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The top icon of fashion design, Elsa Schiaparelli was born on September 10, 1890, in Italy. After working at a boutique in New York, Schiaparelli moved to Paris, where she began designing her own clothes. Her work and sense of style shaped the look of fashion in the 1920s and '30s, and her clothes were worn by some of the world's most famous women, including American actress Greta Garbo. Schiaparelli died in Paris on November 13, 1973.
Talented and charismatic, he soon drew the attention of VIP's in the fashion world; they appreciated his chic knitwear and his creativity. Always influenced by art, Gianni Versace drew inspiration from ancient Roman and Greek paintings and sculpture, as well as modern abstracts and Pop Art – producing bold, current designs using color, prints, and careful fitting that accentuated the lines of the body,
Range planning includes the creation of the ratio of garments to be selected in any given collection. For example, a basic range plan may be formed of four skirts, three trousers, six tops, two jackets and two dresses in three colour ways. Every collection needs a breakdown of units (garments) to enable the looks to be worn with enough combinations. If more volume sales come from tops it makes knowledge to supply more of these when editing the collection.
One of the reputed & primitive style-diva and is the most esteemed Indian-designer. Her dressing line has a diversity from traditional to the western! For the first time in India, she introduced the culture of "boutique" under the name of "Ritu", Ritu has developed a unique style of her own depicting the Indian-ancient-traditions! Her outfits are worn throughout the world.
In 1966 Paco Rabanne opened his own outlet at the age of 32, where he earned international repute for his metal-linked plastic-disc dresses, sun goggles and jewelry made of plastic in primary colors. Paco Rabanne's dresses made of small plastic tiles linked together by chains, stole the show in Paris. His first collection, titled "12 Unwearable Dresses in Contemporary Materials," sums up his philosophy that "the only new frontier left in fashion is the finding of new materials." Throughout his career, Rabanne experimented with everything from plastic and aluminum to fiberglass and paper to create futuristic, eccentric, yet highly influential garments.
The first true "Chanel suit" was produced in 1925; Coco used chains to weigh down the fabric, so that it hung "just so". She favored ornamentation such as ribbons, pretty buttons, and ropes of pearls. Her feminine touches added style and impact to her wearable designs; in fact, even vintage Chanel designs remain remarkably timeless and easy to wear.
When all of the designs are completed and set out the financial parameters then range planning is required. A range plan is an overview of your total design collection like from how many styles you will have, to what fabrics and colour ways will be used. It is used before you start into large scale production. It is extremely useful for you to follow as a designer. But most importantly it gives buyers a clear conception of your vision.
Half-way garments are an alternative to ready-to-wear, "off-the-peg", or prêt-à-porter fashion. Half-way garments are intentionally unfinished pieces of clothing that encourages co-design between the "primary designer" of the garment, and what would usually be considered, the passive "consumer"[5]. This differs from ready-to-wear fashion, as the consumer is able to participate in the process of making and co-designing their clothing. During the Make{able} workshop, Hirscher and Niinimaki found that personal involvement in the garment-making process created a meaningful "narrative" for the user, which established a person-product attachment and increased the sentimental value of the final product.[5]
In the City of Light, during the years from 1927 to 1940, Schiaparelli's reputation for daring designs grew steadily. Soon, Parisians developed a passion for her unusual dresses, sweaters, and accessories. Her signature style always encompassed some whimsical elements, such as lobster motifs or skeleton ribs and bones (made with trapunto quilting); however, the construction of the garments themselves was often quite strict and tailored…this dichotomy made for original pieces that were often "knocked off" by other designers.
BEST DRESS TRENDS 2019 BRANDS Casual wear for women Christmas dress ideas Cocktail dresses Dress trends 2019 Dress Trends 2020 Evening gowns fashion accessories Fashion trends 2019 Fashion Trends 2020 Juniors clothing Kids clothing Maternity clothes Men's fashion 2019 Men's formal dresses Mens designer clothes Mens jeans Sexy dresses for women Suits for Women Swimwear for women Teen girls clothing Wedding dresses for bride Women's lingerie Women dresses Women fashion 2019 Women's plus size clothing
Fashion is the niche that is undergoing significant changes with time. 20th century has witnessed some great enhancements in both women and men apparels. These significant changes have happened due to the work of some icons in the fashion industry. There are so many popular names among these fashion designers who are still known due to their incredible contributions to the fashion industry. They have really made elegant and creative clothing that could reveal the beauty of a women in the most amazing manner. The apparels of men also were striking and which could bring out the manly look in any man. Here are the most popular fashion designers. They have set standards which can be followed by the designers of the new era. These great individuals are always immortal in the fashion industry. These names are much familiar for all the individuals who are related with the fashion industry.
Son of Russian working class immigrants, Ralph Lauren has transformed himself into the sophisticated billionaire. His classic and preppy designs all draw upon an image of old world wealth and luxury, and he pioneered the concept of clothes as part of a lifestyle environment. Lauren worked in retail before developing a line of neckties. The brand he established, Polo, is now one part of an empire that includes fragrances, home furnishings and luxury clothing. Today, his five billion dollar business includes several clothing lines as well as perfumes, house ware, furniture and paint.
Edited's data plays into the trend too. The analysts saw a rise in ultra-feminine themes with floral patterns being particularly key. Out of the total floral-print offering, 40% of the items were dresses in both the UK and the U.S. Some of our personal favourites? Paco Rabanne (especially when paired with a cute cardigan), Prada (so many different, weird and wonderful takes on a very classic idea) and Richard Quinn (literally every editor cried at his show because the jaw-dropping dresses combined with live music from Freya Ridings was just too much beauty to handle).
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To get attractive design, the feel, handle and texture of fabrics is most essential. Fashion is a visual medium; so touch becomes increasingly important to express luxury looks at the fashion market. Textile technologists have made great improvements in the sensual aspects of fabric like how it feels, looking and behaves, in addition to treatments that can affect the look and feel of garments after they are made, for example, washes and abrasions.
The good news for fashion trends 2019 autumn jackets is that there are no limitations for the styles of jackets. They can easily be bomber jackets, ski style sporty ones, even windbreakers. The freedom of choice is at your disposal. As long as you feel comfortable in your womens jacket 2019 and are able to create a style of your own, you will be looking amazing.
According to Edited, a rise in jewelled heels and Mary Janes alike aligned with the overarching trend for more "feminine apparel." The movement has been translated in many ways, from Sies Marjan's crystal-strapped courts to more kitsch jewel-dotted pumps at Moschino. Often spotted with tights and socks, you're definitely looking at this coming season's party shoes du jour.
