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A mini review of xylanolytic enzymes with regards to their synergistic interactions during hetero-xylan degradation
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This review examines the recent models describing the mode of action of various xylanolytic enzymes and how these enzymes can be applied (sequentially or simultaneously) with their distinctive roles in mind to achieve efficient xylan degradation. With respect to homeosynergy, synergism appears to be as a result of β-xylanase and/or oligosaccharide reducing-end β-xylanase liberating xylo-oligomers (XOS) that are preferred substrates of the processive β-xylosidase. With regards to hetero-synergism, two cross relationships appear to exist and seem to be the reason for synergism between the enzymes during xylan degradation. These cross relations are the debranching enzymes such as α-glucuronidase or side-chain cleaving enzymes such as carbohydrate esterases (CE) removing decorations that would have hindered back-bone-cleaving enzymes, while backbone-cleaving-enzymes liberate XOS that are preferred substrates of the debranching and side-chain-cleaving enzymes. This interaction is demonstrated by high yields in co-production of xylan substituents such as arabinose, glucuronic acid and ferulic acid, and XOS. Finally, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) have also been implicated in boosting whole lignocellulosic biomass or insoluble xylan degradation by glycoside hydrolases (GH) by possibly disrupting entangled xylan residues. Since it has been observed that the same enzyme (same Enzyme Commission, EC, classification) from different GH or CE and/or AA families can display different synergistic interactions with other enzymes due to different substrate specificities and properties, in this review, we propose an approach of enzyme selection (and mode of application thereof) during xylan degradation, as this can improve the economic viability of the degradation of xylan for producing precursors of value added products.
KeywordsCarbohydrate esterases Degradation Glycoside hydrolases Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase Synergy Xylan
Auxiliary activity
- Abf
- Agu
Acetyl xylan esterase
- AXH-d
Doubly substituted L-Araf specific α-arabinofuranosidase
- AXH-m
Mono-substituted L-Araf specific α-arabinofuranosidase
- CAZy
Carbohydrate active enzyme database
- CAZyme
Carbohydrate-active enzyme
Carbohydrate esterase
Degree of synergy
Enzyme commission number
Ferulic acid
Feruloyl esterase
Glucuronoyl esterase
Glycoside hydrolase
Lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenase
- Rex
Oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase
Reducing sugar(s)
- Xyn
- Xyl
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors report no further conflicts of interest. The authors are responsible for the content and writing of this article and are grateful for financial support from the National Research Foundation (NRF) and Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and therefore the NRF does not accept any liability in regard thereto.
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American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
Denosumab for Reducing Risk of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women - Medicine by the ...
May 1, 2019 - Denosumab appears to be effective in reducing the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Treatment with denosumab does not increase the risk of cancer or death but might increase the risk of infection. However, more studies are required.
American Family Physician : Medicine by the Numbers
Deprescribing Is an Essential Part of Good Prescribing - Editorials - American Family ...
Jan 1, 2019 - There are four important medication issues to discuss with patients as they get older. Find out more and learn the five steps to individualize deprescribing practices for each patient.
American Family Physician : Editorials
Edoxaban (Savaysa) for the Prevention of Thromboembolic Events - STEPS - American ...
Apr 15, 2018 - Edoxaban is an alternative to warfarin and other oral anticoagulants for the prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
American Family Physician : STEPS
Effect of Dietary Changes on IBS Symptoms - FPIN's Help Desk Answers - American Family ...
Sep 1, 2018 - A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FOD-MAPs) decreases IBS symptoms and improves quality of life compared with usual diet.
American Family Physician : FPIN's Help Desk Answers
Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines - FPIN's Help Desk Answers - American Family ...
May 1, 2018 - The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23; Pneumovax 23) decreases the relative risk of community-acquired pneumonia in adults by 13%. The risk is reduced by 28% in the population that includes adults older than 65 years, those with lung disease, and those living in a ...
American Family Physician : FPIN's Help Desk Answers
Evaluating Benefits and Harms of Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation -...
