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Chas Smith — Descent
(Cold Blue CB0023, 2006, CD)
by Peter Thelen, Published 2006-05-01Like opening a portal into a dreamworld, Chas Smith's music pulls the listener in immediately. The disc contains two sidelong tracks and a shorter ten minute closer, all explorations in electroacoustic minimalism and adventurous ambient dronescapes. His main instrument is steel guitar, but you won't hear much of it here except when heavily processed beyond recognition. Likewise the flutes, zither, voices, and an array of home-made instruments all contributing to the maelstrom of sound that swirls and churns at several levels in densely layered clusters that morph slowly as they evolve. Less than five minutes into the opening title cut, the sound begins to drift off into a microtonal world, almost as if someone is carefully manipulating the tape speed for maximum disorienting effect. And who would have thought that music could be made from the sounds of jet planes as heard from the ground? But that's exactly where we go on the second track, with multiple jet planes processed through notch filters and overlaid into a thick blanket of sonic peril, sounding much like the fabric that holds the universe together coming unglued. In time the planes are joined by other mysterious sonic events and textures as the piece evolves, unfolds, and eventually transforms into something more peaceful and serene. While much of the production here amounts to smoke and mirrors, it's not the processes that are important, but instead the end result, and on that level Smith succeeds brilliantly.
Filed under: New releases, Issue 33, 2006 releases
Related artist(s): Chas Smith
Glenn Smith RIP – Glenn Smith, founder, mandolinist, and primary composer of the DeLand, Florida based prog / fusion band Magnatar, passed away on October 18th 2019 at the age of 68, after a brief illness. » Read more
Dino Brassea RIP – Word reaches us of the passing of Dino Brassea, who sang and played flute in Cast for many years. By our count, Brassea appeared on 11 Cast albums between 1994 and 2002. He also released music as a solo artist. » Read more
Ginger Baker RIP – Legendary English drummer Ginger Baker has died at the age of 80. After coming to fame with Cream in the 60s alongside Eric Clapton and Jack Bruce, he became one of the most recognized and influential drummers of the rock era. On September 25, his family announced that he was critically ill, and on October 6 his death was confirmed. » Read more
Alex's Hand Seeks Spa Treatment – American / European band Alex's Hand has a new album in the works called Hungarian Spa, which looks to be their biggest and best yet, featuring a large roster of guest musicians. They're seeking funding to take the project on the road, and are looking for help from the crowd of wisdom. » Read more
Legendary Co-Founder of The 13th Floor Elevators Passes Away at Age 71 – Sadly, Roky Erickson passed away on May 31, 2019. Known as the father of psychedelic music and co-founder of the ground breaking 13th Floor Elevators, Roky had a profound influence on music from the 60s to today. Plagued by his own personal demons, Roky had a difficult life and is now free of these burdens. » Read more
Robert Schroeder - Brainchips (Vocal Version) – Robert Schroeder is back at last. Many years have passed, eleven years even, since Everdreams came out in 1994. After such a while, it's a rarity that composers haven't been touched by time. On... (2006) » Read more


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
The modified Atkins diet reduces seizure frequency by more than 50% in 43% of patients who try it and by more than 90% in 27% of patients.[18] Few adverse effects have been reported, though cholesterol is increased and the diet has not been studied long term.[48] Although based on a smaller data set (126 adults and children from 11 studies over five centres), these results from 2009 compare favourably with the traditional ketogenic diet.[18]
2 week keto diet weight loss
I wanted to put it out there that I made this meal plan specifically with women in mind. I took an average of about 150 women and what their macros were. The end result was 1600 calories – broken down into 136g of fat, 74g of protein, and 20g net carbs a day. This is all built around a sedentary lifestyle, like most of us live. If you need to increase or decrease calories, you will need to do that on your own terms.
keto diet negative side effects
The ketogenic diet is not a benign, holistic, or natural treatment for epilepsy; as with any serious medical therapy, complications may result.[28] These are generally less severe and less frequent than with anticonvulsant medication or surgery.[28] Common but easily treatable short-term side effects include constipation, low-grade acidosis, and hypoglycaemia if an initial fast is undertaken. Raised levels of lipids in the blood affect up to 60% of children[38] and cholesterol levels may increase by around 30%.[28] This can be treated by changes to the fat content of the diet, such as from saturated fats towards polyunsaturated fats, and if persistent, by lowering the ketogenic ratio.[38] Supplements are necessary to counter the dietary deficiency of many micronutrients.[18]
What fruit is lowest in carbs
Milk (only small amounts of raw, full-fat milk is allowed). Milk is not recommended for several reasons. Firstly, all the dairy products, milk is difficult to digest, as it lacks the "good" bacteria (eliminated through pasteurization) and may even contain hormones. Secondly, it is quite high in carbs (4-5 grams of carbs per 100 ml). For coffee and tea, replace milk with cream in reasonable amounts. You may have a small amount of raw milk but be aware of the extra carbs. Lastly, farmers in the United States use genetically engineered bovine growth hormone (rBGH). rBGH is injected to dairy cows to increase milk production. Opt for full-fat dairy labeled "NO rBGH".
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There's also some evidence that it might help with type 2 diabetes. "An emerging body of research is finding that a keto plan may have some real benefits thanks to its ability to improve the body's ability to use insulin and also help control appetite, which can result in easier weight loss," says Karen Ansel, R.D.N., co-author of Healthy in a Hurry.
The beauty of salmon is that you can cook it with marginal interference. A simple sauce of butter, lemon juice, chopped garlic, and some salt and pepper will go a long way to enhancing the natural flavor of the salmon. Drizzle the sauce over 4-6 oz portions of fish, bake at 450F for 5 minutes per 1/2″ thickness of fish. In another bowl, toss the asparagus with olive oil, salt, and pepper, spread it out evenly on a cookie sheet, and roast in the oven at 450 for 20 minutes. Easy dinner (with leftovers if you plan ahead) that's full of nutrition, protein, and healthy fat, while keeping your carbs low. Get the recipe and instructions
What happens when you go Keto
If you choose to make your sauces and gravies, you should consider investing in guar or xanthan gum. It's a thickener that's well known in modern cooking techniques and lends a hand to low carb by thickening otherwise watery sauces. Luckily there are many sauces to choose from that are high fat and low carb. If you're in need of a sauce then consider making a beurre blanc, hollandaise or simply brown butter to top meats with.
Is keto or Atkins better
Keto breath, on the other hand, is less of a side-effect and more of a harmless inconvenience (your breath literally smells like nail polish remover). Basically, when your body breaks down all that extra fat on the keto diet, it produces ketones—one of which is the chemical acetone, Keatley previously told WomensHealthMag.com. (Yes, the same stuff that's in nail polish remover.)
How do you stop leg cramps fast
If you've decided to move forward in trying the keto diet, you will want to stick to the parameters of the eating plan. Roughly 60 to 80 percent of your calories will come from fats. That means you'll eat meats, fats, and oils, and a very limited amount of nonstarchy vegetables, she says. (This is different from a traditional low-carb diet, as even fewer carbs are allowed on the keto diet.)
Is C diff sexually transmitted
Reduced hunger. Many people experience a marked reduction in hunger on a keto diet. This may be caused by an increased ability of the body to be fueled by its fat stores. Many people feel great when they eat just once or twice a day, and may automatically end up doing a form of intermittent fasting. This saves time and money, while also speeding up weight loss.
Can I use agar agar instead of xanthan gum
I would love to share your journey on my blog. If you are planning to start this keto diet, please take before pictures, progress pictures, keep a food diary, and keep track of your weight and measurements. Then when you are ready maybe at your halfway point, or once you reach your goal weight, you can send me your results for me to share with others.
I have PCOS as well. Research a PCOS-specific diet. It often overlaps with Keto or Paleo recipes. But you have to also avoid holstein cow produced dairy products, red meat, pork, soy products (which are in almost every processed food) in addition to carbs and sugar. And absolutely avoid anything you can't be sure doesn't have extra hormones injected into it (like many mass-farmed meats). Vigorous exercise is also necessary to lose weight when you have PCOS (It's much, much more difficult for us to lose weight than people with normal hormonal balances).
vit d on keto diet
People use a ketogenic diet most often to lose weight, but it can help manage certain medical conditions, like epilepsy, too. It also may help people with heart disease, certain brain diseases, and even acne, but there needs to be more research in those areas. Talk with your doctor first to find out if it's safe for you to try a ketogenic diet, especially if you have type 1 diabetes.


