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- Published on October 14, 2019
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Bye-bye Burbank, hello DTLA. (12/13a)
What comes after X? (12/12a)
A wider view of the issues (12/13a)
A very intriguing dude (12/12a)
Mason Jr. discusses his senior role at the Academy. (12/12a)
Ours is mostly bourbon.
Delicious in salads.
Ours are roasting, but it could be these slim-fit jeans.
An entire Christmas tree made of it. Is what we want. for Christmas.
Rod Stewart has emerged victorious in a tight chart battle with Robbie Williams and The Who, claiming his 10th U.K. Official Albums #1 with You're In My Heart (Rhino) rising one place to #1. Over on singles, Tones & I makes chart history.
In reaching #1, Stewart sets a new U.K. chart record as the oldest male solo artist to top the Official Albums Chart. At 74 years and 11 months old, he beats previous record-holder Paul Simon by three months.
With just 750 copies between them, Williams' The Christmas Present (Columbia) sits at #2 and, despite a midweek lead, The Who settle for third place with WHO (Polydor).
On the Official Singles Chart, Tones & I now claims the longest-running #1 single by a female artist in U.K. chart history with "Dance Monkey" (Parlophone) spending an 11th week at the top. The feat was previously jointly held at 10 weeks by Rihanna's "Umbrella" (2007) and Whitney Houston's "I Will Always Love You" (1992).
Sony Music U.K. has further amplified its move into the podcasting space with the promotion of Adam Cardew to the newly created role of VP of Podcasting & Creative Strategy.
He's tasked with launching a series of innovative, artist-led projects that tap into the increasingly important audio space.
Working from within Sony's 4th Floor Creative team, Cardew will be managing the U.K. podcast division and overseeing the company's creator network—the influencer and creator program that services all Sony Music U.K. labels. He will also be collaborating with the U.S. on podcast initiatives.
The hire marks the next phase for 4th Floor Creative, which spans brand partnerships, sync and creative, digital and audience development. It follows on from Sony announcing a joint venture earlier this year with podcast production company Broccoli Content, led by Renay Richardson.
The two top officials at the British Government lobbying organization, UK Music, will step down at the end of January. Chairman and Founder Andy Heath is exiting down after 11 years at the helm and CEO Michael Dugher is heading off to become CEO of the Betting and Gaming Council.
Heath will remain Chairman until the process of recruiting a CEO to replace Dugher has been completed. Tom Kiehl, currently Deputy CEO, will take over as acting CEO during the process of recruiting a new Chief Executive.
"The time is right for me to make way for a successor," Heath said. "Indeed I intended to step down before Michael Dugher was appointed, but felt it was right to support Michael in his, then, new post. I'm thrilled that I did that as UK Music has risen to new achievements under his leadership. Building on the impressive legacy of Jo Dipple, UK Music is now a truly respected organization in Westminster, Whitehall, the media and within the industry itself."
Net income for the Hipgnosis Songs portfolio increased to $27.8m in the six-month period between 3/31 and 9/30, ahead of management's expectations for the period. Adjusted operating profit for the period before tax increased to $17.3m.
As at 9/30, the company had invested approximately £319.4m in acquiring 27 catalogs, giving them interests in 7,475 songs. Since 10/1, the company has spent £186.1m to acquire another 15 catalogs, among them Jeff Bhasker, Timbaland and Fraser Smith.
Hipgnosis Songs Founder Merck Mercuriadis reported that during the April-September period the catalogs of Benny Blanco and The Chainsmokers beat expectations and that the Ari Levine, Neal Schon, Bernard Edwards and Itaal Shur catalogs all grew strongly on the comparative period in the prior year.
Hipgnosis Songs Fund Limited and its investment advisor, The Family (Music) Limited, have announced yet another acquisition, a music catalogue by U.K. indie band Kaiser Chiefs from B-Unique.
The catalog consists of 100% of the worldwide ownership of the master rights to the band's first four studio albums, Employment, Yours Truly, Angry Mob, Off With Their Heads and The Future is Medieval, as well as their greatest hits album Souvenir and their live audiovisual release Live at Elland Road.
The Kaiser Chiefs' 2005 debut album Employment, which won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Album, is certified 6x Platinum in the U.K., and includes the Platinum-certified "I Predict a Riot," "Oh My God" which reached the Top 10 on the U.K. Singles Chart, and the U.K. Top 10 "Everyday I Love You Less and Less." With Employment the Kaiser Chiefs won three Brit Awards in 2006, an NME Award for Best Album and were short-listed for the Mercury Prize.
The band's second album Yours Truly Angry Mob released in 2007 reached #1 in the U.K. Album Charts, is certified as 2x platinum in the U.K., and included the U.K. #1 and platinum-certified single "Ruby." The catalog also includes the U.K. Top 5 single "Never Miss a Beat" off the band's 2008 #2 album Off With Their Heads.
Merck Mercuriadis, Founder of The Family (Music) Limited and Hipgnosis Songs Fund Limited, said:
"The Kaiser Chiefs have been one of the most successful English bands of the last 15 years and it's no secret that it's down to great songs, great albums and a terrific live show. They follow the very English tradition of The Who and Madness, and incredible hits like "I Predict a Riot" and "Ruby" just get better with time. I'm delighted that Mark, Martin, James, Nick, Ricky and the band have entrusted us with this special catalogue."
Mark Lewis & Martin Toher of B-Unique said:
"We are delighted to be part of the Hipgnosis story, Merck managed the first band signed to B-unique, we know he is a proper music man. This deal will allow us to continue working with the Kaisers and James to keep this great catalogue growing. Martin and I shared such a commonality with the band, we both had a real underdog spirit and the fact that they are still having top 3 albums and selling more tickets than ever is a testament to their continued hunger."
James Sandom at Red Light Management said:
"It's great to be in business with Merck and Hipgnosis. We're excited by the potential and fresh focus on Kaiser Chiefs classic catalogue in this new chapter, Hipgnosis' modern thinking and resource will add value and presence to a catalogue that's engrained in British culture."
British indie Dirty Hit, home to The 1975, Wolf Alice, Pale Waves and Beabadoobee, has expanded its relationship with UMG by signing an exclusive global digital distribution deal with Ingrooves Music Group.
The new agreement will further expand the independent label's presence around the world. It doesn't change The 1975's deal with Polydor and Interscope.
"We have had a long working relationship with Ingrooves, stretching back nearly a decade," said Jamie Oborne, Founder and CEO of Dirty Hit Records. "Bob Roback and his team at Ingrooves have built one of the most sophisticated distribution operations in the world and I'm excited about this new era for our two companies."
The Who is on course to claim its first U.K. #1 album in almost 50 years with WHO (Polydor) leading the midweeks by 6k combined chart sales. Over on singles, Ellie Goulding has joined the race for the Christmas #1.
WHO is the band's first collection of new material since 2006 and could be their first #1 since Who's Next topped the chart in 1971. Today, it sits ahead of Robbie Williams' The Christmas Present (Columbia) at #2.
Liam Payne's LP1 (Capitol) is the second highest new albums entry at #8.
On the U.K.'s Official Singles update, Goulding has shot 12 places to #2 with her cover of Joni Mitchell's "River" (Polydor). The track sits less than 2k combined chart sales behind Tones and I's "Dance Monkey" (Parlophone) and is now in the running to claim the Christmas #1 at the end of next week.
Tony Harlow will succeed Max Lousada as Chairman and CEO of Warner Music U.K. beginning in February. Harlow joined WMG in 2010 as MD for Australasia and most recently served as President of WEA.
Lousada, who has been on the hunt for a successor to look over the British business since his promotion to CEO of Recorded Music two years ago, said, "Tony has a depth and diversity of experience that few can match. Ever since his days behind the counter at a Beggars Banquet record shop, he's been a true artist champion with a total passion for music. And as an entrepreneurial leader, he has a progressive and ambitious vision for where the business needs to go next."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
FRAN HALSALL is a woman who stands out in a crowd. But in a swimming pool? That's a different matter.
Which is why British swimming's golden girl took the bold fashion statement to sport shocking pink during her stunning British Championship displays – all so that dad Andrew could tell how well she was swimming.
"I wore the pink suit so my dad could pick me out," she laughed during a visit to her old high school, St Mary's College, last week.
"He's usually sat next to my mum saying 'Diane. What's Fran doing? Her stroke's all wrong!' and my mum would say 'What are you talking about? She's winning!'
"So the pink suit helped me stand out a bit. And I like pink.
"I think we have to wear black at the Olympics, so it was just a bit of trials fun really."
The 21-year-old's bubbly personality, however, belies a fiercely focused and competitive nature.
And while the British Championships, which doubled up as Olympic trials, might have been a 'bit of fun', Fran finished the event qualifying for five events at London 2012, including a stunning 24.13 second sprint in the 50m freestyle, the fastest time in the world this year.
Given that the 100m is Halsall's specialist race, her time over the shorter distance took even coach Ben Titley by surprise.
"After the swim my coach was saying 'the clock must be wrong' and I was telling him 'no, you can't say that!' " she smiled.
"He asked me 'What happened? What were you thinking about? How did you do that?
"He was more shocked than I was which was pretty funny. In the suits that we wear now, which are textiles, it was the fastest swim ever. So I was really excited.
"Coming into the Olympics that event was the one I thought I could come third or fourth in, but to be the fastest woman ever is really strange.
Via the trials, Halsall qualified for the 50m freestyle, 100m freestyle, 100m butterfly and two medleys at London 2012.
Olympic swimming history is littered with multiple medallists, from Johnny Weismuller to Michael Phelps, Mark Spitz to Ian Thorpe – and Halsall now has her own shot at making history.
Having been to Beijing four years ago – and experienced first hand the pool where this summer's games will be staged – she will be perfectly prepared.


