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On the heels of the 30th anniversary of the classic Bruce Willis action film Die Hard last year, tabletop board game company The OP has announced that John McClane will once again battle his way through Nakatomi Plaza. Die Hard: The Nakatomi Heist is a board game officially licensed by Fox Consumer Products that will drop players into a setting familiar to anyone who has seen the film: As New York cop McClane tries to reconcile with his estranged wife, he must navigate a team of cutthroat thieves set on overtaking a Los Angeles high-rise.
In January 1941, Dachau was designated a Class I camp and Buchenwald became a Class II camp; Mauthausen and Gusen in Austria were the only Class III camps in the Nazi system. The Class I designation meant that treatment of the inmates was less harsh and that prisoners had a better chance of being released. Dachau was the best of the Nazis camps, as far as the treatment of the prisoners was concerned.
In his 1983 book, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich, Ian Kershaw examined the Alltagsgeschichte (history of everyday life) in Bavaria during the Nazi period. The most common viewpoint of Bavarians was indifference towards what was happening to the Jews, he wrote. Most Bavarians were vaguely aware of the genocide, but they were vastly more concerned about the war.[472] Kershaw argued that "the road to Auschwitz was built by hate, but paved with indifference".[473] His assessment faced criticism from historians Otto Dov Kulka and Michael Kater. Kater maintained that Kershaw had downplayed the extent of popular antisemitism. Although most of the "spontaneous" antisemitic actions of Nazi Germany had been staged, Kater argued that these had involved substantial numbers of Germans, and therefore it was wrong to view the extreme antisemitism of the Nazis as coming solely from above.[474] Kulka argued that "passive complicity" would be a better term than "indifference".[475] Focusing on the views of Germans opposed to the Nazi regime, the German historian Christof Dipper, in his essay "Der Deutsche Widerstand und die Juden" (1983), argued that the majority of the anti-Nazi national-conservatives were antisemitic. No one in the German resistance supported the Holocaust, but Dipper wrote that the national conservatives did not intend to restore civil rights to the Jews after the planned overthrow of Hitler.[474]
Before reaching the concentration camp, the 45th Thunderbird Division had discovered an abandoned train, with no engine, on a branch railroad line which at that time ran from the Dachau station along Freisinger Street in the direction of the camp. Inside the 39 train cars were the corpses of prisoners who had been evacuated from Buchenwald on April 7, 1945 and, because of heavy bombing and strafing by Allied planes in the last days of the war, had not reached Dachau until three weeks later, two days before the American soldiers arrived.
In most ghettos, Nazis ordered the Jews to establish a Judenrat (Jewish council) to administer Nazi demands and to regulate the internal life of the ghetto. The Nazis routinely ordered deportations from the ghettos. In some of the large ghettos, 1,000 people per day were sent by rail to concentration and extermination camps. To get them to cooperate, the Nazis told the Jews they were being transported elsewhere for labor.
The Polish government-in-exile in London learned about the extermination camps from the Polish leadership in Warsaw, who from 1940 "received a continual flow of information about Auschwitz", according to historian Michael Fleming.[333] This was in large measure thanks to Captain Witold Pilecki of the Polish Home Army, who allowed himself to be arrested in Warsaw and spent 945 days in Auschwitz from September 1940 until April 1943, organizing the resistance movement inside the camp.[334]
The death marches served a dual purpose for the Nazis. On one hand, the Nazis intended for large numbers of Jewish prisoners to die on death marches. Indeed, about 250,000 prisoners, many of whom were Jews, died on death marches. On the other hand, the death marches were also an attempt to move concentration camp prisoners into Germany's borders, so that the Nazis could continue to exploit them for slave labor. Those who survived the death marches were imprisoned in concentration camps in Germany, such as Bergen Belsen, Ravensbrueck and Mauthausen.
In 1993, Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List brought to the screen a story that had gone untold since the tragic events of the Holocaust. Oskar Schindler, a Nazi party member, used his pull within the party to save the lives of more than 1000 Jewish individuals by recruiting them to work in his Polish factory. Here are some facts about Spielberg's groundbreaking film on its 25th anniversary.
Auschwitz, perhaps the most notorious and lethal of the concentration camps, was actually three camps in one: a prison camp (Auschwitz I), an extermination camp (Auschwitz II–Birkenau), and a slave labour camp (Auschwitz III–Buna-Monowitz). Upon arrival, Jewish prisoners faced what was called a Selektion. A German doctor presided over the selection of pregnant women, young children, the elderly, handicapped, sick, and infirm for immediate death in the gas chambers. As necessary, the Germans selected able-bodied prisoners for forced labour in the factories adjacent to Auschwitz, where one German company, IG Farben, invested 700 million Reichsmarks in 1942 alone to take advantage of forced labour, a capital investment. The conglomerate presumed that slave labour would be a permanent part of the German economy. Deprived of adequate food, shelter, clothing, and medical care, these prisoners were literally worked to death. Periodically, they would face another Selektion. The Nazis would transfer those unable to work to the gas chambers of Birkenau.
Oskar Schindler was born into a German Catholic family on April 28, 1908. After attending trade schools, he worked for his father's farm machinery company. He worked for German intelligence and later joined the Nazi Party. An opportunist businessman with a taste for the finer things in life, he seemed an unlikely candidate to become a wartime hero. During the war, however, he operated a factory that employed more than 1,000 Polish Jews, saving them from concentration camps and extermination. In 1993 his story was made into the Steven Spielberg feature film Schindler's List.
The authorship of the following article must remain anonymous, for obvious reasons. The New Republic vouches for its authenticity, and for the fact that the conditions described are continuing to the present day. Indeed, reliable reports from Germany indicate that mistreatment of prisoners in concentration camps has become much worse since the alleged attempt at revolt at the end of June.—The Editors, 1934
Upon liberating Bergen Belsen, British soldiers discovered the true nature of the Nazi Third Reich. Bergen Belsen had reached its lowest point about three weeks before liberation. Typhus was raging and about 1000 inmates died every day from this epidemic. There was no running water and rations were down to half a pint of soup a day and bread only three times a week. Although the British soldiers had heard about Nazi atrocities, nothing prepared them for what they saw. Richard Dimbleby of the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), who visited Bergen Belsen a few days after liberation, broke down several times when he tried to record his first impressions of the camp. On April 19, 1945, the BBC broadcasted his report and a stunned world learned what the inmates of Bergen Belsen had gone through, and what the British soldiers had witnessed a few days before. It took the British soldiers some time to realize that the former prisoners at Bergen Belsen needed easily digested food such as rice, biscuits and fresh milk. Thousands of prisoners died after liberation because they could not get to the food that the British provided, or because they ate too much, or because they could not digest the food that was available.
Because they refused to pledge allegiance to the Nazi party or serve in the military, Jehovah's Witnesses were sent to concentration camps, where they were identified by purple triangles and given the option of renouncing their faith and submitting to the state's authority.[447] The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum estimates that between 2,700 and 3,300 were sent to the camps, where 1,400 died;[411] in The Holocaust Encyclopedia (2001), Sybil Milton estimates that 10,000 were sent and 2,500 died.[412] According to German historian Detlef Garbe, "no other religious movement resisted the pressure to conform to National Socialism with comparable unanimity and steadfastness."[448]
Anne Frank poses in 1941 in this photo made available by Anne Frank House in Amsterdam, Netherlands. In August of 1944, Anne, her family and others who were hiding from the occupying German Security forces, were all captured and shipped off to a series of prisons and concentration camps. Anne died from typhus at age 15 in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, but her posthumously published diary has made her a symbol of all Jews killed in World War II. #
^ Jump up to: a b Eberhard Jäckel (Die Zeit, 1986): "Ich behaupte ... daß der nationalsozialistische Mord an den Juden deswegen einzigartig war, weil noch nie zuvor ein Staat mit der Autorität seines verantwortlichen Führers beschlossen und angekündigt hatte, eine bestimmte Menschengruppe einschließlich der Alten, der Frauen, der Kinder und der Säuglinge möglichst restlos zu töten, und diesen Beschluß mit allen nur möglichen staatlichen Machtmitteln in die Tat umsetzte." ("I maintain ... that the National Socialist killing of the Jews was unique in that never before had a state with the authority of its leader decided and announced that a specific group of humans, including the elderly, the women, the children and the infants, would be killed as quickly as possible, and then carried out this resolution using every possible means of state power.")[35]
Dachau has a well-developed road infrastructure for regional transportation. The city is connected to Bundesautobahn 8 (via Fürstenfeldbruck) with Munich-Pasing southbound, and westbound terminating in Karlsruhe. Dachau is connected to Bundesautobahn 92 via Oberschleißheim connector which is located east of Dachau. Bundesautobahn 99 is connected with Dachau via Karlsfeld which is located south of Dachau. Bundesstraße No. 471 (via Rothschwaige) connects eastbound towns such as the neighboring city Fürstenfeldbruck and westbound towns such as Oberschleißheim. Bundesstraße No. 304 starts in the south of the city and connects southbound towns until the German-Austrian border. Additionally, several Staatsstraßen connect Dachau with surrounding towns and villages.
At the present time the camp harbors about 1,700 prisoners, the majority of whom are either Communists or members of organizations known as sympathetic, such as workers' athletic and relief organizations. Some hundred prisoners are Social Democrats, Socialist Workers' party members, students, lawyers and doctors, who were either active politically or known as pacifists. There are about forty Jews, mostly manual workers or clerks. A few of them were business men from small villages in northern Bavaria who had been arrested from motives of personal rancor or envy. None of the prisoners could be convicted of any violation of law, but they are nevertheless detained for an indefinite period.
