text:
The pattern of alteration in flow velocity in the recanalized artery is related to left ventricular recovery in patients with acute infarction and successful direct balloon angioplasty
Author + information
- Received November 11, 1997
- Revision received April 1, 1998
- Accepted April 17, 1998
- Published online August 1, 1998.
Author Information
- Taro Tsunoda, MDa,* (taro{at}oha.toho-u.ac.jp),
- Masato Nakamura, MDa,
- Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, MDa,
- Takahiro Nishida, MDa,
- Toshiyuki Asahara, MDa,
- Hitoshi Anzai, MDa,
- Hiroko Touma, MDa,
- Kazuhisa Mitsuo, MDa,
- Yasunari Soumitsu, MDa,
- Hideo Sakatani, MDa,
- Shigeru Nakamura, MDa,
- Toshiyuki Degawa, MDa and
- Tetsu Yamaguchi, MDa
- ↵*Address for correspondence: Dr. Taro Tsunoda, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Ohashi Hospital, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153 Japan
Objectives. We evaluated the relationship between alterations in coronary flow velocity during the acute phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the recovery of left ventricular wall motion in patients who underwent successful primary angioplasty.
Background. The status of the coronary microcirculation is the major determinant of the prognosis of patients who have had successful reperfusion after AMI. Animal studies have shown that dynamic changes in regional flow are associated with the extent of infarction. Evaluation of alterations in coronary flow velocity in infarcted arteries may provide information about microcirculatory damage.
Methods. Flow velocity of the distal anterior descending artery was continuously monitored with the use of a Doppler guide wire immediately after recanalization for 18 ± 4 h in 19 patients who underwent successful primary angioplasty after anterior AMI. Subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of the time course of alterations in average peak velocity (APV). Group D consisted of patients who had progressive decreases in APV through the next day (n = 9), and Group I comprised patients with an increase in APV after a transient decline (n = 10). Ejection fraction (EF) and regional wall motion (RWM) were assessed by left ventriculography performed on admission and at discharge.
Results. The APV at the end of monitoring was greater in group I than in group D. In group I, EF and RWM were significantly improved at discharge. The change in EF was greater in group I than in group D (17 ± 9% vs. 4 ± 9%, p = 0.007), as was the change in RWM (0.96 ± 0.23 vs. 0.13 ± 0.36 SD/chord, p < 0.0001).
Conclusions. The alteration in flow velocity in recanalized infarcted arteries is related to left ventricular recovery. A progressive decrease in velocity after angioplasty implies no reflow, which is associated with a poor recovery of left ventricular function. Reperfusion injury may account in part for this phenomenon.
Reperfusion therapy is an established method of salvaging the infarcted myocardium of patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (1,2). However, recent studies have shown that successful reperfusion of an occluded epicardial coronary artery does not always lead to preservation of left ventricular function (3). Experiments in animals suggest that the no reflow phenomenon or reperfusion injury is the major reason that left ventricular function can not be salvaged, even after adequate recanalization (4–6). Reflow may be impaired for several hours after recanalization, a deleterious effect caused by progressive decreases in regional flow associated with microvascular occlusion in the myocardium (7,8). Other animal experiments have shown that microvascular damage might be reversible after coronary reflow (9–11).
Measurement of coronary vein flow has been used to evaluate serial changes in perfusion status in patients who have had AMI (12). No reflow (that is, absence of myocardial perfusion even after successful recanalization) has been demonstrated using contrast echocardiography (6,11,13). This method is hampered by procedural complexity and difficulties in continuous assessment.
The recently developed Doppler guide wire has been used to evaluate the severity of coronary stenosis or the state of microvascular perfusion. The instantaneous spectral peak velocity has been validated as an accurate correlate of absolute flow (14,15). Continuous flow velocity monitoring in the catheterization laboratory has been found to be safe and useful (16). Thus, we used this method to ascertain whether the pattern of alteration in flow velocity indicates myocardial perfusion status after reflow has been attempted by primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).
Patient population
We continuously monitored flow velocity of an infarcted artery after successful primary angioplasty was performed in 47 patients between March 1993 and February 1997. Six patients with inferior infarctions and two with posterolateral infarctions were not included in the study. Patients with previous infarction late recanalization (elapsed time >12 h), distal culprit lesion and suboptimal PTCA results were also excluded. The remaining 29 patients with a first anterior AMI who underwent early recanalization of the left anterior descending artery within 12 h of onset of chest pain were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of AMI was based on the symptom of severe chest pain lasting more than 20 minutes, electrocardiographic findings corresponding to ST segment elevation over the chest leads and an increase of the creatine kinase level to more than twice the normal value. Moreover, 10 patients were excluded from the present study for the following reasons: spontaneous guide wire dislocation at the mid-stage of monitoring (two patients), monitoring duration less than 12 hours (two patients), spontaneously recanalized infarcted artery (four patients) and no follow-up angiography (two patients). Therefore, the final study population consisted of 19 patients. The average duration of continuous monitoring was 18 ± 4 h (range, 12 to 26 h). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject. The study protocol was approved by the committee on Clinical Research of Toho University Ohashi Hospital.
Direct angioplasty
After intracoronary administration of 2.5 mg of isosorbide dinitrate, multiple orthogonal coronary projections were obtained. We performed PTCA according to the clinical protocol used at our institution. Dilation with use of a conventional balloon was concluded when the residual stenosis was less than 30% of the diameter by quantitative analysis. The primary stent implantation was not performed in this protocol.
Monitoring of continuous flow velocity
The technique of continuous flow velocity monitoring has been reported in detail (17). In brief, a Doppler guide wire was placed more than 4 cm distal to the lesion. The location of the wire tip was confirmed by fluoroscopic guidance. After PTCA, the balloon catheter was withdrawn from the guiding catheter, leaving the guide wire in the coronary artery. The guiding catheter was dislodged from the left main ostium. The entire system was sutured and secured to the patient's leg. Patients were then moved to the coronary care unit for observation. They remained at rest during monitoring.
The average peak velocity (APV) was automatically calculated with a fast Fourier transformation and displayed on a Doppler velocimeter (FloMapr, Cardiometrics, Mountain View, CA). Studies were recorded onto VHS videotape and prints were made at various times. The APV value was determined every 2 to 4 hours, beginning 15 minutes after PTCA and ending the next day. Systemic blood pressure and heart rate were also recorded serially. If an intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) was used, it was turned off for at least 5 minutes during the velocity measurement. No complications related to intracoronary guide wire placement occurred in this study.
Classification of APV time course alterations
The time course pattern was recognized from velocity plots at various times, determined arbitrarily. The patients were divided into two groups, on the basis of the pattern of flow velocity alteration assessed by advent point of minimum APV. Group D consisted of nine patients who showed progressive decreases in APV from 4 h after intervention to the end of monitoring. Therefore, the minimum APV of this group occurred at the end of continuous monitoring. Group I consisted of 10 patients who showed gradual increments of APV after a transient decrease 4 to 8 h after primary PTCA. In this group, the minimum APV value was found 4 to 8 h after PTCA (4 h in six patients, 6 h in one and 8 h in three). In 4 of 10 patients, the maximum APV value was at the end of continuous monitoring.
Angiographic data analysis
The severity of coronary narrowing was determined by angiography using an automated edge detection algorithm (CCIP-310, Cathex, Tokyo, Japan) in multiple orthogonal views. The guiding catheter was used as a reference. The percent diameter stenosis and the minimum luminal diameter were determined. The development of collaterals were graded angiographically according to the Rentrop classification (18). Well-developed collaterals were defined as grade 2 or 3. Angiographic slow flow of the left anterior descending artery after angioplasty was defined as poor contrast run-off compared with that of the circumflex coronary artery, without angiographically apparent dissection or distal embolization (19–21). Angiograms were visually evaluated by two independent physicians who had no knowledge of the flow velocity data.
Medication protocol
All patients received a bolus intravenous injection of 10,000 U of heparin before intervention. The intravenous infusion of heparin was continued until the next day (10,000 U for 24 h). Additionally, trans-guiding catheter administration (100 U/h) of heparin was also continued during monitoring to prevent thrombus formation in the catheter. As an antiplatelet agent, aspirin (162 mg/day) was given orally alone. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (2.5 to 5 mg of enalapril or 7.5 to 15 mg of delapril) were administered shortly after intervention and continued throughout the hospital stay. Calcium channel blocking agents or nitrates were administered to some patients who had a hypertensive tendency during the acute stage of infarction. None of the subjects received beta blockers, catecholamines, other inotropic agents or drugs that exerted a cardioprotective action (such as verapamil, papaverine, or adenosine) (22–24).
Evaluation of left ventricular function
Left ventriculograms were obtained at a 30° right anterior oblique projection with contrast medium. The protocol called for a 9-in. image intensifier and a filming rate of 30 frames per second. The global left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was evaluated by the area-length method and regional wall motion (RWM) by the center-line method.
Left ventriculography was performed on admission (before angioplasty) and at discharge (16 ± 6 days later). Both EF and RWM were compared between the groups. All measurements were performed by a physician who had no knowledge of the Doppler flow velocity data.
Statistical analysis was performed using StatView 4.02 on a Macintosh Centris 650 computer. Continuously distributed variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The unpaired ttest was used to compare clinical determinants and velocity values; an F test was applied. Other variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The paired ttest was used to evaluate serial changes in hemodynamics and angiographic variables. The pattern of the APV time course alteration in groups D and I was defined by two-way repeated analysis of variance. Categoric variables were compared by Fisher's exact test. A level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Clinical characteristics