Dec 15, 2018 - In patients with NVAF, anticoagulants decrease the risk of stroke by approximately 60%. However, they also significantly increase the risk of a major bleeding event or intracranial hemorrhage.
American Family Physician : Point-of-Care Guides
Geriatric Assessment: An Office-Based Approach - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2018 - Family physicians should be proficient in geriatric assessment because, as society ages, older adults will constitute an increasing proportion of patients. Geriatric assessment evaluates medical, social, and environmental factors that influence overall well-being, and addresses ...
American Family Physician : Article
Health Maintenance in Postmenopausal Women - American Family Physician
May 1, 2017 - Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in postmenopausal women older than 50 years. Clinicians should use the pooled cohort risk assessment equations or another risk calculator every three to five years to estimate a woman's 10-year risk of atherosclerotic ...
American Family Physician : Article
Health Maintenance in School-Aged Children: Part I. History, Physical Examination, ...
Aug 15, 2019 - The goals of the health maintenance visit in school-aged children (five to 12 years) are promoting health, detecting disease, and counseling to prevent injury and future health problems. During the visit, the physician should address patient and parent/caregiver concerns and ask about ...
American Family Physician : Article
Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal ...
Oct 1, 2018 - No benefit was observed in postmenopausal women receiving hormone therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Find out more.
American Family Physician : Medicine by the Numbers
How Family Physicians Can Combat the Opioid Epidemic - Editorials - American Family ...
Sep 15, 2017 - Family physicians must commit to responsible prescribing of opioid medications. The decision to initiate opioid therapy should be a careful and deliberate one, especially in patients who are at risk of addiction.
American Family Physician : Editorials
HPV Vaccine for Prevention of High-Grade Precancerous Cervical Lesions - Medicine by ...
Apr 1, 2019 - Data suggest the benefits of HPV vaccination for reducing precancerous lesions outweigh the potential harms. Find out more.
American Family Physician : Medicine by the Numbers
Hyperlipidemia: Drugs for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Adults - American Family ...
Jan 15, 2017 - Guidelines from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and the U.K. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) indicate that lipid-lowering drugs have benefit for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ...
American Family Physician : Article

subset: commoncrawl


text:
1 Maccabees 5:30
30 And when it was morning they lifted up their eyesa, and behold (there was) a great multitude bwhich could not be numberedb, bearing ladders and engines (of war), to take the strongholdc; and they were fighting against them (that were in the stronghold).
indicates that the word or words so enclosed or printed are supplied for the sake of clearness.
A service of Faithlife / Logos Bible Software


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Hocus Pocus Embossed Purse By Lisa Parker 18.5cm PRE ORDER
Please be aware this is a pre-order. The products will be shipped to you once they become available. Stock Due Date: Approx 23/12/2019 (Stock due dates are only an approximate guide and can vary due to supplier)
From the untamed imagination of Lisa Parker, this embossed Purse is available exclusively through the Nemesis Now range. Not just your ordinary moggy this Blue Point Siamese wears a red collar, decorated with a triquetra talisman. Sat in front of a window, looking out over the night sky, this familiar has a crystal wand grasped firmly between her small fangs. A spell book sits open in front of her while potion-filled jars and bottles sit around her. Bright blue eyes staring straight ahead as she casts a spell causing green spirals of energy floating from the end of the wand. The beautiful embossed detailing enhances the magic and creates a striking 3D effect while the large compartments make it a wonderfully practical piece.
Material: PU (Artificial Leather)
From the magical mind of Lisa Parker.
Featuring her Hocus Pocus artwork.
Spacious and stylish.
Multiple slots for cards and coins.
**Currency converter available in the top right hand corner of the website (just click on it and scroll down to your country). The currency converter will take you as far as checkout, but the checkout only accepts GBP currency, while you can change the currency on the website so you know how much your order will be, the amount taken will always be in GBP only.**


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With 25 years of experience in the lending industry and a native Nevadan, I am dedicated to continuing my education to keep current on new products as they become available in the local market.
