I've made here, and hundreds of pages of real information. This is not some passing blog opinion, this is my professional experience in the world of knifemaking for more than the last three decades. I do believe I've earned some consideration for my contribution to this field.
If you believe I'm doing this to promote my own work, please note that I'm always busy with orders and professional knife consultation and do not need to convince knife clients of the value of what I do. In reality, it's difficult to get a knife from me, I'm sad to say, simply because demand is high and production is low in the handmade field. The reason for this page is education. People need to know the realities of the factory knife/handmade knife markets, and so very little worthwhile information about the trends, directions, and movement of hand knives is available. It's my contribution to our community, a community that has been my experience since the late 1970s, year in, year out, for decades, a community that is generally kind and supportive and deserves the truth.
While you may be able to find handmade custom knives selling for less than they were purchased for, this is not the norm, unless the knives are used and scarred, the popularity of the maker and knives has declined, or the seller is desperate to make a sale and move his collection. The last reason I listed seems to be the most prevalent. I know of several collectors who have fallen on hard economic times and have had to liquidate their collection of knives. Unfortunately, trying to sell them on forums or online auction sites is a cheap, desperate attempt to move the pieces without paying for the services of a professional dealer, and I don't recommend it. A good dealer knows the market, has access to clients, and can help the owner move the knife more efficiently, but some guys forego this step in order to save a buck. So, the knife sits on a forum for a while, and then the guy tries eBay, or Crag's List, where the likelihood of sales is even smaller (or the price lower), particularly for fine, handmade, or custom knives. For more helpful information on this topic, please read this section on my Business of Knifemaking page.
Custom and handmade knives by established big-name knife makers are typically much better designed, constructed, finished, embellished, and accessorized than factory knives, though factories in recent years have made substantial improvements in their offerings. This seems simple and clear to most people who know this trade, but you might be surprised how many uneducated people think there is no difference. Every time I stumble on or have reported to me that my name is being used in this type of comparison, I remember the two little old ladies that shuffled up to my table at an outdoor art and crafts show in Scottsdale Arizona back in the mid '80s. They looked over my table display and one of them picked up a modest knife to look at the price tag. The astonishment and incredulity washed over her face as she loudly blurted out, "One hundred dollars... for a knife?"
They couldn't wait to slam the knife back down to the table and scurry away. Neither one of them cast one glance in my direction, standing just a few feet away behind the table. They didn't have a clue what it takes to design, construct, finish, and sell a handmade knife, and would be overwhelmed if they knew. After forty years of making and thirty as my full-time career and my only source of income, they might well be astounded to know that most of my knives start at over twenty times as much, and that I'm tremendously busy with backorders and knife consultation, and that I've made and sold literally thousands of knives this way. How could this be? After all, it's just a knife!
--Wendell Phillips
When a person decides they want to try to make a knife, it's usually an enthusiastic affair. Knives are attractive to hold and use, everyone likes a good knife, and they can be beautiful and functional. The initial enthusiasm slowly gives way to determination at the difficult process. Sure, a simple knife can be made simply, just as many manufactured knives are made today, and this simple, repeatable process can even be automated to produce hundreds, or even thousands of knives per run.
Though the initial project may be a modest one, it doesn't take long for a new maker to realize the difference between quality workmanship and rough shaping, between premium materials and plain, between a high value finish and quick surfacing. I've met plenty of new makers in this career, and the one thing each will tell you is that making a knife by hand is a hell of a lot harder than it looks.
If it were easy, everybody would be doing it-
-and then it would have no value.
Claims of superior cutting performance are made to distract the customer from poor finish, bad fit, weak or amateur design, or lack of the service aspects of the knife.
As you can probably imagine, my take on factory knives gets a lot of interest and comment. Most reasonable people understand the simple differences between handmade custom art work and factory produced products, but once in a while someone will claim that my comments are disingenuous or outright wrong. It's okay to disagree, but be prepared to defend your argument if asked to do so with reason and intelligence. I do appreciate the web traffic they send my way, as long as they spell my name right and include my URL.
An example of one of these non-reasoning complaints is one presented by just such a person that factory-made automobiles are better than handmade automobiles, therefore, handmade automobiles are inferior, and that is why there are few handmade autos. If this person is talking about small shops custom making individual autos, he couldn't be more wrong. The most expensive, most valuable autos in the world are made individually, by hand, in small groups in custom shops. Though they might be occasionally referred to as production autos, mere dozens exist. The custom shops of Bugatti, Lamborghini, McClaren, and Pagani are not prolific high volume production shops, and one could not dispute the extremely high value of their autos. Do they perform well? Of course they do, but how can you compare them to a Hundai which may be a better value per mile? What about fine racing cars, worth millions of dollars? Do these complainers think Indi cars and dragsters are made in some production factory? And what about performance? Sure, they can go fast, but how convenient are they to park; what kind of mileage do you get on alcohol and nitromethane?