The logistics of the mass murder turned Germany into what Michael Berenbaum called a "genocidal state".[34] Eberhard Jäckel wrote in 1986 that it was the first time a state had thrown its power behind the idea that an entire people should be wiped out.[h] Anyone with three or four Jewish grandparents was to be exterminated,[36] and complex rules were devised to deal with Mischlinge ("mixed breeds": half and quarter Jews).[37] Bureaucrats identified who was a Jew, confiscated property, and scheduled trains to deport them. Companies fired Jews and later used them as slave labor. Universities dismissed Jewish faculty and students. German pharmaceutical companies tested drugs on camp prisoners; other companies built the crematoria.[34] As prisoners entered the death camps, they were ordered to surrender all personal property, which was catalogued and tagged before being sent to Germany for reuse or recycling.[38] Through a concealed account, the German National Bank helped launder valuables stolen from the victims.[39]
The 40-year-old Eicke was a veteran of World War I who had earned the Iron Cross 2nd Class. After the war he became involved in police work but had lost various jobs because of his strong opposition to Germany's democratic republic. He joined the Nazi Party in December 1928 and was then taken into the SS. Himmler appointed him as a full SS colonel in November 1931. Four months later, he fled to Italy on Himmler's orders after being sentenced to jail for participating in Nazi political bombings. Himmler brought him back to Germany in February 1933. But more trouble occurred after Eicke clashed with a local Gauleiter who had him hauled off to a psychiatric clinic as a "dangerous lunatic." Himmler had him released from the psychiatric lock-up on June 26, then immediately handed him the task of running Dachau.
An emaciated 18-year-old Russian girl looks into the camera lens during the liberation of Dachau concentration camp in 1945. Dachau was the first German concentration camp, opened in 1933. More than 200,000 people were detained between 1933 and 1945, and 31,591 deaths were declared, most from disease, malnutrition and suicide. Unlike Auschwitz, Dachau was not explicitly an extermination camp, but conditions were so horrific that hundreds died every week. #
Dachau was mainly a camp for Communist political prisoners and anti-Fascist resistance fighters who were captured in the Nazi-occupied countries. On the day of the liberation of Dachau, the political prisoners were in control, as Commandant Wilhelm Eduard Weiter had left the camp on April 26, 1945, along with a transport of prisoners who were being evacuated to Schloss Itter, a subcamp of Dachau in Austria. Former Commandant Martin Gottfried Weiss was in charge of the camp for two days until he fled, along with most of the regular guards, on the night of April 28, 1945.
The authorship of the following article must remain anonymous, for obvious reasons. The New Republic vouches for its authenticity, and for the fact that the conditions described are continuing to the present day. Indeed, reliable reports from Germany indicate that mistreatment of prisoners in concentration camps has become much worse since the alleged attempt at revolt at the end of June.—The Editors, 1934
Jewish deportees in the Drancy transit camp near Paris, France, in 1942, on their last stop before the German concentration camps. Some 13,152 Jews (including 4,115 children) were rounded up by French police forces, taken from their homes to the "Vel d'Hiv", or winter cycling stadium in southwestern Paris, in July of 1942. They were later taken to a rail terminal at Drancy, northeast of the French capital, and then deported to the east. Only a handful ever returned. #
That February 28 decree had been used by the 50,000 brown-shirted SA storm troopers and black-coated SS men sworn in as auxiliary police to justify mass arrests of political opponents during Hitler's seizure of power. There were so many people in custody in the spring of 1933 that Germany's conventional prisons were quickly swamped. As a result, 'wild' prison camps sprang up like mushrooms.
^ The caption for the photograph in the U.S. National Archives reads, "SC208765, Soldiers of the 42nd Infantry Division, U.S. Seventh Army, order SS men to come forward when one of their number tried to escape from the Dachau, Germany, concentration camp after it was captured by U.S. forces. Men on the ground in background feign death by falling as the guards fired a volley at the fleeing SS men. (157th Regt. 4/29/45)."
At this point, we must remember that some survivors were unable to return to "normal" life after the trauma of the Holocaust. Among this group were survivors who committed suicide, survivors who experienced severe psychological scarring, survivors who were unable to marry or have children, and others who suffered from a host of problems after the Holocaust. What is remarkable is that these were the minority, and that most Holocaust survivors were able to bring a certain degree of order to their chaotic world.
Few visitors to the camp bother to visit the town of Dachau which has grown from 13,000 residents in 1945 to 50,000 residents. Dachau is now multicultural and has a diverse population which includes many people who are not ethnic German. Older residents of Dachau are quick to point out that the majority of the people in the town did not vote for Hitler when he ran for President of Germany in 1932.
Under such terrible conditions, Kramer did everything in his power to reduce suffering and prevent death among the inmates, even appealing to the hard-pressed German army. "I don't know what else to do," he told high-ranking army officers. "I have reached the limit. Masses of people are dying. The drinking water supply has broken down. A trainload of food was destroyed by low-flying [Allied] war planes. Something must be done immediately." /16
In early April 2009, a carbon copy of one version of the list was discovered at the State Library of New South Wales by workers combing through boxes of materials collected by author Thomas Keneally. The 13-page document, yellow and fragile, was filed among research notes and original newspaper clippings. The document was given to Keneally in 1980 by Pfefferberg when he was persuading him to write Schindler's story. This version of the list contains 801 names and is dated 18 April 1945; Pfefferberg is listed as worker number 173. Several authentic versions of the list exist, because the names were re-typed several times as conditions changed in the hectic days at the end of the war.[103]
Most of the survivors in the DP camp at Bergen Belsen were young people. They found themselves entirely alone, having lost their parents, spouses, children and siblings during the Holocaust. They commonly chose to establish a feeling of normality and fight despair by marrying in the DP camp. During the first year after liberation, in the Bergen Belden DP camp, there were often six weddings a day, and up to fifty weddings a week. During 1946, there were 1,070 weddings at Bergen Belsen.
An Inspector General report resulting from a US Army investigation conducted between 3 and 8 May 1945 and titled, "American Army Investigation of Alleged Mistreatment of German Guards at Dachau," found that 21 plus "a number" of presumed SS men were killed with others being wounded after their surrender had been accepted.[94][95] In addition, 25 to 50 SS guards were estimated to have been killed by the liberated prisoners.[96] Lee Miller visited the camp just after liberation, and photographed several guards who were killed by soldiers or prisoners.[97]
British servicemen Denis Norden and Eric Sykes, who later became popular comedians, stumbled upon the camp in 1945 shortly after liberation; "Appalled, aghast, repelled - it is difficult to find words to express how we felt as we looked upon the degradation of some of the inmates not yet repatriated," Sykes later wrote. "They squatted in their thin, striped uniforms, unmoving bony structures who could have been anywhere between 30 and 60 years old, staring ahead with dead, hopeless eyes and incapable of feeling any relief at their deliverance."[44]
A German mother shields the eyes of her son as they walk with other civilians past a row of exhumed bodies outside Suttrop, Germany. The bodies were those of 57 Russians killed by German SS troops and dumped in a mass grave before the arrival of troops from the U.S. Ninth Army. Soldiers of the 95th Infantry division were led by informers to the massive grave on May 3, 1945. Before burial, all German civilians in the vicinity were ordered to view the victims. #
Schindler grew up in Svitavy, Moravia, and worked in several trades until he joined the Abwehr, the military intelligence service of Nazi Germany, in 1936. He joined the Nazi Party in 1939. Prior to the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938, he collected information on railways and troop movements for the German government. He was arrested for espionage by the Czechoslovak government but was released under the terms of the Munich Agreement in 1938. Schindler continued to collect information for the Nazis, working in Poland in 1939 before the invasion of Poland at the start of World War II. In 1939, Schindler acquired an enamelware factory in Kraków, Poland, which employed at the factory's peak in 1944 about 1,750 workers, of whom 1,000 were Jews. His Abwehr connections helped Schindler protect his Jewish workers from deportation and death in the Nazi concentration camps. As time went on, Schindler had to give Nazi officials ever larger bribes and gifts of luxury items obtainable only on the black market to keep his workers safe.
The first known documentation of Dachau occurs in a medieval deed issued by the Noble Erchana of Dahauua to the prince-bishop of Freising[3], both descendants of the lineage of the Aribonids. With this deed, dated to August 15, 805 A.D. (the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), she donated her entire property in Dachau, including five so-called Colonenhöfe and some serfs and bondsman, to devolve to the Bishop of the Diocese of Freising after her death.
Not long after acquiring his "Emalia" factory - which produced enamel goods and munitions to supply the German front - the removal of Jews to death camps began in earnest. Schindler's Jewish accountant put him in touch with the few Jews with any remaining wealth. They invested in his factory, and in return they would be able to work there and perhaps be spared. He was persuaded to hire more Jewish workers, designating their skills as "essential," paying off the Nazis so they would allow them to stay in Kraków. Schindler was making money, but everyone in his factory was fed, no-one was beaten, no-one was killed. It became an oasis of humanity in a desert of moral torpor.
Mass grave at Belsen camp, shortly after its liberation by British troops. Photographs such as this are widely reproduced as proof of a German policy of extermination. Contrary to Allied propaganda claims of the time, and Holocaust allegations in recent decades, though, these unfortunate prisoners were victims of typhus and starvation that were indirect consequences of the war – not of any deliberate policy. At least 14,000 Jews died in the camp following the British takeover.
Immediately after the war, Erich Preuss, a former Dachau prisoner, set up an exhibit in the crematory building, located just outside the barbed wire enclosure of the concentration camp. American soldiers stationed in Germany were brought to Dachau to see the gas chamber, which they were told had been used to murder innocent inmates of the concentration camp. Mannequins were used in a display that was set up to illustrate how the Dachau prisoners were punished on the whipping block. During this time, the former concentration camp itself was off limits to visitors because it was filled with accused German war criminals awaiting the proceedings of the American Military Tribunals at Dachau, and later by homeless German refugees.
Immediately after liberation, West European Jews who survived the Holocaust generally returned to their countries of origin. Holocaust survivors who tried to return to their homes in Eastern Europe faced many more difficulties. The Nazi destruction in the East had been all-encompassing. Many survivors, particularly in Eastern Europe, continued to encounter antisemitism when they returned to their communities. In some places survivors who had returned home met with violent hostility. In Kielce, 42 Jews who had survived the Holocaust were killed by local Poles in a pogrom on July 4, 1946.
