text:
"They were going to make him secretary of commerce, and he said, 'Yes, that's right,' and then he shaved his goatee and he got a little fatter, and he said, 'Sign me up, I'm ready to go.' And then, within the last couple of days, he announced, 'You know what, I've been doin' some stuff that may be too illegal to be in the Cabinet, but just about right to keep me as governor of New Mexico.'"
— David Letterman on Bill Richardson
Zing! Haha ha ha ha…ha…Oh. Wait. The joke's on us, too.
It couldn't come at a worse time, either.
Gov. Bill Richardson expected to join President Barack Obama's Cabinet. That is, before last month, when news of a federal corruption investigation tainted the appointment. After all, Obama has repeatedly committed to cleaning up government.
"I was hurting," Richardson told reporters before the inauguration.
He was probably hurting more after Obama's swearing-in. Instead of hitting the parties in Washington, DC on Jan. 20, Richardson was stuck in Santa Fe, presiding again over the relatively dull opening of the New Mexico Legislature.
Instead of posing for Esquire (again), Richardson was dodging pushy reporters from New York newspapers who wanted to know whether his staff rewarded campaign donors with state contracts.
And instead of joking around with the other Democratic Party superstars, he was taking lumps from David Letterman.
Letterman's punch line was a dig not only at Richardson, but at New Mexico's tolerance for corruption. Last week, the retiring agent in charge of the FBI's Albuquerque office, Thomas McClenaghan, told KQRE that New Mexico may be the most corrupt state in the country.
It's difficult to say whether that's true or not.
"I don't have any reason to believe that New Mexico is more corrupt than other states," Common Cause State Director Steven Robert Allen says. "What I will say is I think we've done a lot less—and by 'we' I mean our elected leaders—to address the problem."
To be clear: The feds haven't charged Richardson with a crime, and the governor has publicly stated he has done nothing wrong. "Thousands of people give contributions; there's hundreds of contracts in the state…the governor has never tied the two together,' Richardson spokesman Gilbert Gallegos says. "I think it's grossly unfair to loosely use the term 'pay-to-play.'"
Gallegos adds: "You can point to companies that got contracts, and they may have given contributions, but the other companies that didn't get contracts probably gave too."
Furthermore, in his opening speech to the Legislature, Richardson backed ethics-reform laws that would, for the first time, limit campaign contributions in New Mexico. That's to Richardson's credit, Allen says. One could also make the case that it's too little, too late.
Richardson raised $23 million to run for president last year, even though no one thought he stood a chance at winning the Democratic nomination.
He raised more than $13 million in his last run for governor to run against Republican John Dendahl, who only raised $316,000.
Why would so many people give Richardson large lump sums if they expected nothing in return?
At a minimum, money opens doors.
When you add up the cases in which political donors receive state deals or appointments—as we've attempted here—it starts to look like the whole government is for sale.
The following A-to-Z guide to pay-to-play in New Mexico is not meant to be complete. Why focus on Richardson? Simple: He is the state's top dog. And his administration is already under investigation for possibly rewarding campaign donors.
Nor does this guide offer anything close to proof of misconduct. Use it as a catalogue of coincidences—coincidences that, if the Obama era is to be a cleaner one, at least demand a second look.
This is where it begins. Richardson appoints members to nearly 300 state boards and commissions, ranging from the powerful (the Governor's Finance Council) to the boring (the Dental Hygienists' Committee) to the seemingly redundant (the Oral Health Council). Some positions are volunteer, others are salaried.
Interested in serving? A donation might improve your odds. We sampled a dozen state boards. Only two—the Citizen Review Board and the Mining Commission—had no members who gave to Richardson (though Mining Commission members gave, naturally, to Republican Public Lands Commissioner Pat Lyons). Of the other 10, an average of 76 percent of the board members donated to Richardson's gubernatorial or presidential campaigns. Every member of the State Game Commission is a Richardson donor. Ironically, 14 of 22 members of the Governor's Task Force on Ethics Reform are campaign donors.
"I've been on his fundraising committees several times, and it don't get me too far," David Smoak, an Albuquerque real estate broker and Richardson appointee to the state Judicial Standards Commission, says. "There are many people who give for the purpose of being able to say hello to Bill once in a while."
A "hello" can be all it takes. Pay-to-play is rarely a pass-the-envelope, sign-the-contract transaction. Few understand this better than retired government fraud investigator Lorenzo Garcia, who ran as a Republican for state auditor in 2006.
"Let's say I'm an administrator in the government, and I want to give a contract to a friend of mine. I'll put together a committee of people who are loyal to me, and I'll tell them I want you to give this person the contract. It happens all the time. They'll never admit it, because they have nice-paying jobs," Garcia says. "It's open and everybody knows about it. But it just continues to happen."
Board of Finance
The Board of Finance is like a budget committee. It keeps tabs on the state's spending and tax collections, issues debt and hires bankers (see "Northern Trust"). As one longtime state finance employee put it to SFR, the board essentially runs the government when the New Mexico Legislature isn't in session.
The board includes elected officials like Treasurer James Lewis and appointed ones like Finance and Administration Secretary Katherine Miller, plus private sector folks like Kim Sanchez Rael of Flywheel Ventures (a company that has given at least $7,800 to Richardson's last two runs for office).
The board's financial adviser is David Paul, of Fiscal Strategies Group out of Pennsylvania; the company's employees gave $5,100 in donations to Richardson's presidential campaign.
Its bond counsel is Robbie Heyman of the Santa Fe law firm Sutin, Thayer & Browne, which gave $36,000 to Richardson's presidential campaign and $12,000 to his gubernatorial campaigns.
Its "board disclosure counsel"—a position that ensures legal compliance—is David Buchholtz of the Albuquerque firm Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck ($20,800 to Richardson's prez run, $17,000 to the guv run).
Bruce Malott
Richardson-appointed chairman of the Educational Retirement Board, allegedly bullied employees; see "E" and "F."
Beverly Hills, Calif. company at the center of the high-profile federal investigation involving Richardson. See "Rubin, David."
The state of New Mexico contracts with two companies for "check verification and recovery."
One, Collectrite of Albuquerque, donated $3,000 to the Bill Richardson for President Exploratory Committee in 2007. The other, CyberCheck, is run by Robert and Dominic Aragon of Albuquerque. Robert and his law firm donated $8,700 to Richardson's gubernatorial and presidential campaigns.
Each company claims a fee—of $30 and $35, respectively—for each bad check written to the state on which it collects.
Dave Contarino
Richardson's former chief of staff was reportedly involved in at least two suspected instances of pay-to-play. See "Rubin, David" and "ValueOptions."
Dennis Langley
Energy tycoon and former Kansas Democratic Party Chairman Dennis Langley and his energy companies have donated $32,700 to Richardson's political campaigns since 2002. During Richardson's first term as governor, in 2004, New Mexico's State Investment Council approved a bond investment of up to $150 million so that Langley's company, Earth Energy & Environment, could build a natural gas pipeline near Farmington.
Educational Retirement Board
Every year, nearly 2,000 New Mexico public school employees—from university professors to high school bus drivers—retire. Their pension and benefit checks depend on the health of a $6.5 billion investment portfolio managed by the New Mexico Educational Retirement Board.
Polly Turner, a retired University of New Mexico professor, served on the board for 14 years. Of the seven board members, she was one of only two—elected by teachers' associations—who are independent of the governor.
Turner says this setup had never been a problem—until Richardson became governor.
Turner calls herself a "good Democrat" who "began to have problems with the governor when he started tinkering with our board."
Richardson made Bruce Malott, an Albuquerque accountant and Richardson's 2006 campaign treasurer, ERB chairman. (Malott did not return SFR's call for comment.)
Turner says Malott rushed through meetings, and the interests of retirees were rarely discussed. "It was just like he did what he needed behind the scenes," she says. "He never called me. I was seen as the troublemaker."
A troublemaker, she says, because she asked questions.
Turner says that in May 2006, Malott called his fellow board members to a special meeting, saying they had a one-time opportunity to invest in something called a CDO, or "collateralized debt obligation."
"At the time, I didn't know much about CDOs. I don't know that anybody else did—maybe Bruce," Turner says. "It seemed to me that it was very hasty."
As the nation has since learned, many CDOs were built on a foundation of matchsticks: mortgages aggressively marketed to people who couldn't afford them. Those unlikely-to-be-reclaimed debts were repackaged and resold, essentially disguised as solid investments. When the CDO matchsticks crumbled, the credit markets followed, and soon thousands of Americans found themselves out of work.
Turner and the other ERB teacher rep, Delman Shirley, voted against investing in the CDO. They were outvoted by the governor's appointees. Unfortunately, the investment Malott recommended turned out to be basically worthless. The teachers' retiree fund lost $40 million, and the State Investment Council, which also bought into the CDO, lost $50 million.