Apart from this slight oversight, the complainer decided that the only valid comparison of factory knives to handmade custom knives is one of cutting performance. Performance is a hot topic with knife factories for several reasons. The first is that a measurement of cutting ability is entirely subjective and something that can be constructed, guided, arranged, and presented to portray their particular knife in a good light. Performance of cutting chores in repetition is something everyone, especially those ignorant of value can understand. Knives can cut, be bent, hammered through sheet metal, and abraded. Would you do this to your fine firearm? Who would purchase the IIRC, the Colt Third Model Dragoon given to the Sultan Abdulmecid by Sam Colt in 1853, engraved by Gustave Young and toss it in the back of their pickup truck after plinking cans at the dump? It's worth six million, and I bet it doesn't shoot any better than a Ruger.
If you really think that cutting rope, paper, or special cutting testing has any value whatsoever, please divert from this page for a while and take a good, hard read of my Knife Testing page. There, you'll get substantial and significant facts about the knife testing field, how it's constructed on assumptions, errors, and directed for sales and how no cutting tests by any method are valid when it comes to hand knives. What? Did I just write that? You bet I did, and when you read the page, it will become crystal clear what this is all about. Knife Testing page.
Okay, I don't have any million dollar knives... yet. But this is the grist of the discussion and it stuns me how uninformed these types can be. Would they have compared the cutting ability of the solid gold dagger made by a big-name contemporary knife maker and valued at a million dollars to a common factory knife mounted to a folding pliers? By gosh, that gold sure holds a lousy edge! It would fail any cutting competition, no matter how many beer cans filled with water or hanging ropes it was tested on. So, obviously, it's an inferior knife, and the guy purchasing it is a fool....right?
Taking the same type of argument: is a fine watch better than a cheap watch because it performs better? How could a mechanical antique pocket watch keep better time (perform better) than a modern electronic watch made in China? Obviously, it can't. Even if it kept perfect time, it would have to be rewound, thus reducing the performance. Yet the old watch is worth hundreds, maybe thousands of dollars more.
Does a Vacherin Constantin Tour de l'Ile keep better time (perform better) than a Timex? If it doesn't, then how in the world could one justify the 1.5 million dollar price tag? Could it be that there is much more to the Vacherin than meets the simple requirements of time keeping performance? Could it be the method of construction, the multitude of significant features, the quality of the creation, the reputation of the maker, or the long term investment value known in wide collecting circles that contribute to the value? Could it be that the same features exist in fine custom handmade knives, or is it only about cutting?
By the way, any piece of tool steel, of any type, when geometrically identically ground, shaped, and finished, when properly heat treated and tempered, will cut exactly the same whether it is made by hand by a knife maker, or made in a factory by automated machinery. There is no great mystery to heat treating, sharpening, and finishing the tool steel, this is all fairly simple and documented. Why you see claims of superior cutting performance is to distract the customer or client from poor finish, bad fit, weak or amateur design, or lack of the service aspects of the knife. So, it is not the steel performance that becomes the key here. Otherwise, all knives would look alike, be ground alike, and perform alike, and be made of the same steel, right? So is there more than the steel type and edge sharpness?
Of course there is more, just as there is more to fine handmade knives than there is to factory knives. Just as there is more to fine art than bad art, just as there is more to fine guns, fine jewelry, fine artistic pursuits in every realm. Why is it then that modern knife artists can not be taken as seriously as a fine artist, sculptor, or performer? It is an unusual factor of this tradecraft that I will go into in more depth in my upcoming book.
Do you ever wonder why only blades and specifically cutting edges are the only thing tested? Why is no one testing handle mounting methods, bedding and bonding, bolster construction, fit, finish, balance, or the complex interface of the knife handle with the hand? Why is no one testing sheaths, ever: their potential for security, durability, safety for the user, wear and accessibility options? Why is no one testing stands, cases, or displays? Why is everything, everything of any concern, the cutting edge alone? Could it be that there is more, much more to the knife? Could it be that testing cutting edges is simply a distraction from the rest of the knife which is inferior? More
If you don't understand the difference between simply doing a task and making an investment, you're probably on the wrong website. However, this site is open to all comers and skeptics, and I can only hope that the reader will become educated as to that difference. There is a reason that most fine handmade and custom knives appreciate in value year after year, and are sought after by collector's, users, and knife aficionados. There is a reason that cheap factory knives are cheap, depreciate in value the moment they are purchased, and strive to present themselves by the best cutting performance value alone. There is a reason that factory knives and boutique shop knives are not known for, purchased, and sold for their investment value. When was the last time even the factory itself touted the great investment value of a cheap knife? They don't present their products as investment grade, as worthy of collection or even appreciation of art, because simply, they know what their market is.
To detail the discussion within the simple limitations of performance, please consider this:
Hopefully, you're as sick of these comparisons as I am, but I bet you can add some of your own. The leading thought for the guy who challenges me to make a knife that "outperforms" a $100 cheap piece of junk is this:
It's good to understand that these same critics do not have access to the finer things, and their evaluation is based on photographs and information provided to the general public alone. One might think that this is enough to make a value-based decision, but it is not. The true evaluators are ones who not only have the public information about the knife, but also have an actual understanding of it based on their personal and direct possession of the work. Simply put, they have the knife, and are able to judge it personally, intimately, and as actual users, owners, and clients. They have voted with their money, not just an opinion, and the opinion of a person who has never even touched the knife is worth considerably less. Frankly, a critic's frivolous opinions are insignificant. In my own work, since my knives are not returned, and since most clients go on to order or purchase more knives and projects from me, the depth of their understanding of the value of their judgment can not be questioned by anyone who is not one of them!