The study population consisted of 15 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 64 ± 9 years (range 50 to 79 years). The average elapsed time from AMI onset to recanalization was 4.5 ± 2.5 h. Antecedent angina, defined as some chest symptoms within the 24 h before the onset of infarction, was present in 11 patients.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the two groups are listed in Table 1. There were no differences between groups D and I in age, gender, history of antecedent angina, elapsed time from onset to recanalization or peak creatine kinase value. In group D, four patients belonged to Killip class 1 and five patients to Killip class 2; in group I, 9 of 10 patients belonged to Killip class 1. The frequency of IABP use was similar in both groups. The reason for IABP use was maintenance of patency after angioplasty. The counter pulsation assist was stopped within 24 hours after angioplasty on the day after angioplasty in all patients.
Angiographic characteristics in both groups are given in Table 2. There were no differences in baseline antegrade flow, the frequency of well-developed collaterals and the lesion location.
Time course of alterations in flow velocity
Data from APV monitoring in each patient are shown in Figure 1. The data showed a unique time course of alteration in velocity throughout monitoring. In all patients, the difference between maximum and minimum APV was more than 30%. Group D showed an average 56 ± 11% decrease in APV (range 39% to 67%) from maximum value (Fig. 1A), and lowest APV occurred at the end of monitoring. In group I, the APV was lowest within 4 to 8 h after PTCA (average 47 ± 10% decrease from baseline, range 30% to 57%) and then showed an average 95 ± 43% increase from its lowest point (range 41% to 193%) (Fig. 1B).
The APV values 15 minutes after PTCA and 4 h later were similar in both groups. However, group I had a higher APV at the end of monitoring than group D (21 ± 9 cm/sec vs. 9 ± 4 cm/sec, p = 0.002). The time course of alteration in APV values at these three points was markedly different in the two groups (p < 0.0001). (Fig. 2). Cyclical flow variation, as noted by Anderson et al. and Kern et al. (16,25), was not observed in any patients.
Comparison of angiographic findings
The lesion in each patient was in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Angiographic slow flow on the final angiogram was found in 6 (67%) patients in group D. In contrast, no slow flow was found in group I (Table 2). In all patients, good patency of the infarcted artery endured at discharge. In group D, the percent diameter stenosis of the culprit lesion before angioplasty, immediately after angioplasty and before discharge was 90.9 ± 10.9%, 22.1 ± 6.2% and 20.4 ± 5.1%, respectively. In group I, these values were 90.5 ± 10.3%, 23.7 ± 7.2% and 26.6 ± 5.1%, respectively. There were no differences between the groups.
Mean arterial pressure measurements 15 minutes after primary PTCA, 4 h later and at the end of monitoring were similar in both groups. No significant time course variances in hemodynamics were observed throughout the study between the groups. Similarly, the heart rate was not different between the groups. There was no difference in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure measured before the reperfusion procedure (Table 3).
Recovery of left ventricular function
The EF on admission was 48 ± 12% in group D and 46 ± 9% in group I (p = 0.67). The EF at discharge was 52 ± 14% in group D and 62 ± 8% in group I (p = 0.071). The change in EF was significantly greater in group I than in group D (17 ± 9% vs. 4 ± 9%, p = 0.007) (Fig. 3A).
The RWM on admission was −3.00 ± 0.31 SD/chord in group D and −2.95 ± 0.23 SD/chord in group I (p = 0.75). The RWM at discharge was −2.87 ± 0.46 SD/chord in group D and −1.99 ± 0.42 SD/chord in group I (p = 0.0004). The change in RWM was significantly greater in group I than in group D (0.96 ± 0.23 vs. 0.13 ± 0.36, p < 0.0001) (Fig. 3B). In three patients in group D, RWM was worse at discharge than on admission.
Animal studies have demonstrated that microvascular occlusion can develop in the area at risk after reperfusion, resulting in a progressive decrease in regional flow (3,7,8,26). No reflow has been shown to develop and progress for several hours after recanalization (7,8,27). Thus, the evaluation of flow changes after restoration of an occluded infarcted artery could provide useful information about the effects of the reperfusion procedure on myocardial salvage in the clinical setting. We found that the pattern of alterations in flow velocity in the successfully recanalized artery was related to recovery of left ventricular function.
Left ventricular function in patients with AMI is determined by several factors, including the area at risk supplied by the infarcted artery, development of collateral flow (28,29), elapsed time after PTCA and the presence of antecedent angina (12,30,31). The number of electrocardiographic leads with ST segment elevation did not differ between groups. Additionally, the lesion location was similar in both groups. Thus, the extent of myocardium at risk appeared to be similar in both groups. Other clinical characteristics, including collateral grading and elapsed time, were not different in the two groups. It seems reasonable that the recovery of the infarct-related region of the left ventricle depends on the pattern of alteration in flow velocity after reperfusion in patients who have undergone successful primary PTCA.
Proposed mechanism of flow velocity alteration
Several factors could determine the blood flow in the region of infarction, including collateral circulation, severity of stenosis, blood viscosity, flow reserve capacity (32), preload and afterload and the extent of the reperfusion injury (33,34). Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate the microvascular flow to the infarcted myocardium from the APV of the restored infarcted artery alone. Heart rate and blood pressure were not significantly different between groups. We cannot exclude the possibility that vasomotion alteration at the target lesion occurred during monitoring. However, our preliminary study of patients who had serial coronary angiography immediately after angioplasty, at the end of monitoring, and before discharge showed no deterioration in the residual stenosis. Residual stenosis appeared to remain constant. Moreover, flow velocity accurately correlates with absolute flow (14,15). Thus, we conclude that the dynamic alterations in flow velocity observed in this study accounted for the changes in blood supply to the infarcted myocardium. Previous animal studies have shown that no reflow associated with microvascular occlusion may progress for several hours after reperfusion (7)and that the extent of perfusion 4 h later after reflow correlated well with left ventricular prognosis (8).
In other studies (12,35), progressive decreases in cardiac vein flow suggestive of the no reflow phenomenon were observed in patients with AMI who underwent successful recanalization. In group D the extent of APV reduction during monitoring was 56 ± 11% (range 39% to 67%). This finding is consistent with results of a previous study in which no reflow was related to a >30% decrease from baseline cardiac vein flow during 24 h of monitoring (12). Progressive decreases in APV might indicate severe deterioration in perfusion, most likely attributable to progression of the no reflow phenomenon that is based on development of reperfusion injury. Conversely, a gradual increase in flow velocity might be explained by amelioration of tissue perfusion status. Temporary and reversible causes of poor perfusion include microvascular occlusion by blood cell stasis (36), vessel compression with myocardial tissue swelling (37), hyperreactivity of vascular tonus (38)and prolonged spasms (22). Resolution of prolonged reactive hyperemia followed by restoration of occluded infarcted arteries might also contribute to the mechanisms of initial reduction of flow velocity, but this conclusion remains speculative.
Although coronary flow reserve measurement was not performed in the present study, it might be useful for detecting nonuniform distribution of myocardial infarction. Serial coronary flow reserve measurements might lead to better understanding of the alterations in flow velocity observed in this study.
Study limitations
Flow velocity is parallel to absolute volumetric flow only when the cross-sectional area in examined vessels remains constant. None of our subjects showed significant lesion renarrowing at discharge. However, we did not confirm the lumen area by intravascular ultrasound. Furthermore, we cannot exclude the possibility that vasomotion after angioplasty is related to flow alteration. Continuous intravenous infusion of nitrate and stent implantation could help to eliminate and minimize the alteration of vasomotion and help maintain vessel dilation.
Absolute coronary flow is also dependent on heart rate, afterload and contractility. Although those factors were constant in both groups, we could not monitor the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure serially, which would have altered flow in the area at risk.
From a technical point of view, cardiac vein flow measurements are limited by difficulty in stabilizing catheter position and by lack of specificity for detecting changes in coronary artery flow (39,40). It is difficult to monitor flow status continuously by myocardial contrast echocardiography to detect the no reflow phenomenon after reperfusion therapy. Continuous coronary flow velocity monitoring has major advantages in real-time evaluation of reflow status. No special equipment and skills are needed in emergency situations. The performance issue regarding monitoring is positioning the guide wire tip and guide catheter. These were important technical problems (41). The true damage in the infarcted myocardium might not have been examined completely because a stunned myocardium might not have been restored at discharge (42).
Clinical implications
Data obtained by monitoring flow velocity could be important for risk stratification of patients with AMI who have undergone primary PTCA. Deterioration in flow velocity during monitoring may be related to infarct expansion and left ventricular remodeling. Moreover, this study shows that evaluation of alterations in flow velocity after primary PTCA might provide insight into dynamic changes of reperfusion status.
Intraaortic balloon pumping could augment myocardial perfusion and result in myocardial salvage (43,44). Drugs such as verapamil (20,22)and adenosine (24,45)might modulate reperfusion injury. Flow velocity monitoring might make it possible to study the pharmacologic responsiveness of the resistance vessels of infarcted regions.
Prolonged velocity monitoring after successful primary angioplasty demonstrated two different time patterns of change in flow velocity. Progressive decrease of average velocity in the late stage is associated with poor recovery of left ventricular function, which is hypothesized to be related to regional impaired perfusion. The method described here could become a useful predictor of reflow status in patients with AMI.
☆ This article is not supported by any research grants and funding.
- Abbreviations
- acute myocardial infarction
- average peak velocity
- ejection fraction
- intraaortic balloon pump
- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
- regional wall motion
- Received November 11, 1997.
- Revision received April 1, 1998.
- Accepted April 17, 1998.
- American College of Cardiology
- ↵
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text:
BARCELONA ISSUE 03 Mar 2003
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We've added a couple of new books to GSA library stock about libraries which have caught my eye, given students' current interest in library design. The first, 'How green is my library?', by Sam McBane Mulford, explains how to evaluate the 'greenness' of existing or planned facilities. The second, 'Unpacking my library: architects and their books', by Jo Steffens, offers an intimate look at the personal libraries of 14 of the world's leading architects, including Steven Holl. Full details of both books are, of course, on the GSA Library catalogue.
Access: Available for loan


