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Volunteer for ACT
Bluefield Stream Turtle Habitat Restoration
This was our first acquisition and when we purchased it this white sandy peninsula jutted out in to the middle of a rich vernal pool. Over the years it has gotten overgrown with successional pine growth. We would like to remove it to allow the turtles to continue using for a nest site. We would also like to erect a kiosk near the site that would contain natural history information about rich riparian zone that it falls within. If you are interested in helping us please contact us.

subset: commoncrawl


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I see it's been about a month since this was asked and topic
closed. However, curiosity about others on this board is getting to me. In a few words (one word)? What is another hobby you do? I am a rubber stamper.
However, full disclosure I am more of a rubber stamp collector.
What about you?


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1. Potassium Chloride (KCL)
Potassium chloride is a High Purity, dry Crystalline inorganic/metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine, KCL. It occurs naturally as the mineral slyvite. Potassium chloride is often referred to as muriate of potash, particularly when used as a fertilizer.
- Primarily used as a shale inhibitor as the potassium ion exchanges with calcium and sodium ions in the interlayer space in illites and smectites, converting them to more stable mica-type structures that do not hydrate and swell
- Used to prepare brines for drill-in, completion, and workover fluids
- Widely used in the industry
- Largely benign salt; solutions are neutral pH
- Does not significantly impair performance of polymers such as viscosifiers and filtration controllers
Potassium chloride is used at concentrations of 10 to 37 lb/bbl (28.5 to 105.6 kg/m3) for shale-inhibition purposes. Actual level is based on shale testing and knowledge of the formation. Therefore, some operators use as much as 80.5 lb/bbl (230 kg/m3) as determined by wellbore stability modeling.
For application in dense brines, refer to brine tables.
Consult the MSDS, safety posters, and/or product label before use, and use personal protective equipment as advised.
|25 kg HDPE/PAPER BAG
|50 kg HDPE BAG
|1000 Kg JUMBO/BIG BAG
|50 lb (22.7Kg)3
|100 Ib (45.4 Kg)
* Generally, it is supplied in 1 MT bulk bags.
Appearance White free flowing crystalline powder, Density 1.98 SG, Bulk Density 71 to 78 Ib/ft3, Aqueous Solubility Up to 24%, 278.9 gL of solution at 68oF (20oC), Purity 98.83%-99%
It is a drilling grade Bentonite which is naturally occuring clay .It is a High Yield Natural Sodium montomorillonite. It meets API 13A Standards.
It is Viscosifier and Filtration control agent for water based Mud Systems. It is used in drilling muds for controlling borehole stability.It is utilized in drilling muds to extract drill cuttings from the bit.
- It helps improve hole cleaning capacities of drilling fluids.
- It is effective as a filtering agent.
- It promotes borehole stability.
- It can be added directly to fresh water or fresh water based drilling fluids.
The material is packaged in 50KG HDPE Bag/1000Kg Jumbo Bag with inner Liner 0r 50lbs sacks. If any customized packaging is required the same is also available
Safety And Handling
Material must be handled as a Industrial chemical, wearing protective equipment and observing the precautions as mentioned in the MSDS.
Information provided in the data sheet is for information only. We make no guarantees for the data contained with respect to the accuracy or use of this data. This data may not be reproduced without Prior permission from Vigyan Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. The data provided is subject to change without Notification
Physical State Free Flowing Powder, Viscometer Dial reading at 600 r/min Min 30, Yeild Point/Plastic Viscosity Ratio Max 3, Filtrate Volume Max 15.0 Cm3, Residue of diameter greater than 75um Max mass friction 4,0%, Moisture 10% wt percent max
It is a high quality drilling grade Barite (Barium Sulphate) used to increase the density of drilling fluids. It is the most widely used drilling weight material due to its high specific gravity.It meets API 13A requirements.
It is used to increase the density of any mud system while maintaining rheological properties
- It does not react with other drilling Fluids or hamper their functioning
- It is chemically inert and insoluble
The material is packed in 1MT-1.50 MT Jumbo bags. If the customer requires any other packaging the same is also available
Appearance Free Flowing Powder, Specific Gravity 4.2 g /cm3 Min, Water soluble earth alkaline metals as Calcium 90 - 1000F, Character Non - Ionic, Residue on us sieve no.200 (Wet screen Analysis%) 6-8, Residue on us sieve no.325 (Wet screen Analysis%) 6-8
4. Coarse/Medium/Fine � Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate is used as a Bridging and a weighing agent used in drilling. It is used to increase mud density and is preferred to Barite as it is acid Soluble. It is grinded in three sizes Coarse, Medium and Fine
It is essentially a Bridging and a weighing agent for controlling Fluid loss and Density. It can be used in both oil based and water based Fluid Systems. Calcium Carbonate'F' is used essentially as a weighing agent where as Calcium Carbonate'C' and Calcium Carbonate'M' are used for bridging and seepage control
- Acid Soluble and helps in clean up
- Effective bridging agent, Inert and relatively insoluble
- Excellent Weighing agent
- Available in 3 grades : Coarse ,Medium and Fine so the most suitable size can be used to Suit exact application
Particle Size Analysis
|Calcium Carbonate Grade
|Micron Rating
|Extra Fine
|D50 =2-5 Micron
|D50 =10-14 Micron
|D50 = 135-165 Micron
|D50= 550-650 Micron
Material is packed in 50 KG HDPE bags/1.0 Mt Jumbo Bags Private Labeling and customized packaging is also available on request
Safety And Handling
Material must be handled as a Industrial chemical, wearing protective equipment and observing the precautions as mentioned in the MSDS
Information provided in the data sheet is for information only. We make no guarantees for the data contained with respect to the accuracy or use of this data. This data may not be reproduced without Prior permission from Vigyan Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. The data provided is subject to change without Notification
Guar Gum is a unique substance derived from GUAR plant with numerous usages. The industrial grade Guar gum powder works as an excellent additive for drilling fluids and mud on account of the unique characteristics it possesses.
It is used to increase the density of any mud system while maintaining rheological properties
- Used in the fracturing of oil wells, stimulation of oil wells, for mud drilling.
- Used as a stabilizing, thickening and suspending agent for drilling fluids.
- Used as a viscosity enhancer for maintaining the viscosity levels of the drilling fluids
- Helps in reducing friction in the holes, minimizing the requirement of power
- Helps in minimizing water loss
- Enables the drilling fluids to move waste from the deepest of holes.
Available in 25 kgs net multi-wall paper bags with a polythene barrier.


