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Latest news
A little update from the Major Gifts team
A big hello from the Major Gifts team! Myself and Jeneen are the team who oversees the Children's Emergency and Trauma Department appeal. It's really exciting to be writing a blog to update you all on how the appeal is going and what your brilliant support is achieving!
Jeneen and I spend most of our time working with all the fantastic companies, Trusts, Foundations and individuals who are fundraising or making donations towards the appeal. Our partners for this appeal are the fantastic The Murray Parish Trust, without them our appeal would not have been possible! Sam Robson and the incredible team at The Murray Parish Trust have been working tirelessly to raise funds and we love getting to work in partnership with them. And of course we are grateful to Jim Murray and Sarah Parish who give so much of their time to support and energy to the cause.
We are always inspired by the brilliant things people do to support our charity. As fundraisers the best bit of our job is getting to meet you all. No two days are ever the same; one day we might be donning high-vis and a hard hat to show a Charitable Trust around the shell of the new building, presenting to a charity committee or even putting a company Director in plaster to raise money!
And why do we (and all of you brilliant fundraisers) do it?
At the moment it is for our Children's Emergency and Trauma Department and in the future we will be working to help fund more transformational projects, which will support thousands of patients at University Hospital Southampton (UHS).
Our appeal to fund a purpose built and state of the art paediatric emergency department started in 2016. Together with our fundraising partners The Murray Parish Trust we lobbied the government and were successful in securing £2m of matched funding to support the project. This, alongside the £1.1m of investment for UHS, meant we could get started fundraising!
After just over year of fundraising we had £1m of fundraised income in the bank and the build of the new department was able to commence in April! The construction company Brymor are creating a bespoke department; with bigger more private rooms, more treatment areas and a relocated Short Stay Unit for those poorly children who need further care! The whole department will be a "journey through Hampshire" with each area capturing the beauty of the county, from the New Forest to the water of the Solent.
The Acute Assessment Unit will be the first phase of the build to be completed and operational, this should happen this winter. After this the new reception, x-ray and treatment room will follow. In mid 2019 the whole department will be complete when the Short Stay Unit is up and running.
This new department will transform emergency care in the South of England, providing children and their families with the very best care, in the very best of environments. We know that coming to an Emergency Department can be a little scary for children, but the new department will make it feel as welcoming as possible.
We also know that for others a trip to the hospital can make them anxious or leave them feeling a bit bored! With its beautiful artwork, especially designed using feedback from children and young people, and distraction equipment, including LED sky panels and 3d V-pods, there will be plenty to keep little minds occupied.
The Children's Emergency and Trauma Department will be a lasting legacy, which will save thousands of lives each year. We could never have hoped to fund this new department without the support of people like you! To see how the whole community has gotten behind this appeal has been inspiring. We hope you never have to use the service, however if you do you'll know that your community helped to make it happen.
For us the most inspiring thing about working on this appeal has been seeing the passion and enthusiasm of the Emergency and Trauma Team. We mentioned at the start of this blog how much we love our jobs and all the strange things we end up doing for it, and the Emergency and Trauma team have been there with us every step of the way. They have joined us for pitches and presentations, as well as starring in videos and speaking on the radio. We can't help but be motivated by their excitement about the new department, and we cannot wait to see their faces when it is handed over to them!
So finally a huge thank you from us for all you have done to help make this appeal possible.
To make a donation to this appeal, go to: https://www.justgiving.com/campaigns/charity/suh/childrensed
Charlie, Major Gifts Manager


