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User Guide AM768A AM2048A MP AM2048A CAP AM2048A OS/M Ascom Telecom Part Number : 1/187/500/610 Issue 8 - Dec 2001. ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS CONFIDENTIAL TO ascom TELECOMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND MAY NOT BE DISCLOSED OR REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR PART WITHOUT THEIR WRITTEN CONSENT. © 2 ascom TELECOMMUNICATIONS LTD. 2001 Issue 8 ascom telecom Note: USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A The information contained in this document is supplied without liability for errors or omissions. Ascom Telecommunications Limited reserves the right to make changes to this document at any time without notice. Compliance Notes and Safety Instructions: Caution – Hazardous voltage inside the equipment Safety Instructions: This apparatus must be installed and maintained by SERVICE PERSONNEL. Disconnect the mains plug and the NTP line connection before attempting to change the user interface plug-in module. The mains plug on the equipment serves as the disconnect device, therefore a socket outlet shall be installed near the equipment and shall be easily accessible. Power Rating Information – AC plug top adapter: Voltage Range 240V – 10% +6% Current Range 25mA to 50mA Frequency Range 50/60Hz Power Rating Information – 240V AC in-line adapter: Voltage Range 240V – 10% +6% Current Range 25mA to 50mA Frequency Range 50/60Hz Power Rating Information – 110V AC in-line adapter: Voltage Range 110V – 10% +6% Current Range 50mA to 100mA Frequency Range 50/60Hz Power Rating Information – DC Source: Voltage Range 40.5V to 58V Current Range 70mA to 200mA TTE – Network Statement Safety Statements The copper DSL line connection has a safety status of TNV-3 The Plug Top DC Power connection has a safety status of TNV-2 The X.21 Digital Network Interface Port has a safety status of SELV The V.35 Digital Network Interface Port has a safety status of SELV The 10/100 BaseT Port has a safety status of SELV. For the G.703 Port Connection to Unexposed Environments: The Alarm Port has a safety status of SELV. The G.703 Digital Network Interface Port has a safety status of SELV For the G.703 Port Connection to Exposed Environments: The Alarm Port has a safety status of earthed SELV. The G.703 Digital Network Interface Port has a safety status of TNV-1 The Protective Earth on the rear panel MUST be connected (see Section 4 on Installation) 3 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A Definitions: Exposed Environment A TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK is considered to be an exposed environment if one or more conditions for an unexposed environment are not fulfilled. Unexposed Environment A TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK is considered to be an unexposed environment if the following conditions apply to all parts of the network a) The possible effect of indirect lightning has been reduced by measures described in IEC 61312-1. b) The possibility of having different earth potentials has been reduced by connecting all equipment within the network to the same equipotential bonding system (see HD 384). c) The possibility of power cross/contact has been reduced (see HD 384). d) The possibility of induced transients and voltages has been reduced. Caution – Laser Product The Optical Interface is classified as a CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT. Caution – Electrostatic sensitive device Electro-static discharge (ESD) Warning: Antistatic precautions should be observed at all times. If the unit is power fed from the DSL line interface then a functional earth MUST be connected. (See Section 4 on Installation) EMC Statement This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. Manufacturers Declaration* Ascom Telecommunications Limited declares that this product is in conformity with the essential requirements of the 'R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC'. * A copy of the Declaration of Conformity is available upon request from Ascom Telecommunications Ltd. 4 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A Contents COMPLIANCE NOTES AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS: ................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 7 2. CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS................................................................................................................ 8 3. SYSTEM OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................. 10 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4. COPPER TRANSMISSION ......................................................................................................................... 10 OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ....................................................................................................................... 11 DSL TRANSMISSION FRAME ................................................................................................................. 12 CONTROL CIRCUIT................................................................................................................................. 12 ALARM INTERFACE ............................................................................................................................... 13 USER INTERFACE MODULES .................................................................................................................. 13 INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................................................... 14 4.1 CONNECTION OF PROTECTIVE EARTH.................................................................................................... 14 4.2 POWER ON SEQUENCE ........................................................................................................................... 14 4.3 LOGGING ON ......................................................................................................................................... 14 4.4 SETTING MASTER/SLAVE MODE. ........................................................................................................... 15 4.5 SETTING THE USER INTERFACE ............................................................................................................. 15 4.6 SETTING THE NX64K USER DATA RATE ............................................................................................... 16 4.7 SELECTING THE CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................ 16 4.7.1 Point to Point Link........................................................................................................................ 17 4.7.2 Point to Multipoint Link................................................................................................................ 20 4.8 BRINGING INTO SERVICE ....................................................................................................................... 22 4.9 TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS ................................................................................................................ 23 4.9.1 Transmission Range...................................................................................................................... 23 4.9.2 End to End Delay.......................................................................................................................... 24 4.9.3 Jitter.............................................................................................................................................. 24 4.10 G.703 INTERFACE OPTIONS ................................................................................................................... 25 4.10.1 Unstructured Operation................................................................................................................ 25 4.10.2 Structured Operation .................................................................................................................... 26 4.10.3 Structured Working, CRCs Enabled ............................................................................................. 27 4.10.4 ETS 300 233 Loopbacks ............................................................................................................... 28 5. PHYSICAL INTERFACES ....................................................................................................................... 30 5.1 MAINS POWER SUPPLY .......................................................................................................................... 30 5.1.1 240V Plug Top PSU...................................................................................................................... 30 5.1.2 240V In Line PSU ......................................................................................................................... 30 5.1.3 110V In-line PSU.......................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 DC POWER INLET .................................................................................................................................. 30 5.3 COPPER TRANSMISSION LINE ................................................................................................................ 31 5.4 OPTICAL TRANSMISSION LINE ............................................................................................................... 31 5.5 SERIAL CONTROL .................................................................................................................................. 31 5.6 ALARM INPUT/OUTPUT PORT ................................................................................................................ 32 5.7 INTERFACE MODULES ........................................................................................................................... 33 5.7.1 G.703 ............................................................................................................................................ 33 5.7.2 X.21............................................................................................................................................... 34 5.7.3 V.35............................................................................................................................................... 35 5.8 FRONT PANEL ........................................................................................................................................ 36 5.8.1 Controls ........................................................................................................................................ 36 5.8.2 Indicators...................................................................................................................................... 37 5 Issue 8 ascom telecom 6. AM768A/AM2048A INTERNAL LINKS AND FUSES .................................................................................. 38 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7. USER GUIDE G.703 PLUG IN MODULE ....................................................................................................................... 