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If a ray of light pass through a plate of quartz which has been cut perpendicularly to the axis, or line parallel to the main planes bounding the crystal, it is as usual divided into two; but the vibrations in each ray, instead of being rectilinear and at right angles to one another, are circular and in opposite directions. That is to say, if the motion of vibration in one ray is directed like the hands of a clock, that in the other is directed in the opposite sense; and the light in each ray is then said to be circularly polarised. The motion of a series of particles of ether, which when at rest lie in a straight line, is circular, and, as in plane polarisation, successive; and consequently, at any instant during the motion such a series of particles will be arranged in a helix or corkscrew curve. The sweep of the helix will follow the same direction as that of the circular motion ; and, on that account, a circularly polarised ray is spoken of as right-handed or lefthanded, according to the direction of motion. A righthanded ray is one in which, to a person looking in the direction in which the light is moving, the plane of vibration appears turned in the same sense as the hands of a watch. Or, what is the same thing, to a person meeting the ray, it appears turned in the opposite sense, viz., that in which angles when measured geometrically are usually reckoned as positive.
The question, however, which mainly concerns us is the condition of the vibrations after emerging from the plate of quartz and before entering the analyser. In the passage of the ray through the plate the ether is subjected to a double circular motion, one right-handed, the other left-handed; but, as one of these motions is transmitted with greater velocity than the other, it follows that at any given point and at the same instant of time one of the revolutions will, in general, be more nearly completed than the other, or, to use an expression adopted in plane polarisation, there will be a difference of phase. The motions may be represented by two clock hands moving at the same rate in opposite directions, and the difference of phase by the angle between them when one of them is in the position from which angles are reckoned. As both are supposed to move at the same rate, they will have met in a position midway between their actual positions ; and if we consider a panicle of the ether (say) at the extremity of the clock-hands, it will be solicited when the hands are coincident by forces producing two opposite circular motions. Now, whatever may have been the forces or structural character within the crystal whereby this double circular motion is perpetuated, it is clear that when the ray emerges into air the particle of ether immediately contiguous to the surface of the crystal will be acted on by two sets of forces, one whereby it would be caused to follow the right-handed and the other the left-handed rotation. Each of these may, as is well known, be represented by a pair of forces, one directed towards the centre of the circle, the other in the direction of the motion and at right angles to the first, or, to use geometrical language, one along the radius and towards the centre, the other along the tangent and in the direction of the motion. The two forces acting along the tangent being in opposite directions will neutralise one another, and the resultant of the whole will, therefore, be a force in the direction of the centre. The particle in question, and consequently all those which following in succession serve to compose the entire ray until it enters the analyser, will vibrate in the direction of the diameter drawn through the point under consideranon ; or, to express it otherwise, the ray will be plane-polarised, and the plane of vibration will be inclined to the plane irom which angles are measured by an angle equal to half the, oiiference of phase on emergence due to the thickness of the crystal. The retardation being the same absolute quantity for all rays, will, as in the case of plane polarisation, be a different fraction of the wave-length for rays of different colours, and will be greater for the shorter waves than for the longer. Hence
the planes of vibration of the different coloured rays, after emerging from the quartz, will be differently inclined. Each ray will therefore enter the analyser in a condition of plane polarisation; and if the analyser be turned round, it will cross the vibrations of the various coloured rays in succession, and extinguish each of them in turn. Each of the images will consequently exhibit a gradual change of colour while the analyser is being turned; and the tints will be, as explained before, complementary to those which are successively extinguished. For a given plate of quartz the order of the tints will be reversed when the direction of rotation of the analyser is reversed. But it should be here explained that there are two kinds of quartz, one called right-handed and the other left; and that, for a given direction of rotation of the analyser, these cause the colours to follow one another in opposite orders. A similar effect is produced by turning the polariser round in the opposite direction.
The angle of rotation of the plane of vibration for any particular colour varies, as stated above, with the thickness of the plate ; while for a given thickness it increases nearly as the square (product of the quantity into itself) of the wave-length decreases. In mathematical language it varies approximately inversely as the square of the wave-length. If this law were accurately true, the product of the angles of rotation into the square of the corresponding wave-lengths (X) would be the same for all rays. The following are some measurements made by Brock, with a quartz plate one millimetre thick, which show that the law may be considered as true for a first approximation.
If the colours exhibited by a plate of quartz when submitted to polarised light be examined by a spectroscope, in the way described when we were speaking of selenite, the spectrum will be found to be traversed by one or more dark bands, whose position and number depend upon the thickness of the plate. But there will be this difference between plane and circular polarised light, that if the analyser be turned round, the bands will never disappear, but will be seen to move along the spectrum in one direction or the other, according as the plate of quartz be right-handed or left-handed, and according to the direction in which the analyser is turned. This is, in fact, identical with the statement made before, that the analyser in its different positions successively crosses the plane of vibration of each ray in turn, and extinguishes.it.
This being so, it is clear that a change of colour exhibited by a quartz plate when submitted to plane-polarised light and examined with an analyser, forms a test of a change in the plane of original polarisation. And if the plate be composed of two parts, one of right-handed, the other of left-handed quartz, placed side by side, any change in the plane of polarisation will affect the two parts in opposite ways. In one part the colours will change from red to violet, in the other from violet to red. At two positions of the polariser, or analyser, the colours must be identical. With plates, as usually cut, one of these identities will be in the yellow, the other at the abrupt passage from violet to red, or vice vend. In this case the field appears of a neutral tint, teinie sensible or teinte de passage, as the French call it, and the slightest change in the plane of polarisation exhibits a marked distinction of colour, one part verging rapidly to red, the other to violet. This arrangement is called a biquartz, and affords a very delicate test for determining the posi
Ition, or change of position, of the plane of polarisation, especially in cases where feebleness of light or other circumstance interfere with the employment of prismatic analysis.
If the thickness of the plate be such that the difference of rotation of the planes of vibration of the rays corresponding to the two ends of the visible spectrum (or, as it is sometimes termed, the "arc of dispersion") be less than 180°, there will be one dark band in the spectrum; because there can then be only one plane of vibration at a time at right angles to that of the analyser. If the arc of dispersion is greater than 18o° and less than 3600, there will be two bands. And so on for every 1800 of dispersion.
This mode of examination by means of prismatic analysis is the most accurate yet devised for measuring the angle of rotation produced by circular polarisation; especially if solar light be employed, and the fixed lines used to form a scale of measurement.
The property of circular polarisation is, however, not confined to quartz. Among solids, chloride of sodium is the only other known instance, but among fluids and fluid solutions there are not a few.
The following list is given by Verdct. The angles have reference to the red rays given by a plate of glass coloured with oxide of copper, and are affected with the sign -f- in the case of right-handed, and with — in the case of left-handed rotation. The length of the column of the solution is in every case one decimetre.
— 29° 6
+ 55°-3
+ 7i>"'94
— o°'7o
+ 2°-29
+ 3°-29
,. peppermint.
" rosemary
,, marjoram .
,, sassafras
Solution of sugar 50 per cent.
,, quinine 6 per cent, in )
alcohol . )
It will be noticed that the rotary power of all these substances is much less than that of quartz.
A mixture of liquids, one or both of which is active, generally exhibits a rotatory action represented by the sum or difference of their separate powers (a neutral liquid being considered to have a power represented by o); but this law is true only when no chemical action takes place between the elements of the mixture. Saccharine solutions vary not only in the amount but also in the character of their power of rotation ; thus cane sugar is right-handed, but grape sugar left-handed.
The property in question has been turned to practical use by employing the rotatory power of a saccharine solution as a measure of the strength of the solution. For this purpose a tube containing the solution to be examined is placed between two Nicol's prisms. The simple fact of circular polarisation is proved by a feeble exhibition of the phenomena shown by a plate of quartz cut perpendicularly to the axis. But for accurate measurement various expedients have been adopted. 1/ a biquartz be inserted behind the analyser (the end of the apparatus next the eye being considered the front), then for a certain position of the analyser the two halves will appear of the same colour. When the tube for examimtion is inserted the similarity of colour will be disturbed; and the angle through which, right or left, the analyser must be turned in order to restore it will be a measure of the rotary power of the fluid.
Another method is as follows :—Use a single quartz instead of a biquartz; in front of it place a pair of quartz wedges, with the thin end of one opposite the thick end of the other ; the outer surfaces having been cut perpendicularly to the axis. If the plate be right-handed, the
wedges must be left-handed, and vice vrrsd. The wedges must be made to slide one over another so as together to form a plate of any required thickness, and a scale connected with the sliding gear registers the thickness of the plate produced. When the tube is removed the wedge are adjusted so as to compensate the quartz plate, and their position is considered as the zero point of the seal;. When the tube is replaced, the wedges are again adjust J so as to compensate the action of the fluid in the tub?, and the difference of the readings gives the thickness 01 quartz necessary for the compensation. The rotatory effect of a given thickness of quartz being supposed known we know at once the effect of a thickness of the fluid under examination equal to the length of the tube.
Another method has been based upon the principle of Savarts bands; but sufficient has perhaps here been said to illustrate the principle of the saccharometer.
Circular polarisation may, however, be also prodaced by other means, namely, by total reflexion, and by transmission through doubly-refracting plates of suitable thickness.
It will perhaps be best to begin with the list. And in order the better to understand the process we must consider briefly the result of compounding two rectilinear vibrations under different circumstances.
Suppose a particle of ether to be disturbed from its point of rest O in a direction O A. The attraction of the particles in its neighbourhood would tend to draw it back to O; and let O A be the extreme distance to which under these attractions it would move. Having reached A it would return to O, and passing through O with a velocity equal to that with which it started under the disturbing force, it would move to a point B equidistant from O with A, but in the opposite direction. And if, as is generally supposed, the ether is perfectly elastic, or th.it there are no internal frictions or other conditions whereby the energy of motion is converted into other forms of energy, the oscillations or vibrations of the particle between the points A and B will continue indefinitely. No* suppose that while these vibrations are going on, a seconJ disturbing impulse, equal in intensity, but in a direction at right angles to the first, be communicated to the particle it is clear that the effect on the motion of the particle will be different according as it takes place at the point of greatest velocity O, or at that of no velocity A or li, or at some intermediate point. Our object is to consider the effects under these various circumstances.
A complete vibration consists in the motion from O to A, thence to B, and finally back to O ; so that if O be tho starting point the passage through A will be removed onefourth, th- passage through O from A towards B will be one-half, the passage through B will be three-fourths, and the passage through O from B to A a complete vibration from the commencement. This being so, suppose that the second impulse be communicated while the particle is at O on its way towards A, then the impulses may be considered as simultaneous and the vibrations to which they give rise will commence together, and the waves of
which they form part will be coincident. If the second impulse take place when the particle is at A, the two sets of vibrations or waves to which they belong will have a difference of phase (i.e. the first will be in advance of the second) equal to one-fourth of a vibration or one-fourth of a wave-length. If the second impulse take place when the particle is at O on its way to B, the difference of phase will be half ; if when it is at B the difference will be threefourths of a wave-length.
The particle being at O, and subject to two simultaneous impulses of equal strength, one in the direction of A, the other in that of C, must move as much in the direction of C as in that of A, that is, it must move in a straight line equally inclined to both, namely O E in the same figure. And inasmuch as the two impulses in no way impede one another, the particle will move in each direction as far as it would have done if the other had not taken place. In other words, if we draw a square about O with its sides at distance equal to O A or O B, the extent of the vibration will be represented by O E where E is a corner of the square. The complete vibration will then be represented by the diagonal E F in the same way as it was by the line A B in the first instance. If the impulse had been communicated at the instant of passage through O on the way to B, it is clear that a similar train of reasoning would have shown that the vibration would have been in the other diagonal G H. We conclude, therefore, that if two sets of rectilinear vibrations, or plane waves, at right angles to one another combine, then when they are coincident they will produce a rectilinear vibration, or Wave, whose plane is equally inclined to the two, and lying in the direction towards which the motions are simultaneously directed. In the figure this is represented by the dexter diagonal. When the two sets of waves have a difference of phase equal to half a wave length, their combination gives rise to a wave represented in the figure by the sinister diagonal.
Suppose now that the second impulse is communicated at the instant when the particle is at A; in other words, that the two sets of waves have a difference of phase equal to one-fourth of a wave-length. At that instant the particle will have no velocity in the direction of A B (for convenience, say eastwards), and will consequently begin to move in the direction of the second impulse, say northwards. Hut as time goes On the paiticle will have an increasing velocity westwards and a diminishing velocity n.orthwards, it will therefore move in a curve which gradually and uniformly bends, until when it has reached its greatest distance northwards it will be moving wholly westwards. And as the motion not only will be the same in each quadrant, but would be the same even if the directions of the impulses were reversed, it is clear that the curvature of the path will be the same throughout, that is to say, if two sets of waves of the same magnitude in planes perpendicular to one another, and with a difference of phase equal to one-fourth of a wave-length combine, they will produce a wave with circular vibrations.
If the second impulse be given when the particle arrives at B, that is, if the waves have a difference of phase equal to three-fourths of a wave-length, similar considerations will show that the motion will be circular, but in the opposite direction.
Suppose, therefore, that wc allow plane-polarised light to fall upon a plate of doubly refracting crystal cut perpendicularly to the axis in the case of a uniaxal crystal, or in the case of a biaxal to the plane containing the two axes, say a plate of mica which splits easily in that direction ; then the vibrations will, as before explained, be re solved in two directions, at light angles to one another. And further, if the original directions of vibration be equally inclined to the new directions, i.e., if it be inclined at 45u to them, the amount or extent of vibration resolved in each direction will be equal. Further, if the thickness of the plate be such as to produce retardation or differ
ence of phase equal to a quarter of a wave, or an odd number of quarter wave-lengths, for the particular ray under consideration ; then the two sets of vibrations on emerging from the mica plate will recombine, and. in accordance with the reasoning given above, they will form a circular vibration, left-handed or right-handed according as the retardation amounts to an integral number of threequarter wave-lengths or not.
It thus appears that a plate of mica which retards one of the sets of waves into which it divides an incident set by an odd multiple of quarter-wave lengths, affords a means of producing circular from plane polarisation. It remains to be shown that, with the same plate in different positions, right or left handed circular polarisation may be produced at pleasure. Suppose tbat the original vibrations are in the direction E F in the foregoing figure; the mica plate will resolve them into the two directions AB, CD, one of the rays, say the first, will be transmitted with greater velocity than the other, and the vibrations along C D will be one-fourth of a wave-length behind those along A B. This will correspond to the case discussed above, and will give rise to a circular vibration in a direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock. Suppose, however, that the plate be turned round through a right angle, so that the vibrations which are transmitted with greater velocity are placed parallel to C D, and those which are transmitted with lesser along A B. The ray whose vibrations are along A B will then be a quarter wave-length in advance, or, what comes to the same thing, they are three-quarters of a wave-length in rear of the others j arid this condition of things produces, as explained before, a circular vibration in a direction the reverse of the former. It thus appears that the plate placed in one direction will convert plane into right-handed circular polarisation; and if turned round through a right angle from that position will convert plane into left-handed circular polarisation. A like change from right-handed to left-handed circular polarisation, or vice-verstt, may obviously be effected byturning the orginal plane of polarisation through a right angle; so that it shall lie between lines of concurrent instead of between lines of discordant motion.
W. Spottiswoode {To be continued?)
FROM La Nature we learn that the pateontological collection of the Museum of Natural History of Paris has just been enriched by the addition of a new specimen of very great scientific interest, which is the entire skeleton of Palaolherium magnum, imbedded in a large block of gypsum and marl, the whole being exhibited in the anatomical department of the museum.
The Palffoiherium magnum', whose name alone indicates its ancient existence, was first recorded by the great French naturalist Cuvier, in his celebrated "Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles.".jIt is an animal which is entirely extinct, without any present representative. Individuals of the species must have been extremely abundant during the period that it existed. Modern zoologists place it among the Perissodactylates, that is to say, with the at present existing rhinoceros, tapir, and horse. It forms part of the fauna which is found abundantly embedded in the deposits of gypsum. All pal aeon tological collections, even the most humble, have for a long time been provided with the remains, or more or less complete portions of this fossil form, but none have yet had the good fortune to obtain a complete skeleton.
The principal result of the examination of the new specimen which we are describing has been to show that until now very inexact notions have been entertained as to what this animal truly was when the proportions and general contour of the tapir were assigned to it, as was done even by Cuvier himself.
Far from being bulky and almost massive, as was thought, Palaotherium magnum is now evidently seen to be a very slender animal, with an extremely graceful carriage, with the neck longer than in the horse, and a general contour much on the same type as that of the Llama.
Without attempting a detailed study of its osteological structure, we may mention that Palaotherium magnum had a height a little less than that of a middle
sized horse. Three toes are found on each of the feet: the head, much like that of a tapir, had most probably also the rudiment of a trunk ; the femur has a third trochanter; the dentary system is composed, in each j»«r, of six incisors, two canines, and fourteen molars, these latter corresponding with the same teeth in the rhinoceros.
Palaotlurium magnum, like its congeners, of which about a dozen species are at present known, was herbivorous, and without doubt lived in large herds. Its existence carries us back to that age of our earth which is termed the Eocene period, and it is in the middle of that period, which comprises the gypsum deposits or their geological
equivalents, that its remains are discovered, as well as those of all the other species of the same genus.
Nevertheless it made its appearance even before the gypsum formation, its presence having been detected in the beds of coarse limestone, which are inferior to and therefore more ancient than that formation.
It is the plaster quarries of Montmartre, Pantin, and La Villette, near Paris, which have for a long time held the privilege of furnishing to palaeontologists the numerous remains that are known of this fossil species. The Palaeotherium, which forms the subject of this notice, was obtained from a plaster-quarry situated at Vitry-sur-Seine.
It was, however, even a few days ago, as we see it to-day, exposed on one side, and on the other encrusted in its stony resting-place in the ceiling of a subterraneous gallery, a little more than four yards high. Only a fe»' have visited it, although M. Fuchs, a civil engineer, the proprietor of the quarry where this magnificent specimen was found, offered to give it to the Museum.
The gift so generously offered was immediately accepted; and Prof. Gervais, with a scientific zeal which ought to be fully acknowledged, occupied himself with the direction of the important task of taking it intact to Paris.
'Is H E characteristic appearance of this planetary body, *- long familiar to astronomers, has of late become generally known. Remarkable neither for situation, magnitude, brilliancy, retinue or complexity of arrangement, inferior in each of these respects to some, and in many of them to several of the members of the solar family, one circumstance alone invests it with a peculiar interest—its resemblance to ourselves. Such a resemblance obviously does not exist in the mightier and more nobly attended external planets: the banded skies of two and the strong atmospheric absorption of the two others revealed by the spectroscope, sufficiently show that they belong to classes
mutually indeed dissimilar, but each differing, and perhaps widely, from our own. With the swift and fiery Mercury we can have as little sympathy; and though Venus would offer a more promising analogy, the configuration of her beautiful surface is not well seen or readily interpreted. Mars therefore remains; and while, fortunately for astronomers, he occupies such a position that his features are fairly accessible, they bear an aspect so comparatively intelligible that, whatever may be the case as to our other fellow-subjects in the solar monarchy, we are ready to claim that globe as a close relation of our own, inferior indeed in magnitude and importance, if importance is indicated by an attendant, but arranged in a corresponding manner by the Great Creator as the seat of life and intelligence. Such a supposition has been gradually and surely ad
vancing from an early period of telescopic astronomy. The polar whiteness detected by Huygensand Cassini I. as far back as 1672 would naturally suggest the idea of a snowy deposit, which assumed almost the form of certainty, when the elder Herschel showed that its extent was regulated by the Martial seasons, and that it wasted steadily down with the advance of vernal heat. From the obvious division of the surface into brighter and darker portions, the existence of an atmosphere at least would be inferred, so long as they were supposed to be variable; but as the evidence of their general permanence increased under the eye of Herschel I. about a century ago, this impression gave place to the more definite recognition of something corresponding to the outlines of lands and oceans, with occasional variation from atmospheric condensations; and thus by degrees we have been led to acknowledge, in that remote and otherwise unimportant globe, a most interesting counterpart of our own.
This conclusion has not, however, been attained by an uninterruptedly continuous or an uniformly satisfactory process of deduction; and even at the present time it is perhaps not universally received. Schroter referred the darker portions to atmospheric obscuration, a notion which pervaded others of his investigations", not to their advantage; and a more recent observer of considerable ability, the late Prof. Kaiser, of Leiden, whose decease in his 64th year took place July 28, 1872, has, in a very elaborate and interesting report of the work done on the planet at that observatory, expressed his doubts as to the certainty of the more customary inference. Whatever may be our own impressions on the subject, his criticisms and conclusions exhibit so much of the genuine spirit of an impartial student that some notice of them, as they are found in vol. iii. of the Annals of the Leiden Observatory, may be worth the attention of our readers. This observatory, it should be noted, is provided with a Merz achromatic of 7 (French ?) inches aperture, and was therefore, under Kaiser's superintendence, fairly competent for physical researches commensurate with the present demands of science ; as it is well known, and indeed especially brought out by the observations we are about to notice, that much larger telescopes are not invariably, or even generally, available in proportion to their magnitude. The addition, in 1872—too late therefore for a share in the professor's observations—of an 8J inch With-Browning reflector, will hereafter not only afford an interesting comparison of instruments, but if the result corresponds with others obtained elsewhere, will be found a step in advance as regards efficiency.*
In selecting Mars as the subject of special inquiry, Prof. Kaiser laid a solid foundation by consulting every work within his reach, representing or describing the physical aspect of the planet, from the earliest and rudest efforts in 1636 to the elaborate delineations of the present day. No less than 412 drawings thus passed through his hands: upwards of 320 others he could not procure; and the aggregate is doubtless much in defect of the existing total. He did however well in securing so many ; more, probably, than any other areographer, if such a word may be allowed. But the result of their comparison and discussion was not as satisfactory as might be wished. The first specimens of representation were of course mere rude attempts. Those of Huygens, however, in 1659, discovered by Kaiser in his "day-book" (of which the most valuable portion was edited by him in 1847) are compararatively well drawn ; and Hook, in 1666, caught the true character of what he saw, though Kaiser doubts whether his spots could be as readily identified as has been supposed. We next find Herschel I. taking up the subject
* A curious error on the part of Prof. Kaiser may here be noticed. He has referred (p. 23) to a drawing of Mars by Browning as having been taken with a silvered mirror by Barnes. This gentleman was merely the proprietor of the speculum, which, like the others mounted by that optician, was th work of a most accomplished artist, Mr. With, of Hereford.