What Turner didn't know at the time was that the company hawking the CDO, Vanderbilt Capital Advisors, would become a major donor to Richardson. Its employees gave $9,400 to his presidential campaign. She also didn't know how aggressively the Richardson-appointed ERB chairman, Malott, was pushing the board's staff to invest with Vanderbilt.
The public might not know any of this if one of those employees did not come forward.
"Thank god for Frank Foy," Turner says.
Frank Foy
In 2006, Foy was the ERB's chief investment officer. It was a tough year. A longtime colleague had retired and Foy had trouble finding a qualified replacement. At Foy's urging, the ERB hired outside contractors to help manage the portfolio. But first, Foy had to sell off $2.5 billion in assets so the new outside financiers could start from scratch.
So when Vanderbilt Capital Advisors' then-managing director, Patrick Livney, called out of the blue, Foy was very, very busy.
"This guy calls me up and says, 'I want to talk to you about a CDO.' I said, 'Call me back in a month. I don't have time to screw with it, dude,'" Foy recalls. "He didn't like that answer."
Soon after, Foy says, he got a call from Malott. "He said, 'You were very rude to Pat Livney. I think he has a good investment and you ought to talk to him.'…I'd never been called by the chairman before. I thought, 'This stinks.'"
Even after talking to Livney, Foy says he recommended against the Vanderbilt investment. Foy was subsequently demoted following what he says is a false accusation of sexual harassment involving a young employee in the office. He declines to go into the details, beyond that the woman was inappropriately dressed.
When Foy filed a whistle-blower lawsuit this month, the daily papers piled onto the story. Richardson's office called Foy a disgruntled employee. The story faded.
"It's a smokescreen," Foy tells SFR.
There was further fallout for those who resisted the Vanderbilt investment. Turner says Malott got a bill introduced into the Legislature by Sen. Stuart Ingle, R-Chaves, that would replace her independently elected seat with another gubernatorial appointee. She credits Sen. Tim Jennings, D-Chaves, with killing Ingle's bill. "Thank god for friends," Turner says. She left the board last year, partly for health reasons.
The ERB's executive director, Evalynne Hunemuller, abruptly resigned in January 2007. Foy claims she was fired because she refused to fire him at Malott's request. Hunemuller didn't respond to SFR's request for comment.
Foy won't speculate on what role, if any, Richardson might have played, but says, "This is the tip of the iceberg."
GTECH, the world's largest purveyor of gambling machines, was the New Mexico Lottery's vendor from 1996 until last year. That's when GTECH lost its contract to Intralot, a British company trying to snap up GTECH's business by offering lower bids. But Intralot outbid GTECH when it came to campaign contributions in New Mexico. In 2007, Intralot gave $3,000 to Richardson and $2,000 to the New Mexico Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee. GTECH's only New Mexico donation that year was $2,300 to Richardson's presidential campaign. (In 2004, a year before its Lottery contract was renewed, GTECH gave $10,000 to a separate Richardson committee.)
At least four state contractors for gravel and landscaping services, and their officers, have given Richardson sizable donations over the years: Bartoo Sand & Gravel ($1,000), Buildology ($4,800), Eker Brothers ($5,000) and Lafarge Southwest ($5,000).
Early this month, Richardson attended the groundbreaking for a new HP facility in Rio Rancho. The company's higher-ups gave more than $5,000 to Richardson's presidential run. According to the Rio Rancho Observer, HP was offered $55 million in incentives from the state, plus $5.2 million in New Mexico Finance Authority bonds to build roads and sewer lines for the private facility.
Iceberg, tip of
See "Frank Foy" or items A-Z.
As SFR staff writer Dave Maass reported two years ago, 15 people applied to fill the late Pamela Minzner's state Supreme Court seat. Four applicants gave the maximum legal amount—$2,300—to Richardson's presidential campaign, and one of those three, Charles Daniels, became Richardson's judicial appointee.
Khalsa, Gurutej S
Gurutej Khalsa founded Akal Security with other members of New Mexico's Sikh community back in the 1980s. Early on, it landed a job guarding the state fair; now, government contracts comprise most of the company's business. Akal has donated more than $50,000 to Richardson's political committees, including $20,000 to ¡Si Se Puede! Boston 2004, a committee Richardson set up for that year's Democratic National Convention, which he chaired.
Executives with Lionsgate Entertainment contributed $26,800 to Richardson's presidential campaign.
The studio also has been the biggest beneficiary of the New Mexico Film Investment Program, which Richardson created. The state has loaned Lionsgate $99 million.
The loans—which provided three-quarters of the films' overall budgets—went to produce four seasons of Wildfire on ABC Family, a forthcoming documentary about LeBron James, a horror flick called The Burrowers and the 2006 Dane Cook vehicle Employee of the Month, a movie that led the Globe and Mail's reviewer to remark, "It's simply too depressing that people sat in a boardroom, read this script and said, 'We're ready to go!'"
Mainline Information Systems
Mainline, based in Tallahassee, Fla., has a contract to supply New Mexico state agencies with IBM mainframe computers. The company gave $10,000 toward Richardson's 2006 gubernatorial re-election and staff donated $1,000 to his presidential run. Andrew Baca of Albuquerque, owner of another state tech supplier, Abba Technologies, kicked $2,300 to Richardson's run for prez.
Mesa Del Sol
Mesa Del Sol is a sprawling business and residential area near the Albuquerque airport. The developer, a company called Forest City Covington, has been one of the biggest political donors in the state and especially generous to Richardson. As The New York Times reported in a recent story about New Mexico's "few ethics laws," Forest City gave $290,000 to Richardson over a period of five years.
The state, as it happens, did good by Forest City, issuing up to $500 million in bonds to help the company complete the project and selling it some land owned by the University of New Mexico.
Northern Trust
As the custodian bank for the State Treasurer's Office, the State Investment Council and two public-employee retirement boards, Northern Trust claims hundreds of thousands of dollars in fees every month for keeping track of billions of dollars in state assets.
As we recently reported at sfreeper.com, Northern Trust was hired by the New Mexico Board of Finance in September 2003 after Richardson took office [Jan. 15: "More Fishy Donations To Richardson From Financiers With State Contracts"]. The company and its executives gave $20,000 to Richardson's 2006 gubernatorial campaign and $15,500 to his 2008 presidential campaign. Northern Trust also donated $10,000 to ¡Si Se Puede! Boston 2004.
State Investment Officer Gary Bland complained in a January 2008 meeting of the State Investment Council that "Northern Trust is not doing an adequate job," according to meeting minutes. Yet Northern Trust remains the state's custodian bank.
Deputy State Treasurer Mark Valdes, who was Board of Finance director when Northern Trust was hired, tells SFR he had no contact with Gov. Richardson or anyone from his office regarding the contract.
Valdes says the procurement manager on the Northern Trust deal was former Finance Board Deputy Director Scott Stovall. Until resigning recently, Stovall served as chief investment officer for the New Mexico Finance Authority, which handled the scandal-plagued transportation bonds that got Richardson in so much trouble last month; see "Rubin, David." Finance Authority attorney Rey Romero says he doesn't know the particulars of Stovall's departure.
Oil, bulk
Santa Fe-based Honstein Oil has the most lucrative contract to supply bulk gasoline and diesel to state agencies and local governments, furnishing an estimated 575,000 gallons of fuel every year.
The company's markup ranges from a penny to one dime on the gallon, depending on the location.
Its president, Rod Honstein, gave $500 to Richardson in 1996 when he was a lowly congressman, and did better in 2007, with a $2,300 donation to his presidential bid.
Private prisons
Three of New Mexico's top prison contractors are also backers of its top elected official.
James Parkey, president of Corplan Corrections, gave $10,000 to Richardson's presidential run. Corplan helped design and build 13 jails around New Mexico.
Corrections Corporation of America, which runs three prisons in New Mexico, gave $25,000 to Richardson's first run for governor, and a company vice president gave $1,000 to his presidential run.
The third contractor, GEO Group, gave $30,000 to Richardson's second run for governor and $9,000 to his presidential run. It operates three facilities in New Mexico and one at Guantanamo Bay.
Quid pro quo
"This for that." Also, something hard to prove: for example, that a company received a government contract because it gave money to a politician.
"Even if that may be the case, you still have to prove it. The burden of proof, it's still pretty substantial," retired fraud investigator Lorenzo Garcia says. "The laws, the way they're written, allow [politicians] so much leeway."
Rail Runner
When Missouri-based Herzog Contracting landed a $117 million contract to extend the Rail Runner to Santa Fe in August 2007, the Albuquerque Journal noted that the company had donated a couple thousand dollars to Richardson's presidential campaign.