Inspiration board is a references and research framework for your design. Designer collects different inspirational images, words, and objects (fabric, colour, textures,trims, paint chips, packaging, etc.) that are organize and keep at hand as a reference for starting a fashion design. It can be made in the form of a paper poster, a bulletin board, a digital graphic, or a video.
So many fashion houses have adopted certain features for clothing, which later on become their business cards. It seems simple at first sight, but looking into it, we realize that those are the characteristics that make those brands stand out. Examples of such can be the following: black and red lace in Dolce and Gabbana collections, expressive asymmetry in Antonio Berardi clothes and so on.
As a rule, world's famous fashion designers have their place in the fashion industry for a long time. Each of them has a luxury fashion house with their admirers, as well as characteristic iconic images, seen in all collections. Coco Chanel with her tweed suit or Valentino with his striking red dresses, the best fashion designers clothing are credited only those who created his own distinctive style, which entered the history of fashion. Here 10 people awarded with the title of "best."
If there could be such a thing as Big Dress Energy, the A/W 19 runways were absolutely chock-full of it. Avant garde eveningwear has become a focus for many brands, both those known for their elaborate after-dark looks (say, Rodarte) and those who are usually more casual (Y/Project). It's all about volume, drama, embellishment, rich colours, and as much satin and tulle as you can get your hands on. Sure, the hyped-up and hugely Instagrammable frilled dress explosions created by Tomo Koizumo won't literally slide effortlessly into your wardrobe, but the mantra of more is more will definitely influence the party season.
Hubert de Givenchy was born to an aristocratic family in Beauvais, France, in the 20's. After attending art school, he worked for several important fashion designers in Paris. He opened his own design house in 1952 and was immediately praised for his chic, feminine designs. He is known for his elegant haute couture designs and professional relationships with clients like Audrey Hepburn.
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The ethnic Indian wear isn't only for the Indians any longer. Wear your saree with an advanced turn, and wrap it like an outfit. Hotshot those bends in the styles that are shaking the slope, or bring back the old present day style of Mumtaz. Still insufficient? Toss in a coat, a harvest top, a tube, or anything that gets your favor, set up of the exhausting old pullover, and include a radical new, particular measurement to the conventional 9 yards. Include a belt. Make a flat out combination to possess the saree-clad look this year.
Inquiring for my daughter. Where is the best Fashion Merchandise Marketing school in Sacramento and San Francisco area? Whenever I goggle these schools, some say Institute of Art in Sacramento, and some say FIDM, and others. I'm so confused I have no idea, which is the best college for my money. I have decided to go to American River College to get my Associates, and then I have no idea where to continue my fashion degree.
I don't think I've ever seen so many trends! The autumn/winter 2019 fashions are, to say the least, varied, vast and very much going to suit your style, whatever that may be. If you're a minimalist, there's much to love. If you're a maximalist, this is an epic time for you too. If you like colour, great. If you hate colour, fabulous! Want to dress like you're permanently at a party? That's an entirely legitimate planned, backed by many big industry hitters, including Marc Jacobs and Versace.
Son of Russian working class immigrants, Ralph Lauren has transformed himself into the sophisticated billionaire. His classic and preppy designs all draw upon an image of old world wealth and luxury, and he pioneered the concept of clothes as part of a lifestyle environment. Lauren worked in retail before developing a line of neckties. The brand he established, Polo, is now one part of an empire that includes fragrances, home furnishings and luxury clothing. Today, his five billion dollar business includes several clothing lines as well as perfumes, house ware, furniture and paint.
The people who prefer this are the ones who require everything at best quality. Nothing satisfies them if it is not worth the trouble. They often look for styles that make a statement on the quality, polished manner and culture. Most of them are the ones who are from higher status and are also in a way related to how a businesswoman would dress up. Sophisticated can be characterized as businesswoman minus the formal look. Culture and luxury mean the most to the people who choose this style of fashion.


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Download Free Mp3 Title Song of Love Games(2016)
Title Song of Love Games Mp3 song free download from the movie Love Games(2016)
Download free Mp3 Title song of Love Games(2016) in good quality.
Title song of Love Games Movie (2016) is sung in the soulful voice of the singer Aanchal Shrivastava. The song is composed by Sangeet-Siddharth Haldipur and lyrics made by Kausar Munir.
Love Games (Hindi) movie featuring Gaurav Arora, Patralekha in the lead role. And directed by the well known director Vikram Bhatt. Download the complete Title Song of Love Games(2016) below.
You can also see the video of Love Games Title song here.
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Are Abs Made in the Gym or the Kitchen? Here's Our Final Word on the Debate
New Year's Eve is far behind us, which only means one thing – you are ready to get in shape. One of your main goals is to shed off the fat in and around your tummy or to finally tone your abdominal muscles.
And to achieve your abs-toning goal for this year, you have just found the best exercise plan online which you plan to follow every day because that's the best way to get the desired six-pack, right?
Working Hard = Hardly Working?
Not quite as you imagined. When you do the same exhausting exercises every single day, you are causing more harm than good to your body. Astrid Swan, a certified fitness trainer, says that every time people do exercises, they cause micro-tears in their muscles that take time to heal. "Our muscles need time to heal, and as they heal, they grow and we can see the results," claims Swan.
By doing the same exercises every day or every other day, and working on the same body part, people won't see any results and get fit. Moreover, when you stick to that same fitness plan and follow it every day, you will cause an overuse injury in your muscles and you will be prone to plateau as well. Moreover, your abdominal muscles are just like any other muscle found in your body, so giving them some time to heal and grow as a result of that is crucial. Swan adds, "When I do abdominal exercises, I like to experiment, and then I give my abs some time to recover."
Get to the core
One of the most things to do to get a flat tummy with prominent abs is core exercises. These exercises are an essential part of the flat stomach and abs equation. Every man and woman who is working on their abdominals should exercise their core not only for the sake of abs, but also to improve their posture and balance.
Core exercises are also recommended to people who have problems with back pain. But like most things in the world of fitness, too much of anything can bring harm. All the benefits of exercising your core muscles can revert, back to its original form, if overused, with muscle imbalance and posture problems being the most significant.
Eat right to sculpt your abs
Core training and doing a variety of ab exercises aren't the two sole precursors to chiseled abdominals. The missing part of the puzzle is a proper diet. According to Swan, picture-worthy abs are made in your kitchen and not in the gym. That's why it's important to learn what foods can help you build that toned six-pack.
So, what are the foods that one should be eating to develop abdominals worth sharing on social media?
Well, there are a plenty of "ab-friendly" foods that will help you pave your way toward a chiseled six-pack. Some of the foods to include in your diet while trying to achieve a flat tummy and hot abs include eggs, bananas, green tea, whole wheat pasta, lean poultry, legumes, whole wheat bread, quinoa, black beans, cherries, and chocolate milk.