38 X.21 PLUG IN MODULE MK I................................................................................................................ 38 X.21 PLUG IN MODULE MK II .............................................................................................................. 39 V.35 PLUG IN MODULE (MK I AND MK II)........................................................................................... 39 MOTHERBOARD ..................................................................................................................................... 40 COMPLIANCE NOTES .............................................................................................................................. 41 7.1 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDS ...................................................................................................... 41 8. GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................................ 42 9. TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................................................................. 44 APPENDIX A - X.21/V.35 CABLE LENGTHS............................................................................................... 45 X.21 CABLES - POTENTIAL PROBLEM LENGTHS ............................................................................................... 46 V.35 CABLES - POTENTIAL PROBLEM LENGTHS ............................................................................................... 48 APPENDIX B – ORDERING INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 50 6 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 1. Introduction This manual applies to the High Speed DSL Systems, designed and manufactured by Ascom Telecommunications Ltd in the U.K.. The modems provide synchronous communications at user data rates between 64kbps and 2048kbps over up to three twisted pair cables or a single optical fibre. The equipment has modular transmission and user interfaces, which allows the equipment to be configured to meet many different installation requirements. Both rack and desktop versions of all units are available. Desktop units are AM2048A… and rackmount units are AM2048B… This manual covers the desktop units. The AM2048A OS provides full duplex transmission at 2.048Mbps over a single single-mode optical fibre. The AM2048A OM provides full duplex transmission at 2.048Mbps over a single multi-mode optical fibre. The AM2048A MP provides full duplex transmission at 2.048Mbps using 3 copper pairs. It can be used in point to point or point to multipoint mode. The line code is 3B1O. The AM2048A CAP provides full duplex transmission at 2.048Mbps using 1 or 2 copper pairs. It can be used in point to point or point to multipoint mode. The line code is CAP. The AM768A is a reduced cost unit, available with a single transmission module. This has most of the functionality of the AM2048 but reduced payload bandwidth due to using one transmission line instead of three. It is intended mainly for use in point to multipoint mode in conjunction with the AM2048A MP or the AM2048B MP Separate interface modules can also be purchased in order to modify the units for operation with a different terminal interface at a later date. Throughout the handbook, all types of unit are referred to as DSLU (Digital Subscriber Line Unit) The DSLU can easily be configured via a dumb terminal. It is recommended to use a VT100 terminal emulation program running on a notebook or palmtop PC. Using the menu system with on-line help should reduce the need to refer to the handbook. Once configured, the operation of the DSLU is totally automatic. In the event of line disturbances or power failure, the data link is restored without operator intervention. Chapter 4 (Installation) describes the basic set up procedure and this should be read prior to setting up any link. The VT100 Management User Guide gives a full description of the menu system.. Modifications to line cords and power supply leads are available for country specific requirements. In such cases, the line cord pinout may be different. The basic model is the same, line cords and power cords are separate plug in items. 7 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 2. Constructional Details Figure 1 Desktop Unit The desktop unit is housed in a grey non-flammable plastic case (UL94 rating V0). The membrane front panel contains 5 LED indicators and 3 push button switches with LEDs to indicate their activation. LEDs • Urgent Alarm • Non Urgent Alarm • Test • Power • Master Buttons • Local Loop • Loop Back • Rem Loop 8 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A On the rear panel there are the following connectors: –48V DC supply inlet socket 3-pin mini-fit line interface 8 way RJ45 (Copper) FC/SPC (Optical) See Appendix B for other options. Management port interface 9 way female D-type Alarm interface 13 way circular DIN Data Ports (depending on module fitted) G.703 120Ω 8 way RJ45 G.703 75Ω BNC X.21 15 way D-type female V35 34 way MRAC female The data interface connector type will be from one of the three user specified interfaces available. They are detailed in section 5. The plastic housing contains the main PCB. The plastic case has an internal metallised layer for EMC screening purposes. The membrane front panel is attached to the main PCB with a flexible circuit connector. Also included is a 3 metre screened, stranded, Category 5 line cord terminated in 8-way RJ45 plugs at both ends. Optional plug-top and in-line mains adapters are available with a 1.8 metre long DC lead, terminating in a 3-pin mini-fit plug. Also available is a VT100 Management connection cable. The overall dimensions of the unit are 274mm(L) x 251mm(W) x 55mm(H). 9 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 3. System Overview Transmission Modules Transceiver Analogue Interface Pair 1 Transceiver Analogue Interface Pair 2 DSP Chip Transceiver Analogue Interface Pair 3 DSP Chip DSP Chip User Interface Module G703 75/120 ohms Primary Rate Interface ascom HDSL Interface Chip Micro Controller Figure 2 Copper System Block Diagram 3.1 Copper Transmission The copper system is intended for operation on 2-wire local telephone network circuits, such as those meeting BT EPS-9 (Note: the DSLU requires between one and three such circuits). It will operate satisfactorily on unloaded lines having a wide range of characteristics; bridge taps can be tolerated, dependent upon their characteristics. Although, the system requires a baseband circuit, a continuous loop at DC is not required. The system can transmit data at rates between 64k and 2048k. For the copper system, echo cancellation is used to eliminate the unwanted reflections of the transmitted signal from the receiver input. The line is connected to the transmission circuit via a line transformer, which acts as a balun and provides isolation; there is surge protection across the transformer line connections. The transmission circuit utilises a custom IC and a number of proprietary components to perform the signal processing described above. When more than one transmission line is in operation, each transmission system operates with the same bit rate derived from an oscillator in the master unit. 10 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A Optical Transmission Module Laser Driver User Interface Module G703 75/120 ohms Primary Rate Interface ascom HDSL Interface Chip ascom Tranceiver Codec Chip Clock Recovery Optical Duplexer Analogue Rx and Channel Separation Filter Micro Controller Figure 3 Optical System Block Diagram 3.2 Optical Transmission The optical transmission interface module fits into the same envelope as three copper modules and is designed to operate over a single optical fibre. This is accomplished using an optical duplexer, which integrates a laser and a photodiode in a single package. Both directions are transmitted at the 1310nm optical window, leaving the 1550nm window free. The interface module encodes the DSL framed data using a 5B6B block code for error monitoring and spectral shaping. Sub-carrier modulation is used to increase the separation between the upstream and downstream directions. Baseband transmission is used from ELU to NTU, whereas the other direction is modulated onto a carrier. For transmission over single-mode fibre, order the AM2048 OS. For transmission over multi-mode fibre, order the AM2048 OM. The AM2048A OS and AM2048 OM are Class I products in accordance with EN60825-1 and therefore inherently safe. 11 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 3.3 DSL Transmission Frame Both of the above transmission systems operate in a bit pump mode. The DSL frame is sent over this 'data pipe'. The DSL frame contains the following • Sync word • Stuff bits • Stuff control bits • EOC channel • Customer data The nominal DSL frame is always 6ms long, regardless of the transmission rate of the individual channels. The DSL frame length is adjusted slightly by the use of stuff bits. There may be 4 stuff bits or 2 stuff bits per frame. The stuff bits are used to adjust the effective payload bandwidth of the DSL frame. If the user rate clock is slightly quicker than the line rate clock then less stuff bits are sent. Alternatively, if the user rate clock is slightly slower than the line rate clock then more stuff bits are sent. This mechanism allows the line rate bandwidth to be adjusted to match the user rate bandwidth. At the receive end, the rate at which the stuff bits arrive is used to recover the user clock. The transmit and receive paths may be operated independently from one another so that when a G.703 user interface is present, the transmit and receive clocks are allowed to vary independently by +50ppm. (Note. When operating with X.21 or V.35 interfaces, there is only a single clock at each user interface.) The Embedded Operation Channel (EOC) is carried in spare overhead bits in the transmission frame. Packetised SNMP SET and GET messages are passed over the link from the ELU to the NTU, which answers with the appropriate SNMP response. Byte timing is maintained by the transmission system and is available if required. 3.4 Control Circuit The control circuit is based on a micro-controller and determines the operational status of the unit according to the state of the transmission system, the data interface and the configuration information received from the terminal. Configuration data and two copies of the application are stored internally in FLASH memory. On power-up the application program is copied from FLASH to RAM from where it is executed. The main application program is backed up so that if a corruption occurs it can be corrected. This also enables the programming of a new application while the equipment is operating normally. Control is transferred to the new application after an automatic restart at the end of the download. This minimises the interruption of payload traffic. Also, if programming is interrupted, the previous version of software will remain intact. A new application program may also be downloaded from the ELU to the remote NTU over the line. 12 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 3.5 Alarm Interface A 13 pin circular DIN connector provides access to 6 alarm inputs that are used to detect metallic contact closure. For example, they can be used to sense a cabinet door open or temperature sensors. The priority of these auxiliary alarms may be programmed through the "Alarms>Severity Level Settings" screen. There are also relay contact outputs to indicate urgent and non-urgent alarms. This allows the system to be easily integrated into the alarm systems of other equipment. 