My clients vote with their money; get over it.
This is important: I'm in this business to make the best knife I can for your money. Factories are in it to make the most money they can for the cheapest product.
We've all heard about those legendary blades. Born of the Samurai, forged from the mud of mount Fuji, quenched in the torsos of their enemy slaves. It's time some things were set straight. I don't know of anything that has been more hyped than early Japanese steel. The reason steels were folded hundreds of times was to define and clarify the grain, because the grain was so bad to begin with. The reasons blades were made by laminating hard steel over soft steel was because the steels used could not be both hard and tough. Read more details about that at this bookmark on the Blades page. Differential tempering creating the intriguing temper lines (incorrectly called hamon lines) was needed because the steel could not be both hard and tough at the same time, so the cutting edge was left hard while the spine was tempered back.
There are good, finely made knives made by individuals in every country, not just Japan. The interesting thing to note is that there are more Japanese style blades, swords, and knives in the United States of America than are in Japan (John Yumoto, The Samurai Sword). Note that as early as 1958, 70% of the long swords in existence were in the United States of America. I haven't seen any recent data, but I'm certain that the US holds the record for the amount of swords and knives in private hands when compared to every other country in the world. This has more to do with freedom than need, history, culture, or tradition.
Here's an excerpt from my email response to a client interested in why his friend was smitten with Japanese swords and their obviously weak construction:
Japanese swords and steels are full of interest, truly some of the great masters of their time created fine swords in their day. But the steels were poor, thus the many folds, to refine the grain to run along the length of the blade rather than across it. Like a piece of wood, you wouldn't want a staff cut and fashioned across a board's grain rather than along it. This is very simple really, but it's been way-hyped. When they talk about folding, it seems like an immense amount of work, but it really isn't. A simple fold, repeated, becomes 16,384 "folds" (actually layers) after only ten folds. So why not hype it as being "folded" twenty thousand times? Yeah, ten times.
And the hamon line? Differential tempering. Needed because the steels could not be both hard at the edge and flexible at the spine at the same temper. Modern steels can be. An interesting thought would be that if ancient Japanese sword smiths had access to modern tool steels, would they use them? Of course they would, as all of the masters throughout time used the best tools, technology, and techniques that they could! I believed Michelangelo used a pointing frame for sculpting too, but hid it from his contemporaries.
I'm glad you noticed the handles. The total failing of all of even the historic works of Japanese blade smiths are the handles. Birch was popular, covered over with a layer of rayskin applied with fish glue, wrapped with silk cord. Just how durable, strong, resilient, or trustworthy is that? No one will out-and-out say it, but it's a very poor way to handle a knife, sword, or weapon of any kind at any time in history. If it were a really good way, why wouldn't we see it on modern works, like your .45?
Okay so it's all historic, and when I get asked to do this type of handle, I decline. It's been done, it's history, it's a reproduction, and anything I would do would be just a rerun. There are makers though, who thrive on this.
More about this directional grain elongation and arrangement at this link.
Modern tool and die steels are hard and tough, made with the best metallurgy and chemical design we know. That is why industry relies on fine modern tool steels. Ask the company that's making a die to stamp out medical parts for a dialysis machine, machine tools to make the helicopter gears of an HH 60G Pavehawk, or shears to fabricate the sheet metal of a car. They're using high tech, high quality tool steels that have been highly refined, and double poured in a vacuum and high purity environment. They are not using carbon steels, or hand-forged steels, ever. Want water-resistant ball bearings at four and a half times the strength of carbon steels? They're the best we've ever made them, and they're made out of 440C. What are the steels used to make the tough, hard, and wear-resistant dies that stamp out factory knife blades? Why, D2, 440C, ATS-34. Are plain carbon steels used to create high temperature, high wear valve seats, machinery, and cutting blades? No, plain carbon steels are inferior steels: they rust, wear, corrode, and have markedly higher failure rates than high alloy stainless tool steels They are plainly weaker in tensile strength. Their advantage? They are easy to work with, easy to machine, and cheap to make a knife (or anything else) with. And they can be hand-forged in an open furnace, like wrought iron and other decorative pursuits and hobbies. By the way, what people call "wrought iron is, in reality, mild, low carbon steel painted black. They do this to suggest a relationship to a historically valued iron of antiquity. More about the iron of antiquity at this link, detailing how it is different than low carbon (mild) steel, and why people incorrectly do this to make their steel items sound better.
I've got to acknowledge this though: many steel foundries that pour some the best machine grade tool steels are in Japan (some are in Germany and others in India). Good old American technology, used by a foreign country, often with raw materials that we send them...and when I was a kid, "Made In Japan" meant the worst sort of cheap junk you could find. How Japan has benefitted and grown from those days; perhaps we have a lesson to learn from them after all. By the way, the basis for this achievement came from W. Edwards Deming, an American. Do an internet search and read up on what Deming gave our conquered enemies after WWII; it will open your eyes.