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Evaluation of Glutathione-S-Transferase P1 Polymorphism and its Relation to Bone Mineral Density in Egyptian Children and Adolescents with Beta-Thalassemia Major
Seham M. Ragab1,Eman A. Badr2 and Ahmed S. Ibrahim1
1 Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, NaserStreet, Shebeen El-koom, Menoufia,Egypt.
2 Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, NaserStreet, Shebeen El-koom, Menoufia,Egypt.
Received: September 19, 2015
Accepted: December 1, 2015
Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2016, 8(1): e2016004, DOI 10.4084/MJHID.2016.004
This article is available on PDF format at:
| This is an Open Access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: Osteoporosis is a major complication of beta thalassemia major (TM). Increased oxidative stress and its controlling genes were linked to osteoporosis. Ile105 Val variant is a functional polymorphism of Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), with reduced anti-oxidative property. No data are available about this variant or its association with osteoporosis among thalassemia patients yet.
Objectives: To investigate Ile105Val polymorphism and its possible association with bone mineral density (BMD) values in a group of TM children.
Methods: Thirty five TM children and 30 age and sex matched healthy controls were included. Liver and renal functions, serum ferritin, calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were assayed. BMD was determined by DXA with calculation of Z-scores at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). Height for age Z-score (HAZ) adjusted BMD Z-scores were calculated. GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Results: The relative frequency of 105 Val allele was significantly higher in TM patients than the controls (p<0.0001). Significant association between genotype subgroups and BMD parameters was detected. Compared to wild homozygotes, polymorphic homozygotes had lower LS-BMD (p=0.029), LS-BMD Z –score (p=0.008), LS- BMDhaz - Z-score (p=0.011), FN- BMD (p=0.001), FN- BMD Z –score (p=0.02) and FN-BMDhaz - Z-score (p=0.001). They exhibited higher osteocalcin levels compared to heterozygotes and wild homozygotes (p=0.012, p=0.013, respectively).
Conclusion: Ile105Val polymorphism was frequent among TM patients and could increase their susceptibility to reduced BMD. Large sample studies are required to confirm these findings.
Thalassemia major (TM) is the severest form of beta (β)-thalassemia.
It is characterized by life-threatening anemia and iron overload.[1] As
a result of regular blood transfusions and increased compliance with
iron chelation therapy, the life expectancy of β-thalassemia patients
has greatly improved over the last years. However, this improvement is
often accompanied by a series of grave complications including
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone tissue micro-architecture with increased fracture risk.[3]
Thalassemia osteopathy is multi-factorial and culminates in a state of increased bone turnover with excessive bone resorption and remodeling. Hormonal deficiency, bone marrow expansion, high iron stores, deferoxamine toxicity, small body size, low baseline hemoglobin (Hb), delayed puberty and calcium/vitamin D deficiency are important risk factors.[4]
However, BMD is a complex quantitative trait that is genetically controlled in 50–90% of the cases according to twin and family studies.[5]
Genetic factors implication in osteoporosis among thalassemia patients has become a topic of widespread interest during the last decade. Polymorphisms of several genes, known to influence BMD, including collagen type I A1 (COLIA1),[6] vitamin D receptor (VDR)[7] and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)[8] have been previously investigated among thalassemia patients. However, the results were controversial.[9]
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a super-family of genes whose gene products are enzymes responsible for catalyzing the bio-transformation of a variety of electrophilic compounds. Thus, they perform a pivotal role in the detoxification of activated metabolites of pro-carcinogens.[10]
GSTP1 -a pi class of the GST enzyme family- is the most prevalent isoform in non-hepatic tissues.[11] Its gene is located on chromosome 11q13.[12] Ile105Val polymorphism is a single nucleotide polymorphism in GSTP1 gene, caused by substitution of isoleucine for valine at amino acid codon 105. This substantially diminishes the enzyme activity and reduces its effective detoxification capacity.[13]
There is a growing body of evidence associating increased oxidative stress and low circulating antioxidants levels with reduced BMD and osteoporosis.[14-16]
Few studies have addressed the association between osteoporosis and polymorphisms of genes coding for enzymes involved in the anti-oxidative defense system.[17-20]
However, the published data about the association between GSTP1 polymorphism and osteoporosis are so scarce. There are no reports about this polymorphism among thalassemia patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of GSTP1 (Ile105Val) polymorphism and its possible association with BMD values in a group of Egyptian children and adolescents with β -TM.
Materials and Methods
Study population:
This cross sectional case-control study included 35 children and
adolescents with TM (23 males and 12 females) who were recruited from
the regular attendants of the Pediatric Hematology Clinic, Menoufia
University Hospital, Egypt. Their ages ranged from 10-18 years with a
mean age of 13.74 ±3.31 years. They were on regular packed red cell
transfusion since infancy to maintain pre-transfusion hemoglobin (Hb)
above 7.5 gm/dl and post transfusion Hb above 10gm/dl. Although, out of
the international recommendation for TM transfusion, this regimen was
the applicable one according to packed RBCs availability in our center
and the compliance degree of our patients. Patients with diabetes
mellitus (DM), abnormal thyroid functions, abnormal renal functions,
serological evidence of hepatitis B or C and those under hormonal
replacement therapy were excluded.
Thirty (15 males and 15 females), age, sex and ethnicity matched healthy children were involved as a control group. Their ages ranged from 10-18 years with a mean age of 14.33±2.66 years. They had normal complete blood count (CBC), Hb electrophoresis with no previous history of anemia, blood transfusion, liver or renal disease or family history of hemolytic anemia. They had been randomly selected from children presenting to our general outpatient clinic for follow up or with non-specific complaints.
The included adolescents (21 in the patient group and 22 in the controls) were non-smokers.
All included children were of native Egyptian ethnicity, which were born and lived in Menoufia governorate (one of Nile Delta governorates of North Egypt).
The study was conducted between July 2012 and December 2014. Informed consent was taken from the legal guardians of the included children before participation and ethical clearance from Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University ethical committee was obtained.
Included patients were subjected to detailed history and thorough clinical examination. Clinico-demographic data were collected including history of chelation during the last year and vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Special emphasis was given for the presence of bone pain and the history bone fractures. All patients were under regular chelation therapy. Twenty two children (62.9%) were on regular subcutaneous deferoxamine (DFO) infusion (30–50 mg/kg/day, 5 days/ week), 7(20 %) were on oral deferasirox (20–30 mg/kg/day) and 6 children (17.1%) were on oral deferiprone (75-100 mg/kg/day). Their compliance for chelation therapy was 60-70% (mean of 64.4± 3.8 %, median of 65%). According to our national recommended protocol for thalassemia management, all patients were supplemented with vitamin D (400 IU/day) and calcium (500 mg/day). History of splenectomy was documented in 10 patients (28.6%).
For each participant, body weight and height were measured by the standard methods with estimation of body mass index (BMI = weight in kg/height in m2). Height, weight and BMI for age Z-scores were calculated using the 2000 growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[21] Sexual maturity stage was assessed according to the criteria of Tanner.[22]
Bone mineral density: BMD evaluation was performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Norland–XR-46, USA, version 3.9.6/2.3.1) at lumbar spines (LS) (L1-L4) and femoral neck (FN). The BMD, results were converted to age- and gender-specific z scores based on the normative reference data for BMD in Egyptian children.
Due to the considerable height deficits for TM patients, BMD z -scores were then adjusted for height-for-age z score (HAZ) using the equations provided by Zemel et al.[23] According to the Pediatric Position Development Conference (PDC) of The International Society of Clinical Densitometry (ISCD),[24] BMD Z -scores of less than or equal to - 2, without a clinically significant fracture history, was defined as low BMD for chronologic age. While, osteoporosis was defined as BMD Z-scores of less than or equal to - 2 with a clinically significant fracture history with the term of osteopenia is no longer be used.
Laboratory investigations: Laboratory investigations included CBC using AC920 Autocounter (pre-transfusion values were considered for the patient group) and quantitative colorimetric measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea, serum creatinine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Ph) and total alkaline phosphatase (TALK). Serum ferritin was estimated by a two-site immune-luminometric assay (Byk- Sangtec Diagnostica). The mean serum ferritin level in the previous 2 years was calculated (on the average of four determinations per year) for each patient. Determination of osteocalcin in the serum was performed by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) method (Human Osteocalcin ELISA, Diagnostic Systems Laboratories, Inc., Webster, TX, USA).
GSTP1 genotyping: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen Hilden, Germany). DNA eluted in buffer AE was stored at -20° C for polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The GSTP1 Ile105Val substitution was detected by allele specific PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).[25]
PCR was carried out to a total volume of 25 μl of solution containing 10 × PCR buffer [16.6 mmol/l (NH4)2SO4, 20.0 mmol/l MgCl2, pH 8.8, 1.2 μl Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1.2 μl Dithiothreitol (DTT); Genecraft, Germany)], 100 ng of genomic DNA, 1 U of Taq DNA polymerase(Genecraft, Germany), 200 μmol/l deoxynucleoside triphosphates(dNTPS); (Stratagene, USA) and 25 pmol of GSTP1 primers(forward primer; 5-GTA GTT TGC CCA AGGTCA AG-3 and reverse primer 5-AGC CAC CTG AGG GG TAAG -3., Midland, Texas).PCR amplification was performed in a programmable Perkin Elmer thermal cycler 2400 (USA) as follows: 94°C for 3 minutes followed by 5 cycles at 94°C for 15 seconds, 64°C for 30 seconds and 72°C for 1 minute during which the annealing temperature decreased by 1°C for each cycle. This was followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 15 seconds, annealing at 59°C for 30 seconds and extension at 72°C for 1 minute followed by a final polymerization step at 72°C for 5 minutes. A negative control (PCR without template) was included in each set of PCR reactions. The amplification products were separated by electrophoresis through 3% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide with one band was observed (442bp). The PCR product of the GSTP1 gene was then digested by 5 U Alw261 restriction enzyme (Fermentas). The mixture was incubated for 4 hours at 37ºC then 10 μl of the products were loaded into 3% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide for electrophoresis and was visualized under ultraviolet trans-illuminator. The digestion products resulted in 329 and 113bp bands for Ile/Ile (AA; wild homozygote), 329, 216 and113bp bands for Ile/Val (AG; heterozygote for the polymorphism) and 216 and 113bp bands for Val/Val (GG; homozygote for the polymorphism) genotypes (Figure 1).
Statistical Analysis.
The data were processed on an IBM-PC compatible computer using SPSS
version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous variables were
presented as mean ± SD, while for categorical variables, numbers (%)
were used. Allele frequencies were estimated by the gene counting.
Chi-square (χ2) test was used for comparison of the categorical
variables. Student's t- and ANOVA tests were used to compare continuous
parametric variables in two and more than two groups, respectively.
While Mann-Whitney (U) and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for comparing
non parametric variables in two and more than two groups, respectively.
The least significant difference test (for parametric variables) and
Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test (for non-parametric
variables) were applied for comparisons between individual groups when
appropriate. Pearson and Spearman Rank correlation coefficients were
applied for parametric and non-parametric data respectively. All tests
were two-tailed and p value <0.05 was considered statistically
Patients characteristics:
Weight Z–score <-2 was found in 13 patients (37.1%), height Z-score
<-2 was found in 11 patients (31.4%) while BMI Z –score <-2 was
found in 8 patients (22.9%). All patients had history of bone pain.
Long bone fractures of the lower limb were documented in 2 patients
(5.7%) and were related to minor trauma.
Children with TM had significantly lower body weight, height, BMI and their Z-scores compared to the controls. Delayed puberty was found in 57.14% of the patients (20/35). Patients had significantly lower pre-transfusion Hb, significantly higher ALT, ALK, the mean yearly ferritin and osteocalcin levels without significant difference in AST, blood urea, serum creatinine, calcium or phosphorous compared to the controls (Table 1). Hypocalcemia was diagnosed in 3 patients (8.57%) and hyperphosphatemia was found in 2 patients (5.71%). These 5 patients had hypo-parathyrodism.
|Table 1. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and GSTP1 analysis of studied groups.
DXA study revealed significant lower BMD values and Z
–scores as well as BMD haz Z-scores at both LS and FN in TM patients
compared to the controls (p<0.0001) (Table 1).
Low for chronological age BMD Z–scores at LS and FN were found in
88.57% (31/35) and 57.14% (20/35) of the patients respectively.
Applying HAZ adjusted values, low for chronological age BMDhaz
Z scores were found in 51.43% (18/35) and in 40% (14/35) of the
patients at LS and FN respectively. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 2
male patients (5.7%). There was no significant difference between males
and females in any of the tested parameters including DXA scan
parameters (p>0.05) (Table 3).