3.6 User Interface Modules The user interface is provided by a plug-in module of which there are six types: • • • • • • G.703, with software selectable 75ohm or 120ohm ports X.21 V.35 G.703 MK II (with 1 + 1 protection switch) X.21 MK II (with tail buffer) V.35 MK II (with tail buffer) The existing interface module can be changed out using a pluggable replacement unit. These can be ordered separately using the part numbers detailed below. For part numbers and order codes see Appendix B. 13 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4. Installation This chapter describes the basic steps that are required to set up a system involving the DSL Modem. 4.1 Connection of Protective Earth If it is required to connect the G.703 port to a circuit that is defined as TNV, then a protective earth must be connected to the earth bond stud on the rear panel. See the Compliance Notes and Safety Instructions inside the front cover. If the unit is power fed then a functional earth must be connected to the earth bond stud on the rear panel to provide a discharge path to ground for ESD protection. See the Compliance Notes and Safety Instructions inside the front cover. 4.2 Power On Sequence With no DTE or line connected to the DSLU on power up, the following LED sequence will be displayed: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Urgent Non-Urgent Test Power Prior to the sequence starting, a random pattern may appear momentarily. During sequence 1 to 7 the LEDs are illuminated in turn as an LED confidence test. During stage 8 the test LED flashes as the internal self-test sequence is completed. The flashing will normally last for about 4 seconds, however, if a new application has been loaded this time will be extended by about 10 seconds while a backup copy of the application is made. With no external connections the unit will sense the loss of external signals, raise the urgent alarm and stop at stage 9. When the system has been installed and is working correctly, the unit should move to stage 10. 4.3 Logging On Connect a VT100 terminal (or PC running a VT100 emulation program) to the 9-way serial port on the rear of the unit. The log on screen should appear automatically once the DSLU detects the terminal. Type 'C' to select Configuration, then press 'Enter' Type 'ascom' the default password setting, then press 'Enter' The top level menu system displays the sub-menus available. For a full description of the menu system, refer to the 'VT100 Management User Guide'. 14 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.4 Setting Master/Slave mode. For all modes of operation, one unit must be set to master mode, while the other unit is set to slave mode. The master unit is referred to as the ELU or Exchange Line Unit and the slave unit is referred to as the NTU or Network Terminating Unit. The front panel 'Master' LED indicates the mode of the unit. The ELU is a 'master' in several senses. The master end provides the source of the bit rate timing for the transmission line(s). The ELU is also the 'master' from a network management point of view. It contains the database of configuration information for itself and all connected NTUs. The alarm and performance monitoring history is saved at the ELU. When the management terminal is connected to the ELU it can read all of the information from the remote NTU, whereas when the management terminal is connected to the NTU, only the local information is obtainable. The factory default is for the unit to be configured as a slave (NTU). To change the setting, using the terminal go to the "Configuration>Master/Slave" screen and select the appropriate option. (use the arrow keys or tab key to navigate and the spacebar to change the setting). The basic setup for all modes is as follows: At the master end: Configuration>Master/Slave 1. select Master. 2. select Point- to Point or Point to Multipoint, as appropriate. 3. enable the required number of lines At the slave end: The factory default setting should allow the units to get into sync, otherwise: Configuration>Master/Slave 4. select Slave. 5. select Point- to Point or Point to Multipoint, as appropriate. 6. enable the required number of lines The unit will automatically reboot with the new settings once the "return" key is pressed to accept the changes. You will then be invited to log back on to the system. It is possible to set Master/Slave by using the front panel buttons if a terminal is unavailable, see section 5.8.1. 4.5 Setting the User Interface The unit automatically detects what kind of user interface is plugged in and displays the appropriate screen in the "Configuration>User Port" screen. For X.21 and V.35, DTE/DCE selection is carried out by moving the link header on the user interface plug-in module. The software automatically senses the link setting and sets the unit up accordingly. To check the user interface and any link settings, using the terminal, go to the "Information>System" screen, this will display which user interface has been plugged in, and which mode it is in. Once a unit is configured as an ELU, the expected interface at the NTU may be set, or by default, the unit will auto-discover the NTU user port configuration after the line gets into synchronisation. 15 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.6 Setting the Nx64K User Data Rate For X.21 and V.35 the data rate may be set in increments of 64kbps. The default setting of N = 6. The data rate is set by entering the desired value of N. The full range of N is from 1 to 32. The screen display gives the equivalent data rate in kbps for the value of N. The software automatically restricts the value of N to match the user interface and line interface combination. e.g. for an Am768, the maximum value of N = 12. For a G.703 to Nx64 configuration, the maximum value of N is 31 as only timeslots 1 to 31 are transported over the transmission link. N may be further restricted depending on the transmission system. For software up to version 2.9, the value of N must be entered for each end of the link as follows: At the master end: Configuration>User Port 1. Set the desired value of N. 2. Press F8, to select the remote end 3. Set the desired value of N 4. Press Enter to activate the change. For software versions greater than 2.9, the value of N only needs to be set once: At the master end: Configuration>User Port 1. Set the desired value of N. 2. Press Enter to activate the change. 4.7 Selecting the Circuit Configuration The term 'digital section' refers to the data link between the user ports of the connected DSLUs. In a standalone section, the DSLUs provide the complete transmission system. In a tandem section, the DSLUs are used to extend an existing circuit or network port. To achieve synchronous data transfer, the master DSLU must derive its timing from the circuit to which it is connected. A Point to Point link requires two DSLUs, one master and one slave. A Point to Multipoint link can have up to four DSLUs, one master and up to three slaves. The DSLU at one end of the digital section is selected to be a Master (ELU), the remote end(s) are selected to be slave(s) (NTUs). For a tandem section, the DSLU connected to the tandem section is configured as the master. Please refer to the diagrams on the following pages. 16 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.7.1 Point to Point Link 220.127.116.11 Standalone Section ELU NTU Terminal 1 Terminal 2 The transmission channel can be a single optical fibre, one, two or three copper pairs. 22.214.171.124.1 G.703 to G.703 Internal Timing Slave terminals are connected to the digital section at both ends, a clock inside the ELU then becomes the reference clock for the entire system. T T T ELU T NTU T Terminal 1 Terminal 2 The internal clock T is generated at the ELU, both terminals lock to this clock and return the clock T to the DSL units. An elastic store in the DSLUs buffers the framed data. Using the "Configuration > User Port" Menu: 1. At the ELU, select the 'Internal' timing option 2. Using F8, cycle to the NTU user port, select the 'Internal' timing option 3. Press 'Return' to enter the changes. 126.96.36.199.2 G.703 to G.703 Transparent Timing One of the connected terminals acts as a master, the other is a slave. However, both terminals could operate independently or pleisiochronously. T1 T2 Terminal 1 T2 ELU NTU T1 Terminal 2 Clocks T1 and T2 are independent of one another and are transported independently through the DSL system. Using the "Configuration > User Port" Menu: 4. At the ELU, select the 'Transparent' timing option 5. Using F8, cycle to the NTU user port, select the 'Transparent' timing option 6. Press 'Return' to enter the changes. 17 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 126.96.36.199.3 X.21/V.35 DCE to X.21/V.35 DCE The terminals connected to the digital section at both ends are DTEs, a clock inside the ELU then becomes the reference clock for the entire system. T T Terminal 1 ELU NTU DCE DCE T Terminal 2 184.108.40.206 Tandem Section For the following configurations, the DSLUs are connected in series with another transmission system or equipment ELU Network NTU Terminal 2 Terminal 1 18.104.22.168.1 G.703 to G.703 Transparent Timing The timing for each terminal is carried independently across the digital section. T1 T1 Network Terminal 1 T2 T2 ELU NTU T2 T1 Terminal 2 Using the "Configuration > User Port" Menu: 7. At the ELU, select the 'Transparent' timing option 8. Using F8, cycle to the NTU user port, select the 'Transparent' timing option 9. Press 'Return' to enter the changes. 18 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 18.104.22.168.2 X.21/V.35 DTE-to X.21/V.35 DCE The plug in module at the master end of the digital section must be configured as a DTE. This allows timing to be recovered from the timing output from the tandem system. T Network Terminal 1 19 ELU NTU DTE DCE T T Terminal 2 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.7.2 Point to Multipoint Link Note, when operating in Point to Multipoint, the master unit always has a G.703 user interface. The slave units may be EITHER all G.703 OR all Datacom (any mixture of X.21 and V.35). 184.108.40.206 Standalone Section NTU T Terminal 1 T T T ELU NTU T Terminal Terminal 2 G.703 NTU T Terminal 3 18.104.22.168.1 G.703 to G.703 A clock 'T' inside the master DSL unit provides the reference clock for the entire system. Using the "Configuration > User Port" Menu: 10. At the ELU, select the 'Internal' timing option 11. Using F8, cycle through the remote user ports, selecting the 'Internal' timing option 12. Press 'Return' to enter the changes. 