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50Hz frame rate looks good! Makes it look "live". Noticed it before I clicked on the settings button to see if it was so.
Love the videos, guys.
Type: Posts; User: Circlotron; Keyword(s):
50Hz frame rate looks good! Makes it look "live". Noticed it before I clicked on the settings button to see if it was so.
Love the videos, guys.
When will the buying public ever realise, it is the size of the loaf of bread that matters, not how many slices it is cut into.
I would kill for a 2 litre fully counterweighted V8.
"He said: 'The advantage of this motorcycle, which works with the hydrogen that comes from the water, is that the result that comes out of the exhaust is water vapour.
'This is different from...
Deleted post.
Reminds me of a line in a song from my youth...
" Oh yeah, it was electric, so frantically hectic"
Video run of EKanooRacing's Super Street GT86-2JZ new personal best & new Middle East ( super street ET record ) 6.82@315 KM/H (195 mile ) lifting of at 1000ft Mark ,
Car doesn't sound like it is...
Probably comes with non-replaceable battery as per ipad Air.
The disposable society hits a new low.
So why would the original setup have had so much scope for improvement? People that design cars are [generally] not dumb, so it must have been a concious design choice. Is there any great increase in...
"A car should have no more cylinders than a cow has teats".
- Henry Ford.
Good to see that Australian made ICE Ignition stuff is used by at least three teams.
They've been on the winning engine for 5 of the last 7 years, and this year on BES's currently leading engine.
Perils of driving a Chinese car in Chinese traffic.
Maintaining the gastight sliding seal between the cylinder block and head would have been a challenge.
Ask any car guy ... What would make a good tuner car? Miata. What would be a good race car? Miata. It seems the answer is always Miata.
- / Waits for Rice to verify this ^^
LS1 into a Toyota Prius
Typing away then go to post and it tells you it is a duplicate of something you already posted, or something like that.
I think it happens if it autosaves while you are typing perhaps.
What's this "Overdriven Balancer" thing in the list of features at the bottom of the pic in the second post?
9:30 this morning (Wednesday) he was still going, according to BBC radio news.
It'd be great if someone made reproductions of these.
I'd have one in my loungeroom and rev it up for guests.
Maybe even use it for an alarm clock.
Reminds me about 15 years ago the husband of a friend of my missus, he worked in Dandening TOG and told us this story. In Narre Warren there was a hard rubbish collection going full swing. Lady stops...
Double post again for some reason.
Dude, we weren't being sarcastic :)
Yeah, sorry. That was a bit harsh. Actually tongue-in-cheek would have been a better description of what I ~thought~ you were saying. Easy to misunderstand people...
Today's featured video - "Vince Raschilla's Super Street Automotive Ford Mustang is one great sounding V8." So there you go; there's more to it than just seeing.
I get your sarcasm but I want to see them ~and~ hear them. That's why fullboost vids are great.
Maybe I should add something to my computer to pump out the smell of burnt rubber and methanol exhaust...
I got six minutes into the first video and turned it off.
Why on earth do people make fast car videos and then plaster some music all over the soundtrack?
Maybe they should also put an image of a...
Nitrous oxide makes your engine run backwards, at 0:39 and 1:39.


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Cobourg Internet is operated by the business Cobourg Internet - more here. Contact information here.
The scope of the site is:
- Information about Cobourg as a place to live
- Information on the Municipality of Cobourg
- Cobourg Entertainment Events - a comprehensive calendar of all local events
- Information on the Cobourg Internet Web site Business
- The geographic limit is East to Grafton, north to Baltimore and west to Theatre Road.
Note that Cobourg News is now at a separate site. The Archive for news from 2013 to 2017 remains.
More on the scope of Cobourg Internet here.
Site Features
Print a page
At the top right of each article is a settings icon and arrow. Click the arrow to access icons for creating a print friendly copy or to email a friend with a link to the page.
Search this site
Use the search box in the left column on each page to search this site (only) to find a page with any key word or phrase. Search does not include pdfs but does include events.
Many images can be enlarged by clicking them. If there is more than one enlarged image on a page, you can scroll through the enlarged versions.
Most videos are hosted on Vimeo. You can go to the Vimeo page directly here. Or go to the index of photos and videos.
Cobourg Information
As well as general information on why Cobourg is a great place to live, there is also information on Transit, Parking, Council, Medical services and more. (Go here). The section on Entertainment is one of the most popular pages on the site - it is updated regularly and is a guide to what's on.
About the Entertainment Calendar
Events on the Calendar are collected from various online calendars available for the area. Since the focus is on Entertainment in Cobourg, the following rules apply:
- The event must be in Cobourg or close by (see geographic limit above). However, included are events for Port Hope events at the Capitol Theatre. This is because many Cobourg Residents travel to nearby Port Hope for Entertainment. Other Port Hope events are not included - sorry.
- Club Events are excluded - no listings of club meetings etc. For info on clubs, go here
- Major one time Sporting events are included but not ongoing sporting events such as Cougar scheduled games.
- Only major sporting events that allow and encourage spectators are included.
- Events for a purely commercial purpose are not included - e.g. seminars promoting a product. Occasional bar entertainment is sometimes included - there is some ongoing bar entertainment listed on this page.
- Fund-Raising events are included providing they can be classified as Entertainment.
- Some Educational Events such as seminars may be included even though strictly they may not be entertaining! Venture 13 educational seminars are not included. They are listed here.
- Only special movies are listed - see the Loft site and Rainbow page for information on their regular programs.
Cobourg News
The news section is on a separate URL - CobourgNewsBlog.com (or CobourgNewsBlog.ca).
The following domains are used on this site:
- Cobourginternet.com
- Cobourginternet.ca
- The site is hosted on NetCobourg.com - there is a site on this domain but it's hardly worth visiting - www.NetCobourg.com. For details on Server used, go here.
- The site is fully encrypted as shown by the https prefix and the padlock icon in the URL box.
- Joomla was used to build the site. Joomla with the template used is fully responsive which means it is fully compatible with tablets and phones. Generally, the site is updated to the latest version within days of it being released.
- The site is optimized for use with Chrome which is the most popular browser. Firefox and Edge also work well.


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(844) 617-6410
Returning Candidate?
Home : Jobs : Career Opportunity in US-IL-MCCOOK :
Operations Manager (Outbound): Chicago, IL
USF Holland, Inc., a recognized leader in the transportation industry, is in search for an Outbound Operations Manager for our Chicago, IL terminal located in McCook, IL.
This is an afternoon shift with a typical start time of 4:00pm to 2:00 am.
Responsibilities include the management of supervisors including the supervision of drivers, dock workers and clerical staff related to the loading, unloading and movement of freight, including all pertinent clerical functions. As well as working in direct conjunction with the terminal manager for enforcement of all company rules and regulations relating to safety, hazardous materials, government regulations and collective bargaining agreements.
Successful candidates will possess
- Bachelor's degree or the equivalent combination of education and work experience
- Experience in the transportation industry
- Effective verbal, written and interpersonal communication skills on a management level
Preferred Qualifications:
- Demonstrated organizational abilities
- Bachelor's degree in Transportation or Business
- Five to seven years experience in front-line supervision
- Knowledge of applicable collective bargaining and work rule agreements
- Effective training capabilities
- Exposure to all operations departments including Linehaul, City Dispatch and Sales
- Knowledge of equipment and facility maintenance procedures
Holland, a part of YRC Worldwide, is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer Minorities/Females/Persons with Disabilities/Protected Veterans
With nearly 90 years' experience, Holland knows how to take care of our customers while providing a solid work environment for our employees. Discipline to its core values of Hard Work, Integrity, Respect, Excellence and Safety has allowed Holland to grow into a company with over 8,000 employees and more than $1 Billion in annual revenue, while being honored as a Quest for Quality award winner for 30 consecutive years! With a track record of long term employees, Holland offers more than a job, we offer the opportunity for a career. Come discover your direction with Holland and join the recognized leader of next-day delivery in the less-than-truckload industry!


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The D-backs seemed to have made a major blunder by giving up on Quentin "too soon" in a trade to the Chicago White Sox two years ago. Last year, Quentin went on a tear and became one of the feared power hitters in the American League until an untimely (and stupid) injury sidelined him for the remainder of the season.
This year, Quentin has already missed time for planter fasciitis in his left foot, and Monday night he felt something pop in that same left foot as he headed for second base in the first inning of the Angels-White Sox game. Quentin looks to be headed for the disabled list and will probably miss 15-30 days because of it.
Two injuries in two years that have resulted in trips to the DL for Quentin. Add that Quentin has a penchant for getting hit by pitches in both leagues (NL and AL), and you have a very real possibility of a career that may be cut short by injuries.
Did the D-backs make the right move in trading Quentin before the 2008 season? Based on the 2008 season, the answer is no – they should have kept him. Based on the way this season is playing out, the answer is still no – they should have kept him. In both 2008 and this year, the D-backs do not have a feared slugger that would keep pitchers honest. Quentin would have been that slugger.
Do I think, long-term, that the D-backs made the right decision? Yes, because I believe that Quentin's career will probably be over in another 4-5 years due to freak injuries.