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Returns Guarantee
Stay warmer on cool-weather hikes with a heavyweight, sweater-knit vest that easily transitions from the trails to town. Secure-zip chest and hand pockets stash keys and smart phones.
This product will be shipped directly from North face and will leave their warehouse in 2-3 business days. Eligible for ground shipping only.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Juju Rules: Or, How To Win Ballgames From Your Couch: A Memoir Of A Fan Obsessed
Hart Seely, aka "el duque" of the blog "IT IS HIGH! IT IS FAR! IT IS…", one of the forces behind the awesome collection "O Holy Cow!: The Selected Verse of Phil Rizzuto," has written a new book: The Juju Rules: Or, How to Win Ballgames from Your Couch: A Memoir of a Fan Obsessed.
I've never met Hart. But, after reading his book, I would have to cast Larry David (Yankee fan, by the way*) to play the lead in this one – if asked to take the book and translate it to the screen. As Hart tells the story of his life as a Yankees fan with this new book, interwoven with his "manifesto that reveals the deep secrets of fan jinxes, hexes, and charms," several times I pictured the story being played out like an episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm. Seriously, it's that quirky, funny and interesting.
Flat out, Hart Seely is a dude that must Yankees fans can resonate with – albeit seeing a bit of themselves in him, or, being reminded of someone they know who is (or was) a passionate fan of the team. And, you get that from reading "The Juju Rules" – throughout the entire book. That said, I highly recommend this book to all Yankees fans.
Further, back in 2005, when I first saw the movie "Fever Pitch," I thought to myself "This is a film that a diehard fanatic of a team can appreciate as it depicts so many moments that we all share and emotions that we all have inside us – again, as fanatics of a particular team." And, the same thing applies to "The Juju Rules."
Anyone who was ever lived and died with the sundry good fortunes and tribulations of their favorite baseball team, and who has allowed their fanatic association to creep into their everyday life, will enjoy reading "The Juju Rules" – and seeing that there are others like them, out there.
Hart Seeley's wit is keen and his story-telling delivery with this work is often hilarious. I was very happy to have read The Juju Rules: Or, How to Win Ballgames from Your Couch: A Memoir of a Fan Obsessed.
*You have to read the book to get this joke.