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Published at Monday, August 19th, 2019 - 00:08:24 AM. Kids Worksheet. By Roxanne Allain.
Once you know what your child should be working on in a particular grade, search for worksheets that fill those needs. Look for worksheets that have complete instructions that are easy for you and your child to understand. If your child studied fractions during the last school year but just did not quite get it, do not worry. Use printable fraction worksheets found on the internet to review with him. These worksheets will not cost you a dime and you can find all you need. Consider having your child do one quick worksheet two to three times per week during the summer as a stress-free way to review his fractions. When the child does not have a full load of schoolwork, they often do not mind doing a couple of worksheets. This is an excellent way to review a difficult subject such as fractions and it keeps the subject fresh in your child has mind. So whether you need to save money in your home school or your child needs extra help with fractions, try using printable fraction worksheets today to save money and make homeschooling just a little bit easier on you.
Back to school is a fun time for educational games for kids, which can help them fill their free time with fun activities and games while working on reading and math skills. Kids love to be engaged while reading. Interacting with kids after reading is a great way to get them to read more. With the worksheets and lesson plans available, kids will have the opportunity to continue their reading activities and turn it into a learning process. Kids also like to get a break while learning and do other activities such as arts and crafts for kids and coloring pictures for kids.
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text:
TCP/IP network station
Latest Packet:
Position Packet
Receive Time:
APMI06 via qAR,IU2HEE-10
Unknown by Microsat
Latest Forwarded:
Receive Time:
Latest Comment:
iGate&W1-20do VILLA D'OGNA CRLNet.084 firstname.lastname@example.com
Receive Time:
(Received in latest packet)
Latest Status:
http://crlnet.it - WX3IN1 Plus 2.0 - v1.13 (13.9V)
Receive Time:
Latest Telemetry:
Latest Position4:
45.9076666666667, 9.92916666666667
Receive Time:
(Received in latest packet)
Nearby locations:
Villa d'Ogna , Italy 389 yd
Piario , Italy 0.78 miles
Oltressenda Alta , Italy 0.92 miles
Ardesio , Italy 1.97 miles
Piario , Italy 0.78 miles
Oltressenda Alta , Italy 0.92 miles
Ardesio , Italy 1.97 miles
Packet frequency:
30s (Latest 2 packets)
Search for IU2GED at QRZ.COM!
(Link to www.qrz.com)
Nearby stations/objects:
- A packet is either recived from the regular APRS-IS servers or from the CWOP servers. Packets received from the APRS-IS servers are sent from ham radio operators, and packets received from the CWOP servers are sent from citizen weather stations.
- To get a better understanding of the APRS path I recommend reading the explanation written by wa8lmf.
- Used Aprs Device according to the APRS device identification database.
- Position accordning to the Google geocoding service, based on the reported latitude and longitude (if we get no valid position from the Google gecoding service we will show the latitude and longitude).
- This is the Maidenhead Grid Square Locator, used by ham radio operators to specify a location (using few characters).


text:
Stack isn't popping off correct data? - Arduino Stack Exchange most recent 30 from arduino.stackexchange.com 2019-12-07T20:19:53Z https://arduino.stackexchange.com/feeds/question/11870 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf https://arduino.stackexchange.com/q/11870 0 Stack isn't popping off correct data? Preston Shumway https://arduino.stackexchange.com/users/10017 2015-05-15T16:09:23Z 2015-05-15T16:18:39Z
So, I was working on a project where I needed to get a random object from a stack, so to make sure my design was correct, I made a dummy program that does nothing but fill a stack with data, then print it out.

why in the world is nothing coming out of the stack but -1s??

Here's the stack.h file.

http://pastebin.com/vjhNLpNu
 https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/11870/-/11872#11872 3 Answer by Majenko for Stack isn't popping off correct data? Majenko https://arduino.stackexchange.com/users/4143 2015-05-15T16:16:28Z 2015-05-15T16:16:28Z
You're not telling it how big your stack should be, and it defaults to 0 entries, which means nothing gets stored.

class Stack { private: int *p; int top,length; public: Stack(int = 0); <<== CONSTRUCTOR - DEFAULT SIZE IS 0 ~Stack(); void push(int); int pop(); void display(); };

When you make your Stack object you must give it a size for the number of entries in the stack:

Stack stack(4);
 https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/11870/-/11873#11873 1 Answer by Peter Bloomfield for Stack isn't popping off correct data? Peter Bloomfield https://arduino.stackexchange.com/users/42 2015-05-15T16:18:39Z 2015-05-15T16:18:39Z
You never allocate space for the stack.

The way it's written, you need to pass the stack size into the constructor, and then it's fixed for the lifetime of the object; i.e. it won't grow automatically when you call push(). You're not passing anything into the Stack constructor, so the parameter is defaulting to 0, meaning it has zero size.

The solution is to declare the stack something like this:

Stack stack(10);

(10 is just an arbitrary size -- use whatever you expect to need.)

Incidentally, there isn't an effective safeguard in your code to handle an empty stack. The result is that you're technically getting undefined behaviour at the moment when you call push() (it's writing to arbitrary memory locations).


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Sheet Music – Tumne Mujhe Dekha Hokar(Teesri Manzil)
The Sheet Music Score book gives music notes written in 2 notations primarily:
- Tablature Notations (aka Tabs).
- Staff Notations.
And additionally chords will be also available.
Learn How to play & Who is this sheet music for ?
Most noteworthy part is that this Sheet Music / transcription / Notation / Notes book is for both students / learners, teachers, musicians / artists who wants to master Tumne Mujhe Dekha Hokar Song on Guitar / Keyboard / Piano or on any relative instrument also in a precise, better and accurate manner.
About Tumne Mujhe Dekha Hokar Composition
Tumne Mujhe Dekha Hokar is a very popular song from the Bollywood movie Teesri Manzil(English: Third Floor). Which is a 1966 hindi film. Produced by Nasir Hussain. Directed by Vijay Anand. Starring Shammi Kapoor and Asha Parekh. Music by Rahul Dev Burman. Lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri. Sung by Mohammad Rafi, Asha Bhosle.
Also Check – Sheet Music – O Mere Sona Re Sona Re(Teesri Manzil) >>


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T.H.o.R (The Hero of Rockaway) Behind The Scenes of Episode 40
While we await the tally for the votes for our hero. I thought this would be a good time to catch up on some of the behind the scenes artwork. The process that our strip has to go through every wee…
Post to Tumblr


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text: Jose Mourinho plus Pep Guardiola plus Zlatan Ibrahimovic equals Ego overloadThe Sun. es his strike with Nolito and Kelechi IheanachoPA:Press Association7Zlatan Ibrahimovic pulled one back for United before half-timeGetty Images7Wayne Rooney and Pep Guardiola were involved in a heated first-half exchangeEPA7Kelechi Iheanacho struck to double City's lead on 36 minutesPep Guardiola's visitors thoroughly deserved to go in ahead as United looked all at sea – with Wayne Rooney so frustrated he shoved the City boss in an attempt to get the ball back. e former Arsenal playmaker had to deny ?reports he'd has fallen out with new boss Antonio Conte despite not starting a Premier League game this season. end Ian Wright does not agree with the decision to play Ospina in EuropeWenger also has the option of bringing Szczesny back from loan at Roma to challenge Cech and Ospina. Bongarts7Niklas Sule made his full Germany debut?in the recent friendly win over FinlandGetty Images. twitter/kurSCPSUED— Kevin De Bruyne (.DeBruyneKev) September 17, 2016Dream Team ratingsMANCHES. Getty Images6Barcelona were keen for Arsenal right-back Hector Bellerin to returnEPA6Bellerin?in one. 5Grant Leadbitter joined Middlesbrough four years ago from Ipswich5Grant Leadbitter travelled with t. guestIn today's Striker, Nick is welcomed to Florida at gunpoint - but there's a bigger shock in store. The decision was whether to accept Wengers invitation after his £20million release clause was met, or remain with the Premier League champions.