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Security Slice: Ground Control to Major Pwn
According to a whitepaper by penetration testing firm IOActive, satellites can be hijacked by attackers using booby-trapped SMS text messages and other techniques. The vulnerabilities found could allow adversaries to completely disrupt mission-critical communication networks.
How can satellite vendors fix these vulnerabilities?
Listen to episode 140 of our Security Slice podcast and hear Lamar Bailey, Craig Young, Tyler Reguly, Ken Westin and Dwayne Melancon discuss the impact of critical vulnerabilities in embedded firmware, how to change the cost/risk equation of critical infrastructure security, and who should be legally responsible for responding to vulnerability disclosures.
Click Here to Listen to the Podcast
More Podcasts:
- Security Slice: The Heartbleed Headache Continues
- Security Slice: Encryption Equality Issues
- Security Slice: Snake Oil in the App Store
- Security Slice: Heartbleed Heartbreak
The Executive's Guide to the Top 20 Critical Security Controls
Tripwire has compiled an e-book, titled The Executive's Guide to the Top 20 Critical Security Controls: Key Takeaways and Improvement Opportunities, which is available for download [registration form required].
Title image courtesy of ShutterStock


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I am thinking of taking this blog in a new direction. Are you wondering why I am switching gears? That answer is simple- it's time for a change.
One change you will see will be the addition of product reviews. For quite some time, I have been interested in writing more about products and services that my family has tried and letting you, my readers, know our honest-to-goodness take on them. With each review, I'll give you the good with the not-so-good feedback here on this blog. Reading product reviews is a great way for you to make better decisions on how to spend your money.
Let's face it, our economy is changing. The way we spend money is also changing. In today's world we have to be picky about which products we will spend our cash on because we can't really afford to throw away money on products that don't stand up to their advertising promises. (At least, I know I can't afford it!) Therefore, it seems fitting for me to use this blog space to help you make up your mind on how to spend your hard-earned cash.
Reviews aren't gong to be the only new addition to this blog. Another change you'll find is the posting of recipes(Okay, if you know me well, don't laugh about that.), money-saving tips, cool finds (if I don't personally review a certain product or service, but I think it would be a cool one to look into, I will let you know about it here.), and maybe- just maybe- I will even be able to swing some giveaways.
I'm looking forward to this new direction. I hope you'll stop by often.
Stay tuned. :) I am off to create my new banner.


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|Project by JimRochester
|posted 11-14-2015 07:43 PM
|1385 views
|1 time favorited
|3 comments
This craft show tends to favor some of the less expensive, less sophisticated type stuff. Occasionally I'll sell a real deluxe piece but most of the crowd is looking for the lower priced but unique Christmas/Holiday present. I stayed away from the real tough boards this year like the 3D or sinister boards. These brick wall boards were as complicated as I was willing to go. I made some in cherry with walnut, maple with cherry, maple with walnut and walnut with maple. Half with rounded corners, the other half I left square.
-- Schooled in the advanced art of sawdust and woodchip manufacturing.
3 comments so far
#1 posted 11-14-2015 08:22 PM
Nice to se brick pattern in various wood combination, since this is my favourite cutting board pattern.
-- Ivan, Croatia, Wooddicted
#2 posted 11-14-2015 09:04 PM
These look great Jim! I can't wait to see how they sell next week!
#3 posted 11-15-2015 02:25 AM
So they aren't cutting boards? They are wall art?
-- "They don't want it perfect - they want it SPECIAL"
Have your say...
You must be signed in to post the comments.


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|Rediff India Abroad Home | All the sections
Discuss | Email | Print | Get latest news on your desktop
Farooq Abdullah to succeed Omar as NC chief
Mukhtar Ahmad In Srinagar | January 11, 2009 21:13 IST
Former Jammu and Kashmir [Images] Chief Minister Dr Farooq Abdullah [Images] is taking over as the president of the ruling National Conference this week.
Dr Abdullah, who won the state assembly polls from two constituencies, will replace his son and J&K Chief Minister Omar Abdullah [Images] as the party's president.
National Conference, which emerged as a single largest party in the state assembly elections, is ruling the state in coalition with the Congress.
Dr Abdullah has said that as party president he will "strive hard to re-energise the party at the grass root level, make decision making a broad based exercise and restore the mass base that the party enjoyed."
The recent elections have reflected massive erosions in the NC's mass base. The premier factor for it has been the emergence of the PDP, which has dislodged the NC in the Valley, bagging as many as 19 seats.
Email | Print | Get latest news on your desktop


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- Description
- The Polar Star is beautifully recreated on this masculine cuff link created by the famous Swedish design house Skultuna Bruk. These polar star cuff links were in fact the official cufflinks for HRH Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden's Wedding. Representing the ancient symbol of the Kingdom of Sweden, this polar star cufflink is carefully produced with delicate enamels being applied to silver plated brass cufflinks. With over 400 years of experience in brass production, Skultuna has outdone themselves in terms of quality and construction with these truly royal cuff links. These are the perfect gift that is fit for a king!
Designed by Skultuna Bruk of Sweden - Official Purveyors to the Royal Family of Sweden since 1607
- |Reviews
- |Delivery
Orders placed before 3 pm EST ship out the same day.


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London: The Palace, The Eye and The Tower
10 comments
- JenPonix said...
- September 25, 2012 at 9:44 AM
- maricarljanah said...
Beautiful photos Lex! I love that this post is so informative *slow clap* lol
- September 25, 2012 at 12:28 PM
- Tinkerbelle said...
Nice photos Ms. Alexa!
hope you enjoyed your trip!! :)
- September 25, 2012 at 2:51 PM
- kdawnsy said...
Bucketlisted! Mine na your outfit!:))
- September 25, 2012 at 7:36 PM
- Chyrel Gomez said...
Love the sunnies! I was literally drooling while looking at the photos! Haha! OMG. London.
- September 25, 2012 at 8:52 PM
- Cetta Timbalopez said...
how much is the trousers?
- September 26, 2012 at 2:34 AM
- I Am Alexa said...
@Janah: Hahaha Couldn't bring my readers with me on the trip so I brought London to them instead. :)
@Tinkerbelle! Thanks, dear! Really enjoyed the trip! :)
@Dawn: You should go visit Britain soon! :)
@Chyrel: Thanks, Chy! Got the sunnies from Romwe. :)
@Cetta: The trousers were really inexpensive! I think it retails for P399 only! :)
- September 26, 2012 at 3:58 AM
Nice photos! Is it me or you wore 2 shoes in this blog? :)
Myygaawwwd. Can't move on and can't stop raving about that ice cream. I'm a fan of flakes! I ask my Aunt pa to regularly send me stocks from Australia.
I wanna try making my own version tuloy of the ice cream! Hehe.
- September 26, 2012 at 10:27 PM
- Gillian Uang said...
Ay wow! Traveler ang peg! haha Love all these photos Alexa :) Not to mention your FABULOUS PANTS. *wink*
- September 28, 2012 at 3:37 AM
- Anmari ish said...
Interesting blog!
we have the same interest in travel and fashion. How would you like to follow each other hun?
- September 28, 2012 at 6:48 AM


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Lou's Firearms is one of the premier gun shops in New Jersey. With approximately 500 firearms in stock. We carry a large variety of handguns, long guns (rifles and shotguns), knives and tactical accessories. We specialize in personal service, from beginner to expert shooter, no matter what your skill level come in and make your next firearm purchase a pleasant one.
Ask about our military and law enforcement discounts.
See our Auctions on Gunbrokers.com and GunsAmerica.com.


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Get extra revenue right away with no set-up fee.
Receive your commission the moment you sell.
Make MONEY and help your customers, colleagues, and friends to make international calls with Yolla.
Sell Yolla vouchers and top-ups.
Are you selling VoIP services? Do you own a retail business?
Or do you know many people who need to call abroad and are used to spend a lot on international calls? Then Yolla Reseller Program is what you need to make money! Start selling Yolla now with NO set-up fee!
With Yolla, there is high commission and no income limit! Yolla standard commission can be as high as 20%. It's simple – sell more, get higher commission, get more money!
Your personal Yolla account manager will assist you with setting up and maintaining your Yolla distributor business FOR FREE and with no monthly fee!
Just sell Yolla, and Yolla will do the rest.
We will ensure your customers have the highest voice quality, great calling rates, and 24/7 support.


