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Wow. What a week for prospects. To start things off, Carlos Correa got called up and performed well in his first start ever against Chris Sale. Then it was announced that Byron Buxton, surprisingly, would be called up. Then it was Francisco Lindor getting called up, just a few hours after the Buxton announcement.
If you have been following my rankings list, you would know that I am not at all surprised by the promotions for Lindor and Correa. However, seeing as how Buxton spent no time in Triple-A, I was quite surprised that he was called up so soon. I had really expected him to be a September call-up at best. Buxton struggled in the early goings of 2015, but has played very well as of late and has been considered by many to be the top prospect in baseball over the likes of Kris Bryant and Carlos Correa.
Editor's Note: given the recent MLB Draft, we have a special treat for you this week - be sure to also check out our piece on fantasy impact prospects from the 2015 MLB draft to stash in dynasty/keeper leagues. To read about even more MLB prospects, rookies and potential call-ups, be sure to check out our MLB prospects for fantasy baseball homepage which has lots of great weekly analysis.
Removed from the list
• Carlos Correa – called up
• Francisco Lindor – called up
• Byron Buxton – called up
• Jon Moscot – called up
• Kyle Kubitza – called up
All stats current as of Sunday, June 14th.
Major League Prospects - Fantasy Power Rankings
To be clear, this list is not the top 30 prospects in baseball. This is a list of the top 30 prospects who are likely going to rise to the major leagues and provide fantasy baseball value this season. The qualifications are simple: a player must not be on an active roster, they must have a clear path to the majors, and while they may have played in seasons prior to 2015, they must still have rookie eligibility. If a player is moved to the active roster of their team, they will be removed from this power rankings list and replaced.
1. Steve Matz (SP, NYM, AAA) – LW: 2
Stats: 78.1 IP, 2.30 ERA, 3.54 FIP, 9.31 K/9, 3.45 BB/9, 0.57 HR/9, 1.15 WHIP
ETA: Mid June
It sounds like the reason that Steven Matz has not been called up yet is to keep him from being Super Two eligible. According to ESPN New York's Adam Rubin, Steven Matz will be up before month's end. The Mets may just be trying to trade Dillon Gee (now in the bullpen) and Jon Niese (the starter preventing Matz from entering the rotation). There is also talk of moving Noah Syndergaard to the bullpen. However, that will be a shocking decision after his strong start against the Blue Jays, ending their 11-game win streak.
2. Corey Seager (SS, LAD, AAA) – LW: 11
Stats: 249 PA, .325/.373/.535, 9 HR, 1 SB, 13.3% K rate, 7.2% BB rate
ETA: Early July
Jimmy Rollins will need to play out of his mind in June to convince the Dodgers that now isn't the time for Corey Seager. Seager, much like Carlos Correa, has torn it up at both Double-A and Triple-A. For a shortstop, Seager does not have a lot of speed, but his power and contact abilities more than make up for that fact. He is an elite fantasy prospect and fantasy owners need to make sure that they are ready to add him soon.
3. Stephen Piscotty (1B/OF, STL, AAA) – LW: 10
Stats: 253 PA, .261/.356/.450, 7 HR, 3 SB, 15.8% K rate, 11.9% BB rate
ETA: Mid June
First Adam Wainwright. Then Matt Adams. Then Matt Holliday. The Cardinals continue to be bit hard by the injury bug, but they always have the depth to fix their injury woes and Stephen Piscotty is the clear answer here. Piscotty can play either first base or the outfield and seems to be in line for a call up with Matt Holliday now sidelined for at least a couple of weeks. He has great power potential and could hit for a great average, leaving him as a strong fantasy prospect to be picked up in most leagues.
4. Adam Duvall (1B/3B, SFG, AAA) – LW: 3
Stats: 251 PA, .278/.319/.521, 13 HR, 2 SB, 21.1% K rate, 5.6% BB rate
ETA: Late June
Matt Duffy is playing well since replacing Casey McGehee and that is seriously harming the fantasy value of Adam Duvall. If Duffy continues to play this well, it could spell trouble for the call up of Duvall. I still see it as likely that the Giants prospect will be called up sooner rather than later as he has flashed outstanding power potential at Triple-A, which Matt Duffy does not quite possess.
5. Andrew Heaney (SP, LAA, AAA) – LW: 5
Stats: 67.2 IP, 4.39 ERA, 3.01 FIP, 8.91 K/9, 2.79 BB/9, 0.27 HR/9, 1.42 WHIP
ETA: Late June
Andrew Heaney's last time out showed continued struggle that will have to stop if he wants to be called up. He has been able to strike out a lot of batters and limit the walks, but his continuance to give up a lot of hits can't entirely be regarded as bad defense. Heaney will have to wait in the Minors until he can string together a couple of starts without giving up too many hits.
6. Jose Peraza (2B, ATL, AAA) – LW: 7
Stats: 233 PA, .284/.324/.355, 2 HR, 17 SB, 8.6% K rate, 5.2% BB rate
ETA: Early July
Jace Peterson and Andrelton Simmons have forced the Atlanta Braves to change the position of Jose Peraza to centerfield. Peraza likely won't be coming in through centerfield though with the strong play of Cameron Maybin, but he could come in through either leftfield or rightfield. His speed would really be very helpful to any fantasy team and he should be added in all leagues once he is called up.
7. Aaron Nola (SP, PHI, AA) – LW: 8
Stats: 71.2 IP, 1.76 ERA, 2.80 FIP, 6.78 K/9, 1.00 BB/9, 0.38 HR/9, 0.87 WHIP
ETA: Late July/Early August
The other Aaron (as opposed to Aaron Harang) has seen some of his trade value decrease over the last couple starts in which he has gotten rattled up a bit, but he is still viewed as a solid arm for a contending team to want to buy. Certainly the trade value for Cole Hamels has not decreased and he is still viewed as one of the more likely players to be dealt this deadline. The timeline for Aaron Nola is based primarily on those arms being dealt. Expect him up following trades of Cole Hamels and Aaron Harang.
8. Daniel Norris (SP, TOR, AAA) – LW: 6
Stats: 40.1 IP, 3.35 ERA, 3.54 FIP, 8.48 K/9, 4.69 BB/9, 0.45 HR/9, 1.49 WHIP
ETA: Mid July
Daniel Norris has started to look really sharp over his last couple of outings at Triple-A and could potentially be called up very soon. The Jays are in a very similar spot as the Orioles where they are close to a playoff spot, but desperately lack the starting pitching required to make that push. At this point, Norris could be an arm ready to come up and help the team. His name has also been tossed around as possibly being involved in a deal for an ace-type pitcher like Johnny Cueto or Cole Hamels and he would likely be immediately planted in either the Reds or Phillies rotation.
9. Matt Wisler (SP, ATL, AAA) – LW: 13
Stats: 65.0 IP, 4.29 ERA, 3.36 FIP, 6.78 K/9, 1.80 BB/9, 0.69 HR/9, 1.25 WHIP
ETA: Mid June
Williams Perez has filled in nicely for the Atlanta Braves in the rotation, but that still doesn't solve the issue of what to do with Julio Teheran. Neither Alex Wood, Shelby Miller, nor Mike Foltynewicz are going to lose their spot in the rotation anytime soon or find themselves traded unless a team offers incredible value as all of them are young and under contract for several years. But Teheran could potentially lose his spot if he doesn't right his ship sometime soon and it would more than likely be Matt Wisler who takes his place.
10. Zach Lee (SP, LAD, AAA) – LW: 15
Stats: 56.2 IP, 2.38 ERA, 3.75 FIP, 6.99 K/9, 1.91 BB/9, 0.64 HR/9, 1.09 WHIP
ETA: Late June
The Dodgers need starting pitching as their starters behind Clayton Kershaw and Zack Greinke are just not getting the job done. They also insist that neither Corey Seager nor Julio Urias are for sale and that could kill their chances of acquiring an ace type pitcher. It does seem very likely that Zach Lee will be called up and tested in the rotation before the Dodgers pull the trigger on any big name trades.