Look, there are some decent knives originating from many other countries including Japan. Please don't buy the typical hype of an historic association of ancient Japanese sword smiths with modern mass production factories. There is not a descendant of a Samurai sword maker hammering out that knife blade in a clay-lined forge with humble helpers tending the bellows, quench-water blessed by priests, and weeks of meticulous hand-sharpening with rottenstone. These knives are mass-produced in a factory by automated machinery.Back to Topics
The Inevitable Comparison
If you're buying a cheap knife, that's okay. Cheap knives are a big business worldwide for a reason. People need knives. The issue gets complicated when owners of these cheap knives seek to compare them with fine handmade and custom knives.
No one can seriously expect to compare factory knives with fine handmade and custom knives, and it surprises me that it happens so often. When a person buys a factory knife, it's usually a decision based on economy first, and function second. Factories work hard to create and maintain brand loyalty, and guys fiercely defend their purchases of factory knives, manufactured knives, and boutique shop knives. These guys will go on bulletin boards, knife forums, and any public venue they can to defend their purchases.
There is simply no comparison between the fine construction, unique materials, and craftsmanship that exists in well-made knives individually crafted by a knife maker who has mastered his trade. Every successful individual knife maker makes a knife that is superior to factory knives, or he wouldn't be in business very long. If he's been in business a long time, it's a pretty good indicator that he makes an excellent knife and runs a good business. If it is his full time professional job, and completely supports his family, he's serious about the knives he makes. If he's been successfully making knives for decades, he knows knives. No one has lucky breaks for decades.
One can also argue that a factory that has been in business for a long while is also successful, and knows their market. Otherwise, they would be out of business. The differences are in the market. While factories are geared for economy and volume, a custom individual maker is geared toward extremely high quality.
The knife factory typically makes thousands and thousands of mass-produced knives. Rather than a passion, their industry is simply a business of manufacturing. Manufacturers are governed by the bottom line.
When carefully considered, these comparisons translate to a simple personal statement:
I'm in this business to make the best knife I can for your money.
Factories are in it to make the most money they can for the cheapest product.
It's funny to read how this statement (used in several places on my site) itself has become the target of attack. Guys read what they want to into it, claiming it means something else; that it is some perverted attack on factories when I'm in the same business as they are... really?
So, in my commitment to education in this field, I will slowly and clearly explain so there is no misunderstanding of what the words mean. That factory is not going to take the time to do this for you; they have no commitment to service in their own industry. But I do, and that is why you are able to read what I'm writing here. Read more about service on my six points at this bookmark.
"I'm in this business to make the best knife I can for your money." This seems pretty clear. I am a professional; this is my business; a client exchanges money for my product. In exchange, I am committed to make the best knife I can for his money, and have, for decades, done this over, and over, and over. I'm not trying to cheapen his knife by cutting corners, I'm not limited by materials and techniques; I'm not focused on cranking out massive volumes of clones of knives. I'm not cutting corners by using automated machine finishing; I'm not neglecting contouring, shaping, and accessories. I make true custom knives that are directly made to order; I feature hundreds of designs and will fit the knife to my client's own hand, his own purpose, with his own artwork, dedication and even a unique stand or case if he requests it. I do not have an advertising department to pay, I do not have a loss control supervisor, a management team, a labor force, or shareholders that I have to make a profit for. I do not have to gear knives toward sales of a hundred thousand units, I do not buy materials and supplies in bulk. I do not have the overhead of a large facility, I do not have a company softball team. Hell, I don't even have a company song!
How is this different from factories, large or small? If you don't get it yet, please read on:
"Factories are in it to make the most money they can for the cheapest product." Factories are not professionals, they are a factory, a large entity of workers assigned different duties within the company. For instance, an accounting worker could claim he is a professional accountant, but he would not claim to be a professional knife maker. A guy (or gal) who works on the line pushing the button on an automated disc sander that grind-sands 20 blades at once is a professional machine operator, but they are not a professional knife maker. The guy who drops the boxes at the end of the packaging machine is not a professional knife maker, and neither is the head of the company; he's a CEO and owner. What this means is that there is NO communication between a factory and a client: absolutely none based on professional knife making. Just try to reach that CEO and ask for a custom knife; I dare you. Factories have tremendous overhead: facilities, automated equipment, loss control, advertising, labor forces, management, softball teams and rah-rah company events. This overhead has to be paid for; they have to cut corners somewhere in order to make money for their shareholders. Where do they cut? Why, the products, of course, and this is why they don't finish, don't contour, don't offer premium materials, don't offer a variety of designs, use plain steels, don't grind properly, and offer next to nothing in accessories for their product. They must be able to sell knives by hundreds of thousands in order to still make profit, so they direct the knives to the masses. Their idea of custom is a unique number somewhere between 67,895 and 67,897. Get it?
So, if I don't have the overhead that they do, why do my knives cost so much? It's the market. Why does an NBA player get paid so much? Because his work is in high demand, people recognize the value, and can afford it. Why does a studio actor get paid so much, when a community theatre actor does the same thing? Because his work is in high demand, people recognize the value, and can afford it. Why does a successful painter sell his art for so much? Because his work is in high demand, people recognize the value, and can afford it.