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If you're wondering why we are experiencing some mid-morning weakness, it shouldn't come as a big surprise. First, the Dow has rallied almost 900 points in 3 days--time for a rest, already.
Two, China has now become the new lead story of "Sunday night selloffs" so lightening up a bit into the weekend is not shocking anyone.
Three, options traders tell me there has been a spate of short selling in financials this morning, which again should not be surprising--I mean, did you think the shorts would give up this easily?
Finally, there is the usual "XYZ hedge fund/bank is in trouble" rumors floating around, with weakness in some European banks. These rumors are usually dismissed as the usual tricksters improving their positions, but given what happened with SocGenthis week these rumors are having a little more impact than they usually do.
Questions? Comments? firstname.lastname@example.com


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Services on Demand
- Cited by SciELO
- Access statistics
Related links
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
Print version ISSN 0103-5053On-line version ISSN 1678-4790
J. Braz. Chem. Soc. vol.15 no.2 São Paulo Mar./Apr. 2004
A rapid and sensitive method for dimethylsulphide analysis in Brazilian sugar cane sugar spirits and other distilled beverages
Daniel R. Cardoso; Luiz G. Andrade Sobrinho; Benedito S. Lima-Neto; Douglas W. Franco*
Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, 13560-970 São Carlos - SP, Brazil
A purge and trap concentrator coupled to gas chromatography was used to quantify dimethylsulphide in distilled beverages. A very good performance was obtained using a HP-FFAP column and a mass selective detector operating in SIM mode (m/z 62): detection limit 8 x 10-9 mol L-1; good repeatability and total time of analysis 25 minutes. The method has been applied for sixty samples of alcoholic beverages (cachaças, tiquiras, grappas, whiskies, brandies, vodkas, rum and a tequila). The cachaças exhibit the highest content of dimethylsulphide (median 3.16 x 10-4 mol L-1), followed by grappa (median 1.45 x 10-4 mol L-1). The presence of dimethylsulphide was not observed in the samples of rum.
Keywords: cachaça, chromatography, purge and trap, dimethylsulphide, GC-MS
O acoplamento do extrator por "purge and trap" com a cromatografia gasosa foi utilizado para quantificar o dimetilssulfeto em bebidas alcoólicas. Muito boa performance foi obtida usando-se uma coluna HP-FFAP e um detector seletivo de massas operando em modo SIM (m/z 62): limite de detecção de 8 x 10-9 mol L-1; boa repetibilidade e tempo total de análise de 25 minutos. O método foi aplicado em 60 amostras de bebidas alcoólicas (cachaça, tiquira, grapa, uísque, brandy, vodca, rum e uma tequila). As amostras de cachaças exibiram a maior concentração de dimetilssulfeto (mediana de 3.16 x 10-4 mol L-1) seguidas pelas amostras de grapa (mediana de 1.45 x 10-4 mol L-1). Não foi observada a presença de dimetilssulfeto nas amostras de rum analisadas.
Brazilian sugar cane spirit, also called "cachaça", is a distilled alcoholic beverage from fermented sugar cane juice. Although cachaça production is around 1.5 - 2 x 109 liters per year, only 2.6 x 106 liters are exported. Significant improvements can be obtained from knowledge of the cachaça chemical composition; however this subject has only been thoroughly investigated in the last decade.1-5
Flavor and aroma are the most important sensory characteristics of a beverage. The presence of sulphur compounds in beverages makes the sensorial profile worse as these compounds are known to be responsible for the so-called "off-flavors".5-9
Sulphur compounds in beverages exhibit different olfactory characteristics, depending on the position of the sulphur atom in the molecule,5 and probably originate from the degradation of sulphur-containing amino acids.5
Previous studies carried out in our laboratory indicated that dimethylsulphide (DMS) is the major volatile sulphur component in cachaça and can strongly influence the beverage sensory qualities.11
The reported analytical methods5-9,12-15 for DMS determination, based on chromatographic analysis, are laborious, show a low detection limit, and are subject to interferences.
As part of our efforts aiming at improving Brazilian cane sugar spirit quality, we describe here a simple and rapid method for the quantitative analysis of DMS in cachaça and other alcoholic matrices, employing the purge and trap technique16 coupled to a gas chromatograph having a mass spectrometric detector (GC-MS). The following samples were analyzed: twenty-two cachaças, eight tiquiras (home made distilled beverage of beiju from manioc fermentation produced in Maranhão state, Brazil), eight whiskies, seven grappas, four rums, nine brandies, ten vodkas and one tequila.
The solvent (ethanol) was HPLC grade (Mallinckrodt). The 99% DMS standard was obtained from Aldrich. Water which was previously distilled and purified by a Milli-Q system (Millipore).
To obtain representative sampling, commercial Brazilian cane sugar spirits were collected from selected areas (States in Brazil: AL = Alagoas, CE = Ceará, MA = Maranhão, MG = Minas Gerais, PE = Pernambuco, SC = Santa Catarina, SP = São Paulo), taking into account their tradition as producers. For comparison purposes, other alcoholic beverages were selected according to consumer acceptance and commercial relevance.
The analytical data reported in this paper are the average values obtained from analysis of three samplings of the same beverage:
Brazilian cane sugar spirit samples. Box 32 (SC), Caninha 21 (SP), Caninha 61 (SP), Capitão das Geraes (MG), Sta. Inês (SP), Delicate (SP), Espírito de Minas (MG), Gostosa (PB), Jequity (SP), Kariri com K (CE), Lua Nova (MG), Marimbondo (PB), Nabunda (SP), Pé-de-Serra (AL), Pirassununga 51 (SP), Pitú (PE), Sapupara Ouro (CE), Tiquara (SP), Velho Barreiro (SP), Villa Velha (SP), Villa Velha Carvalho (SP), Ypióca Prata (CE).
Tiquira samples. Tiquira I (MA), Tiquira II (MA), Tiquira III (MA), Tiquira IV (MA), Tiquira V (MA), Tiquira IX (MA), Tiquira XIV (MA), Tiquira XV (MA).
Whiskey samples. Alambik (Brazil), Early Times (USA), Jim Beam (USA), Passport (Scotland), Crown Seagram's Seven (USA), Glendfiddich (Scotland), Logan (Scotland), Wild Turkey (USA).
Grappa samples. Grappa Chambave Muscat (Italy), Grappa di Malvasia di Casorzo (Italy), Grappa di Teroldego (Italy), Grappa Eugenia (Italy), Grappa Florianópolis (SC, Brazil), Grappa Pisoni (Italy), Siborna Grappa (Italy).
Rum samples. Montilla (SP), Myer's (Jamaica), Rhum Agricole Sain Jaimes Martinica (France), Ron Aniversario (Venezuela).
Brandy samples. Äalborg Vinbärs (Denmark), Brandy Peinado (Spain), Cacique Guaro (Costa Rica), Domeq (Brazil), Domus (Brazil), Dreher (Brazil), Gran Duque D'Alba (Spain), Natu Nobilis (Brazil), Presidente (Brazil).
Vodka samples. Baikal (Brazil), Balalaika (Brazil), Komaroff (Brazil), Orloff (Brazil), Smirnoff (Brazil), Stolichnaya (Russia), Dofrahb (Russia), Wyborowa (Russia), Zubrowka (Russia).
Tequila sample. Cuervo Especial (Mexico).
Determinations of dimethylsulphide was carried out in a purge and trap concentrator (OI ANALYTICAL, model 4560) using high purity helium (99.999%), coupled with a gas chromatograph (SHIMADZU, model GC17A) equipped with a mass selective detector (SHIMADZU, model GCMS-QP5050A) using 70 eV electron impact as the ionization mode. Separation was achieved in a column packed with esterified polyethylene glycol (HP-FFAP, 50 m x 0.2 mm x 0.3 µm; Hewlett Packard), three other capillary columns were tested: DB-WAX (50 m x 0.20 mm x 0.3 mm; J&W Scientific), DB-1 (60 m x 0.25 mm x 0.3 µm; J&W Scientific) and DB-5 (60 m x 0.25 mm x 0.3 µm; J&W Scientific). Compounds in the purge gas were adsorbed on a Tenax® chemical trap (OI ANALYTICAL) using a water management control module to minimize co-recovery of water from liquid samples.
Aliquots of six milliliters of each sample were injected in the purge and trap concentrator and purged for 5 min at a flow rate of 45 mL min-1. The trap temperature was set at 20 °C. The trap was then flash-heated to 180 °C for 2 min to desorb the volatile compounds, which were automatically injected directly into the GC-MS equipment.
The gas chromatograph was operated in the on column injection mode. The column temperature was set at 60 °C for 5 min after which it was raised to 200 °C at a rate of 10 °C min-1. Helium at a flow rate 1 mL min-1 was used as the carrier gas. The mass spectrometer detector was operated in the single ion monitoring (SIM) mode (m/z 62). The temperatures of the injector and interface were set at 100 °C and 200 °C, respectively.
The chemical trap was heated for 10 min at 200 °C immediately before each analysis to remove residual compounds from previous analyses. Blank runs were included between each analysis to confirm that the residual compounds had been completely removed after heating.
Quantitative analysis
Standard solutions of DMS were obtained by suitable dilutions of a stock solution (7.08 x 10-3 mol L-1 60:40 v/v water-ethanol solution). The calibration curve was determined over the 0 1.61 x 1x0-6 mol L-1 concentration range by plotting the peak area versus DMS concentration. The correlation coefficients were close to unity. The standard solutions and the calibration curves were prepared and used on the same day. When necessary the samples were diluted before analysis.
Results and Discussion
Several temperature programs and four capillary columns were tested: HP-FFAP, DB-WAX, DB-1, and DB-5. The HP-FFAP column exhibited the best performance without co-elution problems, as observed with the other capillary columns tested.
The mass fragmentation pattern of DMS is depicted in Figure 1. The base peak at m/z 47 corresponds to the ion [CH3S+]. The analyte displays an intense molecular ion at m/z 62 in the 70 eV electron impact mass spectrum. This molecular ion was used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis, since the [CH3S+] ion at m/z 47 is subject to interference. The molecular ion at m/z 62 provides high selectivity and sensitivity and thus was chosen for quantitative analysis.
The identity of DMS from several samples was confirmed by comparing the retention times and mass fragmentation patterns with that of the authentic compound.
Repeatability of DMS analysis was determined as a relative standard deviation (RSD), as previous described.17 The low RSD values (2 %) confirmed the high precision of the determination of these compounds by the purge and trap technique.
The results of experimental quantification data for DMS in different distilled alcoholic beverages are shown in Table 1.
Using the method outlined here, it was not possible to detect the presence of DMS in the rum, tequila and vodka samples. Only one sample of tiquira and one of brandy showed DMS present in the concentration range for which the method is applicable. In three whiskey samples DMS was detected in concentrations similar to those already reported in literature.18 Grappa and whiskey samples presented similar ranges of concentration for DMS, with one exception (grappa # 4) that exhibited a DMS level similar to those observed in cachaça.
The data collected in the Table 1 shows a high variation of the DMS concentration in the same type of beverage. In general, the range of concentration is between the detection limit up to few µmol L-1.
As observed in Figure 2, the highest levels of DMS were found in the cachaça samples. It is very interesting to note that despite rum and cachaça being produced from sugar cane, the highest value of DMS were found in cachaça. Homemade cachaças produced in pot-stills exhibit higher DMS content than the industrial ones. Pot stills and columns (even the so called inox columns) have copper in their composition due to the well know properties of this metal to improve the sensory quality of beverages. Generally one could suppose that industrial cachaças were produced with better technologies than homemade ones and that this will be the reason for the observed DMS contents. This is not always true. Tiquira, despite its being produced with poorer quality control than rum and cachaça, exhibits low levels of DMS comparable to other international spirits.
Despite some differences in the design and configuration of the still, the use of copper metal in building the equipment, with the purpose of reducing the DMS content in distilled beverages19 is a worldwide practice and together with the distillation procedure can not by themselves explain the differences observed among cachaça, rum and tiquira DMS contents.