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Fromm Four Star Grain Free Salmon Tunalini Dry Dog Food is a grain free food made with wild salmon and tuna, and a plethora of healthy mediterranean garden veggies! Fromm Four Star food is great for dogs of all ages, shapes and sizes! This healthy complete and balanced food will keep your dog healthy and in tip top shape! Made with Omega fatty acids to keep a thick and shiny coat, and added probiotics to help keep their digestive system running smoothly. No unnecessary fillers, artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives. Fromm is a fan favorite of The Pet Beastro and we know you will love it too! Made with ingredients from the United States, you can feel great knowing your furry friend is eating Fromm!
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text:
* Plans C$4 bln natural gas line
* Line to service Shell's LNG project
* 1.7 bcf per day line in service by 2020
* Shares rise 0.8 pct
By Scott Haggett
CALGARY, Alberta, June 5 (Reuters) - TransCanada Corp will build a C$4 billion ($3.8 billion) pipeline to serve Royal Dutch Shell Plc's planned liquefied natural gas plant on British Columbia's northern coast, the company said on Tuesday.
TransCanada, Canada's No. 1 pipeline company, said it would design and build a 700-kilometer (434-mile) line capable of shipping 1.7 billion cubic feet of gas per day from Dawson Creek in northeast British Columbia to Kitimat, where three LNG plants, including Shell's facility, are planned.
Northeastern British Columbia contains some of the world's largest unconventional natural gas reserves. The Montney and Horn River shale gas deposits alone contain trillions of cubic feet of gas.
However the U.S. market is glutted with its own shale gas production, and British Columbia's producers have pinned their hopes on LNG exports to tap lucrative Asian markets.
TransCanada said in a statement that it expected to complete the line by the end of the decade, pending regulatory and corporate approvals.
The line will run near Enbridge Inc's Northern Gateway oil pipeline project, which will also end at Kitimat. Currently in regulatory hearings, Northern Gateway faces strong opposition from environmental groups and many of the aboriginal communities along its planned route.
That opposition has already added more than a year to regulatory hearings, a delay that encouraged the Canadian government to put in new rules capping the length of such sessions.
However TransCanada's pipeline is expected to get an easier ride.
With little risk of sustained environmental damage from a rupture, natural gas pipelines have not faced the same opposition as oil lines. Also, some aboriginal communities, such as the Haisla who live near Kitimat, have a stake in LNG projects.
"I don't think it will get the same sort of resistance (as Northern Gateway faces)," said UBS Securities analyst Chad Friess. "In addition, it's starting from square one and subject to the accelerated regulatory review that the Canadian government has put out there."
The line will serve the LNG export facility planned by and partners Korea Gas Corp, Mitsubishi Corp and PetroChina Co Ltd.
The partners are considering a plant that would initially include two units with capacity of 6 million tonnes each annually, or a total of 2 billion cubic feet a day. The plant could be in service by 2020.
Two other proposals have already received LNG export licenses from Canadian regulators. Kitimat LNG is backed by Apache Corp, Encana Corp and EOG Resources Inc , while the BC LNG Export Co-operative is made up of the Haisla First Nation, Houston-based LNG Partners and natural gas producers.
TransCanada shares were up 0.8 percent at C$42.50 in midday trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange.