126.96.36.199.2 G.703 to X.21/V.35 A clock inside the master DSL unit provides the reference clock for the entire system. Using the "Configuration > User Port" Menu: 1. At the ELU, select the 'Internal' timing option 2. Press 'Return' to enter the changes. 20 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 220.127.116.11 Tandem Section NTU T Terminal 1 T Network Terminal T ELU NTU T T Terminal 2 G.703 NTU T Terminal 3 22.214.171.124.1 G.703 to G.703 The master DSL unit locks on to the incoming clock 'T', this clock is passed to the remote terminals 1, 2 and 3. Using the "Configuration > User Port" Menu: 1. At the ELU, select the 'transparent' timing option 2. Using F8, cycle through the remote user ports, selecting the 'Internal' timing option 3. Press 'Return' to enter the changes. 126.96.36.199.2 G.703 to X.21/V.35 The master DSL unit locks on to the incoming clock 'T', this clock is passed to the remote terminals 1, 2 and 3. Using the "Configuration > User Port" Menu: 1. At the ELU, select the 'transparent' timing option 2. Press 'Return' to enter the changes. 21 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.8 Bringing into Service Once the equipment is correctly installed, it may be necessary to monitor the quality of service before putting live traffic on the circuit, depending on the installation rules of the network. The AM2048 has various features which help the user to do this with a high degree of confidence without the use of extra test equipment. A terminal plugged into the ELU gives access to the following information: In the "Performance > m.2100" History screen, the display records errored seconds, severely errored seconds and unavailable seconds for the aggregate line system. The recording interval and the pass fail criterion of the datalog record is programmable by the user to match the tables found in m.2100. In the "Performance > Transmission Line" screen, the display records G.826 statistics for both ends of each transmission line. In a multi pair system, if errors are recorded in the m.2100 screen, this screen will help to locate the erroring line and direction of errors. Once the circuit is working, the "Alarm > History" screen should be checked and cleared. The alarm history should be checked after a suitable interval to ensure that no alarms are occurring. (For more details of the menu system see the "VT100 Management User Guide for the AM2048.") 22 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.9 Transmission Parameters 4.9.1 Transmission Range 184.108.40.206 Copper Transmission Systems For the copper transmission systems, the equipment is designed to meet the performance limits specified in ETR 152. This specification defines bit error rate performance for DSL systems in the presence of noise over a variety of cable loops. Note: For the tables below, baseline performance is measured on 0.4mm Polyethylene Twin cable. Figures for other cable diameters are based the 0.4mm performance and extrapolated using typical cable characteristics. 184.108.40.206.1 AM2048 MP – 2048kbps over 3 pairs Attenuation of 31dB at 150kHz, with noise present, gives a BER of <1 x 10 E-7. Cable diameter (mm) 0.4 0.5 0.63 0.9 Range with noise (km) 2.8 3.73 5.19 8.00 Range, without noise (km) 3.5 4.67 6.48 10.00 18.104.22.168.2 AM2048 CAP – 2048kbps over 2 pairs Attenuation of 31dB at 150kHz, with noise present, gives a BER of <1 x 10 E-7. Cable diameter (mm) 0.4 0.5 0.63 0.9 Range with noise (km) 2.8 3.73 5.19 8.00 Range, without noise (km) 4.0 5.33 7.41 11.43 22.214.171.124.3 AM2048 CAP – 2048kbps over 1 pair Attenuation of 23dB at 150kHz, with noise present, gives a BER of <1 x 10 E-7. Cable diameter (mm) 0.4 0.5 0.63 0.9 23 Range with noise (km) 2.0 2.67 3.70 5.71 Range, without noise (km) 3.0 4.00 5.56 8.57 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 220.127.116.11 Optical Transmission The system operates from 0dB to 25dB of optical attenuation. For single-mode (9/125) fibre with an attenuation of 0.35dB/km this equates to a transmission distance up to 70km. For multi-mode (50/125 or 62.5/125) fibre with an attenuation of 0.6dB/km this equates to a transmission distance up to 41km. Attention! Care must be taken to ensure that the fibre connectors are clean. 4.9.2 End to End Delay The transit delay from one end of the system to the other is < 700uS. 4.9.3 Jitter For G.703 interfaces, the jitter meets the requirements of TBR12 and TBR13. Measurement Filter Bandwidth Lower Cut Off (High Pass) 40Hz Upper Cut Off (Low Pass) 100kHz Output Jitter UI Peak to Peak (maximum) 0.11 These measurements are performed in the presence of the maximum tolerable input jitter. 24 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.10 G.703 Interface Options 4.10.1 Unstructured Operation CRC4 HDSL CRC4G FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 Tx TS0 TS0 CRC4M Rx FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 CRC6 HDSL CRC4M TS0 TS0 Rx FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 CRC4G Tx FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 CRC6 TE NT1 LT T V3 ET Figure 4 : Unstructured Operation For unstructured working, Loss of Frame Alignment and AIS alarms are suppressed. The user data passes transparently through the system. An arbitrary frame position is assumed for mapping the user data in to the line pairs. The user data may or may not have TS0, and may or may not be using CRC4, nothing is assumed about the user data. To set up this configuration, go to the "Configuration > User Port" Menu and select Rx Unframed Rx Framed Rx CRC4 Tx TSO Transparent Tx TSO Generate Tx CRC4 25 (*) ( ) [ ] (*) ( ) [ ] Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.10.2 Structured Operation CRC4 CRC4G Tx FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 HDSL TS0 Rx E CRC4M TS0 Rx CRC6 CRC4M FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 Tx TS0 Rx FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 E HDSL Tx TS0 Rx CRC4G Tx FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 CRC6 TE NT1 T LT V3 ET Figure 5 : Structured Working, End to End transparent CRCs For fractional working where not all pairs are equipped, the G.704 frame is padded out with the programmable 'Idle' pattern. To set up for structured working with transparent CRCs, go to the "Configuration > User Port" Menu and select Rx Unframed Rx Framed Rx CRC4 Tx TSO Transparent Tx TSO Generate Tx CRC4 ( ) (*) [ ] (*) ( ) [ ] The incoming structured data may be monitored for CRC4 errors, however, no E bits are returned at the user interface from the transmission equipment. To do this, simply enable the Rx CRC4 checkbox. 26 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.10.3 Structured Working, CRCs Enabled CRC4 CRC4 CRC4G Tx FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 CRC4M TS0 E CRC4G Tx E CRC4M FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 HDSL Rx TS0 Rx CRC6 CRC4G HDSL CRC4M TS0 Rx E E CRC4M Tx FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 TS0 Rx CRC4G Tx FAW A SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 CRC6 TE NT1 LT T V3 ET Figure 6 : Structured Working, CRCs Enabled In this case, the CRCs are checked and errored blocks are indicated back across the user interface by use of the E bits. This is the least ambiguous mode of operation from a performance monitoring point of view because each transmission section is covered by its own independent CRC check. To set up this configuration, go to the "Configuration > User Port" Menu and select Rx Unframed () Rx Framed (*) Rx CRC4 [X] Tx TSO Transparent () Tx TSO Generate (*) Tx CRC4 [X] In this mode of operation, the test loop activation messages defined in ETS 300 233 are passed to and from the LT over the V3 interface. 27 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 4.10.4 ETS 300 233 Loopbacks Loop 1 and Loop2 may be activated by sending patterns using spare bits 5 and 6 in TS0. Loopback 1 ELU Network NTU Loopback 2 ELU Network NTU Table 1 CrC4 Multiframe Structure Submultiframe I Multiframe II 28 Frame number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 c1 0 c2 0 c3 1 c4 0 c1 1 c2 1 c3 E c4 E 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Bits 1 to 8 of the PCM frame (i.e. time slot 0) 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 1 0 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa61 Sa7 0 1 1 0 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa62 Sa7 0 1 1 0 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa63 Sa7 0 1 1 0 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa64 Sa7 0 1 1 0 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa61 Sa7 0 1 1 0 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa62 Sa7 0 1 1 0 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa63 Sa7 0 1 1 0 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa64 Sa7 8 1 Sa8 1 Sa8 1 Sa8 1 Sa8 1 Sa8 1 Sa8 1 Sa8 1 Sa8 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A Table 2 Loopback code definitions State Loopback 1 command Loopback 2 command Loopback acknowledge Loopback release command DS-ET <-<---> <-- Sa5 0 0 0 0 Sa6 1111 1010 XXXX 0000 These loop activation codes are only detected at the G.703 interface at the ELU when CRCs are enabled. Loop 1 is the equivalent of a local loop at the ELU. Loop 2 is the equivalent of a remote loop set from the ELU. Note, the specification did not anticipate point to multipoint so in this mode loop 2 is not meaningful. 29 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 5. Physical Interfaces 5.1 Mains Power Supply If a 48V DC power supply is not available, mains to 48V converters are available. 5.1.1 240V Plug Top PSU This unit is a basic UK plug top with two core screened cable terminated in a 3 way mini-fit connector. Lead length 1.8m Ascom part number 5/500/000/037 5.1.2 240V In Line PSU On this unit, the mains connector is a standard 3 pin IEC 320 input. Lead length 1.8m Ascom part number 5/500/000/041 5.1.3 110V In-line PSU On this unit, the mains connector is a standard 3 pin IEC 320 input. Lead length 1.8m Ascom part number 5/500/000/038 5.2 DC Power inlet DC power is fed in via the three pin socket on the rear panel. 1 2 3 1 -48V 2 0V 3 CGND A connection from CGND to earth is required for ESD protection of the unit. If the unit is line powered, the ground connection must be made to the earth bonding point on the rear panel. (M3 screw) Mating connector Molex Minifit Junior Receptacle Molex female contact Molex Part Number: 39-01-4031 Molex Part Number: 39-00-0039 The DC Power Cable can be ordered from Ascom, Ascom Part Number (See Appendix B) CABLE AM2048A DC POWER 6/910/000/423 30 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 5.3 Copper Transmission Line The line interface connector on the unit is an 8-way RJ45 socket. PANEL VIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Line 1 A 2 Line 1 B 3 n.c. 4 Line 2 A 5 Line 2 B 6 n.c. 7 Line 3 A 8 Line 3 B The line cable supplied is a standard 3 metre screened Category 5 cable with an 8 way RJ45 plug on each end. Ascom part number 6/910/000/425 (See Appendix B) 5.4 Optical Transmission Line The rear panel optical connector is either FC/SPC, ST or SC. For ordering information see Appendix B. Connectors plugged into this port should be clean and should have a return loss better than –35dB. The dust cap should be fitted when the unit is not connected to the line. The optical output from this port is –5dBm (±2dB) at 1310nm. 5.5 Serial Control A VT100 compatible terminal can be plugged into the 9-way D-type on the rear panel. The socket is wired to allow a straight connection to a PC serial port. The serial cable must have pins 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 connected. For a full description of the menu system, refer to the 'VT100 Management User Guide'. The serial port setting is 19.2Kbaud/s, 8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit, Xon/Xoff flow control. The RS232C interface complies with the CCITT V24/V28 standards. The maximum length of cable between communicating devices is limited to 15.2m (50ft). Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 Function Receive cct 104 Transmit cct 103 DTR Ground cct 102 DSR The serial control cable can be ordered from Ascom, (See Appendix B) Serial Cable AssemblyAscom Part Number CABLE 9 WAY SERIAL 6/910/000/429 31 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 5.6 Alarm Input/Output Port The alarm port provides 6 logic level inputs, and the contacts of two changeover relays. The pinout is shown below: PANEL VIEW 4 3 2 1 5 6 7 8 12 11 10 9 13 1 RELAY 1 CLOSED = Urgent Alarm 2 RELAY 1 COMMON 3 RELAY 1 OPEN = Urgent Alarm 4 RELAY 2 CLOSED = Non-Urgent Alarm 5 RELAY 2 COMMON 6 RELAY 2 OPEN = Non-Urgent Alarm 7 ALARM INPUT 1 8 ALARM INPUT 2 9 ALARM INPUT 6 10 ALARM INPUT 5 11 ALARM INPUT 4 12 ALARM INPUT 3 13 GND Figure 7 - Alarm Connector In the de-energised state, the urgent alarm relay closes the contact between pins 1 and 2 (pins 2 and 3 are open) and the non-urgent alarm relay closes the contact between pins 4 and 5 (pins 5 and 6 are open). When power is applied and all alarms are off, the urgent alarm relay opens the contact between pins 1 and 2 (pins 2 and 3 are closed), the non-urgent alarm relay opens the contact between pins 4 and 5 (pins 5 and 6 are closed). In the ELU, the alarms relay outputs may be used to integrate the AM2048 into the exchange alarm system. To save power in the NTU the alarm relays are disabled. The alarm inputs are available at both the ELU and the NTU and may be used for alarm collection from other equipment, e.g, door open alarm, battery low alarm, temperature alarms etc. The alarm inputs detect a short circuit between the alarm input pin and GND (pin 13) Mating connector CONN 13 WAY PLG Screened Cable AssemblyCABLE AM2048A ALARM (See Appendix B) 32 Ascom Part Number 6/313/000/002 Ascom Part Number 6/910/000/424 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 5.7 Interface Modules 5.7.1 G.703 The 75 ohm interface connectors are BNC. The 120 ohm interface connector is RJ45. Selection of the interface is carried out in the "Configuration > User Port" menu. Fixing Screws PCB Position G703 75/120 PIM 120 ohm 75 ohm OUT 75 ohm IN Card Extractor Grip RJ45 1 33 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 TxA 2 TxB 3 screen 4 RxA 5 RxB 6 screen 7 n.c. 8 n.c. Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 5.7.2 X.21 V11 refers to ISO 4903 for the connector pin-out. Circuit Interchange Circuit Name G T R C Signal ground or Common Return Transmit Receive Control Pins A…..B 8 2 9 4 11 3 10 I Indication 5 12 S Signal Element Timing 6 13 B Byte Timing 7 14 X DTE Signal Element Timing 7 14 Definition From DTE to DCE From DCE to DTE From DTE to DCE ON during Data OFF during Control From DCE to DTE ON during Data OFF during Control From DCE to DTE T and R change at OFF to ON of S From DCE to DTE OFF for the ON period of S During the last bit of the octet MK I, not used. MK II, From DTE to DCE The clock rate is set up using the "Configuration > User Port" Menu. Select the required value of N for Nx64K circuits. DTE – DCE mode, and X-B mode are selected using the hardware links on the X.21 interface module. Note: X-B is only available on the X.21 MK II Plug In Module. 34 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 5.7.3 V.35 V.35 refers to ISO 2593 for the connector pin out. Circuit Interchange Circuit Name Pins B B P S R T C Definition A 102 103∅ 104∅ 105 Signal ground or Common Return Transmitted Data Received Data Request To Send (RTS) 106 Ready For Sending (RFS) D 107 Data Set Ready (DSR) E 109 Received Signal Detector F 113∅ Terminal Signal Element Timing U 114∅ Transmitter Signal Element Timing Y AA 115∅ Receiver Signal Element Timing V W X From DTE to DCE From DCE to DTE ON transmit Data OFF transmit binary 1. ON DCE ready to accept data OFF DCE not ready ON DCE ready to operate OFF DCE not ready to operate ON line signal is good OFF line signal out of limits 103 changes at OFF to ON of 113 103 changes at OFF to ON of 114 Centre of bit on 104 ON to OFF on 115 140 Remote Loopback N 141 Local Loopback L 142 Test Indicator NN Circuits marked ∅ are balanced V.35, unmarked circuits are to V.28 Circuit marked is only implemented in DTE mode. The clock rate is set up using the "Configuration > User Port" Menu. Select the required value of N for Nx64K circuits. DTE – DCE mode may be selected using Links 1 and 2. 35 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 5.8 Front Panel 5.8.1 Controls 126.96.36.199 Setting Master/Slave 1. Press the local loop and loopback buttons together and hold them until both the local loop and loopback indicators are lit. Upon releasing the buttons, the Remote Loop indicator starts to flash and you have 5 seconds to select and accept the required Master /Slave mode. 2. With the remote loop indicator flashing, press the remote loop button to toggle the state of the Master/Slave LED. Select Master/Slave as desired. 3. To accept the change, press local loop and loopback buttons together until the Remote Loop indicator goes off. The unit will then automatically restart in the selected mode. 4. If the change is not accepted within 5 seconds, the Remote Loop indicator will stop flashing and the unit will leave the programming mode and return to normal operation, with its Master/Slave mode unchanged. 220.127.116.11 Resetting to Factory Default Configuration Press the Local Loop and Loopback buttons together, then with the buttons still pressed, press the remote loop button as well. The unit will automatically restart with all of its configuration data cleared. Note, when the units reboots it will be configured as a "Slave". 220.127.116.11 Setting Loops The following test loops may be set using the front panel buttons. • Local Loop • Loopback • Remote Loop N.B. These buttons may be disabled from the 'Test > User Port' menu. User Local Loop User Loopback User Remote Loop 36 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 5.8.2 Indicators Power (Green) This will always be illuminated whenever the unit is powered up. Test (Red) This will be illuminated whenever: the unit has a loop locally or remotely applied. the unit is applying a remote loop. the unit is running a data test. Non-Urgent Alarm (Yellow) This LED will be illuminated if an alarm of fault severity 2 or 3 is present on the unit Urgent Alarm (Red) This LED will be illuminated if an alarm of fault severity 4 or 5 is present on the unit Master (Green) When lit, this LED indicates the unit has been configured to operate as a 'master'. The default setting is for the unit to be a 'slave' in which case the LED will be off. 37 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 6. Internal Links and Fuses 6.1 G.703 Plug In Module The following diagrams show the location of the internal hardware links. In all cases the factory default setting is shown on the left. FS1 FS1 FS4 FS2 FS3 Cap to Ground FS4 FS2 FS3 Direct to Ground The 75ohm G.703 receiver and the 120 ohm cable screen may be optionally connected directly to ground or to ground via a capacitor. The fuses FS1 to FS4 are used to protect the circuit against the transverse application of mains. 6.2 X.21 Plug In Module MK I The X.21 module may be configured as a DCE or DTE. In both modes, the receive clock, data and byte timing circuits may be terminated in 120 ohms. DCE 38 Load Out DTE Load In Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 6.3 X.21 Plug In Module MK II The X.21 module may be configured as a DCE or DTE. The 120 termination is always in. DCE X DTE B In DCE mode, the module may be configured to generate Byte Timing (B) or receive the DTE clock (X). In DTE mode, the module may be configured to receive Byte Timing (B) or generate a DTE clock (X). 6.4 V.35 Plug In module (MK I and MK II) The V.35 module may be configured as a DCE or DTE. Both links must be in the correct position. If the links are incorrectly set, the unit will detect the illegal setting. DCE 39 DCE DTE DTE Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 6.5 Motherboard Link J1 is factory fitted in the 'PWR Fed' position. This means that the unit can be powered directly from line (for copper transmission systems) or from the DC input. The other position for the link is for future use. The fuse FS400 is a 1A slow blow fuse to protect the DC input. CON9 CON2R CON2L J1 PWR Fed CON1 Wetting TIF 1 PSU CON4R TIF 2 CON3 TIF 3 CON5 CON4L CON6R CON7 CON6L PIM FS400 Figure 8 Motherboard Link Settings CON12 CON8 CON10 CON11 WARNING Only authorised personnel are allowed to open the DSL System case to change the link settings. Misuse or any modifications carried out to this unit other than in accordance with the instructions supplied, will invalidate the guarantee and CE compliance. 40 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 7. Compliance Notes TTE network statements and the declaration to conformity to EC directive 1999/5/EC are provided inside the front cover of this User Guide together with safety information. 