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Means "Wish, Desire" in Sanskrit.Manisha is the Hindu Goddess of the mind. A girl with the name Manisha is considered to be beautiful and smart.
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tag:theconversation.com,2011:/us/topics/iodine-5999/articles Iodine – The Conversation 2019-04-30T20:13:26Z tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/107708 2019-04-30T20:13:26Z 2019-04-30T20:13:26Z Have you gone vegan? Keep an eye on these 4 nutrients

Legumes are a good source of calcium. Saschanti17/Shutterstock

There are many reasons people go vegan, from wanting to be healthier, to reducing their environmental footprint, to concerns about animal welfare.

No matter what the reason, many people find it difficult to meet the nutrient intake targets for specific vitamins and minerals while on a vegan diet. These include vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and iodine.

Here's how to make sure you're getting enough of these vitamins and minerals while following a vegan diet.

   Read more: Vegan diet: how your body changes from day one

1. Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is essential for making red blood cells, DNA (your genetic code), fatty acids located in myelin (which insulate nerves), and some neurotransmitters needed for brain function.

Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver, so a deficiency probably won't happen in adults in the short term.

Symptoms of B12 deficiency

Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency include tiredness, lethargy, low exercise tolerance, light-headedness, rapid heart rate or palpitations, bruising and bleeding easily, weight loss, impotence, bowel or bladder changes, a sore tongue, and bleeding gums.

Other symptoms related to the nervous system include a loss of sensation in the hands or feet, problems related to movement, brain changes ranging from memory loss to mood changes or dementia, visual disturbances, and impaired bowel and bladder control.

Testing for B12 deficiency

Your doctor may request a blood test to check your vitamin B12 status and determine whether indicators are in the healthy range.

Vegan food sources of B12

Vitamin B12 is abundant in animal foods including meat, milk and dairy products.

For vegans, plant sources of vitamin B12 include some algae and plants exposed to bacterial action or contaminated by soil or insects. While traces of vitamin B12 analogues can be found in some mushrooms, nori or fermented soy beans, more reliable sources include vitamin B12-supplemented soy or nut "milks", or meat substitutes. Check the nutrition information panel on the label for the the B12 content.

Crystalline vitamin B12 added to these products can boost the B12's absorption rate to a level similar to that from animal products.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/271660/original/file-20190430-194609-1dzhtrz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/271660/original/file-20190430-194609-1dzhtrz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271660/original/file-20190430-194609-1dzhtrz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271660/original/file-20190430-194609-1dzhtrz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271660/original/file-20190430-194609-1dzhtrz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271660/original/file-20190430-194609-1dzhtrz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271660/original/file-20190430-194609-1dzhtrz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Meat substitutes are often supplemented with B12. Stephanie Frey/Shutterstock

2. Calcium

Calcium is needed to develop and maintain the skeleton bones, and is stored in the teeth and bones. It is also essential for heart, muscle and nerve function.

Testing for calcium deficiency

Low calcium intakes are associated with osteoporosis or "brittle bones" and a higher risk of bone fractures.

A bone scan is used to measure bone density, with osteoporosis diagnosed when bone density is low.

Both low calcium intakes and low vitamin D levels increase the risk of osteoporosis. Check your bone health using the Know Your Bones online quiz.

Vegan food sources of calcium

Although the richest sources of calcium are milk and milk-based foods, vegans can get calcium from tofu or bean curd, some fortified soy or nut beverages, nuts, seeds, legumes, and breakfast cereals.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/271650/original/file-20190430-194603-e1fvju.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/271650/original/file-20190430-194603-e1fvju.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271650/original/file-20190430-194603-e1fvju.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271650/original/file-20190430-194603-e1fvju.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271650/original/file-20190430-194603-e1fvju.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271650/original/file-20190430-194603-e1fvju.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271650/original/file-20190430-194603-e1fvju.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Nut and soy milks are a good source of calcium. Rodica Ciorba/Shutterstock

Calcium needs can be higher for vegans and vegetarians due to the relatively high oxalic acid content of foods such as spinach, rhubarb, beans, and the high phytic acid content of seeds, nuts, grains, some raw beans, and soy products. These specific acids can lower the calcium absorption from these foods by 10-50%.

In a study of calcium intakes of 1,475 adults , vegans were below national recommendations and had lower calcium intakes compared with vegetarians, semi-vegetarians, pesco-vegetarians, and omnivores.

   Read more: Explainer: how do our bones get calcium and why do they need it?

3. Iodine

Iodine is needed to make thyroxine, a thyroid hormone used in normal growth, regulation of metabolic rate, and development of the central nervous system. Iodine is concentrated in the thyroid gland.

Symptoms of iodine deficiency

Iodine deficiency can lead to the enlargement of the thyroid gland, a goitre, or hypothyroidism.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include lethargy, tiredness, muscular weakness, feeling cold, difficulty concentrating, poor memory, weight gain, depression, facial puffiness, hair loss, dry skin, constipation, and slower heartbeat.

In women, iodine deficiency can increase risk of miscarriage and stillbirth, and congenital anomalies, including mental retardation and cretinism.

Testing for iodine deficiency

Your iodine status can be assessed by a range of tests, including thyroid hormones in your blood, the size of your thyroid gland, or the presence of a goitre. Talk to your doctor about these tests.

Vegan food sources of iodine

The iodine content of food depends on the iodine content of plants, which in turn depends on soil iodine content. When soil content is low, iodine may need to be supplemented.

Major sources of iodine are seafood, dairy products, and eggs.

For vegans, iodised salt, commercial bread made using iodised salt, fortified soy or nut milks (check the product label) and seaweed are important.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/271663/original/file-20190430-194609-1c673kh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/271663/original/file-20190430-194609-1c673kh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271663/original/file-20190430-194609-1c673kh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271663/original/file-20190430-194609-1c673kh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271663/original/file-20190430-194609-1c673kh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271663/original/file-20190430-194609-1c673kh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271663/original/file-20190430-194609-1c673kh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Iodine is added to some salts. IlzeTheBeast/Shutterstock

Substances called goitrogens, which are found in brassica vegetables – including cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts, sweet potato and maize – can interfere with the production of thyroid hormones.