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include(BASEPATH . "cache/randomlinks.dat"); ?>
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October 1st, 2018 | MOTHER 1, Music Talk, Videos
insaneintherainmusic recently posted a jazz/funk cover of "Pollyanna" from the MOTHER soundtrack. He's joined by FamilyJules, Adrisaurus, and Sab Irene, making this an incredibly uplifting collaboration:
The song is also available on all sorts of digital music services (check the YouTube description for more info).
Please make more stuff like this! It's lovely <3
– Poe
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1 Houzz Badge
First Impression Wood Masters (FIWM) is a subsidiary of its parent company, Woodcraft Doors and Moldings. We call ourselves the Wood Masters for good reason. We manufacture solid exterior and interior wooden doors for both homes and offices. You can either select from a range of our pre-designed famous wooden doors or you can customize them according to your personal preferences. We provide our customers with superior doors at great prices.
Services Provided
Custom Exterior Doors, Custom Folding Doors, Custom Interior Doors, Door Repair, Door Sales, Exterior Door Installation, Interior Door Installation, Sliding Door Installation
Areas Served
8 Projects for First Impression Wood Masters
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2 Reviews for First Impression Wood Masters
Project Date
Project Price
They are unreliable and do not stand by their word. They make up stories and lie about what actually occurred.
July 5, 2019
Project Date
May 2015
Project Price
more than $100,000
All of the following was built with solid sapele mahagany. Interior doors along with jams including 5 that were hand carved. Blind boxes for every window in the house, which form the header for each window along with a door on hinges that runs the full length of the bottom of the blind box which can be opened to install/service the blind if necessary. Window casings, door casings and headers, baseboards, and risers and crowns. Ceiling beams in four rooms. Columns, fireplace and one entire wall in the great room are paneled with solid sapele mahogany including hand carving done in some of the panels. A large two door front door was also constructed of solid sapele mahogany.
May 22, 2015Last modified:May 28, 2015
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Name of theSubjectChemical ReactionEngg.-IIChemical Engg.Processes-I
Teaching Scheme(Hrs)
Pract./ Oral
ComprehensivetestsOn all subjectsfrom S.E to B.E-IIndustrial Training(At the end of VISemester -- 4weeks)Project Work
Semester VIIISr.No.12
Name of theSubjectChemical Engg.Processes-IITransportPhenomena
Elective II
AdvancedseparationprocessesProject Work
Name of theSubject
Mass Transfer-I
Chemical Engg.ThermodynamicsIIChemicalEquipmentDesign-I
Soft Skills
IndustrialPollution Control
Mass Transfer-II
Process Dynamics& ControlChemical ReactionEngg.-IComputerApplicationsTotal
Engg. Maths-III
Fluid Mechanics
Engg. Maths-IV
Heat Transfer
Chemical Engg.ThermodynamicsIComputerPractice-IIFluid MachineryTotal
Examination Scheme
3 hours/week
1 hour/week
Term work:
100 marks25 marks
SECTION -1Unit 1 Greens Function: Greens Function for ordinary differential equation. Initial value problem,Final value problem, Construction of Greens function for ordinary differential equations.Unit 2 Linear Differential Equations: Linear Differential Equations with constant coefficients,Homogenous Linear differential equations, Applications of LDE with constant coefficients tochemical engineering problem.Unit 3 Differential Equations Applications: Applications of Differential Equations of first order togeometry, Trajectories. Application of Linear differential equations to chemical Engineeringproblems.SECTION-IIUnit 1 Laplace Transform: Definition, properties of Laplace transforms, transforms of derivatives,transforms of integral, Periodic function, Convolution theorem. Inverse transform, Applications toinitial value boundary problemsUnit 2 Vector Differentiation: Differentiation of vectors, normal and tangential components of velocityand acceleration, Gradient of scalar point function, Directional derivative, Divergence of vectorpoint function, Curl of a vector point function. Irrotational and solenoid vector field.Unit 3 Vector Integration: The line integral, Surface integral, volume integral, Gauss's Divergencetheorem, Stoke's theorem, Green's theorem (Without proof). Irrotational and solenoidal vectorfield.General Instructions:1. For the term work of 25 marks, batch wise tutorials are to be conducted. The number ofstudents per batch should be as per university pattern for practical batches.2. Minimum number of assignments should be 8 covering all topics.Nature of Question paper:1. There will be two sections carrying 50 marks each.2. There will be four questions in each section and three questions should be attempted fromeach section.
Reference Books:1. A text book of Applied Mathematics: Vol. I, II and III by J. N. Wartikar & P. N. Wartikar,Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan, Pune.2. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B. S. Grewal.3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.4. Operations Research by S. D. Sharma5. Operations Research by T. A. Taha4
2. Chemistry I5
Teaching schemeLectures :- 4 hrs. / weekPracticals: - 4 hrs /batch/week
Examination schemeTheory : 100 marksTerm work: 50 marksPractical / Oral: 50 marks
Section I1. Chemical kinetics: (4 lectures)Introduction, order and molecularity of reaction, rates of reaction, first and second orderreactions with derivation, Theories of reaction rates- collision and transition state theory, pseudounimolecular reactions, determination of rates of reaction, numericals.2. Distribution law: (4 lectures)Introduction, Nernst distribution law, solubility and distribution law, explaination & limitationsof distribution law, Henrys law, determination of equilibrium constant from distributioncoefficient, numericals.3. Photochemistry: (4 lectures)Introduction, laws of photochemistry, quantum efficiency, kinetics of photochemical reactions,photochemicalequilibrium,photosensitizedreactions,photochemicalphenomenon,photosynthesis.4. Phase equilibrium: (4 lectures)Introduction, concept & terminology, Gibbs phase rule with derivation, one componentsystem (sulpher), two component system (Zinc-Cadmium), phase diagram of solid solutions.5. Catalysis: (4 lectures)Definition, characteristics, types- homogeneous & heterogeneous, theory of catalysis, catalystacid / base, solid catalysts like oxides, metal & zeolites, phase transfer catalysts, enzymecatalysts (biocatalysts), mechanism of catalysis, concept green chemistry with examplesSection II6. Chemistry of dyes and dye intermediates : (4 lectures)Colour and chemical constitution, chromophore- auxochrome theory, valency bond theory,classification of dyes based upon structure & methods of application, synthesis and applications ofmalachite green, methyl orange, alizarine & phenolphthalein.7.Soaps and detergents (4 lectures)Soaps and saponification, cleansing action of soaps, manufacture of soap by modernprocess, detergents, classification, cleansing action, manufacture of anionic detergents (D.B.B.S.)8.Drugs and pesticides: (4 lectures)Drugs-Chemotherapy, synthesis and mode of action of sulpha drugs( sulphanilamide),antibiotics (chloramphenicol), analgesics (paracetamol).Pesticides- Introduction, classification, synthesis, properties and uses of BHC, DDT, Malathion.9.Microbiology & biomolecules: (4 lectures)Structure and composition of cell, molecules of life. Biomolecules- Proteins, Enzymes, Nucleicacids (Structure, role & functions)10.Unit processes in organic synthesis: (4 lectures)Introduction, types of processes.Nitration- Nitrating agents, mechanism of aromatic nitration, industrial nitration of benzene tonitrobenzene by continuous processes.Oxidation- Types of oxidation reactions, oxidizing agents, mechanism of oxidation, manufacture ofacetic acid by oxidation of acetaldehyde.Chemistry IPRACTICALS(Minimum 18 experiments should be completed)1. Determination of reaction rate constant of catalysed hydrolysis of methyl acetatein N/2 HCl2. Determination of reaction rate constant of catalysed hydrolysis of methyl acetate3. in N/2 H2SO44. To determine partition coefficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water.5. To determine partition coefficient of iodine in carbon tetrachloride and water.6. Determination of reaction rate constant of reaction between K2S2O8 & KI7. Determination of reaction rate constant of reaction between H2O2 & HI6
BOOKS (Chemistry I)
Organic chemistry1. Organic chemistry Volume I& II- Finar & Finar (English language book society-1989)2. Organic chemistry -- Fieser & Fieser3. Organic chemistry -- Bhal & Bhal(S. Chand -2000)4. Organic chemistry -- P.L. Soni (S. Chand -1994)5. Organic reactions and mechanism Pitter Sykes (Orient Longman-1986)Physical chemistry1. Physical chemistry -- Puri & Sharma (Shobanlal Nagin Chand - 2005)2. Essentials of Physical chemistry -- Bhal & Tuli (S. Chand & Co. - 2005)3. Principles of Physical chemistry--Prutton & Maron (oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd1972)4. Text book of physical chemistry - Gladstone (Macmillan India Ltd. - 1995)Reference books for Practicals1. Practical organic chemistry -- A. I. Vogel (CBS-1987)2. Experiments in applied chemistry Sunita Rattan (S. K. Kataria & Sons- 2002)
Strength of materials1. Introduction to strength of materials : Equilibrium of rigid beam under general forcesystem, concept of stress, simple stresses and strain, ultimate and working stress,Properties of materials, elastic constant relation between elastic constants, compoundbars, temperature stresses.2. Analysis of two-dimensional stress system : Principal stresses, Mohr's circle of Stress.
3. Torsion of shafts : Torsion equation, strength and stiffness of solid and hollow circularshafts. Transmission of power.4. Thin cylindrical and Spherical shells : Subjected to fluid pressure wire wound cylinders.5. Thick Cylinder : Lamis theory, Design of thick cylindrical shell, Thick Spherical Shells.
6. Direct and bending stresses : Introduction, Direct and eccentric loading, limits ofeccentricity, core of section, wind pressure.Section IIMaterials of construction7. Introduction8. Introduction to Mechanical properties of materials9. Selection of right material10. Materials Failure11. Materials standards and specifications12. Economics in material selection.13. Materials available :a) Ferrous metals, alloys and fabrication characteristicsb) Non-ferrous metals , alloys and fabrication characteristicsc) In organic Nonmetallic Glass & Glass steel, Porcelain and stoneware,Cement andconcrete, Soil, Asbestos & rock wool.d) Organic Non-metallic: Thermoplastics, Thermo-setting plastics, Rubber & Elastomers,Asphalt, Carbon and Graphite, wood.e) Coatings, Lining/ claddingf)High & Low temperature materialsg) Comparison of various materials14. Corrosion : a) Types of corrosion - Galvanic corrosion, Crevice corrosion,Erosion corrosion, Stress corrosion.b) Corrosion Prevention- Material selection, Coatings, Economics.