text:
|Airborne Flying Aces John Stamstad and Patrick Irwin are traipsing
to Alaska for the Iditasport Extreme (IE), a grueling 350-mile race from Knik to
McGrath beginning Feb. 26, 2000. Stamstad is the reigning five-time champ, while
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Stamstad, 34, is looking to make it six in a row in Alaska. He set the fastest time
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Nome. Only 10 human-powered athletes have ever completed the entire 1,100 miles.
Irwin, 33, is also considering the challenge into Nome. The Sewaunee, Tennessee resident
is also racing the "shorter" Iditasport 100, which runs on the Iditarod
Trail beginning Feb. 19. Bike, ski, snowshoe, and foot divisions go head-to-head.
The Rigs:
For more information:
John Stamstad
Patrick Irwin


text:
Lamma is set to be the launchpad for a wide variety of new equipment.
Jane Carley takes a look at just a few of the innovations on display.
- JCB is to introduce its new TM420 telehandler offering 32 per cent more load lifting capacity at 4,100kg, plus 200mm of additional lift height at 5.4 metres, compared to the current TM320 model.
New features include an improved cab with instruments providing daily start-up checks from the driver's seat, LED lighting options and self-lubricating bushes which extend greasing intervals to 500 hours.
The TM420 uses the same 145hp JCB EcoMax engine as on the 3.2 tonne lift capacity TM320 and TM320S.
A regenerative hydraulics circuit gives faster boom lowering for quicker loading cycles and a tougher chassis features larger pins and bushes for the centre pivot and loader.
Heavier-duty JCB axles with permanent four-wheel drive handle the increased payload and up to 26 inch wheels with larger tyres can be fitted.
JCB will also show the new Loadall 560-80 Agri Pro and the JCB 541-70 Agri Pro '40' special edition, plus the latest 419S loading shovel and Teleskid telescopic skid-steer loader.
- First previewed at the 2017 Lamma Event, Manitou's new MLA-T articulated loader features a centrally positioned cab to improve visibility and comfort, with access from either side.
Lift capacity is 3,300kg with a 5.2m lifting height. The firm's 2D central articulation point and oscillating rear axle are said to increase stability at full articulation.
The company will also show the MC18 rough terrain forklift, and from the Gehl range, the production version of the T750 telescopic compact loader.
- Claas will introduce the new Scorpion telehandler range built in collaboration with Liebherr, with seven models offering lift capacities from 3.2 to 5.6 tonnes.
These include a new range of features such as engine power management, the firm's Smart Loading driver-assistance system for fine control of the working hydraulics and overload protection, a fully automatic parking brake, controlled crab steering as a fourth steering option and an all-new cab.
The company will also launch its first wheeled loader range with the Torion, also using Liebherr technology, which includes seven models in three size ranges with load capacities ranging from 3.45 to 12.4 tonnes.
The two largest machines offer loading heights of up to 4.64m, suitable to fill tall trailers or trucks, says the manufacturer.
- The Blaney Motor Company will launch its new L1 10-27 pivot steer loader at Lamma.
Its compact size means the loader can access hard to reach areas while its light weight allows them to be transported using vehicles with less than 3.5 tonnes towing capacity.
The loaders have been designed to be simple to operate, says the firm, with easy to use controls and convenient driver access for tasks requiring frequent hopping on and off the seat.
It is also equipped with a 40hp engine and hydrostatic transmission with four-wheel drive limited slip differential.
A high capacity hydraulic system gives a one tonne lifting capacity plus 2.7m reach, or 3.3m for the telescopic model.
- Horsch will present its latest generation Leeb GS trailed sprayer for the first time in the UK, offering proven features such as the BoomControl Pro boom system and stainless tanks, but with new configurations and equipment.
The Leeb GS is now available as Eco, CCS (Continuous Cleaning System) and CCS Pro variants, with a 6,000, 7,000 or 8,000 litre stainless steel tank.
The top-level CCS Pro model uses a new electronic system with electrical valves for suction and pressure, plus a range of cleaning programmes which can be operated from the tractor cab.
Boom widths are from 18m to 42m, with six to 42 sections and a choice of boom control systems.
- Chafer has made a number of upgrades to its Sentry and Guardian trailed sprayers including a new boom suspension assembly for improved contour following, allowing the boom to run closer to the ground (below 50cm) for maximum spray efficacy.
The firm's ePlumbing system has been updated to use CanBus valves which offer operators real time information of the valve's status and position, during automatic filling, rinsing and general plumbing functions.
The steering system on 'e' spec machines has also been updated to include sensors mounted oo the sprayer itself, increasing steering sensitivity and assisting tractor following.
- Amazone will show its new UF 2002 mounted sprayer which offers boom widths up to 30 metres, and the option of either up to 11 part-width sections or individual nozzle shut-off using the AmaSwitch electric nozzle control.
It also features a new, close-coupled, flush-fronted 2,120 litre spray tank and grey 350 litre fresh water tank which offers sufficient clean water for when using the FT1001 front tank.
Performance of the front tank has also been improved with faster transfer rates via the FlowControl system which automatically fills, mixes and transfers the contents of the front tank back and forth where necessary to ensure a homogenous mix and optimum weight distribution between front and back axle without any input from the operator.
- KRM is to bring a new M-Line of fertiliser spreaders featuring a redesigned chassis to increase load capacity by up to 20 per cent, but also to ensure all surfaces are angled to prevent fertiliser being trapped for easy cleaning - capacities are from 3,750 to 5,500 litres.
Fully sealed LED rear lights and reflective warning boards boost road safety.
Extensive use of stainless steel and a plasticised powder paint finish are designed to offer long life protection.
- Pottinger will be introducing the Novacat A9 triple mower combination which shares many features with its 10m cut sibling. On this model, overall cutting width of either 8.92m or 9.18m can be manually configured.
The mowers' cutterbar is equipped with the firm's 'Tri-Drive' gear technology, said to offer a clean cut in heavy conditions.
In addition, Pottinger's patented 'Y Drive' gear train offers vibration-free pto shaft drive, along with externally mounted slip clutches which can easily be accessed for maintenance.
The Novacat A9 is available as a plain disc mower, with the Extra Dry tine conditioner or RCB rubber roller conditioner.
Functions such as independent mower lift and sequenced transport position folding are operated via the in cab Direct Control controller with LCD display.
- Tanco's 1400-V high speed wrapper is the latest version of the company's 1400 trailed round bale wrapper, with the addition of auto-loading.
Other features include Tanco's telescopic cut and start, direct gear drive to the satellite arms and a variable proportional hydraulic control.
The 1400 also offers a low centre of gravity chassis, which positions the bale forward of the axle for maximum stability, says the manufacturer.
- Anderson Group is launching a bale collecting trailer which can pick up wrapped round bales from the field on the move without damaging the wrapping, it says.
The RBM2000 PRO trailer uses a lifting arm which features a bale detector that initiates the loading sequence as soon as the arm contacts the bale.
The trailer can carry 20 bales and loading time is typically 20 seconds per bale. The operator can adjust bale spacing to cater for differing bale lengths.
Bales are unloaded by tilting the trailer rearwards and pushing them off with the headstock, so they land on their end ready for stacking.
- John Deere will show the latest 8000 Series self-propelled forage harvester, equipped with a new generation HarvestLab sensing system.
Introduced in 2007, HarvestLab was the first NIR (near infra-red) sensing system in the industry to measure silage dry matter and enable automatic length of cut adjustments, says Deere. The system can now be used for maize, grass and manure sensing.
HarvestLab 3000 is said to require less maintenance, operate in a wider range of temperatures and feature a much bigger data storage capacity of 2GB, compared to the previous 32MB.
It also has a more operator friendly web interface when used for stationary measurements away from the forager.
John Deere is also introducing the new 490 Plus 12-row rotary drum maize header for 2018.
This double-folding header provides better visibility during transport, and is specifically designed to feed high horsepower foragers working in high-yielding crops.
Other new products on show for the first time at LAMMA will include the S700 Series automated combine and V400 Series variable-chamber round baler.
- Joskin will be showing an updated version of its Volumetra tanker with the new Vacu-Storm Pump concept, which combines a vacuum pump for suction and a centrifugal pump for emptying/feeding the rear implement.
These two pumps are mechanically driven through a pto-shaft via a reinforced monobloc transmission box, directly from the tractor.
The centrifugal pump offers flows up to 10,000 l/min, said to be ideal for spreading across large widths or handling thick slurries.
- Kuhn will be showing the Venta 4030 + HR 4040 combination seed drill. The power harrow element – HR 4040 – uses straight blades and a Duplex gearbox, enabling rotor speed to be adjusted according to soil conditions.
The Venta seed drill features a 1,800 litre seed hopper and seeding rates can be set from the tractor cab from one to 430kg/ha.
Kuhn's Seedflex system uses widely offset double discs mounted on a parallelogram for seeding in conditions from ploughed to min-tilled land. Following press wheels control seeding depth and ensure good soil to seed contact for consistent germination, adds Kuhn.
Tillage and seeding depths are adjusted independently via a roller frame design which effectively separates the two elements.
The Venta 4030 + HR 4040 is suitable for use with tractors with a power output of up to 320hp.
- JC Machinery will show an upgraded Vredo overseeder.
Both the Agri Twin and Agri Air series feature the new Crop Drill System (CDS) which allows the machines to sow cereals directly into stubbles at a 15cm row distance, as well as being used for grassland overseeding.
Vredo overseeders are equipped with the Dual-Disc System which covers the seed with soil to protect it from external predators and extreme weather conditions, for quick germination and deep rooting.
- New from Vaderstad is an 18-row version of the Tempo precision drill.
The Tempo L18 will be available with row spacing down to 500mm, making it ideal for planting crops such as oilseed rape and sugar beet, says the company.
The Tempo L18 can also be adjusted down from 18 to 12 seeding, with the 12-row configuration offering row spacings between 700-800mm, suitable for crops such as maize, and sunflower.
- J Brock and Sons turns its attention to drilling with the launch of the Farmet Falcon, which includes models from 3 to 8m and a choice of 4,000 litre grain-only or 6,000 litre grain and fertiliser tank.
Modular design allows different toolbar options, from discs to power harrows, to be selected and swapped during the season.
Two seed metering units can be set up to sow two different seed types at once, via disc coulters or at 75cm spacings via precision seeding units.
- A new wider 5.5m trailed He-Va Combi Disc will be on show for the first time on the Opico stand.
With a new option to add twin 600mm V-Profile rollers, this latest 5.5m version is designed to subsoil, surface cultivate and consolidate in one pass, with the roller adding effective weather-proof consolidation, says Opico.
Both the depth of the subsoiler legs and discs are hydraulically adjustable from the tractor seat.
- Claydon will use Lamma to launch its new TerraBlade Inter-Row Hoe, after showing a pre-production model at Cereals.
Designed as a low cost, mechanical method of controlling weeds in band-sown crops, the Claydon TerraBlade removes weeds from the unseeded strip between the rows, clearing up any weeds missed by chemicals, or in crops where these products cannot be used, reducing the return of weed seeds.
Four working widths from three to 6m match those of Claydon's Hybrid drills and are equipped with up to 20 tines mounted on a parallel twin-bar frame.
Hourly outputs of 1.5 to three hectares (3.7 to 7.4 acres) are said to be achievable, with minimum power requirements from 30hp to 60hp.
Weight of the machines are from 450kg to 550kg, which fold to 2.71m for transport.
- Weaving Machinery adds the new ultra-low disturbance LD Top Soiler which offers a heaving action to relieve compaction in the top 230mm of soil.
It is designed for use in no-till or min-till systems but is also said to be effective at reducing compaction in conventional systems.
The narrow spacing of the carbide-tipped loosening legs allows soil movement across the full width of the machine.
The Top-Soiler is constructed from high grade steel with a heavy-duty frame, carbide faced loosening legs and lifting wings, with shear bolt leg protection.