11. Brian Johnson (SP, BOS, AAA) – LW: 9
Stats: 61.0 IP, 2.66 ERA, 3.20 FIP, 8.85 K/9, 2.66 BB/9, 0.74 HR/9, 1.03 WHIP
ETA: Mid July
Brian Johnson is still the most likely of any Red Sox prospect to get called up to start at the moment, but their rotation is starting to look quite solid and they are one of the most likely candidates to acquire Cole Hamels. An acquisition like Hamels would all but eliminate a call up for Brian Johnson before September unless Brian Johnson is dealt for Hamels, in which case he would likely become an immediate starter in an ailing club.
12. Jon Gray (SP, COL, AAA) – LW: 14
Stats: 68.0 IP, 4.76 ERA, 4.66 FIP, 5.96 K/9, 2.78 BB/9, 0.93 HR/9, 1.47 WHIP
ETA: Late June
So Chad Bettis has been good. That's nice. But everyone else has been absolutely terrible. Jon Gray hasn't exactly been tearing it up at the Triple-A level, but at this point the Rockies may find that they may as well continue his development with a Major League pitching coach as opposed to a Minor League pitching coach. He has shown great command in the minors and has the stuff to strikeout more batters which indicates that he would benefit more from working out his issues at the MLB level.
13. Dylan Bundy (SP, BAL, AA) – LW: 16
Stats: 22.0 IP, 3.68 ERA, 1.85 FIP, 10.23 K/9, 2.05 BB/9, 0.00 HR/9, 1.18 WHIP
ETA: Late July/Early August
Ubaldo Jimenez, Mike Wright, and Wei-Yin Chen have been solid this season, but the rest of the rotation has had its struggles. Bud Norris (when healthy) has been awful as has Chris Tillman. With the Orioles being within striking distance of a playoff spot, they may turn to the rehabbing Dylan Bundy sooner than August and they could potentially give him a call up as soon as July. The right shoulder being examined, however, could be a major concern moving forward.
14. Alex Meyer (SP, MIN, AAA) – LW: 17
Stats: 50.0 IP, 5.76 ERA, 3.48 FIP, 10.08 K/9, 5.40 BB/9, 0.36 HR/9, 1.76 WHIP
ETA: Late July
Alex Meyer finally gave up a run since joining the bullpen and has given up only seven hits in his 10.2 IP. He has also walked only six batters while striking out 15. Meyer has made tremendous progress since being moved to the bullpen and he may only be there a little bit longer before rejoining the rotation. How well he performs when rejoining the rotation will be the real test of his MLB readiness.
15. Domingo Santana (OF, HOU, AAA) – LW: 12
Stats: 230 PA, .310/.439/.583, 11 HR, 1 SB, 29.1% K rate, 18.3% BB rate
ETA: Early August
The Astros outfield strikes out a lot. Preston Tucker is the only one of their regulars who strikes out at less than 26.0% of the time. George Springer is a work in progress, but Colby Rasmus has not been nearly good enough for a team that is competing. Jake Marisnick and Robbie Grossman are probably not going to get a starting role anytime soon. Santana has continued to reduce the strikeouts and it looks like he could be a big boost into the lineup sometime down the line.
16. Peter O'Brien (C, ARI, AAA) – LW: 20
Stats: 241 PA, .318/.361/.582, 12 HR, 1 SB, 21.6% K rate, 5.0% BB rate
ETA: Late July
Wellington Castillo and Jarrod Saltalamacchia have replaced Jordan Pacheco and Tuffy Gosewich as the two catchers for Arizona and they are not exactly known as being great catchers. The Dbacks are not in a position to compete so there is no rush to get Peter O'Brien to the Majors, but he doesn't have anything left to prove at Triple-A. O'Brien has a lot of pop and would have an immediate fantasy impact if given the call to the Majors.
17. Kyle Schwarber (C, CHC, AA) – LW: NR
Stats: 233 PA, .321/.435, .584, 13 HR, 0 SB, 20.2% K rate, 16.7% BB rate
ETA: Late July
A new entry on this list, Kyle Schwarber has torn up Double-A pitching this season and there has been speculation that he could be called up to the Majors straight from Double-A. Miguel Montero has been alright, but David Ross has only hurt the Cubs offensively. The Cubs will allow the battery of Jon Lester and David Ross to last for a little bit longer, but as a competing team they need the best product on the field every day and they simply don't have it with Ross behind the dish even semi-regularly. If called up, Schwarber would be easily one of the top ten best offensive catchers in the Majors.
18. Hector Olivera (3B, LAD, AAA) – LW: NR
Stats: 25 PA, .318/.400/.455, 1 HR, 0 SB, 20.0% K rate, 12.0% BB rate*
ETA: Late July
Justin Turner and Alex Guerrero have been outstanding playing third base this year, but it may not be long before Hector Olivera is called up and plugged in as the full-time guy there. He is already 30-years-old and he is playing on a six year, $62.5 million deal. That is quite old and quite a lot of money to keep down in the Minors. Look for him to be up in the Majors before August and have major fantasy value with his impact bat.
*Stats are from his time in Double-A as he has not made Triple-A debut as of 6/13/2015
19. Marco Gonzales (SP, STL, AAA) – LW: 18
Stats: 28.1 IP, 6.35 ERA, 5.74 FIP, 6.99 K/9, 2.54 BB/9, 1.91 HR/9, 1.59 WHIP
ETA: Early August
Marco Gonzales' 2015 fantasy impact is quickly going down the drain the longer he stays on the DL. Plus, the Cardinals rotation is looking fine without him. The Cardinals currently have the best team ERA in the Majors and Gonzales appears to no longer be required. If they keep this level of production up against the Twins, Phillies, Marlines, and Cubs, then they may no longer require a call up of Gonzales.
20. Luis Severino (SP, NYY, AAA) – LW: 29
Stats: 54.2 IP, 3.13 ERA, 2.69 FIP, 9.22 K/9, 2.47 BB/9, 0.33 HR/9, 1.10 WHIP
ETA: Mid July
With the Yankees playing incredibly well this season, they could be looking for all the help that they can get. And with their pitching staff hovering around the middle of the MLB in team ERA, they may look for help in pitching before hitting. It appears that they will build from within, for once, and that would start with Luis Severino as opposed to acquiring a starting pitcher via trade. Severino has a great arm and has pitched phenomenally so far in 2015. He could see a call up come just before the trade deadline so the Yankees can see what he looks like against big league hitting.
21. Jameson Taillon (SP, PIT, NA) – LW: 27
Stats: NA
ETA: Mid-August
22. Miguel Sano (3B, MIN, AA) – LW: 23
Stats: 227 PA, .255/.357/.495, 11 HR, 4 SB, 25.1% K rate, 13.2% BB rate
ETA: Early August
23. Tyler Duffey (SP, SDP, AAA) – LW: NR
Stats: 75.0 IP, 3.48 ERA, 2.11 FIP, 8.76 K/9, 1.92 BB/9, 0.00 HR/9, 1.21 WHIP
ETA: Late July
(No, there is no typo, Duffey has thrown 75 innings and hasn't given up a home run yet).