7.1 Telecommunication Standards The equipment is in conformity with the following Common Technical Regulations and National Standards: Common Technical Regulations CTR2 CTR12 CTR13 X.21, X.21bis (V.35) G.703 2Mbps, 120Ω, unstructured G.703 2Mbps, 120Ω, structured UK National Standards NTR4 NTR14 41 G.703, 75Ω Analogue Baseband Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 8. Glossary A AC AIS BT CAP CCITT CRC4 CRC6 CRC6G CRC6M DC DCE DS DSP DSL DSLU DTE E bit ELU EMC EN 41003 Alarm bit in G.704 frame, timeslot 0 Alternating Current Alarm Indication Signal British Telecom Carrierless Amplitutde and Phase Modulation International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee Cyclic Redundancy Check 4 (bits) Cyclic Redundancy Check 6 (bits) CRC6 Generator CRC6 Monitor Direct Current Data Circuit Terminating Equipment Digital Section (Line section including ELU and NTU) Digital Signal Processing Digital Subscriber Line Digital Subscriber Line Unit. (AM768, AM2048 CAP, AM2048 OS etc.) Data Terminating Equipment Bits in the G.704 frame used to indicate that a CRC has been received in error. Exchange Line Unit Electromagnetic Compatibility Particular Safety Requirements for Equipment to be connected to Telecommunications Networks EN 60950 1992. Up to A11 (1997) Safety of Information Technology Equipment. EOC Embedded Operations Channel ESD Electro Static Discharge ET Exchange Termination ETR152 ETSI Technical Report 152 (1996).Transmission and multiplexing; DSL transmission system on local lines; ETS European Telecommunications Standard FAW Frame Alignment Word FIFO First In First Out Buffer FLASH Nonvolatile read/write memory G.703 CCITT Recommendation G.703 (1988): "Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces". G.704 CCITT Recommendation G.704 (1988): "Synchronous frame structures user at primary and secondary hierarchical levels". G.706 CCITT Recommendation G.706 (1988): "Frame alignment and CRC procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in G.704" G.826 CCITT Recommendation G.826 (1996) "Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate" HD 384 Electrical Installation of Buildings (IEC 60364 series, modified) IC Integrated Circuit IEC 61312-1 Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse; Part 1 General Principals ISO International Standards Organisation LED Light Emitting Diode LT Line termination (Same as ELU) LVD Low Voltage Directive M.2100 CCITT recommendation M.2100 (1995) Performance limits for bringing into service and maintenance of international PDH paths, sections and transmission systems. NT Network Termination NTU Network Terminating Unit NTP Network Termination Point 42 Issue 8 ascom telecom PC PCB PCM RAM SAn SELV SNMP TE TSn TNV VT100 V11 V.35 X.21 3B1O 43 USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A Personal Computer Printed Circuit Board Pulse Code Modulation Random Access Memory G.704 Timeslot 0 spare bit n. Safe Extra Low Voltage Simple Network Management Protocol Terminal Equipment Timeslot n Telecommunications Network Voltage Industry standard character based terminal. CCITT Recommendation V.11 Electrical characteristics for balanced double-current interchange circuits for general use with integrated circuit equipment in the field of data communications CCITT Recommendation V.24 List of definitions for interchange circuits between DTE and DCE CCITT Recommendation X.21 Interface between DTE and DCE for synchronous operation public data networks. Line code where 3 binary bits are coded into 8 (octal) discrete levels. Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A 9. Troubleshooting Please check the following points if problems are experienced setting up a DSL link: 1. For the copper system, ensure the modem is being used on unconditioned twisted pairs. 2. For the copper system, check the correct pin connections are being used on the RJ45 line connector. 3. For the optical system, if problems are experienced with 'Loss of Sync' check that the optical connector is clean. On a single fibre system, the transmission may be sensitive to back reflections caused by dust in the connector. 4. Check that one DSLU is set to master and the other(s) to slave. 5. Check that no test loops are active. (The front panel TEST LED should be off on all units). 6. Using the Management Terminal, a) Check the "Information > System" screen for user port settings ie. DTE/DCE mode. b) Check the "Alarms > Status" screen for details of any faults. c) Check the "Configuration > Master/Slave" mode for general system settings. d) Check the "Configuration > User Port" for user clock rate settings. 7. For G.703 interfaces. If CRCs are enabled and only one copper pair is being used for transmission, ensure that the idle pattern is set correctly in the "Configuration>User Port" Screen. 8. For nx64k check that the correct value of 'n' has been selected at BOTH ends of the link. If there is a doubt, enter the Configuration> User Port Screen and press 'Enter'. 9. For nx64k, check the DCE-DTE cable length against the charts in Appendix A. 10. If the front panel test loops fail to operate, check to see if they are enabled in the "Test > User Port" screen, also check that no conflicting tests are already activated. For persistent problems please contact your local distributor for assistance. Ascom Transmission technical support is available by fax on +44 29 20 500 850 in the first instance. 44 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A Appendix A - X.21/V.35 Cable lengths There is an inherent design limitation with the X.21 and V.35 interfaces when timing information is only transmitted in one direction. The timing is usually sent from the DCE to the DTE. Data originating from the DCE and travelling to the DTE arrives at the DTE with the same clock skew with which it originated at the DCE. However, data originating at the DTE arrives back at the DCE skewed relative to the DCE clock. This skew is equal to (2 x cable delay) + Driver delays at both ends. Receive data is normally sampled at the half bit period position. So to guarantee correct operation, the data arriving at the DCE must avoid this half period delay. NB. This calculation is only valid If the DTE samples receive data at the half bit position. Example calculation: Note: The driver delays for the DTE are only ESTIMATED values. For N = 32 Bit period = 488ns Half period = 244ns Typical V11 driver delay = 30ns Typical logic delay = 8ns Typical cable delay per metre = 6ns 1st problem cable delay 1st problem cable length Total driver delay = driver delay x 4 = 120ns = (Half Bit Period – total driver delays – logic delay)/2 = (244 – 120 – 8 /2 = 58ns = 9.7m 2nd problem cable length = (one and a Half Bit Period – total driver delays – logic delay)/12 = (732 – 120 - 8)/12 = 50.3m 3rd problem cable length = (two and a Half Bit Period – total driver delays – logic delay)/12 = (1220 – 120 – 8 )/12 = 91m And so on… So, further problem lengths occur at additional (Bit Period)/(2 x Cable delay per metre) = 40.6m See the next pages for the potential problem cable lengths for all values of N. If a problem is experienced, try adding two metres to the cable length. The latest versions of the X.21 and V.35 interface have features which help to overcome these problems. 45 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A X.21 Cables - Potential Problem Lengths Cable Delay per metre (ns) 6 Driver Delay (ns) 30 Logic Delay (ns) 8 N Data Rate Bit Period Max Delay 1st Length kbps ns ns m 64 15625 3842 1 640.4 128 7813 1889 2 314.9 192 5208 1238 3 206.3 256 3906 913 4 152.1 320 3125 717 5 119.5 384 2604 587 6 97.8 448 2232 494 7 82.3 512 1953 424 8 70.7 576 1736 370 9 61.7 640 1563 327 10 54.4 704 1420 291 11 48.5 768 1302 262 12 43.6 832 1202 236 13 39.4 896 1116 215 14 35.8 960 1042 196 15 32.7 1024 977 180 16 30.0 1088 919 166 17 27.6 1152 868 153 18 25.5 1216 822 142 19 23.6 1280 781 131 20 21.9 1344 744 122 21 20.3 1408 710 114 22 18.9 1472 679 106 23 17.6 1536 651 99 24 16.5 1600 625 92 25 15.4 1664 601 86 26 14.4 1728 579 81 27 13.4 1792 558 76 28 12.6 1856 539 71 29 11.8 1920 521 66 30 11.0 1984 504 62 31 10.3 2048 488 58 32 9.7 46 1302.1 651.0 434.0 325.5 260.4 217.0 186.0 162.8 144.7 130.2 118.4 108.5 100.2 93.0 86.8 81.4 76.6 72.3 68.5 65.1 62.0 59.2 56.6 54.3 52.1 50.1 48.2 46.5 44.9 43.4 42.0 40.7 2nd Length m 1942.5 965.9 640.4 477.6 380.0 314.9 268.4 233.5 206.3 184.6 166.9 152.1 139.6 128.8 119.5 111.4 104.2 97.8 92.1 87.0 82.3 78.1 74.3 70.7 67.5 64.5 61.7 59.1 56.7 54.4 52.3 50.4 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A X21 Cable Length vs N 100.0 90.0 Cable Length in Metres 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 N 47 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A V.35 Cables - Potential Problem Lengths Cable Delay per metre (ns) 6 Driver Delay (ns) 50 Logic Delay (ns) 23 N Data Rate Bit Period Max Delay 1st Length kbps ns ns m 64 15625 3795 1 632.5 128 7813 1842 2 306.9 192 5208 1191 3 198.4 256 3906 865 4 144.2 320 3125 670 5 111.6 384 2604 540 6 89.9 448 2232 447 7 74.4 512 1953 377 8 62.8 576 1736 323 9 53.8 640 1563 279 10 46.5 704 1420 244 11 40.6 768 1302 214 12 35.7 832 1202 189 13 31.5 896 1116 168 14 27.9 960 1042 149 15 24.8 1024 977 133 16 22.1 1088 919 118 17 19.7 1152 868 106 18 17.6 1216 822 94 19 15.7 1280 781 84 20 14.0 1344 744 75 21 12.4 1408 710 66 22 11.0 1472 679 58 23 9.7 1536 651 51 24 8.5 1600 625 45 25 7.5 1664 601 39 26 6.5 1728 579 33 27 5.5 1792 558 28 28 4.7 1856 539 23 29 3.9 1920 521 19 30 3.1 1984 504 15 31 2.4 2048 488 11 32 1.8 48 2nd Length m 1302.1 1934.5 651.0 958.0 434.0 632.5 325.5 469.7 260.4 372.0 217.0 306.9 186.0 260.4 162.8 225.6 144.7 198.4 130.2 176.7 118.4 159.0 108.5 144.2 100.2 131.7 93.0 120.9 86.8 111.6 81.4 103.5 76.6 96.3 72.3 89.9 68.5 84.2 65.1 79.1 62.0 74.4 59.2 70.2 56.6 66.3 54.3 62.8 52.1 59.5 50.1 56.5 48.2 53.8 46.5 51.2 44.9 48.8 43.4 46.5 42.0 44.4 40.7 42.5 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A V35 Cable Length vs N 100.0 90.0 Cable Length in Metres 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 N 49 Issue 8 ascom telecom USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A Appendix B – Ordering Information KEY User Interfaces G.703 X=1 X.21 X=2 V.35 X=3 G.703 MK II X=4 X.21 MK II X=5 V.35 MK II X=6 Optical Transmission Single Mode Fibre Multimode Fibre Fibre Connectors FC/SPC Y=A ST Y=B SC Y=C AM2048A OS AM2048A OM Copper Transmission Three pair, 3B1O AM2048A MP Single Pair 3B1O AM768A One/Two Pair CAP 1024/2048 AM2048A CAP Example order code 1/187/536/9AB Order Code 1/187/50X/9AY (For X and Y, see key) 1/187/53X/9AY Order Code 1/187/51X 1/187/52X 1/187/56X AM2048A OM V.35 ST Optical Transmission Mutimode fibre ST connector User interface V.35 MKII Spare User Interfaces G.703 X.21 V.35 G.703 MK II X.21 MK II V.35 MK II ascom part number 2/187/002 2/187/004 2/187/005 2/187/006 2/187/007 2/187/008 Order Code 1/187/002 1/187/004 1/187/005 1/187/006 1/187/007 1/187/008 Power Supplies 240V UK Plug top 240V In Line IEC 110V In Line IEC ascom part number 5/500/000/037 5/500/000/041 5/500/000/038 Order Code 1/187/311 1/187/312 1/187/313 Accessories ascom part number AM2048 DC Cable 5/500/000/037 AM2048 Alarm Connector 6/313/000/002 AM2048 Alarm Cable 6/910/000/424 AM2048 RJ45-RJ45 Cable 6/910/000/425 AM2048 RS232 Cable 6/910/000/429 Management Pack n.a. (Includes VTMS Handbook and RS232 cable) Order Code 1/187/314 1/187/315 1/187/316 1/187/317 1/187/320 1/187/350 50 Issue 8 ascom telecom 3 USER GUIDE AM768A/AM2048A Issue 8
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Ideal Thermal Bib Tight
Don't let a frosty storm put a damper on your riding plans, toss on Craft's Ideal Thermal Bib Tights and take the sting out of the cold. These tough tights are built to handle the frost, so you can skip the trainer and take to the tarmac, even when the weatherman warns you otherwise. They're built with a snug fit that wraps around your getaway sticks without room for cold air pockets, trapping warm air within the fleecy fibers on the inside, while icy winds are kept at bay on the outside. Soft, flexible bib straps help secure the tights in place, and offer a breathable back panel for sweat to escape when your heart rate gets pumping. Underneath, Craft employs the C3 chamois for cushion on your behind while you hammer through the miles. The pad itself is built with high-density foam that soaks up jarring vibrations from rough and weathered roads, so your sit bones can relax and take a break even when you're going all-out. Since wintry weather comes hand-in-hand with short days, low lighting, and dreary days, Craft ads in full 360-degree reflective print to enhance visibility and help you stay seen by busy motorists bustling about.