Soviet civilian populations in the occupied areas were heavily persecuted.[438] Villages throughout the Soviet Union were destroyed by German troops.[439] Germans rounded up civilians for forced labor in Germany and caused famine by taking foodstuffs.[440] In Belarus, Germany imposed a regime that deported some 380,000 people for slave labor and killed hundreds of thousands of civilians. Over 600 villages had their entire populations killed, and at least 5,295 Belarusian settlements were destroyed by the Germans. According to Timothy Snyder, of "the nine million people who were in the territory of Soviet Belarus in 1941, some 1.6 million were killed by the Germans in actions away from battlefields, including about 700,000 prisoners of war, 500,000 Jews, and 320,000 people counted as partisans (the vast majority of whom were unarmed civilians)".[441] The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has estimated that 3.3 million of 5.7 million Soviet POWs died in German custody.[442] The death rates decreased as the POWs were needed to help the German war effort; by 1943, half a million had been deployed as slave labor.[409]
More camps opened in the spring and summer of 1942, when the Nazis began systematically clearing the ghettos in Poland and rounding up Jews in western Europe for 'deportation to the East'. The killing of the Polish Jews, code-named 'Project Reinhardt', was carried out in three camps: Treblinka, near Warsaw (850,000 victims); Belzec, in south-eastern Poland (650,000 victims); and Sobibor, in east-central Poland (250,000 victims). Some Jews from western Europe were sometimes taken to these camps as well, but most were killed at the biggest and most advanced of the death camps, Auschwitz.
Initially, Schindler was mostly interested in the money-making potential of the business and hired Jews because they were cheaper than Poles—the wages were set by the occupying Nazi regime.[38] Later he began shielding his workers without regard for cost.[39] The status of his factory as a business essential to the war effort became a decisive factor enabling him to help his Jewish workers. Whenever Schindlerjuden (Schindler Jews) were threatened with deportation, he claimed exemptions for them. He claimed wives, children, and even people with disabilities were necessary mechanics and metalworkers.[39] On one occasion, the Gestapo came to Schindler demanding that he hand over a family that possessed forged identity papers. "Three hours after they walked in," Schindler said, "two drunk Gestapo men reeled out of my office without their prisoners and without the incriminating documents they had demanded."[40]
Thirty-three years after dropping out of college, Spielberg finally received a BA in Film and Video Production from his newly minted alma mater, Cal State Long Beach, in 2002. The director re-enrolled in secret, and gained his remaining credits by writing essays and submitting projects under a pseudonym. In order to pass a film course, he submitted Schindler's List as his student project. Spielberg describes the time gap between leaving school and earning his degree as his "longest post-production schedule."
His tasks for the Abwehr included collecting information on railways, military installations, and troop movements, as well as recruiting other spies within Czechoslovakia, in advance of a planned invasion of the country by Nazi Germany.[9] He was arrested by the Czech government for espionage on 18 July 1938 and immediately imprisoned, but was released as a political prisoner under the terms of the Munich Agreement, the instrument under which the Czech Sudetenland was annexed into Germany on 1 October.[10][11] Schindler applied for membership in the Nazi Party on 1 November and was accepted the following year.[12]
The industrialization and scale of the murder was unprecedented. Killings were systematically conducted in virtually all areas of occupied Europe—more than 20 occupied countries.[40] Close to three million Jews in occupied Poland and between 700,000 and 2.5 million Jews in the Soviet Union were killed. Hundreds of thousands more died in the rest of Europe.[41] Victims were transported in sealed freight trains from all over Europe to extermination camps equipped with gas chambers.[42] The stationary facilities grew out of Nazi experiments with poison gas during the Aktion T4 mass murder ("euthanasia") programme against the disabled and mentally ill, which began in 1939.[43] The Germans set up six extermination camps in Poland: Auschwitz II-Birkenau (established October 1941); Majdanek (October 1941); Chełmno (December 1941); and the three Operation Reinhard camps, Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka, in 1942.[44] A seventh death camp, Maly Trostenets, was established near Minsk in Belarus, then part of the Reichskommissariat Ostland.[45] Discussions at the Wannsee Conference in January 1942 made it clear that the German "final solution of the Jewish question" was intended eventually to include Britain and all the neutral states in Europe, including Ireland, Switzerland, Turkey, Sweden, Portugal, and Spain.[46]
Evacuation of the camp began on April 21. After being deloused, inmates were transferred to Camp No. 2, which had been converted into a temporary hospital and rehabilitation camp. As each of the barracks was cleared, they were burned down to combat the spread of typhus. On May 19, evacuation was completed and two days later the ceremonial burning of the last barracks brought to an end the first stage of the relief operations. In July, 6,000 former inmates were taken by the Red Cross to Sweden for convalescence, while the rest remained in the newly-established displaced person (DP) camp to await repatriation or emigration.
^ Jump up to: a b Zamecnick, Stanislas (2013). C'était ça, Dachau: 1933–1945 [This was Dachau: 1933–1945] (in French). Paris, France: Cherche midi. ISBN 9782749132969., page 71: 2,903 deaths from typhus in January 1945, 3,991 in February, 3,534 in March, 2,168 in April before the liberation. 14,511 registered typhus deaths since it began to spread in October 1944.
Schindler's profits were extraordinarily high because he used low-paid Jewish workers from the ghetto the Nazis established in the city. During the war, many industrialists like Schindler used the forced labor of Jews living in Nazi ghettos or concentration camps. Major German companies, including Volkswagen, Bayer, and IG Farben, the largest chemical company in the world at the time, profited handsomely from coerced labor. This labor often occurred in the worst conditions possible, and many workers died as a result of being subjected to excessively long, arduous work shifts without adequate food.
On November 12, 1938, Field Marshal Hermann Göring convened a meeting of Nazi officials to discuss the damage to the German economy from pogroms. The Jewish community was fined one billion Reichsmarks. Moreover, Jews were made responsible for cleaning up the damage. German Jews, but not foreign Jews, were barred from collecting insurance. In addition, Jews were soon denied entry to theatres, forced to travel in separate compartments on trains, and excluded from German schools. These new restrictions were added to earlier prohibitions, such as those barring Jews from earning university degrees, from owning businesses, or from practicing law or medicine in the service of non-Jews. The Nazis would continue to confiscate Jewish property in a program called "Aryanization." Göring concluded the November meeting with a note of irony: "I would not like to be a Jew in Germany!"
Albert Goering loathed all of Nazism's inhumanity and at the risk of his career, fortune and life, used his name and connections to save hundreds of Jews and and political dissidents during the Second World War. After the war Albert Goering - savior of victims of the tyranny his brother helped create - was imprisoned for several years for his name alone. But his story is almost unknown: he was shoved into obscurity by the enormity of his brother's crimes.
Mr. Le Drieullenac is a dark-haired, youngish man, limping on a heavy stick. He was wearing a dark-grey suit and looked like a typical British civilian in the purely military atmosphere of a court martial. He told the court that with most of his family he was arrested at St. Helier on the day before D-Day. For 18 months he had concealed a Russian officer prisoner and in addition had a hidden radio. He was first sent to Wilhelmshaven, where he was made a welder in the naval arsenal, and then went to Belsen with the rest of his arbeitskommando. From the evidence in this trial and from other sources it appears that as the Allied armies advanced into Germany the Germans shipped off all the foreign workers to the nearest concentration camp.
When Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, it gained control of about 2 million Jews in the occupied territory. The rest of Poland was occupied by the Soviet Union, which had control of the rest of Poland's pre-war population of 3.3–3.5 million Jews.[141] German plans for Poland included expelling gentile Poles from large areas, confining Jews, and settling Germans on the emptied lands.[142] The Germans initiated a policy of sending Jews from all territories they had recently annexed (Austria, Czechoslovakia, and western Poland) to the central section of Poland, which they called the General Government. There, the Jews were concentrated in ghettos in major cities,[143] chosen for their railway lines to facilitate later deportation.[144] Food supplies were restricted, public hygiene was difficult, and the inhabitants were often subjected to forced labor.[145] In the work camps and ghettos, at least half a million Jews died of starvation, disease, and poor living conditions.[146] Jeremy Black writes that the ghettos were not intended, in 1939, as a step towards the extermination of the Jews. Instead, they were viewed as part of a policy of creating a territorial reservation to contain them.[147][l]
Instead, Marcel Goldberg, a Jewish "clerk" assigned to the new Plaszow commandant Arnold Buscher, played the largest role in compiling the transport list. It is generally agreed that Buscher, an SS officer, "could not have cared, within certain numerical limits, who went on the list," according to Thomas Keneally. It's also agreed that Goldberg engaged in a certain amount of corruption in who he added to the list and, moreover, that there was not even one "list" but rather different lists that emerged over a series of months.
The food consists of three pounds of bread for each prisoner (this has to be eked out over a period of three days), a bowl of coffee in the morning and evening, and at lunch time a mess that is 75 percent potatoes and the balance meat or vegetables. The food is barely enough to keep idle men fit; certainly it is not sufficiently sustaining for the hard labor required. Additional food can be purchased by those prisoners who still have money, but there are very few of these. The night rest of the inmates is often disturbed by gangs of intoxicated guards rushing through the rooms with guns in their hands, tearing prisoners out of their beds and beating them up. In many cases, under this terrible strain, the hair of prisoners has turned white.
Never one to miss a chance to make money, he marched into Poland on the heels of the SS. He dived headfirst into the black-market and the underworld and soon made friends with the local Gestapo bigwigs, softening them up with women, money and illicit booze. His newfound connections helped him acquire a factory which he ran with the cheapest labor around: Jewish.
Shortly after Hitler came to power, the Reichstag building, seat of the German parliament, burnt down. Communists were blamed for setting the fire and Hindenburg declared a state of emergency, passing the Reichstag Fire Decree that suspended basic rights like trial by jury. The German Communist Party was suspended and over 4,000 members were detained without trial. The next month, Hitler's cabinet passed the Enabling Act which allowed him to enact laws without the consent of the parliament for four years, effectively transforming the German government into a de facto Nazi dictatorship.