24. Steven Moya (OF, DET, AAA) – LW: 21
Stats: 234 PA, .241/.288/.426, 8 HR, 2 SB, 31.2% K rate, 6.0% BB rate
ETA: Early August
25. Colin Moran (3B, HOU, AA) – LW: NR
Stats: 122 PA, .277/.320/.375, 0 HR, 0 SB, 14.8% K rate, 5.7% BB rate
ETA: Mid August
26. Henry Owens (SP, BOS, AAA) – LW: 26
Stats: 64.1 IP, 3.64 ERA, 4.49 FIP, 7.13 K/9, 5.88 BB/9, 0.56 HR/9, 1.34 WHIP
ETA: Early September
27. Christian Walker (1B, BAL, AAA) – LW: 22
Stats: 243 PA, .259/.309/.357, 2 HR, 0 SB, 23.5% K rate, 7.0% BB rate
ETA: Mid-August
28. Matt Olson (1B, OAK, AA) – LW: NR
Stats: 264 PA, .223/.383/.406, 7 HR, 0 SB, 22.0% K rate, 20.8% BB rate
ETA: Early September
29. Jose Berrios (SP, MIN, AA) – LW: NR
Stats: 75.2 IP, 3.21 ERA, 3.27 FIP, 9.75 K/9, 2.50 BB/9, 0.71 HR/9, 1.19 WHIP
ETA: Late August
30. Aaron Blair (SP, PIT, AA) – LW: NR
Stats: 83.1 IP, 2.70 ERA, 4.02 FIP, 6.91 K/9, 2.48 BB/9, 0.86 HR/9, 1.12 WHIP
ETA: Early September
MLB & Fantasy Baseball Chat Room


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Traffic safety is an important social problem. Many accidents are due to non-compliance with traffic regulations. Serious or repeated offenses are sanctioned with penalty points or court conviction, and sanctions can lead to disqualification from driving. This paper explores the relevance of alcohol consumption and personality factors as predictors of driving disqualification. The aim of the study is to determine whether the behaviors of persistent offenders and their propensity for law-breaking are related to their characteristics and patterns of drinking. A sample of 358 drivers participated in the study: 126 non-offender habitual drivers and 232 persistent traffic offenders disqualified from driving for serious or repeated traffic offenses, 127 of them after conviction, 105 without conviction (by accumulation of penalties). Participants were given a battery of tests measuring a set of explanatory personality and alcohol consumption factors. We used a cross-sectional study design and performed statistical analysis of variance and regression searching for differences among the groups. The results reveal group effects, with significant differences in a number of factors between traffic offenders and non-offenders, and between both categories of offenders in a number of variables, including traffic violations that lead to demerit points and/or loss of a driver's license and crash involvement. Certain variables, including problem drinking, high levels of activity or excitement, penchant for thrill or sensation seeking, and propensity to hostility while driving, can accurately predict group membership. Alcohol disorders are the best predictors of disqualification from driving for serious or repeat traffic offenses, both penalized and convicted
La seguridad vial es un importante problema social. Muchos accidentes se deben al incumplimiento de las normas de tráfico. Las infracciones graves o reiteradas se sancionan por la vía administrativa o judicial y en ambos casos las sanciones pueden suponer la pérdida del permiso de conducir. Este artículo explora la relevancia del alcohol y la personalidad como factores predictivos. El objetivo del estudio es determinar si el comportamiento delictivo de los infractores persistentes está relacionado con sus características de personalidad y patrones de consumo de alcohol. Se utilizó una muestra de 358 conductores: 232 infractores persistentes, a los que les había sido retirado el carnet de conducir (127 por sentencia judicial y 105 por pérdida total de puntos), y 126 conductores habituales no infractores. Se administró una batería de pruebas que miden un conjunto de factores explicativos de personalidad y consumo de alcohol. Se utilizó un diseño transversal y se realizaron análisis estadísticos de varianza y regresión buscando diferencias entre los grupos. Los resultados revelan diferencias significativas en el tipo de infracciones y accidentes entre infractores de tráfico y no infractores y entre ambas categorías de infractores. Además, ciertas variables, como el abuso de alcohol, altos niveles de actividad, activación emocional, búsqueda de sensaciones y la tendencia a la hostilidad durante la conducción, pueden predecir con precisión la pertenencia a uno u otro grupo. Los problemas con la bebida son el mejor predictor de la pérdida del permiso de conducir, tanto por condena como por acumulación de sanciones
AssuntosHumanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Condução de Veículo/psicologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Comportamento Perigoso , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Direção Distraída/psicologia , Direção Agressiva/psicologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Assunção de Riscos , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects the lives of millions of Americans each year (1). To describe the trends in TBI-related deaths among different racial/ethnic groups and by sex, CDC analyzed death data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) over an 18-year period (2000-2017). Injuries were also categorized by intent, and unintentional injuries were further categorized by mechanism of injury. In 2017, TBI contributed to 61,131 deaths in the United States, representing 2.2% of approximately 2.8 million deaths that year. From 2015 to 2017, 44% of TBI-related deaths were categorized as intentional injuries (i.e., homicides or suicides). The leading category of TBI-related death varied over time and by race/ethnicity. For example, during the last 10 years of the study period, suicide surpassed unintentional motor vehicle crashes as the leading category of TBI-related death. This shift was in part driven by a 32% increase in TBI-related suicide deaths among non-Hispanic whites. Firearm injury was the underlying mechanism of injury in nearly all (97%) TBI-related suicides among all groups. An analysis of TBI-related death rates by sex and race/ethnicity found that TBI-related deaths were significantly higher among males and persons who were American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) than among all other groups across all years. Other leading categories of TBI-related deaths included unintentional motor vehicle crashes, unintentional falls, and homicide. Understanding the leading contributors to TBI-related death and identifying groups at increased risk is important in preventing this injury. Broader implementation of evidence-based TBI prevention efforts for the leading categories of injury, such as those aimed at stemming the significant increase in TBI-related deaths from suicide, are warranted.
AssuntosLesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/mortalidade , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/etnologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/etiologia , Grupos de Populações Continentais/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Étnicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Armas de Fogo/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Intenção , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Suicídio/etnologia , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Ciclismo/lesões , Segurança , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Ciclismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Cidades , Planejamento Ambiental , Dispositivos de Proteção da Cabeça/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana/normas , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidade , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle
Introduction: Pediatric traumatic injury is a major public health concern that is poorly documented in lower and middle-income countries. This study analyzed data on pediatric injuries from a unique hospital trauma registry in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: Data were analyzed on 220 traumatically injured patients aged 21 years/less to describe injury characteristics and to determine the association between mechanism of injury and pediatric head injuries in Abuja, Nigeria, between 2014 and 2015. Bivariate analysis using Pearson's chi-square and adjusted logistic regression were conducted to characterize the population and identify risk factors for head injury. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA v.15.1. Results: The majority of patients were male (60.9%) with a mean age (SD) of 12.5±6.9 years. Head injuries were most common (49.6%), followed by chest (14.1%), abdomen (12.3%) and back (7.7%). The mechanism of injury was statistically significantly associated with head injury (p=0.027) with 63% of children in a motor vehicle accident sustaining a head injury. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of head injury were 3.8 times higher for children injured in a motor vehicle accidents (MVA) compared to those with falls (95%CI 1.40-10.40). Conclusion: This analysis reveals that motor vehicle accident is a risk factor for traumatic head injury among children in Nigeria. Therefore, efforts should be made to address motor vehicle accidents involving children. These data will help to inform age-related prevention and treatment strategies. The results of this study highlight the importance of collecting pediatric trauma data in developing countries.
AssuntosAcidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia , Adulto Jovem
Introduction: Management of open fractures poses a constant challenge to Orthopaedic surgeons in Nigeria. Our aim is to determine the epidemiological pattern of open fractures in our centre and share our experiences on the initial management and problems encountered. Methods: This was an 18 month prospective study of patients that presented with open fractures at our emergency room. Already prepared data collection sheets were used to collect relevant data directly from patients and patients' files. Results: There were 58 open fractures in 52 patients (31 males and 21 females). Mean age of patients was 36.4 ± 12.2 years. Most patients (82.7%) fell within the age group of 20-49 years. Traders (28.9%) and students (19.6%) were mostly affected. Most open fractures (88.5%) were due to road traffic accidents. The tibia and fibula were the most frequently affected (44.4%). Most injuries were Gustilo et al. types IIIA & IIIB (79.3%) open fractures. Patients had initial resuscitation followed by debridement in 42 cases (72%). Fractures were initially stabilized with external fixators in 23 cases (39.7%) and cast slabs in 19 cases (32.8%). The average time between presentation and debridement was 30 hours and average hospital stay was 36 days. Forty two point five per cent of wounds were infected. Conclusion: Open fractures were mostly due to road traffic accidents and affected the tibia and fibula most frequently with Gustilo et al. types IIIA and IIIB forming the bulk of the injuries. Management was challenging with late presentations, scarcity of resources and consequent high rate of infections, prolonged morbidity and hospital stay. These problems were worsened by delay in antibiotic commencement and initial debridement, sub-optimal treatment at peripherial hospitals and mis-management by traditional bone setters.