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Hello! My name is Marcus Dubreuil. I've been programming and enjoying games since I was 10 and I currently go to the University of Pittsburgh for a double major in both Computer Science and Music Composition. Click any of the tabs at the top to see some of the stuff I have done!
Some notable projects:
many-cloud: An open source utility that creates an interface for many cloud platforms found online that, after authentication, abstracts out which cloud service you are manipulating for the sake of simplicity. The code for this is on Github and it's also an NPM module.
EFlipFolder: Short for Electronic Flip Folder. A mobile application and a website. The app is an electronic music viewer/electronic flip folder and group performance manager. You set up a musical group at eflip.me, upload music to an online cloud like Box or Google Drive, and then give other members of your group a "Connect ID". Members of your group are able to connect to your band using that ID and then view the music you upload.
RegionWars: An online game written in NodeJS and HTML5 that uses Voronoi Diagrams and Lloyds relaxation to generate polyginal maps for the players to play on. There can be 2 or more players who fight in 3 colored regions until there is a winner. Each region corresponds to an ability so the player must pay attention to what region the player is in to succeed. Original idea by Ethan Defrank
Bad Driver: Live the life of a Bad Driver! Bob and weave your way through traffic at high speeds in order to reach your destination the fastest..... please don't do this on an actual highway.
It's essentially a 2D top-down racing game where you have to click 1 of 3 lanes to continuously dodge vehicles you are trying to pass. It's very simple game made for all ages to be played at your leisure. There are currently 2 seasons of 10 levels, more may be added soon!
Java Game Tutorials: These were made while I was in my senior year of high school after many years of development using the java graphics library and during an internship I had helping out in the AP Computer Science class. The series is made for people who are at the end or have completed an AP Computer Science class in high school or something like it like an online alternative. The goal of the series is to give the viewer the tools required and the practices needed to create any game of their choosing in 2D using just CPU graphics.
Bowed: An online game written in NodeJS using the HTML5 browser graphics library. It's pretty much a crossbow war with friends where the map will move dependant on who is winning. The game gets progressively more fun the more players you add!
Many Cloud is an open source utility that creates an interface for many cloud platforms found online that, after authentication, abstracts out which cloud service you are manipulating for the sake of simplicity.
This is a mobile application and a website. The app is an electronic music viewer/electronic flip folder and group performance manager. You set up a musical group at eflip.me, upload music to an online cloud like Box or Google Drive, and then give other members of your group a "Connect ID". Members of your group are able to connect to your band using that ID and then view the music you upload.
You can also define band leaders who are able to start and end performances. Performances are the key feature of this app. Whenever a band leader selects a song in the performance manager, that song will pop up on all of the individual player's devices as long as they haven't left the performance and have some form of internet connection. It will also pre-download all of the songs so during a performance there is no heavy lifting required.
This app is currently being piloted by the University of Pittsburgh Marching Band
Packageify is a small open source project that inserts files into Java package directories and adds imports for package-ified files that were previously all in the same package (in the same folder) based on a package definition file that contains a line for every class with the class name and target package (Ex: GameFrame;com.marcusman).
Live the life of a Bad Driver! Bob and weave your way through traffic at high speeds in order to reach your destination the fastest..... please don't do this on an actual highway. Bad Driver is a game made for Android and IOS.
Here is a tutorial series for making a 2D game using just Java and only the libraries included with java. I would recommend starting with Lesson 4 to avoid the tedious setup process of getting a graphical solution out of the java graphics libraries. If you are at all interested in how these libraries work you can still watch the first 3 lessons, just known that they are of worse quality since they are recorded in an actual classroom environment.
The only prerequisites needed is a basic knowledge of java (A hobbiest or high school class level of understanding) and a working copy of java JRE and java JDK (make sure your PATH is set up correctly and both the java and javac commands work in your terminal or console.
Intro Lessons (for an understanding of the Java graphics libraries) (it's recommended to skip to the Graphics Lessons):
Lesson 1 - Setup and Graphics Buffering
Lesson 2 - Handling Threads
Lesson 3 - Render/Update and accessing pixels.
Graphics Lessons (learn how to work with an array of pixels to render and manipulate objects on the screen) --First download the final workspace from the intro series--:
Lesson 4 - Rendering Images
Lesson 5 - Rectangles! Yep...Rectangles!
Lesson 6 - Sprites and Transparency
Input and Mapping Lessons (Mouse and Keyboard Input and mapping our sprites to specific maps layed out in files.) --First download the final workspace from the Graphics series if need be (i'd recommend going through the graphics series)--:
Lesson 7 - Tiles and Maps
Lesson 8 - Player and Input
Lesson 9 - Editing/Saving Map
Utilies (Great utilities to use selectively that provide some sort of functionality or make life easier) Each utility has a different requirement but it's recommended to complete the Input and Mapping series first. --If you must, download the final Input and Mapping workspace--:
Lesson 10 - Animated Sprite
Lesson 11 - Animated Player
Lesson 12 - Graphical User Interface and Tile Palette
What you can do! (Things you can do with the engine. How you can manipulate it to your own game) Lesson requirements are random.
Lesson 13 - Making a Platformer
Lesson 14 - Map Layers (Game Resizing, Faster map rendering [for large maps], and layers)
Lesson 15 - Advanced Map Layering and Collisions
...More coming soon!
More links:
Source Code for each lesson (Last Resort)
A video tutorial on how I created this online portfolio using just HTML and CSS
RegionWars is a game made in NodeJS and a HTML5 canvas in which 2 or more players fight to win in an arena where there are 3 regions each with their own bonus ability.
- In the green region you can fire a ball (left click)
- In the purple region you can deflect balls with a barrier (toggled with left click)
- In the blue region you move much faster
The game server and client is programmed in NodeJS and the map generation client is programmed in LibGDX. This Timelapse shows the course of the whole project took. I started with testing out a new type of map generation I'd been interested in called Voronoi diagrams. For those of you interested, the map generation also used Lloyd's relaxation and for a more realistic pseudo-randomization it used Perlin noise. I also anticipated writing the entire game with LibGDX but over the course of the game's development decided the project should be moved over to NodeJS since the most dominant feature of the project is networking and Socket.io is a fantastic, fast, and easy protocol. This also allows for a more wide range of devices to play the game.
Here is just a small collection of projects I made featuring Perl 6 and the Mojolicious Web Framework.Pollite:
A strawpoll clone that allows to user to enter a poll title and 4 options. Then a custom link is created for that poll.
Example of custom link: http://pollite.marcusman.com/poll?id=KEKSKTKGLR.
An item quiz based on all of the items in one of my favorite games, Old School Runescape.
This program finds a random item and then either creates an easy question with other random items or more likely creates a more challenging question by finding other items containing similar words.
Frequently Asked Questions. Just some more information about myself or questions I get asked a lot.
Why is your accent sometimes British and sometimes American:
One of my parents is British, the other is American. I was born in England and have spent about half of my life in one country and half of my life in the other. Even when I was spending time living in one country I would often visit the other for an extended period of time. Through my early language development I took on both accents instead of a mix or picking one. I used to subconsciously pick up the accent of whoever I was speaking to. So if I was speaking to an American, I would use my american accent. If I was speaking to a Brit, I would use my british accent. Subconsciously going back and forth between these accents every day has been quite tedious. Mostly because I've had to explain my situation to so many people who have heard me in both situations. So at some point I decided that in all scenarious I would try to stick to the British accent and once I start speaking to someone in a British accent who is American, I seem to subconsciously attach that accent to them. As in, every time I see them I no longer have to think about speaking in a British accent beyond a certain point. But in certain contexts (like with most of my YouTube videos) I still speak in an American accent since that's how I spoke on there originally. I'm not 100% on the psychology or linguistics behind this but I believe it to be a case of Bidialectalism.What got you into Software and Computer Science?
Curiosity. Always trying to figure out how stuff works. Creativity stemming from childhood experiences. Most of my toys as a kid consisted of train sets or legos. Things that I could build from top to bottom or bottom to top. With instructions or without instructions. I believe those experiences have built up a craving for understanding and figuring out the ins and outs of something. Learning about existing systems to build my own. I started programming in middleschool after being moderately addicted to the video game Runescape. I liked the game so much I wanted to figure out how I could make something like it. So my interest in Computer Science stemmed from video games. At this point it has broadened also to web development and anything else that piqued my interest.What got you into Music Composition?
My family is very musical. Both of my parents were actors and musicians. Living with and around them has given me the same tastes in music and a love for it that they have. I started playing trombone in Elementary school in the US and I still play it to this day. Composition stemmed from creating trombone arrangements of popular songs for my friends and I to play. I'm currently taking it as a Double Major along with Computer Science and Pitt so I can learn more about it. In the process of creating video games, I would love to create both the music and the code.