The most important food of them all, however, is lean poultry. This food is loaded with proteins and other nutrients that will help you build your whole musculoskeletal system. Consider combining lean poultry meat with low-fat dairy products, vegetables, and lots of fruits, as that will help you get the desired results in no time.
Supplements, vitamins, and devices that promise to help people get a six-pack should be avoided because they are just a scam. The only thing that will allow you get chiseled abdominal muscles is you.
So what's the best way to see the results and show the world what you have? Fitness trainers from world over suggest balancing healthy foods with a strength training and cardio exercises.
It is recommend that you work out hard five times a week, taking a day between for a lighter workout and a full day of rest. You should work out hard and then let the body recover. You will see results faster and be happier with your efforts from working out!
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PROGRID890 Datasheet
1. 890-960 18.5 12 30 25 200 67.5 38 39.5 6.4 160 100 75 Operating Frequency (VSWR ≤ 1.5) MHz Nominal Gain (dBi) Horizontal Beamwidth (Deg-3dB) Vertical Beamwidth (Deg-3dB) Front To Back Ratio (dB) Power Rating (W) Length (inches) Height (inches) Antenna Weight (lbs.) Cross Sectional Area (Max. Ft ²) Lateral Thrust at 100mph (lbs.) Rated Wind Velocity (mph) Rated Wind Velocity with 1/2'' radial ice (mph) ANTENNA SPECIFICATIONS The PRO-GRID890-18-N4 is designed to meet the demanding requirements of a professional grade, half parabolic antenna . This antenna provides 18.6 dBi gain across the operating range of 890-960 MHz with a VSWR of 1.5:1 or less. This rugged unit is manufactured using only high strength 6061 T6 aluminum; all grid components are fully welded to ensure continuous optimum performance in the most severe operating conditions. The grid is shipped fully assembled. The directive feed element is easily installed and permits either Vertical or Horizontal polarization. (A selection of tuned feed elements is available, providing a choice of different operating frequencies utilizing the common grid. Contact Sales for your specific application requirements) The design incorporates a 5' integral feed cable allowing ease of installation and ensuring long-term dependability. The antenna is finished with black powder coat to protect against environmental degradation. 890-960 MHz PROFESSIONAL GRADE GRID PROGRID890-18 WaveL i nk ™ Antenna Systems Inc. ™ Antenna Systems Inc. WaveL i nk Phone: 1 800.805.6922 (Toll Free USA & Canada) Visit us online at WavelinkAntenna.com PROGRID890-18 is equipped with a standard feed line length of 5' LMR400 UltraFlex cable and N-Female connector. Please contact our sales staff for alternate connector requirements. Includes mounting brackets C1013 (2 included)
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  How To Lose Weight Fast - Just Got Easier - Weight Loss
- A Very Interesting Topic You Need To Know, Negative Calories.
You truly must use negative calories all the time. Its like achieving Quickest Way To Lose 40 Pounds z3x and how to lose weight fast for free. This is sooo simple.
You may not have thought of it, but eating burns calories, while you eat. You body has to consume calories in order to accomplish eating and digesting. Now think about this. What if you eat a food that has fewer calories than it requires to digest it? Going forward with Quickest Way To Lose 40 Pounds z3x and how to lose weight fast , we need to know this.
There is a storehouse of calories in the fat and they can be harnessed for this digestion. Yes, a bit of a surprise. Consider this important process now. By eating, you were using up stored fat.
If you have too many or not the right kind of snacks, that alone can cause you to gain fat on your body. But if you eat negative calorie foods as your snacks, imagine what would happen. Go for the negative calorie foods and get the great weight loss benefits from them.
Popular examples in negative calorie foods as regards snacks are celery and carrots.
- How Hormones And Muscles Are Involved With Getting Rid Of Fat.
Folks, let us discuss how to burn fat. When your body is working, the metabolism is running. Energy, namely calories are required. Your fat can supply those needed calories. When you muscles are working, then by definition the metabolism is going. This is key for Quickest Way To Lose 40 Pounds z3x and how to lose weight fast . You cannot be a couch potato and succeed at this. If you do not use your muscles you will lose them. You will lose muscle mass. Use them! Muscles want to be worked. Muscles are for working because they like working. Its more than just burning fat, for using your muscles will pump up your energy too. Did you know that?
The brain release certain hormones to regulate the body functioning. Some of these hormones are involved with using up the fat stores. The question is, how to get these hormones flowing to start the job of fat burning? There is no magic. Its just food. Yes you heard that correctly. Food.
It's a percentage game. Certain foods must be high percentage and others low. Make proteins high and carbohydrates medium or even lower.
- How Many Calories To Burn To Lose One Pound Of Fat.
Burning a certain number of calories will result in losing a certain amount of your weight. So let us look into this specifically for Quickest Way To Lose 40 Pounds z3x and how to lose weight fast . It is all in your hands now. Focus on this in order to lose weight. By burning 3500 calories, you will be losing one pound of body weight. We are talking about burning your stored fat, 3500 calories worth. Understand?
We are going to pick a number of calories burned in a day. We will make that number, 2000. We need to talk now about how much you are eating in a day. Say that it is 2000 calories. Now if you reduce your eating to 1500 calories daily, this means that you will burn 500 calories from stored fat in your body, daily.
In just a week you will have lost 3500 calories worth of fat, 7 time 500 is 3500. Put this all together and it means, one pound of fat removed in a week. Now you have lost 4 pounds in 1 month. Keep this going for a years time and you lost 52 pounds of fat.
When you put on weight, it often is the case that it happens slowly. Weight loss can be accomplished just the same, slow and steady wins the race. Lose weight slowly. Fast diets usually do not work. Do this gradually. Take it easy.
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Town Offices and Library opening at 10 am today
Delayed opening due to winter storm
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Based on road conditions and to allow DPW to maintain focus on roads we are posting a delayed opening of 10am today. We are sorry for any inconvenience. Please be careful driving.
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Research Programmes Overview
Part of Oncode's research budget is earmarked for targeted research-support programmes. Oncode Investigators will be able to make use of these funds for the purpose of promoting translational and clinical connections and enhancing individual projects and personal development. Funds will not be distributed equally among the OIs but will be allocated to plans that will help to fulfil Oncode's objectives. Examples of these programmes are listed below.


text:
Chiral anomaly factory: Creating Weyl fermions with a magnetic field
Not provided.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1535895
- DOE Contract Number:
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review B
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 95; Journal Issue: 16; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- Materials Science; Physics
Citation Formats
Cano, Jennifer, Bradlyn, Barry, Wang, Zhijun, Hirschberger, Max, Ong, N. P., and Bernevig, B. A. Chiral anomaly factory: Creating Weyl fermions with a magnetic field. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.161306.