Both BMD Z-score at LS and its HAZ adjusted values had significant inverse correlation with serum ferritin (r=-0.525, p=0.001 and r=-0.433, p=0.009, respectively; Figure 2). Both FN-BMD Z-score and its HAZ adjusted values had a negative correlation trend with serum ferritin (r=-0.33, p=0.05).
GSTP1 genotyping: The 105Val allele was found in 50.77% (33/65) of all studied children (the patients and the controls), with an allele frequency of 0.338 in the whole group, 0.51 in the patient group and 0.13 in the control group. The allele frequency and the polymorphism relative subgroups frequency (homozygotes and heterozygotes) were significantly prevalent in TM children compared to the controls (p<0.0001) (Table 1).
Comparison of different GSTP1 genotypes: Among children with TM, no significant difference was found in the clinical parameters between Ile105Val polymorphism genotype subgroups. Patients with Ile105Val polymorphism (homozygotes and heterozygotes) had significant lower BMD- LS, BMD LS-Z- score, FN- BMD and FN - BMD haz Z-score (p<0.05) with modest significant lower BMDhaz Z-score at LS (p=0.05) than those without this polymorphism. No significant difference was found in any of the tested biochemical parameters between patients with Ile105Val polymorphism and those who do not carry this polymorphism. Significant association was found between Ile105Val polymorphism genotype subgroups and BMD (p<0.05). Post hoc analysis revealed that heterozygotes had significant lower FN-BMD and FN-BMDhaz Z-score (p=0.006 and 0.02, respectively) with modest lower LS- BMD (p=0.05) and LS- BMD Z-score (p=0.08) compared to the wild homozygotes. In comparison to wild homozygotes, Ile105Val polymorphism homozygotes had significant lower LS-BMD (p=0.029), LS-BMD Z–score (p=0.008), LS- BMDhaz Z-score (p=0.011),FN- BMD (p=0.001),FN- BMD Z–score (p=0.02) and FN- BMDhaz Z-score (p=0.001). Polymorphism homozygotes also had a trend of lower LS- BMDhaz Z-score than the heterozygotes (p=0.09). Osteocalcin level was significantly higher in the polymorphic homozygotes compared to heterozygotes and wild homozygotes (p=0.012 and p=0.013, respectively). No significant difference was observed regarding the other tested parameters (Table 2, Figure 3).
|Table 2. Comparison between different GSTP1 genotypes in patients with TM regarding to different parameters.
|Table 3. Comparison between males and females thalassemic patients regarding to different parameters.
|Figure 2. A. Correlation between BMD Z score LS and the mean yearly serum ferritin among the patient group. B. Correlation between BMD HAZ -Z LS and the mean yearly serum ferritin among the patient group
|Figure 3. A. Comparison between different GSTP1 genotypes in DXA scan parameters among the patient group. B. Comparison between different GSTP1 genotypes in the studied laboratory parameters among the patient group.
Several lines of evidence have found a tight association between oxidative stress and its genetic control and reduced BMD.[14-20]
For the first time, we investigated the frequency of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism in a group of children with TM compared to age, sex and race matched healthy non-related Egyptian children.
Distinct ethnic differences exist in the frequency of this polymorphism.[26]
The polymorphic allele was found in 50.77% (33/65) of all included children. The detected allele frequency of 0.338 and genotype distribution (49.23%, 33.85% and 16.92% for Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes, respectively) are more or less similar to what was reported among Africans (0.343 for the allele frequency and the 45.14%, 41.09% and 13.77 for Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes, respectively.[27,28]
Little data are available about Ile 105Val polymorphism among Egyptians. In 300 Egyptians subjects (112 with type 2 DM and 188 healthy), this polymorphism was found in 23.33 % of the studied group (70 out of 300); all were heterozygotes with an allele frequency of 0.116.[29] The difference between these results and that of our study could be related to the difference in the sample size or the included primary disease category.
Ile 105Val polymorphism (both in hetero- and homozygous states) was significantly prevalent among TM patients than the controls. As far as we know, no similar studies were done among patients with thalassemia to compare. Nevertheless, this polymorphism was studied among patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) with contradictory results. In a Brazilian study, significant higher frequency of 105Val polymorphism both in hetero- and homozygous states was found among SCA patients than the controls.[30] However, similar allele frequencies and genotype distribution of this polymorphism were found in 50 Egyptian SCA patients and healthy controls in another study.[31] Higher frequency of 105Val polymorphism among β-thalassemia patients detected in this work and among SCA patients in the previous Brazilian study[30] compared to the healthy controls may suggest genetic linkage between,GSTP1 gene (11q13) and β- globin gene (11p15).
Oxidative stress related osteopathy may be related to several mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) could antagonize Wnt signaling required for osteo-blastogenesis, thereby attenuating bone formation.[32] Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress inhibits osteoblastic differentiation via extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and ERK dependent nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway.[33]
GSTP1 iso-enzymes play a regulatory role in cellular signaling involved in controlling stress response.[34] Its bone protective action is exerted through coordinated regulation of stress kinases (increase p38, ERK, and NF-κB activities together with suppression of JNK signaling), thus contributing in protection against ROS-mediated bone cell apoptosis.[33,35]
Ile105Val polymorphism is located within the active site of the enzyme. This augments its importance in reducing enzyme activity with increased cell sensitization to free radical-mediated damage.[36] Hence, it may be considered as a possible predisposing factor for ROS associated diseases like osteoporosis.
Thalassemia major is a disease of enhanced oxidative stress and high ROS levels, in which iron overload is the master player via the Fenton reaction.[37]
So, this disease is a good candidate for the influence of genetic polymorphism affecting the oxidative process especially Ile 105 Val polymorphism. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to evaluate the effect of this polymorphism with regard to BMD among thalassemia patients. It also has the novelty of application of HAZ adjusted BMD Z–scores as a more reliable measure for children with linear growth or maturation delay like TM children.[24]
Ile 105Val polymorphism was significantly prevalent among our studied TM children - with their high prevalence of low BMD - compared to the controls. In addition, the salient finding of this study was the presence of significant association between 105Val allele even in the heterozygous state and reduced BMD in these children. These findings could raise the assumption that this polymorphism plays a role in their predisposition to reduced BMD.
Osteocalcin is an important marker of bone turnover.[38] Its detected high level among the studied TM patients could indicate that these patients had preserved bone formation despite severe bone destruction.[39]
Among the studied TM patients, 105Val allele in the homozygous state was significantly associated with high osteocalcin level. This finding could suggest a possible role of this polymorphism in enhancing bone turnover among thalassemia patients.
Data from the only similar published study performed on Slovenian women,[40] revealed some consistent findings with this study. The authors reported significant association between Ile105Val genotype subgroups and osteocalcin levels in osteopenic post-menopausal women being significantly higher in 105Val polymorphism homozygotes compared to the wild homozygotes. In contrast to our results, the researchers detected non-significant increase in BMD values at all tested sites (LS and FN) in the heterozygotes with non-significant reduction of these values in the homozygotes of this polymorphism. Co-inheritance of 105Val and 114 Val alleles caused borderline significant lower BMD –FN values and increased osteocalcin concentrations compared to carriers lacking this combination.
The discordance between our results and that of the Slovenian study might be partly due to the difference in the included populations and to what is known that the 105 Val allele exhibits different activity, affinity and thermo-stability according to substrates.[41] Furthermore, phenotypic expression of GSTP1 polymorphisms could be mediated by interactions with other polymorphic loci of other GST family genes.[40]
The underlying mechanisms of iron induced low BMD are not fully elucidated yet. In vitro data indicated that iron-induced bone damage was predominantly attributable to ROS mediated disequilibrium between bone formation and resorption.[42]
Although less reliable, serum ferritin is the wildly accepted parameter of iron overload among thalassemia patients in clinical practice.[43]
The results of this study revealed significant inverse correlation between LS-Z-score and its HAZ adjusted values with the mean yearly serum ferritin level indicating the contribution of iron overload on reduced BMD which comes in line with what was reported.[4]
Few previous studies have investigated the effect GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes polymorphisms on iron overload among thalassemia patients with controversial results[44-47] without data for GSTP1 polymorphism in this regard.
No significant association was found between 105Val polymorphism and the mean yearly serum ferritin as an estimate for iron overload among the studied TM patients. So, we could assume that, the deleterious impact of 105Val allele on BMD among TM patients was not through favoring more iron overload, but it could be through enhancing iron generated ROS damaging effect.
Iron overload-induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with delayed puberty is another mechanism of osteoporosis in TM patients.[39] In this work delayed puberty did not differ among different Ile105Val genotypes, a finding that excludes delayed puberty as a conflicting factor. Moreover, exclusion of smokers eliminates the confounding effect of smoking.
The small sample size and the single locality are the limitation of this study. So, our results could be considered preliminary.
Regarding the effect of ethnicity, it is known that, the vast majority of the Egyptians (98%) have the Egyptian (Arabs) ethnicity, while other ethnicities constitute the minority [Berber, Nubian, Bedouin, and Beja about 1%, Greek, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) about 1%]. All participants of this study (the patients and the controls) were ethnically homogeneous as they are native Peasant Egyptians. Moreover, all of them originated from the same environment and have similar lifestyles. This could reduce the possibility of ethnic difference influence.
Ile 105Val polymorphism was significantly prevalent among the studied TM children compared to the controls. This polymorphism was associated with a remarkable reduction of BMD and elevation of osteocalcin levels especially among the homozygotes. This could highlight the significant relevance of this polymorphism as a candidate gene for osteoporosis in TM patients. The results affirm the hypothesis that ineffective ROS detoxification may be a risk for decreased BMD values. Multicenter studies with large samples and on other ethnic populations are required to confirm these findings.
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- Voskaridou E, Terpos E. New insights into the pathophysiology and management of osteoporosis in patients with beta thalassaemia. Br J Haematol. 2004 ;127:127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05143.x PMid:15461618
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- Wonke B, Jensen C, Hanslip JJ, Prescott E, Lalloz M, Layton M, Erten S, Tuck S, Agnew JE, Raja K, Davies K, Hoffbrand AV. Genetic and acquired predisposing factors and treatment of osteoporosis in thalassaemia major. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1998;11 Supp l 3:795-801.
- Ferrara M, Matarese SM, Francese M, Borrelli B, Coppola A, Coppola L, Esposito L. Effect of VDR polymorphisms on growth and bone mineral density in homozygous beta thalassaemia. Br J Haematol. 2002 ; 117(2):436-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03426.x PMid:11972530
- Singh K, Agarwal S, Shukla A, Gupta S. A sequence variation: 713-8del C in the transforming growth factor beta 1 gene polymorphism in thalassemia major patients. J Clin Densitom. 2014 ;17(1):185-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2013.04.004 PMid:23790953
- Gaudio A, Morabito N, Xourafa A, Currò M, Caccamo D, Ferlazzo N, Macrì I, La Rosa MA, Meo A, Ientile R. Role of genetic pattern on bone mineral density in thalassemic patients. Clin Biochem. 2010; 43(10-11):805-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.04.070 PMid:20444423
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- Shiba HF, El-Ghamrawy MK, Shaheen IA, Ali RA, Mousa SM. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) in Egyptian pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Dev Pathol.2014;4:265-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2350/14-03-1452-OA.1 PMid:24840051
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- Vasieva O. The many faces of glutathione transferase pi. Curr Mol Med.2011; 11(2):129- 39 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156652411794859278 PMid:21342130
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- Ghone RA, Kumbar KM, Suryakar AN, Katkam RV, Joshi NG. Oxidative stress and disturbance in antioxidant balance in beta thalassemia major. Indian J Clin Biochem.2008; 23(4):337- 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12291-008-0074-7 PMid:23105782 PMCid:PMC3453139
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- Eren E, Yilmaz N. Biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in patients with beta-thalassaemia major. Int J Clin Pract.2005;1: 46-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00358.x PMid:15707464
- Mlakar SJ, Prezelj J, Marc J. Testing GSTP1 genotypes and haplotypes interactionsin Slovenian post-/pre-menopausal women: novel involvement of glutathione S-transferases in bone remodeling process. Maturitas.2012; 71(2):180- 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.023 PMid:22221655
- Ali-Osman F, Akande O, Antoun G, Mao JX, Buolamwini J. Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of full-length cDNAs of three human glutathione S-transferase Pi gene variants. Evidence for differential catalytic activity of the encoded proteins. J BiolChem.1997;272(15):10004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.15.10004 PMid:9092542
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subset: commoncrawl