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Since it was established by the Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi in 1999, the Abu Dhabi Falcon Hospital has cared for more than 55,000 falcon patients from the Gulf region, treating and examining more than 7,000 falcons each year. The largest falcon hospital in the world, it has opened its doors to tens of thousands of tourists from all over the world, making it one of the most sought after award-winning tourism destinations in the Emirate. For more information, visit:
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Since it was founded in 2001, the club has been working to preserve the traditions of falconry for future generations through a range of education and conservation initiatives.
The club has also taken an active lead on international issues that affect falconry such as the UAE's multi-national bid to UNESCO to have falconry recognised on the list of the world's Intangible Cultural Heritage. For more information, visit
We have supported this environmental non-profit organisation since 2001. Its mission is to help protect biodiversity through conservation, education, awareness and policy recommendations. We provide EWS-WWF with institutional support and offer seed funding for a number of their programmes such as the Ecological Footprint Initiative ('Al Basma Al Beeiyah'), the 'Heroes of the UAE' energy and water conservation campaign and the sustainable fisheries consumer campaign 'Choose Wisely.'
We have been supporting the International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture since 2007. This Dubai-based centre focuses on applied research to develop and promote the use of sustainable agricultural systems that use saline water to grow crops.
EAD has been supporting IFHC since 2009. The organisation's mission is to protect bustards against extinction through breeding and careful management of their population. Additionally, we host the Fund at our Headquarters and provide technical and administrative support as needed.
We have been supporting the IUCN since the year 2000. IUCN is the world's oldest and largest global environmental organisation with a mission to conserve biodiversity and demonstrate how it is fundamental to addressing some of the world's greatest challenges such as climate change, sustainable development and food security. We are a financial backer of the institution and we additionally fund the implementation of their Species Survival Commission's strategic plan.
As a global treaty under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme, CMS provides a platform for the conservation of migratory animals as well as their habitats and migration routes. Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi has hosted CMS Office – Abu Dhabi since 2009. The Office oversees the implementation of two international agreements under the CMS framework: the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia (Raptors MOU), and the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation and Management of Dugongs and their Habitats throughout their Range (Dugong MOU). The UAE is a signatory to both MOUs and is a contracting party to the Convention. In 2017, EAD received two CMS Champion Plus Awards for its commitment towards conservation of birds of prey in Africa and Eurasia and conservation of dugongs and their habitats.