The sum of Herzog's contributions to Richardson's campaigns, as far as SFR can tell, comes to $40,500. That includes donations from company executives and employees.
The Associated Press followed up, noting that Santa Fe art dealer, developer and Richardson buddy Gerald Peters—who has raised tens of thousands for Richardson over the years, even loaning him a private airplane for campaign trips—donated $2,300 to Richardson at a particularly opportune time: just as Peters' development company, SCS Development, was in the midst of contract negotiations with the state Department of Transportation for a Rail Runner hub near its headquarters.
Robert Caswell Investigations
In 2007, Richardson announced that the state had hired a private investigations firm to "conduct undercover monitoring" of three Albuquerque bars owned by William E Baldwin. Baldwin's bartenders at the Horse & Angel Tavern served a man who caused a fatal Thanksgiving Day drunk-driving crash two years prior.
Of the nearly 200 licensed PIs in Albuquerque, which gumshoe firm was chosen for the perilous job of hanging out in bars? Robert Caswell Investigations, which had kicked in $2,000 toward Richardson's 2002 run for governor.
Rubin, David
David Rubin was born in Mexico City and attended an Orthodox Jewish high school in Los Angeles. He never graduated from college. He founded CDR, a financial advisory firm specializing in public sector deals, in 1986. His firm developed a somewhat roguish reputation—now more than ever: CDR is at the center of a scandal that destroyed Richardson's appointment to President Obama's Cabinet.
It's not clear whether or how Rubin met Richardson. None of the governor's friends with whom SFR spoke remembers meeting Rubin—which is odd, because Rubin started writing big checks to Richardson in 2003.
The circumstances are important because Rubin started donating to Richardson right around the time CDR landed a $1.5 million contract to handle a complicated bond deal for the New Mexico Finance Authority.
An ongoing federal investigation into CDR's business practices—following years of disparate kickback allegations—drifted into New Mexico politics last year. A grand jury interviewed some of the governor's key staff members. It, and a second, related grand jury, have not issued any indictments.
Rubin and Richardson aren't talking. Who would know how the donations came about? Perhaps Dave Contarino, Richardson's former chief of staff, whom Bloomberg News named as a key subject in the federal inquiry into the Finance Authority. He's keeping quiet.
As is Amanda Cooper, a top political consultant who chaired the Richardson committees that took Rubin's donations. "Amanda Cooper—she would be the one that would be able to provide information," Reta Jones, an Albuquerque accountant who handled some of Richardson's campaign accounts, says.
Cooper also is the daughter of US Sen. Tom Udall, D-NM. She did not return messages left at her ranch house in Corrales.
Despite the clumsy acronym, the Statewide Human Resources, Accounting and Management Reporting System was supposed to save taxpayers money by streamlining dozens of incompatible state accounting systems.
In 2005, the state signed a $14 million, two-year contract with MAXIMUS of Reston, Va. The cost of the project grew over two years to more than $30 million, thanks to bugs and cost overruns. Rep. Luciano "Lucky" Varela, D-Santa Fe, called SHARE a "black hole," as Trip Jennings of the Albuquerque Journal (and now the New Mexico Independent) reported.
Those earlier reports missed a noteworthy detail: In 2006, MAXIMUS gave Richardson $5,000 to help him win a second term as governor.
The three companies with state phone-service contracts—AT&T, Verizon and Qwest—have something in common. All together, those companies, along with their executives and employees, have given nearly $50,000 to Richardson's political committees over the years.
What about the other big telecoms? T-Mobile did not give to Richardson; it has no state contract. Sprint donated $1,000 to Richardson in 2006 and, six years prior, $3,000 to the New Mexico Republican Party. It also has no state contract.
Zurich-based UBS was yet another bank that donated to Richardson—$25,000—at around the time it picked up work from the state. UBS was one of the bond underwriters chosen by the New Mexico Finance Authority's financial adviser, CDR. Other underwriters, including JP Morgan and RBC Dain Rauscher, were also big donors.
ValueOptions, a massive, Virginia-based "behavioral health destination," was hired in 2005 to overhaul and run New Mexico's mental health care system.
The New Mexico Independent reported this month that ValueOptions gave $75,000 to Richardson's last two runs for office and hired his former chief of staff, Dave Contarino, as a consultant. Its contract, which expired last year, was worth some $300 million.
Vanderbilt Capital Advisors
Chicago firm and Richardson donor that sold money-losing investments to the state. See "Educational Retirement Board."
White, Mark
Years after leaving office, former Texas Gov. Mark White went into the border-security business.
White's company, Geovox Security, sells a thingamabob called the AVIAN Heartbeat Detector, which supposedly finds people hidden in vehicles with "special sensors" that detect "the shock wave generated by the beating heart."
The basic model starts at $50,750, plus installation.
New Mexico signed a price agreement for Geovox machines in 2006. The following year, White gave $4,600 to Richardson's presidential campaign.
Peter Diamandis, head of the X PRIZE Foundation—which stages competitions for private spacecraft—gave Richardson $2,300 to run for president. Not only did the governor help promote X PRIZE events, his failed presidential campaign kicked in $10,000 toward another committee to convince voters to approve a tax to help build Spaceport America near Las Cruces.
The state gave $9 million to boost the competition and help build the Spaceport. It hired two design consultants, Dekker/Perich/Sabatini and Molzen-Corbin & Associates. Dekker employees gave $13,000 to Richardson's presidential run, and Molzen-Corbin gave $9,600. Molzen-Corbin chief Adelmo Archuleta also gave $13,000 to Richardson's two runs for governor.
The Associated Press reported last week that New Mexico was forced to cough up $16 million in collateral for the transportation bonds that CDR handled because the New Mexico Finance Authority didn't have the in-house expertise to properly review the transactions. See "Rubin, David."
Zorro Ranch
Billionaire Jeffrey Epstein, who named his ginormous ranch near Santa Fe and one of his companies after the masked avenger, gave $50,000 to Richardson's second gubernatorial run.
Richardson, like other pols who took Epstein's money, pledged to give it all to charity after Epstein plead guilty to soliciting underage prostitutes. Subsequently, Epstein was sued for sexual abuse by a then 16-year-old model. According to the New York Post, Epstein told the girl, "You have a tight butt like a baby."
OK, so it's not technically a pay-to-play deal. But it is an appropriately gross closer to a long and skeezy tale. SFR
"They were going to make him secretary of commerce, and he said, 'Yes, that's right,' and then he shaved his goatee and he got a little fatter, and he said, 'Sign me up, I'm ready to go.' And then, within the last couple of days, he announced, 'You know what, I've been doin' some stuff that may be too illegal to be in the Cabinet, but just about right to keep me as governor of New Mexico.'"
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text:
Tamarind paste is used to add a sour taste in many Thai soup such as Sour curry, Kang Som. This tamarind paste is often called in Pad Thai Recipes. This paste provides sour / tart /sweet taste to the dishes. Just cut in small portion and dissolve in warm water before use. Ingredients: Tamarind. Weight: 14.0 oz. Product of Thailand.
For your convenience, buy Pure Fresh Tamarind concentrate
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Contemporary Wallpaper
Essential Wallpaper
Style Colors
Wet System
Out System
Christian Benini
Photographer, founder and art director of Wall&Decò
Christian Benini began his career as a portrait photographer and then went on to specialise in fashion and publicity photography. He has worked in close conjunction with advertising agencies and fashion houses in Italy, the UK and the USA. Over the years he has honed a precise interest in photography of interiors. In 2005 his intuition inspired him to create Wall&decò: upon reproducing an image for use as a backdrop on a photography set, he perceived its remarkable decorative value, versatility and potential for use in the furnishing world. This marked the start of a contemporary wallpaper collection for interiors which was then extended to embrace outdoor areas and damp indoor environments, redefining the stylistic elements of wall decorations by proposing blow-ups and macro-images as alternatives to patterns and geometries.
This research path was broadened even further in 2017 with the Essential Wallpaper Collection, dedicated to interpreting the sheer decorative value of textures. An alternative world compared to large narrative designs, featuring 3D patterns, inlays, carvings and metal light details which create veritable bas-relieves. The genesis of surfaces just waiting to be explored by hand and not just with the eyes.
Design collective
4P1B is a design studio that works in the world of design with the belief that everything is a project, for this reason works range from the world of furniture to lighting, to installations and o retail. At the heart of 4P1B's work is the design method and the constant search formal, functional, commercial and innovative solutions.
Alhambretto + Am Prod
Alhambretto is a design studio that operates on the field of product, interior and graphic design following the right balance between functionality and poetry. Projects by Alhambretto take a critical look to the past and recover traditional know-how techniques from a contemporary viewpoint.