AssuntosDesbridamento/métodos , Fixadores Externos , Fixação de Fratura/métodos , Fraturas Expostas/cirurgia , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Fraturas Expostas/epidemiologia , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
OBJECTIVE: Assess the magnitude and trend of hospitalization rates due to traumatic injuries in intensive care units (ICU) in Brazil from 1998 to 2015. METHODS: This is an ecological time-series study that analyzed data from the Hospital Information System. A trend analysis of hospitalization rates was performed according to diagnosis, sex and age using generalized linear regression models and Prais-Winsten estimation. RESULTS: Rates were higher among male patients, but increased hospitalization due to trauma among female patients influenced the ratio between both sexes. Falls and transport accidents were the most frequent causes of trauma. The average annual growth was 3.6% in ICU trauma hospitalization rates in Brazil, the highest growth was reported in the North region (8%; 95%CI 6.4-9.6), among women (5.4%; 95%CI 4.5-6.3), and among people aged 60 years and older (5.5%; 95%CI, 4.7-6.3). The most frequent causes of trauma are falls (4.5%; 95%CI 3.5-5.5) and care complications (5.4%; 95%CI 4.5-6.3). On the other hand, the annual hospital mortality rate due to trauma in ICU is 1.7% lower, on average (95%CI 2.1-1.3). CONCLUSION: An increase in ICU hospitalization rate due to trauma in Brazil may be the result of some factors, such as an increasing number of accidents and cases of violence, the implementation of pre-hospital care, and improved access to care, with more beds in ICU. In addition, population aging is another factor, as a greater increase in hospitalization was observed among people aged 60 years and older.
AssuntosHospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/tendências , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/tendências , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Regressão , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
To investigate the age, gender, time, and etiology differences of traumatic lower limb fractures (TLLFs) in a population of children (≤18 years old), we retrospectively reviewed 936 children who had TLLFs and who came to our university-affiliated hospitals from 2001 to 2010. This study enrolled 657 males (70.2%) and 279 females (29.8%) aged (11.6â±â4.9) years old. The most common etiologies and fracture sites were motor vehicle collisions (MVCs, 440, 47.0%) and tibias (376, 40.2%). A total of 126 (13.5%) patients suffered neurological deficits (NDs), 127 (13.6%) patients sustained associated injuries (ASOIs), and 78 (8.3%) patients sustained complications. During all periods the occurrence increased with increasing age group and a male preponderance was observed in all age groups. With increasing age, the proportion of injuries due to different etiologies increased and the proportion of femur fracture decreased from 65.2% to 34.5%. With increasing year of admission, the proportion of injuries due to MVCs decreased. The most common fracture sites were tibias in MVCs, femurs in low fall, high fall, and struck by object, feet in sprain. Male patients presented with significantly higher proportions of injuries due to struck by object and sprain, significantly lower proportions of pelvis fracture than the female patients. MVCs and tibias were the most common etiologies and fracture sites. Prevention and treatment should be taken according to the pattern of TLLFs which have specific annual, gender, and age characteristics.
AssuntosFraturas do Fêmur/epidemiologia , Fraturas da Tíbia/epidemiologia , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Serviços de Saúde da Criança , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Fraturas do Fêmur/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Extremidade Inferior/lesões , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Fraturas da Tíbia/etiologia
Traffic safety around school locations is a topic of particular interest given the large number of vulnerable users, such as pedestrians or cyclists, that commute to them at certain times of the day. A dataset of traffic accidents recorded in Valencia (Spain) during 2014 and 2015 is analyzed in order to estimate the effects that school locations produce on traffic risk within their surroundings. The four typologies of school in this city according to the academic levels they offer (All-level, Preschool, Primary, Secondary) are distinguished and taken into consideration for the analysis. Two time windows comprising the starting time in the morning and the evening time once day school has ended are analyzed independently. Several statistical methods are used, including observed vs expected ratios, macroscopic conditional autoregressive modelling, logistic regression in the context of a case-control study design and risk modelling in relation to several school locations. The distances to each type of school and a set of environmental, traffic-related, demographic and socioeconomic covariates are employed for the analysis. The macroscopic modelling of accident counts and the modelling of risk as a function of the distance to each type of school serves to confirm that proximity to a school has an effect on the incidence of traffic accidents in particular time windows. Specifically, school types coexisting in Valencia show differential behaviour in this regard. In addition, several covariates have displayed a positive (bus stop density, complex intersections, main road length) and negative (land use entropy) association with accident counts in the time windows investigated. Finally, the definition of a case-control study design enabled us to observe some differences undetected by the macroscopic approaches that would require further research.
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Ambiente Construído/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Espanha , Análise Espacial , Fatores de Tempo
BACKGROUND: It is a policy objective to increase the percentage of journeys made by bicycle in Norway from the current 5 % to 10 %. Kristiansand is one of the most active cities in Norway in terms of cycling. We wished to identify the extent of injuries among cyclists admitted to the hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed the medical records of patients with cycling-related injuries who were admitted to Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand in the period 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2015. Patient, accident, injury and treatment characteristics were recorded, as well as any sequelae after 12 months. RESULTS: Altogether 224 adults and 53 children (<16 years) were registered with cycling-related injuries, most of which (n=192, 69 %) were mild/moderate. Very severe and critical injuries were recorded in 6 (11 %) children and 22 (10 %) adults. Fractures (n=179, 65 %) and minor head injuries (n= 78, 28 %) dominated the injury panorama. Surgical treatment was undertaken in 107 (48 %) adults and 19 (36 %) children. A total of 12 (4 %) patients were transferred to the trauma centre at Oslo University Hospital Ullevål. Four adults had significant sequelae after 12 months, all related to severe head/neck injury. INTERPRETATION: A considerable proportion of serious and complex injuries require that the national guidelines for use of a trauma team be followed. Systematic and ongoing registration of cyclists' injuries in the form of a national registry could help increase our insight into the circumstances surrounding accidents and the extent of injuries related to these.
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Ciclismo/lesões , Adolescente , Adulto , Ciclismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/epidemiologia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Feminino , Fraturas Ósseas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Registros Médicos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Noruega/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Tempo , Transporte de Pacientes , Índices de Gravidade do Trauma
Novice drivers are statistically over-represented in reported road crashes, with recent evidence suggesting that some of this increased crash involvement may be a result of limitations in their cognitive processing. Such processing has typically been measured by recording drivers' patterns of eye movements, however, the exact ways in which eye movements are reported and interpreted varies substantially between different studies in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate whether novice drivers and experienced drivers do differ in clear and reproducible ways in their visual search. Studies were identified through searches of Web of Science, Medline, TRID Database, and the TRB Research in Progress Database, with no restrictions on publication status. Studies were included if they compared the visual search of a novice driver group (<3 years driving experience) and an experienced driver group (>3 years driving experience) using an eye tracking method and reported at least one of the following four visual search outcomes: fixation durations, horizontal spread of search, vertical spread of search and number of fixations. Two reviewers independently screened searches and assessed the full texts of potentially included studies. Of the 235 studies initially identified 18 were included in the review, with 13 studies reporting sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis for at least one outcome measure. Given that the included studies deployed a range of method types, additional sub-group analyses were conducted using this factor. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted by temporarily removing extreme experience groups (e.g. driving instructors and learner drivers) in order to test the effect of different levels of experience and training. The meta-analyses, along with support from results discussed narratively, revealed that novice drivers have a narrower horizontal spread of search compared to experienced drivers, however, there were no overall differences in fixation durations, vertical spread of search or number of fixations when the studies were pooled together. These findings have important primary implications for the development of novice training interventions, with novice drivers needing to develop a broader horizontal spread of visual search, but not to necessarily learn to fixate further down the road. Subgroup analyses also provided considerations for future research studies in terms of the experience of the driver groups, and the method type used.