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I'm hoping it was the winds of change that I was feeling yesterday!!!
I'll admit I had a huge problem with handing the reigns of our nation over to someone with the middle name, Hussein. That was my hangup. So much so that I didn't really follow the election...like I said before I considered it a big joke.
But, I made myself watch Obamas's acceptance speech Tuesday night and was quite impressed.
I don't care what color you are or what your religion...what happened here was amazing. Before the decision...I was losing a little faith in our country. I had lost a little pride in being an American. But, sitting in front of the tv watching the president elect speak for the first time...I have to say that I am very proud of our nation.
We've come a long way and there's no telling where we'll go from here. Go us!
Thursday, November 6, 2008
Did you feel that?
I'm hoping it was the winds of change that I was feeling yesterday!!!
1 comments:
- Kameron said...
My husband had that same problem. I was also very impressed with his speech. The fact that the youth of the nation was motivated in record numbers to vote says a lot. I think the younger generation has a lot of "me first" thinking, but this time they finally realized that they needed to have a say in the future of our country.
- November 6, 2008 at 9:54 AM


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Paul Nijs (1998 Weert, The Netherlands) started with percussion when he was about eight years old.
As a soloist, he has participated in several competitions, including LBM and LBT-Competitions, Dutch Championships, International Ensemble & Soloists Contest (IESC), the prestigious Princess Christina Competition (PCC) and competitions in Weert.
He attended masterclasses by Lennard Nijs, Nanae Mimura, Garrett Mendelow, Nicolas Suter & Jacques Hostettler (Tchiki Duo), Martin Verdonk, Ramon Lormans and Raymond Curfs.
In 2011 he won during the IESC with the highest number of points of all percussion divisions, and he achieved at the Princess Christina Competition an 'Honourable Mention' that was presented by the Commissioner of the King of Brabant. In 2013 he became Dutch Champion Marimba for the third time. He became for the third time Limburgs Champion in 2014.
During Queensday 2011 in Weert, he has participated as a percussionist in the orchestra that consisted of several amateur and professional musicians. In the period of September – November 2013, he was a percussionist in the Youth Symphony Orchestra Amikejo during the Autumn Project 'Show Your Talent'.
In 2014 Paul went through a number of musical highlights, including a concert at the 'Meeting Day' at Herman van Veen's estate 'De Paltz' in Soest and a concert during the 'Prinsjesbal' which was held in the context of Prince's Day in Sorority 'De Witte' in The Hague.
In addition to solo performances, Paul was one of the percussionist in the 'Orchestra of the Netherlands', which was broadcast from the Grote Zaal of the Royal Concertgebouw Amsterdam during a live television broadcast in 2014. Martijn Krabbé and Dominic Seldis were the presenters. After they had completed a musical quest, there were 65 amateur musicians to give an one-time only concert in the Royal Concertgebouw Amsterdam.
The year 2014 was particularly closed during the concert tour to Shanghai with Harmonie St.-Joseph 1880 Weert. A varied program was performed in special and beautiful concert halls. During the concerts, Paul was one of the soloists.
Other attractive concerts and projects were i.a. 'Art in the Room' Amersfoort, Christoffel Chamber Concerts in Roermond and concerts in Theater Farm 'Boeket'.
The Cultural Management of Maastricht organizes yearly 'Culture on Sunday' where soloists and ensembles are offered a stage. Paul has given concerts in the Dominican Church, on the O.L.-Vrouweplein and on the world famous Vrijthof in Maastricht.
During the theatrical performance 'i-Am', Paul has accompanied the famous dancer Joost Vrouenraets during a mini-tour through Limburg. The performances were among other things in Grathem, Maastricht and Venlo.
As a timpanist he participated in the musical 'Chess in Concert', the Musical 'Wieërt 601' and in 2016, the musical West Side Story is programmed.
In June 2015, it was able to hear Paul in the Radio 4 program 'Podium op Zaterdag' together with presenter Wouter Pleijsier.
[February, 2016]


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Geelong City Yoga
Yoga in the heart of Geelong
Strengthen your body, build flexibility and vitality, develop clarity and mindfulness.
Geelong City Yoga is a long-established school, with a fully equipped studio and highly qualified and experienced teachers.
We offer classes for all levels, from complete beginner to advanced students, as well as specific programs for corporate clients and other private groups.


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Squats Not Your Thing? Here's 5 Alternatives.
For every person who swears by squats, there are at least ten others out there who hate doing them, for whatever reason. If you're one of those people who don't like to do squats, you'll be glad to know there are other ways you can get the quads, glutes, and hamstrings you want. You can do your own squat challenge to see if you can get those same results with other exercises. Below you will find information on five different exercises which provide the same results as squats. Try giving yourself a squat challenge where you do other exercise in order to obtain the same results you would get from squats.