Probably, the differences in the sulphur compounds content of the raw material used in the fermentation stage of cachaça (fresh sugar cane juice), rum (molasses) and tiquira (beiju from manioc) and as well as the differences in the activities of the microbial population developed in the fermentation process would account for the observed results. This subject is currently under investigation in our laboratory.
The relevance of DMS on the cachaça's sensory profile can be easily evaluated by smelling a recently opened bottle. The characteristic cabbage DMS "off-flavor" is easily identified if it is present in a concentration higher than 8 x 10-7 mol L-1.20 Chromatographic measurements in an open non-aged cachaça bottle, kept at room temperature (25 oC ± 3) over two weeks, show less than 15 % decrease in the DMS content. This fact at first view is surprising considering that DMS has a b.p. = 38 oC. Probably, in the cachaça's composition there are substances besides ethanol that interact with DMS increasing its solubility in this medium. The use of air or oxygen as a blanch gas, to eliminate DMS is not recommended since other volatile compounds will also be lost, consequently weakening the beverage's bouquet and aroma. Therefore, efforts should be carried out to eliminate or reduce the DMS content of cachaça. As pointed out above, the use of copper in the ascendant part of the pot-still and a double distillation process would be practical ways to accomplish this goal.19
The procedure described in the present study was shown to be rapid (25 min), detection limit of 8 x 10-9 mol L-1, simple (does not require sample treatment) and also exhibits good precision (98%). Therefore, it is quite suitable for quality control in routine analysis, in contrast to the usual methods described in the literature. The high concentrations of DMS found in some beverages indicate that production processing should be monitored more carefully. New studies on process development must be conducted to improve the flavor quality of the Brazilian national beverage.
The authors thank FAPESP and CAPES for financial support.
1. Boscolo, M.; Bezerra, C. W. B.; Cardoso, D. R.; Lima-Neto, B. S.; Franco, D. W.; J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2000, 11, 86. [ Links ]
2. Nascimento, R. F.; Cardoso, D. R.; Lima-Neto; B. S.; Franco, D. W.; Chromatographia 1998, 48, 751. [ Links ]
3. Nascimento, R. F.; Cardoso, D. R.; De Keukeleire, D.; Lima-Neto, B. S.; Franco, D. W.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 6070. [ Links ]
4. Aresta, M.; Boscolo, M.; Franco, D. W.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 2819. [ Links ]
5. Lima-Neto, B.S.; Bezerra, C.W.; Polastro, L.R.; Campos, P.; Nascimento, R.F.; Furya, S.M.B.; Franco, D.W; Quim. Nova 1994, 17, 20. [ Links ]
6. Mestres, M.; Busto, O.; Guasch, J.; J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 881, 569. [ Links ]
7. Mestres, M.; Martí, M.P.; Busto, O.; Guasch, J.; J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 881, 583. [ Links ]
8. Hill, P.G.; Smith, R.M.; J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 872, 203. [ Links ]
9. Leppänen, O.A.; Denslow, J.; Ronkaien, P.P.; J Agric. Food Chem 1980, 28, 359. [ Links ]
10. Nedjma, M.; Maujean, A.; J. Chromatogr. A 1995, 704, 495. [ Links ]
11. Nascimento, R.F.; PhD Thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, 1998. [ Links ]
12. Haberhauer-Troyer, C.; Rosenberg, E.; Grasserbauer, M.; J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 848, 305. [ Links ]
13. Inomata, Y.; Matsunaga, K.; Murai, Y.; Osada, K.; Iwasaka, Y.; J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 864, 111. [ Links ]
14. Mestres, M.; Martí, M.P.; Busto, O.; Guasch, J.; J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 849, 293. [ Links ]
15. Ojala, M.; Ketola, R.; Mansikka, T.; Kotiaho, T.; Kostiainen, R.; J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 1997, 20, 165. [ Links ]
16. Ioffe, B.V.; Itenberg, A.G.; Head-Space Analysis and Related Methods in Gas Chromatography, John Wiley: New York, 1984. [ Links ]
17. Chasin, A.A.M.; Nascimento, E.S.; Ribeiro-Neto, L.M.; Siqueira, M.E.P.B.; Andraus, M.H.; Salvadori, M.C.; Fernícola, N.A.G.; Gorni, R.; Salcedo, S.; Rev. Bras. Toxicol 1998, 11, 1. [ Links ]
18. Leppänen, O.A.; Denslow, J.; Ronkainen, P.A.; J. Inst. Brew. 1979, 85, 350. [ Links ]
19. Cardoso, D.R.; Nascimento, R.F.; Lima-Neto, B.S.; Franco, D.W.; Quim. Nova 2003, 26, 165. [ Links ]
20. Nascimento, R.F.; Cardoso, D.R.; Lima Neto, Benedito S.; Franco, D. W.; Farias, J.B.; Quim.Nova, 1998, 21, 735. [ Links ]
21. Mestres, M; Busto, O.; Guash, J.; J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 881, 569. [ Links ]
Received: February 6, 2003
Published on the web: March 30, 2004
FAPESP helped in meeting the publication costs of this article
* e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Surprising first novel
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Paperback
Sharon Shinn's first novel is so different from her later work that it almost seems she made a deliberate decision to change direction. Like her later work it is a fantasy, but one written in elegiac tone. While a short novel, its study of selfishness and renunciation make her other novels seem a bit fluffy by contrast. Her angel series and other stories are very popular so clearly this author made a canny move. Still I for one am sorry not to see more of this Sharon Shinn.
Pages: 208
Publisher: Ace
Sharon Shinn
Unbelievably good
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Paperback
As one of the cover blurbs said so well, it was hard to know how to read this book: quickly so as to find out what happens, or slowly to savor the writing. I didn't think I could love a book as much as I loved DOMESTIC PLEASURES, but SAYING GRACE was equally mesmerizing. The background of a private school with all its politics and conflicts made for fascinating reading. How Gutcheon juggled so many story lines without creating a confusing mess, I have no idea. At first, I wasn't sure I'd ever keep all the characters straight, but before long I was pulled into each story and had no problem at all. In fact, I felt as if I were there at The Country School right along with Rue and Emily and Mike and Chandler and Henry and all the others who peopled this story. The book was by turns hilarious, sad, illuminating, joyous, frustrating, and heartbreaking. It was never boring. Once again, Ms. Gutcheon has awed me with her talent. I only wish she would write faster.
Pages: 320
Publisher: Harper Perennial
Beth Gutcheon
Very good book! helped me prepare for my career
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Hardcover
This is a great book. I wanted to really get deeper into graphics and film and out of all the many-many books I have bought this is the grand daddy of them all.Ron Brinmann gives you a wonderful understanding of film and graphic language and really helps to prepare you to be equipped
with top knowledge in a very difficult industry. I highly recommend anyone wanting to be in graphics, film or visual effects to add this book to your library- Truly deserves 10 stars
Pages: 384
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Ron Brinkmann
Lost classic from my childhood--rediscovered!
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Paperback
I loved this book (and all in this series) as a child in the mid-60's. I never forgot the stories and characters: Tolly, Susan, Jacob, Toby, Alexander, Linnet, and Green Noah. But unfortunately, I forgot the titles and the author's name! I recently ran across the title on my daughter's accelerated reading list from school. I made her check it out from the school library so I could read it. Reading it again was like finding a long lost friend. It is one of those wonderful books in which not a lot happens (in terms of being plot-driven), but much happens under the surface and in the imagination of the reader. If you missed it as a child, don't miss it now. Share it with a child you love.
Pages: 183
Publisher: Harcourt
L. M. Boston
Lucy Maria Boston
GMTV Beauty Segment UK
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Paperback
I was watching the television one morning while getting ready for work. I saw Carole Maggio demonstrating her facial exercises and when she said she was 56 years old I really started paying attention. My mum is 56 and doesn't look anywhere near as good as Carole. She talked about her book, video and private classes. I purchased the book that evening. I started doing the exercises twice daily. I'm 32 and in just 17 days my eyes appeared larger, my lips were definitely firmer and larger and of all things my nose tip was turned back up. It had actually gotten a bit long. I even had to change the color of my foundation because my skin had gone from a sallow color to a pinky glow. I can't wait to see what more happens. I bought my Mum the video and am watching her results. What a great and affordable way to stay young and good looking! This is a great find.Regards
Lee Bonds
Pages: 85
Publisher: Perigee Books
Carole Maggio
Kyle Roderick
No way to tell
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Hardcover
Will you like this book? This series? It depends entirely upon what kind of person you are. As you've noticed: review 1: 1 star... review 2: 5 star... review 3: 1 star....And so on. So how do you know if you'll like this book? Really, there is no true way to tell before hand. Start the series. if by book 5 your not istrested anymore, stop.I'm on book 9 and i've LOVED the books. 5 stars for all on them. You may think diffrently, there is no way to tell, well, no way in a review. But keep in mind that bestsellers are bestsellers because people like them. 1 star reviewers should have quit by book 5 if they were really so bord.
Pages: 604
Publisher: Tor Books
Robert Jordan
This is a book that every person should read
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Hardcover
I read Dr. Carson's first two books and thought they were really good. But then I read The Big Picture and it was really great. I am a firm believer in the Bible but have a hard time seeing that BIG PICTURE. Ben Carson did a wonderful job in conveying what the Big Picture is suppose to look like for those of us who have a hard time seeing it. Reading the book is one thing - doing what is says in there is another. After reading this book, my thinking has changed and my life with it. If anybody is questioning their life in any way, this book is a must.
Pages: 272
Publisher: Zondervan
The oldest are even better...
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Paperback
I have copies of almost everything Diana Palmer has written (exception: "Night of the Unicorn" published under penname Diana Blayne). I love the way she tells a story, as do her multitude of other fans. I have found many of the older stories, those published in the early '80s, actually to be even more compelling and enjoyable than the latest written. "Blind Promises" is one of those and I recommend it to readers. Others recommended are "Denin and Lace" and "Tangled Destinies" (also published under the penname), and "Betrayed by Love."
Pages: 252
Publisher: Steeple Hill
King's Best
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Paperback
Hands down, this is easily King's best and coincidentally probably his most popular. Not only is it my favorite King novel, it is one of my favorite novels of all time - definitely in my top five. Essentially, it's the story of the decimation of human life on earth due to a mass epidemic. A handful of people are unaffected and they are drawn together to try and figure out why. King wrote this in 1979 and although he has come close on several occasions, in my opinion, had never been able to eclipse it. If you get a chance and you have yet to read it, make sure you find time to do so. BTW, the TV adapted mini-series was awful.
Publisher: Hodder & Stoughton
Stephen King
Very good collection
Rating: 5/5
Binding: Paperback
This collection of articles is one of the best available in phil. of mind. Its range and completeness is amazing, starting from selections of Descartes, Locke and Reid up to papers on eliminative materialism and machine functionalism. I'd definitely recommend this for anybody willing to get serious about the subject. If you haven't already studied the papers contained here, do it, for they 're absolutely fundamental to our current understanding of the problems in the phil. of mind.
Pages: 656
Publisher: Oxford University Press