Term Work :220.127.116.11.5.6.
References :1. Punmia B.C. Strength of MaterialsandMechanics of Structure-Vol.I- StandardPublications, Delhi.2. C. Patel, T.D. Bhagia, Strength of Materials Vol. I, C. Jamnadas & Co. Mumbai3. Ramamruthm, Strength of Materials , - Dharapatray & Sons, Delhi , 1998.4. Sarkar B.K. Strength of Materials, -- Allied Publishers, New Delhi , 2001.5. William Nash, Strength of Materials, IVth Ed. McGraw Hill Publication.MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTIONReference:1. Bhattacharya B.C., Selection of materials and fabrication for Chemical ProcessEquipment, Chemical Engg. , Educational Development Centre , IIT Madras2. Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering, Volume VI, Pergamen Press .3. Robert N. Perry & Don Gress , Perry's Chemical Engineers Handbook, VIth ed. McGrawHills International Ed. Newyork 1984.4. D. Venkateswarlu & other, Chemtech -I, First volume of manual of ChemicalTechnology, Chemical Engg. Educational Development Centre, IIT Madras.5. Corrosion Engineering IIndedition Mars G.Fontana.
4. FLUID MECHANICSSection I1. Unit systems : Physical quantities, S.I., CGS, FPS engg. units, Conversion of Units,Units and Equations, dimensional analysis, Application of dimensional analysis, Problems.2. Fluid statics and its applications : Nature of fluids, Hydrostatic equilibrium,Barometric equation, Hydrostatic equilibrium in centrifugal field, Manometers, Example,U tube, Inclined tube manometers.3. Fluid flow phenomena : Behaviour of flowing fluid, Types of flow, Newtonian and nonNewtonian Fluids, viscosity and momentum flux, viscositiesof gases and liquids,Turbulence, Reynolds experiment, Eddy viscosity, Flow in boundary layers, Laminar andTurbulent flow in Boundary layers, Boundary layer formation in straight tubes, Boundarylayer separation and wake formation.4. Basic equations of fluids flow : Mass balance, mass velocity, momentum balance,Bernoulli's equation without and with friction, kinetic energy correction factor, correctionfor fluid friction, Pump bernoulli's equation , Eulers equation, Problems.5. Flow of incompressible fluids in conduits and thin layers : Shear stress distributionin a cylindrical tube, relation between skin friction and wall shear, the friction factor.Relations between skin friction parameters. Laminar flow in pipes, Laminar flow ofNewtonian fluids. Average velocity, kinetic energy correction factor (Derivation),Momentum correction factor (Derivation), Hagen-poiseuilie equation. Turbulent flow inpipes and closed channels. Velocity distribution for turbulent flow, universal velocitydistribution equations for laminar sub layer and buffer layer, Relations between maximumand average velocities, Effect of roughness,The friction factor chart ( Moody's diagram),friction factor in flow through channels of non-circular section, friction from changes invelocity or direction, Effect of fittings and valves, couette flow, Layer flow with freesurfaces , Flow through annulas, Problems.Section II6. Flow of compressible fluids : Mach number, continuity equation,Total energy Balance,velocity of sound, ideal gas equations, the asterisk condition, stagnation temperature.7. Transportation and metering of fluids : Pipe and tubing, joints and fittings.Prevention of leakage around moving parts. Valves- Gate valve, globe valve, check valvebutterfly valve, needle valve, ball valve etc. Measurement of flowing fluids. Venturimeter,orificemeter, pitot tube, rotameters, target meters, vortex- shedding meters, turbinemeters, positive displacement meters, magnetic meters: ultrasonic meters.8. Flowpast immersed bodies : Drag coefficients of typical shapes, form drag and streamlining, Friction in flow through beds of solids, Erguns equation, Kozeny- Carman equation,Burke Plummer equation,Fluidization, Mechanism of fluidization, particulate andaggregative fluidization, minimum fluidization velocity, expansion of -fluidized beds,application of fluidization.9. Agitation of fluids : Agitation of liquids, Agitation equipment, flow patterns in agitatedvessels, circulation rates, Flow numbers, power consumption, power correlations, powercorrelations for specific impellers, effect of system geometry and calculations for powerconsumption.Term Work :1. Venturimeter2. Orifice meter
3. Reynolds experiment8. Flow through spiral coils.4. Bernoullis experiment9. Flow through packed bed5. Flow through helical coils10. Flow through fluidized bed.11.To study the properties of Newtonian and Non- Newtonian fluids.12.Demonstration of a) Rotameterb) Pitot tube13. Two phase flow system
Text Book:1. Mc Cabe W.L. and Smith J.C.Co., International ed. 1993
References:Steeter U.L, Fluid Mechanics V ed. Mc graw Hill Book Co., International Edn.1971.Richardson J.E. and Coulson J.M. Chemical Engg. 3rd ed. Vol. 1 Pergamon Press1985.Miohell B.I. Fluid and Particle Mechanics Pergamon Press 1970.4 Gupta S.K., Momemtum Transfer Operations, Tata McGraw Hill, 1979.
5. Mechanical Operations11
Lectures: 3 hrsPractical: 2 hrs / batch / week
Size reductionMechanism of size reduction, Energy for size reduction, Crushing laws, Methods ofoperating crushers, Classification of size reduction equipments, Types of crushingequipment, Factors affecting communiation, Heat control methods in size reduction.(5Lectures)
ScreeningStandard test screens, Standards of screen, Screen effectiveness, Comparison of ideal andactual screens, Industrial screening equipment. (3 Lectures)
FiltrationClassification of filtration, Types of filtration, Pressure drop through filter cake, Filtermedium resistance, Sp.cake resistance, Washing of cake, Filter media and selection,Compressible filter cakes, Preliminary treatment of slurries before filtration, Filtrationequipment, Filter selection, Filter press, Vacuum filters, Centrifugal filtration and Filtrationcalculations.(8 Lectures)
SedimentationBasic principles, Flocculation, Thickeners, Batch sedimentation test, Design procedure forgravity sedimentation tanks. (4 Lectures)7. Gas CleaningIntroduction, Gas cleaning equipment, Gravity separators, Centrifugal separators,Momentum separators, Electrostatic precipitators, Liquid washing, Odour removal, Fabricfilters, Impingement method and Miscellaneous methods, Agglomeration and Coalessence.(5 Lectures)
Practicals:Any 10 Practicals should be conducted.1. Sieve Analysis2. Screen Effectiveness3. Jaw Crusher4. Pulverizer5. Ball mill6. Sedimentation(Batch)7. Beaker Decantation8. Filter Press12
9. Leaf Filter10. Cyclone Separator11. Air Elutration12. Rotary Drum Filter
Text Book1. Mccabe W.L. & Smith J.C. and Peter Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engg. 5th ed.,Mcgraw Hill International.2. C.M.Narayanan, B.C.Bhattacharyya, Mechanical Operations for Chemical Engineers,Computer Aided Analysis, Khanna Publishers.3. J.F.Richardson & J.H.Harker with J.R.Backhurst, coulson & Richardsons, ChemicalEngineering, vol 2,1st ed., Pergamon Press.References:1. Foust A.G. et.a- Principles of Unit Operations, 3nd ed. John, Wiley & Sons, NewYork 1979.2. G.C.Sekhar, unit Operations in Chemical Engineering, Pearson education (Singarore) Pte.Ltd.
6. COMPUTER PRACTICE - ITeaching SchemeLectures : 1 hours / week
Examination SchemePractical : 2 hrs/weekTerm Work :Internal : 50 Marks
1. ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - IVTeaching Scheme
SECTION -1Unit 1 Curve Fitting: Fitting of Curves by method of Least-squares, Coefficient of correlation,Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and lines of regression of bivariate dataUnit 2 Probability: Random variable, Probability mass function and probability density function,Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributionsUnit 3 Numerical solution of Partial differential equations: Transformation of partial differentialequation into Difference equation and solution of Laplace equation by using Jacobi and GaussSeidal methodSECTION-II
Unit 1: Partial differential equations: Linear partial differential equation (Lagranges form). Nonlinear partial differential equations and its four standard forms.Unit 2: Application of partial equation variable separation method:Application of P.D Equation to:1) Wave equation (vibration of string)2) One dimensional heat flow.3) Two dimensional heat flowUnit 3 Fourier series: Definition, Euler's formulae, Dirchlet's Conditions for a Fourier expansion,Functions having points of discontinuity, change of interval, expansions of odd and evenperiodic functions, Half range series.General Instructions:1. For the term work of 25 marks, batch wise tutorials are to be conducted. The number ofstudents per batch should be as per university pattern for practical batches.2. Minimum number of assignments should be 8 covering all topics.Nature of Question paper:1. There will be two sections carrying 50 marks each.2. There will be four questions in each section and three questions should beattempted from each section.Reference Books:1. Mathematical Methods in Chemical Engineering by S.Pushpavanam.2. A text book of Applied Mathematics: Vol. I, II and III by J. N. Wartikar & P. N. Wartikar,Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan, Pune.3. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B. S. Grewal.4. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.5. Fundamental of Statistics by S. C. Gupta6. Numerical methods by Dr. B. S. Grewal7. Numerical methods by S. S. Sastry.
2. Chemistry II15