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Catch it outside, use it inside
At home or on the move, Internet connection wherever you are.
At Home:
Mobile internet solutions (3G & 4G) are becoming increasingly popular for home and business use, either because a fixed line service is not available, very slow, or just simply because it works out cheaper!
You will need to mount an outdoor antenna on to your home, shed or out-building to get a reliable signal from your nearest phone-mast and then connect up a router inside to share the service between your internet devices, such as tablets, computers, smartphones, etc. Just pop a SIM card into the router, connect to the antenna and get surfing!
On the Move:
Mount the antenna to your vehicle! Here at Solwise we offer a wide variety of different antenna, both directional and omni-directional. Along with this we provide various mounting brackets, from suction cups to tile mounts, and we also offer a number of antenna that mount directly to the vehicle, whether it is a motorhome, yacht, barge or bus. See our wide range of outdoor mobile antenna here
Click here to see our Solution page for WiFi on your holidays
Teltonika RUT950 Router & Poynting Outdoor Antenna
Teltonika RUT950 4G Router and Poynting XPOL-A0001 outdoor antenna. A reliable 4G Broadband Internet connection for the home or office.
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Teltonika RUT950 4G Router and 2 x Poynting ANT-OMNI-291 Marine antenna. A reliable 4G Broadband Internet connection for onboard your yacht or barge.


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Any mom will tell you that having one baby, despite all of the amazing, beautiful, and even funny moments, is pretty hard! But having baby number two is a whole other story. So we wanted to share with you on what we found are the hardest parts and also the best parts of having baby number two...
You've just become a new mom and you're already learning so much about parenting. You spend most of your time with your new baby and your partner. When you're constantly on the go and busy with your child, it can be difficult to make friends with people who don't only speak "goo-goo, gaga." So how do you meet other new mommies who understand what you're going through, but can also speak happy hour?
Where did the idea of the diaper bag come from? How long did women have to suffer without a big enough bag to carry their baby needs AND the bottle of wine their bestie promised she'd sneak into the park with her? I don't know about you, but I don't think I'd survive without my afternoon snack…. I mean…. umm, my diaper bag, of course! Here are the trending diaper bags we found from the 1950s to today:
We know how exciting a new baby on the way can be, but we also know that once the baby comes you might be asking yourself "Why did I care so much about baby clothes when all she wears is diapers and onesies?" We want to give new moms the best advice from women who have 'been there, done that' so we asked a few young mothers to let us know what they wish they knew before baby…
How to pack everything you need in a day, without lugging a bulky bag around? Every parent has their own preferences. We've got some essential tips for packing your daily essentials.
In honor of Father's Day we wanted to celebrate all the amazing dads out there. Because - let's be honest - any man can be a father, but it takes a special kind of man to be a dad.
Looking for the perfect present for a new mom? Here are our picks that will surely put a smile on new mama's first Mother's Day. Simple and thoughtful, for any budget. And even some last-minute options...
Mommy and blogger of As The Stroller Turns Jackie Oliva is a fan of Hip Cub! We've teamed up with her for this awesome giveaway.
*edit: this giveway has now closed*
However, you can still read Jackie's review and watch her video review of this cute Medium Tote Diaper Bag.