   Read more: Lack of dietary iodine threatens brain development in children

4. Iron

Iron is needed to make haemoglobin in red blood cells, which carries oxygen around your body.

Iron is also needed for the production of energy in your muscles, and for concentration and a healthy immune system.

Symptoms and testing for iron deficiency and anaemia

Not having enough iron leads to iron deficiency, and is associated with reduced work capacity, impaired brain function, lower immunity, and delayed development in infants.

The first stage of iron deficiency is referred to as low iron stores and your doctor may refer you for a blood test to check your iron status.

   Read more: I've been diagnosed with iron deficiency, now what?

Vegan food sources of iron

In Australia and New Zealand, the biggest contributors to iron intake are wholegrain cereals, meats, chicken, and fish.

The amount of iron absorbed from food depends on a person's iron status (with those who are iron-deficient absorbing more), as well as the iron content of the entire meal, and whether iron is haem (from animal foods) or non-haem iron from plant sources such as grains and vegetables.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/271657/original/file-20190430-194633-1sxme7g.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/271657/original/file-20190430-194633-1sxme7g.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=401&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271657/original/file-20190430-194633-1sxme7g.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=401&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271657/original/file-20190430-194633-1sxme7g.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=401&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271657/original/file-20190430-194633-1sxme7g.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271657/original/file-20190430-194633-1sxme7g.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/271657/original/file-20190430-194633-1sxme7g.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Whole grains are rich in iron. Photka/Shutterstock

Although iron from plant sources is less able to enter the body, you can boost your absorption by adding lemon or lime juice (citric acid) or other vitamin C-rich vegetables and fruits, which convert non-haem iron to a form than is better absorbed.

Take care with food components that inhibit absorption of both haem and non-haem iron, including calcium, zinc and phytates in legumes, rice and other grains, and polyphenols and vegetable proteins that can inhibit absorption of non-haem iron.

   Read more: Why iron is such an important part of your diet

Long-term vegans will also need to keep an eye on levels of vitamin D, omega-3 fat and protein.

A good strategy is to check in with your GP periodically to review your health and well-being, and an accredited practising dietitian can check whether you're getting all the nutrients you need.

Clare Collins is affiliated with the Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, the University of Newcastle, NSW. She is an NHMRC Senior Research and Gladys M Brawn Research Fellow. She has received research grants from NHMRC, ARC, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Meat and Livestock Australia, Diabetes Australia, Heart Foundation, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, nib foundation, Rijk Zwaan Australia and Greater Charitable Foundation. She has consulted to SHINE Australia, Novo Nordisk, Quality Bakers, the Sax Institute and the ABC. She was a team member conducting systematic reviews to inform the Australian Dietary Guidelines update and 2017 evidence review on dietary patterns for the Heart Foundation.
 Are you getting enough vitamin B12, calcium, iodine and iron? Here's what can happen if you don't get enough – and how to ensure you do. Clare Collins, Professor in Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Newcastle Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/94295 2018-05-24T20:04:03Z 2018-05-24T20:04:03Z Plain, Greek, low-fat? How to choose a healthy yoghurt

With all the different types of yogurt on offer, making a decision on which one to buy can be difficult. from shutterstock.com

Yoghurt is one of the oldest fermented dairy foods in the world. Its origins date back to the dawn of civilisation. When humans began domesticating animals for milk production, milk's short shelf life required solutions for storing it.

The word "yoghurt" itself comes from Turkish, meaning something like "curdled" or "thickened milk", which is pretty much what happens to milk during yoghurt production.

Like milk, yoghurt is a rich source of calcium and protein. And it provides other nutrients such as iodine, vitamins D, B2 and B12, and zinc.

But yoghurt is actually more nutritious than milk. The main reason is that the fermentation process makes it easier to digest, so the nutrients can be absorbed more easily into the body.

   Read more: From Bulgaria to East Asia, the making of Japan's yogurt culture

Yet with all the various types, like Greek and liquid yoghurts, and ones with added fruits and probiotics, how do you know which one is healthiest?

Making yoghurt

Yoghurt is made by introducing certain bacteria into fresh milk – typically Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.

Usually, both these bacteria are present in yoghurt and form the yoghurt starter culture. Their synergistic relationship is a key factor in the consistency of the final product. These cultures may also provide some health benefits, such as reducing the severity and duration of diarrhoea.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/217999/original/file-20180508-46364-gsqsl6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/217999/original/file-20180508-46364-gsqsl6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=397&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/217999/original/file-20180508-46364-gsqsl6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=397&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/217999/original/file-20180508-46364-gsqsl6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=397&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/217999/original/file-20180508-46364-gsqsl6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=499&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/217999/original/file-20180508-46364-gsqsl6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=499&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/217999/original/file-20180508-46364-gsqsl6.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=499&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Yoghurt is made by introducing a starter culture of bacteria into milk. Andrew Seaman/Flickr, CC BY

The bacteria ferment the naturally occurring milk sugar (lactose) for energy and growth. During this process, lactose becomes lactic acid. The acidity development leads to the main milk protein, casein, breaking down and losing some of its elementary structure.

This partial breakdown results in the semi-solid, gel-like structure we know as yoghurt. The lactic acid is also responsible for yoghurt's sour flavours, as well as helping it stay fresher for longer than milk.

What makes yoghurt healthy?

Yoghurt is easier to digest than milk because enzymes involved in the fermentation process break down substances, such as lactose, into smaller compounds, which can be readily absorbed and used by the body. And certain minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus and iron, are better used by the body when they come from yoghurt.

And because lactose is broken down and converted to lactic acid during fermentation, lactose-intolerant people can consume yoghurt without adverse effects.

Consuming yoghurt is associated with many health benefits, including maintaining a healthy microbiota (the colony of bacteria in your gut). Yoghurt can feed the good bacteria and help them fight against disease-causing microorganisms.

   Read more: Explainer: what is the gut microbiota and how does it affect mind and body?

Yoghurt consumption helps to maintain bone structure and has even been found to reduce the risk of certain cancers and infectious diseases, as it enhances the immune response. Yoghurt can help reduce symtpoms of conditions such as constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, infection with a bacterium that can damage the stomach lining (Helicobacter pylori), diarrhoeal diseases and some allergic reactions, such as to certain foods.

Types of yoghurt

Cow's milk is the most widely used raw ingredient for yoghurt manufacturing. But other types, such as sheep and goat milk yoghurt, are available. There are slight differences in the nutritional composition among these milk types.

Although cow's milk is generally more appealing (as goat and sheep milk may have unpleasant smells), the latter two may provide additional health benefits. For instance, goat's milk is easier to digest than cow's milk and is less likely to cause an allergic reaction.

Non-dairy alternatives such as soy and coconut milk yoghurt are becoming increasingly popular too.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/218004/original/file-20180508-46364-qvpfkx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/218004/original/file-20180508-46364-qvpfkx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218004/original/file-20180508-46364-qvpfkx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218004/original/file-20180508-46364-qvpfkx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218004/original/file-20180508-46364-qvpfkx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218004/original/file-20180508-46364-qvpfkx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218004/original/file-20180508-46364-qvpfkx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Goat's milk is easier to digest than cow's milk. from shutterstock.com

The most commonly known types of yoghurt are plain set yoghurt, flavoured yoghurt, Greek yoghurt, frozen yoghurt and drinking yoghurt.

Plain set yoghurt is usually made from dairy ingredients and fermented in the cups or tubs with no sugar or sweeteners.

Flavoured yoghurt is made by adding sugar and fruit or other flavourings to plain yoghurt. Often, the milk mixture is fermented in large vats, cooled and then stirred for a creamy texture with various fruits or other flavours. These stirred yoghurts are also known as Swiss-style yoghurts.

Greek yoghurt is a thick yoghurt. It's traditionally prepared by straining the water known as whey from plain yoghurt to make it thicker, richer and creamier. It contains more protein than regular yoghurt and has no added sugar.

Frozen yoghurt is frozen ice milk with a typical yoghurt flavour. It tastes more like ice-cream with a hint of yoghurt.