To none of these would a blog, forum, or internet flamer complain, but for a knife maker? Well, it's just not right! Because the successful professional knifemaker's work is in high demand, people recognize the value, and can afford it, they offer more. How does this work? Time for some economics 101.
There are simple reasons things cost what they do.
Here is an easy way to understand this:
How do these three factors affect the transaction, the business, and its success?
I could get into the economics and global impact of these, expound upon transaction restrictions and regulations, detail the components of various business models, but this is really enough for most people to understand, even for the complainers who can't seem to see the differences.
The same guys who insist on comparing handmade custom knives with factory or manufactured knives often complain that I'm too hard on factory knives. Is it being too harsh to reveal the truth? The complaints are typically rooted in one of the three factors above.
The demand argument: They just don't understand the demand. Why would my fine handmade custom knives be in high demand? They don't see or acknowledge the multitude of specific knife details made on the hundreds of pages of this website. It's like saying: I don't like Joe NBA player's work, so why would anyone else like his work? Evidently someone does, or he (and I) would be out of business.
The value argument: They don't see the value. To them, a knife is just a blade and handle, something to cut with. They don't value the materials, finish, accessories, embellishment, or execution. Worse, they don't understand a following, an appreciation of those who do understand and value the works I do. It's like a painter whose work you don't care for. You see he has a following (people who value his work) but just don't "get" his work. Evidently, someone recognizes the value of the work, or he (and I) would be out of business.
The means argument: They don't have the means. This is, perhaps, the most persistent (yet unacknowledged) reason. Maybe these guys who defend factory knives have spent their own hard-earned money on them and feel the need to defend their purchases. Maybe they hope that the value of their dollars are well-applied, and they won't be seen as mere consumers of a mass-marketed manufactured product. Perhaps they can't afford a fine handmade knife, so try to berate them while building up the image of their factory knife purchase. This is all part of class warfare between the have and have-nots, and it's based in simple jealousy. Evidently someone has the means or I would be out of business.
When you openly compare factory knives to knives made by well known established knife makers, you open the conversation to reveal the differences in glaring reality. Then, the details are fair game for comment from this (and other) professional knife makers. The most important thing to realize is that:
Factory or manufactured knives depreciate from the moment of purchase.
Fine handmade custom knives from well-known makers appreciate from the moment of purchase.
Though there are a few good knife boutique shops and knife production factories that make a decent product for a modest price, none can compare to finely handmade knives. If there were a valid comparison, you would see factory knives selling for over a thousand dollars each. All custom knife makers would be out of business because of the intense volume of production knife factories. Instead, what you see is custom knife makers with deep backlogs of orders, significantly appreciating values, and high demand. When was the last time a knife manufacturer put a client on a one, two, or three year wait?
I read in an Internet post once that the writer believed factories excel over custom makers because they have quality control inspectors and trained metallurgists. Evidently, the guy who wrote this has never had any contact with a real production factory. Quality control in factories is a woman sitting at the end of a line, looking for a bent or discolored blade coming out of the end of an automatic tumbling machine which is used to put the finish on two hundred blades at once. Quality control inspectors look for workers who slow up the production line, cost the company money, and are safety hazards that bump up their insurance rates. They look for ways to make more profit while spending less on the product. No one is sitting at the end of the line with a ten-power magnifier scanning the grinds, looking for hairline cracks and uneven grind lines or a flaw in the finish.
A good custom maker constantly examines all the facets of each individual knife, comparing how his operations and results interact with each other, improving his skill and execution on every single knife. Though he is concerned with safety and loss control, he does not pay for or pass on these expenses to his clients. If a change is needed in his studio or shop, he makes it, without review by the safety department, analysis by the accounting department, and companywide education plans and schemes initiated by the training department.
And trained metallurgists? Please. Just like individual knife makers, knife factories do not smelt their own ore, forge their own blades, and many do not even do their own heat treating. No knife factory is going to be bothered with someone analyzing tool steels when the exact methods of steel alloy composition, heat treatment, and usage are carefully and clearly prescribed by the steel manufacturer.
These hyped-up concepts of high quality factory work are pervasive in every industry, and they're promoted by industries that want you to think that they are more than they really are. I spent 15 years in industry; you can read about my background here. I know how factories, plants, and production facilities are run: low budget, low quality, with lots of hype and advertising. Get as many units as possible of the product out the door as fast as possible with as little investment as possible. Cut corners on safety, health insurance, retirement, and quality left and right to save a buck. If you think you know how bad industry is, talk to someone who's spend 15 years there, and they'll probably tell you it's a lot worse than you imagined. They even give bonuses for workers who figure out how to cut corners! If the unions let them, that is...
You often get just what you pay for, and sometimes a great deal less. A good custom knifemaker will understand and be able to illuminate the difference and advantages of his knives and knife making skill compared to both other makers and factories. The points listed below and on other areas of this site will help you get the facts from my perspective. Some readers may disagree with my concepts and opinions, but after about 40 years of making fine custom and handmade knives, and about 30 years as a full time professional knifemaker to the military, counterterrorism units, police, collectors, and professional knife users, this is what I have learned.