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I'm going to start this off by saying, "BRRR"! Go ahead and add some more R's in there because that'll just accentuate how cold I am right now as I write this, wrapped in like five blankets and a scratchy sweater. My damn coffee won't even stay hot for very long in it's protest of these frigid temperatures. OH, how I love this weather. Yes, that's right. Even though my teeth are chattering to the point I might crack one, and my achy knees make me feel like I'm an eighty year old in need of a walker, it sure beats the hell out of sweating!
For some reason, I think I'm also more productive in cold weather, as if my brain is firing off more neurons in its' attempt to keep from freezing to death. Or maybe I just type faster because my body is trying to will itself to warm up. Either way, I'll gladly take to the cold over the hot. However, seeing as though I live in Texas, I may be in shorts tomorrow. We'll see.
Now, to say I'm more productive, doesn't always mean that I actually get as much done as I'd like to. I have good intentions, but I also have the ability to become extremely distracted. Easily. For instance, my brain will see a dish in the sink and suddenly think that now would be a good time to organize Tupperware by size, durability, and stain percentage. If I am wanting to make myself look a little less "scary mommy," I'll think I'm just going to put a little makeup on and then waste two hours trying to achieve Kim K. cheek bones through contouring. Even when I am actively at my computer I'll try to engage in a YouTube video about "branding yourself as an author," and instead get engrossed in a forty minute video about how to build a haunted house using only items you have around your home. By the way, how many average households have miter saws lying around? I don't, hence why my haunted house dreams are crushed now.
So, the point I'm trying to get at now is that this whole blog post was originally supposed to be about my writing process and organizational skills when it comes to authoring a book. Yet, I just got distracted blabbing about how easily I get distracted and now I've blogged about 400+ words of nonsensical crap.
Well, there's always next time I guess. Unless, of course, I find a video about how to write a book without actually having to type any words. Be right back… I'm going to go YouTube that.
Erika Daughtrey


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Xensr is a Wisconsin-based start-up which has developed an ultra-sensitive accelerometer GPS device which will be launched in the USA and Canada in May 2015. The tiny sensor should allow you to collect 3D positional data at a frequency and a level of accuracy – down to 10cm – which you can use as a tool to fine tune your riding. Collecting data 400 times a second, the device measures angles, speed, rotation, acceleration and yaw.
>>> Could this sensor revolutionise the way we analyse cycling?
So how could this improve your riding? By analysing the yaw angle of your bike you could see how far you pushed in a corner, or how hard someone else pushed. This would be a useful tool in analysing the dynamics of cornering. You could accurately map the exact point at which you lose traction and wash out, which would be useful in comparing different tyres too.
>>> How to improve your cornering
The sensor will also provide high resolution climbing data and could be coupled with power and heart rate data to see where your climb rate changed. Add a second sensor and you could potentially see relative position of your helmet to your bike and identify how much time is spent out of the saddle or in different positions, on the bike, by the change in their proximity and relative motion. When overlaid on video shot from an action cam, the footage could be incredibly useful.
The company founder, David Troup tells us that he has plans to incorporate the sensor into bikes. He told us that this would be useful in measuring suspension in mountain bikes, but that the unit is sensitive enough to measure flex in a carbon frame too – a potentially very useful proposition. Perhaps your carbon bike has sustained a crash and you want to know if the frame is compromised – a sensor such as this may provide the answer.
Although there's no display, Bluetooth LE allows data to be streamed to a suitable head unit or to your smartphone, while USB connectivity can be used to upload data to a computer for later analysis. The sensor unit is 4.5cm square and 1.7cm deep, can be mounted on your body or kit and weighs only 15g. With a claimed battery life of 7 hours, we look forward to getting our hands on one in the future in order to test it for ourselves.
For more information, head over to www.xensr.com


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Incident Type: 3DSecure problem with Bankserv Africa
Time period: Nov 3, 19:38 PM - Nov 3, 19:50 PM
Action Required: No action required from merchants
Dear Merchants,
Last evening Nedbank/iVeri systems were down from 19.38 PM till 19.50 PM and were not reachable at all.
Peach Payments escalated this to the Nedbank team promptly and the issue was resolved within 22 minutes.
Nedbank/iVeri are working on a root cause analysis and as soon as we understand more from them we will update you.
Please contact us on email@example.com for any questions that you may have.
Thank you
Your Peach Payments Team


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Workers Comp Services in Utah
Get More with Pay Pros Workers Comp Solutions
As part of Pay Pros services, we provide small businesses with comprehensive workers compensation insurance coverage including all claims management, safety training, risk assessment, loss control and return-to-work policies.
When considering workers compensation, it is important for companies to understand all compliance requirements, and the risks associated with non-compliance. Because of it's complexity, it is very popular for businesses to outsource their workers comp management and can either go with a PEO (Professional Employee Organization) or an HRO (Human Resource Outsourcing) company. A PEO performs all the same functions as an HRO, but with the added benefit of assuming all implementation, reporting, filing, and any other risks and legal liabilities for your company, essentially eliminating all responsibility for any related lawsuits, fines, fees or training and compliance related issues. In addition, your employees would be joining an already established group, so the need for a required large down payment to establish a policy is eliminated.
Contact Pay Pros if you'd like to receive more information about our local Utah workers compensation services.
Free Cost & Savings Evaluation
We manage all employee details and assume all risks, liabilities and legal responsibilities for your employees.
Because we are a PEO, we are able to pool your employees with other small businesses to receive these crucial benefits at a much lower rates than you could receive on your own.
You focus on growing your business, we'll focus on day-to-day details.
Payroll with Pay Pros Includes:
- Valued Savings
Receiving discounts under our master PEO workers compensation policy allows you to obtain a plan rich in dividends and savings.
- No Audits
Compensation audits that often contain unpleasant surprises in the form of additional assessments.
- Eliminate Fees
Eliminating policy creation fees, state expense fees, terrorism fees and administration fees; all of which can be very hefty sums for small businesses to come up with on their own.
- Loss Control and Safety Programs
Preventing injuries and reducing down time associated with incidents and accidents. Promotin less injuries with on-site risk assessments, implementing safety manuals / policies and facilitating safety orientations.
- Return to Work Programs
Designed to facilitate the earliest possible return of an injured worker to the workplace so they can perform meaningful, productive work within their physical capabilities.
- OSHA compliance
Assist in developing safety processes to prevent injuries to all employees and the down time associated with incidents and accidents.
"I love not having to deal with payroll. I did not get into business with a desire to deal with this part of doing business. It is great to have a company that I trust who will pay my employees, create tax forms, and handle payroll taxes at a very reasonable price. Payroll for me is as simple as sending my employee's hours in an email. It is that simple and that awesome!"
- Cody B.
"Pay pros is a top notch payroll and HR outsourcing company. I have used them for almost two years now. They have always been helpful and knowledgeable. I appreciate their expertise in the payroll and HR fields. No matter the size of your company they want to help. Thanks pay pros."
- Steve B.
"Awesome company to outsource your payroll and HR needs. I am recommending their services because of the quality of staffing and the owners are amazing people. I see Nate on a consistent base and he's always happy and has a great sense of humor. I met Terry several times and he was informative and very helpful. He answered all my questions. Overall, I'm impressed with this company. "
- Ashley W.
Find Your Nearest Pay Pros Office Location...
Pay Pros Colorado
2478 Patterson Road Ste Ste #18
Grand Junction, CO 81505
What is a PEO and how does it relate to Workers Comp in Utah?
A PEO such as Pay Pros, works through a co-employment arrangement. Essentially PEOs contractually hire your employees and lease them back to you, which means the PEO is the legal employer of record; assuming all legal, tax, compliance and other employee related liabilities including, but not limited to, Workers Comp services in Utah.


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OK, less than 100 miles on the car so far, but thinking of a second set of wheels for some DOT-R tires. Perhaps some of our overseas friends who have had the car for a couple years can help.
Current Ride Height/Projected Ride Height: Stock TT RS
Wheel Specs (Height, Width, Offset): 19x9 et52
Wheel Brand & Model: OEM titanium 'rotor' wheels
Tire Size (if appicable): 255/35/19
Question: Are there any 18x9.5 wheels that will fit without issues? I'm thinking of maybe trying a 265/35/18 tire. Maybe Yokohamas or Toyos. It seems like there are more tire choices with an 18" wheel.
Any input would be appreciated. Also, is the lug bolt pattern 5x112 on the TTRS? Anyone know the center bore? What offset would fit over the brakes without using spacers?


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Superball Revolution 3 by Atom Bomb Jr.
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This product is a digital eBook in the (PDF) format, you will need Acrobat Reader or a similar product to open and read this eBook. This eBook contains the questions and answers you will sit in your Microsoft 70-416 exam, Implementing Desktop Application Environments. Our Microsoft Exams may not be 100% accurate, we do try to keep these eBooks as up to date as possible but questions are changed quite frequently. Study for your Microsoft Exam in your own time and read your Microsoft eBooks from your PC, laptop, mobile and tablet.
Your 70-416 Implementing Desktop Application Environments will contain questions in the following areas… Design and prepare the application environment, design and implement a presentation virtualisation environment, design and implement an application virtualisation environment, deploy, manage and maintain the application environment, design business continuity for the desktop and application environment. The time limit for the 70-416 exam is 240 minutes. The passing score for the Implementing Desktop Application Environments exam is 700. This exam eBook contains 85 questions and answers for the 70-416 Implementing Desktop Application Environments.