Drinking yoghurts are prepared from a yoghurt mix with reduced milk solids. They come in almost every variety and flavour. They're usually more watery, but some thick varieties are also available. Kefir and lassi are the popular drinking yoghurt types.

Added ingredients for health purposes

Many yoghurts contain added ingredients. These include cholesterol-lowering compounds (such as stanol and sterol esters) and fibre aimed at improving gut health.

Some yoghurts also have added probiotics. These are live microorganisms that can help establish a healthy gut microbiota. The most widely used probiotics are the acidophilus strain, known as Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium. These could be useful for people who have gastrointestinal problems such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Probiotics can be more effective when consumed in yoghurt than through capsules or other beverages.

   Read more: So you think you have IBS, coeliac disease or Crohn's? Here's what it might mean for you

The two bacteria in yoghurt starter culture – S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus – are not natural inhabitants of the intestine and cannot survive the acidic conditions and bile concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract. So they don't do much to change the microbiota in your gut. In contrast, probiotics can survive and colonise the large intestine.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/218012/original/file-20180508-46359-c4cs2i.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/218012/original/file-20180508-46359-c4cs2i.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218012/original/file-20180508-46359-c4cs2i.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218012/original/file-20180508-46359-c4cs2i.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218012/original/file-20180508-46359-c4cs2i.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218012/original/file-20180508-46359-c4cs2i.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218012/original/file-20180508-46359-c4cs2i.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 It's healthier to add your own fruit to yoghurt than to buy fruity yoghurt. Peter Hershey/Unsplash

Regular intake of yoghurt that contains microbial cultures such as probiotic acidophilus has also been found to potentially reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by helping to decrease cholesterol absorption.

Which yoghurt is better for you?

When whole milk is used to produce plain yoghurts, these may contain 3.5-4.4 grams of fat per 100g. Low-fat yoghurt contains less than 3g of fat per 100g, and non-fat or fat-free yoghurts must contain less than 0.15g fat per 100g.

High fat and high sugar in any food can lead to health problems. So, a low-fat and low-sugar yoghurt product, like a low-fat Greek yoghurt, would be ideal if you're looking to keep healthy.

Yoghurt products incorporating fruit or nuts can provide additional nutritional and health benefits, but many of these can also contain added sugar. Adding fresh fruit or nuts to a yoghurt yourself is a healthier option.

If you would like to have probiotic effects, you can choose a product with acidophilus or bifidobacteria.

You should check the product label as it is a legal requirement to list all the ingredients, cultures and nutritional information in commercial yoghurts. When it comes to probiotic yoghurts, it's always better to choose a fresh product rather than one closer to the expiry date, as probiotics die during storage.

Duane Mellor is a director, council member and spokesperson of the British Dietetic Association

Nenad Naumovski, Said Ajlouni, and Senaka Ranadheera do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 Consuming yoghurt is associated with many health benefits. But with all the varieties of yoghurt, and added ingredients like fruits and probiotics, it can be hard to know which is best for your health. Senaka Ranadheera, Tutor, University of Melbourne Duane Mellor, Senior Lecturer, Coventry University Nenad Naumovski, Asistant Professor in Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Canberra Said Ajlouni, Associate Professor, University of Melbourne Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/83589 2017-09-26T13:36:19Z 2017-09-26T13:36:19Z Most milk substitutes are low in iodine – here's why it matters

shutterstock Alexander Prokopenko/Shutterstock

Milk and dairy products are the main source of iodine in many diets, and an important iodine source in many countries. However, our latest research found that the iodine concentration of most alternatives to cows' milk – such as soy and almond "milk" – is very low. This matters because deficiency of iodine, especially during pregnancy, affects brain development and is linked to lower intelligence.

As people increasingly switch from cows' milk to alternative drinks, and their sales grow, we wanted to know if consumers of these products would be able to match the amount of iodine in cows' milk. To do this we measured the iodine concentration of 47 milk substitutes available in the UK, including a range of different types: soya, almond, oat, rice, coconut, hazelnut and hemp (but excluding those marketed for infants and children).

We found that most milk substitutes were naturally low in iodine; their concentration was around 2% of that of cows' milk. And only three of the 47 drinks were fortified with iodine. While some manufacturers replace the calcium found in cows' milk, the vast majority, including big brands, do not replace the iodine.

We are aware that consumers may choose these alternatives for a variety of reasons, including allergy or intolerance to cows' milk, so it is important that they are aware of the low iodine content of milk substitutes and the potential health consequences.

Iodine matters

Most people don't know that iodine is found in cows' milk and are unaware that they need a certain amount in their diet. In the UK, iodine is not listed on the nutrition information labels on milk containers, and there is little knowledge that iodine intake matters – even among pregnant women.

Cows' milk is an excellent source of iodine, with a glass (200g) providing around 70μg (micrograms), a considerable proportion of the 150μg iodine intake recommended for European adults every day. By contrast, our study found that a glass of milk substitute would provide only around two micrograms.

The drinks with added iodine (as stated on the ingredients label) provided a reasonable amount of iodine (between 45μg and 60μg per glass). But, as these drinks were not from a market leader, most consumers will probably not get enough iodine in their diet from this source.

Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy is well known to cause impaired brain development and lead to lower IQ in the infant. It is for that reason that many countries have added iodine to table salt (iodised salt) in order to improve iodine intake and reduce the impact of deficiency on population health. As a result, the number of countries with severe iodine deficiency has been reduced, but some countries are still classified as mildly-to-moderately iodine deficient.

But as our earlier research has shown, even mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women is linked to lower IQ and reading scores in their children, up to nine years of age.

Other dietary sources

Of course, milk is not the only source of iodine. Other rich sources include seafood – particularly white fish, such as cod. Eggs are also a good source of iodine.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/187213/original/file-20170922-17241-moeltf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/187213/original/file-20170922-17241-moeltf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/187213/original/file-20170922-17241-moeltf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/187213/original/file-20170922-17241-moeltf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/187213/original/file-20170922-17241-moeltf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/187213/original/file-20170922-17241-moeltf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/187213/original/file-20170922-17241-moeltf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Cod is a good source of iodine. TunedIn by Westend61/Shutterstock

For people who cannot or will not eat these alternative sources – such as vegans or those who dislike fish – it can be hard to meet the recommended iodine intake. Some people may therefore need to consider a suitable iodine supplement to ensure that their intake is adequate.

It is very important that kelp supplements – often sold as an iodine source in health food shops – are not used, as they can provide excessive amounts of iodine.

Unfortunately, there is no test for iodine deficiency. To know if you're getting enough iodine, you need to consider whether iodine sources are part of your diet. We have written a fact sheet on iodine, available through the British Dietetic Association, that can help you understand how to meet the recommendations.

Dr Sarah Bath has previously received funding from The Medical Research Council and lecture fees from the Dairy Council.

Margaret Rayman does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 The low iodine concentration in milk substitutes may mean consumers are at risk of iodine deficiency. Sarah Bath, Lecturer in Public Health Nutrition, University of Surrey Margaret Rayman, Professor of Nutritional Medicine, University of Surrey Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/76352 2017-04-21T04:44:35Z 2017-04-21T04:44:35Z Five ways to boost your nutrition before pregnancy

Women (and their partners) can give their baby the best start in life by eating well even before they conceive. from www.shutterstock.com

Thinking about trying to have a baby? Then now is the time for future mums (and dads) to "spring clean" food and lifestyle habits. Here are our five nutrition tips before pregnancy.

1. Aim for a healthy weight

In your 20s and 30s it's common to have "weight creep", an extra kilogram or two gained each year, without realising. Carrying too much weight increases the risk of pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and delivery complications. So, it's worth trying to shift some of the "extra kilos" before trying to conceive.

A mother's pre-pregnancy weight also has a direct effect on her baby's birth weight. Compared with mothers who are in the healthy weight range, mothers who are overweight or obese are 1.5-2 times more likely to have babies with a high birth weight, increasing the risk of birth complications. For these infants, there is an increased risk of developing obesity, heart disease and type 1 diabetes later in life.