AssuntosCondução de Veículo , Movimentos Oculares/fisiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Feminino , Fixação Ocular , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo
Safety performance functions (SPFs) are generally used to relate exposure to the expected number of crashes aggregated over a long time (e.g. a year) by holding all other risk factors constant, and to identify hotspots that have excessive crashes regardless of different time periods. However, it is highly likely that the relationships of exposure, risk factors and crash occurrence can vary across different times of day. This study aims to establish time-dependent SPFs for urban roads by using large-scale dangerous driving event data captured by smartphones in different times of day. Multivariate conditional autoregressive (MVCAR) models are developed to jointly account for spatial and temporal dependence of crash observations. Results of two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests affirm the heterogeneity of the safety effects of dangerous driving events in different time periods. Time-dependent hotspots are identified using potential for safety improvement (PSI) metric. The assumption here is that due to the change of traffic conditions and environment across different times of day, safety hotspots for different time periods should be different from each other. According to the results of Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, hotspots identified by times of day are found to be mostly different from each other. The findings of this study provide insights into temporal effects of risk factors and can support the development of time-dependent safety countermeasures. Besides, this study also shows the potential of leveraging anonymized and aggregated dangerous driving data to assess traffic safety issues.
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Condução de Veículo/estatística & dados numéricos , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Smartphone , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Ambiente Construído , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Segurança
BACKGROUND: Pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists are vulnerable to serious injury due to limited external protective devices. Understanding the level of recovery, and differences between these road user groups, is an important step towards improved understanding of the burden of road trauma, and prioritisation of prevention efforts. This study aimed to characterise and describe patient-reported outcomes of vulnerable road users at 6 and 12 months following orthopaedic trauma. METHODS: A registry-based cohort study was conducted using data from the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry (VOTOR) and included pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists who were hospitalised for an orthopaedic injury following an on-road collision that occurred between January 2009 and December 2016. Outcomes were measured using the 3-level EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D-3â¯L), Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOS-E) and return to work questions. Outcomes were collected at 6 and 12 months post-injury. Multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE), adjusted for confounders, were used to compare outcomes between the road user groups over time. RESULTS: 6186 orthopaedic trauma patients met the inclusion criteria during the 8-year period. Most patients were motorcyclists (42.8%) followed by cyclists (32.6%) and pedestrians (24.6%). Problems were most prevalent on the usual activities item of the EQ-5D-3â¯L at 6-months post-injury, and the pain/discomfort item of the EQ-5D-3â¯L at 12 months. The adjusted odds of reporting problems on all EQ-5D-3â¯L items were lower for cyclists when compared to pedestrians. Moreover, an average cyclist had a greater odds of a good recovery on the GOS-E, (AOR 2.75, 95% CI 2.33, 3.25) and a greater odds of returning to work (AORâ¯=â¯3.13, 95% CI 2.46, 3.99) compared to an average pedestrian. CONCLUSION: Pedestrians and motorcyclists involved in on-road collisions experienced poorer patient-reported outcomes at 6 and 12 months post-injury when compared to cyclists. A focus on both primary injury prevention strategies, and investment in ongoing support and treatment to maximise recovery, is necessary to reduce the burden of road trauma for vulnerable road users.
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade de Vida , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/reabilitação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Ciclismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Motocicletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Pedestres/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema de Registros , Adulto Jovem
In many countries, motorcycle taxis remain an important mode of travel due to their fast, flexible, and inexpensive service. The recent advent of ride-hailing services has led to dramatic growth in the fleet of motorcycle taxis and additional types of motorcycle taxi drivers. Furthermore, mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle is an emerging safety issue, particularly among ride-hailing motorcycle taxi drivers. This paper investigates mobile phone use while riding, crashes and mobile phone related crashes among ride-hailing, traditional, and hybrid motorcycle taxi drivers, using data from a survey in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results show that ride-hailing motorcycle taxi drivers had the highest prevalence of mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle taxi (95.3%), followed by hybrid (88.6%) and traditional taxi drivers (64%). Approximately 32.6%, 19.3%, and 9.7% of motorcycle taxi drivers reported being involved in a crash, injury crash, and mobile phone related crash respectively. Mobile phone related crashes represent 20.5% of all reported crashes. Logistic and negative binomial regression were used to explore factors influencing mobile phone use while riding and crash frequencies. Regression results indicate that ride-hailing taxi drivers were more likely to be involved in a mobile phone related crash. Delivery trips were found to be associated with increases in crashes whereas passenger trips were found to be associated with decreases in crashes. Policy implications are also discussed.
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso do Telefone Celular/estatística & dados numéricos , Motocicletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vietnã/epidemiologia
BACKGROUND: Rollover crashes of buses occur less frequently than do those involving passenger cars; however, they are associated with higher fatality rates. During rollover crashes, a vehicle experiences multidirectional acceleration and multiple impacts, yielding a complex interaction between structural components and its occupants. A better understanding of vehicle and occupant's motion, structural deformation, and vehicle and road interactions are necessary to improve the safety of the occupants during this event. One of the key factors in rollover crashworthiness assessment is to investigate the relationship between the strength of the vehicle's structure and the risk of injury outcomes. However, rollover crashes involving buses have received less research attention than have those involving passenger cars. Experimental studies in bus rollover safety have mainly focused on the structural integrity of the passenger compartment without considering the occupant responses. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the rollover mechanism and associated injury risk during two experimental rollover tests for a paratransit cutaway bus that is commonly used by transit agencies. METHODS: The modified dolly rollover (MDR) and tilt table (TT) tests were conducted using a similar bus and anthropomorphic test device (ATD) configurations. In each test, a 2-point and 3-point belted Hybrid III 50th percent male ATDs were used to quantify the kinematics of the occupants. The deformation index (DI), accelerations and angular velocities of the bus's CG were measured as vehicle responses. The collected data were then calibrated and filtered to assess the effects of the test procedure on kinematic responses of the vehicle and occupants. Next, the effectiveness of the 2-point vs 3-point seatbelt to reduce or prevent the injuries, the vulnerable body regions and corresponded injury risk were evaluated. RESULTS: The residual space remained intact (DIâ¯<â¯1) during both rollover tests, however, the ATD responses were quite different. The results of the injury assessment indicate that the risk of the injuries in the MDR test was significantly higher than the TT test. The highest risk of injuries was identified for the head, neck, and shoulder of 2-point belted ATD during the MDR test. Also, the main source of injuries during the MDR test was partial ejection due to the shattered side window, whereas for the TT test impacts between the ATDs and the side window and/or window frame were the injury causes. From the vehicle point of view, the total energy produced in the MDR was 3.5 times higher than the TT test, but the overall structural deformation in the TT test was higher than MDR test. Overall, the tilt table test provides a more severe scenario compared to the MDR test for the assessment of structural strength. Considering the limited real-world injury data in rollover crashes of buses, the MDR test presented the more realistic occupant responses.