In the fall of 1939, at the start of World War II, Dachau's prisoners were relocated to Buchenwald and the concentration camps at Mauthausen and Flossenbuerg. For the time being, Dachau was used as a training site for members of the newly established "Waffen-SS," an elite SS combat unit whose troops also helped run concentration camps. By early 1940, Dachau had been reconverted into a concentration camp. Conditions at the camp were brutal and overcrowded. The facility had been designed to house some 6,000 detainees, but the population continued to rise and by 1944 approximately 30,000 prisoners were packed into the camp.
During the last months before the liberation, the prisoners at Dachau had to live under extremely inhuman conditions, which even they would not have been able to imagine. The gigantic transports continually arriving from other Nazi camps evacuated in the face of the advancing Allied forces, brought human beings who were, for the most part, reduced to skeletons and exhausted to the point of death.
The Polish government-in-exile in London learned about the extermination camps from the Polish leadership in Warsaw, who from 1940 "received a continual flow of information about Auschwitz", according to historian Michael Fleming.[333] This was in large measure thanks to Captain Witold Pilecki of the Polish Home Army, who allowed himself to be arrested in Warsaw and spent 945 days in Auschwitz from September 1940 until April 1943, organizing the resistance movement inside the camp.[334]
These outdoor 'wild' camps were little more than improvised barbed-wire stockades where prisoners were subjected to military-style drills and random beatings. The storm troopers soon discovered that desperate family members would gather up whatever money they could find to ransom their loved ones out of the place. Thus began a lucrative practice of hauling off prisoners simply to hold them until sufficient ransom was received.
Immediately upon arriving at Dachau, the process of dehumanizing prisoners began. Men and women were stripped of all possessions including their clothes which were replaced with striped uniforms. Their hair was shaved and they were given an identification number with a colored triangle to show their category.13 Dachau was a labor camp, most of the many sub-camps of Dachau were built with slave labor. The Nazis exploited the cheap labor by hiring out prisoners to private firms. Prisoners never received their wages, as the private firms paid the Nazis directly for the labor. The work was often heavy labor and the weakened and malnourished prisoners were given little food and lived in unsanitary conditions.
By the spring of 1942, the Nazis had established six killing centers (death camps) in Poland: Chelmno (Kulmhof), Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Maidanek and Auschwitz. All were located near railway lines so that Jews could be easily transported daily. A vast system of camps (called Lagersystem) supported the death camps. The purpose of these camps varied: some were slave labor camps, some transit camps, others concentration camps and their subcamps, and still others the notorious death camps. Some camps combined all of these functions or a few of them. All the camps were intolerably brutal.
In February 1942, the Nazis began systematically rounding up all the Jews in Germany and the Nazi-occupied countries, and transporting them to what is now Poland or the area that is now Belarus, in a program of extermination, which had been planned at the Wannsee conference on January 20, 1942. The title of the conference was "The Final Solution to the Jewish Question."
The name Dachau became a household word for Americans following World War II. This was because it was the only major Nazi concentration camp in the American occupation zone in western Germany. Bergen-Belsen was in the British zone of occupation and Natzweiler was in the French zone. Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen were in the Soviet zone of occupation in eastern Germany and Mauthausen was in the Soviet zone of Austria.
When British tanks reached the camp Mr. Le Drieullenac was having his first meal for five days – grass. In the whole ten days there he had about one pint of soup in a mug which he took from a pile of effects of the dead. There was no water to wash the mug, but he did get one drink by climbing over the dead bodies in the washroom. The grass meal was got when the Germans on the last day moved him with some comrades to better quarters, this apparently being done to make a more favourable impression on the British troops. This motive was also, it would seem, behind the efforts which the Germans forced the prisoners to make to get rid of the bodies in the course of which Mr. Le Drieullenac said, the number of dead buried ran into five figures.
Another Polish courier, Jan Karski, reached the west in November 1942, carrying messages from Jewish leaders in Poland. He had himself witnessed the conditions in the Warsaw ghetto and in what he believed to be the Belzec death camp, and was eager to inform the world. Karski saw the British foreign secretary, Anthony Eden, and US President Roosevelt, but they seemed to be more interested in military intelligence than in atrocity stories. Partly as a result of Karski's mission, however, the Allies agreed to a joint declaration, read to the British Parliament on 17 December, which acknowledged Nazi war crimes and threatened punishment for the perpetrators. Subsequently millions of leaflets were dropped in the course of bombing raids on German cities to inform Germans of the facts, but these had little or no effect.
You see, when Bergen-Belsen was liberated these people were let loose. So we were wandering. We were wandering from one place to another. And there were warehouses. We came to a building, and we walked in, and I still see rows and rows and shelves of handbags, ladies' handbags. As we were walking over there to reach those shelves, I sort of stepped on something. And I said to my friend, "Look! There's a body!" You see, somebody, one of these inmates who wandered to these warehouses and dropped dead from exhaustion or something. And she says, "What do you want me to do about it?" I said, "Let's carry it out." She said, "Are you crazy? You can't carry that out." and she took a few packages of these linens and dropped it on (the body). And then we went to the shelves, and she wanted a handbag. And I wasn't in the mood anymore for the handbag. She pulled out one handbag. It was an alligator handbag. She says, "Take this one." I took it, and she took another one, and we walked out. And I remember, as we left the place, I just threw back the bag. I said, "I don't want it." - and walked away. And this only came back. I never thought about it.
The rioting was triggered by the assassination of Ernst vom Rath, a German diplomat in Paris, by a Polish Jewish teenager, Herschel Grynszpan, on November 7th. Grynszpan did not attempt to escape and claimed that the assassination was motivated by the persecution of the Jewish people. Despite being attended to by Hitler's personal physician, vom Rath died two days later.
On March 23, 1933, the German Congress passed another important law, called the Enabling Act, which gave Hitler the power to rule by decree in case of an emergency. On that day, Germany still had a President and as Chancellor, Hitler was not yet the undisputed leader of Germany. The next day, on March 24, 1933, front page headlines in The Daily Express of London read "Judea Declares War on Germany - Jews of All the World Unite - Boycott of German Goods - Mass Demonstrations." The newspaper article mentioned that the boycott of German goods had already started.
Until 1943, Bergen-Belsen was exclusively a prisoner-of-war (POW) camp. In April 1943 the SS Economic-Administration Main Office (SS Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt; WVHA) which administered the concentration camp system, took over a portion of Bergen-Belsen and converted it first into a civilian residence camp and, later, into a concentration camp. Thus, while the German government placed the Bergen-Belsen camp complex within the concentration camp system, the WVHA initially gave it a special designation.


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Matdew Rhys
Matdew Rhys
Rhys in 2011
Matdew Rhys Evans
4 November 1974
|Brookwyn, New York, United States[1]
|Royaw Academy of Dramatic Art
|Years active
|Keri Russeww (2014–present)
Matdew Rhys Evans (born 4 November 1974;[2] /riːs/) is a Wewsh actor. He is known for pwaying Phiwip Jennings in de accwaimed tewevision series The Americans (2013–2018), for which he received two Gowden Gwobe Award nominations and a Primetime Emmy Award. He has awso pwayed Kevin Wawker in de tewevision series Broders & Sisters (2006–2011), Dywan Thomas in de fiwm The Edge of Love (2008), Daniew Ewwsberg in de fiwm The Post (2017) and starred wif Tom Hanks in A Beautifuw Day in de Neighborhood (2019).
Earwy wife[edit]
Rhys was born in Cardiff, Wawes, on 4 November 1974.[2] His first wanguage is Wewsh.[3] He grew up in Cardiff and attended Wewsh-medium schoows, Ysgow Gynradd Gymraeg Mewin Gruffydd (in Whitchurch, Cardiff) and Ysgow Gyfun Gymraeg Gwantaf (in Lwandaff Norf, Cardiff). In 1993, he was awarded de Patricia Rodermere Schowarship.[4]
At age 17, after pwaying Ewvis Preswey in a schoow musicaw, he appwied to and was accepted at de Royaw Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London, uh-hah-hah-hah.[5] His owder sister Rachew, now a BBC broadcast journawist, awso attended.
During Rhys's time at RADA, Rhys appeared in de BBC powice series Back-Up as weww as in House of America. He returned to Cardiff to act in his own wanguage in de Wewsh fiwm Bydd yn Wrow (Be Brave),[6] for which he won Best Actor at de Bafta Cymru (Wewsh BAFTAs).
In January 1998, Rhys went to New Zeawand to star in Greenstone, a cowoniaw costume drama for tewevision, uh-hah-hah-hah. He den wanded a rowe in Titus, Juwie Taymor's adaptation of Titus Andronicus, starring Andony Hopkins and Jessica Lange. Next he pwayed Ray in Peter Hewitt's fiwm comedy, Whatever Happened to Harowd Smif? After returning to Wawes, he did two consecutive fiwms wif Jonadan Pryce: The Testimony of Tawiesin Jones, a fiwm about a dysfunctionaw singwe-parent famiwy in which he pwayed de ewder son, and Sara Sugarman's comedy Very Annie Mary, in which he pwayed de rowe of Nob. Rhys wouwd water reunite wif Very Annie Mary star Rachew Griffids on Broders & Sisters.[7]
In 2000, Rhys pwayed de wead rowe in Metropowis, a drama series for Granada TV about de wives of six twenty-somedings wiving in London, uh-hah-hah-hah.[5] Next he starred in Peaches, de fiwm of de pway written and directed by Nick Grosso.[8][9] Rhys starred as Benjamin in de 2000 worwd premiere of de stage adaptation of The Graduate, awongside Kadween Turner at The Giewgud Theatre in London's West End.[10]
Rhys travewwed to Irewand to star in de 18f century swashbuckwing adventure, The Abduction Cwub.[11] He pwayed de wead rowe of Darren Daniews in Tabwoid, and den returned to New Zeawand to shoot de epic drama The Lost Worwd for de BBC. His oder fiwm credits incwude de independent horror fiwm Deadwatch in Prague and Fakers, a comic crime caper.