But improving eating and physical activity helps you achieve a healthy weight right for you. For women carrying excess weight, a loss of 5-10% of pre-pregnancy weight is enough to improve fertility and reduce the risk of weight-related pregnancy complications.

2. Improve your food and drink choices

Increasing the variety of food you eat each week across the basic food groups – vegetables, fruit, wholegrains, vegetarian foods (including legumes like baked beans, kidney beans, lentils, eggs, nuts and seeds), lean meats/poultry/fish and dairy foods – also boosts the vitamins and minerals needed from the very beginning of pregnancy.

Start by assessing the quality of your diet using the free Healthy Eating Quiz and check how it suggests you boost your score. You can also use the eat-for-health calculator linked to the Australian Guide to Health Eating. This calculates recommended daily serves from each of the five basic food groups, and gives an idea of daily serves to aim for to optimise your nutrients.

Getting your nutrients from food in the first instance is recommended, but some nutrients do need extra attention before conception and early in pregnancy.

3. Take a folate supplement

Folate is a B-group vitamin. It is needed to complete the development of the neural tube, which forms the baby's brain and spinal cord in the first few weeks of pregnancy. This can be before you even know you're pregnant. If the neural tube doesn't close it can cause a neural tube defect like spina bifida.

Taking a folate supplement (in the form of folic acid) from one month before pregnancy until the end of the first trimester is the best way to make sure you meet folate requirements during early pregnancy.

Choose a supplement with at least 400 micrograms of folic acid. Talk to your doctor if you have a family history of neural tube defects as you will need higher levels of folic acid.

A folate supplement is in addition to eating good food sources of folate, like green leafy vegetables, fruits, lentils and breadmaking flour, most of which is fortified with folic acid in Australia). Organic breadmaking flour and most regular flour is not fortified, so check the ingredient list on flour you buy for home cooking.

4. Take an iodine supplement

In pregnancy, iodine is needed to support the baby's developing brain and nervous system. Good food sources of iodine include seafood, dairy foods, eggs and iodine fortified breadmaking flour (except for regular and organic flour).

Although seafood is high in iodine, some types such as shark and swordfish should be avoided before and during pregnancy as they may contain large amounts of mercury.

In Australia it is recommended that women planning to become pregnant, take an iodine supplement containing 150 micrograms of iodine daily and to continue this while pregnant or breastfeeding.

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about vitamin supplements to meet your needs. For more personal advice on nutrition consult an Accredited Practising Dietitian.

5. Avoid alcohol

All health authorities agree it is best to avoid alcohol from the time you start thinking about having a baby. There is no known safe level of alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol consumed in moderate-to-large quantities can cause foetal alcohol syndrome and increase the risk of having a baby preterm birth and of low birth weight, which increases the chance of the baby having medical problems. The risks to the baby at lower levels are less clear. The safest option is drinking no alcohol if you are pregnant, planning a pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Putting it all together

Now is the time to start make changes to improve the nutritional quality of your food. And it's not all about mum.

Dads-to-be can benefit from eating a variety of nutritious foods, cutting down on alcohol, and dropping a pants size. One study found that overweight men were 1.2 times and obese men were 1.3 times more likely to be infertile. But some good news in our study was that overweight and obese men who shed a few kilograms reported better erectile function.

Any improvements you make to your food and lifestyle habits today will benefit you and your family in the future.

Disclosure

Clare Collins is affiliated with the Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, the University of Newcastle, NSW. She is an NHMRC Senior Research fellow. She has received a range of research grants including NHMRC, ARC, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Meat and Livestock Australia, Diabetes Australia, the Heart Foundation. She has consulted to SHINE Australia, Novo Nordisk, Quality Bakers and the Sax Institute. She is a spokesperson for the Dietitians Association of Australia on some specific nutrition issues, including Australia's Healthy Weight Week.

Jenna Hollis is affiliated with the Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition and the Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, at the University of Newcastle (Australia). She is a Project Officer at Hunter New England Population Health. She has received an Endeavour Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the Department of Education and Training (Australian Government). She has also received funding from the Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and University of Newcastle, Australia.

Siân Robinson is supported by the UK Medical Research Council and by the National Institute for Health Research through the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre.
 Thinking about trying for a baby? Then now is the time for you and your partner to "spring clean" your food and lifestyle habits. Clare Collins, Professor in Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Newcastle Jenna Hollis, Conjoint Lecturer, University of Newcastle Siân Robinson, Professor of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Southampton Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/57942 2016-04-25T13:49:12Z 2016-04-25T13:49:12Z Forget Fukushima: Chernobyl still holds record as worst nuclear accident for public health
The 1986 Chernobyl and 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents both share the notorious distinction of attaining the highest accident rating on the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) scale of nuclear accidents. No other reactor incident has ever received this Level 7 "major accident" designation in the history of nuclear power. Chernobyl and Fukushima earned it because both involved core meltdowns that released significant amounts of radioactivity to their surroundings.

Both of these accidents involved evacuation of hundreds of thousands of residents. Both still have people waiting to return to their homes. And both left a legacy of large-scale radioactive contamination of the environment that will persist for years to come, despite ongoing cleanup efforts.

So the tendency is to think of these accidents as similar events that happened in different countries, 25 years apart.

But the IAEA scale isn't designed to measure public health impact. In terms of health ramifications, these two nuclear accidents were not even in the same league. While Fukushima involved radioactivity exposures to hundred of thousands of people, Chernobyl exposed hundreds of millions. And millions of those received substantially more exposure than the people of Fukushima.

On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the April 26, 1986 Chernobyl accident in Ukraine, we do well to reflect on the health burden it caused – and compare it with what we expect to see from Japan's Fukushima nuclear accident. As I report in my book "Strange Glow: The Story of Radiation," from a public health standpoint, there's really no comparison between the two events.

Higher doses of radiation, more health harm

Chernobyl was by far the worst reactor accident of all time. A total of 127 reactor workers, firemen and emergency personnel on site sustained radiation doses sufficient to cause radiation sickness (over 1,000 mSv); some received doses high enough to be lethal (over 5,000 mSv). Over the subsequent six months, 54 died from their radiation exposure. And it's been estimated that 22 of the 110,645 cleanup workers may have contracted fatal leukemias over the next 25 years.

In contrast, at Fukushima, there were no radiation doses high enough to produce radiation sickness, even among the reactor core workers. Two Fukushima workers who had leaky respirators received effective doses of 590 mSv and 640 mSv. That's above the Japanese occupational limit for conducting lifesaving rescue work (250 mSv), but still below the threshold for radiation sickness (1,000 mSv). Due to their exposure, the two workers' lifetime cancer risks will increase about 3 percent (from the 25 percent background cancer risk rate to about 28 percent), but they are unlikely to experience other health consequences.

Beyond just the plant workers, over 572 million people among 40 different countries got at least some exposure to Chernobyl radioactivity. (Neither the United States nor Japan was among the exposed countries.) It took two decades to fully assess the cancer consequences to these people. Finally, in 2006, an international team of scientists completed a comprehensive analysis of the dose and health data and reported on the cancer deaths that could be attributed to Chernobyl radioactivity.

Their detailed analysis included countrywide estimates of individual radiation doses in all 40 exposed countries, and regionwide estimates for the most highly contaminated regions of the most highly contaminated countries (Belarus, Russian Federation and Ukraine).

Using statistical models, the scientists predicted a total of 22,800 radiation-induced cancers, excluding thyroid cancers, among this group of 572 million people. Thyroid cancer warranted separate special scrutiny, as we will discuss presently; this hormonally important gland is uniquely affected by a specific radioactive isotope, iodine-131.

So that's 22,800 non-thyroid cancers in addition to the approximately 194 million cancer cases that would normally be expected in a population of that size, even in the absence of a Chernobyl accident. The increase from 194,000,000 to 194,022,800 is a 0.01 percent rise in the overall cancer rate. That's too small to have any measurable impact on the cancer incidence rates for any national cancer registries, so these predicted values will likely remain theoretical.