Always keeping my clients' needs in mind, customer service is my top priority. You can be assured you will receive regular communication from me during all phases of your mortgage. With my knowledge and commitment to service, I am confident that I can find the perfect loan for you and provide you with a positive mortgage experience.
Women have come a long way in the last few decades, especially in terms of financial independen…View More
You share the covers, the household chores, and even the television remote with your significan…View More
In late 2008, a little company you may have heard about was introduced: Airbnb. Over the decade…View More


text:
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text: Miss Etoile Eyes Closed Stripe Mug Set Miss Etoile Eyes Closed Stripe Mug Set Previous image Next image 1 of 1 Zoom Previous thumbnail Next thumbnail 1 of 1 £20.00 sku TPMEECSMS0119 | Net weight: Miss Etoile Eyes Closed Stripe Mug Set Qty Out of stock Your email Notify me when in stock Free UK Delivery on orders over £15 UK Standard £3.95, UK Express (1-2 working days) £6.95 - Click for Terms and Conditions Part of Miss Etoile's iconic closed eyes collection, this quirky mug set is the ideal gift for any tea/coffee lover! Featuring a chic monochrome design with delicate gold detailing, the set includes two stackable mugs and a removable black saucer perfect for holding your biscuits or teabags! Delivery information FREE delivery on UK orders over £35.00 £3.95 UK orders under £15 - Delivered 3-5 working days £6.95 UK Express - Delivery guaranteed within 2 working days International orders are calculated based on country and weight and charged at cost - Delivered within 20 working days More about the Product Dimensions Height = 11cm Diameter = 10cm Top Cup Capacity = 200ml Bottom Mug Capacity = 300ml Material and Care Instructions Ceramic. Handwash only - hand wash in hot soapy water and leave to dry to avoid fading the design. About Miss Étoile Miss Étoile is a Danish home decor company founded in November 2008 and located in the heart of Copenhagen. All products in Miss Étoile's collections are carefully and thoughtfully designed. Miss Etoile is built around a creative, feminine and quirky universe with great attention to detail and personality. The collections are always filled with soft pastels that combined with the black line it gives a unique look. The products are affordable and follow the styles; French, feminine, Art deco and elegant styles. Recommended For You 1 2 3 4 5 Rated 5 based on 0 reviews Miss Etoile Eyes Teapot £38.00 each The brilliantly white ceramic Miss Etoile Eyes and Dots teapot is beautifully crafted from ceramic and decorated with a distinctive feminine face with blush pink cheeks and enhanced with black dots and gold accents. Miss Etoile Thermos Bottle - Enjoy £20.00 each This thermos flask is beautifully designed by Miss Etoile and decorated with black and white zig zags and emblazoned with the word 'Enjoy' in the centre. 1 2 3 4 5 Rated 5 based on 0 reviews Miss Etoile Open Eyes Teapot £36.00 each Beautifully crafted from crisp white ceramic and decorated with a charming feminine face design. Place it on your afternoon tea table for a fabulous and fresh new look and feel. Miss Etoile Bird & Stripes Cup & Saucer £20.00 each Enjoy your tea in this stylish cup & saucer from Miss Etoile's new Bird & Stripes collection. https://www.twinings.co.uk/teaware/teaware-favourites/miss-etoile-eyes-closed-stripe-mug-set TPMEECSMS0119 Miss Etoile Eyes Closed Stripe Mug Set https://www.twinings.co.uk/TwiningsUKI/media/product/TPMEECSMS0119/Miss-Etoile-Eyes-Closed-Stripe-Mug-Set.png £20.00 GBP OutOfStock /Teaware/Miss-Etoile /Teaware/Teaware-Favourites /Teaware/Mugs Part of Miss Etoile's iconic closed eyes collection, this quirky mug set is the ideal gift for any tea/coffee lover! £20.00 0 3996


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dotNET Weekly
Add a link
Mediator Pattern C#
by bill-s, 2019-11-19T17:34:53.661Z
The Mediator pattern in C# enables objects to communicate, without knowing each other's identities. It also encapsulates a protocol that objects can follow. You can think of a Mediator object as a kind of a coordinator; that handles traffic between appropriate parties based on its own logic. Mediator promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly, and it lets you vary their interaction independently.