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Veículos Automotores , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Cintos de Segurança/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle
This study aimed to develop an industry-specific tool to identify risk of poor physical and mental recovery following minor to moderate injuries sustained in a road traffic crash (RTC). Existing tools are often designed for implementation by health professionals rather than insurer case managers who may not have a background in health. This study is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study using data collected at 2-6 months and 24 months post-RTC. Participants were claimants (nâ¯=â¯254; Mean ageâ¯=â¯50 years; 65% female) with mild-moderate injuries recruited through the common-law 'fault-based' compulsory third party scheme in Queensland, Australia. Sociodemographic, functional and psychological health factors were collected at baseline (2-6 months post RTC) and used as potential predictors for physical and mental health-related quality of life (Short Form 36 v2) at the 2-year follow-up. The LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) analysis identified six disability items (from the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2) to predict poor physical and one item to predict poor mental health-related quality of life. Logistic regressions of these items in addition to age and gender were used to develop a screening tool. Using the tool, 90% of those at risk of poor physical and 80% of those at risk of poor mental health-related quality of life were identified correctly. To conclude, this study presents an 8-item, context-specific tool to help injury managers identify individuals at risk of poor physical and mental health recovery following mild-moderate RTC-related injuries. The tool requires validation in a new cohort and confirmation of acceptability by end-users.
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/psicologia , Avaliação da Deficiência , Qualidade de Vida , Ferimentos e Lesões , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Queensland , Medição de Risco , Ferimentos e Lesões/psicologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/reabilitação
The sequence of instantaneous driving decisions and its variations, known as driving volatility, prior to involvement in safety critical events can be a leading indicator of safety. This study focuses on the component of "driving volatility matrix" related to specific normal and safety-critical events, named "event-based volatility." The research issue is characterizing volatility in instantaneous driving decisions in the longitudinal and lateral directions, and how it varies across drivers involved in normal driving, crash, and/or near-crash events. To explore the issue, a rigorous quasi-experimental study design is adopted to help compare driving behaviors in normal vs unsafe outcomes. Using a unique real-world naturalistic driving database from the 2nd Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP), a test set of 9593 driving events featuring 2.2 million temporal samples of real-world driving are analyzed. This study features a plethora of kinematic sensors, video, and radar spatiotemporal data about vehicle movement and therefore offers the opportunity to initiate such exploration. By using information related to longitudinal and lateral accelerations and vehicular jerk, 24 different aggregate and segmented measures of driving volatility are proposed that captures variations in extreme instantaneous driving decisions. In doing so, careful attention is given to the issue of intentional vs. unintentional volatility. The volatility indices, as leading indicators of near-crash and crash events, are then linked with safety critical events, crash propensity, and other event specific explanatory variables. Owing to the presence of unobserved heterogeneity and omitted variable bias, fixed- and random-parameter discrete choice models are developed that relate crash propensity to unintentional driving volatility and other factors. Statistically significant evidence is found that driver volatilities in near-crash and crash events are significantly greater than volatility in normal driving events. After controlling for traffic, roadway, and unobserved factors, the results suggest that greater intentional volatility increases the likelihood of both crash and near-crash events. A one-unit increase in intentional volatility is associated with positive vehicular jerk in longitudinal direction increases the chance of crash and near-crash outcome by 15.79 and 12.52 percentage points, respectively. Importantly, intentional volatility in positive vehicular jerk in lateral direction has more negative consequences than intentional volatility in positive vehicular jerk in longitudinal direction. Compared to acceleration/deceleration, vehicular jerk can better characterize the volatility in microscopic instantaneous driving decisions prior to involvement in safety critical events. Finally, the magnitudes of correlations exhibit significant heterogeneity, and that accounting for the heterogeneous effects in the modeling framework can provide more reliable and accurate results. The study demonstrates the value of quasi-experimental study design and big data analytics for understanding extreme driving behaviors in safe vs. unsafe driving outcomes.
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Condução de Veículo/psicologia , Aceleração/efeitos adversos , Big Data , Bases de Dados Factuais , Desaceleração/efeitos adversos , Tomada de Decisões , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados não Aleatórios como Assunto
Traffic accidents can take place in very different ways and involve a substantially distinct number and types of vehicles. Thus, it is of interest to know which parts of a road structure present an overrepresentation of a specific type of traffic accident, specially for some typologies of collisions and vehicles that tend to trigger more severe consequences for the users being involved. In this study, a spatial approach is followed to estimate the risk that different types of collisions and vehicles present in the central area of Valencia (Spain), considering the accidents observed in this city during the period 2014-2017. A directed spatial linear network representing the non-pedestrian road structure of the area of interest was employed to guarantee an accurate analysis of the point pattern. A kernel density estimation technique was used to approximate the probability of risk along the network for each collision and vehicle type. A procedure based on these estimates and the sample size locally available within the network was designed and tested to determine a set of differential risk hotspots for each typology of accident considered. A Monte Carlo based simulation process was then defined to assess the statistical significance of each of the differential risk hotspots found, allowing the elaboration of rankings of importance and the possible rejection of the least significant ones.
AssuntosAcidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Veículos Automotores/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/classificação , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Ambiente Construído , Humanos , Método de Monte Carlo , Veículos Automotores/classificação , Medição de Risco , Espanha , Análise Espacial
Traffic safety analysis at the macroscopic level usually relies on previously defined areal traffic analysis zones (TAZs) that are used as the units of investigation. Hence, statistical inference is made on the basis of such units, implying that the consideration of a certain TAZ configuration may influence the results and conclusions achieved. Regarding this, the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a well-known issue in the field of spatial statistics, which refers to the effects that arise in statistical properties and estimations when there is a change in areal units of analysis. In this paper, the consequences of MAUP have been investigated through a dataset of traffic crashes that occurred in Valencia within the years 2014 and 2015 and two common statistical models: a conditional autoregressive model and a geographically weighted regression. In the absence of an established TAZ scheme for the city, four classes of basic spatial units (BSUs) were considered: census tracts, hexagonal units and two types with construction based on the structure of main roads and intersections of the city. Each of these BSU types was specified at different levels of spatial aggregation. The main research objective was to investigate the final effects that changes in BSU type and scale have on model parameter estimations, but also the specific alterations that MAUP causes to data in terms of the distributional characteristics of the response, multicollinearity among the covariates and covariates' spatial autocorrelation. The results showed the presence and severity of MAUP for the dataset and area that were analysed. Although effects from scale variations were more moderate, changing the BSU type affected the results severely. The joint use of hexagonal units and a conditional autoregressive model achieved the best performance among all the possibilities explored, but the choice of a proper BSU unit should rely on more factors. Despite MAUP effects, educational centres showed a consistent (and negative) association with traffic crashes, a fact possibly related to their distribution across the whole city. Other covariates revealed a positive correlation with crash counts, but these findings were more uncertain given the discrepancies found at different scales and zonings.