Chernobyl's iodine-131 thyroid effects far worse

Unfortunately, at Chernobyl, the one type of cancer that could have easily been prevented was not. The population surrounding Chernobyl was not warned that iodine-131 – a radioactive fission product that can enter the food chain – had contaminated milk and other locally produced agricultural products. Consequently, people ate iodine-131-contaminated food, resulting in thyroid cancers.

For the local population, iodine-131 exposure was a worst-case scenario because they were already suffering from an iodine-deficient diet; their iodine-starved thyroids sucked up any iodine that became available. This extremely unfortunate situation would not have happened in countries such as the United States or Japan, where diets are richer in iodine.

Thyroid cancer is rare, with a low background incidence compared to other cancers. So excess thyroid cancers due to iodine-131 can be more readily spotted in cancer registries. And this, in fact, has been the case for Chernobyl. Beginning five years after the accident, an increase in the rate of thyroid cancers started and continued rising over the following decades. Scientists estimate that there will ultimately be about 16,000 excess thyroid cancers produced as a result of iodine-131 exposure from Chernobyl.

At Fukushima, in contrast, there was much less iodine-131 exposure. The affected population was smaller, local people were advised to avoid local dairy products due to possible contamination and they did not have iodine-deficient diets.

Consequently, typical radiation doses to the thyroid were low. Iodine-131 uptake into the thyroids of exposed people was measured and the doses were estimated to average just 4.2 mSv for children and 3.5 mSv for adults – levels comparable to annual background radiation doses of approximately 3.0 mSv per year.

Contrast this to Chernobyl, where a significant proportion of the local population received thyroid doses in excess of 200 mSv – 50 times more – well high enough to see appreciable amounts of excess thyroid cancer. So at Fukushima, where iodine-131 doses approached background levels, we wouldn't expect thyroid cancer to present the problem that it did at Chernobyl.

Nevertheless, there has already been one report that claims there is an increase in thyroid cancer among Fukushima residents at just four years post-accident. That's earlier than would be expected based on the Chernobyl experience. And the study's design has been criticized as flawed for a number of scientific reasons, including the comparison methods used. Thus, this report of excess thyroid cancers must be considered suspect until better data arrive.

Chernobyl has no comparison

In short, Chernobyl is by far the worst nuclear power plant accident of all time. It was a totally human-made event – a "safety" test gone terribly awry – made worse by incompetent workers who did all the wrong things when attempting to avert a meltdown.

Fukushima in contrast, was an unfortunate natural disaster – caused by a tsunami that flooded reactor basements – and the workers acted responsibly to mitigate the damage despite loss of electrical power.

April 26, 1986 was the darkest day in the history of nuclear power. Thirty years later, there is no rival that comes even close to Chernobyl in terms of public health consequences; certainly not Fukushima. We must be vigilant to ensure nothing like Chernobyl ever happens again. We don't want to be "celebrating" any more anniversaries like this one.

Timothy J. Jorgensen does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 The meltdown at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986 exposed 572 million people to radiation. No other nuclear accident holds a candle to that level of public health impact. Timothy J. Jorgensen, Director of the Health Physics and Radiation Protection Graduate Program and Associate Professor of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/45914 2015-08-13T10:11:43Z 2015-08-13T10:11:43Z A simple daily pregnancy pill could boost population IQ and save the NHS money

Bottoms up Shutterstock

An estimated 1.9 billion people are at risk of iodine deficiency, a medical condition that can stunt your brain power. Iodine deficiency – which can be avoided by eating seafood, cereal and cow's milk (due to iodine in cattle feed) – doesn't just affect the developing world. Up to one-third of children in Europe are thought to need more iodine in their diets.

Because of this, some argue that we should add iodine to salt or provide it in pill-form to pregnant and breast-feeding women, who need even more of it than everyone else. But would the benefits really be worth the cost?

Iodine is a micronutrient that is essential for the thyroid to produce hormones that are crucial for normal brain and neurological development. If you don't get enough iodine when you're a child it can result in intellectual disability. A recent national survey demonstrated mild to moderate iodine deficiency in the UK and important observational evidence has linked mild to moderate iodine deficiency to lower IQ scores in UK school children.

Pregnant women need more

Pregnant and breast-feeding women in particular need higher levels of iodine because they produce more thyroid hormones, transfer more iodine to their foetus and in breastmilk, and lose more through urination. Yet an estimated two-thirds of pregnant women in Europe don't consume enough and regional surveys have confirmed mild to moderate iodine deficiency in UK pregnant women.

This is why the World Health Organisation advocates adding iodine to salt. However, European households are cutting the amount of salt they add to food (in the UK salt added to food represents only about 15% of all salt consumed).

An alternative solution is to give pregnant women iodine tablets. Indeed, many prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements already contain iodine. Yet there is no current UK guidance recommending iodine supplementation in pregnancy and the NHS-prescribed "Healthy Start" vitamins do not contain the nutrient.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/91572/original/image-20150812-18104-1pri0xv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/91572/original/image-20150812-18104-1pri0xv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=480&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/91572/original/image-20150812-18104-1pri0xv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=480&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/91572/original/image-20150812-18104-1pri0xv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=480&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/91572/original/image-20150812-18104-1pri0xv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=603&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/91572/original/image-20150812-18104-1pri0xv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=603&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/91572/original/image-20150812-18104-1pri0xv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=603&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Thyroid gland. Shutterstock

My colleagues and I recently examined how the costs of giving women iodine pills during pregnancy weighed against the benefits. We carried out a systematic review of the available evidence and then used that to build a mathematical model that calculated how much iodine pregnancy supplements would boost children's IQ ratings and the money this would save.

We found that giving iodine to pregnant women could potentially boost the IQ of their children by an average of 1.22 points. This might not seem very much on an individual basis, but across the whole population it would significantly raise the intellectual ability of a large number of children with special needs. Because these children's additional needs would be reduced, the policy would save the NHS an average of £199 per pregnant woman. Wider societal savings – such as better educational achievement leading to higher incomes in later life – were even higher, at about £4,476 per woman.

There are risks to iodine supplementation, namely thyroid dysfunction. However, we calculated the cost of this problem would need to be more than £91,000 per woman affected to cancel out the overall benefits.

Study limits

It is important to realise that the predictions are only as reliable as the studies that contributed data. We did not investigate whether iodine supplements in pregnancy boost a child's IQ ourselves but assumed the fact based on previous observational research. While there is compelling evidence that iodine supplementation improves child IQ in areas of severe iodine deficiency, there is currently no trial evidence for mild-to-moderate deficient populations. However, we took a conservative approach to estimating the benefits and overestimated the potential harms, meaning the IQ and cost gains may be even greater than predicted.

Iodine tablets do have their drawbacks. Pregnancy supplements often do not reach poorer, less educated women (unlike adding nutrients to salt). And as most women only become aware they are pregnant several months after conception, they are unlikely to take tablets during the early stages when the developing fetal brain is especially vulnerable.

Overall, our study has to be considered alongside other research but it provides compelling evidence that iodine supplementation for pregnant women in the UK is potentially cost saving. And, importantly, it has implications for the 1.9 billion people in the 32 countries with iodine deficiency worldwide.

Kristien Boelaert ne travaille pas, ne conseille pas, ne possède pas de parts, ne reçoit pas de fonds d'une organisation qui pourrait tirer profit de cet article, et n'a déclaré aucune autre affiliation que son poste universitaire.
 New research into iodine tablets suggests the case for giving them to all pregnant women is compelling. Kristien Boelaert, Reader in Endocrinology, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/14996 2013-06-18T20:41:12Z 2013-06-18T20:41:12Z Lack of dietary iodine threatens brain development in children

Pregnant and breast-feeding women have iodine needs that are 50% higher than the general population. Teza Harinaivo Ramiandrisoa

Iodine is naturally present in a range of food, especially seaweed and fish. So it may seem odd that the people of an island nation (most of whom live along its vast coastline) are not getting enough of this vital mineral.