Cano, Jennifer, Bradlyn, Barry, Wang, Zhijun, Hirschberger, Max, Ong, N. P., & Bernevig, B. A. Chiral anomaly factory: Creating Weyl fermions with a magnetic field. United States. doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.161306.
Cano, Jennifer, Bradlyn, Barry, Wang, Zhijun, Hirschberger, Max, Ong, N. P., and Bernevig, B. A. Sat .
"Chiral anomaly factory: Creating Weyl fermions with a magnetic field". United States. doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.161306.
title = {Chiral anomaly factory: Creating Weyl fermions with a magnetic field},
author = {Cano, Jennifer and Bradlyn, Barry and Wang, Zhijun and Hirschberger, Max and Ong, N. P. and Bernevig, B. A.},
abstractNote = {Not provided.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevb.95.161306},
journal = {Physical Review B},
issn = {2469-9950},
number = 16,
volume = 95,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {4}
Other availability
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Works referenced in this record:
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Discovery of a Three-Dimensional Topological Dirac Semimetal, Na3Bi
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Weyl Semimetal Phase in Noncentrosymmetric Transition-Metal Monophosphides
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The Crystal and Electronic Structures of Cd 3 As 2 , the Three-Dimensional Electronic Analogue of Graphene
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- Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 9
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Weyl Semimetal in a Topological Insulator Multilayer
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Evidence for the chiral anomaly in the Dirac semimetal Na3Bi
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Negative magnetoresistance in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
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The Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly and Weyl fermions in a crystal
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- Physical Review B, Vol. 21, Issue 10


text:
Copyright 2019 Hubbard Radio Washington DC, LLC. All rights reserved. This website is not intended for users located within the European Economic Area.
Two outs when winning run scored.
a-walked for Gonzalez in the 5th. b-walked for Mathis in the 6th. c-popped out for Montero in the 7th. d-walked for Albers in the 7th. e-hit by pitch for Martin in the 8th.
E_Moustakas (8), Grandal (5). LOB_Texas 11, Milwaukee 8. 2B_Hiura (13), Braun (22), Pina (5). HR_Pence (17), off Gonzalez; Forsythe (7), off Faria; Andrus (9), off Hader; Thames (16), off Clase. RBIs_Andrus (55), Pence (54), Forsythe 2 (38), Hiura (31), Braun (53), Grandal 2 (58), Pina (18), Thames (44). SB_DeShields 3 (15), Santana (13), Cain (13).
Runners left in scoring position_Texas 5 (Santana 2, Calhoun 2, Forsythe); Milwaukee 6 (Braun 2, Grandal, Grisham 2, Perez). RISP_Texas 0 for 5; Milwaukee 3 for 9.
Runners moved up_Grisham. GIDP_Cain, Grisham.
Insight by Dell Technologies and Intel: Federal technologists explore the challenges with the handling and analysis of video data in this exclusive executive briefing.
DP_Texas 2 (Santana, Andrus, Montero), (Forsythe, Andrus).
Inherited runners-scored_Sampson 3-1, Martin 2-0, Claudio 3-1. HBP_Hader 2 (Kiner-Falefa,Calhoun). WP_Gonzalez, Claudio.
Umpires_Home, Stu Scheurwater; First, Alan Porter; Second, Mark Wegner; Third, Jim Reynolds.
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text:
Technetium-99m Market - Positive long-term growth outlook 2024
Global companies are increasingly focusing on growing market economies (GME) and Latin America and the Middle East and Africa appear to be bright spots in the overall technetium-99m market. Key features in these regions include a largely underserved population, especially in central Africa and the Middle East, and the advent of favorable policies toward the growth of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy. Moreover, the changing disease profile in the Middle East has led to an increased focus on cancer studies.
The opportunity in the Middle East and Africa technetium-99m market was pegged at US$273.3 mn in 2015 and is projected to be worth US$636.1 mn by 2026, expanding at a CAGR of 8.1% therein.
This 253 page report gives readers a comprehensive overview of the Technetium-99m Market. Browse through 46 data tables and 176 figures to unlock the hidden opportunities in this market: http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/technetium-99m-market.html
In terms of isotopic application, the technetium-99m market has been divided into SPECT and gamma camera. Gamma camera is expected to be the most attractive isotopic application segment in terms of incremental opportunity. However, the segment is projected to lose market share by 2024, to account for 54.5% by the end of the forecast period.
The hospitals end-user segment accounted for the major share in the MEA technetium-99m market in 2015. Hospitals are the most preferred settings for medical imaging in countries in the Middle East due to the availability of a large number of facilities as compared to other segments such as diagnostic centers. However, the hospitals end-user segment is expected to lose a significant market share to the diagnostic centers segment during the forecast period.
Get accurate market forecast and analysis on the Technetium-99m Market. Request a sample to stay abreast on the key trends impacting this market: http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=14858
On the basis of geography, Turkey accounted for a 20.5% share in the MEA technetium-99m market in 2015. Turkey is expected to retain its dominance throughout the course of the forecast period owing to the presence of a large population pool affected by cancer. These patients have been availing several diagnostic solutions and this is expected to drive the technetium-99m market in the country.
Egypt is also a key market for technetium-99m in the Middle East and Africa. The growth of the market in the country can be attributed to the presence of world-class healthcare facilities, research organizations, and government institutes focused on making quality diagnosis available for every individual suffering from cancer and tumors. Egypt also has a large population base, which serves as a key factor driving the technetium-99m market.
Developing countries such as Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Iran represent a significant underserved market.
General Electric Company, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., Siemens Healthineers, Advanced Cyclotron Systems, Inc., and IBA are some of the key players operating in the MEA technetium-99m market.
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Full Tilt Addictiveness With Dot Worlds
What had you achieved by the time you were 11-years-old? For me, the year was 1999; I'd managed to kiss a girl behind the bike sheds, get into a decent secondary school, and maybe design a character or two for a comic book epic I had planned. I also had completed Zelda: Ocarina of Time without the aid of the internet, which is no mean feat I assure you, but sadly outside the scope of…Read More


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The Anonymous Heroes (English Dub)
Region 0 (ALL REGION PLAY / NO REGION CODE) - NTSC Format *CUSTOM DVD*
Running Time: 103 mins. approx.
David Chiang
Ti Lung
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Wong Chung
Cheng Miu
Lee Wan Chung
Yeung Chi Hing
Wong Ching Ho
Cheng Lui
Tong Dik
Directed by:
Chang Cheh
Director Chang Cheh and his stars Ti Lung and David Chiang were known as the "Iron Triangle" for their many successful films together. But perhaps they should have been known as the "Iron Rectangle" because of the invaluable contributions of action choreographer Liu Chia Liang. This post Chinese Revolution adventure of rebels battling warlords is a prime example of the quartet's remarkable skill behind and in front of the camera. Their teamwork made this a 1971 top ten hit.