text:
Ah, the Reni hat. We don't go on about fashion as we don't know anything about it. Our esteemed editor, Mr. Wapojif, dresses in nothing but pink speedos and a tea stained yellow pullover. He gets some odd looks.
One almighty fashion moment of brilliance he has committed to since 2002 (when he first acquired the only one he still has) is the Reni hat. Reni is the legendary drummer for The Stone Roses – the man with the disturbing mega drumming genius. Yes, we're big fans.
Reni: Drumming Genius and Reni Hats
Despite his genius, Reni is still an obscure talent in the drumming community (in part due to his highly elusive and enigmatic nature – he disappeared for 16 years from public view after leaving the band in 1995) but that's another story for another day.
His remarkable drumming aside, in the late '80s he rarely went anywhere without his Reni hat (a bucket hat, essentially, often worn by Northern English folk).
Due to the popularity of the band this became something of a fashion statement at the thyme, and it's since gone on to become iconic. Indeed, when The Stone Roses reformed most unexpectedly in late 2011, Reni hats sold out within 24 hours. Fact!
Indeed, so whilst you may be confused as to why anyone would wear that Jackson Pollock stained headgear, remember one of the best drummers on Earth did.
Which is a pretty cool thing. You see, so long as you're cool you can take daft things and make them look ace. That's our theory, anyway, which has already been ruined as we remember Brad Pitt and his massive Hipster beard.
Not a good idea. Stick to Reni hats, y'all. It is nearly summer after all – hat weather!