Insufficient iodine causes a range of problems including hypothyroidism (which can also be caused by too much of the mineral), high cholesterol, lethargy, fatigue and depression. But its most insidious impact is on brain development, and therefore, on children.

Research recently completed in Adelaide shows that our primary attempt to address iodine shortage (by requiring the use of iodised salt in bread) is failing to provide pregnant women with enough of the mineral.

This is just the latest in a growing body of recent research that should act as a public health wake-up call about our need for adequate iodine, especially during pregnancy, breast-feeding and childhood.

A prospective study from Tasmania has shown that children of mothers with mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy have reduced educational outcomes by the time they are eight or nine (decreased NAPLAN performance of up to 10%).

And a similar study from the United Kingdom, published in the Lancet, has provided convincing evidence that mild maternal iodine deficiency results in decreased IQ in children by the age of eight.

Growth and development

Iodine deficiency is considered by the World Health Organization to be "the single most important preventable cause of brain damage" worldwide.

But Australia's public health programs have a primary focus on the prevention of excessive weight and obesity in children. They don't address micronutrient deficiencies and other nutrition issues.

In its most drastic forms, severe iodine deficiency in pregnancy results in cretinism and mental retardation. Studies in China indicate that iodine deficiency results in a population-level loss of intelligence in children up to the magnitude of about 13 IQ points.

Iodine is essential for human growth and development, as the thyroid gland depends on it for the production of hormones. These hormones play an essential role in regulating your metabolism.

Programs to address iodine deficiency were first introduced in Australia in the 1950s. These included the introduction of iodised salt and supplementation through medical practitioners. But they were stopped when communities were considered to be iodine sufficient in the 1980s.

Until the early 1990s, iodine was supplied to Australians mainly via milk through the use of iodised cleaning agents in the dairy industry. But then the cleaning agents changed and iodine deficiency returned.

A national study of schoolchildren published in 2006 identified mild to moderate iodine deficiency in some states. To address this, a mandatory iodisation was started in Australia and New Zealand in late 2009.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/25759/original/xtg6d7w6-1371538000.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/25759/original/xtg6d7w6-1371538000.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/25759/original/xtg6d7w6-1371538000.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/25759/original/xtg6d7w6-1371538000.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/25759/original/xtg6d7w6-1371538000.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/25759/original/xtg6d7w6-1371538000.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/25759/original/xtg6d7w6-1371538000.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism. Wen-Yan King

All bread-making flour, except organic breads, were to contain iodine. Early reports have shown improvements in children since introduction of fortification. This is good news, but clearly not enough for prospective mothers.

Pregnant and breast-feeding women have iodine needs that are 50% higher than the general population. Our survey of pregnant women three years after iodine was added to bread also found that they would be unable to obtain adequate iodine from their diets, even when it included fortified bread.

A balancing act

Authorities needed to balance the iodine requirements of children with avoiding excess intake across the population before fortifying food with iodine. This dilemma led the National Health and Medical Research Council to recommend iodine supplementation of 150 ug/day for pregnant and breast-feeding women.

But four in ten women are still not taking recommended iodine supplements during their pregnancy. Breast-feeding women are also generally iodine deficient unless they are taking supplements.

Women have been poorly informed about the importance of iodine for development of their baby. Our research shows they perceive the nutritional advice provided by their doctors to be insufficient.

In May 2013, updated clinical guidelines on antenatal care were published by the Department of Health and Ageing. They recommend nutritional supplementation of 150 ug iodine every day throughout pregnancy.

New models of antenatal care will be required to implement these guidelines. Government actions could include: - provision of free nutritional supplements to women during pregnancy, under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, - improved information about optimal dietary and supplemental iodine intakes for women of reproductive age and - better training of health professionals on the need for adequate iodine intakes.

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy appears to have been overlooked as a preventable cause of developmental delay in young children. Even subtle cognitive changes may affect school attainment, examination grades, and employment opportunities further down the track.

At the population level, a one-point increase in a nation's average IQ has been associated with a persistent 0.11% annual increase in gross domestic product per capita.

Pregnant and breast-feeding women need to know about the importance of iodine supplements so that their children are not disadvantaged.

Heather Yeatman is President of the Public Health Association of Australia, and she chairs the Consumer and Public Health Dialogue of FSANZ.

Karen Charlton does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 Iodine is naturally present in a range of food, especially seaweed and fish. So it may seem odd that the people of an island nation (most of whom live along its vast coastline) are not getting enough of… Heather Yeatman, Associate Professor in School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong Karen Charlton, Associate Professor in School of Health Sciences , University of Wollongong Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives.


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Baby Shower Blessing Dress
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Before you help to welcome a new little angel into the world, give her mom a Baby Shower Blessing Dress at the baby shower. Learn how to make a baby dress in a pretty white fabric. This simple, classic baby dress pattern will look adorable on the little princess. Make a baby's blessing or baptism special with this pretty dress. Follow the simple sewing pattern to make this dress her mom will love. Welcome her into the world with beauty and grace when she wears her first pretty dress.
Estimated Cost$11-$20
Time to CompleteWeekend project
Primary TechniqueSewing
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We rise by lifting others. - Robert Ingersoll
True story, Robert.
@steemaniacs will exactly try to do that: push others.
What is @steemaniacs about?
During the past months thousands of new users have joined steemit.
As it naturally happens when you are new to a place, you have uncountable questions. Some of them get answered, others don't.
Compared to other social networks, steemit is quite complex.
Steem is supposed to be a "gateway currency" into the crypto market.
On steemit a lot of people are getting in touch with "digital money" for the very first time in their lives. It's a completely new and (yes) strange world.
But that is still not enough!
Besides the complexity of the currency behind, the blogger's network likewise has its own characteristics and rules. The fact that social interaction is rewarded monetarily on steemit is actually just the tip of the iceberg.
So there are infinite things to learn!
@steemaniacs will provide a helping hand to new steemit users, vote for their first articles and show them some tips and tricks on how to improve their blogging success
As long as the @steemaniacs account still doesn't have much voting power, the upvotes on the newbie's content will be given by @surfermarly's account.
@surfermarly's motivation to create @steemaniacs:
When I started blogging on steemit in July 2016 I had absolutely no idea about what I was doing. It would have been brilliant having somebody coaching me back then. Now that I have gained a lot of knowledge about steemit on my own, I'd very much like to share it with others and help them to have an easier start than I had. steemit is a community project, and in the end it's all about having a good time together. During the past months a lot of users have sent me links to their articles asking for help. That was precisely what inspired me to launch this project. It's called @steemaniacs since most people who have spent a lot of time here have become a bit crazy about the platform in a positive way. Yes, steemit is addictive in the best sense possible. So I hope many more will join the party in the future and become STEEMANIACS, too.
The Voting Power of this account will exclusively be used to push new users with relatively small stakes, so we hope to get some smart upvotes in order to give them away.
Let's start NOW, steemaniacs: Feel free to post links to articles you want us to vote for and look at in the comments section of this post!
We will be posting (at least) weekly updates on our doings and give as much people as possible the chance to enjoy our coaching and support.
We will read the articles you share with us, but also have a look at the "bigger picture" (your blog, your tagging, your introduction posts, your profile presentation, etc.).
The coaching will happen on the blockchain. No private messaging and no hidden information. We will share all the knowledge in public, making it available for as much people as possible.
Premise: Hidden knowledge is of no value.
Let's do it!
All for one and one for all.
PS: If you like the idea of this project, feel free to support it with your upvotes, resteems or even a little donation. As previously said this program is exclusively dedicated to help the smaller steemit accounts to grow. Thank you!
Quotes found on pinterest.com, lifehack.org and piapp.co.