- Take on Old Man Winter with Crafts toasty winter bibs
- Thermal fabrics trap heat inside, and keep wind at bay
- Snug fit eliminates cold air pockets to keep you toasty
- Articulated panels allow for comfortable movement
- Cushion your sit bones with supportive C3 chamois
- Soft, breathable uppers support you in the cycling position
- Bold reflective detailing helps you stay seen in every direction
- Item #CRA00F0
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Cool but not cold
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
- Fit: True to size
Was looking for another pair of bib tights for early season cold morning spin miles here in Colorado. Have a pair of thermal Capos that I really like (and in fairness were pricier). Got a bit seduced by the

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Wonder Workshop Dash and Dot Robot Wonder Pack
Wonder Workshop Dash and Dot Robot Wonder Pack. Playtime just got smarter with the Wonder Workshop Dash & Dot Robot Wonder Pack. Learn to code as you play with your new robot friends and all of their add-ons. The robots arrive fully assembled and ready to play. The Wonder Workshop Dash & Dot Robot Wonder Pack Features: Use a supported iPad (iPad 3+, Mini, Air), Android or Kindle tablet (see list of devices below) to access free Wonder Workshop apps that control Dash and Dot.The robots arrive fully assembled and ready to play. Dash and Dot interact with the world using sensors. They can hear sounds, detect objects, and know if you are moving them. Program Dash and Dot to do anything you imagine. Deliver a message to a friend, have a dance party, and even navigate through an obstacle course. Toys > Category > Electronics, Tech Toys, Movies, Music > Tech Toys > Robotics. Toys & Games > Toys > Electronic Toys > Robotic Toys.
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Subaru WRX standard model
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With plenty of sedans on our lot right now, you can test drive whatever fits your needs. Climb inside the 2020 Subaru WRX. You'll appreciate its safety and technology features! Here's a great deal on a 2020 Subaru Legacy. This spectacularly designed vehicle challenges higher-priced competitors in its class! And finally, familiarize yourself with the 2020 Subaru Impreza. Smooth gearshifts are achieved thanks to the efficient 4 cylinder engine, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Call our friendly staff today to learn about our specials, speak to one of our experts, discuss your trade-in, or even talk financing of your next car.


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The ultimate ant-ageing night cream, Supremya Baume has been carefully formulated to address myriad concerns from fine lines, deep set wrinkles and dullness, to a loss of collagen and elastin in the skin. At its core is Sisley's patented* Phyto-Complex LC12, a custom blend of potent botanical actives proven to stimulate cellular regeneration in all areas to offer total rejuvenation of the complexion. Hazelnut oil, Kokum butter and Macadamia oil work to deliver vital lipids to skin while ensuring it stays plump and supple. With frequent nightly use, the skin is completely regenerated, revealing a more youthful, radiant and firmer complexion.


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Girls basketball
Santa Fe High 45, Los Alamos 41
What happened: The Demonettes opened their season by building a 38-23 lead heading into the fourth quarter, but then the Lady Hilltoppers outscored them 18-6. Santa Fe High didn't help matters by hitting just one of nine free throws over the final 8 minutes, while Los Alamos lived at the stripe by going 11 for 19 in the quarter.
Standouts: Freshman Maci Cordova led Santa Fe High with 10 points as eight players scored overall. Becca Green led Los Alamos with 14 points, and nine were in the second half.
What's next: Both teams play in the Bobby Rodriguez Capital City Tournament on Thursday. Los Alamos (1-1) plays Capital at 8 a.m., while the Demonettes take on Valencia at 5 p.m.
Abq. Academy 35, St. Michael's 24
What happened: The Lady Horsemen got the shots they wanted. Now, they have to make them. A 9-for-62 performance from the field doomed them in a nondistrict tilt with the Lady Chargers in Perez-Shelley Gymnasium. A two-point third quarter allowed Academy to take a 25-17 lead heading into the fourth quarter.
"Our woes from last year are following us," St. Michael's head coach Martin Esquibel said.
Standouts: Lauryn Pecos led the Lady Horsemen with eight points. The Lady Chargers' Elena Jordan scored 13 points, while Reagan Madonia added 11.
What's next: St. Michael's will try to cure its scoring woes at the Taos Tigers Shootout on Thursday, playing Questa at 9 a.m.
Santa Fe Prep 44, Abq. Menaul 18
What happened: The Blue Griffins finally had its entire roster available, and they showed they could play lock-down defense in a nondistrict game in Albuquerque. The Lady Panthers had only eight points through three quarters and Prep held a 29-8 lead by that point.
"Our fullcourt pressure got to them the first half," said Blue Griffins head coach Anika Amon. "We were moving the ball very well and had a lot of open looks at the basket."
Standouts: Anna Knight had a team-high 22 points for Prep, while Katherine Bair added 10.
What's next: The Blue Griffins (2-1) takes on Desert Academy/Santa Fe Waldorf on Friday in Christian Life Academy.
Abq. Cottonwood Classical Prep 57, Desert Academy/Santa Fe Waldorf 24
What happened: It was a rough start to the 2019-20 season for the Wild Wolves, as the Lady Coyotes rolled to a nondistrict win in Christian Life Academy. Desert Academy/Santa Fe Waldorf head coach Mike Velarde said it was the team's firs game of the season and the first time he had his full complement of players since the first week of practice.
"We had a lot of girls out because of the break," Velarde said. "I think we will be contenders come district time."
Standouts: Caroline Kyser led the Wild Wolves with seven points.
What's next: Desert Academy/Santa Fe Waldorf (0-1) entertains Santa Fe Prep on Friday in Christian Life Academy.
New Mexico School for the Deaf 56, Monte del Sol 24
What happened: The Lady Roadrunners shut down the Lady Dragons in the second half, outscoring them 28-4 to break open a nondistrict game at the Institute of American Indian Arts wellness center. Victoria Baca scored 11 of her team-high 21 points for NMSD after the break, as the team scored 13 baskets — all from inside the 3-point arc. Meanwhile, Monte del Sol only had four points from Gabriella Rosas in that span.
Standouts: Mya Malone joined the Lady Roadrunners' scoring party with 18 points. Daisy Ortiz scored all 10 of her points in the first half for the Lady Dragons.
What's next: NMSD (1-0) is host to Academy for Technology and the Classics on Thursday. Monte del Sol plays host Santa Rosa in the Lady Lion Classic on Thursday.


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And finally the fast uprising afro pop star has bring to an end the long anticipated song Na God song promises to have worth every hyping that have been made on his social media handles.