Look, there are many decent factory knives, suitable for many uses. Factories have had many years to determine what makes a knife attractive and saleable, and what makes the knife buyer have loyalty to the factory. Not all factory knives are junk, just most of them. And none of them are better than custom knives by well known makers. If you need a cheap, junky knife to use and abuse, without concern for quality or value, you can buy the latest popular factory knife and that will work okay for you. But if you buy knives like that, you're probably not even reading this...
Please remember this simple, clear fact: knives by custom makers appreciate after they're purchased, and factory knives immediately depreciate.
Hello Mr. Fisher,
As the title of this email already says, each time I am visiting your website (daily :) ) I become even more and more impressed.
You are for sure the best knifemaker alive and not only for your gorgeous work but also for your vast knowledge.
Any visitor, no matter of his profession will definitely find in your website a reason to go further, to learn more and to improve reaching for perfection. I never tried to find a fault in your work as I am sure it would be a waste of time, the way you are judging things, the sack of knowledge behind each and every thing you make is enough to know that you are facing a very fine educated man and craftsman.
I simply adore your courage to face and combat the lies promoted by the huge "sharks" on the market, never seen this before and maybe I will never see it again; it requires arguments, self trust and motivation for the good of the customers. Once again thank you very much for all your efforts to share your vast knowledge with us! May God bless you for long and peaceful years in the Enchanted Spirits Studio! :) All the best,
Factories are limited by their process.
Artists are limited by their vision.
It's often said that you get what you pay for. If you're looking for a cheap knife, that's okay; this is probably not the website you should be looking at. For those who insist on comparison and a quick education into the differences between manufactured knives and knives by well-known custom knife makers, here are some points to chew on:
You can now see these two styles of knives at their storefront. but they are actually naturally-made patterns formed during the production.
To understand the type of product we're buying in today's world, it's important to know what the best kitchen knife brands stand for, what they're good at, and how experienced they are. The list below includes many of the globe's top knife manufacturers. Some of them have been around for hundreds of years and others are mere toddlers in the knife making field. Many of them make knives of very high quality, including some that are hand-made, while others pride themselves and producing an affordable product for the masses.
It's true that materials, processes, and customer reviews are an integral part of the kitchen knife buying process. You can read all about that in our buying guide for each individual style of knife. But to truly understand the best brand of kitchen knives, we needed a place to dive deeper and compare these great companies, many of which have made knives the same way for over a century!
First we'll cover several of the top kitchen knife brands, where they're from, and what they are known for. If you're interested in more information, you can follow through to a more detailed review of each particular brand's knife models. At the bottom of the page, we've also provided links to some head-to-head brand comparison pages that we've designed around popular queries.
The cost and the fear of getting it wrong can be stressful but don't worry, we're here to help you figure it all out and get you a knife so sharp your onions will cry in fear.
Let's cover one the biggest fears first - a good knife is an investment and we appreciate that it's a considered purchase so we do all we can to help ease any concerns when you're hovering over that "buy now" button.
When you buy a Japanese knife, you're buying something you should be able to use for the rest of your life if you look after it.
When we decide what to sell on the site, we look at knives we'd only be happy using ourselves and would personally recommend. It's why we don't have hundreds of ranges.
Everything on the site is of a quality we love and stand by so you can be assured that any of the knives you like the look of are of a high standard and if for any reason you're not happy after your purchase, we also offer a 30 day money back promise.
We often get asked for a recommendation and we nearly always give the same answer if a customer doesn't have a specific style or budget in mind or they're after a general use chef knife and that's to buy something from the Masakage Yuki range.
If you're looking for something a little more specific or want to view everything we sell on a single page then
Visit our product picker page
It's worth bearing in mind that because nearly all of the knives on the site are handmade in small forges by one or two blacksmiths and as such supply is not guaranteed and when a knife has sold out it can sometimes take months to restock.
If you're keen on a particular knife don't leave it too long to buy it because it might be gone and in the case of some ranges for several months or more.
Start with one good kitchen knife and build your knife set/collection from that.
We typically recommend a "Santoku" or "Gyuto" knife as a first purchase if you're looking for an all rounder with a blade usually around 6-7 inches long, it's not too big or small and so is usually the one knife type you'll use daily.
We have a whole page devoted to which knives you really need but in short the order you should be buying are Chef, Paring and optionally a Santoku (that's pronounced "san-too-koo", it's a Japanese style of knife and pretty handy at chopping veg and meat), carving and bread knife.
Learn more about the various styles of knives.
We've all owned a "supermarket special" kitchen knife in our life, the one that stays sharp for about two meals. Don't judge all knives by these, real kitchen knives are in a completely different league.
Knife steel has come on leaps and bounds in recent years, the new steels are simply amazing for making knives and we really mean it, they really will make you say "holy sh*t" when you first use them.
Ones to look out for are VG-10, Powder Steel and High Carbon steels. Why are they so good? They take and hold an edge better and simply put, we are all lazy at heart, we don't want to keep sharpening knives every time we use them. The newer steels are made from super hard steel that simply does not blunt as fast, you can go months between sharpening your knives.