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A group of Swiss artists are celebrating a sizeable victory over The Man today, after police agreed not to charge them for setting up their Random Darknet Shopper routine to buy illegal things on their behalf entirely at random from the dodgy corners of the darknet.
Using bitcoin to pay for the products, Random Darknet Shopper ended up purchasing ecstasy, fake Nike trainers and more illegal things on behalf of the students who put the items on display in the Kunst Halle St Gallen gallery. This eventually attracted attention of the local police, who seized the illegal exhibits lest they fall into the wrong hands.
The image above shows one of the installation artworks produced by the students and their helpful, law-breaking computer routine; a bag of yellow Twitter MDMA pills that arrived sealed in a DVD case.
Police have since destroyed the drugs but returned the rest of the purchased artworks including the fake clothing to the operators of the drug-buying bot, with the artists saying: "We as well as the Random Darknet Shopper have been cleared of all charges. This is a great day for the bot, for us and for freedom of art!" [Random Darknet Shopper via TechCrunch]


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One of the things I noticed early on in my marriage is that my wife and I have a very different natural relationship to time. By that I don't just mean she's goal oriented and I'm more process oriented, which is also true, but no, this was something else.
By way of example, by the time I woke up, my wife would have already run through a mental list of what had to be done that day, in what order, why it had to be done, the potential obstacles, possible costs involved, and so on. Psychologically, she's future-oriented.
I, on the other hand, often found I'm laughing to myself about something a friend said years ago, a kind word, a beautiful moment, embarrassed about a slight from the past, even getting into imaginary arguments and reliving tense conversations from the past. My tendency is to focus on experiences in the past in general.
Both can be an unconscious way to ward of anxiety.
Some of us try to create peace and balance by thinking of all the possible obstacles that might come our way in the future so we can eliminate them. Of course this ensures, we're never at peace, because we keep casting our mind forward into the future, even creating sources anxiety where none exist.
Some of us want to raid our closet of memories in the hope we can come back with some mythical equilibrium we used to have. This is the same thing in reverse, creating contrived problems to solve.
This is what the mystics call monkey mind. It slips forward into an imagined future, it slips backwards into a remembered past, fixating on anything but the present. It keeps us tied up in our little dramas. That way, the psychological self, the false self, the ego – it goes by different names – stays in control.
Balance, though, as the cliché goes, is always right here, right now. Technically, as the mystics also remind us, there isn't anywhere else. Anything else but right now is a mental construct.
That means there are two kinds of time. The first is the sequence of events we experience. The other is our inner story of accumulated mental-emotional stuff as we navigate, evaluate, and construct a story about that experience.
That's our inner sense of time. Not just the experience itself, but our emotional response to that experience and how we situate ourselves in relationship to it.
Staying in the present is a consistent theme across all contemplative traditions. It's central to the Zen tradition. It's the essence of non-attachment. It hearkens back to Brother Lawrence's classic The Practice of the Presence. It's central to the work of Meister Eckhart. Christ himself invites us to do so in the gospels. (Matthew 6:34) It's Ram Dass's 60's classic Be Here Now. Keeping the mind in the present is one of the greatest spiritual disciplines, and daily mindfulness or meditation practice is intended to cultivate that capacity. It allows us, as Eckhart Tolle puts it, to die to the past every moment.
Exercise, too, works like a booster shot to that spiritual immune system. For some reason, focusing first on physical discipline affects the ability to have mental discipline. It allows greater perspective and increases our ability to let go.
In fact, in the traditions, the body plays a huge role in the capacity to stay in the present in general. Beyond the daily practice and physical exercise, one method of returning to the present is body awareness. There are many different ways to do this, from a full body scan – a couple of seconds spent concentrating awareness in each section of the body, from the feet up – to focusing on the in-breath, to focusing on spinal flow. A simple and favorite one of mine is placing focus on extremities, usually the hands. If an aggravating thought comes, or I notice extended emotionally charged interior monologue, I can shift back into neutral – a place of balance – simply by paying attention to the energy in my hands.
That's it. Just notice them, a faint pulse, the energy in them. From there I've usually dropped whatever I was caught up in. And if not, I can return attention to the hands. The body is always in the present. That's an access point out of which we can experience nondual or kingdom awareness. It takes some amount of discipline, of focused attention, of practice. And I'll be the first to admit I need to grow in this area, spending a great deal of time in my own head.
But it helps to find a point of focus, return to the present, and then let the awareness grow out to the rest of the field of perception right now: a computer, low hum of the processor, half a glass of water shaking as I type, long shadow of the glass, light refracting through the water and the glass, playing in the shadow. Neither past nor future. Just what is happening right now.


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It's been all systems go in Manton Bay today.
After a quiet, and very soggy, morning the visitors flocked over to the Lyndon Visitor Centre from Birdfair this afternoon. And they were in for a real treat!
5R has been well and truly back to his master fisherman ways and has caught at least 6 fish throughout the day.
After the first two were delivered swiftly to the nest this morning, 5R went on to keep the ball rolling for the rest of the day.
John was in Shallow Water this afternoon to watch him catch three more fish within 45 minutes of each other! The first, a roach, was delivered to the nest for 2J, having been caught right in front of the hides in Manton Bay, the second was a pike plucked out of the water in Lagoon 1 again taken to the nest and this time promptly claimed by 3J. The third was also caught in the bay in full view off those visiting Waderscrape and Shallow Water hides and was a small pike. After all his hard work 5R deservedly kept hold of this one for himself!
Later on in the afternoon another small roach arrived in the nest, before a Marsh Harrier intruded in Manton Bay. After a hard days work 5R left the Manton Bay female and the juveniles to fend off the unwanted visitor!


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Okay, so I know I said I wouldn't post during the week but this was too good to wait.
I'm in looove with this ad campaign by Oliver Peoples.
I love Shirley in the pool with her dress on. Fantastic. And Elijah's eyes are beautiful.
The song. Their outfits. Even the title; Just lovely. PLUS the glasses!
I'm sold!


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The United States Base Closure and Realignment act put the Salton Sea Naval Test Station on the list to be closed in 1998 even though it had been virtually abandoned for several years prior to that. As part of the base closure it was necessary to perform a full Environmental Baseline Survey (EBS) and Site Inspection to document any health or environmental issues for cleanup. This report was a joint effort between the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, California Environmental Protection Agency, California Regional Water Quality Board, Imperial County and the U.S. Department of Energy. The photos below are from the final EBS report.
This overhead view of the test base taken in 1947 shows the main area including the boat dock, sea plane hangers, and apartments, all within less than 1 square mile. The actual land under control of the base extended several miles in all directions and included remote camera sites on the border of Salton City and in the Truckhaven hills.
This photo taken in 1950 shows the entrance road into the base from what is now Highway 86.
The next two photos show the administration building and instrument lab, located in the main-base area.
This photo, also from 1951 shows the "San Felipe Lodge", a large living facility with 54 rooms, six apartments, and dining and recreational areas. The lodge had to be abandoned in 1977 because of the rising water levels.
The motor pool service station was located in the center of the main base-area, a few hundred yards from shore.
The photo below shows the tennis courts, located in the main base area after an accidental bomb drop. Even though the bombs used at the base were "inert" and non-explosive, they were made to be the exact size, shape, and weight of real atomic bombs. In this case, the bomb that was dropped on the tennis courts from and altitude of several thousand feet weighed several thousand pounds. The intended bomb target was later moved to prevent any more such accidents.


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The Mt Washington Valley Ice Fest will be here before you know it. Make your plans now!
Wow Jamie, thanks for the update. I've been trying to carve a day out to get out there all season since I got the new guidebook and haven't had any luck yet.Did they ever confirm the whole "meteor" cause? I heard that from multiple news channels.Without having the guidebook handy to see where the Lost River Crags are the rest of the Kinsman Notch areas ok?
Several hot spots had flared up with a steady 10-15mph breeze.
I decided to update the mountain project entry for the Kinsman Notch: Lost River area to make mention of the fire, and decided to make a before and after comparison, which I thought might also be useful to post here:
Page created in 0.107 seconds with 32 queries.


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Rashida Jones at Met Gala 2012
Met Gala: Rashida Jones
Rashida Jones took the feminine route for her Met Gala getup, donning a floral gown by her friend, Tory Burch. The muted watercolor print exudes elegance, while thoughtful details, like the black ribbon belt and subtle off-shoulder straps, give her look an extra-special touch. To finish off, Rashida opted for a feathered clutch and a diamond bracelet, and pulled her hair in a low bun, exposing beautiful oversize earrings. Are you feeling it?


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I just got an iMac and have connected it to my existing network (a Workgroup not a Domain) of computers that are all running Windows (XP, Server 08 R2, Win7).
From the iMac, I can successfully PING all Windows machines by their IP Address. However, I am unable to PING the Windows computers (from the iMac) by their computer name.
What do I need to install/configure/etc in order to be able to PING by computer names instead of IP Addresses?
By the way, I have successfully setup my iMac's hosts file so that the computer names are known to the iMac. However, I don't prefer this solution since it requires that the Windows computers have a static IP Address.
In response to @Milliways -
I'm not just wanting to PING the Windows machines from the iMac. What I'm really trying to solve here is, this...
Some of the Windows machines are running a Web Server. Currently, I am able to browse those web sites from the iMac by opening up Safari/Chrome/etc and connecting to the URL of the local IP of the server - in other words, from the iMac, I can successfully connect to "http://192.168.1.10/foo/bar/etc".
I am trying to figure out how to configure my iMac so the iMac can use the machine name in the URL instead of the IP - eg: "http://SERVER-1/foo/bar/etc".
One thing I should note here is that on my iMac I have a Windows virtual machine (via Parallels). This virt can successfully connect to the Windows Web Servers that are on the network via the machine name. In other words, if I open a browser in the virtual machine, I can successfully connect to "http://SERVER-1/foo/bar/etc".
I mention this virtual machine scenario because it reveals to me that there must be a missing/unconfigured mechanism on the iMac machine that is making NetBios to not work (as opposed to something that is missing/unconfigured on the Windows machines and/or my router).