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The foregoing may stimulate interest and discussion. Whether or not it does so I am glad that Lord Montagu recognises, in his fascinating book of automotive lost causes, that "Of the firms who toyed with this impressively lengthy power unit in Britain, only Daimler emerged scatheless." I am glad, because for some time I have been pondering whether, amongst all the magic and legend surrounding the...
Never before has the British Motor Industry been more deserving of publicity. By its contribution to the war effort it most certainly ensured our present Freedom, and the Peace which politicians are making so precarious and comfortless. Nevertheless, seldom has a nation looked more successfully to its export market so soon after the termination of war. And never before has the British Motor...
A section devoted to old-car matters
100 mph from 750 c.c.
As I have pointed out in the review of the book "Morgan Sweeps The Board" by Dr. J. D. Alderson and D. M. Rushton (see page 164) a rather interesting situation arises when we come to think in terms of which was the first car - well, vehicles if you like - to officially exceed 100 m.p.h. with an engine of not more than 750 c.c. capacity....
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Engel & Volkers Mirasierra-Puerta de Hierro (91 049 38 81) presents this majestic house in one of the most traditional and complete urbanizations of Puerta de Hierro. It is a large apartment, equipped with a lot of light because it is all exterior and the garden of the urbanization practically floods the premises as if it were an interior garden. We receive a large distributor hall where we enter a living room with large windows, an office or library and a separate dining room. Carrara marble floors, high-end carpentry and ceilings with molding cases make these rooms a privileged place to live. The fully equipped kitchen with brand new appliances, with service area with bedroom and bathroom, a pantry area and service door. Once we enter the bedroom area we find two of them that share a complete bathroom, with plenty of space for fully dressed and practical closets, and two large en suite bedrooms with separate dressing rooms each, with their bathrooms with Whirlpool tub and separate shower. The whole house renovated very intelligently and with exquisite taste. The house is rented with two parking spaces, depending on the size of the cars would fit up to three. Urbanization with concierge service, gym, swimming pool, community room and large green areas.
Availability upon agreement. This material is based upon information, which we consider reliable, but because third parties have supplied it, we cannot represent that it is accurate or complete, and it should not be relied upon as such. This offering is subject to errors, omissions, and change of price or withdrawal without notice


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The first widely publicized example of online advertising was conducted via electronic mail. On 3 May 1978, a marketer from DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation), Gary Thuerk, sent an email to most of the ARPANET's American west coast users, advertising an open house for a new model of a DEC computer.[5][10] Despite the prevailing acceptable use policies, electronic mail marketing rapidly expanded[11] and eventually became known as "spam."
Salvage and resell. Do you love antiques or have a knack for finding valuables at flea markets or yard sales? If you do, it might be time to consider salvaging items for resale – or even scouting out antiques to sell for a profit. While you'll need to spend quite a bit of time searching for prospects and spend some money buying upfront, you could easily turn a profit if you know what you're doing.
A pop-up ad is displayed in a new web browser window that opens above a website visitor's initial browser window.[31] A pop-under ad opens a new browser window under a website visitor's initial browser window.[24]:22 Pop-under ads and similar technologies are now advised against by online authorities such as Google, who state that they "do not condone this practice".[32]
Web design is a very technical field that requires high literacy in many different kinds of software, including image editing and website architecture programs. A designer should be comfortable with computer "languages" like HTML and stay up to date on new technological developments. The designer is also an artist, so he or she should also have a firm grasp on aesthetics, visual continuity, and image composition.
While there are several platforms for doing this, clearly YouTube is the most popular for doing this. However, video marketing is also a great form of both content marketing and SEO on its own. It can help to provide visibility for several different ventures, and if the video is valuable enough in its message and content, it will be shared and liked by droves, pushing up the authority of that video through the roof.
The Nielsen Global Connected Commerce Survey conducted interviews in 26 countries to observe how consumers are using the Internet to make shopping decisions in stores and online. Online shoppers are increasingly looking to purchase internationally, with over 50% in the study who purchased online in the last six months stating they bought from an overseas retailer.[23]
Cost per mille, often abbreviated to CPM, means that advertisers pay for every thousand displays of their message to potential customers (mille is the Latin word for thousand). In the online context, ad displays are usually called "impressions." Definitions of an "impression" vary among publishers,[58] and some impressions may not be charged because they don't represent a new exposure to an actual customer. Advertisers can use technologies such as web bugs to verify if an impression is actually delivered.[59][60]:59
If you have a propensity for writing and you can slay with your prose, consider writing an ebook. While the market has certainly become saturated as of late, books that help teach people about a technical topic still sell extremely well. This is a great source of passive income but does require a large amount of effort at the outset before any money is generated.
20. Etsy – If you like to create arts and crafts, you can sell them on Etsy.It's completely free to open an Etsy store. You simply sign up, post pictures of your creations and starting selling. You can choose your payment option, but PayPal is generally the easiest. Etsy makes it easy to sell and keep track of your inventory. There is a small listing fee and they take 3.5% of every sale you make.
While there are several platforms for doing this, clearly YouTube is the most popular for doing this. However, video marketing is also a great form of both content marketing and SEO on its own. It can help to provide visibility for several different ventures, and if the video is valuable enough in its message and content, it will be shared and liked by droves, pushing up the authority of that video through the roof.
There are a variety of tasks that you may be asked to perform. This can include delivering documents, delivering food or restaurant meals, taking pictures of a building for a real estate developer, taking pictures of a menu in an upscale restaurant, or even delivering auto-parts. If you have a good working car (or even a good bicycle), time on your hands, and a lot of energy, this can be a real opportunity to make money online.
As well as selling your eBooks, Amazon can also create paperback copies of your book. CreateSpace, an Amazon-owned company, will help you self-publish your book. A relatively straightforward process, you must upload your work to CreateSpace and submit it for review. Your book will then be displayed on Amazon, and printed on demand and shipped by CreateSpace when purchased. And you can collect up to 70% royalties for each book sold.
Have you got a deep baritone voice? or a bubbly, chirpy one? or may be the one that has the chime and clarity of a tolling bell! If yes, you can online lend your voice as voice over artist. You can narrate stories, news and other text items. A friend of mine uses Umano and he is pretty thrilled with the experience. You can also use VoiceBunny or Voice123 for the same purpose.