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by Helene Torres
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"The greatest thing, you'll ever learn, is to love someone and be loved in return."
This immortal line is from the film "Moulin Rouge" which begins and ends with that phrase. Love is very important in the world today. Most of the songs written, are about that subject, from undying love to heartbreak. There is a song or film for every occasion.
Now I claim to love chocolate. To love chocolate is fairly safe – okay it might make me fat, but inanimate objects can't answer back, can't reject you, but they can't love you. Not even Jemma's homemade chocolate brownies are special enough for me to hold a relationship with them. Unfortunately for me, God did not instruct us to love chocolate. In fact He warns against placing too much importance on money and other worldly things, "Do not store your treasure up on earth, where thieves break in to steal it."
Paul says, that God places love above all things.
"I may speak in many different languages of men and even angels, but if I have not loved, I am a noisy bell or crashing symbol… I may have faith so great it can move mountains, but if I have not loved it is nothing." 1 Corinthians 13 v 3
Love is a choice. People will try blackmail, guilt-tripping, even buying love, but no-one can force you to love them. Jesus gives us a 2 fold command – to love His Father and other people. Loving the God, who created me, suffered a hideous death for me and is perfect, I find fairly easy, at least when compared with loving people. I know God uses people to test my faithfulness to Him. He lines my path with infuriating, imperfect people, who have the uncanny ability, to get right up my nose. People who leave their house keys in the outside of the front door. People who leave Wheeto's wrappers down the sofa. People who almost give themselves asthma attacks by breathing in while eating icing sugar straight from the packet. People like me, with as many, though different faults as I have and then God asks us to love them. He asks us, as Christians, to love sort of people who I cross the street to avoid and who always have to phone me. Matthew 5 states; "If you only love the people who loved you, you will get no reward. Even the tax collectors and pagans do that." He commands us to love them – not to change them!!
LIFESONG by Casting Crowns is probably among the most listened to Albums within my twenties and thirties group. One of the songs is called "Love them like Jesus." It goes through a couple of scenarios where the artist feels out of his depth. He is with people who have just lost someone very dear to them and he just doesn't know how to help. What to do. What to say. He eventually comes to the conclusion that, in order to help, he doesn't require answers to the various questions that come out of circumstances like that. He should just love them as Jesus would do, but how do we show that kind of love?
"How do I love thee? Let me count the ways." Elizabeth Barrett Browning asked and endeavoured to answer this question in one of her sonnets. There are various ways people communicate love. God designed us, so that every person is genetically unique and has differing pasts. Therefore it shouldn't surprise us that people convey their love in so many different ways. Here are a few:
There's the PHYSICAL TOUCH. Now, I'm not a touchy, feely sort of person. I hate facials, people messing with my hair and the thought of having a foot massage sends shivers up my spine. However some people need that physical contact to feel loved and show love in the same way. Last year I was struggling and John asked one of my good friends to take communion around. As she was taking it, she simply put her hand on my shoulder – no words, nothing else. It was a private communication that she was there and cared. In that simple gesture, I felt so much warmth, love and understanding, not only from her, but also from God.
Jesus wasn't afraid to touch people. He wanted the kids to come to Him when His friends tried to turn them away. He washed the disciples feet Himself – a job reserved for servants. He wasn't afraid of physical contact with people who society deemed it inappropriate to be seen with. - He laid hands on lepers and wasn't embarrassed that the woman with a bleeding problem had touched him. In John 9, we hear an account from a previously blind man, "The man named Jesus made some mud and put it on my eyes…and now I can see".
Another way, people show love is through their words. What people are really like, often comes out in their words. In James 3, it compares the tongue to a small rudder, which controls a large ship. Matthew 12 v 33 says "A tree is known by the kind of fruit it produces." Like it or not, words hold power – they have the power to totally destroy someone's self esteem or make someone feel 10 feet tall. Sometimes a simple compliment can change someone's life. I wouldn't have considered changing my degree from Philosophy, if my Watercolour Tutor hadn't told me, he thought I had a lot of potential. I knew I liked art, but my family weren't particularly artistic and I hadn't stood out in school, so I had been unaware of my creative prospects. I wouldn't have come to Carmarthen to study Art, without those words of encouragement.
Personally, I find words so precious that I keep a notebook of the encouraging things people have said to me. In truth I shouldn't need a tiny notebook to confirm to me that I am special and build my confidence. The God of the Universe gave me His book of encouragement and that's all I should require. Psalm 139 tells me I am special. He formed me in my mother's womb and said I am wonderfully made. He knows everything about me and yet still loves me more than I could possibly imagine.
My mum shows her love by giving her QUALITY TIME. My Gran and her mother, never quite got the technique of listening, but enjoyed talking immensely. Basically, your role within my Gran's monologue was to go "Yes," Yes" "Yes" " Oh is it?" and you could quite easily put the phone down, go to the toilet and run back with her completely unaware that you'd gone. Mum spent about an hour, four times a week, on the phone being talked at. I did ring Gran, because she was lonely, but I'd off forgotten the insignificant details, within five minutes of finishing the conversation. The truth is, I couldn't be bothered to remember. My mind was on other things of greater importance (– what was for tea tonight.) My mum on the other hand, would of been able to reel off my Grans bingo scores 2 days later and remember to ask the appropriate questions. Time is a precious commodity. By giving up our time, we are giving something we will never get back.
Jesus gave His time willing to the people, His friends and to God. Jesus didn't have "me time!" He didn't need "His own space!" Anytime spent alone was held with God, in quiet prayer. Jesus spent quality time with the disciples – they did things together just as my own, group of friends do. They shared meals, extended conversations and went places together. (I'm sure if they had a Jerusalem version of Monopoly, they'd off played that.) It takes a while for me to trust people and allow them to share the more intimate details of my thoughts, my feelings and my life. The disciples got to know the REAL Jesus and were privileged to be given incite into His teachings. Matthew 13 v 11, states Jesus says to his disciples; "You have been chosen to know the secrets about the kingdom of Heaven…" Anyone who spends quality time with God in prayer or reading the Bible will know He is always ready and waiting to meet them.
I have an uncle who communicates his affection for his family and friends through gifts and generosity. As a child, he'd turn up on Bonfire Night armed with a huge tin of Roses, a large box of fireworks/sparklers and if he took us shopping… my goodness, you only had to glance at that Wildlife Colouring Book and it would be yours! Gifts show love, whether it's that postcard that simply states "I saw this and I thought of you!" or the car your parents bought you.
I admit I regard, the spare money in my bank account as my personal property, to be spent in Monsoon or saved. In actual fact, there is nothing on this earth that is truly mine, as God gave me everything I own. I should be using the things He's given me, to make others lives better and cause to feel loved. A friend, who is far from well off is a real example to me. He will halt my protests to him "treating me" to a meal out with the words, "Hey…I've got a good Father." We've all got that "generous Father" and just like the woman who shared her last meal with Elijah, if we give out to others, we will be rewarded, Matthew 6 v 2 says "Your Father, will see what is done…and He will reward you." We can never out-give God! His generosity is limitless. He gives us everything we need. He's provided a world full of beauty and He even gave us His son.
The other way to show love is through SERVICE. Some people believe "actions speak louder than words" and if you're words aren't from the heart, it's true. In the Parable of the Two Sons, the first son says "no" to his fathers requests to go and work in the field, but later goes and does it. His brother responds, "Yes" but this is just an empty word, because the job doesn't get done by him. The people who have servant hearts often don't wait to be asked – if they see a job that needs doing, they want to help. Mother Teresa is the obvious example of a person who lived to serve. She devoted her life to working with the poor in Calcutta. She opened homes for orphans, gave out food and medicine and cared for the people in the slums.
To her and many others serving people is serving God. If you truly love someone, you won't be able to avoid making sacrifises, whether that's devoting your life to caring for your wheelchair-bound wife or just doing the washing up. Jesus was a servant. He had no impressions of grandeur inspite of all the admiration His miraculous works and teaching gained. He gave His Father all the glory. He had humble beginning, born in a stable to an ordinary girl. Even on His triumphant entry into Jerusalem, Jesus chose to ride a donkey – the lowest of the low. The greatest form of service the world has ever known was the King or Kings demeaning Himself by dying for His creation.
Jesus showed love in all these ways and we should be willing to imitate this aspect of Him, by moving outside our own comfort zone for the other person. It is pointless trying to explain to a young child who wants a cuddle, that although you won't hug her, you actually do love her. You just show your love in other ways. If you don't respond to those open arms then that child will go away feeling unloved. Adults aren't as open in asking for love. We have a way of expecting everyone to behave as we would, showing love in the same way. We are left feeling rejected and unloved when love is not offered in the way we are anticipating.
I have needed to learn and relearn the lesson, that what I give out of love – whether that be service, gifts or quality time, I shouldn't expect back. Neither should I give to receive, that warm glowing feeling I get from being "Thanked, from the bottom of someone's heart." In truth, I have already received my reward in those circumstances. Sometimes people will never connect how much you've done for them. My sister noticed a ticket on mum's car. It was mums mistake, but she paid it without telling her. Jenny will never get "thanked" for that sacrifice or get that Ł30 back.
There's also the other side of the coin, where I have to accept support or love from people. I can't drive and so have to accept lifts from everyone. I know I will never be able to save those people a car journey, but there are other favours I do for them. There are some people in my life, who I feel guilty about, because I know I will never be able to repay them, for all the help they've given me and continue to give. I have had to accept that maybe God doesn't want me to give back to that particular person and trust that He will pay them in full and His gifts are much better than I could ever give. Any little thing, I do for these people I am so happy to do because I owe them so much.
By nature, the majority of people want to repay debts. Many people strive to be good enough to be close to God, but we can never do enough, because sin is a genetic disorder. It was past down through the generations from Adam and we cannot earn forgiveness. Jesus paid the price for my sin and my only part is to lift my hands and accept His gift of love – life and a relationship with God. We should love others because God loves us. We should love God. Because He first loved us.
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God is Not Against You - He Came on an All Out Rescue Mission to Save You
...in Christ God was reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them... 2 Cor 5:19
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Did you know that May is National Vinegar Month? We have rounded up 10 tasty recipes with vinegar for you to enjoy this month, as well as a little history about the holiday to help you enjoy vinegar all May long.
Deviled Eggs | A Family Feast
Vegan Dark Chocolate Triple Layer Cake | Flour On My Face
Fun Facts: Vinegar was discovered over 10,000 years ago. It was a cask of wine that had gone bad. So, essentially, wine is fruit that has gone bad and vinegar is wine that has gone bad. The Babylonions were the first to spice it and the Romans were the first to drink it as a beverage {that totally just gave me the sours, lol}. And the Greeks used it to pickle foods {my kind of peeps there}. And vinegar has been used to treat scurvy and wounds by Americans during war time. Truly, vinegar is quite historical.
Fruit and Almond Quinoa with Apple Vinaigrette | Love Bakes Good Cakes
Firehouse Salsa | Thirty-one:10
Got TB? Did you know that vinegar can kill tuberculosis? Even the drug resistant kind. So, if you are treating someone with TB, you can use vinegar as a disinfectant.
Light & Easy Bruschetta Chicken Pasta | Couponing and Cooking
Harvest Salad | Nel's Nook
Vinegar also has many health benefits. One that I found particularly interesting is that vinegar can help with heightening levels of Serotonin in the body. Low levels of Serotonin go hand and hand with depression and anxiety. So, enjoying more vinegar could make you happy. 🙂
Merlot Poached Pears | Practically Functional
Sweet Coleslaw | Flour On My Face
One of my personal favorite ways to enjoy vinegar is over sliced cucumber and onion. I think that is a country thing, so I wanted to add that here for all of you city folks who might be reading this. Just chop up a cucumber and an onion {I like any of the green stalk varieties best} and then pour over some vinegar. I generally water the vinegar down just a bit. And I add a little salt and pepper. Yum!
Slow Cooker Sauerbraten Beef in Gingersnap Gravy | Love Bakes Good Cakes
5 Bean Salad | Hot Eats and Cool Reads