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Custom-Made, Collective Artists, Inertia, triple j
Ali Barter 'Hello, I'm Doing My Best' Album Tour
Event Details
with support from Alana Jagt
Two years on from her blistering debut A Suitable Girl, Ali Barter has announced her triumphant return with Hello, I'm Doing My Best - a revealing collection of songs that track her most formative relationships: to her body, her instincts, sobriety and the old vices it counteracts, and the people she loves most.
Hello, I'm Doing My Best is set for release on October 18, via Inertia Music / [PIAS], Today Ali also revealed her first ever love song with, 'Backseat' which premiered with triple j and the announcement of her album tour dates later this year . You can pre-order the album and lock in your tickets via alibartermusic.com.
Hello, I'm Doing My Best follows Barter's 2017 debut LP A Suitable Girl. A record that, by all accounts was critically and popularly acclaimed. Tone Deaf touted it as "an album that struck a nerve with Australia", while Sydney Morning Herald backed her as a "star on the rise". Ali Barter, however, wasn't so sure. "The first record came out and for some reason I rejected it," she says, listing the complaints she found with her own work: "it's too polished and my voice is too high" being at the top of the list. Overcome with self-doubt, Barter pushed herself away from music, determined to never write another song.
But in the winter, a few months after the record's release, she went out of town to clear her head, with her guitar for company. "Stuff started coming up and I couldn't push it down," she says, and despite feeling like she "wasn't ready" for what these songs were saying, her and Dawson went about recording and testing the limits of her surprising new songs. She heard something in them she'd realised she didn't need to fight anymore. "When we demoed them up, I was like, Oh, there I am. The thing I was pushing against was me"
Hello I'm Doing My Best is a sentiment most can relate to, and therein lies the undeniable pull of Ali Barter's output. From her breakout single 'Girlie Bits' to recent cut 'Ur A Piece Of Shit' Barter spins sobering honesty through sugary pop songs, like a one-two punch of staunch self assurance and touching vulnerability, in a way that is so uniquely her own. On her method, Barter explains "I really connect to the idea that you can say something really controversial, but if you say it in a nice way people are more likely to listen to it."
Since winning the triple j Unearthed competition and releasing her debut album A Suitable Girl in 2017, the former choir girl has enjoyed support at home from triple j, FBi Radio, The Australian, Rolling Stone and Tone Deaf, while further afield, Beats 1, Clash and The 405 have all thrown support behind the unconventional pop star.
Barter has toured relentlessly, completing two sold out headline tours, countless festival slots and supported The Rubens, The War On Drugs, The Jezabels, Stevie Nicks, The Preatures, Chrissie Hynde and personal hero, Liz Phair.
Hello, I'm Doing My Best is out October 18 on Inertia Music / [PIAS] . Pre order it at alibartermusic.com..
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On giving it more thought there was probably a "❤" graphic after the "Jesus in her" so the sentence parses a little better. Already hit the "not interested" button so not gonna try to find it to confirm.
Server run by the main developers of the project It is not focused on any particular niche interest - everyone is welcome as long as you follow our code of conduct!


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According to ArcView Market Research, legal marijuana sales must be more than double by 2020 and shift from $7.4 billion in sales in 2016 to $20.6 billion in 2020. Considering this growth forecast it is clear that start a marijuana business, Start a Marijuana Delivery Service or starting a medical marijuana dispensary in Michigan, Massachusetts, California, Florida, Arizona, Washington state, Chicago, Oregon, Illinois could be profitable in the near future.
After settling on a name, you must prepare and file "articles of organization" with your state's LLC filing office. While most states use the term "articles of organization" to refer to the basic document required to create an LLC, some states call it a "certificate of formation" or "certificate of organization." To learn about the specific requirements of forming an LLC in your state, choose your state from the list below:
Decide if your LLC will be member-managed or manager-managed. A "member" of an LLC is either an owner of or investor in that LLC. A member-managed LLC affords each member equal rights in deciding how the business will be run. A manager-managed LLC is where the members elect several from their number to be responsible for the company's business affairs.
An LLC that does not want to accept its default federal tax classification, or that wishes to change its classification, uses Form 8832, Entity Classification Election (PDF), to elect how it will be classified for federal tax purposes. Generally, an election specifying an LLC's classification cannot take effect more than 75 days prior to the date the election is filed, nor can it take effect later than 12 months after the date the election is filed. An LLC may be eligible for late election relief in certain circumstances. See About Form 8832, Entity Classification Election for more information.
The articles of organization also should include information about how your LLC will be managed. You need to indicate whether the members of the LLC will do hands-on management or if there will be hired management. Another requirement is to discuss how long the LLC will be in existence (there is no limit on this, so it is fine to say in perpetuity).
Public Limited Company: Liability, limited by shares; Name, cannot be deceptively similar to another registered company; Management, at least 3 directors; Shareholders, minimum 7, no maximum, share subscription by public pursuant to a prospectus that complies with Companies Act of 2007 and Securities Act; a Private Limited Company can convert to Public Limited Company by complying with Companies Act of 2007; Founders, minimum 7; Nationality, Nepalese company; Company purpose, any lawful purpose except industry on Negative List; Formation, file Memorandum and Articles of Association with Registrar of Companies.


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Palm Trees is a painting by Angeles M Pomata which was uploaded on July 31st, 2014.
More from Angeles M Pomata
Comments (18)
Thank you so much to the collector from Saratoga Springs (UT) that just purchased a print of "Palm Trees". I hope you'll enjoy it!! :)) 😊🌹
Thank you so much, Paul!! :))
Oh, what a marvelous painting this is, my dear friend!!!! These palm trees are just fabulous!!!! :)))vf
Thank you so very much, my dear Laurie!! I truly appreciate it. :))
Excellent detail and Sooo Beautiful work Angeles ! l/f/t
Huge thanks, dear Rosita!! Very much appreciated. :))
Angeles, this is an awesome piece of artwork - beautiful. f/l
Thank you so much for your lovely comment, Cindy!! You are so kind. :))
Angeles, this is beautiful. f/l
Thank you so much, Cindy!! :)
Wonderful work and realism! FV
Thank you so much, Jim!
Congratulations! Your inspirational work has been featured in the "Imagination-Artistry-Creativity" group. LF! You are welcome to archive this image in: Feature Archive & Thank You Thread
Thank you so much for the feature, Johanna!! I very much appreciate it. :)
Wonderful painting! LF
Thank you so much, Johanna!!
Excellent detail and beautiful painting. This would make a great beach towel as well as a print for the wall.
Thank you so much for your comment and promotion, Sharon!! :)
Great painting, Angeles! Love the leaves details! L/F
Thank you very much, Leonardo!!
This is superbly painted...Palm trees, in my opinion, are very difficult to paint well, but you accomplished this very well...like everybody else who has commented on this, I really like it.
Thank so much for your kind comment, Douglas!!
Very beautiful piece, favorite
Thank you very much for your comment and favorite, Alan!
Congratulation on sale announcement and great.
Thank you very much, Nandika!
Pomata, Congratulations on your recent sale !
Thank you very much, Jeannie!
Wow, exquisite painting! Amazing detail work and excellent composition and presentation!
Thanks a lot for your lovely comment, Lori, I sincerely appreciate it. Your artwork is excellent!!


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Episode 2
From St George's Bristol, Robert Plane (clarinet), Daniel Tong (piano) in Schumann: Fantasiestucke. Plus the Gould Piano Trio and David Adams (viola) in Brahms: Piano Quartet in A.
Chamber works by Schumann and Brahms in a series curated by pianist Daniel Tong at St. George's, Bristol. Daniel Tong accompanies Robert Plane in Schumann?s fantasy pieces for clarinet and piano, and the Gould Piano Trio are joined by violist David Adams for Brahms? most lyrical piano quartet.
Schumann: Fantasiestücke for clarinet and piano, Op 73
Robert Plane (clarinet) , Daniel Tong (piano)
Brahms: Piano Quartet in A major Op 26
Gould Piano Trio (Lucy Gould (violin), Alice Neary (cello), Benjamin Frith (piano) )
with David Adams (viola).
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The Wireless Mapper app provides information about all WiFi and cellular signals your phone can detect. You can then save a "pin" at your location to save information about all these signals. Pins can be viewed on a map powered by Google or exported to a spreadsheet-friendly format.
Perfect for analysis of signal strength, whether as a science project or in a technical capacity.
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