Still, before we get there, there's a whole lot of information to grasp. As an online marketer myself, it's important that I convey the truth about the industry to you so that you don't get sucked up into the dream. While there are legitimate marketers like Sharpe out there ready and willing to help, there are loads of others that are simply looking to help part you from your hard-earned cash. Before you do anything, gather all of the information you can.
Ad blocking, or ad filtering, means the ads do not appear to the user because the user uses technology to screen out ads. Many browsers block unsolicited pop-up ads by default.[87] Other software programs or browser add-ons may also block the loading of ads, or block elements on a page with behaviors characteristic of ads (e.g. HTML autoplay of both audio and video). Approximately 9% of all online page views come from browsers with ad-blocking software installed,[88] and some publishers have 40%+ of their visitors using ad-blockers.[3]
Game advertising - In-Game advertising is defined as "inclusion of products or brands within a digital game."[50] The game allows brands or products to place ads within their game, either in a subtle manner or in the form of an advertisement banner. There are many factors that exist in whether brands are successful in their advertising of their brand/product, these being: Type of game, technical platform, 3-D and 4-D technology, game genre, congruity of brand and game, prominence of advertising within the game. Individual factors consist of attitudes towards placement advertisements, game involvement, product involvement, flow or entertainment. The attitude towards the advertising also takes into account not only the message shown but also the attitude towards the game. Dependent of how enjoyable the game is will determine how the brand is perceived, meaning if the game isn't very enjoyable the consumer may subconsciously have a negative attitude towards the brand/product being advertised. In terms of Integrated Marketing Communication "integration of advertising in digital games into the general advertising, communication, and marketing strategy of the firm"[50] is an important as it results in a more clarity about the brand/product and creates a larger overall effect.
This is similar in concept to micro-tasks, except that it is oriented toward specific services, such as cleaning services, pest inspection, handyman services, house cleaning, lawn & garden services or any of the skilled trades. It might actually be more accurate to say that it is a platform where skilled service providers can offer their services to site visitors, similar to Angie's List.
Our backgrounds are as diverse as they come, bringing knowledge and expertise in business, finance, search marketing, analytics, PR, content creation, creative, and more. Our leadership team is comprised of successful entrepreneurs, business executives, athletes, military combat veterans, and marketing experts. The Executives, Directors, and Managers at IMI are all well-respected thought leaders in the space and are the driving force behind the company's ongoing success and growth.
Collaborative Environment: A collaborative environment can be set up between the organization, the technology service provider, and the digital agencies to optimize effort, resource sharing, reusability and communications.[36] Additionally, organizations are inviting their customers to help them better understand how to service them. This source of data is called User Generated Content. Much of this is acquired via company websites where the organization invites people to share ideas that are then evaluated by other users of the site. The most popular ideas are evaluated and implemented in some form. Using this method of acquiring data and developing new products can foster the organizations relationship with their customer as well as spawn ideas that would otherwise be overlooked. UGC is low-cost advertising as it is directly from the consumers and can save advertising costs for the organisation.
Internet usage around the world, especially in the wealthiest countries, has steadily risen over the past decade and it shows no signs of slowing. According to a report by the Internet trend investment firm Kleiner Perkins Caulfield & Byers, 245 million people in the United States were online as of 2011, and 15 million people connected for the first time that year. As Internet usage grows, online commerce grows with it. This means that more people are using the Internet with each passing year, and enough of them are spending money online to impact the economy in significant ways. (See also E-Commerce Marketing)
However, some of the world's top-earning blogs gross millions of dollars per month on autopilot. It's a great source of passive income and if you know what you're doing, you could earn a substantial living from it. You don't need millions of visitors per month to rake in the cash, but you do need to connect with your audience and have clarity in your voice.
Mobile advertising is ad copy delivered through wireless mobile devices such as smartphones, feature phones, or tablet computers. Mobile advertising may take the form of static or rich media display ads, SMS (Short Message Service) or MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) ads, mobile search ads, advertising within mobile websites, or ads within mobile applications or games (such as interstitial ads, "advergaming," or application sponsorship).[24]:23 Industry groups such as the Mobile Marketing Association have attempted to standardize mobile ad unit specifications, similar to the IAB's efforts for general online advertising.[49]
There are loads of resources for making money online as an affiliate. You could source products from ClickBank, Commission Junction, Rakuten Marketing, Share-a-Sale, Impact Radius and many others. Plus, many of the larger companies have their own affiliate programs as well. Do your due diligence and find the right company with a relevant product or service to your audience that you can sell as an affiliate.
Hi Madhavan, your blog is very new. It takes several months (and sometimes years) for a blog to make money. I would suggest that you focus more of writing good content and forget about making money for sometime. Without content there would be no traffic and that would in turn mean no earnings. Take your blog seriously and after a few months you may be able to taste success in online money making.
Native on-platform analytics, including Facebook's Insights, Twitter's Analytics, and Instagram's Insights. These platforms can help you evaluate your on-platform metrics such as likes, shares, retweets, comments, and direct messages. With this information, you can evaluate the effectiveness of your community-building efforts and your audience's interest in your content.
Etsy is the most popular online marketplace for handmade goods and crafts. From bracelets to phone cases, rings, furniture, and more, Etsy is perfect for anyone who is creative and wants to sell their handmade creations. As long as you have the space, this can make for one of the best ways to make money online that can be started with a very limited investment. Consider these 5 steps to starting an Etsy store, from Handmadeology.
While some might think that starting a blog is an arduous effort, when you understand the precise steps you need to take, it becomes far easier. It all starts in the decision of choosing a profitable niche and picking the right domain name. From there, you need to build your offers. You can easily sell things like mini-email courses, trainings and ebooks.
If you are a confident web developer then designing your own themes is an obvious path to follow if you are looking to make money online. ThemeForest sells a wide assortment of developers themes, including themes for WordPress, Shopify, Weebly, and Tumblr, to name a few. Once you have created your theme, get it accepted onto the ThemeForest marketplace and make money each time it sells.
No matter what method you choose to make money online, understand that you might be able to make some money fast, but for the sizable returns, you'll need significant sweat equity. However, a year from now, you'll be happy you started today. Remember, time is far more valuable than money. Focus on creating passive income streams that will free up your time so that you can quit the rat race and focus on the things that matter.
For instance, you might use Facebook's Lookalike Audiences to get your message in front of an audience similar to your core demographic. Or, you could pay a social media influencer to share images of your products to her already well-established community. Paid social media can attract new customers to your brand or product, but you'll want to conduct market research and A/B testing before investing too much in one social media channel.


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- Member Since: September 21, 2019
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Tips On Going Back With Regard To An Ex Boyfriend
Central Hub: Web site is going to behave as the center of your industry. It is what connects all of your time and energy you have made other places via the web. Such as, social media interaction, video sharing, writing, etc. Just in case you haven't noticed, that must be all successful online business owners are doing online across all niches. Modeling equals mastery!