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Welcome to Year Four!
In Year Four there are two classes: 4AT and 4TC.
Miss Tomley teaches 4AT and Mr Capewell teaches 4TC
We are supported by Mrs Carman, who covers PPA for both classes.
Mrs Astbury, Mr Maloney, Miss Addis and Mrs Dyde also support in class.
The Year 4 classrooms are facing the junior playground and children enter and exit the building through Miss Tomley's new classroom door.
Children need to have a P.E. kit in school which consists of a white or blue T-shirt, shorts and school pumps, plus joggers for cooler days. However, starting on week.3, children will be using their P.E slot to go swimming at the Lifestyle Centre. A letter will be sent home the first week of September, with further details.
A pair of Wellington boots should also be brought into school for Outdoor Education which is on alternative Monday afternoons.
Children need reading books and reading records in school every day. Reading books should be brought in school book bags and will be stored in classroom trays.
Unfortunately, we don't have a large cloakroom and we cannot store rucksacks. P.E bags should be used and book bags stored in trays. Water bottles are welcomed and be stored in class, where children can access them throughout the day.
Children are expected to read daily and we encourage comments (yours and theirs) to be made in reading records. Reading really is integral to your child's learning so please do read at home.
Spellings are set for the half term and are tested weekly. Please encourage your child to practise every day. There will be a short spelling task each week for children to complete using their groups' spellings.
Our Autumn term topic is the Romans. All lessons will be based on the content/objectives outlined on the topic map below. Where possible, lessons will be linked to our topic and an exciting trip planned for the first half term!
What are we reading?
Our reading and English lessons are based on the book: Escape from Pompeii by Christina Balit.
We are practising using reading skills outlined by reading gems. We are asking lots of questions from different gem strands, using them to help us develop our understanding of the text. The document below shows each strand and examples of questions that you can ask your child about their book. When reading at home, questioning your child will help to deepen their understanding of the text and prepare them for comprehension work at school.
Year 4 letters home:


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- IDEALS Home
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Browse Dept. of Computer Science by Title
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(2018-04-25)In this thesis, I describe uAssign, an assignment system for teaching and assessing command line terminal skills. It allows an instructor to create terminal assignments where students complete a sequence of operations to ...
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(2015-04-01)Ubiquitous Interactive Displays are interfaces that extend interaction beyond traditional flat screens. This thesis presents a series of proof-of-concept systems exploring three interactive displays: the first part of this ...
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(2007-01)In this paper, we advocate for a general-purpose, fine-grain memory protection mechanism for use by applications and software development tools. The hardware component of this mechanism consists of two bits (fault-on-read ...
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(1992)A variation of Kraft's inequality is proven for a unimodal search tree. The inequality is used to prove the near optimality of an algorithm for solving the unbounded discrete unimodal search problem. New results on the ...
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(2017-04-27)With the ever-increasing urbanization process, systematically modeling people's activities in the urban space is being recognized as a crucial socioeconomic task. This task was nearly impossible years ago due to the lack ...
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(2005-04)We propose localized and decentralized protocols to construct and maintain an underlay for sensor networks. An underlay lies in between overlay operations (e.g., data indexing, multicast, etc.) and the sensor network itself. ...
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(2011-03-07)With the recent proliferation of wireless communication devices, intermittent connectivity on the edge will quickly become a reality. These disruption tolerant networks derive structure from human-based interaction and ...
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Understanding and Developing Models for Detecting and Differentiating Breakpoints during Task Execution (2006-10)The ability to detect and differentiate breakpoints during task execution is critical for enabling defer-to-breakpoint policies within interruption management. In this work, we examine the feasibility of building models ...
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(2016-07-01)The widespread use of smartphones in our everyday life gives rise to privacy concerns. Fingerprinting smartphones can jeopardize user privacy by enabling remote identification of users without users' awareness. In this ...
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(2008-05)The recent international standard IEC 61850 proposes a unified solution of the communication aspect of substation automation. However, the standard itself is not easily understood by users other than domain experts. We ...
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(2004-10)The reliability and robustness of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) play very important roles in achieving highly stable and prompt Internet data communication. The present BGP uses TCP/IP to exchange routing control ...
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(2004-09)To contribute to systems that reason about human attention, our work empirically demonstrates how a user's mental workload changes during task execution. We conducted a study where users performed interactive, hierarchical ...
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(2015-01-26)Genomic researchers commonly study complex phenotypes by identifying experimentally derived sets of functionally related genes with similar transcriptional profiles. These gene sets are then frequently subjected to statistical ...
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(2004-10)While informal tools can benefit early design, their use requires that a designer give up the richer affordances of physical tools such as paper. To better understand the importance of physical tools for early design, we ...
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(2008-09)This paper presents results from our measurement and modeling efforts on the large-scale peer- to-peer (p2p) overlay graphs spanned by the PPLive system, the most popular and largest p2p IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) ...
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(2008-09)This paper presents results from our measurement and modeling efforts on the large-scale peer- to-peer (p2p) overlay graphs spanned by the PPLive system, the most popular and largest p2p IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) ...
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(2005-08)In this PhD thesis, we study the fundamental limits of the network performance with respect to coverage, connectivity, lifetime, power, energy, and capacity in wireless sensor networks. An interesting finding is that ...
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(2005)Finally, we study the minimum energy required for transporting packets between two arbitrarily chosen source and destination in a random wireless network. We prove both an upper bound and a lower bound of the minimum ...
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(2014-05-30)The task of recovering 3D information from 2D images has long been a focus of Computer Vision research. Such information is useful in many applications: from robot navigation, where it allows the robot to understand the ...
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(2009)Nowadays, over 90% new information produced are stored on hard disk drives. The explosion of data is making storage system a strategic investment priority in the enterprise world. The revenue created by storage system ...
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Here are a few images from a recent engagement shoot - with some gorgeous sunshine, a lot of daffodils and a really lovely couple. I hope that you like them!
You might also be interested in:
Wedding photography: it's all about the emotions
Some of my favourite wedding photos from last year
Branscombe, Devon: Emma and Peter's lovely village wedding
This is one of my absolute favourite weddings and I've been really looking forward to sharing it. It has already appeared on the fabulous Boho Weddings blog - click here to see the entry.
Amazingly, it was at the beginning of January, but the weather was almost spring-like - a mild and bright day, which just enhanced the relaxed feel of the whole day. With a 3pm ceremony, there was no rush with any of the preparations, and plenty of time for getting ready. Emma had wired up the most incredible set of multi-coloured paper lanterns, strung up to decorate the local village hall. Added to this was a fantastic array of lovely vintage tea-cups and plates, and beautiful little posies on all the tables. The flowers were just stunning, with winter berries nestled amongst white roses and lilies. And Emma's dress was absolutely sublime: a floaty, ethereal silk creation from the wonderful Charlotte Casadejus, which was utterly perfect in the setting.
The ceremony was at St Winifred's Church at Branscombe, and then the whole wedding party just strolled down the lane to the village hall to celebrate. It's one of my favourite parts of the day, with the odd cat thrown in along the way. Everyone then enjoyed plenty of prosecco and cake, and a brilliant party! It was a complete pleasure to photograph Emma and Peter, who were totally wrapped up in each other and obviously besotted; the venues were just wonderful, from the old Norman church to the lovely lanterns in the village hall; the guests had a fantastic time; everything was beautiful... basically I just love everything about this wedding!
You might also be interested in:
Adele and Jamie's winter wedding in Dartmouth
Wedding photography: it's all about the emotions...
Katy and Pablo's Somerset engagement photography
Send an enquiry to Helen Lisk Photography
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5 Best CBD Capsules | CBD Pills For Sale (Updated 2019)
If you were given the choice to vape CBD or swallow a pill to get the same result, what would you choose?
People who like to vape or enthusiastically call themselves "vapers" will undoubtedly choose the former.
Others would probably choose capsules as they are easier to ingest and generally less hassle. Why you should try out the best CBD capsules will be the topic of our discussion today.
Who are these "others" that I'm talking about here?
I'm referring to people who travel often and do not have time to vape, people who dislike vaping, who are allergic to smoke, and those who would rather take the easier path and stick to capsules. Me? I'm an out and out vape guy, but I will admit that capsules have their share of advantages.
Why use CBD capsules?
I would say that the capsules' main strength lies in its bioabsorption capability that produces quick results. While results from vaping come fastest, capsules come the close second. They don't scream for any attention as well. After all, you can't just go around blowing vape smoke in public. Just swallow a pill and you're done!
My Top Picks for Best CBD Capsules/Pills
#1 The CBDistillery Capsules
These are by far the most economical CBD capsules I have used and with surprisingly good results. This company is also comparatively new to the industry, which is perhaps the reason the products are still priced on the lower end. But it isn't the price that attracted me to CBDistillery (okay, perhaps a little bit), it's the results.
Product features
- Like the two other products I reviewed above, this company also manufactures capsules using pure CBD oil
- The hemp plants are grown in pesticide/insecticide free farms, using organic methods
- The CO2 process is employed for extraction, which ensures the primary cannabinoid nutrients are preserved in the extract
- Contains other useful ingredients such as MCT Coconut oil, Lecithin Sunflower Oil, etc
How to consume?
The company doesn't recommend any dosage officially, but I would advise you to begin with one capsule each day. Consume the pills normally using water or any other drink that you like.
My experience with the product
To be honest, I wasn't expecting much when I bought CBDistillery Capsules. This is partly because of the bias that comes with buying low-priced items. So, when the effects started making themselves apparent, I couldn't help but be surprised. "Why the hell didn't I try this before?" I said to myself.
Now you're probably thinking why should you try any other CBD capsule when this one is lower-priced? Well, to be honest, every product has its own set of pros and cons that you only find out after using. This worked great for me; it might not be the same for everyone else.
I will recommend you the read the full CBDistillery review before buying
Would I recommend?
Of course! It would be silly to pass up on something as good as this. I would totally recommend you to buy this product and see how it gets to work on your body. After all, the effects of CBD are largely variable. Maybe these capsules are all you need to keep your anxiety and joint pain in check.
==> Buy The CBDistillery Capsules
#2 CBDPure Soft gels
CBDPure has been recently voted the best tincture online but, their new capsules also pack quite a punch! CBDPure offers you industrial hemp grown in Danish farms, with specialized third-party testing to get you that much-needed assurance of purity.
So, how do their capsules work against the others in this review? Let's do a look-see
Product Features
- 100% organically grown hemp from Danish farms!
- They offer 25 mg of CBD with every capsule
- CO2 extraction to ensure you only get the purest of cannabinoids
- Completely non-psychoactive
My Experience with the product
CBDPure has been making the rounds of CBD forums for offering cheap products with the best potencies. Their capsules work the same way. These were quite effective for my back pain after regular use for a week, and they worked pretty well with anxiety.
Unlike the other capsules though, this one takes much longer to kick in for me. I'd recommend you guys to try it since the end kick is good. And as I said, CBD works differently for different people, but I'd also keep my eyes open for other options.
I have also reviewed all the products of CBDPure in the CBDpure Review article
Would I recommend?
Yep, totally! While they might not be THE BEST capsules in the market, they can be a worthy addition to your CBD cabinet (okay, I made the cabinet part up). Also, with regular use, these capsules keep on getting better, so you always have something to look forward to.
Buy at CBDpure.com
#3 CBD Essence Capsules
You're going to have to pardon me if I come off as preachy because I cannot stop 'Fan-boying' over this product, or rather all of their products. But since we're talking about capsules today, I'm going to tell you how these helped me. But first, let's take a glance at the main features.
Product features
- These hemp oil capsules are made only using industrial hemp plants that have significantly higher CBD content
- All the hemp is grown organically, following sustainable agricultural methods in various farms around the USA
- The company, like most other popular ones, uses CO2 extraction method to get the purist quality CBD
- Contains full spectrum cannabinoids, essential oils, phytonutrients, and essential cannabinoids to give you the next best thing to nature
How to consume?
Pop it like any other pill, and you're all good to go. You can also use your favorite drink in place of water. I would recommend that you start with one pill a day and take two if the need arises.
My experience with the product
I cannot associate any miraculous event that led to me trying out capsules, sorry if you were expecting such an angle. For first-time readers of my blog, keep in mind that I would prefer vaping over taking capsules any day because I enjoy it. However, as far as the effects of these capsules are concerned, I'll say they're nothing less than impressive.
It took me a while to get used to stating my CBD cravings by not using tinctures or vape, but capsules were the only viable option when I was traveling. In the end, the pills managed to keep my anxious thoughts and back pain at bay, and it's all that matters.
Check out the CBD essence review here
Will I recommend?
Oh absolutely! I can't tell you how many times capsules saved my life while I was traveling. In fact, I make it a point to carry CBD Essence pills whenever I am traveling around the United States. How the capsules work on your body might not be similar to mine, but I assure you that you will get the same benefits.
#4 Ananda Hemp Capsules
Ananda Hemp is another brand that managed to earn my respect. And I'm not the kind of guy who is easily impressed! Sometimes I willingly look the other way just to find faults that I could include in my critical reviews. However, this company gave me no such chance. Yes, Ananda Hemp Capsules are that good! Let me tell you why.
Product features
- Contains full spectrum cannabinoids, extracted using the CO2 method from the finest hemp grown in the USA
- Each product by the company is put through the same rigorous standard to ensure no sample is of inferior quality
- The hemp oil products are certified by the Kentucky Department of Agriculture, and the company boasts about itself for being one of the largest producers of domestic hemp
- You get the best active cannabinoids in easy to consume soft gels
How to consume?
You get 15 MG active cannabinoids in every soft gel, so I'd recommend you take one capsule each day (two at maximum) with water.
My experience with the product
Ananda Hemp flaunts many accolades, but nothing speaks better than the experience of customers. I went in with a lot of expectations, and thankfully the capsules did not disappoint. Would have been a bummer if the capsule failed because I put myself out of dosage purposely to try these completely fresh.
I took these pills at a time when the joint pain was keeping me up almost every other night, and my feelings of anxiety kept my mental health on edge. So as you can understand, getting relief after using these capsules felt like being ascended to heaven. Now, I can't promise that you'll get the same benefits, but the chances are damn high!
Read the full Ananda hemp review here
Would I recommend?
You betcha! Ananda Hemp not only talks the talk but walks the walk. And I say this as a person who has extensively used all of their products. Again, I do not promise you the same results; just saying that you should try these capsules at least once. Be warned though; the products are frequently out of stock due to demand.
==> Buy Ananda Hemp CBD Capsules
#5 Green Roads World CBD Capsules
Okay, this is one brand that perhaps the largest offering of CBD products on the web. You might even end up buying something you didn't intend to upon visiting their website. Feel free to check out, but not without reading this review on the capsules. The initial impression based on the lack of info on products did make me a skeptic of the company's authenticity.
Being curious as I always was, I decided to make the purchase anyway. And it didn't take longer than a month for me to realize that I had made the right decision.
Product features
- Green Roads World uses European certified organic hemp that has a reputation for producing the best quality CBD oils
- The plants are grown in the perfect climatic conditions, and only in organic farms
- The company assures you 99 % pure hemp and all its benefits in capsule form
- The CBD is extracted using the CO2 method that preserves all the nutrients, making the capsules what they are
- Lab tested to ensure you get nothing but full value for your money
How to consume?
Just like any other capsule. I would recommend that you take no more than two per day if you're just starting out. Consult a doctor if you need more advice on dosages.
My experience with the product
The only reason I'll rate Green Roads World below CBD Essence is that I found this product to be slower to act. For a person who is having an extreme bout of anxiety or back pain, even a minute can feel like a lifetime. Though I admit, it was my fault for letting the symptoms to kick in before taking the pills.
I can only speak for myself, so you shouldn't take my experience as the whole truth. You have to try these capsules out for yourself to know more. After all, CBD is a substance that shows varying results in different people.
Read the full Green Roads review here
Would I recommend?
Yes! The long-term effects of Green Roads World CBD Capsules are as good as CBD Essence if not better. Even though the price is slightly higher, there are certainly worth a shot!
==> Buy Green Roads world Capsules
Where to buy CBD oil capsules?
All the links you need to purchase the capsules of your choice are right under the product review. All you have to do is click on them and buy. In addition to being an excellent alternative for tinctures, CBD capsules are hassle-free to consume, have a neutral taste, doesn't smell, and often provide better results than many other methods of intake. The choice is yours!