In 2003, he pwayed Justin Price, de murderer in de finaw episode of de wong-running tewevision series Cowumbo.[12]
He appeared opposite Brittany Murphy in de independent feature Love and Oder Disasters, in Virgin Territory opposite Hayden Christensen, Tim Rof and Mischa Barton, and pwaying poet Dywan Thomas in de wove qwadrangwe biographicaw fiwm The Edge of Love.[13]
He moved to Santa Monica after being cast in ABC's show Broders & Sisters, as wawyer Kevin Wawker. The show had a five-season run, coming to an end in 2011.[10]
In January 2012, Rhys appeared in a BBC Two two-part drama adaptation of Charwes Dickens' wast novew, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, weft unfinished at his deaf in 1870.[14] The Pubwic Broadcasting Service (PBS) aired it in de United States as one feature-wengf episode on 15 Apriw 2012.
In 2012, Rhys reprised Sir Awec Guinness' 1959 doubwe rowe of John Barratt / Jacqwes DeGué in a new adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's The Scapegoat.[15] That same year, Rhys was cast as "Jimmy" in de Roundabout Theatre Company's Off-Broadway revivaw of John Osborne's pway, Look Back in Anger, at de Laura Pews Theatre in de Harowd and Miriam Steinberg Center for Theatre. The production pwayed a wimited engagement drough 8 Apriw 2012.[16]. In 2013, Rhys starred in de tewevision adaptation of de P. D. James novew Deaf Comes to Pemberwey as Jane Austen hero Fitzwiwwiam Darcy.
He starred opposite Keri Russeww in de FX series The Americans, a 1980s Cowd War spy drama about Russian KGB sweeper agents (Rhys and Russeww, who portray married KGB agents wif two chiwdren, among oder agents and handwers). Rhys and Russeww are reaw-wife partners off-screen as weww. The sixf season airing in 2018 was de finaw season of The Americans.[17] The show debuted in January 2013.[18]
Personaw wife[edit]
Rhys was housemates for nearwy 10 years wif fewwow Wewshman and actor Ioan Gruffudd,[19] and served as best man at Gruffudd's wedding.[20] Bof are patrons of Trust PA, a UK spinaw injuries charity.[21]
On 15 Juwy 2008, Rhys was honoured by Aberystwyf University as a Fewwow.[22] On 8 August 2008, he was honoured at de Wewsh Nationaw Eisteddfod by being accepted as a member to de druidic order of de Gorsedd of de Bards,[23] for his contributions to de Wewsh wanguage and Wawes. His bardic name in de Gorsedd is Matdew Tâf. In August 2009, Rhys took to de stage wif de Nationaw Youf Orchestra of Wawes as part of de Nationaw Eisteddfod.[24]
Rhys has been in a rewationship wif his The Americans co-star Keri Russeww since 2014.[25][26] They had deir first chiwd, a son, in 2016.[27][28]
He is a supporter of Pwaid Cymru.[29][30]
- Patron, Hijinx Theatre, based at Wawes Miwwennium Centre, Cardiff Bay
- Charity Champion, The Noah's Ark Appeaw, a charity which raises funds for de devewopment of de Chiwdren's Hospitaw of Wawes.
- Patron, Iris Prize, Cardiff's Internationaw Gay and Lesbian Short Fiwm Prize.[31]
- Ambassador, Bobaf Chiwdren's Therapy Centre Wawes, a charity dat treats chiwdren who have cerebraw pawsy from aww over Wawes.
|House of America
|Whatever Happened to Harowd Smif?
|Ray Smif
|Very Annie Mary
|The Abduction Cwub
|James Strang
|Doc Fairweader
|Y Mabinogi
|Lweu Lwaw Gyffes
|Nick Edwards
|Love and Oder Disasters
|Peter Simon
|Virgin Territory
|Count Dzerzhinsky
|The Edge of Love
|Dywan Thomas
|The Think Tank
|Short fiwm
|Everyding Carries Me To You
|Short fiwm
|The Scapegoat
|John Standing / Johnny Spence
|En mai, fais ce qw'iw te pwait
|The Post
|Daniew Ewwsberg
|Mowgwi: Legend of de Jungwe
|John Lockwood
|The Report
|New York Times reporter
|A Beautifuw Day in de Neighborhood
|Lwoyd Vogew
|A History of Britain
|Unknown episodes
|The Lost Worwd
|Edward Mawone
|2 episodes
|Justin Price
|Episode: "Cowumbo Likes de Nightwife"
|Awfie Harris
|Episode #1.5
|Beau Brummeww: This Charming Man
|Lord Byron
|Tewevision fiwm
|Broders & Sisters
|Kevin Wawker
|Main rowe
|The Mystery of Edwin Drood
|John Jasper
|2 episodes
|The Americans
|Phiwip Jennings
|Main rowe
|Deaf Comes to Pemberwey
|Mr Darcy
|3 episodes
|Lwoyd Lwewewwyn (voice)
|Episode: "Achub y Morfiwod"
|The Bastard Executioner
|Gruffudd y Bwaidd
|4 episodes
|The Wine Show
|Himsewf (co-host)
|Chuck Pawmer
|Episode: "American Bitch"
|Deaf and Nightingawes
|3 episodes
|Infinity Train
|Awoysius / Awrick (voices)
|2 episodes
|Perry Mason
|Perry Mason
|Cardiff East
|Peter Giww
|Royaw Nationaw Theatre
|Grace Note
|Samuew Adamson / Dominic Dromgoowe
|The Owd Vic
|One More Wasted Year
|Christophe Pewwet / Mary Peate
|Royaw Court Theatre
|Stranger's House (Fremdes Haus)
|Dea Loher / Mary Peate
|Royaw Court Theatre
|The Graduate
|Benjamin Braddock
|Charwes Webb / Terry Johnson
|Giewgud Theatre
|The Associate
|Simon Bent
|Royaw Nationaw Theatre
|Under Miwk Wood
|Mog Edwards
|Dywan Thomas / Michaew Bogdanov
|New Theatre (Cardiff)
|King Lear
|Wiwwiam Shakespeare / Biww Awexander
|Royaw Shakespeare Company
|Wiwwiam Shakespeare / Biww Awexander
|The Young Vic
|Romeo and Juwiet
|Wiwwiam Shakespeare / Peter Giww
|Royaw Shakespeare Company
|Look Back in Anger
|John Osborne / Sam Gowd
|Roundabout Theatre Company
Oder projects, contributions[edit]
- Produced tewevision documentary, Mr Howwywood, for S4C-TV (2010),[32] about de wife of Griffif J. Griffif, Wewsh-American industriawist and phiwandropist after whom Griffif Park is named.
- Wrote Patagonia: Crossing de Pwain (2010) – a photographic account of his monf-wong journey on horseback whiwe fiwming a documentary on Patagonia, and de Wewsh settwers who made it deir home having journeyed from Wawes in de wate 19f century.
- Set up his own production company, Patagonia (2011), which has two projects in devewopment. One of dem invowves de adaptation of a book cawwed Operation Juwie, written by Lyn Ebenezer,[33] about de biggest LSD drugs bust (in Wawes's history); Rhys bought de fiwm rights in December 2010.[34][35][36]
Awards and nominations[edit]
- ^ Sebastian, Michaew (31 May 2018). "The moment everyding changed for Matdew Rhys". esqwire.com. Hearst Communications, Inc. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- ^ a b "Matdew Rhys". AwwMovie. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- ^ "Being Dywan | Matdew Rhys". Visit Wawes. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
- ^ Greenstreet, Rosanna (13 October 2001). "Q & A Matdew Rhys". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
- ^ a b Kewwaway, Kate (30 Apriw 2000). "The new prince of Wawes". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "Bydd yn Wrow". sky.com. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
- ^ mikejoe21 (7 October 2007). "Matdew Rhys - ABC News Interview December 5, 2006". Retrieved 22 May 2017 – via YouTube.
- ^ Bradshaw, Peter (12 October 2001). "Peaches". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "PEACHES (2000)". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved 24 Apriw 2017.
- ^ a b Giwbert, Gerard (8 September 2012). "Matdew Rhys:'We'd troww off to LA and try to nick jobs off de Americans". The Independent. UK. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ Ewwey, Derek (18 Juwy 2002). "The Abduction Cwub". Variety. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ Erickson, Haw (30 January 2003). "Cowumbo: Cowumbo Likes de Nightwife (2003)". New York Times. Retrieved 13 Apriw 2014.
- ^ French, Phiwip (22 June 2008). "Review: The Edge of Love". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "BBC - Press Office - Cast announced for The Mystery Of Edwin Drood on BBC Two". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ Iswand Pictures
- ^ Isherwood, Charwes (2 February 2012). "The wounded and wounding in '50s Britain". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ Ausiewwo, Michaew (16 March 2012). "Broders & Sisters awumn Matdew Rhys cast opposite Keri Russeww in FX's The Americans". TVLine.com. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ Ausiewwo, Michaew (31 January 2013). "Ratings: The Americans spies strong debut". TVLine.com. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "MyBrent.co.uk". Archived from de originaw on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ "WawesOnwine: News, sport, weader and events from across Wawes". icwawes.icnetwork.co.uk. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ "Wewsh actors hewp spinaw charity". BBC News. 26 October 2002. Retrieved 1 Apriw 2014.
- ^ "Graduation 2008 - Aberystwyf University". www.aber.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ "BBC NEWS - UK - Wawes - Howwywood star Rhys joins druids". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ "Performing wif Nationaw Youf Orchestra". Archived from de originaw on 26 Apriw 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ Tewwing, Giwwian (26 December 2013). "Keri Russeww and Matdew Rhys: Are They Dating?". Peopwe. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ Ortved, John (30 Apriw 2015). "Owiver Jeffers's Art of Bearing Witness". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ "Keri Russeww Gives Birf, Wewcomes First Chiwd Wif 'Americans' Costar Matdew Rhys!". usmagazine.com. 30 May 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
- ^ "Keri Russeww Reveaws Name and Sex of Her First Chiwd wif Matdew Rhys – and Says de Baby Is Doing 'So Good'". Peopwe. 1 Juwy 2016. Retrieved 23 Juwy 2016.