Alessandro AM PROD, illustrator and graphic designer living in Bologna, has been selected under the young illustrators category for the Iceberg 2009 awards and, for the last two years, is listed in the Italian Illustrators Annual promoted by the Autori di Immagini association.
Marika Baldoni
Visual stylist
Marika Baldoni left Italy for the USA when she was 23. Here she began a training path which resulted in her setting up in business as a visual stylist and freelance window dresser.
Back in Italy, she strengthened her close cooperation with Julian Fashion, a well-known boutique in Milano Marittima.
Thanks to her creative versatility and multifaceted nature, Marika dedicates her time to projects, window-dressing, spectacular window set-ups and installations of strong visual impact.
Xavier Barcelona
Xavier was born in Copenaghen 220 years ago, he is fairly exaggerated. He lives with his portable computer which he keeps in a red case, he travels the world, sees things and translates them into images which take on life one way or another.
Enrico Beccari
Enrico Beccari
He was born in 1970 during the solo of one of the Deep Purple's most famous tunes "Smoke on the water".
He has the typical traits of Leo - eclectic, lazy, he is talented but he is not always driven to do something.
After attending the IED in Milan, we worked as an illustrator for some advertising agencies and won the Agorà prize in 2003.
He is still alive, he hates no one, he laughs profusely and still has all his hair.
Wladimiro Bendandi
Visual Designer
Design, for Wladimiro Bendandi, is the solution to remain connected with the playful aspect of the experimentation. Thanks to the passion for creativity he starts to collaborate as free lance illustrator in several agencies, immediately after the graduation in visual and design communication.
During these years he is in charge of the various steps of the graphic design, multimedia publishing, environmental design and brand identity, with a particular attention to the contaminations coming from his parallel experience as installation artist.
Today Wladimiro Bendandi is a freelance designer and keeps on projecting with the belief that a valid project is a common right and that the design must interact in our "everyday" life in a continuous research and brainstorm.
Bertero Panto Marzoli
Visual designer
The sum total of three personalities creating a common language; an amalgamation of their own thoughts, bringing together the great design traditions with technology and sophistication while keeping an eye to the future. The inquisitiveness shown by Bertero, Panto and Marzoli in their approach to brands and international projects over the last fifteen years has brought about ideas with strong semantic characteristics and are the result of their individual sensitivities.
Serena Confalonieri
After a Master Degree in Interior Design at Politecnico di Milano, Serena worked in many architecture and design practices, moving from Milano to Barcelona and Berlin. Now she runs her own studio in Milano, working on interior, graphic and textile design projects and collaborates with important companies in Italy and abroad.
Artists / Designer
CTRL ZAK is a hybrid studio that integrates different disciplines and cultures. The founders, Katia Meneghini and Thanos Zakopoulos, are both artists and designers in their own right. The Italian-Greek duo's creations are inspired by their travels and experiences around the world and by their own rich cultural backgrounds. The studio creates artworks, objects and spaces but– above all– situations where people can come together in order to make what really matters: human relations. CTRLZAK's projects and extensive research into tradition and cultural context create a new hybrid future by learning from the past. Each project is a story waiting to be told, with a multitude of forms and endings. Each one experiments with diverse methods of narration where irony and symbolism go beyond aesthetics and functionality, in order to activate mechanisms of reflection.
Lorenzo De Grandis
Creative designer
Responsible of visual communication for important interior design companies.
Lorenzo De Grandis's works inspires ideas and stories. Emotion driving to create atmosphere with shapes and functions, effective solutions and projects. Textiles, graphic design, interiors and further sensation.
A multidisciplinary study with an ambition: to capture the rhythm and the aesthetics of time. To see what inspires, what elevates, what activates.
Architects / Designer
Luca De Bona and Dario De Meo, architect and designer, meet on the road between Milan and the Italian Veneto region and begin a collaboration that draws inspiration from the trip, to produce marks and drawings that respond to the needs of the contemporary home interiors. They collaborate with prestigious furnishing, lighting and decor companies, looking after art direction, concept and product development. A research in micro and macro scale that reviews and merges different spheres: architecture, design, graphics and art, to create innovative environments and objects, but able to tell stories and stir emotions.
Christophe Delcourt
It is at the end of the 1990's that Christophe Delcourt appears for the first time on the French scene of furniture. As far as those first objects are concerned, not only is he their designer, but also their manufacturer and editor.
Tables, chairs, and lamps then quickly draw the contours of a universe both very just and honest. The wood and the steel forge pieces of which the apparent formal simplicity always masks a perfect mastering of the craftsmanship. It is in this perfect balance between the purity of a drawing, the beauty of a material and the extreme care of a making that the Christophe Delcourt style will find its full expression. Designer-editor, his journey now seems to follow a straight path.
But very quickly, the desire to confront himself to other craftsmanships and other technicalities is born. And Christophe Delcourt slowly starts collaborating with small and large, French or foreign, editors: Roche Bobois, Tectona, Baxter, HC 28, Van Rossum, or more recently, Collection Particulière, CC-Tapis, and Minotti.
Simone Fanciullacci
Simone Fanciullacci was born and raised in Liguria and after graduating in 2007 from the Polytechnic University of Milan, he founds the 4P1B Studio obtaining numerous publications and awards, including the IF Design Award, the Good Design Award and an honourable mention at the 23rd edition of the Compasso d'Oro. In 2017, having completed the studio's experience, he begins to sign the projects he develops under his own name. Among his main clients are Nilufar Gallery, Secondome, De Vecchi Milano 1935, Wall&decò, Martinelli Luce, Lago, Chairs&More.
Simone Fanciullacci is also the owner and art director of Edizione Limitata brand with which he develops and markets projects produced in small series, rediscovering materials, techniques and craftsmen in Italy.
André Fu
Born in Hong Kong and educated in England from the age of 14, André Fu holds a Bachelor of Arts at Cambridge University, and a Masters in Architecture from the University of Cambridge.
According to the designer, "living and travelling between both countries over the past thirty years is why my own tastemaker sensibility reinterprets traditional notions of national identities or 'East-meets-West aesthetics' in a new hybrid. For me, it is about combining a seamless alignment of cultural and design sensibilities, modern luxury, and craftsmanship to shape the world around us."
Fu became known overnight when he first redefined notions of hospitality with his design of Upper House hotel in Hong Kong, and has since gone on to create forward-thinking interiors for other leading brands.
"Each new commission starts with understanding my client, the brand, and their specific vision. My signature touches may be there but it is very important to me that the design is about telling a story about the brand."
Designs usually begin with Fu's hand-drawn conceptual sketches, shaping a sensuous fusion of form and materiality, before proceeding to a detailed design stage. The same personal attention to detail throughout the design process has also featured in his custom-design furniture, lighting, and products.
Eva Germani
A long training period in the field of architectural conservation allowed her to gain direct contact with the artworks of famous artists, paintings and frescos of great artist and architectural impact and value.
Her knowledge of materials and execution techniques, which recall traditional settings, are conveyed through a determined style, without academic formalisms, at times graceful, but always characterized by a ruvid material trait. Projected towards scenographic decoration, her works are carried out with architects and designers and consist in the creation of residential and commercial spaces with strong retrò atmospheres and slight bohemian tastes.
María Gómez García
As owner and director of Estudio PAM – a creative studio – has been developing artwork for different usages and materials such as chairs, wallpapers, doors, tables, textiles, among others, for clients based in Spain, Italy, Brazil and US. Previously, has worked for companies and brands such as Le Lis Blanc (Brazilian fashion and housewear brand) or ZARA (Spain). With more than 10 years of experience, has collaborated as visual coolhunter and shopping in cities in different continents (London, New York, Paris, Sao Paulo, Seoul and Hong Kong). All of her drawings and illustrations are handmade created and reflects her professional experience, cosmopolitanism and passion for artwork.
Sylva Gortana
Interior designer
Sylva Gortana trained at the European Design Institute in Milan and at Canberra University in Australia.
After brilliantly ending her university career she began working with architectural firms, designing exhibitions, stands and events.
After obtaining a master in Hotel Design at the Domus Academy of Milan, she began specialising in the design of luxury hotels, wellness centres and SPAs.
The constant search for the right aesthetic synthesis between space and matter represents the balance at the bottom of her projects in which design interacts with history, the evolution of taste and fashions, while playing with shapes and functions.
Alessandro Gottardo (aka Shout)
Alessandro Gottardo, also known by the name of Shout, he lives and works in Milan. Highlights of his career include cooperating with The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, TIME, Penguin Books, Volkswagen, Barclays, ENI, Nokia, United Airlines. He has received numerous international accolades: between 2006 and 2007, his publishing company 27_9 produced the books "Jetlag" and "Jetlag 2", in 2010 "Mono Shout", a monographic work on the first 10 years of business activity and in 2011 "DAZED". By means of an operation of subtraction and image synthesis, Shout makes his illustrations small conceptual works, in which, rather than showing, he builds up immediately perceptible messages.