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Shopping for Kim Kardashian and Kanye West's Baby Girl: 14 Awesome Designer Baby Items
Courtesy Photo (4); TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty
Kim Kardashian and Kanye West revealed they'll be welcoming a baby girl on last night's season eight premiere of Keeping up with the Kardashians. YES. A GIRL. "I'm so excited we're having a girl! Who doesn't want a girl? I think they are the best," Kim said on the show. "I know that's really what Kanye has always wanted—he wanted a little girl." This means K & K are in a prime spot to turn their baby into a little fashion princess. We predict their little bundle of joy will have no shortage of access to baby Roberto Cavalli, mini Gucci, and more pint-size designer clothes. Click to see our shopping picks for baby Kimye. The countdown to her July homecoming is on!


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Ceremony and Reception Location- The Hatchet Resort Uniquely situated near the gateways to both Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, the Hatchet Resort combines western charm with full-service amenities to create the perfect base for exploring Jackson Hole and its … Continue reading
Tag Archives: Bridger Teton National Forest
15 Years and A Road Trip Later- Anne and Dominic June 3, 2013
Pratically highschool sweethearts, Anne and Dominic had been dating for almost 15 years when they finally said "I Will!" After reading a letter Anne had written to Events, Etc. describing herself and Dominic and their background, I knew I wanted … Continue reading
Vendor Spotlight- Heather Erson Photography
Photographer- Heather Erson Photography Heather Erson and Drew McElwee of Heather Erson Photography are a husband and wife team with a passion for photography, nature, art, love {and each other}. They enjoy everything about photography and seek to continually grow … Continue reading
Vendor Spotlight- Turpin Meadow Ranch
Reception Location- Turpin Meadow Ranch At the gateway to both Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks, the historic Turpin Meadow Ranch sits at the very end of the Buffalo Valley Road, the edge of the most remote area in the … Continue reading
Giddy Up!
About two years ago Kim from Mill Iron Ranch invited me down for a site visit. I never made it down there back then, you know how summer passes so quickly. So I was super excited when she gave me … Continue reading


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Creating Competitive Edge through Continuous Innovation
Organizations around the world have claimed that they are �innovative� businesses as they are creative (Papers4you.com, 2006). However to gain a competitive edge, it is imperative to realize that innovation always implies one step ahead of creativity where later is only an essential component of innovation. Creativity is merely an ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to associate ideas in uncommon manner , however innovation on the other hand is the �process� of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product or service ( Robbins & Coulter, 2002). Such process involves inputs like creative individuals, organization and groups that can carry transformation through creative process and situation to give creative products as outputs (Woodman et al, 1993). Furthermore, it is also important to realize that such process should be on continuous basis as true innovative marketing involves regular efforts to gain real improvements in all dimensions related to products and services (Kotler & Armstrong, 1999).
About the Author: Copyright � 2006 Verena Veneeva. Professional Writer working for http://www.coursework4you.co.uk


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I was walking through my local grocery store a couple days ago, when I came across a little corner of the produce aisle that I more-or-less can call the "Latin" section. It had yellow and green plantains, boniato (a.k.a. Cuban white sweet potato, one of my favorites for mashing) and–gasp!–jicama, something I've only seen in restaurants until now.
In case you didn't know, jicama is an edible root vegetable similar to a turnip. It originates in Mexico, and is often known as a Mexican turnip or Mexican yam. And although it looks like a yam, its texture is crunchy and sweet–just like a turnip. Immediately, I had the idea to take this crunchy veggie and incorporate it into a Mexican-style cole slaw. Continue reading


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Present: Peter Giblin (Chair), John Hunton (Leicester), Alex Clark (Leicester), Peter Fleischmann
(Kent), James Shank (Kent), David Jordan (Sheffield), Peter Cameron (Queen Mary), Mark Haskins
(Imperial), Charles Goldie (LMS), Sandra Pott (LMS), Isabelle Robinson (LMS, standing-in for
Fiona Nixon).
(i) a public lecture on the life and work of Alan Turing by Dr Andrew Hodges (Oxford);
(ii) the mathematical aspects of Turing's work by Professor Solomon Feferman (Stanford);
(iii) Professor Christine Bessenrodt (Hannover);
(iv) Professor Martin Lorenz (Temple, Philadelphia);
(v) Professor Idun Reiten (Trondheim);
(vi) Professor Christiane Tretter (Bern).
GCHQ has agreed to provide financial support to help pay the expenses (including a business class flight) for Solomon Feferman to give a plenary lecture at the BMC and to give a talk at the Heilbronn Institute.
The BMC will include five workshops: Turing's Legacy, Noncommutative Geometry, Algebraic Transformation Groups, Operator Theory, Mathematical Physics.
The Kent organisers asked the Committee's opinion on seeking sponsorship for lectures, workshops and other events. It was agreed that anything short of endorsement was acceptable.
However, some care should be taken in selecting sponsors and, for a sponsored lecture, the permission of the lecturer would be required.
CG warned the Kent organisers to watch for late unexpected fees. PG asked if Leicester's experience would help. JS asked JH to provide a summary of Leicester's experience highlighting the nature of the Vice Chancellor's support.
A call for suggestions for morning speakers was made. MH suggested Andre Neves (Imperial). Further suggestions should be sent to the Secretary. (email@example.com).
MH asked whether EPSRC/LMS/LTCC courses might be arranged in conjunction the BMC.
IR commented that the LMS contract expires in October. JH: while PhD education should be encouraged, it would be unfortunate if the BMC became simply an education event.
(i) Analysis: Michele Vergne (Jussieu), Claire Anantharaman-Delaroche (Orleans) (Operator
Algebras special session 2000), Ulrike Tillmann (Oxford) (morning speaker 2000, 2002);
(ii) Number Theory: Martin Taylor (Oxford) (morning speaker 1997, 1981), Richard Taylor
(Harvard) (morning speaker 1995), Don Zagier (plenary 1985), Ken Ribet (Berkeley), Andrew
Wiles (Oxford) (plenary 1996);
(iii) Algebra: Maxim Kontsevich (IHES), Bernhard Keller (Jussieu);
(iv) Probability: Louigi Addario-Berry (McGill), Margit Rosler (Clausthal), Laurent Saloffe-
Coste (Cornell), (Wendolin Werner whose plenary talk in 2005 is too recent.);
(v) Category Theory: Mikhail Kapranov (Yale), Ezra Getzler (Northwestern).
From CG: Cedric Villani, Terry Tao, to be approached through some colleague whom they'll
know; Karl-Theodor Sturm (Inst fur Angewandte Math., Bonn, probability/analysis); Rene
Schilling, (Dresden, probability). Herbert Spohn (T.U. Munich, probability/mathematical
physics, 2011 Eisenbud Prizewinner).
The six proposed workshops are: Category Theory, Probability, Number Theory*, Algebra/Representation Theory*, Topology*, K-Theory and Index Theory (analytic). Here *
indicates a potential LMS Scheme 3 involvement. Titles are fluid.
SP suggested more analytic topics. JH noted that workshops don't need a local organiser.