Perfect for us lazy home cooks who already have too much on our plates. These steels simply stay really sharp for much longer, that's why we sell them.
Learn more about the types of steel
How a knife looks should be the last thing you buy a knife for, but that being said, a good looking knife is a real treat. As we've picked only awesome knives feel free to pick a pretty one and buy it safe in the knowledge it will be a great performer.
Let us make this easy. No kitchen knife should be put in the dish washer. Wipe them clean, dry and store them after each use. Simple.
When it comes to storing and protecting your knife, we suggest a magnetic wooden knife rack. We're exclusive suppliers in the UK of Magblok knife racks which are handmade in the US and come in a range of sizes and woods to compliment your kitchen.
If you're travelling or want to store your knife in a drawer - we'd recommend a wooden saya or blade guard to protect not only the blade but your fingers when you reach for it.
Learn more about ease of care
If you use a knife all day every day then you want a light knife to reduce fatigue. Light knives are a joy to use and so nimble. If you are not a professional though then knife weight really is not an issue, you simply won't be using them long enough to get fatigued in the first place.
If in doubt pick one you like the look of and that will do. Remember we only sell great knives so the choice is easy.
This relates mostly to Chef's knives. This topic is the one that probably gets the most discussion and the most disagreement. As a result we can't really give you a definitive answer.
At the end of the day it comes down to personal preference. How often do you get to try out a selection of the same knife in different sizes to make your mind up? If you're in doubt for your first knife or just a good all rounder, we recommend a middle ground of a 6.5" to 8" inch chef's knife (a "Santoku" or a "Gyuto" typically) which will cover 95% of kitchen jobs.
If in doubt follow this route. However if you are a bit more adventurous we would say it is worth trying a longer knife especially if you hold it the right way using a pinch grip.
There are two main styles to choose from. The traditional Western style we typically know or the Japanese "wa" handle.
Western are the style most of us will be familiar with, full tang (where the blade goes all the way through the handle), often riveted and pretty damn sturdy. You feel like you could fell a tree with one.
The Japanese "wa" handle is light weight and as a result feels like it is barely there. This is a centuries old design and typically when combined with a half tang makes the knife feel significantly lighter and more nimble in your hand.
Japanese handles use a half tang (the blade only goes half way or less into the handle) and as a result are lighter but no less robust for the task in hand, it's a kitchen knife at the end of the day not an axe.
So there you go, that's just about all you need to know. Remember the knives we sell on this site are not mass produced rubbish you might have used in the past. These really will change the way you think about knives, the way you cook and will certainly give you that "Where have you been all my life?" moment that will make you want to tell your friends about.
Seen our high-end handcrafted Japanese knives and wondered why looking for beautiful knives you can actually use and buy, check out a.
Located between Ginza and the Sumida River, Tsukiji is one of the most well-known areas for tourists as well as locals in Tokyo. Although Tsukiji is famous for its delicious fresh seafood, it also holds notable knife shops that support many of the stores in the area!
Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa, a shop specializing in a diverse range of knives, is now in its fifth generation of service, continuing a tradition established over 145 years ago. But what makes Japanese knives and Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa different from the rest?
Date published: 19 December 2017
Last updated: 18 October 2018
Founded in 1872, Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa was originally based in a fish market in Nihonbashi and was relocated to Tsukiji along with most other shops from the market after the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923. Since its relocation it has been servicing many businesses around it and catering to countless knife enthusiasts! Originally specializing in "wa-bocho" (Japanese-style knives), one of the knife makers went to Europe to learn the ways of "yo-bocho" (western-style knives). You can now see these two styles of knives at their storefront. In the cases to the left you will find the wa-bocho, and to the right you will find the yo-bocho. The most distinct differences between the two are easy to spot: Japanese-style knives usually have light-colored, straight, rounded wooden handles, versus the western-style knives which are generally a dark brown or black and feature a slight curve at the end of the handle.
These unique and eye-catching knives look as if they were made to have these beautiful designs on them, but they are actually naturally-made patterns formed during the production process! These knives are created by using layer after layer of material, which can make these shapes on the knife's blade, Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa explains.
Although most knives are now made by machine, Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa is still continuing their tradition by making knives by hand, one by one. Some of their special knives may even take up to a year to make due to the difficult process!
Because of the location, many of the knives being sold are for slicing and cleaning fish. However, there are countless more kinds than just these! There are numerous shapes and sizes of knives being sold at Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa, some of them rather rare and unique pieces! One of these specialty knives created by this shop would be the gigantic maguro bocho, most likely to only be seen in Japan!
A "maguro bocho" is a knife used exclusively for cutting tuna and requires two people to handle it due to its length! Because this tuna cutting knife is so long, it's actually quite flexible. To cut a tuna, normally one person will hold the handle and another will hold the blade (wrapped with a cloth for protection, of course!) and fit it to the shape of the fish to cut it. The flexibility of this lengthy blade ensures that they can get as much meat as possible from the tuna.
Few shops are able to make, let alone sharpen these particular knives. The head of the fifth generation of Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa is one of the only people in Japan who can do this job!