Tommaso Guerra
Interior Designer and Art Director
After 12 years as advertising agent in numerous agencies, Tommaso fully focused on his natural activity: express himself through graphic arts.
His work field takes him around the world and changes constantly:
from the road, with exhibitions and urban furniture site specific for interiors, where he ranges from wall decorations to complete interior design projects.
His path constantly evolves, and consists of an open dialogue with places and objects.
Antonella Guidi
Antonella attends the Mosaic State Art Institute in Ravenna. Since 1983, she has been taking part in both solo and collective art shows and, in 1987, using recycled no-cost materials, she began making fashion accessories, setting up a small company.
The recycling philosophy pervades her entire artistic production which continues alongside her fashion industry activities and which has resulted in the creation of numerous works.
She has also collaborated with textile and ceramic manufacturers as free-lance decorative designer and with publishing companies as illustrator of fantasy books.
Upon obtaining her degree in Literature, Gunilla Zamboni (Gupica) continued to study in Florence focusing on the art of fresco and mural painting, completing her studies with a master degree in Peintre en Décor in Versailles, France. She later specialized in interior design at IED in Milan. Gunilla worked with Italian and French masters, honing the secrets and techniques of decorative painting in France and the study of design in Italy. In 2010 she founded Gupica, a creative studio that develops projects through multi-disciplinary methods such as: decorative arts, interior design, product design, traditional handcrafts and modern techniques. She evolves projects for private clients and companies with her creative vision. Her attention to detail and the combination of contemporary and traditional codes characterize her projects. BIO
Marco Lorenzetto
Born and raised in Faenza, after his earliest years of education he moved to Rome.
Upon graduating in Sociology at the "La Sapienza" University, he developed a passion for art and aesthetics which he nourished as a self-taught abstract painter, delving into different fields of Italian and European art and culture.
His stay in the capital was followed by a period of travelling and living in different cities: Salamanca, New York, Paris and lastly Berlin in 2009.
These international experiences led him to discover and profoundly experience artistic movements which further inspired his curiosity and research into beauty through experimentation with new techniques and the use of different materials, including ceramics.
In 2017 he created a range of porcelain plates sold at Bergdorf Goodman, New York.
Lorenzetto's paintings have been published in magazines like Elle Decor, Vogue, The New York Times / Style Magazine, Architectural Digest, Modern Luxury Angeleno.
He has been living in Los Angeles since 2011 and works at his studio in the heart of
Antonio Marras
Fashion Designer
Antonio Marras was born in Alghero, on Sardinia. The island has always deeply influenced his aesthetic. His fashion debut was the result of a lucky chance. In 1987 a fashion house in Rome asked him to design a prêt-à-porter collection. Their invitation was due to his dual baggage of skills: cultural – Marras has always involved himself in every form of artistic/creative expression – and technical based on his know-how of materials and forms. He debuts with his prêt-à-porter in March 1999 in Milan and in 2003 LVMH, the French luxury goods group, invites him to be the artistic director of the Kenzo fashion house till 2011. With his headquarters in Milan, Marras made a fundamental choice, both sentimental and artistic: he will never give up living where he was born, to Alghero always returning in pursuit of creativity, inspiration and material for his expressive universe.
Andrea Merendi
He is a shop window dresser, stylist, florist, with an artistic flair, a lot of creativity and a strong poetic streak.
He has years of experience in shop window dressing and retail premise decoration for several companies.
His true passion is flowers.
He is an all-round professional who has expanded and revisited his floral knowledge to create bespoke paper flowers for the Rinascente department store in Milan.
Since then his flowers have been shown in magazines and displayed in showrooms, event settings and wallpapers.
Draga Obradovic + Aurel K. Basedow
Artists, designers
She is of Serbian origin while he is from Germany – they find in Italy the right soil for their artistic expression.
Draga refined her painting technique directly on canvas during the years that allowed her creating a collection characterised by a unique design where colour, pattern and matter meet in a harmonic union.
Aurel K. chooses to exalt the potentials of resin, resorting to a strong pictorial expression.
The mutual understanding, in addition to a personal level, became also professional in 2007: living and developing together the common passion for modern art, the artistic affinity grew with them, leading the couple to undertake a common research, study and sharing path that led them to cooperate with the most prestigious international brands, like Baxter and Anthropologie.
Silvia Stella Osella
Textile & Surface Designer
Silvia has been working in visual communication since 2005. After an illustration and visual communication BA at IED, she focuses on textile design with an MA and post-graduate courses at the Central Saint Martins College of Art, London. After working for some of Europe's leading textile companies she has opened her surface design and consultancy studio in Milan. She collaborates with international brands such as the Inditex group - Zara, Zara Kids, Adidas, Mango, Topshop, and she is a visiting Professor in Surface and Pattern Design at IED Turin.
Gio Pagani
Architect, interior designer
A graduate in architecture from the Milan Polytechnic, his career began in 1995.
Giovanni Pagani's goal is to capture emotions and transfer them into his objects and interior designs.
The guiding theme common to all his works, from shops to hotels, restaurants and private homes, is the emotion aroused by using them: a microcosm of sensations which Wall&decò has grasped and further promoted.
Federico Pepe
Federico Pepe was born in 1976. He lives and works in Milan. He is a unique figure in the cultural and artistic Italian landscape, where he moves with agility and extreme aesthetic coherence between various artistic forms. Advertising, Artist, Graphic Designer, Video Maker. Executive creative director of the DLVBBDO Multinational Communication Agency. In 2006 he founded in Le Dictatuer, an editorial project and an independent exhibition space based in Milan, for which he has been the editor of editorial and artistic plan for over 10 years. He exhibited his works and projects at MOMA Library and Family Business in New York, at TATE MODERN in London, at the Palais de Tokyo in Paris, at the Trienniale of Milan and in many others private galleries. Over the years he collaborated with famous artists such as Maurizio Cattelan, Pierpaolo Ferrari, Nico Vascellari, Jacopo Benassi and designers such as Patricia Urquiola with whom he has signed two collections (CREDENZA 2016, MISCREDENZA 2017).
Giovanni Pesce
Giovanni began his career in 1986 when he was asked to join the staff of the technical department of a major credit company for the design of a large number of branches. In 1994 he founded the Signum, a working group in collaboration with other professionals, with whom he developed exhibition spaces. Since 1997 he started a studio / laboratory of ideas in which he is engaged, initially as an interior designer, then more and more directed towards product design: clear and direct works with discrete shapes and materials and with a beauty intimately linked to their functionality.
Ines Porrino
Ines has been in business since 1975, initially in collaboration with studios such as Arcoop, Arkite Associated Architects and Studio Piergiorgio Cazzaniga. In 1997 she turn into a free lance consultant in the field of interior design, exhibition spaces, design events and furniture stores.
Ines Porrino develops the concept up to the product prototype and the catalogue for a floor collections in PVC for Limonta. Since 2010 he has begun a production of artisanal lamps FILROUGE. She has worked with several interior design magazines such as Interni, SpazioCasa, Lake Como Lifestyle.
Bertero Projects
Fabrizio Bertero graduated in architecture at the Polytechnic University of Milan in 1993 and is the owner of Studio Bertero Projects, based in Milan. Together with Simona Marzoli, he works as a designer in the urban planning, construction, interior design, product design and graphics sectors and mostly focuses on retail, service, residential interiors as well as museum and exhibitions set-ups.
He collaborates and has previously collaborated with a number of companies, national and international bodies including: TDK, Martini, Frankie Morello, FIAT, ILLY, the Milan Triennale, the National Museum of Science and Technology of Milan, Zanotta, Fiera di Milano, Wall & Decò and 100x100 Group.
Since 1997 he is contract professor at the IED (European Institute of Design), Milan, for Architectonic Design Courses.
Architects, interior designers
A project of the interior designer Paolo Badesco, who since 2005 presents to the public in Milan, through its first store in Corso Magenta 96, a repertoire of suggestions with a northern European flavor: vintage furniture and accessories deliberately not restored, combined with a selection of contemporary works resulting from a selection between Europe and the United States. In 2011, with the architect Constantino Affuso, formerly senior architect at the Paolo Badesco interior design studio, the project expanded by acquiring a new location in Via Palermo 1, in the heart of Brera Design District. The new proposals and daring installations have earned Raw to the attention of the international press and of an increasingly sensitive public to new trends.