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Trying a new Chinese restaurant can feel a little daunting if your usual dining experience consists of pointing at pictures while smiling. Getting out of your comfort zone is necessary if you want to be able to walk into any local restaurant with confidence. Only certain restaurants cater to foreigners and the majority do not have English. So let this guide help you understand how Chinese menus are typically organized so you can discover the not-so-hidden world of cuisine right under your nose.
Chinese Menu Organization
There are many ways a Chinese menu can be organized, from the cooking method, ingredients, serving temperature, to menus that highlight the specialties. However, dishes are generally categorized under many of the following broad categories and headings, providing a general flow that you can follow no matter what restaurant you're in. You can't memorize every character so try and start with the key character(s) for each broad category, which will be highlighted in the example photos.
冷菜 Cold Dishes
Cold dishes (lěng cài, 冷菜) are an integral part of Chinese cuisine. Not only are they usually placed at the beginning of menus, they also get served faster. Think of them like appetizers, but don't skip over them; they are a complex and interesting part of Chinese cuisine with many cooking methods.
They range from mixing strips of vegetables with vinegar and spices to boiling chicken then letting it sit in a cold bath of soy sauce and seasoning, and many more. Cold dishes aren't merely cold; they should be refreshingly crisp, flavorful and have a colorful presentation.
Other Variations:
凉菜 (liángcài, cool dishes)
More common in the north, look for the character for cool: 凉. You might also see 冷盘 (lěngpán, cold plates).
开胃菜 (kāiwèi cài, appetizers)
Literally: "open appetite dishes;" they should be a mixture of salt and sour dishes, usually cold, but if not specified in the title can be warm.
前菜 (qián cài, appetizers)
Literally "front dishes," this is the Chinese translation most used to refer to Western appetizers but has been adopted by some trendier Chinese restaurants catering to younger people who use it to refer to Chinese cold dishes. Look for 前.
热菜 Hot Dishes
Hot dishes (rè cài, 热菜) are hot as in temperature, not spicy. If you want spicy food, look for the character for spicy: 辣 or là. These are referred to in many different ways as these dishes as they make up the bulk of most menus, often listed by the cooking method employed (see below for extensive list).
Other Variations:
小炒 (xiǎo chǎo, stir-fried)
Literally: small fried, these will be your standard stir-fried dishes. In this case, they're 广东 (Guangdong) fried delicacies. The other most common you will see is simply: 炒菜 (chǎocài, stir-fried).
热炒 (rè chǎo, stir-fried)
Literally: hot fried, this is just another simple way you'll see hot dishes listed. The third character is the traditional version of 类, which means type or kind. This is an extremely common character you will see paired with just about any category.
家常菜 (jiācháng cài, homecooked dishes)
Usually found in smaller restaurants, these dishes are considered simple dishes that are cooked at home for a big family, so look for the characters 家常.
You will also see side dishes referred to as 小菜 (xiǎocài), small plates of food that can be both cold and hot dishes.
Some menus separate their dishes by the manner in which it is heated.
Cooking Methods
Regardles of the ingredients, many menus will use the cooking method to organize their many dishes. Here are a but a few of the many cooking methods you'll find.
|shuǐ zhǔ
主食 Carbs
Zhǔshí (主食) are the dishes that will fill you up and are generally very carb-heavy. Often translated as "staple dishes" because they are the staple of many people's diets, you can expect a lot of grains (gǔ lèi, 谷类): rice, noodles, wheat-based food stuffs like dumplings/breads and anything starchy.
Other Variations:
面类 (miàn lèi, noodle dishes)
饭类 (fàn lèi, rice dishes)
Rice (饭) and noodles (面) are the major carbs you'll see on most Chinese menus, and with good reason. Often when you'll ask a Chinese person, "What's good to eat around here?" They will constantly begin by asking you: "吃面还是吃饭?" Do you want to eat noodles or rice? So on menus you just need to look for the characters: 面 or 饭.
|Zhèlǐ fùjìn yǒu shénme hǎo chī de?
|What's good to eat around here?
|Chī miàn háishi chīfàn?
|Do you want noodles or rice?
招牌 Signature Dishes
These signature dishes (zhāopái, 招牌) are the ones you should look out for first, either being the dishes special to the restaurant or perhaps the culinary concoctions that will make you a lover of that cuisine. When in doubt, I recommend going for these dishes. There are also many other ways in Chinese to refer to these dishes that you'll encounter.
Other Variations:
特色 (tèsè, characteristic/special)
The 'characteristic' dishes are the dishes that best represent what that restaurant or cuisine have to offer. You can ask the waitress, "你们有什么特色?" What are your specials?
You'll also see the characters 推荐 (tuījiàn, recommended) placed next to certain dishes, often accompanied by a more easily identified 'thumbs up' icon. Another one is 金牌 (jīnpái, gold medal), a pun on gold medal and 招牌, another very common way to refer to the specialties on a menu.
|Nǐmen yǒu shénme tèsè?
|What are your specials?
|Nǐ kěyǐ bāng wǒ tuījiàn ma?
|Can you recommend me something?
经典 (jīngdiǎn, classics)
The "classics" of a menu should be a safe bet if you are trying a new cuisine and have no idea what to order.
人气 (rén qì, popular)
Taobao users will be familiar with this phrase, the way to sort products by their popularity. This is also used to sort a menu by the dishes that are ordered most.
小吃 Snacks
Snacks (xiǎochī) are usually offered at the front or back of the menu, like pastries, baked goods, various 饼 (bǐng, pancakes), and sometimes street food snacks. It's important to note that if it's a Cantonese restaurant, then 点心 will refer to what you know as "dim sum," while 点心 listed in non-Cantonese food menus are usually just the desserts.
Other Variations:
点心 (diǎnxīn, snacks or dim sum)
Beyond using the more complicated traditional version of "点心" for some strange reason, this Shaanxi noodle restaurant uses the term to refer to some really typical and delicious Xi'an snacks, including a ròu jiā mó (肉夹馍), which is often referred to as a Chinese hamburger but is closer to a pulled pork sandwich.
汤 Soups
Soups (tāng, 汤) will almost always get their own section, with more some restaurants specializing in soups. Chinese soups are often sour or salty, rarely contain dairy products like cream, and are a good balance for your palate when eating the greasy food often associated with stir-fried dishes. Some menus will specifiy noodle soups vs. dry noodle dishes.
Other Variations:
汤菜 (tāng cài, soups)
炖汤 (dùn tāng, stew)
You will see a huge variety of soups, from "stewed soups" (炖汤) to soup that is full of beans (dòu, 豆). You might also see 汤羹 (tāng gēng) but simply knowing the character for soup is a good start.
锅 Pot Dishes
Anything cooked in a large pot (guō), made from ceramic, stone, metal to clay, is a pot dish, with different cooking methods, such as the 炖 (stew), which are very common in Dongbei cuisine. Pot dishes will often be served in the dish that was used to cook it. And of course you have hot pot, (huǒguō, 火锅), which is a beast of its own.
Other Variations:
干锅 (gàn guō, dry pot dishes)
砂锅 (shā guō, casseroles)
Cantonese restaurants will have casseroles that make something closer to a Western casserole, otherwise think of them as hearty stews with a lot of flavor and ingredients. They are cooked in ceramic pots at high temperatures, sealing in the moisture as well as the heat.
The other major way of separating dishes is of course by whether it is a meat dish or a vegetable dish.
蔬菜 Vegetable Dishes
Vegetables dishes are often accompanied by 田园 (tiányuán), or "from the garden," but this doesn't mean they are vegetarian, it just simply means the bulk of the dish consists of vegetables and will often still contain bits of pork or chicken stock for flavor.
Other Variations:
时蔬 (shí shū, seasonal vegetables)
肉菜 Meat Dishes
You will need to learn the characters for each type of meat, which in Chinese it means learning [animal] + 肉 (ròu, meat). Unlike many Indo-European languages, in Mandarin there is no disconnect between the meat and what animal it's chopped out of.
Other Variations:
|jī ròu
|lù ròu
|lǘ ròu
海鲜 Seafood
Seafood (hǎixiān, 海鲜) will often be labeled along with just fish (yú, 鱼), otherwise you will see the specific sea creature's character labeled in the name of the dish.
Other Variations:
|shàn bèi
And at the back of the menu this is what you will usually find:
甜品 Desserts
Literally "sweet products," (tiánpǐn, 甜品), you'll generally see the character for sweet somewhere in the title. This particular menu specifies that they are 主食 (carbs) desserts, which means they are various cakes and sweet rolls.
Just remember that Asian desserts are often not as sweet or rich in flavor, often using red beans, soy and glutinous rice and shaved ice.
Other Variations:
甜点 (tián diǎn, desserts)
点心 (diǎnxīn, sweets)
Just look for 甜 and you'll find them. Desserts might also be separated by whether or not they are fruit-based (shuǐguǒ, 水果) or milkshakes (nǎi xī, 奶昔).
饮料 Drinks
From soda, water, juices to anything non-alcoholic, to find refreshments (yǐnliào, 饮料) on a menu, you simply need to look for the character for "drinks," 饮, otherwise they will be separately organized in larger menus.
Other Variations:
饮品 (yǐn pǐn, drinks)
Still only need to look for 饮, but this menu also adds the word for product on the end: 品.
酒水 Alcoholic Drinks
Just look for the character for alcohol (jiǔ, 酒) as this also includes the phrase for drinks. It's such a ubiquitous character that you'll see it outside of shops all over Asia letting consumers know where they can go to get their drink on.
Other Variations:
Larger menus will specify what kind of alcohol it is, everything from 白酒 (báijiǔ), 红酒 (hóngjiǔ) to 黄酒 (huángjiǔ). Go for the second cheapest and see for yourself. You might have just found a stronger alcohol to imbibe than your usual 3 RMB Tsingtao.
Regional Variations
Keep in mind that this is merely a primer for how many menus are organized and you will encounter some restaurants that choose to use less standard language to organize their dishes. Refer to the guide while on the go and you should have a much better idea what you're ordering.
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I was wholeheartedly honoured to attend and speak at the launch of the Australian Liberty Alliance (ALA) in Perth last week. What a fantastic week for a fantastic party. The launch included a keynote speech from Dutch MP Geert Wilders, which ensured the nationwide and international media coverage that the party deserves.
Australia desperately needs the ALA. These are decent people who want to pass on the Australia they know and love to their children.
I had thought prior to my arrival that the Aussies are not quite in the fix we Europeans find ourselves, and while this still remains true, Australia is heading, very rapidly, down the same road as the rest of us – political correctness, left-wing bullying and lies, leaders who refuse to listen to those with concerns about Islamic immigration, and a mainstream media entirely complicit and approving of all of the above.
Some of the coverage of the ALA launch is worth surveying. As is the case here in Europe, mainstream journalism in Australia has decided that the new party is the problem, and not what it wants to oppose. The usual labels of "far-right" are thrown around, and most of the Australian press seems to believe that their country is a shining example of multicultural harmony; despite the overwhelming evidence to suggest otherwise.
Take this example from the Daily Telegraph in Sydney which claimed that Wilders was in Australia to "water the seeds of discontent". It then accused him, of course, of being motivated by "hatred". The writer speculates as to just where Mr Wilders' "hatred" might have come from.
His objections to Muslim immigration are a complete mystery it seems. Extraordinarily, and yet typically, there is acknowledgement of the genuine threat that Wilders and the new ALA candidates have to contend with – thereby proving their point about the problems Muslim immigration brings – but the writer still cannot connect the dots and understand that it is the fact that our politicians are threatened that is causing some of them to fight back. The fight is one for our very civilisation.
This one from the news.com.au website suggests that an "ugly" Australia will emerge if the ALA sees significant success. It quotes one Professor Andrew Markus of Monash University as stating: "There will always be a segment of the community that is not happy with change".
But it isn't change that the ALA opposes, it is sharia law, special privileges for religious bullies, misogyny, gang-rape, intimidation, honour killing, and all the other niceties that mass Muslim immigration brings to Western societies. Even those who accept there is a problem, such as a second professor quoted in the same article, are adamant that the only problem is "radicalisation" and the ever-popular "tiny minority" of extremists.
Wrong. In Somalia, 90-odd per cent of girls have their genitals butchered by their own families. This is not a tiny minority. In places like Pakistan, people are horrifically murdered (by law) for having an opinion. The law of the land is not the domain of a tiny minority or an extreme radical fringe. Common sense should tell us that when people move from those countries to Australia, they will bring many ghastly practices with them – this is what the ALA was set up to resist. Good, because very few other Aussie "pollies" are up to the task.
The politicians Down Under sound distinctly like the weak-willed careerists we've become so accustomed to in Europe. The Premier of Western Australia (WA), the state in which the launch took place, said that Wilders would not be allowed to use any public buildings during his visit to Perth.
Therefore, Colin Barnett unilaterally decided that those who support Geert Wilders in Australia, or agree with his right to make his arguments openly and without demonisation, are barred from Western Australia's publicly owned spaces. Only certain opinions are permitted a public airing in Western Australia. It's all sounding very familiar.
The opposition leader in WA added his tuppence worth by complaining about "overseas" politicians causing trouble. I wonder if he's ever said the same about the "overseas" jihadis who preach violence and rape in his country – one suspects not.
Politicians from across the floor jostled to the front of condemnation queue, desperate to ensure their PC credentials by vilifying Wilders and the ALA and ensuring that none of the valid points they raise are actually discussed. One politician reminded the ALA that Australia has constitutionally guaranteed freedom of religion. He must have forgotten to mention that freedom of religion is one of the core reasons that the ALA opposes Islam.
The reality of the death penalty for blasphemy and apostasy that is widespread in the Islamic world also appears to have slipped his mind.
In short, Australia is a few years behind us, but it is well on its way to full-blown dhimmitude if something doesn't change fast; enter the Australian Liberty Alliance. Their core policies are a 10 year moratorium on immigration from member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, an end to divisive multiculturalism, the restoration of true freedom of speech, a reduction in bloated and wasteful government, the establishment of common sense and respect in Australian society, and the preservation of this great country for future generations.
The launch itself was high-spirited and the people were passionate and energetic. The atmosphere was one of hope and determination. The ALA's candidates are exciting and talented and I have no doubt they will shake Australian politics and change that country's direction. In the last few years, Australia has witnessed what we all have across the West – terrorist attacks, child marriage, gang- rapes, the sanitisation of sharia by leaders and media, and the growth of a sinister anti-Western sentiment.
There are problems in schools, problems with corruption, and needless to say, vocal demands from suit-and-tie jihadis to introduce sharia law in family and financial matters for Muslims in Australia. A few years ago, ABC reported that the Australian Federation of Islamic Councils "in a submission to the Federal Parliament's Committee on Multicultural Affairs… asked for the change [the introduction of sharia family law]."
Ikebal Patel, the Federation's president, gave a master-class in double-speak when pushing his sharia agenda. According to the report, Patel agreed that the word sharia conjures up images of a "fierce, unjust, male-dominated legal code".
Of course it conjures up those images, because that is precisely what it is.
Patel assures us that sharia "guarantees women's rights that are not recognised in mainstream Australian courts". Can't argue with that; Australian law allows a woman the same right to divorce as a man, it allows her the right to leave a violent marriage, it allows her the right to be a grown-up if and when she marries, and her testimony has the same value as her husband's. None of this exists under sharia so in that respect he's absolutely right.
Following his organisation's submission for sharia family law, Patel firmly asserted that "there's no aspect of sharia that is being tried to be introduced here", followed by a claim that everyone would benefit if sharia were instituted. Confused? That's the idea. You're not supposed to know the truth about the tyranny that these taqiyya merchants are sneaking through the back door, if you did, you may just oppose it….and that would never do.
I went to the launch of the Australian Liberty Alliance to offer my fullest support to that wonderful group of brave and principled people, but also to ask for their help in the restoration of free speech throughout the West. Following the cartoons, I said I intended to build a global coalition for free speech, and I can think of few better places to start than Australia.
As I told them on the night of the launch, the ALA will have to take many punches; they'll be smeared, bullied, harassed, threatened, and vilified by their own leaders and media. They will need to find the inner strength to stand firm on their message, and to get up again when they are knocked down. Having met the candidates, and their fantastic president Debbie Robinson, I don't think that is going to be a problem.
Good luck to the Australian Liberty Alliance. They deserve every success that is coming their way.
Anne Marie Waters is a London Assembly Member candidate for the UK Independence Party