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text: CLUB NEWS Pritchard Talks about 200th NRL Game Author bulldogs.com.au Timestamp Fri 10 May 2013, 04:43 PM Share on social media Share via Facebook Share via Twiiter Share via Whats-app Share via Reddit Share via Email Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs Second-Rower Frank Pritchard will travel back to his home country in round 9 to take on the New Zealand Warriors in Wellington in his 200th NRL Game. Bulldogs TV caught up with Frank to bring you a special report. Related / NRL News NRL News ARLC pushed for captain's challenge after fan feedback 2 days ago Nines NRL Nines 2020 draw launched in Perth 2 days ago Welfare & Education Seven pups head to NRL Rookie Camp 2 days ago Club News Bulldogs 2020 pre-season trial dates 3 days ago Club News CEO Andrew Hill appointed to Touch Football Australia Board 1 week ago


text:
Just the other day we had told
you that the year 2015 is a very special year for the legendary Yamaha VMAX as
it celebrates its 30-year anniversary. To mark the special occasion Yamaha has
formed a new collaboration in the Yard Built world with cult German builder
JvB-moto to create a fitting tribute to the iconic VMAX. And boy, what a look,
the VMAX has donned!
The Cologne based custom
builder is a long-time fan of the VMAX, and credits the machine as one of the
sparks that ignited his passion in motorcycles at the age of 15 in 1985.
Despite not being available in Germany at the time due to its outrageous power
it has inspired JvB-moto's Jens vom Brauck to this day, where he has finally
had the opportunity to pour that passion into this stunning creation.
JvB-moto's vision for the VMAX
Yard Built special was to transfer the stock VMAX into a radical dragster meets
café racer concept, exaggerating the brutal power for all to see. A second key
element in the design is a tribute to the 30-year history of the machine,
encapsulating elements from the first roll out of the bike in 1985.
Starting at the front end, a
custom-made aluminium mudguard sits below a JvB-moto signature style custom
carbon fibre headlight unit integrated into the front forks and Motogadget
indicators above custom carbon wheel covers. Modified aftermarket clip-on bars
add the café racer element and the rider looks down on an authentic American
dragster rev counter by Autometer.
A beautiful custom carbon tank
cover sits over a heavily modified airbox and electrics and is complemented by
special air intake scoops crafted from stock aluminium units taken from the
original 80's VMAX.
The stunning craftsmanship continues with a handmade aluminium subframe crafted from bits of the stock unit and a custom fuel tank placed under the seat, also made from aluminium and holding the same fuel as the standard tank for an unspoiled riding experience.
The rear is beautifully finished with another JvB-moto signature piece, a custom carbon tail unit, handmade by Jens. A bike that looks this good needs the right sound and this machine doesn't disappoint. The exhaust system is modified with a custom 4-1 collector and finished with a growling Termignoni silencer.
Last but by no means least is a beautiful paint job. Again reflecting the history of the bike, and of Yamaha, JvB-moto chose a retro colour scheme based on the livery of Yamaha's 1985 GP team for real authenticity.
Every custom aluminium and carbon part on this Yard Built special was handmade by JvB-moto, perfectly blending the VMAX story with the German builder's signature style. The Yard Built 'INFRARED' pays homage to the origins of the VMAX, it's as simple as that!
Japanese manufacturer of car infotainment Pioneer India has launched DMH-Z5290BT, a high-end car infotainment system, packed with dozens of features.
Apollo Tyres has introduced the all-terrain tyres, Apollo Apterra AT2, for SUV enthusiasts. This all-terrain tyre complements Apollo's existing Apterra range including specialised Highway Luxury (HL),...