The studio ruga.perissinotto was founded in 2010, when Alessandro Ruga and Carlotta Perissinotto met after a joint experience in London in the design industry, and decided to start signing their projects together. They went through training and work experience over the years thus developing a special sensitivity to the different aspects of the design world - from product and system design, to exhibition and retail design, to corporate communication. Their multidisciplinary background has also made it possible to meet their customers' artistic direction and consultancy needs.
Interior design and creative consultancy
Studiopepe is a design agency founded in Milan, in 2006, by Arianna Lelli Mami and Chiara Di Pinto.
Studiopepe's focus is on design and research through the use of a multidisciplinary approach: this includes interior design (retail, hotels, private commissions), product design and creative consulting.
The language they use for their designs is stratified and eclectic, uniting poetic vision and rigorous design.
Art, installations, study of formal archetypes, experiments with materials and the dialogue between opposites are some of the themes developed by the Studio.
Studiopepe's projects are recognizable by their strong iconographic identity, based upon experimenting, continuous research on colours and materials and the contamination between the various contemporary languages with the intent to provide a solution that is uniquely special and respectful of each client's individuality.
Talva Design
Artist, designer
Tal Waldman (Talva Design) is an artist, designer and architect based in Paris.
She completed her art and architecture studies working for international firms, from Jean Nouvel to Christian de Portzamparc and Jean Paul Viguier.
The Talva Design studio in Paris is a synthesis between design and art capable of providing interior design solutions and home and furnishing accessories.
The Elusive Otter
Artists, designers
The refined illustrations of Raffaella Audiffredi, author of the project, zoom in details on the animal world, creating canvases on which a literary dimension signed by writer Matteo Sartori is triggered.
The collaboration with Wall&Decò enriches the journey of the ''elusive otter'' with charm and combines the artistic experience of The Elusive Otter to a new application field.
Raffaella Audiffredi
Architect, graduated at the Polytechnic University of Milan, opened her studio in Milan in 2010, after working in Italy and abroad. She conceived The Elusive Otter project in 2013.
Matteo Sartori
Graduated in political sciences at the State University of Milan, he worked in the cinema and advertising field from 2002 to 2012. He is the author of three novels.
Gio Tirotto
Gio Tirotto founded his own studio in 2010. He develops projects for interiors, products and installations, focusing his artistic direction on research which is followed up by the most clean-cut synthesis between form and function.
"I design to be a bridge which connects thought with message, an indispensable aim of my artistic language".
Everything he designs is inspired by an attention of what is around him, living or inanimate. If there is a limit between art and design, he tries to erase it and re-design all the existing complicity among human beings and objects. This is why he believes that rituals, memory and imagination are often the essential function of things.
Clients - to name but a few: Alcantara, Viabizzuno, Seletti, Secondome Gallery, D'arrigo External Design, Petracer's, Wall&decò, Lago, Bormioli Rocco, Greggio, Mingardo, Exnovo.
Elisa Vendramin
Elisa Vendramin is an Italian illustrator who specialises in graphical projects for the cultural sector by creating digitally produced graphic patterns. After graduating in Industrial Design from the IUAC in Venice, she moved to London to take a Master in Communication Design at the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, where she started to work for several cultural institutions and also showcased her creations in collective art exhibitions in London, Paris, Reykjavik and Vienna. In 2011 Elisa moved to Reykjavik to focus on personal research projects and to join several artist residencies, including the SÍM International Residency and NES Artist Residency In 2013 Elisa returned to Italy, where she currently works as an illustrator with international agencies such as Brandever (Vancouver, BC), Atacama Invest (Santiago de Chile), and exhibits in the Vienna-based artstore Atelier Olschinsky and in the Stockhom-based NAU Gallery.
Francesca Zoboli
Visual designer
After graduating in Painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Milan in 1990, Francesca founds l'O di Giotto – ann Interior Decoration Studio operating both in Italy and abroad. Alongside interior decorating, she also conducts pictorial research, especially as regards the assembly of materials. Out of the combination of painting and decorating comes the style of her works, distinguished by an original language inspired by fabrics, upholsteries, old printing methods, ethnic and traditional motifs, graphic patterns, plastering, natural textures such as woods, leaves, powders, earths. Careful and sensitive to the most recent fashion, design, art and modern architecture trends, Francesca Zoboli aims at organically articulating and integrating decorative projects in environments and spaces. Among her customers Fratelli Rossetti and Hotel De Russie; in 2006 she has partially designed and decorated the new concept store in Paris for Kenzo (Art Director Antonio Marras).
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News Articles About These Topic Hubs:
A national directory of environmental technical assistance providers.
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Unique Wildlife Collectibles for Outdoor Enthusiasts
If you're a lover of nature, there's really nothing more rewarding than spending a day in the great outdoors. Whether you experience the sweet, fresh air of a forest, the awe-inspiring view of a mountain range, or the exciting rush of a river where you know the fish are jumping, you can look forward to admiring the untamed beauty of nature all around you. If you love everything about wildlife, now you can bring the great outdoors "indoors", with beautiful and exclusive wildlife collectibles, available from The Bradford Exchange Online.
The selection of wildlife themes among our fine collectibles are impressive, from delicate hummingbirds to soaring eagles, from 10-point bucks to wolf packs in action and much more, so there's something for everyone. And if you are looking for distinctive apparel that celebrates wildlife with exclusive artistic designs, you've come to the right place. From leather jackets to true-to-nature figurines, we offer wildlife collectibles and wearables for everyone.
Appealing Wildlife Ornaments Make Your Holiday Special
To enhance your holiday decor each Christmas, bring the beauty of the natural world into your holiday home with our exclusive wildlife ornaments that will satisfy the tastes of any nature lover in your family. From the majesty of wolves in winter to the humor of snowmen enjoying the life of an outdoorsman, our wildlife ornaments are perfect for a nature-lover's holiday, and are sure to become family favorites with each passing year.
Hear The Tick-Tock Of Our Wildlife Clocks
Looking for a unique and decorative way to bring the beauty of nature into your home decor? We offer wildlife clocks that are designed with ingenuity and artistic mastery to enhance your home with a wide range of natural themes. Our wildlife clocks are handcrafted in wood in classical wall-clock styles, with the addition of 3-dimensional embellishments and stunning, full-color wildlife art. You'll even find cuckoo clocks here, ready to announce the passing of the hours with the appearance of an animal figure and sounds of nature. For any lover of wildlife, these are the best clocks ever!
There's no doubt that the beauty of the natural world can enhance your life, even when it's brought indoors with handcrafted wildlife sculptures, figurines, ornaments, home decor, apparel and more, all available right here on our site. You never know what you might discover in our wide array of wildlife collectibles and apparel, but we guarantee you're going to be delighted with the design and high level of craftsmanship in these exclusive wildlife items. To browse all our wildlife collectibles. Shop Now!


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Paper Loop
California Dreaming Map882
Regular price $5.00
Shipping calculated at checkout.
Paper Loop greeting cards are filled with whimsy, color and delight. Designed and illustrated in Los Angeles by artist Sara Franklin, a long time vegetarian and animal lover.
Each card is printed with soy inks on premium matte paper and rounded corners. Our cards are 4 1/4 x 5 1/2 inches (A2 size) and come sleeved with an envelope.
These whimsical greeting cards are loved by many retailers across the US including several bookstores, museums and boutique shops. Wholesale greeting card orders are welcome. Please contact us or visit our wholesale page for more info.


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From inside the book
7 pages matching trombones in this book
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LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - HarryMacDonald - LibraryThing
Much ink has been spilt, and many trees slaughtered -- and not always to good purpose -- in the years since this book's arrival in 1954. Still, it remains a cornerstone for serious thought, listening, and performance of the music before Beethoven. Read full review
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Common terms and phrases
Adagio Avison Bach's baroque bass bass-line C. P. E. Bach choir chords church clavichord composer's composers concerto consort contemporary continuo continuo instruments continuo-playing contratenor Corelli cornetts Couperin crotchet crumhorns dances double-bass earlier early music editor eighteenth eighteenth-century English ensemble evidence extemporization figured bass flute fortepiano French style fugue German Handel harmony harpsichord Haydn improvised instance interpretation Italian style keyboard instrument keyboard music kind lute madrigal manuscripts medieval medieval music modern edition mordent motet movement Mozart music written musician mute cornett notation note-values notes oboe old music orchestra organ original ornaments part-books performance piano piece plainsong played player polyphonic present-day printed Purcell Purcell's quavers Renaissance roulades sarabande scholar seventeenth century shawm singers singing sixteenth century slow slur solo sonatas song sonorities sound strings sung symbols taste technique tempo tenor theorbo tone tone-colours treble trill trombones trumpets tune vibrato viol viola violin vocal voices writing


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MADISON, Wis. (AP) — A proposal to increase Wisconsin's speed limit to 70 mph may race through the state Assembly, but it appears to be headed for a speed bump or two in the Senate and with Gov. Scott Walker.