text:
Home > Products > Computer Water Cooling Accessories > Water Cooling Fan > Ultra Silent Cooling Fan With LED Light Strip
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text:
Amazon has put a detailed chart on their website comparing the $199 Kindle Fire with the $499 iPad 2. The shopping season is near and Amazon is making an attempt to portray the Kindle Fire as a cheaper alternative to the iPad 2.
Obviously the $199 price tag makes this Android based Amazon tablet very affordable but there's one point in the comparison table that amuses me.
Amazon, in the chart, says that Kindle Fire supports Adobe Flash while iPad 2 doesn't. Didn't Adobe announce earlier this month that they are discontinuing development of Flash for mobile devices? Amazon is likely to have prepared this chart after Adobe's announcement so I wonder why they are still bragging about Flash support in Kindle Fire.
The comparison table also make no mention of cameras and microphones.


text:
- Price$215,000
- Beds2
- Baths2
- Sq. Ft.1,026
- Built1976
#302 521 57 Av Sw, Apartment In Windsor Park For Sale
Fantastic opportunity to own this well-appointed CORNER unit with SOUTH VIEWS & UNDERGROUND parking. Located in the 40+ amenity rich building of Chinook Manor, this is a rare unit that offers plenty of sunshine! You will feel safe & secure as you walk into the inviting lobby & then take the elevator (or stairs!) to the 3rd level. Walking in, you'll appreciate the large entry space which has plenty of room for a bench or hutch. When downsizing, it can be really difficult to feel as though your furniture will fit, but this condo will accommodate more than most! The kitchen has been updated with a fresh backsplash, modern appliances & additional cabinetry with a large counter for prep space. The dining room is well-lit & will hopefully be central to many family visits while the Living Room is a great gathering space. Off the living room are sliding glass doors which lead to a spacious 5'4"x13'6" balcony. *See Additional Remarks* The Master will accommodate any sized bed, while the 2 Piece en-suite is an added convenience. The second bedroom has custom built-ins ideal for storage & hobbies but can also fit a bed if desired. This building has many great amenities which include an exercise room, a workshop, billiard room, a social room with a kitchen & a library with a ping pong table & shuffleboard. There is also a large common laundry room, which means you can keep the noise out of your unit. There is an assigned storage locker separate from the unit. Close to Chinook Center & public transportation.
Essential Information
- Price$215,000
- Bedrooms2
- Bathrooms2.00
- Full Baths1
- Half Baths1
- Square Footage1,026
- Acres0.00
- Year Built1976
- TypeApartment
- Sub-TypeLowrise Apartment
- StyleSingle Level Apartment
- StatusActive
- AmenitiesBalconies, Intercom, Security Door, Television, Elevator Passenger, Exercise Room, Fitness Facilities, Handicap Access, Laundry-Common, Party Room, Recreation Room/Centre, Secured Parking, Storage-Locker Room, Workshop
- FeaturesBalcony, Handicap Access
- Parking Spaces1
- ParkingUnderground
- # of Garages1
- ExteriorBrick
- Exterior FeaturesShopping Nearby, Corner, Public Transportation
- RoofTar & Gravel
- ConstructionConcrete
Listing Details
- Listing OfficeCir Realty
Community Information
- Address#302 521 57 Av Sw
- AreaCalgary
- SubdivisionWindsor Park
- CityCalgary
- ProvinceAlberta
- Postal CodeT2V 4N5
- HeatingNatural Gas, Baseboard
Additional Information
- Days on Market204
- Condo Fee$508
Disclaimer: Information herein deemed reliable but not guaranteed by CREB®.
Listing information last updated on December 14th, 2019 at 12:00pm MST.


text:
Home jamaican hip hop Five Steez - TBTM Semi-Finalist (Jamaica)
Five Steez - TBTM Semi-Finalist (Jamaica)
By RANE At April 09, 2015 17
About Author
17 comments :
Good for them. I wish them lots of luck!ReplyDelete
Thank you for the intro to a new band and some great new music! Jamaican Hip Hop is a new genre for me!ReplyDelete
Thanks for following up on your previous post and introducing us to new music.ReplyDelete
Good luck to them and paws crossed!ReplyDelete
A couple years back I went to a Jamaican hip hop performance and was super impressed by the beat and the unique sound. I need to check out more of Five Steez's music.- KatyReplyDelete
I've never listened to Jamaican Hip Hop before. Thanks for introducing me to this awesome new music.ReplyDelete
Thank you for the music and good luck to themReplyDelete
I haven't herd of them before! Love finding out about new artists :)ReplyDelete
cool competition, good luck to them!ReplyDelete
Big congratulations to him. I wish him well, it sounds like a fun competition.ReplyDelete
thank you for introducing me to new music. I love finding new artist.ReplyDelete
How exciting! He's got talent! Best of luck in the competition! I hope he goes far!ReplyDelete
That is exciting, what a talent! Good luck to him!ReplyDelete


text:
Atomic Bomb
Cocktail recipe1 Cocktail PT2M PT2M cocktail, Red Bull, Sambuca (Black)
Rate me
Rating: 0.71 / 50.71 stars based on 0 votes with 0 being the worst and 5 being the best
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Lowball glass
2 Ingredients
- 5 shots Red Bull5 shots Red Bull22.5 cl Red Bull225 ml Red Bull5 shots Red Bull7.5 oz Red Bull
- 1 shot Sambuca (Black)1 shot Sambuca (Black)4.5 cl Sambuca (Black)45 ml Sambuca (Black)1 shot Sambuca (Black)1.5 oz Sambuca (Black)
Pour Red Bull into tumbler, drop shot of black Sambuca in and drink.
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- 1 shot Sambuca (Black)Sambuca (Black) ()
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Source: https://makemeacocktail.com/cocktail/883/atomic-bomb/


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KCCI News at Noon Feature
DMACC's Workforce Training Academy was featured on Monday, February 25th News at Noon to promote our Careers in the City event March 14th.
KCCI Anchor Rheya Spigner with WTA graduate Kimberly Garcia who was interviewed.
Congratulations to our Fall 2017 Workforce Training Academy graduates
Congratulations our Summer 2017 Workforce Training Academy graduates
16 completed the Patient Intake & Billing course and 1 student completed the Network Cable Installation course.
The graduates include (left to right): Rabin Shah of Des Moines, Carmen Trejo of Grimes, Micaela Mallett of Des Moines, Mikkah Daniels of Des Moines, Maritza Figueroa of Ankeny, Alondra Ordaz Torres of Des Moines, Mindy Romore of West Des Moines, LaCresha Harris of Des Moines, Albert Royce of West Des Moines, Sabitra Pyakurel Koirala of Des Moines, Deborah Moore of Murray, Pampha Pyakurel of Des Moines, Ginger Altmayer of Ankeny and Elizabeth Aldridge of Des Moines.
Congratulations to our 2016 Workforce Training Academy graduates
December 2016
Community Colleges Work with Adult LearnersAt Des Moines Area Community College, students over the age of 26 make up about 20 percent of the student population. Mike Hoffman, executive director of continuing education at DMACC, shared with the Register some insights on why the number of adult learners is increasing, what concerns those students have and why returning for more education can be beneficial...
Source: Des Moines Register - June 15, 2015


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Today I am doing something that I've never done before: I am helping to transport two older cats from a foster home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to their forever home in McAllen, Texas. The trip will take two days with the cats spending the night in Mobile, Alabama. Sera and Chloe were two of twenty cats that were surrendered to a shelter. You can read their story here in a post at Your Daily Cute.
I have always been ambivalent about long-distance transports. On top of the trauma they have already faced, they are now going to be transported for two days with multiple changes of persons before they end up at their forever home. I cannot help but wonder why go to all this trouble? Are there no cats available for adoption in Texas? Don't get me wrong; I am happy these cats will live.
What kind of home will they move into? With long-distance transports like this, I wonder how you can truly vet the family that will take in cats in this manner. Will they go into a loving, forever home? Or are they the latest acquisition of a hoarder?
And then there is the cost. If I were to be paid for this service, it would cost around $212 for my leg of the journey (if paid at my regular rate). That would buy 8 spay vouchers at the low-cost clinic in Panama City. Which is the more prudent use of funds?
So why am I doing this?
-Because I've never done anything like this before and now I will be able to say that I have.
-Because I believe that with all the positive energy going into this transport, good things will come of it.
-Because, in the end, I believe we each have our path to walk, and I feel this is a part of mine.
So while you are out and about this weekend, think of those of us transporting these two ladies to their new home, and offer a prayer for them to have a happy and healthy future.