Roav by Anker Innovations has introduced its advanced entry level 'Dashcam A0' in India, engineered with class leading panoramic optics, built-in Wi-Fi, a dedicated App. The dashcam has been priced at...


text:
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text:
Russia′s Deputy Minister for Energy Yury Sentyurin expressed his country′s growing interest in investing in Indonesia′s coal industry, as per a press release from Indonesian Embassy in Moscow on Wednesday.
Russia Expresses Growing Interest in Indonesia′s Coal Industry
09 , 2013 | Source: Antara News
Russia′s Deputy Minister for Energy Yury Sentyurin expressed his country′s growing interest in investing in Indonesia′s coal industry, as per a press release from Indonesian Embassy in Moscow on Wednesday.
Russia′s Deputy Minister for Energy Yury Sentyurin
Coal barge at Banjarmasin, Indonesia
The market of low rank coal remains stable with growing demand from coal fired power plants offsetting import cut by China.
President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) has invited business persons from the United States to capitalize on opportunities in Southeast Asian nations, especially Indonesia.
The President of Indonesia Joko Widodo has been named as the Straits Times Asian of the Year 2019, the Singapore-based newspaper announced in a written statement received here on Thursday.
The Ministry of Trade through the Directorate General of National Export Development (PEN) will hold the 4th Good Design Indonesia, an award for best design product, in 2020. The competition becomes the real support of the Ministry of Trade in motivating and encouraging businesses to develop design-oriented Indonesian products in the global market.
President of Senegal, Macky Sall, commended Indonesia′s role in supporting infrastructure development in his country through the plans to build the multifunctional building, Tower of Goree (Tour de Goree), and the sale of CN-235 aircraft.
Coordinating Minister for Maritime and Investment Affairs Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan while visiting the headquarters of Volkswagen (VW) in Hannover, Germany, invited he automotive company to produce electric vehicles in Indonesia.
Communication and Informatics Minister Johnny G. Plate affirmed that digital infrastructure development in Indonesia aims to support national interests, including during an emergency scenario.
Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia
Budapesti Indonéz Nagykövetség
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Address: 1068 Budapest, Városligeti fasor 26. | MAP |
Phone: (+36-1) 413 3800 Fax: (+36-1) 322 8669
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text:
Related Suppliers
Esab Welding & Cutting Products (Annapolis Junction, Maryland) will acquire the welding wire operations of Sandvik Materials Technology. The deal includes production units in Sandviken, Sweden, and Scranton, Pennsylvania, as well as the global sales and product management organization.
With the addition of Sandvik's portfolio of solid welding wire and rods, flux-cored wire, stick electrodes, strip electrodes, flux, thermal spray wire and weld finishing chemical products, Esab will increase its ability to meet customer needs. Revenues for Sandvik's welding wire business amounted to $55 million in 2016, and the business employs approximately 120 people.
"We are excited by the opportunity to better serve customers with a broader and enhanced portfolio of stainless steel and nickel filler metals," says Shyam Kambeyanda, President of Esab.
Esab expects the acquisition to be completed in two to four months. Sandvik customers, distributors and suppliers will continue to conduct business as usual during the integration.
Machining At Mach 3
Airbus invested in abrasive waterjet for machining CFRP components. Here is why.
The Personal Waterjet Cutting System Is a Natural Development
Much like what is happening with desktop 3D printing, Omax has developed a way to bring the versatility, capability and simplicity of waterjet cutting to a broader spectrum of users.
The Laser's Role In Micromachining Metals
A new laser technology combines the high machining accuracy and throughput required for precision, industrial micromachining work.


text:
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Register for TrainSmart Australia's Mental Health Week event in Perth.
'Mental health starts where we live, learn, work and play'
To register for these special Mental Health events, fill in the form below!
By submitting this form, you acknowledge that you are registering to attend an event held by TrainSmart Australia, and agree to TrainSmart Australia using your contact information for marketing and communications purposes. TrainSmart Australia will ensure all personal information is stored in compliance with the Privacy Act 1988 and will not sell/remarket your information to any third party. TrainSmart Australia also uses reCAPTCHA technology and will act in accordance with the terms and conditions set by Google.