Are you certain that your relationship may be saving? Is he he you to help live with the life? When your answer is "YES" then no matter what you do you need to get girlfriend back boyfriend back and go begin your romance relationship. All relationships can be saved, to achieve the to build confidence, trust and have patience. These are the most important elements in rapport that final a life-time.
Girlporner.com among guys regarding their girlfriends usually that there is simply much constant. If this is one on the reasons you broke up, you ought not nag or complain you will need to trying to obtain him to come back. This will only remind him of scenarios he planned to get away in originally.
This year, I'll offer my second annual 12 Days of Christmas series to my ezine subscribers, where they will receive something of value that will benefit them in building their business daily for each days leading up to Christmas. Consider the 63 a huge hit last year, obviously you can was a lot of fun for me to made the something new each afternoon.
According to Drs. Roizen and Oz, in their bestselling book, You: On the Diet: The Owner's Manual for Waist Management, "When you effort to 'diet' by going for long periods of energy and time without eating or by eating way too little calories, hormones senses the starvation and sends an SOS signal through one's body to store fat because famine is on its way. That is the reason people who go on extreme fasts and extremely low calorie diets don't lose anticipated weight. They store fat as an all natural protective system. To lose weight, you should keep your system from switching into starvation mode.
You may ask: Why is Education so expensive as opposed to really helping in the market? To provide a so much loan money out there that the universities know they can charge more concerning is money to be borrowed. Appears like a bit more of a paradox - students can't afford college so let them go get money and procure it for that rest of their lives. Worse than that for every engineer/tech person that makes stuff, our universities graduate 18 Lawyers and 50 MBA students. Is usually that one person creates actual utility and 68 people manage this item.
Being strong-headed and refusing to compromise in a relationship is what basically makes it wither and die. Never let love and passion die off, it's easy to find your self in a terrible boredom and routine that will destroy your relationship. Even if you don't believe it, you can get your ex boyfriend back even if he's dating someone else all you need is to follow appropriate steps and act. Don't let him get too far away or you could find out he getting sex with a different individual.


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After A Very Firm Seat-scalding
The Dukan diet is currently considered to be the preferred concept of the celebrity as well. If you drive normally, the use of a nasal strip is much more interesting, and reinigingsmaskers in the "critical stage" also prevent breakouts. This is because we all know that Diabetes usually develops after a Person has become obese. In the previously published studies refer to experiments carried out on mice, is known as "the protein") has been revised, the manuka is related to the Australian tea tree.
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Smallpox comes with a legendary paternity. It was one of the most prevalent of all diseases; it was a massive killer, and created wretched disfigurement. Its very name could petrify an entire community.
But smallpox, as opposed to the "great pox," syphilis, is no more. With the arrival of vaccinia virus vaccination and subsequent widespread immunization, along with the vigorous efforts of the World Health Organization, smallpox was declared eradicated from the world in 1979, the only microbial disease to achieve such destinction.
How could that happen? Eradication was possible because smallpox is so obvious. Thick with pox pustules and scabs, the body is like no other; it can't be missed by searchers, no one would hide a pustule displaying individual, and there are no asymptomatic carriers or animal reservoirs. We humans are the only ones to get smallpox, and it has a short period of infectivity. Because we are the only hosts, its spread was prevented until no new cases developed. Smallpox is gone. Well, almost. The virus is kept frozen under liquid nitrogen in two safe locations: at the CDC in Atlanta and at the Research Institute for Viral Preparations, in Moscow. This maintenance has been the subject of much debate—whether the stocks in both repositories should be incinerated—totally destroyed. One side says destroy, the other says, save, because its genome needs mapping, so the controversy continues. But there is little controversy in microbiology textbooks, as those published since 1990 have little if anything on smallpox. For textbooks and the classroom, smallpox is no more.
If the case on smallpox is closed, and seemingly tightly, why is it on the short list of elite bioweapons? How could would-be terrorists obtain it, let alone use it? Actually—and this is an assumption, a bit of a stretch, but not out of the realm of possibility—as eradication approached, all countries that held smallpox cultures were requested to destroy them or turn them over to WHO. Does that provide a clue? As I say, its only an assumption, but did everyone turn their cultures in, or destroy them? So, do cultures still exist, in viable condition? If so, it is also within the realm of possibility that smallpox is obtainable. The idea is heinous, but in our tormented world, we would be remiss not to prepare our defenses, not to know about this vicious virus. The threat is low, but not zero.
For Europe and the American colonies, the earliest hint of possible control of smallpox arrived with Lady Mary Whortley Montague, wife of the British Ambassador to Turkey. Lady Montague had seen Turkish women inoculating their children, who had mild cases and became immune. On her return to England around 1710, she tried to educate the public about the procedure, but had little success [31] '
The year was 1777, and George Washington, Commander of the Continental Army, was in possession of a report indicating that the British planned to infect his troops with smallpox. Taking a bold step, against what was widely decried as ungodly, he ordered his troops inoculated with smallpox-infected material [32]. Edward Jenner had yet to be heard from.
Edward Jenner, a young apprentice to a country doctor, overheard a young girl say that she could not get smallpox because she already had cowpox.
With smallpox, a person would develop a rash of malodorus pus-filled blisters over the body, which would become crusty scabs. If the person lived, the scabs would fall off, leaving deep pocked scars. It could also lead to blindness. Cowpox infected the teats of cows and the hands of milkers, usually young girls. It produced sores and fever but was rapidly transient, with subsequent immunity to smallpox.
Jenner became a physician in Berkeley, England. In May 1796, well after the Revolutionary War, Jenner vaccinated James Phipps, his gardener's 8-year-old son. (Jenner got the term vaccination, from the Latin vacca, for cow.)
Young James contracted cowpox, but recovered in a few days. Eight weeks later, allowing time for the boy's body to build immunity, Jenner exposed the boy to smallpox. James remained healthy. Today, that kind of experimentation would be considered totally unacceptable, unethical, and immoral. Over the next year Jenner vaccinated another 23 people with similar success. Good thing for all of us that he did this. The results of his work were published in 1798 in "An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinea a disease discovered in some of the western countries of England particularly Gloucestershire and known by the name cowpox." The medical community would have none of it—not until another experiment with cowpox and smallpox in London proved him right [33].
The outcome of his work was seen in reduced numbers of smallpox cases. But the pustular fluid was difficult to obtain and preserve, and the methods of vaccination used by other physicians varied from Jenner's permitting smallpox to continue, but the threat declined.