- ^ "Matdew Rhys yn ymuno â Phwaid Cymru". Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ "Leanne Wood". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ "Iris Prize patrons". Archived from de originaw on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ "Ffeidiow S4C". www.s4c.co.uk. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ Lyn Ebenezer – Cymru
- ^ Ebenezer, Lyn (22 February 2007). "The mydowogy of Operation Juwie". BBC.co.uk. Archived from de originaw on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ "BBC - Matdew Rhys buys Operation Juwie fiwm rights". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ Kewwy, Jon (12 Juwy 2011). "Operation Juwie: How an LSD raid began de war on drugs". Retrieved 22 May 2017 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "2018 Awards Nominees". Internationaw Press Academy. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
Externaw winks[edit]
- 1974 birds
- 20f-century Wewsh mawe actors
- 21st-century Wewsh mawe actors
- Awumni of de Royaw Academy of Dramatic Art
- Bards of de Gorsedd
- Living peopwe
- Peopwe educated at Ysgow Gyfun Gymraeg Gwantaf
- Mawe actors from Cardiff
- Wewsh mawe Shakespearean actors
- Wewsh mawe stage actors
- Wewsh mawe fiwm actors
- Wewsh mawe tewevision actors
- Wewsh mawe voice actors
- Wewsh-speaking actors
- Wewsh expatriates in de United States
- Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners

subset: commoncrawl


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Adam Schiff wiki, bio, age, wife, net worth, contact, family
Adam Schiff's family home was in Massachusetts, where he grew up. Nonetheless, he moved to California when he was more established, and earned a degree in political theory from Stanford University.
He at that point proceeded to go to Harvard Law School. At the point when he finished his training, he started working at the Los Angeles part of the U.S. Lawyer's office as an investigator.
While this was still from the get-go in his profession, he increased some acknowledgment for his arraignment against previous FBI operator, Richard Miller who was sentenced for passing mystery reports to the Soviet Union.
In 1996, he was chosen for the California State Senate and is right now serving his ninth term in Congress. He has an effective profession in legislative issues, and still can't seem to resign.
Adam Schiff's total assets were evaluated to be roughly $1.74 million out of 2014, and he's supposed to have about $100,000 in Apple stock.
While seeking a productive vocation in legislative issues, Adam Schiff, age 57, has additionally figured out how to encourage his family life also.
He's hitched to Eve Schiff, and the couple has two kids; Adam Schiff's children are named Alexa and Elijah. With attention to physical wellness, he additionally tries to take part in various physical exercises, including marathons and long-distance races.
In 2014, Schiff participated in the AIDS/Lifecycle, a seven-day philanthropy bicycle ride from San Francisco to Los Angeles.
Adam Schiff versus Donald Trump
Adam Schiff is by all accounts a pretty ordinary, effective government official—so why has he been in the news so much of late?
President Trump tweeted about the Congressman on Monday, July 24, scrutinizing his honesty: "Shabby Adam Schiff, the completely one-sided Congressman investigating 'Russia,' invests the entirety of his energy in TV pushing the Dem misfortune pardon!"
Schiff shot back with his own tweet: "with deference Mr. President, the issue is the manner by which frequently you stare at the TV, and that your remarks and activities are underneath the nobility of the workplace."
What provoked the unforgiving tweet from the president? On Sunday, Schiff communicated his musings on the connection among Trump and Russia: "The president is obviously stressed" about allegations that Russia laundered cash through the Trump Organization," said Schiff. "What concerns me the most is whatever could be held over the president's head that could impact U.S. arrangement," he included.
Schiff shared these musings after the president referenced in a meeting a week ago that it would be "An infringement for extraordinary insight Robert Mueller examines his or his family's accounts past searching for potential ties between Trump's crusade staff individuals and the Kremlin."
The examination for ties among Trump and Russia is a long way from being done, and we're certain the quarrel among Trump and Schiff is as well—we question it'll end with the president just nicknaming Schiff 'shabby.'


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My sisters, cousin, and I stayed at Merlin House at the start of June and we had the most fantastic time. Lesley was incredibly helpful and thoughtful-- picking us up at the ferry terminal even though we were hours late, providing advice and lifts, and generally just being the most friendly and attentive host we've ever experienced. She and her husband even took us out to their local pub on our first evening to join their pub quiz. The house is great and equipped with everything you need for self-catering (although the climb up the long drive in not for the faint of heart). We never figured out how to work the shower so that it wasn't too hot--but we put that down to not understanding British taps and were too embarrassed to ask what we were doing wrong-- so we advise that you ask Lesley upon arrival and don't muddle through on your own. You can catch the bus at the bottom of the drive and be on your way to exploring the island. We would return in a heartbeat. Thank you again Lesley for a lovely stay in your home!
|How easy was it to book the property?
|How helpful were the directions to the property?
|How easy was key pickup/access to the property?
|Overall condition of the property
|Bedding & mattresses
|Kitchen & utensils
|Bathroom cleanliness
|Other facilities & amenities
We had a great few days on Arran and there was loads to see and do, especially with a 2 year old. Merlin house was a great location and with amazing views. This suited our needs, it was very clean and the owners were very helpful and were there to meet us when we arrived. Shame we had to leave a day early because of the ferry strike!
Lesley and her family made us welcome. Always available for local knowledge.
Very clean and tidy house which was well equipped for our needs.
Good location for peace and quiet but also not far into Brodick Town centre.
Hill walks close by too, overall well worth a visit if you need to get away for a relaxing break.
Stayed over a long weekend and had a relaxing time. House provides everything you need and the view being the best part. Easy access to all of arran from house and Lesley very friendly and accommodating. All 4 adults had a great time and would return again.
Great stay at merlin house. Lesley and her family very niece people ,also good and patient with the kids. Accommodation perfect for a base to explore arran also safe and secure for the kids as it sits up on a hill. Chickens roam free so my kids were very entertained by them. Everything you need within accommodation, Lesley supplies cleaning products and coffee ,tea sugar ect. Excellent value for money. Hope to return in the summer .
We stayed here for 4 nights with our infant son. The house was exactly what we were looking for. It has a great view, is very quiet while still close to the ferry terminal and has everything you need for a self-catered stay in Arran. The owner is very friendly and helpful. A car is highly recommended though as the house is on top of a pretty long and steep hill.
Leslie and Dennis where fabulous hosts. Having their keen local insight really added to our memorable holiday. They welcomed us to their property and we were made to feel at home. The view is great and the property is well located in between Brodick and Corrie. We had no problems with using bikes to get around. We would highly recommend this property for your holiday as it is so close to the beach just down the drive.


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Borderline Farm is located on the eastern border of NH and Parsonfield, Maine. Cross over Huntress Bridge, which spans the Ossipee River, and you come to a cluster of attractive homes in a pretty setting, with a village feel. The property is abutted by the Green Mountain Conservation Group and other conserved land is nearby in the Wyatt's Reserve and Audubon land.
The pretty gray cape, on 13+ acres, has a 4 year old metal roof, brand new coat of paint and 5" granite slabs that cover the concrete foundation of the addition to blend with the granite block foundation of the original 1797 house. The house was completely gutted and rebuilt to include a large addition in 1993. Designed in the Shaker style, the house has beautiful simple and clean lines.
During the renovations the old kitchen was torn off the house and a new kitchen, dining room and mud room were added in the mortise and tenon addition, built to match the construction of the original house. All the walls were redone using blue board backing and plaster; walls that were not plastered have custom bead board covering.
There are four working fireplaces, the three in the original portion of the house were refurbished with tiles and the fourth, a new fireplace constructed to look old, in the dining room, has a bee hive oven as does the fireplace in the great room. Ponderosa pine was used in making 29 shaker style doors throughout the house, as well as two dining room corner cabinets and all the kitchen cabinets. Yellow pine was used for the flooring throughout the house. Attention to detail is evident in all phases of construction, floor boards run straight through from room to room, take a look!
The downstairs floor plan includes the plant room which is tiled and also serves as a mudroom, kitchen, dining room, great room, family room and first floor master bedroom and full bath. The kitchen has granite counter tops and ample counter space and cabinetry. Natural wood is used throughout the house and has aged beautifully. Pocket doors close off the kitchen from the dining room and the effect is a feeling of stepping back in time. A continuity of style runs throughout the house. The second floor houses two more bedrooms and 3/4 bath. The bedrooms have bead board covering on the walls and ceiling, are painted white and have a cottage feel. The house is completely insulated, air conditioned and almost sound proof.
On the systems side, a generator panel was installed and supplies power for refrigeration, heating and water supply as well as sump pumps when needed. The septic system has three clean out boxes, and the security system has 17 sensors. The newer two car garage has a metal roof, auto openers, and sub panel and storage area above.
The barn with six stalls, has electricity, security system, large hay loft and water from the dug well. A conversation piece is the charming shoeing shed that houses an Amish shoeing station. The cement flooring from the old barn is still in place and in good condition, it's a perfect spot to park your RV or construct a new building over it. The land is lovely with about 6 open level acres, and is ready for fencing, the rest is wooded.
This lovely home is move in ready and just an hour to Portland and 2 hours to Boston, making it a perfect primary or secondary home.
Equestrian Amenities:
6-Stall barn
Electricity and water
Shoeing Barn with shoeing station
Cement pad for RVs
6 Open level acres, abutting conserved land


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The answer to whether insurance follows the car or driver depends on many variables, most notably the kind of insurance coverage being referred to. There are coverages that follow the car and coverages that follow the driver. In general, auto insurance follows the car instead of the driver, but the specifics of a claim can differ since insurance laws and coverage vary depending on the policy, coverage and state being dealt with.
Drive Other Car insurance is similar to an Individual Named Insured Endorsement. If you need to borrow, test drive, rent, or lease a vehicle, Drive Other Car insurance will extend the coverages you've purchased for your commercial auto insurance policy - like Liability insurance, Physical Damage insurance, Medical Payments, and Uninsured Motorist Insurance, to a non-owned car.