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Don't Spend A Fortune On Advertising Your Home Business
Now that you have started your own home based business it's time to begin letting everyone know about it. It's time to advertise! When most people think of advertising they think of having to spend big bucks, but that doesn't need to be the case. While it is a little more involved than simply putting together a website and hoping for the cash to roll in, it doesn't have to drain your budget either.
About the Author: You can find more information on Low Cost Home Business Advertising as well as information on all types of home businesses at http://www.Home-Business.InfoFromA-Z.com


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Minnesota Twins Prediction
In 2010 the Minnesota Twins won 94 games and captured their second-straight American League Central title. The Twins won just 63 games and finished dead last in the division in 2011. It was their worst season since 1999. The Twins were active in the off-season, but much of the action came from watching players who were leaving Minnesota rather than the players who were entering Minnesota. The Twins did not do much to significantly upgrade their team.
Projected Rotation
1. Carl Pavano (9-13, 4.30 ERA, 1.36 WHIP)
2. Francisco Liriano (9-10, 5.09, 1.49)
3. Scott Baker (8-6, 3.14, 1.17)
4. Nick Blackburn (7-10, 4.49, 1.60)
5. Jason Marquis (8-6, 4.43, 1.49)
Starting pitching was a huge area of concern for the Twins last season. Twins starters pitched just 961 innings, fourth fewest in the American League. They accounted for just 80 quality starts, also fourth fewest in the AL. They posted a collective ERA of 4.64, third-worst in the league. After reviewing the numbers, I would expect the innings pitched to stay around the same because Carlos Pavano who pitched the most innings is not going to do the same at age 36.
1. Denard Span, CF
2. Jamey Carroll, SS
3. Joe Mauer, C
4. Justin Morneau, 1B
5. Josh Willingham, RF
6. Ryan Doumit, DH
7. Danny Valencia, 3B
8. Alexi Casilla, 2B
9. Ben Revere, LF
The Twins offense managed to finish second-to-last in runs scored in 2011 with 619. Their on-base percentage of .306 was second worst in the league, and the slugging percentage stood at a whopping .360. They were in dead last in the home run category for the American League.
Keep in mind last years lineup had good power threats in Michael Cuddyer and Jason Kubel, both of whom are not on the 2012 roster.
With Joe Mauer making $23 million until 2018, he has a great deal of production to make up fro because of only playing in 82 games. In 2009 Mauer put up gaudy numbers for a catcher. He hit .365 and had 28 home runs to go along with 96 RBI's. He managed to win the MVP for the Twins. With injury nagging, Mauer managed to hit .287 with 30 RBI's.
Matt Capps (4-7, 15 SV, 7 HLD, 9 BLSV, 4.25 ERA, 1.20 WHIP)
I predict that Ron Gardenhire and the Minnesota Twins finish the 2012 year at 69-93. If healthy, Joe Mauer will put up numbers close to his 2009 season. Justin Morneau has been able to put up monster numbers since 2005. He did win the 2006 MVP and in 2008 he drove in 129 runs (not even his career high). Also, Francisco Liriano has the ability to pitch a no hitter just as he did last year. The rest of the players that Gardenhire has are below average.
Spencer Montgomery


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Top 5 Bike Lights Under $50 For 2017
Biking is considered as one of the most engaging outdoor activities across the world. Depending on their dynamic needs, most people take up biking as a hobby, a professional sport, exercising or as a means of transportation. That being said, it goes without saying that a bike, as compared to other sporting accessories, is quite affordable and low maintenance. However, identifying and owning all the start-up accessories essential to equip a bike entirely for comfortable and safe rides requires some effort and dedication.
The choice of the ideal bike light with great illuminating capacity and optimum features for cycling, hiking, mountain biking etc. is a decision every biking enthusiast has to make. One of the major factors affecting a user's choice is the cost of the bike lights. The most efficient bike lights are often expensive and the biker who is on a low budget has to settle for less than is necessary because of the cost.
In a vast array of expensive high quality bike lights and cheap low quality bike lights, there are some bike lights that are affordable yet high quality. For the purpose of this article, we would assume that you are one of those seeking bike lights with all the optimum features available at an affordable price. So we decided to put together this list of the Top 5 Bike Lights under $50 that would give you best performance without drilling a huge hole in your pocket.
The top 5 Bike lights under $50 in our list include:
Blitzu Gator 380
Blitzu Cyborg 168H
Divine LEDs Bike Light
Bright Eyes 1200 Bike Light
Sahara Sailor 5600 LED Bike Headlight
Blitzu Gator 380
The Blitzu Gator is an amazing product line from the Blitzu Company. It is often described as an incredibly bright light designed to keep the biker safe as he/she journeys on the dark trails at night. The Blitzu Gator 380 emits a powerful 380 lumens of light via the latest CREE LED technology projecting up to 310 feet ahead of you. This product is lightweight with rechargeable batteries that can be charged from the computer or by any device with a USB port. You only need a maximum of 2 hours to get a full battery charge. Bikers want to be able to easily switch across various lighting modes and the Blitzu Gator 380 offers that property as its manufacturers have designed four operating modes for this product.
The four lighting modes of High (2hr runtime), Medium (4hr runtime), Low (5hr runtime), and Flashing (6hr runtime) helps the rider to make their choice of light intensity. If you have an emergency, you can set it for flash and it will continue blinking and attracting attention for up to 300 feet.
The Blitzu Gator 380 comes with 360 swivel ability where you can rotate the light to shine in any direction you want depending on your needs. Installing and removing the light from the bike is done in seconds with the aid of the one touch dismount button. This is a rare feature that most bike lights do not have.
You can't go wrong purchasing the Blitzu Gator 380 as its IPX5 rating entails that it is water resistant and can be used for riding under any weather without having to worry about the safety of the light.
The Gator is a bike light that is universal and versatile and as such can fit all handles. At the cool price of under $50, this bike light is a must buy.
Blitzu Cyborg 168H USB Rechargeable Headlight
Everyone knows how annoying and frustrating it can be when you run out of batteries especially when you least expect it. With the Blitzu Cyborg 168H USB Rechargeable Headlight, you can now say goodbye to having to change your batteries every week.
The Blitzu cyborg 168H USB Rechargeable Headlight is dazzling with 50 micro LED chips emitting up to 168-lumen output that lights up the night, giving the biker 180 degrees visibility. This awesome bike light gives off 180 degrees wide beam of white light which catches the eye from all angles. With an IPX-4 rating, the Blitzu headlight is water resistant and is suitable for use in all weather conditions.
With most bike lights, durability is usually an issue but the Gator has proven itself to be impact resistant and built to perform. This bike is wireless and doesn't have the burden of external batteries.
The Blitzu Cyborg USB Rechargeable Headlight is a lightweight bike light, weighing just 32 grams in addition to the internal battery. You never have to worry about buying batteries because this product is charged from the computer or any device with USB port, saving you time and money.
Biking has never been this much fun!
The Blitzu Cyborg is multipurpose as it can be used as a bicycle helmet, mountain bike headlight, road bike light and as a safety light for children's bikes.
Users can conveniently alternate between six lighting modes of Low, Medium, High, 50% flashing, 100% Flashing, and Strobe.
With a simple button located on top of the light, users are able to control the device's actions as well as adjust the lumens output to your desired range. A 30-day money back guarantee is offered if you are not satisfied with the product after purchase. The Blitzu cyborg 168H USB Rechargeable Headlight is a good bargain for your money as the price is relatively cheap for a product offering such great attributes.
Divine LED Bike Light
Divine LED bike light is constructed with the Divine LED technology, an innovative lighting approach that offers users some of the brightest lights in the industry. This product is durable, efficient and dependable.
Installing the Divine LED bike light on any bike is a delight because installation is tool-free and takes place in seconds.
Are you aware that 70% of fatal cycling accidents happen at night due to poor vision or lack of proper illumination? Why become another statistic to the accident victims list by going for dirt cheap bike lights that are not safe or durable when you can always leverage on the attributes provided by this affordable bike light. Every biking enthusiast deserves a quality bike light and Divine LED is poised to fit the billing.
The materials used for the production of this light are military grade materials which imply that each bike light is built with high quality, durable and waterproof materials that ensure you would not be disappointed as you bike your way through the night. Every single unit of bike light is individually checked and scrutinized to ensure that it is top quality and meets all industry standards. The Divine LED light is a must have as the company takes the time to produce quality lights as against most inferior mass produced lights in the mainstream market. 100% satisfaction guaranteed!
The backlight is a small, clip-on that has three settings: Off, On, and Blinking. It attaches to the frame with a stretchy bit of plastic that is robust enough and is not prone to breaking. This arrangement means that it is easy to remove the light (for anti-theft, security reasons) and to re-install for your next trip.
With its 100% money back guarantee, you are always covered from all possible natural damages and defects. Also, Divine LEDs Bike Light comes with a 10-year warranty for more security from defections.
Bright Eyes 1200 lumen Rechargeable Bike Light
The Bright Eyes 1200 lumen Rechargeable Bike Light is one of the best lights from the Bright Eyes line of bike lights. This light gives off a terrific 1200 lumens of intense bright light to light up any dark paths thus setting it up as the perfect light for your next long commuting activity. The Bright Eyes 1200 lumen rechargeable Bike light offers users a high LED quality display as well as long lasting battery power to serve a biker's trip all the way.
If you are looking for an easy to fix bike light across bike handles of varying diameters then the Bright Eyes 1200 lumen rechargeable light is ideal for you. When latched on the bike handle, it sits firmly and doesn't come off regardless of bumps.
Looking for the lumen output value for your money? The Bright eyes 1200 lumen rechargeable bike light is certainly worth every dollar spent on it. This product offers:
Extremely bright 1200 lumen CREE led technology – 3 hours runtime on high lighting mode with a 6400mah battery, 5 hours runtime on medium lighting mode, and up to 26 hours on low lighting mode.
An external rechargeable waterproof battery which allows this cycling flashlight to provide illumination for.
Suitable bike light set for running, camping, hiking and mountain biking. This light also comes equipped with helmet accessories.
Lifetime guarantee on bicycle headlight / 1-year warranty on battery
The Bright Eyes 1200 lumen Rechargeable bike light comes in a 1.2 pounds weight box and is an amazing bargain for under $50
Sahara Sailor 5600 Lumens LED Bike Headlight
The compelling Sahara Sailor 5600 Lumens LED Bike Headlight is one bike light with a sensational lumens output that is just the perfect lighting solution for the mountain bike trail or on long rides. This high-performance bicycle light offers three levels of brightness with a maximum output of 5600 lumens. At full power, the maximum run time of the Sahara Sailor 5600 Lumens LED Bike Headlight is between 2-4 hours.
This biking wonder can be easily attached to any set of handlebars and the included helmet mount makes for use on bike helmets by the rider. With adjustable levels of brightness and lumens output, the Sahara sailor 5600 Lumens LED Bike Headlight is the perfect way to secure your safety when you are out on a cool ride. The luminous light produced by this bike projects super strong beam that not only offers you enhanced visibility but also provides an effective source of lighting for the darker parts of your journey home, allowing you to delve into those dark alleys and side streets.
The Sahara sailor 5600 Lumens LED Bike Headlight features 3 different lighting modes:
High lighting mode provides 5600 lumens
Medium lighting mode offers 1200 lumens
Strobe lighting mode offers 5600 lumens.
The innovative waterproof design of the Sahara Sailor 5600 Lumens LED Bike Headlight means it can be used across a variety of weather conditions from sunny to rainy days.
The bike light comes with a head strap as you have access to use either the handlebar mount or head strap mount.
This light is simply super bright, heavy-duty, and stylish with a strong guarantee of effectiveness, and is ideal for you.
In a vast array of expensive bike lights offering quality available in the mainstream market, there is a glimmer of hope for avid bikers who aren't as buoyant but still seek equal quality. Any of the bike lights listed on the top 5 bike lights under $50 is most certainly worth every dollar spent on it.