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Ronald N. Tutor
Senior Officers
Ronald N. Tutor
Having graduated from the University of Southern California in 1963, Mr. Tutor's entire career has been in the construction industry with the Tutor-Saliba Corporation and its predecessor companies Tutor-Saliba and A.G. Tutor Co., Inc. A true leader of the national construction industry, he has been recognized time and again by public and private organizations for his dedication to high quality work and commitment to working for the successful conclusion of the industries largest projects. He has built Tutor-Saliba from a small local builder into one of the United States' largest building and civil works construction companies. In addition, he serves as Chairman and CEO of Tutor Perini Corporation, another of the countries largest building and civil works contractors, working all over the United States and in various parts of the world and has been in that position for some 10 years.
Jack Frost
Having been with Tutor-Saliba for over 22 years, Mr. Frost is responsible for the overall management of Tutor-Saliba's current civil works operation as well as certain of our large building projects. He has successfully managed over $3 billion of both building and civil works contracting including the San Francisco Airport, LAX Runway and Taxiway, I-80 San Francisco Bay Bridge West Approach, Hyperion Treatment Plant, and many of the company's other notable projects. His work on the Seven Oaks Outlet Tunnel resulted in Tutor-Saliba being awarded National Civil Works Contractor of the Year for the entire United States for its performance on that complicated rock tunnel driven at the Seven Oaks Dam. He also manages the quarry and aggregate operations as well as oversees the heavy estimating, equipment, and safety departments.
William B. Sparks
Mr. Sparks has over 30 years of professional experience in General Construction and has held his current position at Tutor-Saliba Corporation for the past 14 years. He has an under-graduate degree in Finance from Texas A & M, has conducted graduate studies at the University of Houston, and is a member of the Construction Financial Management Association. Being experienced in all aspects of financial and administrative management in a multi-company corporate environment, his responsibilities include financial reporting, strategic planning, banking relations, treasury management, risk management, and information systems.
John D. Barrett
Mr. Barrett has over 30 years experience in the Real Estate and Construction industry the last 12 years of which have been in position of management at Tutor-Saliba Corporation. As both a licensed attorney and a Certified Public Accountant, Mr. Barrett has been responsible for Tutor-Saliba Corporations tax planning and compliance functions for corporate, partnership, and joint venture activities. He also acts as Corporate Counsel with respect to general corporate, real estate, and partnership business operations. Mr. Barrett has an under-graduate degree from University of California at Los Angeles, and a Juris Doctor from Loyola Law School. He served for over 12 years as a partner at Coopers & Lybrand LLP, being a Member of Firm Council and the Partner-in-charge of the Los Angeles, Southern California and Arizona Tax practices. He is a member of the California Bar and Society of Certified Public Accountants.
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Eye On: Virtualization Security
SearchSecurity.com's "Eye On" series examines a security topic each month. In May, the series explores virtualization security and the technologies and methodologies available to reduce vulnerabilities and improve virtualization processes.
Reduce virtualization security risks by thinking physical, experts say
Many firms have been deploying virtualized infrastructure to reduce costs and boost efficiencies, but virtualization security experts say those same firms should reassess their security practices to address any gaps that the technology poses.
Like in the past when physical infrastructure and systems are deployed to meet business needs, security also tends to take a back-seat in many early virtualization deployments, said Dave Shackleford, founder and principal consultant at Atlanta-based Voodoo Security. The good news is the same practices used to defend against attacks on physical systems can be applied to address virtualization security risks, Shackleford said.
Read more here
SearchSecurity.com's new "Eye On" series examines a security topic each month. In May, the series explores the impact of virtualization on security and the technologies available to protect sensitive data and defend against attacks.
Hypervisor security planning: Guidelines
With proliferation of server virtualization, hypervisor security is an emerging concern. Though theoretical, we look at the risks and mitigation measures.
Vendors tackle challenges in securing virtual environments
Security companies look to overcome performance bottlenecks with retooled technology for virtual security.
Video: Integrating virtual-aware
security technologies
In this video presentation, enterprise
information security expert Dave Shackleford offers
an overview of the key enterprise virtualization security
product segments on the market today and
key considerations for when to consider them.
Customers in no rush to buy virtualization security products, services
More customers are implementing virtualization, but are opportunities increasing around virtualization security products? Observers say not just yet.
Virtual desktop benefits include tighter security, hot desking
With the help of hot desking and other virtualisation technologies, the Basildon Borough Council was able to centralise its security administration and reduce its number of desks by more than 30%.
Auditing virtualization: Security training for infosec pros
This chapter discusses auditing virtualized environments, and begins with an overview of common virtualization technologies and key controls.


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I'm linking up with Kacey for 5 for Friday.
1. Happy 4th of July!
2. I am finally almost done with Breaking Bad! I have been watching it since December and I am now in the final season episode 6 and I am hoping to finish it up in the next week or so! It is getting crazy good!
3. This past week we went to the beach and had a fun time playing in the water and playing on the playground. My dad came with us, which Ethan loves because he is a Grandpa's boy!
4. Last night we listened Detroit Symphony Orchestra at Greenfield Village.
5. Today Matt and I are celebrating our 5th wedding anniversary!
Have a fun 4th of July and great weekend!


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I still find each session as exciting as my first. I believe that passion and creativity enables me to create beautiful and timeless images to be enjoyed for years to come.
Hi, I am Maxine. I am a wife and mother of two gorgeous children ages 8 & 6. I am a professional photographer based in Newlands Pretoria, specialising in Maternity, Newborn and baby photography.
My photography journey began when I was a little girl and loved paging through albums and albums of family pictures. And the best part was learning about the stories as their memories were jolted by a simple picture. These pictures were more than just milestones of the families history, they were a visual record of the love, pride and joy the family shared.
As time past like many of you, I loved taking pictures of our lives and families. But when my daughter was born, I don't remember much as time passed by in such a blur, but my cousin (a professional photographer) insisted we take my daughters newborn photographs soon after birth. The pictures came out perfect in every way, they captured emotion that spoke to me and connected with me. They caught her angelic expressions and delicate features. I loved the experience and will cherish it forever.


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I'm doing the "Eat Right for Your Blood Type" diet. It's just ANOTHER fitness "craze" that I'm testing out. As a fitness professional I feel like it's my duty to give my feedback on all things health and fitness related. The diet was designed by Dr. Peter D'Adamo. I like the theory behind the program, it's not a blanket program, it's literally based on an individual's blood type.
Starting Up
I did an at home test to find out my blood type. I'm B+ (HOW FITTING!) It's pretty interesting how this works. Most of what is on the list of approved foods for me is what I normally eat. No matter what blood type you are the foods are are whole which, having graduated from the Institute for Integrative Nutrition, and being a generally healthy person. makes me happy. It gives options for all food groups, meats, dairy, seafood, fruits, veggies, fats, breads/grains, oils. Dr. D'Adamo lists what foods are most beneficial, neutral and what to avoid for each blood type. The doc also tells you how many times per week each are recommended.
I do have to say I'm pretty happy that I'm B+. I love that my body over the years has told me what to eat (most of the foods that I don't like or don't make me feel great are on my "avoid" list), BUT and it's a giant BUT there are a few I'm sad to let go of. As i was reading down the "avoid" column I nearly teared up…tomatoes, avocado, chickpeas, sesame seeds, ice cream (I mean, this one's obvious, but still). UGH, I eat avocado in lieu of dairy, tomatoes are in so many of my meals; salads, egg white omelets, just plain! Chickpeas…hello hummus, wait, I mean goodbye. Okay, this is going to be challenging to take out, but I'm giving it a month starting today. READY…GO!
It's pretty interesting and i'm excited to see how it's going to make me feel. Sending you some summer lovin'!
I can see you GETTING FIERCE!
Today's Meal Plan: August 13th, 2012
- 6AM ice coffee with skim
- 8AM egg white omelet with spinach, peppers, onions and swiss & mango
- 12PM green juice (kale, cucumber, lemon, parsley & apple)
- 3PM arugula salad with cucumber, beets, asparagus and balsamic vinegrette
- 6PM tuna with broccoli, carrots, peppers & banana