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The Ironman Chipband is the ideal anklet to confirm your champion chip during the race.
Your discount €3,- (21% VAT included) New! On stock!
Cheaper elsewhere? We will match the price or make a better price. Click here for terms and conditions
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Your discount €3,- (21% VAT included)
Ironman chip band
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Top of the range, heavy-duty Zone3 Elastic Laces perfect for speedy transitions!
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- Chesapeake (Amtrak)
Chesapeake Overview Service type Inter-city rail Status Transferred to SEPTA and MTA Locale Mid-Atlantic states First service 1973(First version)
1978(Second and third versions)
Last service 1977(First version)
1995(Second and third versions)
Successor SEPTA
MARC Train
Former operator(s) Amtrak Route Start Washington, DC End Philadelphia Distance travelled 134 miles (216 km) Average journey time 2 hour 18 minutes Service frequency Monday through Friday Train number(s) 182 & 187 (1973-1977)
420 & 421 (1978-1995)
On-board services Class(es) Unreserved coach Technical Rolling stock Amfleet coaches Gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Electrification Overhead caternary Track owner(s) Amtrak Route mapLegend Station Philadelphia (SEPTA) Chester Wilmington Newark, DE Elkton Perryville Aberdeen Edgewood Baltimore Penn Station Edmonson Avenue (Baltimore) Baltimore Airport Odenton Bowie Beltway-Lanham Washington, D.C. (METRO)
Chesapeake was a daily passenger train operated by Amtrak along the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C. and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The Chesapeake was originally established on April 29, 1973 as a train that ran between Washington, D.C. and New York City. This service ended on June 11, 1977, however on April 30, 1978, the name was revived for a commuter service that was financed through funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of Maryland. Chester Transportation Center, which was closed by the Pennsylvania Railroad in either 1966 or 1967, was added to service in 1978[1] and the Baltimore-Washington International Airport railroad station was added to the service in 1980.[2]
On October 29, 1983, Maryland and Pennsylvania, along with a number of other Northeastern states, took control of its commuter railroads. SEPTA expanded to commuter railroads previously used by the Pennsylvania Railroad and Reading Railroad, and the "MARC" (Maryland Area Regional Commuter) service name was established.[3] The SEPTA R2 (now the Wilmington/Newark Line) and MARC Penn Line became the replacements for Amtrak's Chesapeake, although no service existed between Perryville and Newark. The name remained and service was extended not only back to New York City, but south into Richmond, Virginia until October 28, 1995 when it was replaced by the NortheastDirect.
Station stops (1978–1983)
The following station stops were made by Chesapeake trains; not all trains made all stops.
State City Station Notes and Connections Pennsylvania Philadelphia 30th Street Station SEPTA subway service; SEPTA Regional Rail Chester Chester Transportation Center SEPTA Wilmington/Newark Line Delaware Wilmington French Street Station SEPTA Wilmington/Newark Line Newark Newark Rail Station SEPTA Wilmington/Newark Line Maryland Elkton Elkton Perryville Perryville Now stop on Penn Line Aberdeen Aberdeen Now stop on Penn Line Edgewood Edgewood Now stop on Penn Line Baltimore Pennsylvania Station Now stop on Penn Line and Baltimore Light Rail Edmonson Avenue Station Linthicum Baltimore Airport Now stop on Penn Line Odenton Odenton Now stop on Penn Line Bowie Bowie New Carrollton Beltway-Lanham Station Metro Orange Line; now stop on Penn Line Washington, D.C Union Station Metro Red Line; MARC; various Amtrak trains
External links
- October 1, 1979 Amtrak Chesapeake Timetable (Railroad Picture Archives)
- Inaugural Run of Amtrak's Chesapeake (Window on Cecil County's Past)
- Former Amtrak routes
- Passenger rail transportation in Washington, D.C.