Section I1.Structure and bonding : (4 lectures)Molecular orbital & valence bond approaches for diatomic molecules, hybridization & structureof H2O, NH3, BF3, SF6, PCl5.2. co-ordination chemistry(5 lectures)Introduction, difference between double salt and complex salt, classification, wernerscoordination theory, effective atomic no. (EAN), valence bond theory and crystal field theory foroctahedral complexes.3. Inorganic heavy industries(4 lectures)Manufacture of H2SO4( contact process), NH3 (Habers process) w.r.t. reactions, reactants,catalyst and physicochemical principles.4. Nonaqueous solvents(4 lectures)Introduction, classification of solvents, characteristic properties of solvents(mp. andbp.,heats of fusion and vaporization, dielectric constant), liquid ammonia and liquid HF, reactionsof liquid ammonia-precipitation, acid base, oxidation- reduction, ammonolysis, reactions of HFprecipitation , acid- base, protonation of organic compounds.5. Analytical chemistry(3 lectures)Volumerty, standards, concentration of solutions( molarity, normality, molality, equivalentweight, strength of solution), normality equation, numericals based on calculation of strength.SECTION II6.Named organic reactions(4 lectures)Mechanism in brief and industrial applications of Friedal crafts reactions, Mannich reaction,Gatterman Koch reaction, Claisen rearrangement, Benzidine rearrangement, Diels Alder reaction,aldol condensation, Kolbe synthesis.7.Spectroscopy(4 lectures)Basic principles, instrumentation and applications of I.R. spectroscopy, N.M.R.spectroscopy.8.Chemistry of petroleum(4 lectures)Origin of crude, composition , refining of crude, cracking catalytic cracking- batch processand continuous process, major petrochemicals like ethelene propylene butadiene, benzenetoluene, (industrial applications only)9.Polymers(4 lectures)Polymers-definition, polymerization techniques ( bulk, solution, suspensionandemulsion).Plastics-compounding, preparation, properties and applications of Acrylics,Teflon,polymethyl methacrylate, Buna- S rubber, Buna-N rubber, Butyl rubber.10.Chemistry of heterocycles(4 lectures)Introduction, classification, preparation, properties and applications of pyrrole, furan,thiophene, pyridine,quinoline, isoquinoline.Chemistry IIPRACTICALS(Minimum 18 experiments should be completed)1-3.To prepare standard solution of alkali, acid and to estimate the purity of commercialheavychemicals like H2SO4, HNO3, NH3.4. Preparation of Hexanitrocobaltate.5. Preparation of Hexammine cobaltic chloride.6. To prepare standard solution of sodium thiosulphate & to estimate copper from brasssolution.7. To prepare standard solution of potassium dichromate & to estimate Iron from ammoniumsulphate using external indicator.8. To prepare standard solution of potassium dichromate & to estimate Iron from ammoniumsulphate using internal indicator.9. Estimation of nitrogen from given fertilizer solution.10.To prepare standard solution of EDTA & to estimate magnesium from given dolomite oresolution.11.To prepare standard solution of KMnO4 & to estimate Oxalic acid.16
Organic chemistry1. Organic chemistry Volume I& II- Finar & Finar (English language book society-1989)2. Organic chemistry -- Fieser & Fieser3. Organic chemistry -- Bhal & Bhal(S. Chand -2000)4. Organic chemistry -- P.L. Soni (S. Chand -1994)5. Organic reactions and mechanism Pitter Sykes (Orient Longman-1986)Inorganic chemistry1. Inorganic chemistry- Cotton & Vilkinson (Wiley Estern Ltd-1985)2. Inorganic chemistry Dey & Selbin3. Advanced inorganic chemistry Puri & sharma(Shobanlal Nagin Chand - 1996)Reference books for Practicals1Inorganic chemistry -- A. I. Vogel2. Practical organic chemistry -- A. I. Vogel (CBS-1987)3. Experiments in applied chemistry Sunita Rattan (S. K. Kataria & Sons- 2002)
3. Process Calculations17
Examination:Theory: 100 marksTerm Work: 25 marks
7. Combustion.1,5(5)Minimum air required, Excess air, Combustion calculations.8. Stoichiometry and Industrial problems.1(3)9. Introduction to degree of freedom analysis.2(2)Reference Books:1. Bhatt B.I. and Vora S.M. Stoichiometry, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., 2004.2. Himmelblau D.M., Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, Sixth Edition,Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2004.3. Felder R.M. and Rousseau R.W., Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Third Edition,John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2000.4. V. Venkataramani and N.Anantharaman., Process Calculations., 2003.5. P.L.Ballaney, Thermal Engineering.Note:@ Two test of minimum 25 marks each should be conducted for term work.Figure in bracket indicates lectures to be conducted
Teaching SchemeLectures :3 hours / weekTutorial :1 hours / week
Examination SchemeTheory :100 MarksTerm Work :Internal : 25 MarksExternal : 25 MarksSection I
Section II5. Heat transfer to fluids with phase change : Heat transfer from condensing Vapors,dropwise and film wise condensation, coefficients for film type condensation, derivationand practical use of Nusselt equation, condensation of superheated vapors, effect ofnon-condensable gases, Problems.Heat transfer to boiling liquids :Types of boiling, boiling of saturated liquidmaximum flux and critical temperature drop, minimum heat flux film boiling andsubcooled boiling, Problems.6. Heat exchange equipment :Types of heatexchangers, single and multipassexchangers, correction of LMTD for cross flow. Simple design calculations of heatexchangers, introduction to compact heat exchanger i.e. plate type heat exchanger,different types of condensers and boilers, air cooled heat exchangers, introduction toheat transfer in agitated vessel, types, construction, definition of fin efficiency, problems.7. Radiation heat transfer : Fundamentals of radiation, wavelength of radiation.emisivity.Laws of black body radiation, reflectivity, absorptivity of an opaque solids,Kirchhoff's law,radiation between two surfaces. Calculation of radiation between blacksurfaces, combined heat transfer by conduction - convection and radiation, problems.8. Evaporation : Liquid characteristics, types of evaporators, single evaporator capacity,economy ,boiling point elevation and Duhring's rule. Heat transfer co-efficients,Enthalpy balance for single effect evaporator, multiple effect evaporators, types,methods of feeding, enthalpy balance of multiple effect evaporator, problems.9. Introduction to heat transfer to packed and fluidized beds: General heat transfercharacteristics, Calculation for Heat transfer co-efficient.19
Term Work :1. Emissivity measurement apparatus.2. Natural convection.3. Forced convection.4. Heat transfer through lagged pipe.5. Thermal conductivity of metal rod.6. Double pipe heat exchanger.7. Packed bed heat exchanger.8. Climbing film evaporator.9. Heat transfer through agitated vessel.10. Shell and tube heat exchanger.11. Fin tube heat exchanger.12. Compact heat exchanger.Minimum 10 practicals are to be conducted.Text Books:1. McCabe W.L., Smith J.C. and Harriott P., Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering , 7thedition McGraw Hill,2005.2. Sukhatme S.P., Heat Transfer,5th edition.,University Press India Ltd.,1996.References:1. William H. Mcadams, Heat transmission, 3rd ed. McGraw Hill Series2. Alan J. Chapman. Heat Transfer, 4th ed. Macmilan Publishing Company, New York3. Frank Kreith & Mark S. Bohn. , Principles of Heat Transfer, 4th ed. HarperPublishers, New York,4. Coulson J.M. & Richardson J.F.,Chemical Engineering , 3rd ed. Vol.15. J.P. Holman. , Heat Transfer , 8th ed. Mc-Graw Hill Inc.1997.
and Row
Section I1. Introduction: Scope & limitations of thermodynamics, Dimensions and Units, Force,Temperature , Pressure, Work energy and Heat, Problems.2. First law of thermodynamics and other basic concepts: Joules experiment, Internalenergy, First law for non-flow process, Steady state flow processes, Equilibrium, Thephase rule, Reversible and irreversible processes, Reversible chemical reaction,Enthalpy, Heat capacity, Constant volume and pressure process.3. Volumetric properties of pure fluids: PVT behavior of pure substances, Virial equationof state, Ideal gas temperature, Universal gas constant, Two forms of virial equation, Theideal gas and equations for various processes, Problems, Application of the virialequation, Cubic equation of state. The vander wall equation of state, Generalized Cubicequation of state. Theorem of corresponding states, Acentric factor.4. Heat Effects : Sensible heat effects, Temperature dependence of heat capacity,Evaluation of sensible heat integral, Standard heat of reaction, Standard heat offormation, Standard heat of combustion, Temperature dependence of H0, Heat effectsof industrial reactions, Problems.
Section II5. Second law of thermodynamics: Statements, Heat engine, Carnot theorem Ideal gastemperature scale, Carnots equations,Thermodynamic temperature scale, concept ofEntropy, Entropy changes of an ideal gas,Significance of Entropy,Mathematical statement of second law entropy changes for open system,Third law ofThermodynamics, Problems.6. Thermodynamic properties of fluids : Property relations for homogeneous phases,Maxwells relation, Enthalpy and Entropy as functions of temperature and pressure,Internal energy as functions of pressure, Ideal gas state, Alternate forms for liquids,Internal energy as function of T and V, Gibbs energy as generating function, Residualproperties, Residual properties by equation of state, Application of thermodynamicequations to single phase systems, Two phase systems, Thermodynamic diagrams, P-Hdiagram, H-T diagram, T-S diagram, H-S diagram etc. Thermodynamic charts andtables.7. Application of thermodynamics flow processes : Duct flow of compressiblefluids, pipe flow, nozzles, throttling process, turbines (expanders), compressionprocesses, compressors, pumps, ejectors.8. Conversion of heat into work by power cycles : Steam power plant cycle, Internalcombustion engines, Jet engines,Rocket engines.
Term Work : Minimum five assignments covering all problems of the syllabus are to beCompleted by the students.
Text Book:1. J.M. Smith and H.C. Van Ness, Introduction to Chemical Engg., Thermodynamics 6th Edition,International student edition, McGraw Hill publication.References:1. B.F. Dodge, Chemical Engg. Thermodynamics, International student edition McGraw HillPublication.2. D.A. Hougen, K.M. Watson and R.A. Ragatz, Chemical Process Principles, ( Vol. II ) 2ndEdn. Asia Publishing House.3. K.V. Narayanan, Chemical Engg. Thermodynamics, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi.
Teaching SchemeLectures : 1 hours / week
Examination SchemePractical : 2 hrs/weekTerm Work :Internal : 25 MarksExternal : 25 Marks
Programming in FORTRAN1. Programming and writing algorithms: Introduction, Problem Analysis & Algorithmdevelopment,Algorithm, Flowcharting, Pseudo code,Flowchart And Pseudo codeexamples, Transformation of Pseudo code into a program, Program execution, programdocumentation.2. Introduction to FORTRAN : Introduction, FORTRAN constants and variables, TypeDeclaration, Integer and real arithmatics, arith operation, the assignment Statement andarithmetic expressions and rules for it, FORTRAN statements Diftt statements inFORTRAN.3. Control structures :Introduction, Selection decision or decision structure, GO TOstatement, Repetition structure.4. Files and I/P O/P : Operations Introduction : Intro, Files, Programming processes,various statements ( e.g. OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE ) Various formats, carriage control.5. Arrays :Introduction, structureArray, Multi dimensional Arrays.
Term Work :220.127.116.11.5.
MatrixFibonacy numbersQuadratic equationsSmall and large numbersDescending sorting
Ascending sortingTranspose of matrixAddition of matrixReverse of given numbers
Text Books:1. P.S. Grover, Programming and Computing with Fortran 77/90, 2nd ed. Allied PublishersLtd, 1996.2. R.S. Salaria , Programming in Microsoft Fortan 97, 2nd ed., BPB Publications, 1994.3. K.D. Sharma, Programming in Fortran, East-West Press Pvt. Ltd, 1976.4. Seymour Lipschutz and Arthur poe, Programming with Fortran, Mc-Graw Hill, 1978.5. V. Rajaraman, Computer Programming in Fortran 90 and 95 , Prentice Hall of India,1997.
Practicals: 2 hr.
2.Engineering Maths-III
3.Strength of materials&Material of Construction
4.Fluid Mechanics
5.Mechanical Operation
6.Computer Practice I
2.Engineering Maths-IV
3.Proces Calculations
4.Heat Transfer
5.Chemical EngineeringThermodynamics-I
6.Computer Practice II