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This string of 20 LED book page flower lights is handmade using upcycled book page flowers with warm white battery operated LED lights at their heart, giving a warm glow as opposed to the usual harsh light from LEDs. Being battery operated, they can be placed almost anywhere in your home.
Requires 3 x AA size batteries (not supplied)
For indoor use only
This order will be filled by B-Spoke Designs


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Kitesurfers try to reach the 100 kph mark in Luderitz
The last week has seen plenty of news on the speed sailing front, with ultra-yacht l'Hydroptère managing to crack the 50-knot peak speed with a peak of 52.86 knots.
The yacht is still some way off from maintaining the 50 knot average speed over a full 500m that is required for a record, but it is getting faster every day.
Interest in the sport is growing, with massive media coverage of the record-breaking runs in Luderitz, both in sailing press and the mainstream media, from prime time television to national daily newspapers (TF1, CNN, l'Equipe).
Support from the other disciplines of speed sailing to the contenders at the event in Luderitz has been solid, with messages of support from Christophe Simian, the manager of the Canal Des Saintes Maries de la Mer in France, where so many speed sailing records have been set by windsurfers, and congratulations messages to new world record holder Alexander Caizergues from Alain Thébault, captain of l'Hydroptère.
The sport of speed sailing is growing in several directions – course sailing, long a popular pastime in the windsurfing world, is becoming very popular for kitesurfers in the US and Europe, already with two hundred or more people competing in events, and growing fast.
GPS speed sailing (where sailors carry GPS receivers to determine their speeds over a run) is also growing rapidly as equipment becomes more affordable, making the sport accessible to more people in both windsurfing and kitesurfing.
And then, at the pinnacle of sporting performance and equipment technology, true speed sailing under WSSRC rules has captured the imagination of sailors and sports lovers, who can admire the fearless adventure of trying to go faster than anyone else in the world.
The 50-knot barrier – the "four minute mile" of the speed sailing world – has been breached, and now the challenge is on to be the first human to sail at 100kph, and faster. l'Hydroptère achieved a peak speed of 52.6 knots on Sunday 5th October, and the kitesurf speed sailors have reached significantly more.
GPS records of the recent record-beating runs show Rob Douglas reaching 54.3 knots, Alexandre Caizergues 55 knots, and Sebastien Cattelan hitting an astonishing 58.3 knots peak speed.
In an age where climate change, environmental degradation and the harnessing of renewable energy resources has become so important, speed sailing has become a showcase of how humans can still strive for excellence, in a way that does not pollute or waste.


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Due to a lack of projects there won't be a Charity Event 2019. See you in 2020.Aufgrund mangelnder Projekte gibt es kein Charity Event 2019. Wir sehen uns 2020 wieder.Par manque de projet il n'y aura pas de Charity Event 2019. On se reverra en 2020.
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Member AF peluche post at Monday Evening 18.January 2010 in the Forum from Alliance Francophone, his Idea to change the Flag from Haiti, for Sympathy and Solidarity with Haiti about the big Earthquake.
Good Evening and Hello Team,maybe somebody from us, can write in Spanish or Italian and can give some Links from Helping Organisations from this Countrys ??Thank you very much before.SEARCHER
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