The maguro bocho used in this photo is over 170 centimeters (around 5 feet 6 inches) long!
Keeping in mind these knives can last a lifetime when maintained the right way, choosing the right knife can be challenging! Just looking at the wide variety in the shop can be overwhelming! However, there are of course always factors to think about when searching for the right knife for you.
For example, the shape and weight of the knife can determine what you should cut, how long you can continue cutting (a key factor for people who perhaps own a restaurant or cut things for long periods of time), how long the knife can last, and more.
In addition, the price of a knife can change drastically just based on how it is put together. As you can see in the picture below, the blade on the knife to the left is connected directly to the handle. However, the knife on the right has a prominent bolster (called a tsuba) added for overall durability and weight between the blade and handle. This alone can change a lot! The type of steel used can also cause the price to vary considerably. While the knife on the left is a great knife for at-home use, the knife on the right could really make all the difference for someone who cuts for hours a day!
Another factor that will change the price is the material that the handle is made of. The sturdiness and general quality of the handle can determine how well the knife will perform in the long run. For example, many of the high-grade wa-bocho will use a bolster made from water buffalo horn, while a slightly lower-priced knife's bolster is usually made from plastic.
While it depends on how you intend to use it, those who want a reliable and sturdy knife at home are recommended a "santoku" knife. Meaning "three uses", these triangular-bladed knives are intended for slicing, dicing and mincing. One type of santoku knife, known as "banno hocho" (general-use knife), is designed to cut most food items! These banno hocho are sold at a reasonable price, especially when you consider the quality and effort put into crafting them by hand!
To preserve your knife in the best condition, Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa recommends to always dry your knife right away after cleaning to prevent rusting and to sharpen them properly yourself.
Even though these knives are of the best quality, if not taken care of properly they are susceptible to rusting. This is why they recommend to wipe and dry your knives after you've finished washing them. If you are able to do this, these knives will last much longer!
Be careful though: just because these knives are all-use, Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa's workers strongly advise against cutting hard objects like bones which will depreciate the quality of and damage your blade quickly.
Another thing you should be sure to do is sharpen your knife. Sharpening your knife will help to keep it in the best state possible and of course help for longer use!
The friendly staff, amazing assortment of materials, and unparalleled craftsmanship are unarguably the key to Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa's success. So whether you are just curious about knives or want to purchase a quality knife for use at home or perhaps your own restaurant, this business is definitely worth the visit while in Tsukiji!
* Knife sharpening services are also available for a fee and, depending on season, may take several days to complete.
* Note that the maguro bocho pictured above is typically for display only.
* Lectures or experiences on knife sharpening are also unavailable.
Azuma Minamoto-no Masahisa
Written by Lindsey Schultz
*This information is from the time of this article's publication.
*Prices and options mentioned are subject to change.
*Unless stated otherwise, all prices include tax.
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Far Horizon Charters Inc.
If you're looking to experience the best that the West Coast of Florida and Tampa Bay have to offer, you can't go wrong with Far Horizon Charters Inc. Launching out of renowned John's Pass in Madeira Beach, they have been running charters for over 25 years, and they specialize in sportfishing, spearfishing, and scuba diving.
Captain Michael Nalewicki welcomes you aboard his custom-built 42' Jersey Marine offshore sportfishing yacht powered by twin 450 HP Cummins diesel engines. It's clean, roomy, comfortable, and comes with a spacious cockpit packed with the latest marine electronics and safety gear. The boat also has AC and heating, a restroom and shower, beds, TV, and a galley with a refrigerator and microwave.
On board, you'll also find coolers, a fish box, and a live bait tank. This fishing machine can accommodate 6 anglers – depending on the technique, customers will either fish at the same time or take turns. Kids of all ages are welcome, parents should just bring life jackets for kids under 5.
You should arrive at the location 15 minutes prior to departure. The captain will then take you exploring the bite of these bountiful offshore waters, as well as productive reef and wreck areas. You'll be bottom fishing and trolling for the likes of Snapper, Amberjack, Barracuda, Sharks, Jack Crevalle, Hogfish, Kingfish, Grouper, and more. Spearfishing is also an option if you bring your own gear.
All other fishing gear (mostly by Penn), live bait, lures, and fishing licenses will be covered by the charter. After the trip is done, the first mate will gladly clean and bag your catch, so 15–20% tips are recommended. Soft drinks and snacks are provided – you should just bring your own lunch.
Far Horizon Charters Inc. will take care of everything else and make sure you go home with brag-worthy stories!
Fishing License
Live Bait
You Keep Catch
Catch cleaning & filleting
Child Friendly
Air Conditioning
Ice Box
Rods, reels & tackle
Food (Snacks)
About the Captain
|ID & License verified
|Response time within an hour
|Member since April 2019
About this listing
Targeted Species
Boat Specs
Jersey Marine (Offshore sport fishing) originally built in 1980, and restored in 2014. Powered by 2 450HP Cummins engines, with a maximum cruising speed of 32 knots.
Types of Fishing
Fishing Techniques
Trip Includes
When paying the remaining balance with a credit card, there is a 3.5% fee.