- Passenger rail transportation in Maryland
- Passenger rail transportation in Delaware
- Passenger rail transportation in Pennsylvania
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway — The C O system map in 1950. Reporting mark C O, CO Locale District of Columbia … Wikipedia
Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Lift Bridge — The Chesapeake Delaware Canal Lift Bridge Carries 1 Norfolk Southern rail line Crosses Chesapeake Delaware Ca … Wikipedia
Chesapeake and Ohio 614 — Chesapeake Ohio 614 Power type Steam Builder Lima Locomotive Works Serial number 9306 Build date June 1948 Configuration 4 8 4 UIC classification 2′D2′ h2 Gauge … Wikipedia
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway — Le Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (sigle AAR: C O, CO) était une compagnie de chemin de fer américaine de classe I fondée en 1869 suite au regroupement de plusieurs petites compagnies de Virginie. Dirigé par l industriel Collis P Huntington, il… … Wikipédia en Français
Amtrak — For other uses, see Amtrak (disambiguation). Amtrak Map of the Amtrak system (2007) Reporting mark … Wikipedia
Amtrak — National Railroad Passenger Corporation Rechtsform Aktiengesellschaft Gründung 1971 Sitz … Deutsch Wikipedia
Amtrak Cascades — Overview … Wikipedia
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel — Not to be confused with Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel Coming down from the high level portion near the north end. Official name Lucius J. Kellam Jr. Bridge Tunnel Carries … Wikipedia
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Co. (C&O) — U.S. railroad company established in 1868 with the consolidation of two smaller lines, the Virginia Central and the Covington and Ohio. The railroad later acquired several other lines, mainly in the upper South and the Midwest, which together… … Universalium
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company — ▪ American railway , byname Chessie System American railroad company established in 1868 with the consolidation of two smaller lines, the Virginia Central and the Covington and Ohio. It subsequently acquired a number of other lines,… … Universalium


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Discuss with us
ECDC invites representatives of learned societies, professional associations and industry representations to discuss the influence of digital technologies on key functions of public health.Apply until 20 December 2019
Half of all women with HIV are diagnosed late in Europe
Particularly women in their 40s are diagnosed at a late stage of HIV infection when their immune system is already starting to fail.Get the new data and analysis
Lassa fever in returning healthcare workers
Following confirmation of two imported cases of Lassa fever among Dutch healthcare workers who worked in a rural hospital in Sierra Leone, ECDC provides an assessment of transmission and infection risks.Read more
What do healthcare workers know about antibiotic resistance?
Healthcare professionals play a fundamental role in tackling antibiotic resistance. The results of survey released on the occasion of EAAD 2019 show gaps in knowledge about the issue.Find out more
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Molecular and genomic typing for tuberculosis surveillance: A survey study in 26 European countries
Rapid outbreak assessment: Multi-country outbreak of Salmonella Poona infections linked to consumption of infant formula
Rapid risk assessment: Outbreak of VIM-producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa linked to medical tourism to Mexico
Point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in hospitals and long-term care facilities across Europe are ongoing
Epidemiological update: Hepatitis A outbreaks in the EU/EEA mostly affecting men who have sex with men
Measles notification rate per million population by country, EU/EEA, 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019
Rubella notification rate per million population by country, EU/EEA, 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019
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Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cases have been declining in the last few weeks, with more recent cases restricted to rural, hard-to-reach communities instead of the urban areas where the hot spots were previously located. Find out more
Large outbreaks with fatalities are ongoing in EU countries that had previously eliminated or interrupted endemic transmission. Find out more
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Data and tools
Vaccine Schedule
The Vaccine Schedule is an interactive platform of vaccination schedules for individual European countries and specific age groups.Access the platform
ECDC focus
ECDC's work plan 2019-2021: Guarding European public health
23 Jan 2019 - The latest ECDC work plan reinforces the role of ECDC as a strong and trusted partner for the EU Member States and the European Commission enabling and supporting them in protecting everyone in the EU equitably from communicable diseases.


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