Just a day after Illinois Gov. Pat Quinn signed a bill raising the speed limit on rural highways in his state to 70 mph, Rep. Paul Tittl, R-Manitowoc, on Tuesday called for the same thing in Wisconsin.
The bill would have to pass the Senate and Assembly, and be signed by Walker, before taking effect.
Tittl's proposal has the backing of Republican Assembly Speaker Robin Vos, who has said he wants a vote on the measure in September. But Walker and his Transportation Secretary Mark Gottlieb took no position on the measure Tuesday.
Walker will evaluate the bill should it pass the Legislature, spokeswoman Jocelyn Webster said. The Department of Transportation has no position on the proposal at this time, said spokeswoman Peg Schmitt.
Republican Senate Majority Leader Scott Fitzgerald did not immediately return a message seeking comment. Tittl said he did not yet have a Senate co-sponsor for the bill.
Despite those considerable road blocks, Tittl said he was confident the proposal would pass the Republican-controlled Legislature and be signed into law by the end of the year.
Raising the speed limit would be good for business and workers with long commutes because it will allow people to get to their destinations faster, Tittl said. And despite studies showing that raising the speed limit increases the risk of serious crashes, Tittl said he thinks it would be just as safe as the current limit, which he said no one follows anyhow.
"I don't think it will be much of a change at all," he said.
Tittl, who lives about 140 miles from the Capitol in Madison, said he was convinced of the need for a change during a recent commute where he drove the speed limit the whole time.
"I was absolutely slowest person on the road," he said. "I didn't pass anyone."
This isn't the first time there's been a push to raise Wisconsin's speed limit. A proposal in 2005 to increase it to 75 mph went nowhere, stalled by opposition from Republican legislative leaders and Gov. Jim Doyle, a Democrat.
Illinois was the 35th state to increase speed limits since Congress allowed it in 1995, doing away with widely ignored federal speed limits of 55 mph on most roads and 65 mph on rural roads. The trend has resulted in an increase in road deaths and injuries in those states, according to some studies, including one that found a 9 percent jump in deaths on rural interstates.
Other crash analysts say that letting speed limits creep up poses no increased risk and point out, as Tittl argued, that many drivers already are going faster anyway.
The federal speed limit law was passed to reduce fuel consumption after the 1973 oil embargo. Safety advocates lauded it for the subsequent drop in road deaths and injuries.
(© Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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This is the first in a series of posts on Initiative 1183, the latest liquor privatization initiative. This post focuses on one of the wine-specific changes in the initiative, volume discounting. Here I detail what volume discounting means, why Costco cares, why some are for/against it, and what it means to consumers.
See a previous post on Initiative 1183 with additional details about the initiative's contents here.
Volume Discounting
What it means: Currently the wholesale cost of wine is fixed regardless of how much one buys. This means that retailers that buy a single bottle and those that buy ten cases pay the same amount.
Initiative 1183 would allow wineries and distributors to adjust the wholesale price of the wine based on the volume sold. If retailers agree to buy a greater volume, they can potentially get or negotiate a lower price. For example, wineries could set different wholesale prices for one case, five cases, ten cases, and a pallet.
Note that is would not be the case for beer or spirits – just wine (NB: See correction below). Some believe the reason for this was an unwillingness to take on several large lobbies simultaneously.
Why Costco Cares: Costco obviously brings a whole lot of buying power. This would allow Costco and others to use their buying power to obtain lower prices based on the amount they purchase.
Why Some Are For/Against: Proponents of volume discounting says that it just makes sense. Why shouldn't they be able to negotiate a lower wholesale price if a retailer is willing to buy a larger volume? In their view, the current laws restrict their ability to do business.
Opponents of volume discounting say that fixing the wholesale price allows smaller wineries to compete on the same playing field as the big boys. Taking it away allows companies like Costco to dictate price, something they can't afford.
The logic is as follows. Let's say there are two producers making a wine that costs $21 to produce and that they both sell for $25 wholesale. Producer A makes 200 cases of their wine - a common amount for many of Washington's small wineries. Producer B makes 20,000 cases of their wine – a common amount for many California wineries.
Costco says to both producers that it will buy all of their cases of wine, but only if the producer agrees to a wholesale price of $22. Producer A has two choices: sell the wine to Costco and make $200 total or walk away and look to sell the wine elsewhere for $25 wholesale. Producer B can do the same but stands to make $20,000 on the sale to Costco.
Opponents say that if they did give Costco volume discounts, they might go out of business as they wouldn't make enough profit. Conversely, if they don't give Costco the volume discount, they might have trouble selling the wine elsewhere given Costco's discounted prices on its wines.
Proponents say not allowing them to offer volume discounts is restricting their ability to do business and potentially putting them in jeopardy. Let's say Producer A does decide that he wants to sell all 200 cases for a $200 profit. Current law prohibits him from doing so.
What It Means for Consumers: Volume discounting will allow Costco and other large companies to both increase their margin and pass lower prices along to consumers. This gives them a competitive advantage. Consumers can expect to see lower prices on some of the wines that Costco and companies like them carry.
In my opinion, consumers can also expect to see a shakeout in the wine industry as large wineries from California, Washington, and elsewhere take advantage of the ability to offer volume discounts at Costco and large grocery outlets. Some Washington wineries will be able to survive in this environment. Some wineries will not. I also expect that the selection of wine at large grocery stores may decrease as companies focus on brands they can buy with volume discounts.
Some will argue that there will always be a place for small, boutique wines and wine stores even with Costco offering its discounted prices. Costco obviously only offers a very limited number of brands. However, if these wineries and wine stores can't compete on price with the wines Costco, Kroger, and others offer, don't expect them to last too long, especially in a down economy.
Proponents say that this is the way capitalism is supposed to work where the strongest survive; opponents say that this is what has led to our chain store society where mom and pop stores can't compete.
Feel free to comment below on what you believe the effects of volume discounting will be for you/your business.
Next up on Initiative 1183, a look at another wine-specific aspect of Initiative 1183, central warehousing.
CORRECTION: According to Section 119 of Initiative 1183, volume discounting would be allowed for spirits. It would not, however, be allowed for beer as indicated above.
Focusing on Initiative 1183 Part I: Volume Discounting
This is the first in a series of posts on Initiative 1183, the latest liquor privatization initiative. This post focuses on one of the wine-specific changes in the initiative, volume discounting. Here I detail what volume discounting means, why Costco cares, why some are for/against it, and what it means to consumers.
18 comments
Michael Davidson Says:
Thanks for highlighting some lesser-publicized parts of this initiative, Sean. Looking forward to the rest of the series.
My sense is that you are an opponent. There is also an organization of 'family wineries' that are proponents. As a voter, who wants more efficiency and revenuw, but not at the expense of hurting local wineries, which are treasured here in the state.. what do you advise?
Anon, I'll be posting my own position on 1183 in detail next week in a separate post. In preview, I am anti-initiative, pro-privatization, anti-assisting big companies - whether they are wineries, grocery stores, or wine/liquor stores - at the expense of the small. More next week!
james Says:
Shall we talk "case break fees" and the resulting increase in prices to the consumer and decrease in selections that will result?
Typically, first volume discount occurs at 12 bottles, otherwise a $2-$3 charge per bottle to the retailer/restauranteur for orders of less than a case. The purchaser is either forced to take a full case (something not every wine shop has space for) or be forced to sell the wine for a higher price than their competitors. Either case, it's bad for the consumer.
Second, when you go into these 10K+ ft2 retailers are you impressed with their wine selections? Probably not, expect the same for your spirits...nothing but the big and the bland. I would like my liquor store to be like my favorite wine stores; small, knowledgeable, and diverse. This initiative certainly doesn't seem to favor such a situation. A step in the right direction, but not with the consumer in mind.
I could support this, if it did away with the give away to the large retailer
Will the wholesale discount feature really affect the tiny wineries at all? By this I mean that Costco is unlikely to be interested in a winery that produces, say, 500 or fewer cases, simply because there just isn't enough product to stock their shelves, even if they bought up the entire inventory. I do agree that this is an issue for the larger boutiques, e.g., a winery that turns out 3,000 cases of a supermarket-friendly Riesling or Cabernet blend that has to decide whether or not to engage in a discounting race to the bottom with the likes of Columbia Crest. Not a battle the little guy is going to win.
Dave Malone Says:
Let me preface my comment by stating that I work in a large wine retail shop in a state (Florida) that allows volume discounts. Here's my take: I understand the concerns that come with volume discounting. I disagree, however, that volume discounting means "doomsday" for many small wineries. Companies, such as Costco, aren't on the whole interested in the smaller wineries. They want good pricing on high-production, quality wines that they can offer their customers at a great price, make money, and move major volume.