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The Neighborhood Strange — Russian Spy EP
(Strange Recordings, 2019, 7" / CD)
The Neighborhood Strange — Let's Get High / One Last Chance
(Strange Recordings THENS002V, 2017, 7" / CD)
The Neighbourhood Strange — The Neighbourhood Strange / Wytches Sky
(LSD Records THENS001V, 2016, 7" / CD)
Glenn Smith RIP – Glenn Smith, founder, mandolinist, and primary composer of the DeLand, Florida based prog / fusion band Magnatar, passed away on October 18th 2019 at the age of 68, after a brief illness. » Read more
Dino Brassea RIP – Word reaches us of the passing of Dino Brassea, who sang and played flute in Cast for many years. By our count, Brassea appeared on 11 Cast albums between 1994 and 2002. He also released music as a solo artist. » Read more
Ginger Baker RIP – Legendary English drummer Ginger Baker has died at the age of 80. After coming to fame with Cream in the 60s alongside Eric Clapton and Jack Bruce, he became one of the most recognized and influential drummers of the rock era. On September 25, his family announced that he was critically ill, and on October 6 his death was confirmed. » Read more
Alex's Hand Seeks Spa Treatment – American / European band Alex's Hand has a new album in the works called Hungarian Spa, which looks to be their biggest and best yet, featuring a large roster of guest musicians. They're seeking funding to take the project on the road, and are looking for help from the crowd of wisdom. » Read more
Legendary Co-Founder of The 13th Floor Elevators Passes Away at Age 71 – Sadly, Roky Erickson passed away on May 31, 2019. Known as the father of psychedelic music and co-founder of the ground breaking 13th Floor Elevators, Roky had a profound influence on music from the 60s to today. Plagued by his own personal demons, Roky had a difficult life and is now free of these burdens. » Read more
Aegis Integer - Sand Timer – This California trio seems to have sprung fully formed from the brow of some musical god. The music is undeniably "progressive" in a number of ways, but rarely reminds me more than very... (2008) » Read more
Kilgore Trout - KGT – Kilgore Trout has been kicking around the Northwest for some years now, after relocating here from the Northeast. This migration to Seattle might be typical for a rock band, especially a really loud... (2000) » Read more
Julverne - Le Retour du Captain Nemo – Julverne sprang from the same Belgian underground avant-garde music scene that produced Cos, Univers Zero, Aqsak Maboul, and Art Zoyd. As such, members of all the aforementioned bands, at one time or... (1995) » Read more
Bondage Fruit - Bondage Fruit – Bondage Fruit were formed in 1989, and have finally released their first CD. Leader Natsuki Kido is also a member of P.O.N. (and other groups unknown outside Japan). Like other bandleaders he employs... (1996) » Read more
Dystopia - The Second Dawn – Most of the time, when I listen to music, I don't actively think about the intentions of the musicians. I just listen and judge the sounds on their own terms. Only later do I sometimes wonder... (2000) » Read more


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£10million bill for probe into Afghan troops: Taxpayers' money is spent investigating 650 allegations of war crimes on the battlefield a decade ago... but no British soldier has been charged with any offence
- The MoD said Operation Northmoor had discontinued 90 per cent of cases
- It is understood that fewer than ten cases are still under investigation
- Dozens of soldiers are also still being investigated over their actions in Iraq
A special police unit set up by ministers has spent £10million investigating British troops over incidents during the Afghan war.
But no prosecutions have been brought as a result of the operation, codenamed Northmoor.
Figures reveal the taxpayers' money was spent probing more than 650 allegations of war crimes committed on the battlefield a decade ago. Meanwhile, some £2,600 was paid to law firms, according to a Freedom of Information request.
A special police unit set up by ministers has spent £10million investigating British troops over incidents during the Afghan war (file photo)
The Ministry of Defence said Operation Northmoor had discontinued more than 90 per cent of cases. It is understood that fewer than ten are still under investigation.
The Government has come under fire recently over claims that allegations against troops were not investigated thoroughly enough. But a senior Whitehall source said there was simply not enough evidence.
Operation Northmoor was established in 2014 as an independent Royal Military Policy investigation into UK detention operations in Afghanistan between 2005 and 2013.
Allegations included those from Taliban bombmaker Serdar Mohammed who claimed his arrest and detention for 106 days was illegal.
In 2017 then-defence secretary Michael Fallon said Northmoor would be wound down, but it is still going on despite promises to end the witch-hunt of British troops.
In 2017 then-defence secretary Michael Fallon said Northmoor would be wound down
Dozens of soldiers are also still being investigated over their actions in Iraq.
Brian Wood, who was awarded the Military Cross but was wrongly hounded over an incident in Iraq, said: 'Huge amounts of money is being spent on speculation. There is no credible evidence.'
Boris Johnson has told ministers to find a way to shield troops from relentless investigations, and has pledged to change the Human Rights Act to protect veterans who served in Ulster during the Troubles.
Earlier this month a BBC Panorama programme claimed that killings of civilians in Afghanistan and Iraq have been covered up by the state.
The MoD said the Armed Forces had served with 'bravery and distinction' and were held to the highest standards. It added: 'Any credible claims of wrongdoing are properly and independently investigated.'
Colonel Richard Kemp, who commanded forces in Afghanistan, said: 'It is scandalous that £10million of British taxpayers' money should be spent on investigating what are patently false allegations.'
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"We have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." Romans 5:1
At Bethlehem the angels declared, "Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace, good will toward men." Jesus came to create peace between God and men. Jesus fulfilled this on the cross. After thirty-three years on earth, living in obscurity in a remote part of the Roman Empire, God brings in his kingdom of peace without fanfare.
Romans 5:1 is written in the past tense and tell us, "we have peace." We don't have to work for it, or fear losing it. Jesus achieved peace for us. Christmas reminds us that it was God's initiative to repair the relationship between God and man. It was his decision, his choice and his desire to pursue a relationship with us. It cost God his only son, yet he thought we were worth the cost, worth the pain.
As followers of Christ it is now our responsibility to extend his peace to others. When Jesus sent out his disciples, he instructed them: "When you enter a house, first say, 'Peace to this house'" (Luke 10:5). Our role is to be bringers of God's peace. It is the role of God's Spirit to bring conviction of sin and repentance. As we bring God's peace into a situation, attitudes will soften, mindsets will change. The more we enjoy the peace we have with God, the more it will be evident to others that peace is possible.
This Christmas let's celebrate the restored relationship we have with God, embracing what Christ has done and allowing the peace that he brings to us touch others so they may come to know the Prince of Peace.
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God is Not Against You - He Came on an All Out Rescue Mission to Save You
...in Christ God was reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them... 2 Cor 5:19
Therefore, my friends, I want you to know that through Jesus the forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you. Acts 13:38
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Effortlessly elegant: Emma Thompson,53, looks younger than her years as she promotes her Peter Rabbit book
This summer Emma Thompson showed off a figure that is the envy of women half her age as she shot scenes in a swimsuit for a new film.
And it appears that the 53-year-old actress makes just as big an impact fully-clothed.
The Love Actually star arrived at the ITV studios this morning (Thursday) looking radiant and effortlessly stylish.
Looking good: Emma Thompson looked radiant and slim as she arrived at the ITV studios this morning
Emma had donned a pair of grey trousers which she teamed with a snake print top and a leopard print cardigan over the top.
The British actress showed off a dark golden tan and wore her highlighted hair short with plenty of volume.
Emma beamed for the cameras and showed off radiant, wrinkle-free skin as she made her way into the studio.
Ready for her close up: With seemingly minimal effort Emma was camera-ready as she arrived for a stint on Loose Women
Earlier this summer the actress was seen filming scenes for upcoming film Love Punch in Cannes.
But it wasn't her on-screen work that she was promoting today - she was in fact on the show to talk about her new book a sequel to Beatrix Potter's classic Peter Rabbit.
While Emma arrived looking ready to go straight to camera she did have a quick wardrobe change before taking to the Loose Women stage.
Big wave: Emma Thompson was seen smiling and waving to cameras before heading in to the studio
Let's get Loose: Emma did a little outfit change before speaking with the Loose Women Andrea McLean, Lisa Maxwell, Carol McGiffin and Jane McDonald
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Nope. My buttons change the settings from electric to ECO to Sport while the car is standing still, ignition on, of course.Well the dealership seems to not be in any hurry on this , but they called today and told me I need to be moving to press those to engage them. I haven't tried this but will later today. Seems odd to me as I never found much info about this in the manuals
Whenever possible, I wait while my car is being serviced/diagnosed. Leaving the car ensures that it will go to the bottom of the list, will be moved to a back lot, only to be worked on when they get to it. I ALWAYS make an appointment, make it clear that I'll be waiting on the car, and ask to be kept updated as work progresses. When a dealership can't comply with this, I find another dealership/service shop.
I hope they solve your issue!:wink:


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About Me
Corey Eisenstein is a cinematographer and director based in the New York / New Jersey area. He has also worked extensively in Los Angeles and abroad, shooting award-winning documentaries and editorial projects, as well as nationally-airing advertising spots, music videos, and television shows for MTV and Comedy Central. Commercial clients include Reebok, IBM, HTC, Nestle, Salesforce, and TiVo. His work has screened at Cannes, South by Southwest, Locarno, and other prominent festivals.
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1922 $50 Gold Certificate, Fr-1200, VF-XF. The crispness and br...Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
1922 $50 Gold Certificate, Fr-1200, VF-XF. The crispness and brightness of the colors on this note is reminiscent of a higher grade. This note is about as close to XF quality as it can get without us calling it an XF. Whatever the technical grade, this appealing example should find a home in an appreciative collection. You may bid on this lot using the full color image for guidance. If you have any questions regarding this lot, please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com for further assistance. Est. 700-900
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