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Brahmos missile is considered as one of the fastest supersonic missiles. Philippines army is acquiring Indian-manufactured weapon in order to strengthen its coastal defences. In 2018, Indian PM Modi signed 4 bilateral agreements during his visit to Philippines, and acquiring Brahmos is one among them.
- The acquisition proves that India's Act East Policy is being strengthened.
- India's bilateral relation with the South Asian Countries and also with Philippines has diversified
- It will also help achieve India's defence exports target of Rs 35,000 crore in the next 5 years.
The Brahmos is a medium range cruise missile that can be launched from submarine, aircraft, ships and land. It is the fastest supersonic missile in the world. The design of the missile was a joint venture between Russian federation and India's DRDO. The name of Brahmos is formed from the names of two rivers Brahmaputra in India and Moskva in Russia.


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Govt should explore Israel, Brazil models for onion storage: Ficci study
India, which is currently witnessing a spike in retail onion price up to Rs 100/kg on tight supply, should explore low-cost modern technology models from other countries for storing the commodity.
Coastal Concerns: Rising sea levels will inundate coastal areas sooner than projected
Areas inhabited by 36 mn Indians now are at risk, much ...
No kidding: Donkey's milk is the new elixir
Donkey's milk is similar to a human mother's milk, and rich in vitamins and essential fatty acids...
How a British researcher helped lay principles for organic farming movement in 1930s
A British researcher at the Institute for Plant Industry in Indore laid organic farming principles in 1930s.
UGC asks 123 deemed-to-be varsities to drop 'university' from names
Failure to do so will invite necessary action against the deemed to be university in accordance with the UGC (lnstitutions Deemed to be Universities) Regulations, 2016," the circular says.
Why prices of tomatoes surged and why we are shedding onion tears
Wholesale tomato prices touched Rs 70 per kilo in end-July, on the back of a severe supply shortage in vegetable mandis.
PM Narendra Modi launches Sampada scheme for value addition of agriculture produce
PM Narendra Modi said Delhi based Indian agricultural research institute will have two new Centre, one of which is coming up in Assam.
Top soil scientist keen to help India, but 'nobody listens'
Dakhla (Morocco), April 2 (IANS) His expertise as a soil scientist has helped arrest degradation and grow crops in several areas across Africa and the world. Much sought after and bestowed with many prestigious awards, Indian American scientist Rattan Lal is keen to share his knowledge with India to boost soil health and productivity, but sadly, he says, no one is interested.
Centre to ban use of 18 pesticides harmful to humans and animals
The Union Agriculture Ministry has issued a draft order, asking manufacturers, importers and state authorities to completely ban 12 of the identified pesticides from January 1, 2018 and remaining six from December 31, 2020.
One more GM cotton on the way -- this one's home-grown
Bengaluru, Sep 11 (IANS) While the controversy over Monsanto's Bt cotton has not yet died down, a new transgenic variety is at India's doorsteps -- this one developed by the country's own scientists.
September rains crucial for kharif foodgrain output: IARI
On crop condition of pulses and oilseeds, the IARI chief said these crops do not require much water, but they would suffer from extreme weather conditions.
PM Narendra Modi to release 'Vision 2050' for agriculture, says Radha Mohan Singh
He said Modi will also inaugurate three new projects - Farmers First, Arya and Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav (My village my pride).
Prime Minister Narendra Modi to farmers: Use scientific methods to enhance production
Calling for second Green Revolution, Prime Minister Narendra Modi today asked the farming community to adopt scientific methods
PM Narendra Modi to lay foundation stone of 1,000-acre agri institute in Jharkhand on June 28
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will lay the foundation stone of the Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI) in Jharkhand on June 28.
India set to launch drought resistant chickpea developed with genomic assisted breeding
"We are very excited to see the outputs of collaboration of ICAR, UAS-R and ICRISAT in the form of improved varieties," said Dr Peter Carberry, Director General, ICRISAT.
Copyright © 2019 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. For reprint rights: Times Syndication Service