I work for a company that has over 100 stores in Florida and we are every bit as dedicated to offering wines (some from Washington) made is as little as 25 case amounts all the way up to the major "big box brands." So to suggest that retailers would abandon smaller wineries and selection would suffer is just silly to me, unless that's how the wine shops do business in Washington. I honestly don't know.
What I do know is that any saavy retailer who cares about being competitive and wants to have the best selection possible for their customers will use a volume discount to bring quality wines at great prices to value-seeking customers while continuing to offer a selection of smaller, boutique wineries to appeal to that segment as well. We do it. Our competition does it. And there's no reason for this part of the initiative to hurt consumers if the retailers do their part. Just mho. :)
Dave E Says:
Dave, that's a good comment on the state of Florida retailing, and I suspect that if the initiative passes here in Washington that we'll move toward that model, but I wonder how well acquainted you are with the current model in Washington. I run a small neighborhood shop in the inner city in Seattle, so let me tell you a bit about how we work.
We have a 900sf shop, and we stock about 1250 selections. We're packed with wine, to put it mildly. We're extremely value-focused as well. Of those 1250 wines, we only buy about 10 or 15 of those in quantities as large as a full case at a time. Most of the rest we buy three or six bottles at a time. If this initiative were to pass and we erer to get discounts at a 1 case volume, we would most likely convert all our 6-bottle brands to a case at once, but due to operating capital and shelf space reasons, we would likely be dropping about half of our current six-bottle selections. That means we'd probably drop about 100 brands. For the rest of the selection, we would likely still buy the three or less bottles at a time, as we do now, but we would expect we'd have to raise prices on these. I would expect distributors to raise prices on the low-volume brands, as they try to recover revenue lost when they lose margin on the high-volume brands. So, we will adapt and survive, but I would expect both price and selection to get worse for the consumer as a result of this initiative.
I actually think that we're lucky, being located in the inner city. I expect that if the initiative passes,
Rand Sealey Says:
I don't think initiative 1183 is going to be as much of a game changer as some smaller retailers and wineries fear. Sure, Costco and the other big operators have much to gain with volume discounts and central warehousing. But they are going to leave the smaller operations alone for the most part. If Costco wanted to squash the wine shops they could have long ago. When I owned Esquin (until 1997), it really hurt when Costo undercut us on wines we sold, but we survived. I agree with Dave Malone above that the savvy retailer can use both volume discounts and a selection of boutique wineries to stay competitive. That is what I did when I owned Esquin. By the way, volume discounts is not really new. I made deals with distributors that were under the table which enabled us to be competitive. Initiative 1183 would just legalize what already exists. Wineries seem to be fearful of volume discounts because they think they would be pressured by the big stores into giving them. I agree with Dave again that the big operators don't care much about small wineries. For them, it's all about Kendall Jackson and other big producers. I think the effect on small retailers and wineries is going to be a lot less than they think.
James, thanks for highlighting the issue of case break fees. I had neglected to mention this, and it is an important issue.
Dave Malone, many thanks for providing insights from Florida. I know that Costco here in Seattle has in the past carried a number of small Washington winery brands, usually at a pretty good discount. I'm assuming that the reasons that they do this is because of the strong local wine industry and people's interest in drinking local. I would expect that that would continue if 1183 passes with volume discounting playing a role in the decisions on the wines.
For me, there are two critical, related issues. The first is whether there is a direct pressure on wineries in Washington to lower price in an unsustainable way due to other wineries volume discounting their wines? The second is whether there is an indirect pressure because of the abundance of low priced, high end California (and other) wine on the shelves. Therefore wineries must discount to be competitive and doing so threatens their business.
To some extent, what we have seen the last several years has been a potential example of what a post-1183 world might look like. There has been a large influx of heavily discounted California wine coming onto the Washington market due to CA's large production and the overall poor economy. My favorite example was an $85 Napa Valley Cabernet I saw with a 93 point WS score that, on release, was discounted to $42. Hard for WA wineries to compete with. Obviously there are different factors at play here but has this impacted Washington wineries? I'll let them comment on whether they believe it has.
I do believe that the large retailer/grocery store markets and boutique wine store markets are somewhat distinct. I do believe that there will always be a market for higher end, lower production wines. However, will it be enough to sustain the industry as it currently stands at 740 wineries?
I do believe that Costco's discounting affects people's buying decisions in a number of ways. I have frequently seen people on-line say, "Don't buy it there. Costco has it for a lower price." That does steer people away from smaller boutique stores. Is that impact enough to threaten these stores' existence or do they just need to find different ways to compete?
Rand, a very good point that, to some extent, volume discounting goes on right now. Many people have told me that this takes the form of, "I'll throw in a sample bottle for every case that you buy." This is, of course, illegal. However, who is going to tell? Not the store or distributor that is making the deal. Another winery or distributor that is hearing about this happening? Not if they want to jeopardize their relationship with their retailer. Obviously if it were legal, everyone would be able to get in on the action and be much more aggressive with it. I have no sense of how widespread this is or isn't at the moment, but it's definitely happening.
Rand Sealey Says:
We usually got one case free for ten cases, sometimes even one on five. The extra cases came in separately, through the back door so to speak. This kind of pricing has been standard in California for decades. No reason why Washington should be an exception. Not because distributors should oppose it. In my day, many of them participated in it because it generated sales. The discounts were subsidized by the wineries and importers, so both we, the suppliers and the distributors benefited. A win-win-win situation.
I suspect much of the opposition to I-1183 is from wholesalers who fear that retailers such as the grocery chains and Costco will make an end-run around the distributors and deal directly with wineries. But not all wineries want do do this. Many need to maintain friendly relationships with their distributors.
Fear is a big motivation in the opposition to 1183. Fear by wholesalers, fear by wineries who worry about how it will affect them, fear by retailers who think they will be threatened by the big guys. The "Protect our Communities" is a huge fear campaign which is really driven by businesses' - big and small - own fears. If the initiative passes, as I wrote before, I think it will not be that much of a game changer for the industry. The big change will be that the State gets out of the liquor business as it should have long ago.
Dave E, very interesting perspective on how these changes would affect your shop. Thanks for sharing them.
Craig Says:
Under 1183, will existing small wine shops (less than 10,000sqft) be able to remain open? Will new small wine shops be able to be opened?
Craig, the 10,000 square foot requirement just applies to businesses selling spirits (not beer or wine). Existing wine stores and future wine stores would not be affected. They just won't be able to sell spirits unless they are 10,000 or greater (with some exceptions based on trade area).
A number of posters have maintained that Costco isn't really interested in small wineries. Well we produce less than 4,000 cases a year, spread out between a couple of brands and almost 2 dozen skus. We have a wine in several Costco stores right now that we only made 400 cases of. Could we offer it at a lower price? NO. Could we live without the sales to Costco? YES, but in this economy it would really hurt. I'ts not easy moving those over $35 wines, no matter how great the quality.
Anon 10/28 1:03pm, I am not a Costco shopper but the few times I have been there with friends I have certainly seen a number of smaller production wines from Washington. I have been surprised by the comments that Costco has no interest in these wineries and that Initiative 1183 will therefore have no effect on them.
Also, I added your comment to the discussion here as well to make sure people saw it:
John Bell Says:
It is a rare thing to see a wine at Costco that you also see at an independent retail shop. Most small wineries that sell to Costco do so only with wines that they do not sell to other retailers - close-outs, old vintages, whole lots, etc. Retailers whom I know would stop selling ALL my wines if I ever sold to Costco a wine that the retailers also sell, because Costco almost certainly would be selling that wine at a lower price. Thus, even for (intelligent) small wineries, there really is no competition between Costco and independent retailers. Fear about the potential effects of I-1183's passing are simply fear of the dark.
Mark Wallace Says:
I was in the Tacoma Costco today and did a quick check of the wine bins, 30 Washington wines, including OS, Dunham, Patrick Ryan, Novelty Hill, Cougar Crest, Kestrel, Vin du Lac, and others, as well as Ste. Michelle (Eroica at $15.99 and various single-vineyard bottles). It can be instructive to look at vintage dates, as Costco is often a choice for returns. deLille has been at Tacoma Costco with red and white Chaleaur Estate and Doyenne bottlings (returns from Florida, I believe). Will these choices be here if liquor comes in? Don't know, but right now, Costco buys direct from many Washington wineries, and gives mass exposure to quality local producers. A couple of pallets sold at a bit less than what a distributor paid is worth more that a couple of pallets returned from out of state because it didn't say grown in California. I believe quality wineries will survive with or without 1183. If it passes, it may be much harder for Washington's specialty wholesalers and retailers, but time will tell.


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