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Sell My House Providence, NC
Buy Houses In in ProvidenceNorth Carolina
Costs Leys, that executes specialized deck examinations for homebuyers in ###North Carolina:t#:t#:t#, states the extra prices for specialized evaluations could save a buyer 10s of thousands in expenses to repair surprise damages. Things he generally discovers that residence inspectors miss on decks, for example, are improperly fastened barriers, hazardous glazing anddry rot in difficult-to-access or concealed locations.
How Do I Sell My House Myself in Providence7 amazing sell my house Providence hacks.
If you obtain a counteroffer, making A Deal On A House Ireland Don't be discouraged. Talk with your estate representative as well as talk about whether its sensible and also you could go into arrangements. Once more, Tepilo can do this in your place. Do not hesitate to withdraw your deal if the vendor isn't willing to satisfy your crucial terms or if settlements end up being extracted. Youre legitimately qualified to do so, but it could be a good idea to cover your bases with your estate agent or solicitor.
Whats your way of living? A home isn't really just a house. Its additionally a place and a lifestyle. You do not wish to choose that youll come to be sorry for later on. An additional factor to consider to want is for how long you intend to be in the area or the home. You might want to delay buying a residence until youre all set if you have an even more transient way of life. Likewise, exactly how ready are you for the duty of owning a house? Bear in mind, youre the one who will certainly need to be in charge of its maintenance economically and also otherwise. Ask yourself if you agree to take this on.
Sell Your Home By Owner Providence North Carolina
Ways to Obtain A Home Mortgage With Bad Debt Some banks will certainly make secured financings based on the quantity you have in a savings account or the worth of any kind of supplies you possess. The value of obtaining a safeguarded loan against supplies or savings is that you will certainly not need to sell off the property so when you have actually repaid the loan, you still have the cost savings or supplies. Nevertheless, if you plan to utilize savings or supplies as security, the majority of economic advisors recommend you liquidate them as well as use the cash to pay whatever financial debt you are aiming to clear up instead of obtain a lending.
Buying Realty Ive made it my Providence in order to help others get to monetary flexibility, and also component of that work entails listening to the backgrounds as well as stories of people who wish to construct riches. I angle help however notification that there are 2 unique state of minds when it concerns property investing: one is based out of anxiety, as well as the other is centered on wealth.
Quick Sale Home in Providence
Check for web-savvy: Online marketing is becoming essential. These days most realty professionals have a site; nevertheless, you should check exactly how web-savvy they actually are. If they are able to meet the advertising demands of providing your home or searching for you one, understanding this enables you to much better establish. All agents place your house online. As a consumer you would like to know exactly what your real estate agent does to earn your house standout from the various other homes on the market.
Should I Sell My House Now Providence North Carolina
Evaluation of trees on the property is ruled out component of a General Home Inspection due to the fact that their examination goes beyond the scope of evaluation Criteria of Practice. This sort of evaluation is normally executed by a Certified Arborist as well as assesses the safety and also problem of the trees on a residential or commercial property prior to the sales contract is performed.
Listing Your Home in Providence
CABLE "Obtain Linked" Ladies Buying Real Estate http://www.wireconnections.ca Contact: Cindy Girard [email protected] Telephone: (403) 771-7355 When: Last Wednesday of monthly, 7:30 pm to 9:30 pm Where: Varies, Cals, Alberta
The Mortgage Refine Promptly then waiting period, the title company will certainly issue a check to the home owner (generally by overnight mail) if proceeds are readily available from the reverse home loan. The title business will certainly likewise send out the home mortgage reward quantity to the lender if the candidate was utilizing a reverse mortgageto pay off a present home mortgage.
House Not Selling What To Do Providence North Carolina
Home Evaluation List: What To Evaluate Also see RESIDENCE & STRUCTURE INSPECTORS & EXAMINATION APPROACHES. Utilize the Look Box at the top or bottom of these web pages to find in-depth info concerning structure, power financial savings, as well as interior environment evaluation, medical diagnosis and also fixing at this web site.
How Much To Sell Your House in Providence
The Home Mortgage Securitization Refine After you recognize the value of the house, you can calculate the quantity of the acquistion for your spouse. Take the worth of your home and also deduct the payback quantity for your home loan. Once you have this value, that will certainly stand for the quantity of equity that you have as a couple. Take that number as well as divide it by two in order to figure out how much loan you need to pay your partner for their part of the equity.
To Sell Your Home Fast in Providence
Making An Offer On A House In France Try to understand the situation from the sellers point of view. Put on your own in their footwear. Youll begin to choose up on little details that will have a large impact if you can do this. Bear in mind that every house is available for sale for a specific reason. Discover that factor, and also framework your offer in a manner that makes use of it.
When the application has been submitted, the handling of the loan demand starts. The processor orders the credit score title, assessment and also record record. The details on the application, such as bank deposits and repayment histories, are then confirmed. Any kind of credit scores derogatories, such as late repayments, collections and/or judgments need a written description. The processor takes a look at the assessment and also title record, checking for concerns that might require more examination. The entire mortgage plan is after that created for entry to the underwriter.
Sell A House Fast in Providence
Buying Mobile Homes in Providence
Other articles that may be of interest to you:
- sell that home in Providence, NC
- quick home sale in Providence, NC
- how to sale your house fast in Providence, NC
- sell my house in Providence, NC
- buy homes in Providence, NC