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Loss of gene function is a valuable tool for screening genes in cellular processes such as Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) differentiation. However, the criteria for evaluating gene knockdown are usually based on end-point analysis such as immunostaining and therefore, quantitative, real-time measurement of the process is difficult. To overcome these limitations, we created live cell LentiViral Arrays (LVA) for assessing the effects of certain pathways on MSC differentiation. In particular, we engineered a shRNA encoding dual promoter lentiviral vector (sh-LVDP) that allows real-time monitoring of MSC differentiation and simultaneous gene knockdown thereby, providing quantitative assessment of the effect of various pathways in this process. In this vector, the activity of the aSMA promoter was used as an indicator of myogenic differentiation and constitutive expression of DsRed was used to measure transduction efficiency and to normalize the promoter activity. Finally, different shRNAs were encoded by a doxycycline regulatable H1 promoter within the viral 3' long terminal repeat (LTR).
We found that normalized promoter activity (GFI/RFI) measured by the sh-LVDP vector remained unaffected by lentiviral titer allowing quantitative measurements of MSC differentiation as different genes were knocked down. To demonstrate the utility of this approach we chose to knock down known effectors of the TGF-β1 or Rho signaling pathway (SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, RhoA, Rock1, MRTFB/MLK2, PKN1, SRF, myocardin), which decreased αSMA promoter activity significantly as compared to control (scramble shRNA) (Fig. 1B). On the other hand, knocking down myogenic differentiation inhibitor such as KLF4 increased aSMA promoter activity significantly. Notably, some proteins e.g. SMAD7 or KLF4 showed differential regulation of myogenic differentiation of bone marrow as compared to hair follicle derived MSC. Finally, doxycyline regulatable shRNA expression provided dynamic monitoring of myogenic differentiation as a function of the degree of gene knockdown. Our data indicates thatĀ real time monitoring ofĀ gene expression profilesĀ using LVA with concomitant gene knockdown provides a useful tool for deciphering gene regulatory networks of complex biological processes such as stem cell differentiation.
Figure 1: Lentiviral MicroArray (LVA) with sh-LVDP for differentiation toward smooth muscle cells in response to TGFβ.Ā (A) Schematic of sh-LVDP vector carrying the aSMA promoter. (B) Normalization of fluorescence intensity (GFI/RFI) indicates the a-actin promoter activity affected by gene knock-down in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HASMCs).
See more of this Group/Topical: Food, Pharmaceutical & Bioengineering Division