The preservation of pustular fluid for later use seemed insurmountable until Dr. Xavier de Balmis, a Spanish military physician, ventured yet another ingenious scheme. The Spanish colonies in the new world were being devastated by smallpox. King Charles II ordered Dr. Balmis to bring Jenner's vaccine to the Spanish colonies. But the voyage to South America would take at least a month. How to preserve the cowpox vaccine? De Balmis brought aboard 22 orphan children. He infected one child and waited for about 10 days as pustules formed. He then took the fluid from the lesions and inoculated it into a second child, continuing the cycle with successive immunizations. In this way fresh vaccine reached Mexico, Venezuela, and Puerto Rico. De Balmis continued on to Spain' s colonies in Asia, picking up new children along the way and finding homes for those now vaccinated, while an assistant reached Columbia, Peru, and Chile. It is estimated that 100,000-500,000 people could have been vaccinated, marking an end to the epidemic [34].
The variola virus is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) member of the genus Orthopoxvirus and the Poxviridae family, which includes cowpox, camelpox, and monkeypox. Smallpox is the largest of all viruses and its double-stranded DNA is reported to code for some 200 different proteins, one of the largest viral genomes known, which makes it almost impossible to create a synthetic copy. No effective treatment has ever been devised. Perhaps this is reason enough to maintain the virus—mapping out its genome and seeking to discover both an appropriate preventive and a cure.
When WHO launched its eradication program in 1967, the "ancient scourage" still threatened 60% of the world's population, killed every fourth victim, scarred or blinded most survivors, and eluded any form of treatment. It had to go.
Smallpox had two forms: variola major and variola minor. Both produced similar lesions, but the minor form followed a milder course, and had almost
a negligible fatality rate. Smallpox has an inoculation period of 12-14 days, during which time there is no shedding of virus, and the infected person looks and feels well and is not infectious—the lull before the storm. Suddenly a cascade of symptoms occurs: fever, headache, depression, fatigue, severe back and abdominal pain, and vomiting. Two or three days later, the fever abates and the person feels somewhat better, but now a rash appears on the face, hands, and forearms, progressing to the trunk. Lesions develop in the nose and mouth and ulcerate, releasing huge amounts of virus into the month and throat. This is the time when coughing, sneezing, and talking expel virus particles into the air, and when others are at great risk of breathing in virust containing droplets or aerosols. Now the lesions are changing from macules (flat spots) to papules (raised spots) to vesicles to pustules and onto scabs, which, when dry, fall off, leaving disfiguring scars on healing; this repulsive affliction is seen in Figure 3.2. In the absence of immunity, recall that the virus has not been circulating in the United States for more than 50 years, so that few people age 50 and under have any natural or acquired immunity. Those over 50 may or may not have antibodies. It' s a real concern today, and it is widely accepted that there is universal susceptibility—an excellent reason for smallpox to be on the short list. Contaminated clothes and bedding are also sources of infection, but much less of a risk.
Figure 3.3. Multiple puncture vaccination for smallpox by bifurcated needle. (Figure copyright WHO, Geneva.)
Figure 3.3. Multiple puncture vaccination for smallpox by bifurcated needle. (Figure copyright WHO, Geneva.)
Epidemics appear to develop relatively slowly; weeks between new cases. Experience gained during the eradication campaign indicates that given the presence of a strong surveillance system, rapid containment can break the drain of infectivity and halt an outbreak in a short time. Containment includes efficient detection, isolation (this is essential—but difficult to ensure in an open society), and vaccination of all known contacts. The public would be told, in the strongest terms, to avoid crowded places and to follow precautions for personal protection. This will, of course, have a chilling effect on business, education, and entertainment or sporting events, movies, theater, and schools. The stock exchanges could be curtailed for months until surveillance indicates a peak and certain decline in new cases. Smallpox surveillance is easier than for any other disease given the distintive rash on face, hands, and feet. Terrorists know all this, and that's their target—to disrupt the economy and society generally, which must not be allowed to happen. Emphasis must be placed on preventing epidemic spread. Bear in mind that immunity develops rapidly after vaccination. Figure 3.3 depicts the vaccination process. It ' s quick and painless, and postvaccination complications are rare. The best estimates of number and type derive from a 1968 study involving 14 million people. Progressive vaccinia, in which the local lesion failed to heal, occurred only in those with immune deficiency. It occurred in 11 people, resulting in four deaths. Generalized vaccinia, occurring 6-9 days postvaccination, produces a rash that disappears over weeks. That occurred in 143 of the 14 million vaccinated. Eczema vaccinatum occurred in 74 people who had a history of eczema. In these cases an eruption occurred at sites on the body that were affected by eczema. Symptoms were severe. Encephalitis, the most serious complication, occurred 16 times with 4 deaths [35].
From this study we see that approximately one death per million resulted from complications following primary vaccination, and one death per 4 million following revaccination. Whether one death per million is too high a price to pay for a protective smallpox vaccination is a personal decision. But one that must be weighed against the well-known ravages of the disease. Dr. Jenner believed that a successful vaccination produced lifetime immunity to smallpox. That may have been true in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when average life expectancy was under 50, but in the twenty-first century, with life expectancy approaching 80, that is no longer the case. Revaccination will be required for protection in the event smallpox should return.
Consideration of smallpox would not be complete without noting its furious passage among the Indians of the high plains in the 1830s, which was "completely devastating." In fact, it was one of the most catastrophic epidemics recorded on the North American continent.
Smallpox had swept up from Mexico and across the plains in the eighteenth century, decimating the Mandans, Ojibway, and Pawnees, but by the 1830s the acquired immunity of their elders had waned, and none of their younger people had any immunity to smallpox. When the steamboat St. Peters from St. Louis arrived at Fort Clark with the first thaw of spring, there was great jubilation, until it was learned that several passengers had contracted variola major. Three weeks after the ship departed, Indians began dying. Many committed suicide by leaping off cliffs and stabbing themselves with knives and arrows, the pain of the pox was so excruciating. Along the upper reaches of the Missouri River, traders bungled an attempt to inoculate Indian women with scabs taken from smallpox cases. Dozens died. Seven months after the first Mandans died, the tribe had been reduced from 1600 to 31, and many other tribes approached annihilation. The Great Plains had been converted into a graveyard. As many as 2000 plains Indians had died of the hideous pocking disease [36]. Today, all manner of Americans have arrived at the same dilemma—wholly susceptible, few vaccinated. All unsuspecting.
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The comprehensive new ebook All About Alzheimers puts everything into perspective. Youll gain insight and awareness into the disease. Learn how to maintain the patients emotional health. Discover tactics you can use to deal with constant life changes. Find out how counselors can help, and when they should intervene. Learn safety precautions that can protect you, your family and your loved one. All About Alzheimers will truly empower you.
Why do different countries still keep the smallpox cultures?