subset: commoncrawl


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Employment-At-Will Doctrine Employees in the workforce take for granted having a positive attitude and doing a good defines job protection. However, that theory is false; workers are employed at the grace and mercy of the organization. Employees in the United States are not safe from losing their jobs. Most of them are unaware that they can be fired at any given moment for no apparent reasons. That is why is it important that employers and employees understand their legal rights under the employment-at-will-doctrine
and individual bargaining systems that are in place in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) have numerous similarities and differences. This essay concentrates on the extent and location of collective and individual bargaining in these two countries. Collective bargaining is the process whereby workers organise collectively and bargain with employers regarding the workplace. In various national labour and employment law contexts, collective bargaining takes on a more specific
the employment at will doctrine does not protect the employee population in the United States. The fact that if you look at the way the doctrine is written it protects the employers and firms, and this as a result creates discrimination. This in itself creates an unsafe and sometime unstable work environment because of the potential for high turnover, costly training, and low morale amongst employees. There are certain factors that must be considered within the employee at will doctrine such
Ethics of the At-Will Doctrine Have you ever wondered what the term "at-will employment" means? According to Cornell University Law School, the employment-at-will doctrine "refers to the presumption that employment is for an indefinite period of time and may be terminated either by employer or employee" (n.d., para. 1). This doctrine is said to level the playing field between employee and employer as each party can end their relationship at-will. At-will employment however is not equally applied
and or constructive discharges have all sufficed to erode the power of the At- Will employment doctrine. Furthermore, employees would benefit from uniform written employment policies by clearly understanding the companies tolerance toward unacceptable workplace behavior. A clearly written handbook that does not imply that employment is life long, but instead states that the company follows an At-will Employment policy sends both a strong and unambiguous message that terminations can and will occur
Employment at-will Employment at will is a common law that governs work relationships in most states in the U.S. The rule states that if an employee is contracted by an employer for an indefinite period of time then the contract can be terminated by either the employee or the employer at any time and for any given reason unless there is another law in places that guide otherwise. This simply implies that if an employee is hired under the 'at will' law then the employer can fire the employee for
objectives and desired end state are undoubtable and are increasing continuously. Modern technologies and innovations provide with capabilities, which integrate the use of air domain, space domain and cyber domain. This tendency turns airpower into a new hybrid-type of power which inherits as well the attributes of air, space and cyber powers. In the United States (US), Air Force integrates nuclear, air, space and cyber space capabilities and as it is written in Air force Doctrine, it is "the nation's
The "at-will" doctrine is a rule of contract law. The rule sets the standard that an employee can quit/resign their position at any time and an employer can terminate an employee at any time and for any non-discretionary reason. Because the at-will doctrine is a contract rule, both the employer and employee are free and able to change it by agreement. However, if their agreement is silent on the question of how the employee can be terminated, then the employee can be discharged without warning
The corporate practice of medicine (CPOM) usually denotes employment of physicians. Every state has its own statutes governing the licensing of physicians and makes it a criminal offense to practice medicine without proper licensure. It also prohibits business corporations from practicing medicine or employing a physician to provide professional medical services. Through this, the American Medical Association sought to ensure that only licensed medical professionals practice medicine and prevent
place to safeguard both the employee and the employer. By creating the employment at will law; both the employer and employee are able to cancel the contract at any time without consequence. "Employment at-will means that employers are able to terminate ones employment at any time, for any cause - with or without notice", Rogers, S. 2012. By the late 1800's the doctrine "At Will Employment" was established in the United States. The principle was valued at first by the employers because it allowed


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Ford Edge SEL
Come test drive this 2016 Ford Edge. The engine breathes better thanks to a turbocharger, improving both performance and economy. It's equipped with tons of terrific amenities, but it won't break your budget. Like power windows, mirrors, and seats, delay-off headlights, a tachometer, front dual-zone air conditioning, tilt and telescoping steering wheel, heated door mirrors, an overhead console, and remote keyless entry. Ford also prioritized safety and security by including: dual front impact airbags with occupant sensing airbag, front side impact airbags, traction control, brake assist, a panic alarm, an emergency communication system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. Various mechanical systems are monitored by electronic stability control, keeping you on your intended path. A Carfax history report provides you peace of mind by detailing information related to past owners and service records. Our experienced sales staff is eager to share its knowledge and enthusiasm with you. They'll work with you to find the right vehicle at a price you can afford. We are here to help you.


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Program Details
Dakota State University offers an online Associate of Arts in General Studies degree. This liberal arts degree is designed for students who are still undecided about their future career path, providing them freedom to explore diverse disciplines for options. In addition, this can be used as an entry program for those who want to enter higher education programs but need more credentials first. General education courses make up half of the credit hours with students choosing additional credits and electives from any discipline, allowing them to test different areas of study. You can build your own liberal arts degree program and tailor it to fit your needs. Regardless of the courses you choose to complete this degree, you will become knowledgeable and comfortable with technology in a variety of venues as it is integrated into all degree programs.
Meet at least one of the following requirements:
- Get an ACT composite score of 18 or above, or get a subscore on the SAT Reasoning Test Math and Critical Reading of 870 or above
- Earn a cumulative GPA of 2.6 on a 4.0 scale (or equivalent)
- Rank in the upper 60% of your high school graduating class
- Complete the GED with a combined score of a minimum of 2250 and a minimum of 410 on each test
School Accreditation Statement
Higher Learning Commission


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Museum of Consciousness. Ineffable Mysteries From Shpongleland. Ineffable Mysteries from Shpongleland is the fourth studio album by Shpongle released on 2 November The album's track list was released on 12 August via Twisted Records's website. Songs from the album began to trickle to the public in live form, being played at many of Shpongle's concerts.
Previews of the album were made available through Twisted Music's official audio player. The album was ranked at 7 on Sputnik's Best Of list.
Stylistically, the album is the culmination of what began with their previous album Nothing Lasts But Nothing Is Lost, in the sense that it contains much more emphasis on world music influences and parts performed on various instruments by Posford, Ram and guest musicians, compared to first two albums which were heavier on sampling and with more influences from dub and electronic dance music.
As one of more interesting bits of instrumental work, the track "Nothing is Something Worth Doing" is built around novel melodic percussive instrument Hang, and lines played by Austrian Hang player Manu Delago. The cover artwork was created by Storm Thorgerson. Nothing Lasts The ramblings of some guy in Divine Moments of Truth, or the sudden breakdowns through scattered throughout the album. The album starts out with Shpongle Falls with a slow long buildup.
The clearness of water droplets hitting upon a surface break down in between the first two tracks which just showcases the pristine production on the album. Vapour Rumors starts out a slow drifty flute track until climaxing into a staccato flute and synth driven beats.
Shpongle Spores stays relatively tame when coupled with Behind Closed Eyelids prize to whoever figures out what their referencing to hah the odd noises throughout the song is used to only enhance the music with enough changes to not bore the listener. If I were to point any flaws the album is a little on the longer side, clocking in at an hour 18 min listening all the way through can be daunting but it does change enough to rarely drag on. The problem with this album is in comparison, Tales of the Inexpressible this album does not seem to be as varied or diverse.
This music is certainly not for everybody as most would probably find it too weird or out there and no clear melodies or direction may put off a first time listener. It is an intense album at times with peaks and valleys and much in between. Shpongle would go on to release two more albums to form a trilogy and while this may not be my favorite album of theirs, it does fit second on the list.
The music on the disc is definitely a long ways away with mainstream music of today as a huge leap. Wednesday 24 July Thursday 25 July Friday 26 July Saturday 27 July Sunday 28 July Monday 29 July Tuesday 30 July Wednesday 31 July Thursday 1 August Friday 2 August Saturday 3 August Sunday 4 August Monday 5 August Tuesday 6 August Wednesday 7 August Thursday 8 August Friday 9 August Saturday 10 August Sunday 11 August Monday 12 August Tuesday 13 August Wednesday 14 August Thursday 15 August Friday 16 August Saturday 17 August Sunday 18 August Monday 19 August Tuesday 20 August Wednesday 21 August Thursday 22 August Friday 23 August Saturday 24 August Sunday 25 August Monday 26 August Tuesday 27 August Wednesday 28 August Thursday 29 August Friday 30 August Saturday 31 August Sunday 1 September Big Pause.
Pablo Arias. Bela Winden. Taiga Dream. Dark Hurricane. Krista Carter. Adam Brown. Soul Beat Runna. Bruno der Frosch. The Dood. Kushal Prasad. Paturn Juglar. Ralf Baumgartner. Nothing Lasts But Nothing Is Lost.
This iconic album has been remastered and the packaging has been painstakingly upgraded, making Nothing Lasts, our most super-deluxe release to date. Due to the bespoke design and unique construction of the sleeve as well as the complex printing process of all the features involved, this item also has a premium price tag, making it the ultimate collectors item.
Younger Brother. In Dub. Various Artists. Dialogue of the Speakers. Drink the Sea. The Glitch Mob.
On 33 Music Lists. Add a Comment. Kaleid February 13th Comments. Catchthe22 February 13th 95 Comments. Apocalyptic Raids February 13th Comments. Sepstrup February 13th Comments. I need to listen to some Shpongle AlienEater February 13th Comments. I'm vaguely interested in this band. Nadinus March 20th 21 Comments. Psilocyanide May 19th Comments. June 16th Comments.