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As long as there is still the written word, there will always be editors. Freelance editing and proofreading not only pays a decent hourly wage, it also gives you the chance to read about potentially interesting topics too. What's more, pursuing freelance writing & editing as a business idea can afford you a lifestyle that lets you travel the world as a digital nomad. You can find lots of job postings from companies and individuals in need of writing, proofreading, and editing services on Contena, which makes this a high-demand opportunity to make money online.
Picture Your Financial Freedom On Top Read This And Make It So
I actually went back to the post and looked closer. Out of the first 13 ways listed, only one requires that you have house. None of the rest require you to have a house or a car. Of course, there are 11 more ideas in addition to those first 13 and some of those do require you to start with an investment. However, there's nearly always a way to create passive income if you are willing to put in the time and work involved. If you do not find something that works for you in this post, check out our other posts. If you're constantly on the lookout for ways to create passive income I'm betting you will find a way that works for you. Be diligent and I bet you can do it, even in South Africa. Good luck!
Hi Suba, I'm glad you brought up health insurance. I decided to leave off my explanation for why my health insurance costs will decrease after FI, in order to keep the post a bit shorter, but it is important to note why. Our plan after FI is to live for 6 months in Scotland (my wife's home), travel around for 1-3 months in America (visiting my friends and family), and live for 3-5 months somewhere else in the world (Southeast Asia, South America, or another low-cost destination). Since we'll be based in the UK, the majority of our year will be health insurance free (thanks to the NHS). The other six months of the year, we'll be able to cover ourselves with a travel insurance policy. These policies can usually be purchased for £300 per year in the UK, so $50 a month seemed like a conservative estimate for half-a-year's worth of insurance (this UK-based travel blog article discusses travel insurance costs).
The One Thing To Do For Financial Freedom
Safety. Shit happens, so it's best to create a Safety Net savings account with $500–$1000 for emergencies. Now listen: do not touch this money unless there is a true emergency (car repairs, medical bills, job loss, etc.). Your Safety Net will allow you to stay on budget even when life punches you in the face. Over time, once you're out of debt (step 3 below), your Safety Net will grow to include several months of income. But for now, worry only about the first $500–$1000 to start, which you'll want to keep in a separate Safety Net account to avoid temptation (more on that below).
In 2010, 24-year old Grant Sabatier woke up to find he had $2.26 in his bank account. Five years later, he had a net worth of over $1.25 million, and CNBC began calling him "the Millennial Millionaire." By age 30, he had reached financial independence. Along the way he uncovered that most of the accepted wisdom about money, work, and retirement is either incorrect, incomplete, or so old-school it's obsolete.
This definitely embodies the saying, "There's levels to this $h*t." I was aiming for the middle tier of financial independence, but now I'm asking myself why not go for the top of the pyramid. Even if I don't quite get there I will likely add a nice cushion to the baseline. My goal is to diversify my streams of passive income between market investments, rental income, and small business income. Returns from all three should make me and my future family comfortable indefinitely.
If you have a propensity for writing and you can slay with your prose, consider writing an ebook. While the market has certainly become saturated as of late, books that help teach people about a technical topic still sell extremely well. This is a great source of passive income but does require a large amount of effort at the outset before any money is generated.
To test these websites, you'll be asked to visit the site in question and record your reactions and thoughts as you go through it. To get started making extra money online by testing websites, sign up for some of the most popular services like UserTesting.com, Userlytics, TryMyUI, Userfeel, TestingTime (for people outside the U.S), or Side Income Jobs.
Additionally, I have a more aggressive goal to have the opportunity to retire much sooner than the average retirement age. Hopefully, this post encourages and inspires you to take control just like I did. Anyone can start achieving the levels of financial freedom and the below are 8 steps will help you get there, even if you are starting out with little to no financial knowledge.
Additionally, I have a more aggressive goal to have the opportunity to retire much sooner than the average retirement age. Hopefully, this post encourages and inspires you to take control just like I did. Anyone can start achieving the levels of financial freedom and the below are 8 steps will help you get there, even if you are starting out with little to no financial knowledge.
You also need favorable stock returns. I think there's a reason that financial freedom is a recent phenomenon, and that's due to the stock market's performance since 2009. It's obvious the author has only been investing during this long bull run. He pays lip service to market drops, but doesn't understand how frightened people get when their net worth is suddenly half what it was six months ago.
More than half a billion products are sold on Amazon every month, making it an incredible opportunity to make money online. But, like everything else that involves making money online, you have to do quite a bit of work to earn it. One option on Amazon is to find products that are already made and buy and sell them at a discount. For example, you could research generic products such as clocks, keychains and mugs to attach to your brand.
Rather than making money through subscriptions, YouTube channels are based on a traditional advertising system. Meaning the more viewers you get, the more you make. Once you're approved for the YouTube Partner Program and can start including ads on your videos, with every 1,000 views, you will make approximately $2-$4. Which might not seem like a lot, but if you have 100 videos with 5,000 views a month each, that would be $1,000–$2,000 already. Just imagine if your videos start hitting millions of views!
Join a startup accelerator: Another great option is to apply to a startup accelerator like Y Combinator, 500 startups, or TechStars, where a group of investors will help coach you, connect you with potential partners, and provide startup cash in return for a small stake in your company. The competition is tough to get into these, so don't rely on them as your only path forward.
financial freedom a proven path
financial freedom a division of cit bank
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the advise and ideals alone will make money for you, I been looking for a site that has ideals to think about and not trying to sell you something upfront. gives me a change to due research on a concept I may have not though of. Starting a business for you and stop working for someone else. Or the way I like it, retire from your work world and make your world work for you…..love it.
Take a look at where you think you fall on the aforementioned levels of financial freedom. Use it as motivation to keep moving towards your most important financial goals. While I love what I do, and plan to help people with financial planning forever, I take comfort knowing that it will be a choice to continue working in my golden years. Although I am still decades away from full retirement age, I am right between bare bones retirement, if I stayed in Los Angeles, and retiring comfortably if I was willing to leave California. Who knows what the future holds and how far up the chain of financial freedom my household will climb? Where are you at, and where do you want to be in five, 10 or 15 years?
I usually don't take the time to write a review and this particular case wanted to do it; although, I'm not done reading. What like about this book is that is not only about how to manage personal finance. It's also about challenging they way people think about money and how make money. In today's society people won't get ahead by just following a money management plan, but by mastering it and increasing income. This a great guide to define what this means for you and how to go about it. Very easy to read book!
Now, making money online should seem like a pleasurable activity. Why wouldn't we do just about anything to see things through, since it would be a major source of pleasure, right? Wrong. In the beginning, like anything else, we might get really excited about it. We might also set our hopes very high. But that all comes crashing down when we begin to fail.
Most people believe the key to wealth is a high-paying job. Yes, it's easier to amass assets if you have more money coming in each month, but one key to increasing your net worth is to spend less than you make. Ultimately, spending habits are the reason a professional athlete making $20 million a year can quickly go bankrupt while a bus driver can retire a multi-millionaire. It can be a cliche but it is a fundamental reality of money.
You'll have a total of 2,800 points (worth £20) in your account so you can visit the 'rewards store' to choose which gift card you want - there's currently a sale on too. The gift card will then arrive within 10 working days, either by post or via email in the case of voucher codes. You can also convert your earnings into PayPal cash but it costs more points (800 SB = £5 PayPal).
Etsy is the most popular online marketplace for handmade goods and crafts. From bracelets to phone cases, rings, furniture, and more, Etsy is perfect for anyone who is creative and wants to sell their handmade creations. As long as you have the space, this can make for one of the best ways to make money online that can be started with a very limited investment. Consider these 5 steps to starting an Etsy store, from Handmadeology.
Industrialization emphasized the role of technology. Many jobs were automated. Machines replaced some workers while other workers became more specialized. Labour specialization became critical to economic success. However, physical capital, as it came to be known, consisting of both the natural capital (raw materials from nature) and the infrastructural capital (facilitating technology), became the focus of the analysis of wealth. Adam Smith saw wealth creation as the combination of materials, labour, land, and technology in such a way as to capture a profit (excess above the cost of production).[10]
There's no difference between having a 4% dividend and withdrawing 4% every year (since the stock price lowers by a corresponding amount every time a dividend payment is made). The difference with a dividend though is you are forced to take that withdrawal (and pay taxes on it) whereas if you're just selling parts of your portfolio, you can withdraw as little as you need to.
True, he could do that, but then what would he actually do? Kids are great, but until they get a bit older, they're boring. Plus, he's already said that this blog is already his passion project, so why give that up? Finally, this could serve as a last defense against a great depression. If stocks suddenly go in the negative, people are still going to have some free time to look stuff up online. This blog could then be the difference between him having to go back to work or being able to maintain some semblance of his lifestyle and still feed his family.
Obviously, these are much higher than you're going to get with most other investments. What's more is that you can choose a plan that matches your investment strategy, whether your goal is Supplemental Income, Balanced Investing, or Long-term Growth. You can also look at different real estate projects and choose for yourself which ones to invest in.
I started small, about 10% each paycheck would be taken out for my savings accounts. Half would go to my Vanguard retirement account and the other half to my savings. Then, I kept increasing it and diversifying where the money went. Anytime I go a raise or made side hustle income, I would do the exact same thing as soon as it cleared in my bank account. Now, I'm on track to save 30% this year of my overall income, which I would like to increase to 40% by next year.
To escape the spending trap, you need to understand that income is not long-term wealth. What is wealth? Income is obviously a component of wealth, but wealth can have varying definitions. Many people see wealth as their total net worth at any given time. This can be paralleled to the assessment of an individual's balance sheet. Wealth can be referred to as the part of your balance sheet that is considered equity. Your assets minus liabilities. The wealth you have after liquidating.
Fall In Love With Financial Freedom
I've been into home décor lately and I had to turn to Etsy to find exactly what I wanted. I ended up purchasing digital files of the artwork I wanted printed out! The seller had made a bunch of wall art, digitized, and listed it on Etsy for instant download. There are other popular digital files on Etsy as well such as monthly planners. If you're into graphic design this could be an amazing passive income idea for you.
I am an English major and a herbalist with so many ideas and no extra income to fulfill them. I recently started renting my extra apartment in the attic with Airbnb. It's amazing how fast I accumulated some money for few hours of work between guests. Now I want to persue all my dreams of opening an online herbal store, publishing my ebook of treating Ulcerative Colitis with herbs, blogs, and videos, and pretty much all of the ideas mentioned here. I will save this article as its really helpful for whomever needs some ideas…
As someone who has lived in Mexico City for almost 17 years, I'd personally avoid living in San Miguel de Allende after retirement. While the downtown is pretty, there is a lot of crime which goes unreported and of course it is full of tourists and expats (which to me is a big negative). Yes, I have been there. The area is very dry so it is mostly a good place to grow nopales (prickly pear cactus and not much else) so early retirees who want to grow their own veg would be have to do quite a lot of watering (hope to find a lot in town that isn't too expensive. Most city lots have tiny or no gardens/yards in Mexico)
Economic terminology distinguishes between wealth and income. Wealth or savings is a stock variable – that is, it is measurable at a date in time, for example the value of an orchard on December 31 minus debt owed on the orchard. For a given amount of wealth, say at the beginning of the year, income from that wealth, as measurable over say a year is a flow variable. What marks the income as a flow is its measurement per unit of time, such as the value of apples yielded from the orchard per year.
Create a killer course experience: With your course validated and in the works, you need to figure out how people will take it. Most course creators choose to host their courses from their own websites. This way, they get all the value of bringing customers back to their site on a regular basis. I host my own courses from a subdomain on my own site so I can easily add more. The course experience is incredibly important as well. And after trying most of the solutions, I highly recommend Teachable—an online platform designed specifically for courses.
Hey, great to hear from you again, Jeff. I definitely agree some of the concepts in the Harry Browne book were a bit much but the book as a whole changed my mindset quite a bit. As someone who is pursuing early financial independence, I was already challenging the norms relating to work/career/money/etc. but after reading the book, I now find myself challenging everything. I don't just do something because I'm told to anymore or because that's the way it's always been done. I definitely agree with you when you said it made you think and stretch your perceptions.
If you want to be financially free, you need to become a different person than you are today and let go of whatever has held you back in the past. It's a process of growth, improvement and gaining spiritual and emotional strength. In other words, whatever has held you back in the past or kept you less than who you really are will have to vanish. And in return, the powerful, happy, playful, brilliant you will emerge — like a butterfly shedding its cocoon.
Find work. When you first start out, you may have to accept work writing about a topic you don't find all that interesting. You must keep an open mind and be willing to accept work that may not be in your desired field. However, as you continue to write, you not only learn about more topics, but you also build your reputation. With time, you can be choosier about assignments you want to accept.[19]
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Bobby Hoyt and Mike Yanda, two world-class Facebook marketers, created this course to teach you everything you need to know to go from "I don't know how to do any of this" to "working with clients and making a great income" in the next 28 days. Instead of piecing together an education on your own and wasting a lot of time (with possibly outdated information), this course puts everything in one place for you to learn from.
Many people factor in control over their time when considering their wealth. Having complete control over your time is often one factor of achieving financial independence. You may not have totally reached the investing goal that allows you to maintain your lifestyle without an additional paycheck, but having total control over how you spend your day can be a variable factored in to how you define wealth.
Research individual companies in your desired niche: If possible, it's always better to become an affiliate directly with a company (if they have an internal affiliate program), as no one else will be dipping into your commission rate. This is the preferred route for most of the prominent affiliate marketers, including Pat Flynn. Unfortunately, it's also the most work, as you'll have to do the research yourself to see who offers programs (they're usually listed in the website footer).
financial freedom by grant sabatier pdf
The tradeoff in this scenario is clear. You can continue working to build a bigger pool of savings, which will provide additional income and flexibility for the remainder of your life. Or, you can leave your job as soon as possible and hope that a smaller portfolio will provide sufficient income. It's all about finding the right balance given your personal situation.
financial freedom baby steps
– Project Payday is one of those sites that has testimonials of people who have earned thousands of dollars by getting paid to get trial offers. I'm not saying you'll earn thousands, but it is legit and you can earn some extra cash. They assume that by paying you to do a free trial, you'll either like the product and purchase it, or forget to cancel the trial and get charged for it. If you can keep track and cancel before you get charged (if you don't want the product), then this is a great site for making some money.
Did not realize that there is a huge community exist for FI online. A bit embarass at myself for still working when I have almost 1M USD and my living expense (excluding travel) is 1K per month. I spend maybe 8K a year on travel for mileage running, flying parents in business class etc from the miles game hobby. This blog gives me serious encouragement to quit in a few years… When I do quit, I will move back come to cut my living expense further (single), and I take my parents to travel using the miles and points I earn. (took them to Arctic last month, and cross country road trip in Australia.)
If you're willing to take on some risk and have the heart of a true hustler, you can make extra money online doing commission-only sales for startups and other businesses. While you won't be getting a regular salary, with the right sales strategies and skills as an inside sales rep, you can make decent money for each sale you bring in. And because you'll most likely be working with startups, if you can negotiate a little equity you could profit big time if you're pitching a solid product and the startup succeeds.
financial freedom podcast
I hope to end up somewhere in the "Blockbuster FI" category eventually, only because I am a worker. I like starting businesses, and making sales, so I'll probably always be doing something creative. I just want to get rid of the fear and pressure that comes with being dependent on money. The fear of losing a big client, or the pressure of having a competitor undercut me with prices, and always being on edge. Once I am FI, I can just have fun running businesses and really not care about the money I make. That's the dream I am striving for. My first quarter-million is in the bank, and generating me $1000 passive income a month, so I think the hardest stage of getting it going is over. Now I just have to keep building it. Always enjoy stopping by. Billy B.
We also keep our Safety Nets in our Betterment accounts. We do this for two reasons: 1) the money is liquid, which means we have instant access to our Safety Net if we need it, and 2) when the money is sitting in a separate account, it is less tempting to access than if it's in our bank accounts (plus it earns a better interest rate in a safe, conservative way).
I usually don't take the time to write a review and this particular case wanted to do it; although, I'm not done reading. What like about this book is that is not only about how to manage personal finance. It's also about challenging they way people think about money and how make money. In today's society people won't get ahead by just following a money management plan, but by mastering it and increasing income. This a great guide to define what this means for you and how to go about it. Very easy to read book!
How can I be financially smart
To escape the spending trap, you need to understand that income is not long-term wealth. What is wealth? Income is obviously a component of wealth, but wealth can have varying definitions. Many people see wealth as their total net worth at any given time. This can be paralleled to the assessment of an individual's balance sheet. Wealth can be referred to as the part of your balance sheet that is considered equity. Your assets minus liabilities. The wealth you have after liquidating.
Now you've got many different options to start earning online. If you saw something that really interests you, try it out and learn more about it. If you're really wanting to make a full-time income online, you need to be dedicated to learning how to do what you want to do. There are tons of free resources out there. You just have to search for them!
How do you gain financial freedom
Find your niche partners, collaborators, and champions: As you're creating your course, look for notable people who are also creating content in the space. Look att how their businesses operate and incorporate that into your own plan. You can also reach out to any influencers and make them affiliates for your own course. This way, they'll be incentivized to share your content with their own audiences (which can be a major way to generate your first sales—it helps if you're using one of the best CRMs for small business—and start building your own community!)
I was fortunate enough to have two friends who I've known for quite some time who are financially free and have been since their mid-twenties. I gravitated towards them and learned from them how they make income besides running their business and where they put their money to work. We still talk about investment opportunities, real estate, and various ways to make money.