Auto insurance will generally cover a driver from any state as long as he has the insured's permission to operate the vehicle. However, this isn't always the case. In all instances, when someone else operates the insured's vehicle, the auto coverage and policy terms may vary greatly depending on the carrier and insurance options selected by the insured. That said, if an insured is driving a company/commercial vehicle which has Med Pay/PIP coverage, that coverage is usually primary over the driver's personal auto policy, which will be secondary in terms of coverage. There are some exceptions.
As we have seen, this is usually not the right question to ask. However, that won't prevent inquiring minds from asking – over and over. An answer to the question that isn't going to be universally correct, therefore, is that insurance that follows the car usually has the vehicle listed in the policy. If anyone who has your permission drives the car, that person is probably covered by virtue of the fact that the car is covered. However, as we've seen, this kind of insurance does not cover everyone. There are qualifications for the drivers covered. Other types of coverage such as collision or comprehensive insurance will usually follow the car. These coverages will usually not "follow the driver" to any vehicle which the "covered" driver operates.
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Therefore, a very basic and often incorrect answer to the wrong question is that auto liability coverage generally follows the driver, while auto physical damage coverage generally follows the vehicle. However, more often than not, you will be asking the wrong question. As long as a driver has the vehicle owner's permission to operate the vehicle, the owner's policy will provide coverage no matter who the driver is. The vehicle owner's policy should cover injuries and property damage. However, exceptions do exist. In most cases, therefore, the right question to ask would be "Is there insurance coverage under these specific facts?"
In order for insurance to cover an accident when the insured is not present, there will need to be comprehensive auto coverage. The facts of each such case definitely matter. If the driver is a relative, then most likely the absent insured's insurance will cover the accident. The driver also needs to have had permission, express or implied, or the insured's insurance may not cover the claim, unless the vehicle was stolen. Individual insurance companies and policies may vary in regard to these rules.
Auto insurance will generally cover a driver from any state as long as he has the insured's permission to operate the vehicle. However, this isn't always the case. In all instances, when someone else operates the insured's vehicle, the auto coverage and policy terms may vary greatly depending on the carrier and insurance options selected by the insured. That said, if an insured is driving a company/commercial vehicle which has Med Pay/PIP coverage, that coverage is usually primary over the driver's personal auto policy, which will be secondary in terms of coverage. There are some exceptions.
When the policy of the vehicle owner and the policy of the permissive user have different limits, the matter becomes even more complicated. If the damages caused by the permissive user's negligence exceed the owner's liability limits, the policy of the permissive user might be tapped as secondary coverage, but usually only where the permissive user's liability limits are higher than the owner's liability limits.
Comprehensive and collision auto insurance coverage, on the other hand, are tied to the insured vehicle (they follow the car). These coverages pay for damage that befalls the insured vehicle as a result of an accident or vandalism. One could say that if you loan your vehicle, you loan your insurance. With comprehensive insurance which covers almost everything, it is the car rather than the driver that is covered. This, however, requires many stipulations to be put in place, such as who is allowed to drive the car. If someone other than the insured is driving a vehicle covered by comprehensive coverage and is not listed as a covered driver – even if the other person has permission – the other person might not be covered in an accident. Family members (such as children or a spouse) are generally already included in the policy definition of "insured." However, rarely will insurance cover a driver operating a vehicle without the owner's permission.
Comprehensive car insurance covers damages from an "act of God," or events that are not caused by a car driving into something else. An "act of God" can include things like damage from a heavy tree branch falling on your car. Since you have no control over when or why a tree branch would fall on your car, this kind of accident would be covered under your comprehensive policy.


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Kukla's Korner Hockey
Video- Worldly Goal Of The Year
by Paul on 05/13/11 at 06:45 PM ET
Comments (1)
Mikael Granlund of Finland and prospect of the Minnesota Wild, goes top-shelf at the World Championships.
Somewhere Mike Legg is smiling…
Filed in: Non-NHL Hockey, European Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: mikael+granlund
nice goal, but i thought if the stick goes above the top of the net its considered high sticking?
Posted by Luongo-is-my-hero on 05/13/11 at 11:25 PM ET
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There's no excuse for not sounding charming and hilarious over text. Limiting your conversations to lots of "haha!" and "cool" will lead her to believe that either you're too lazy or just not funny—and that's when your chances of scoring plummet. So throw out a line from Wedding Crashers or send a picture of Beauty and the Beast ("Us?")—seriously, anything. Leave the simple texts for your mom.
I'm 14 and I tried this on a girl who I deeply loved. She's my neighbor too!!! I'm shy of talking to girls I like and try to stay as far away from them as possible. So I got a Facebook when I turned 13 (I would have gotten it earlier but my parents wouldn't let me) and it automatically downloaded her phone number into my address book on my phone. Jackpot I thought. So I started texting her using these steps and there was no response. So I tried step #12 and I finally got a response. "Keep dreaming, Gabe. Keep dreaming." So I rate it a 1 out of 1,000,000,000!!!!
On the day of the date, you want to shoot her a text, preferably early in the day and long before you're going to meet up. This ensures you that it's still on and tells her that you're still in. She's most likely doing the same thing that you are: waiting for that text so that you both know for sure that you're both still in and not going to flake. By doing this, you almost guarantee a no-flake scenario between the two of you.
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Another quick point about keeping her interested has to do with texting her after you've set up a time to hang out together. Some guys (and I did this a lot when I first started getting good with game) will stop texting her after the date is set up. This is not a good move because, like everything else mentioned before, the woman loses interest. Her chances of flaking out go up astronomically when you do something like this. A simple text of "How's your day going, sweetheart? I hope it's as much fun as mine is today :)" will suffice in that time between the day you set up the date and the day of it.
When it comes to flirting with girls, everything is getting even harder, since it's impossible to predict their reaction. You have to be 100% sure that the time and words are right. All we can do to help you write a good flirty SMS is to give a few nice examples of flirty text messages written specifically for ladies. But it's only up to you to decide what to send your sweetheart, because you know her better.


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We invest our money into four separate buckets using Betterment's online software: Safety Net, Retirement Fund, House Fund, and Wealth-Building Fund. (For complete details, see our Retirement Planning article, in which we we break down how we, as minimalists, plan for retirement and other financial objectives, using screenshots and real-world examples, including statistics and personal figures.)
financial freedom coach
If you want to add a little excitement to your passive income investing, meet Lending Club, the web-based peer-to-peer lending platform where investors looking for high-interest opportunities provide the funds for loans. You can earn interest rates in excess of 10 percent a year – about 10 times what you will earn on more conventional interest-bearing investments.
How much money do I need for financial independence
Etsy: While Etsy's popularity has declined recently, it's still a great resource for selling handmade items online. No need for complex ecommerce sites or merchant accounts or any sort of automation. The company takes a commission of every sale and charges a small listing fee per item. But many still use Etsy as their primary source of income. The best part is that you can also sell digital products on here such as poster designs.
Test websites. Remote usability testing means getting paid to navigate a website for the first time and giving feedback to the website owner. Most tests take approximately 15 minutes, and you can get paid up to $10 for each test. A test involves performing a scenario on the client's website and recording yourself doing it. For example, you might be asked to go through the process of selecting and purchasing an item on a retailer's website.[1]
Since I am less than 21 months away to 55, it is a mental daily struggle to get thru the day, the week and the months. It is so depressing at work since all of my co-workers have been laidoff. There is no one for "water cooler" talk. Over IT 1000 ppl were laid off from 2012 to 2017. It can be stressful at times to support the IT systems by myself. I have hobbies to help take my mind a little off the countdown clock. We take vacations so that I can get mentally away. Since I work from home, we try to go out at least once a week for lunch. I read your site and RB40's site NUMEROUS times a day to take my mind of work.
- Limited discussion until the end of the book (p. 290) about Sequence of Return Risk. This is something few people understand and it is flat out dangerous to lead someone to potentially believe that they can retire decades earlier than "standard/normal retirement age" with significantly less money than they would supposedly otherwise need to accumulate by age 65, immediately starting withdrawing from these funds, and that their money will likely double, triple, or quadruple by the time they're much older. Yes, this is possible IF someone can remain flexible (on taking withdrawals from their assets, on generating income in "retirement"), IF someone has alternate income sources, IF market conditions are generally favorable during at least the first decade of "retirement," etc., but there is a major risk here as well. The author does mention these items and does provide a few cautionary words, but I do not think this was stressed enough for the average reader to truly understand the complete impact/considerations. I feel like most people will think, "oh, awesome, I can retire in my 30s with $1.25M, starting taking withdrawals right away, never run out of money, and my portfolio will be worth multiples of the $1.25M in my later years." More time should be spent discussing sequence of return risk.
financial freedom images
The tradeoff in this scenario is clear. You can continue working to build a bigger pool of savings, which will provide additional income and flexibility for the remainder of your life. Or, you can leave your job as soon as possible and hope that a smaller portfolio will provide sufficient income. It's all about finding the right balance given your personal situation.
financial freedom baby steps
"Most of us are shocked to realize how much we actually spend," Hester said. "After you've started tracking, figure out how much your lifestyle costs per year, look for what you might be able to cut out to shrink that number, and then start working on increasing your savings rate. Those are the hardest parts of the journey, and the rest is just a matter of waiting for the money to add up and compound."
Categories. Identify what's truly necessary by identifying all of your monthly expenses based on the past six months, and then divide your expenses into three categories: Essentials, Nonessentials, and Junk. Write down every expense (food, housing, utilities, insurance, cars, gas, transportation, clothes, credit cards, phones, Internet, pets, entertainment, etc.); triple-check the list with your significant other or a friend; and then use your Essentials, Nonessentials, and Junk categories to prioritize and cut wherever you can. The stricter you are, the sooner you'll be free.
In fact, the FIRE community seems to focus less on the "retire early" aspect of the movement and more on the financial independence component, "which is a powerful aspirational goal that is readily achievable if people are willing to make some small, but important, optimizations in their lives," said Jonathan Mendonsa, co-host of the ChooseFI podcast.