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Miss Snark:
I was reading your blog about the woman who sent in an 800,000 word manuscript with no SASE and I was wondering, does the MS have to be THAT long for you to consider it? That's a hell of a lot of padding, and my book is padded enough as it is. If I add another 100,000 words, somebody is likely to get wise. Would 700,000 words do? I am glad I don't have to send an SASE. My book is so big it would take a trunk like the one they used to use on the old Stanley Steamers.
Also, I appreciated the notes about the gift package. I wondered what it takes to get an editor's attention. I usually send out a tube of toothpaste, a bar of soap ripped off from the Ramada Inn Express the last time I was there (only used once), and a couple of cigars. Having worked in the business world I learned a long time ago that performance doesn't get you anything but fired, and you know what I mean, Miss Snark, or you would not be self-employed. What people are looking for is bull-uh-something. Nobody cares whether you can write or not (and they sure as hell don't care if I can. They publish my stuff anyway.) I will try your suggestions when I query you.
Many thanks for considering my query.
Yes, I know the perfect place for this one.


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|» Products
|» Areca Leaf Products
|» Areca Leaf Bowl
We are exporting high quality and various ranges of disposable areca leaf bowl. Our areca leaf bowl is durable and hygienic in nature. This bowl is made by using latest machines and high grade raw materials which are procure from our trusted sources.
Few available products are Areca Leaf round plates in sizes of 6", 8", 10", 12" with different rib sizes, Areca leaf Hexagon plates in sizes of 6", 8", 10", 12", Areca Leaf rectangle plates in sizes 6.5"X4.5", 8"X5", Areca Leaf Round Bowl of 4", 5", Areca Leaf partition plates, Innovative Areca leaf Lunch box, etc.
ZAAHRAH EXPORTS All Rights Reserved.(Terms of Use)
Developed and Managed by Infocom Network Ltd.


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Programs of Instruction:
Students ranging in age from 14 1/2 to 17:
36-hour Program:
30-hours of classroom instruction
6-hours of behind- the-wheel driving instruction
Call to get the full cost of the course. A $50.00 deposit (non-refundable) is required to pre-register. The full balance is due on the first day of class.
Please contact the school to verify the total cost. The $50 deposit (non-refundable) is not calculated in the total cost.
1. Please make sure the driver receives a full 6 -8 hours of rest prior to driving. Driving when fatigue is hazardous.
2. The student should wear shoes that tie or buckle, not flip-flops.
3. The behind-the-wheel driving instruction times are flexible and are scheduled between the hours
of 6:00 am and the last session ending at 7:00 pm.
4. Students must be on time for driving sessions. Please call ahead of time if you are going to be late.
5. As a courtesy to other students and B&L instructors, a 24 hour cancellation notice is required.
6. While driving students will receive short breaks. Please bring money to purchase a snack.


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The more our members get involved the stronger our state organization and athletic training profession as a whole becomes. The NATA is only as strong as its districts, the districts are only as strong as its individual states, and the profession of athletic training in Kansas is only as strong as its ACTIVE members involved with KATS.
BE ACTIVE within your profession!
KATS COMMITTEES and Chairs
College/University Athletic Training Students – Morgan Rakestraw (email@example.com)
Governmental Affairs – John Burns (firstname.lastname@example.com)
History and Archives – Brad Jones (email@example.com)
Honor and Awards – Amy Cahill (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Intercollegiate Committee on Sports Medicine – Pete Manely (email@example.com)
KSHSAA/SMAC – Phillip Vardiman (President-Elect) (email@example.com)
LBGTQ+ – Jennifer Raybern (email@example.com)
NATA Foundation – Matt Way (email@example.com)
Practice Advancement – Steve Barrett (email@example.com)
Research Grants – Phillip Vardiman (email@example.com)
Scholarship – Steve Zimmerman (email@example.com)
Secondary School Athletic Trainers – Justin Clark (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Symposium – Karen Garrison (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Young Professionals – Caitlin Truhe (firstname.lastname@example.com)


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This newly-refurbished and uniquely-styled lounge offers a welcoming, trendy atmosphere complete with stunning views across London and is the perfect place to relax pre-match and at half-time.
You will benefit from our friendly counter service, offering a delicious a la carte, bistro-style menu. To top your day off, you will also get the chance to meet the Man of the Match after the game.
- A vibrant selection of hot and cold food available for purchase
- Cash bar
- Prime, padded seating on the half-way line
- Complimentary matchday programme and teamsheet for each guest
- Man-of-the-match presentation
- A matchday hostess to support your experience
- Access to the lounge before kick-off, at half-time and after the game
- A visit from a Charlton legend
Upgrade to our Vista Restaurant?
The Valley's Vista Restaurant was newly refurbished for the 2015/16 season and has received unprecedented praise from its guests. Situated at the apex of the stadium, the views in the restaurant are spectacular and only add to the ambiance.
Our Vista restaurant offers a delicious two-course, set-meal at the comfort of your own private table. You will also receive the fantastic opportunity of having photos taken and having your matchday programme signed by the Man of the Match after the game.
For more information on the Vista Lounge or to book, please email email@example.com or call 020 8333 4050


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Ernest "Pop" Stoneman © 2012 by Wayne Erbsen
We couldn't quite figure out who he was. As the lights were dimmed and the audience hushed, my sister Bonnie and I sat in suspense at the West Hollywood club known as The Ash Grove. All at once, the band started to play and even as our attention became riveted on the spectacle unfolding before us, we wondered about the little old man sitting on stage in a hard-backed chair with an autoharp flat on his lap and a little black hat stuck on his head. We got a hint when members of the Stoneman Family eventually introduced him as the patriarch of the clan, Pop Stoneman. When his time came to sing, the old gentleman forcefully launched into the old-time song "The Titanic." While we thought his performance quaint, we were frankly more awed by the bigger spectacle of the younger Stonemans' show. There was Roni, whose hard-edged banjo playing was tempered by her goofy stage persona, pretty Donna, who danced while her fingers fairly flew over the mandolin, big Van on guitar, and Jimmy on bass fiddle. What really caught my attention was the fiddler, Scotty. He played with the wild abandon that made me think he was being chased by the headless horseman of Ichabod Crane fame. As he played, it was almost like he was possessed by the devil. Only later did I find out that wasn't far from the truth.
Looking back on that memorable evening in 1964, I'm embarrassed to admit I didn't pay more attention to Pop Stoneman. Now that I've researched his career, there are so many questions I'd like to ask him. Luckily, folklorist Archie Green had the wherewithal to interview him back in 1962, and for that, I'm grateful.
Although known in later years as "Pop," his given name was Ernest V. Stoneman. He grew up in the tradition-rich region of southwest Virginia of Carroll County. His great, great grandfather had been shanghaied from England when he was only twelve years old and put off in North Carolina to fend for himself. As young Ernest was growing up near Iron Ridge, Virginia, he was surrounded by the music of family and neighbors. In early 1924, the thirty-one year old Stoneman was in the Warwick Furniture Store in Bluefield, West Virginia, when he heard a phonograph record that caught his attention. He recognized the voice as that of Henry Whitter singing "The Wreck of the Old 97." Stoneman knew Whitter from way back, when they both worked at a cotton mill in Fries, Virginia. Knowing he could outdo Whitter in singing and playing, Stoneman made up his mind to make his own phonograph records. Without delay, he wrote both Columbia and Okeh. He soon received positive replies, with Columbia setting a September 2nd audition and Okeh inviting him to "come up any time." That was the beginning of a career that would span over four decades. In that time, he recorded hundreds of records on every possible medium: cylinders, 78s, LPs, radio and TV. Through his performances and recordings he managed to help perpetuate old-time music for future generations.
Ironically, his biggest contribution may have been quite by accident. During Stoneman's Victor recording session in late July of 1927 in Bristol, Tennessee, Ralph Peer let it slip to a newspaper reporter that Stoneman's royalties amounted to $3,600 in the previous year alone. Once that story hit the paper, droves of old-time musicians came out of the hills to audition for Victor. Included in that number was a group calling themselves the Carter Family. The rest, as they say, is history.
Note: This story is but one chapter from Wayne Erbsen's book, Rural Roots of Bluegrass.


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These Chaumet ABC earrings in yellow gold spell out 'toi et moi' in pink tourmaline, fire opals, Iolites and morganite.
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