Are you experienced? ShponglesSoundTribe July 14th 16 Comments. SowerKraut October 8th Comments. HitlerIsGod April 29th Comments. You have to be logged in to post a comment. Login Create a Profile. Site Copyright Sputnikmusic. We are very proud of this album and confident that you will never see another record, as beautiful or as lovingly put together as this one! Hand Finished. Purchasable with gift card. Botanical Dimensions Remastered Outer Shpongolia Remastered Levitation Nation Remastered Periscopes Of Consciousness Remastered Schmaltz Herring Remastered Remastered Shnitzled In The Negev Remastered But Nothing Is Lost Remastered When Shall I Be Free?
Circuits Of The Imagination Remastered Linguistic Mystic Remastered Mentalism Remastered Invocation Remastered Molecular Superstructure Remastered Turn Up The Silence Remastered Exhalation Remastered Connoisseur Of Hallucinations Remastered The Nebbish Route Remastered Falling Awake Remastered Now remastered for It proved to be yet another masterclass in the psychedelic fusion of the worlds between musical genre and sonic geometry.
The album famously features 20 tracks which on vinyl appear as 8 separate tracks designed so that every one flows seamlessly into another, continuously evolving like a musical hologram. Each new sonic world reflecting a psychedelic spectrum of the uniquely altered states of audio reality that Shpongle are renowned for. With every track opening doors to new musical vistas, we are blessed to witness the ever changing sonic scenery that constantly shapeshifts in tone, timbre, tempo and time signature.
Nothing Lasts But Nothing Is Lost effortlessly and seamlessly emerges from one to the next and is a musical journey of such gargantuan portions that they barely fit into a 1 hour epic audio adventure! The mystical maestros undeniably delivered another astounding audio adventure, flipping the sonic switch for tripping without a hitch and earning its rightful place of any psychedelic connoisseur. Shpongle Spores Side B1. Please note we are not responsible for any delays caused by destination customs clearance processes or customs clearance fees in destination countries.
Includes unlimited streaming of Are You Shpongled? Sold Out. Shpongle Falls Remastered Monster Hit Remastered Vapour Rumours Remastered Shpongle Spores Remastered Behind Closed Eyelids Remastered Divine Moments Of Truth Remastered Shpongle - Are You Shpongled? Shpongle came to light 20 years ago, emerging from the burgeoning Trance music scene.
The Shpongle sound was formed out of the desire to share another side of the psychedelic spectrum of music and in doing so established themselves as important innovators and arguably, inventors of genres we now know as PsyChill, Psybient, Psydub or Psybreaks.
Are you Shpongled? Each one taking the listener on a journey, with sensurround sounds emerging from the caves of tribal reality. Across the globe, both seasoned aficionados and new sonic surfers alike take delight in the original worlds of sound explored by these visionary pioneers on their debut album which still takes pride of place in many collections.
The Shpongle sound planted sonic seeds in fertile imaginations across the world and over the past 2 decades their fanbase has grown exponentially, creating an unforgettable impression on the minds ear of all who listen. With a full live band to compliment their studio origins, Shpongle have been headlining large scale concerts and festivals across the globe, most notably two sell out shows at The Roundhouse London in and more recently their legendary performance at Red Rocks in Colorado where Shpongle performed to a sell out crowd of They have also completed numerous tours of the USA with stateside crowds showing huge love for the band and establishing a loyal following.
Remastered by Kevin at Soundmasters. International Shipping: All orders are shipped with full value of items declared. Tags electronic ambient chill out chillout electronica London. Tales Of The Inexpressible Remastered.
Bandcamp Album of the Day Dec 3, go to album. On Bandcamp Radio.


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Who is the speaker in the poem?
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In the poem, "Barbie Doll" by Marge Piercy, the speaker narrates and observes the anonymous girl's life as she attempts to cope with fitting into the expected role of women. The speaker could well be the poet, herself, because Piercy is considered a feminist who has fought for women's rights and their individuality so as not to be forced into the hollow mold of society's expectations.
The third person narrator of the poem begins the first stanza describing the "girlchild's" birth and youth with the typical toys girls are given such as wetting dolls, toy kitchens, and candy lipstick. These are significant images as they shape what society expects women to become: mothers, housekeepers, and sexual beings. However, the girl in the poem is intelligent, strong, sexual, and capable, all at the same time. Ironically, however, she does not have the Barbie doll...
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Comparative Literary Evaluation
Mrs. Kershetsky
Elevates English 12
1 August 2013
The Calamity Brought on by Power Famished People
In the event that you where placed onto a stuck island in the center of nowhere without hope penalized rescued, your most civilized person would turn to savagery by the end. This really is a fact regarding human nature, and at one point humans drop their morals and values. In The Crucible and the God of the Lures, both writers, Miller and Golding, demonstrate evil in nature, the fight for fact, and mafia mentality in certain situations. Abigail Williams and Jack the two become extremely power starving by the end and show the wicked in mother nature, while Ruben Proctor and Simon are searching for the truth, and Mary Warren and SamnEric follow the mob mentality that is going around. Inside the Crucible, Abigail Williams is first seen as a kid speaking the truth and pointing out the people in the town who have are " witches". Everyone in the area believes her and her group of friends. But as the lady realizes that she has the power to condemn any individual as a witch, she overuses that power. Since Abigail desires to be around John Proctor, but he's not willing to be with her due to his wife, Abigail decides to sentence Elizabeth Proctor as a witch, so that she would be able to be with John. This kind of clearly displays how persons can use their particular power that they may have for his or her own great and use it pertaining to evil. This occurs in The Lord from the Flies once Jack gradually becomes a lot more power famished. Throughout the new, Jack often wants to become chief yet Ralph is chosen while chief and this did not you should Jack. But since the novel progresses, Jack slowly turns to savagery, and the other folks follow Jack with his savagery. An example is definitely his crazy hunts for pigs, fantastic crazy dances after getting rid of the this halloween. He seems much more effective as more people start to enjoy killings pigs with him and he starts to form a kind of mob. " His mind was crowded with memories: memories in the knowledge that got come to them if they closed in for the struggling this halloween,...
Cited: Golding, William. В Lord of the Lures. В New You are able to: Coward-McCann, 1962. Print.
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The chiefest question for all French Governments since 1789 has been how to satisfy the working and poorer classes of Paris. Overlooking, or not solving this question, they have one after another been overthrown. Any Government that rests on the empty stomachs of its subjects is sure to " cave in." Parliamentary, or other such opposition, is but the occasional cause of their fall. View Full Article in Timesmachine »


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Minister of State for Information Technology chairs briefing session
Islamabad, June 17, 2013 (PPI-OT): Minister of State for Information Technology, Anusha Rahman here Monday chaired a briefing session with the National ICT R and D fund on the research done in the next generation technology. Some already completed projects were discussed for operationalization and potential commercialization.
It was discussed how Government of Pakistan can further facilitate effective utilization of researched and development already conducted in IT and T sector by R and D funding. The meeting was attended by senior officials of the Ministry and ICT R and D fund.
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Tech conglomerate SoftBank wants to raise a few trillion yen by offering some of its Japanese operator up for public consumption.
Around a third of SoftBank Japan's shares will be served up in an initial public offering that is expected to raise around 2.4 trillion yen (21 billion bucks). If things go really well it could even challenge Alibaba for the biggest ever IPO, which would come in handy for a group that is especially exuberant in its spending.
"Through the listing of SB shares, SBG expects that the respective roles and valuations of the two companies will be clear," said the announcement. "SBG is accelerating investments on a global scale, while SB is a core company to the Group's telecommunications business. It is hoped that each of the two companies will be able to provide information regarding their businesses to the market with greater clarity and thereby better respond to the various needs of investors.
An alternative way of looking at it is that SoftBank Group is a bit short of cash and has decided that a sport of equity release from one of its subsidiary companies is the best way to get hold of the kind of cash it needs. As well as big acquisitions such as ARM, the group seems more concerned with general tech investment these days. This IPO seems to have been on the cards for a while, but it remains to be seen how much, if any, of the cash raised will be reinvested in SoftBank's, Japanese network.
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13 December 2019 @ 10:22:32 UTC


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|Date Added:
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