Find your niche partners, collaborators, and champions: As you're creating your course, look for notable people who are also creating content in the space. Look att how their businesses operate and incorporate that into your own plan. You can also reach out to any influencers and make them affiliates for your own course. This way, they'll be incentivized to share your content with their own audiences (which can be a major way to generate your first sales—it helps if you're using one of the best CRMs for small business—and start building your own community!)
This is what I what I hear. Sell all your stuff, except for a tent, and move to the woods so you will never have to pay rent or utilities again. Joking aside, I actually come across a blog that promoted dumpster diving for food. No thank you! Realistically, most of us will not want to do the things required to retire at 30, 40 or 50. In fact, many people who are reading this likely are not saving enough to maintain their current standard of living during their golden years, if they retired at the age of 70. It pains me to report that about 21% of people have zero, zilch, nada saved for retirement, according to the Northwestern Mutual's 2018 Planning & Progress Study.
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ie first you need to haul ass and do something crazy, eg write a quality 20,000 word ebook (insanely not passive hahahah), but then you get to sit back and enjoy seeing PayPal sale messages pop up on your iPhone each morning as sale after sale after sale is made…on an ongoing basis and without any additional work. That's some seriously Pina Colada flavored passive goodness!
How can I be financially healthy
Assuming you are doing pretty well and are happy with your current standard of living, what would you need to maintain your standard of living in retirement? Knowing you are on track to accumulate a nest egg to support that lifestyle is a big win. Gold medals go to those who have accumulated enough assets, or passive income streams, to be in a position to retire well.
Financial Freedom The Ultimate Convenience
14 Things You Must Know About Financial Freedom
Hi Suba, I'm glad you brought up health insurance. I decided to leave off my explanation for why my health insurance costs will decrease after FI, in order to keep the post a bit shorter, but it is important to note why. Our plan after FI is to live for 6 months in Scotland (my wife's home), travel around for 1-3 months in America (visiting my friends and family), and live for 3-5 months somewhere else in the world (Southeast Asia, South America, or another low-cost destination). Since we'll be based in the UK, the majority of our year will be health insurance free (thanks to the NHS). The other six months of the year, we'll be able to cover ourselves with a travel insurance policy. These policies can usually be purchased for £300 per year in the UK, so $50 a month seemed like a conservative estimate for half-a-year's worth of insurance (this UK-based travel blog article discusses travel insurance costs).
Passive income differs from active income which is defined as any earned income including all the taxable income and wages the earner get from working. Linear active income refers to one constantly needed to stay active to maintain the stream of income, and once an individual chooses to stop working the income will also stop, examples of active income include wages, self-employment income, material participation in an s corp, or a partnership.[4] portfolio income is derived from investments and includes capital gains, interest, dividends, and royalties.[5]
Once you've gathered a list, put together a template outreach email (as you'll be doing this over and over) that's short and clear with expectations. Tell your potential interviewee who you are, what your podcast is about, and what you're asking of them. Do a few test interviews with friends and family to make sure everything is being recorded at the quality you want and then book your first episode.
Me and my wife consider that a pasive income of 2000€/month.. so 44.000€/year would be great and we would consider financial independent in this case.. Having in mind that average income for a working person in Romania is ~8700$/year we consider that our target of ~2400$/household/month would be great because you can have an above average lifestyle..
VIPKID provides an international learning experience to children in China between the ages 4-12. Headquartered in Beijing, the company offers fully immersive one-on-one English language instruction provided online by highly qualified teachers. The curriculum is based on the U.S. Common Core State Standards and uses a flipped-classroom approach to foster creativity and critical thinking skills.
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At the beginning of this year, as I was setting investment goals I came up with $2.4M as the amount of liquid cash needed for me to say "I quit!" That would put me in the Baseline FI category. It would take a truly horrible job for me to quit and settle for budget FI. I don't think I could handle being FI on a tight budget for too long because I would get bored due to not having enough money to pay for experiences/travel which currently bring me a lot of joy.
Who doesn't like some down and dirty affiliate fees?! Especially if you realize it can be even easier to make money this way than with an ebook. After all, you simply need to concentrate on pumping out some content for your own site and getting the traffic in, often via Google or social media. Unsurprisingly, most people can enjoy their first affiliate sale within 30 days of starting a blog. Continue reading >
financial freedom amount
@Palmetto - Thanks for the feedback. As far as making a pivot in my career, I just knew I needed to boost my credibility and change the path I was going on. Being in the computer science field, I was already technology driven and knew how important it would continue to be. I just looked into jobs that seem to be hiring the most and closely matched my interests, then looked at what I need to learn to be able to get that job. It wasn't too difficult because I already knew what I wanted to switch too and enjoy about some of my previous work. For other fields, I'm sure it might be more difficult to figure it out. But keep at it. Advice, really just do your research, make lists of what you enjoy/don't enjoy, what you'd like to learn more of and just dive in. Creating my own music blog was a huge stepping stone and opened more career choices. @Mrs Picky Pincher - Thanks for your point! I see where you are coming from. Agree, you shouldn't spend all your waking hours working, chasing the almighty dollar. However, I choose side hustles that are only a few hours a week or projects I know that won't consume my entire life. The reason I advocate for side gigs is because your full-time is never guaranteed. Sure you may be able to survive on some savings, but if anything were to happen to that job, you're in more of "what am I going to do" mode. I'm not in a panic for work because I have some supplement income still coming in while I continue to find the next gig. Just adds a bit less stress. And no, def don't want to think negatively about your future job, but something to always be mindful of. @Cody - Thanks! Hoping to contribute more to MM!
financial freedom by 40
Great post. One thing I'd challenge you on: owning a car. I've had one since I was 17, and LOVE having a car to get me from point A to point B. Thing is, I want FI more. So I yesterday donated my car to charity, and am now walking/bussing/Zipcar-ing my way around. No repair costs, insurance, gas, oil changes…no saving for a new car. Goodbye Saturn SL1, Hello Carsharing
Join a startup accelerator: Another great option is to apply to a startup accelerator like Y Combinator, 500 startups, or TechStars, where a group of investors will help coach you, connect you with potential partners, and provide startup cash in return for a small stake in your company. The competition is tough to get into these, so don't rely on them as your only path forward.
financial freedom a proven path
- Bonds vs. Bond Funds: p. 289 says "One nice feature of bonds is that you know exactly how your bond investments will grow each year, so the income is guaranteed." Is it? No, no it's not at all - especially if you're using bond FUNDS like the author suggests. If you hold an actual bond to maturity, it works slightly differently. Either way, that bond income is not "guaranteed."
Passive income differs from active income which is defined as any earned income including all the taxable income and wages the earner get from working. Linear active income refers to one constantly needed to stay active to maintain the stream of income, and once an individual chooses to stop working the income will also stop, examples of active income include wages, self-employment income, material participation in an s corp, or a partnership.[4] portfolio income is derived from investments and includes capital gains, interest, dividends, and royalties.[5]
How much is financial independence
This can be a little easier said than done, but if you have a large social media following, you can definitely earn money promoting a product or advertising for a company. You can even combine this with different marketing campaigns if you are an influencer and have your own blog (advertisement + affiliate income). This is how many bloggers make money! Again, it is not 100% passive but once set up correctly and then scaled, can be surprisingly lucrative.
The easiest and best way to shield your income from taxes is retirement plans. If your employer offers a 401(k) plan at work, put as much of your income into it as you can afford. At a minimum, invest up to the amount that will get you the maximum employer matching contribution. For example, if your employer offers a 50% match (3%) up to a 6% contribution by you, you should contribute at least 6% – and of course, more is always better.
How to Monetize: Affiliate marketing works well when you discuss products on your blog. For our fish tank blog, we would link to all the things you need to buy for an aquarium and then when people click on that link and buy that item (and other items they purchase with it with some exceptions) you get a percentage of the purchase. Amazon Associates is the best-known affiliate marketing program, but there are others like Impact Radius, ShareASale, Commission Junction, ClickBank, and Rakuten too.
2. InboxDollars – InboxDollars is similar to Swagbucks, since you're going to be taking surveys, shopping, etc., so if you want to maximize your return, sign up with both websites. They also offer a search engine that pays you (like Swagbucks) and you get $5 just for signing up. I won't continue to list survey sites one after another down the list, but if you want to get paid to take surveys, also check out GlobalTestMarket, E-Poll Surveys and Survey Club.
To escape the spending trap, you need to understand that income is not long-term wealth. What is wealth? Income is obviously a component of wealth, but wealth can have varying definitions. Many people see wealth as their total net worth at any given time. This can be paralleled to the assessment of an individual's balance sheet. Wealth can be referred to as the part of your balance sheet that is considered equity. Your assets minus liabilities. The wealth you have after liquidating.
Fall In Love With Financial Freedom
Industrialization emphasized the role of technology. Many jobs were automated. Machines replaced some workers while other workers became more specialized. Labour specialization became critical to economic success. However, physical capital, as it came to be known, consisting of both the natural capital (raw materials from nature) and the infrastructural capital (facilitating technology), became the focus of the analysis of wealth. Adam Smith saw wealth creation as the combination of materials, labour, land, and technology in such a way as to capture a profit (excess above the cost of production).[10]
My husband retired from the military after 20 years of service last summer at age 38 – his guaranteed income is appx $67k per year for life (tax free and subject to COLA), and he gets an additional $17k the next 4 years under the GI Bill while he's in school. We have appx $450k invested, no debt, and guaranteed health insurance for life with no monthly premiums, $150 annual deductible and $3k annual catastrophic cap. We have one child, age 5, who will receive free college tuition if she attends a state University in our state of record. We do have appx $25k in a brokerage account for her for addtl college expenses. My husband is considering not working after he finishes school, or working a 'fun' part time job. We live in the Midwest, where cost of living is ok (much better than our last duty station in CA!). I work a 'fun' part time job bringing in about $1k/mo. Curious on your thoughts as to where this puts us. And, do we figure my husbands 'pension + benefits' in our networth?