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Eye care: Don't ignore the signs of vision loss!
Could you imagine life with little or no vision? While you may think that your eyesight is fine if you're still able to see at a distance, impaired vision is not the only sign that you need eye care products, or a visit to the ophthalmologist. Take a look at whether your eyes are hinting at vision problems:
Blurry vision
If you suddenly find it difficult to focus on objects, and feel like your vision is becoming a little blurry, don't ignore it! This is one of the most common signs of vision problems, and could even be a sign that you've got health issues. The reason you shouldn't ignore blurred vision is that its causes include serious conditions such as myopia (near-sightedness), presbyopia, dry eyes and cataracts. Other factors that can leave you with a blurry vision include migraines and sensitivity to light.
Flashes of light
Another way your eyes could be hinting at vision problems is if you suddenly see flashes of light. These are called floaters, and they usually obstruct your vision, leading to vision-threatening disorders. This condition is usually a result of posterior vitreous detachment – a natural effect of ageing – where the gel-like vitreous that is present behind your eye lens, loses contact with your retina.
This may be one of the most common signs of an eye care problem, but it's also one of the most commonly ignored! Frequent headaches are an early warning sign as they indicate eye strain. So instead of taking a paracetamol, read our eye health care tips below and visit an ophthalmologist if nothing changes.
Eye fatigue
Can't sleep because your eyes hurt when you close your eyes? Finding it hard to concentrate because there's a throbbing sensation under your eyelids? Your eyes are screaming out for help! Any sort of eye fatigue is a sign that you're getting vision problems. Prolonged periods of driving, reading or writing result in eye fatigue. You should also factor in the time you spend in front of a computer screen or your smartphone, as using either of the two for a long period of time causes eye fatigue.
Light sensitivity
Do you have to squint when you wake up in the morning because your eyes aren't ready for the sunlight? If you've suddenly started being uncomfortable around bright lights, your eyes are probably telling you that they need better care! Known as photophobia, this is a symptom of a number of conditions such as corneal abrasion and uveitis as well as a few non-eye related disorders such as meningitis. Photophobia can also occur if you wear badly-fitted contact lenses and if you've contracted an infection in your eyes.
Now that you know how to determine whether you're suffering from poor eye care, follow these tips for healthy eyes.
One of the most important things to do is to eat food for eye health. The better your diet is, the healthier your eyes will be. Green leafy vegetables, oily fish such as salmon and tuna, protein and citrus fruits are beneficial. If you're uncertain about what kind of foods to choose, remember to pick those that are rich in antioxidants and vitamins. Antioxidants are your body's best defense against free radicals. Radicals are damaged cells born as a result of oxygen reacting with your body's cells. These free radicals can attack your healthy body cells and damage their DNA, which can cause severe diseases, including eye disorders. Vitamins on the other hand, help to prevent cataracts, macular degeneration and dry eyes.
Your lifestyle habits matter as well. Cut down on the time you spend looking at the computer screen and your smartphone in order to avoid tired eyes. Another trick you can follow is to reduce the brightness of your device and taking periodic breaks while you're doing eye-intensive tasks such as reading. Make sure you wear sunglasses when you're out in the sun – especially if you suffer from light sensitivity. Sunglasses will reduce your exposure to bright light and will also prevent momentary blurred vision, which takes place because of photophobia.
Apart from your diet and lifestyle habits, resting your eyes is another crucial aspect when it comes to ensuring healthy eyes. One of the best ways to do is eye palming, a simple exercise that will relax your eye muscles and help fight fatigue. Rub your hands together till you feel some heat and then place your palms over both your eyes. Hold this position for a few seconds and then repeat – this will instantly refresh you as well as your eyes.
Another great exercise involves focusing on distant objects and is especially helpful to help beat the effects of staring at electronic devices. Stand near a window and focus on an object that is around 50 feet away (looking at trees is a good idea, because the color green soothes your eyes) for around 10 seconds. Now look back into your room and focus on an object close by for the same duration of time. Repeat a few times to exercise the muscles in your eyes.
Picking up eye care products can also go a long way in helping to keep your vision healthy. Vitamin and mineral supplements help make sure your eyes are well protected. Pick a multivitamin tablet such as HealthVit, which has antioxidants and vitamins that help with eye care. Another great product is vegetarian capsules from Unived, which contain micro-algae that contribute to eye care.


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Here is the latest cool comic book moment in our year-long look at one cool comic book moment a day (in no particular order whatsoever)! Here's the archive of the moments posted so far!
Today we look at an awesome fight scene involving two unlikely opponents - The Thing and the Mighty Thor!
The basic plot of the Fantastic Four #73 by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby is that the Fantastic Four think that Daredevil is really Doctor Doom disguised as Daredevil (since Doom had just done that in the first part of this particular story). Daredevil goes to Spider-Man for help, and Spider-Man in turn enlists the aid of the Mighty Thor (who actually was going through a stretch of time when he was not so mighty, but more mighty than most, at the very least).
This is also just precursor to one amazing full-page splash by King Kirby, which you're about to see...
Man, even in a fairly filler issue of the Fantastic Four, Kirby brought it like crazy!


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Book Discussion: "Contagious"
We had a few members join the monthly hangout for a discussion on the book Contagious, a book about how things catch on and go viral in today's digital society.
We discuss the main principles of the book and relate to how they are relavant today with real world examples.
Attendees included: Jordan Giesler, Megan Magiera, Danny Harms, Tim Hamilton and myself.
Even if you didn't read the book, you may still get something from this discussion as we hit on the key points. Enjoy.


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Malinda is the blogger, photographer and general mess maker in the kitchen. Along with her amazing husband and six children (number seven coming soon) they make up the complete team behind the blog Countryside Cravings. There you will find recipes that are simple, straight forward and won't require any unusual ingredients. Her meals are aimed at pleasing the whole family!
She loves reading cookbooks, trying new recipes, spending time with family and friends and enjoying the great outdoors. Some of her guilty pleasures are enjoying a bowl of ice cream smothered in hot fudge and caramel, peanut butter anything and a warm cookie fresh from the oven. When she's not working on her blog Malinda leads a pretty normal life perfecting her playdoh skills, driving her kids to and from activities and snuggling with her husband on the couch in the evenings.


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Education Online A Better option for companies in the business of executive MBA programs
Many companies offer business-related programs Online Executive MBA program for its top executives through an affiliation with a traditional university. Although these programs are aimed at those who do not want to take a break from their careers and enroll full time, they certainly are not unique to its purpose. With the popularity of Distance learning MBA programs is increasing, it seems only a matter of time before the Online MBA programs will see a decrease in the number.
The main advantage of an Online executive MBA program is that adults can use work experience prior to his business degree. While online programs that are traditionally not allowed past experiences as a credit for the termination are some exceptions. At one point, the Distance learning MBA programs are the only way of working executives can get an MBA without full-time enrollment. The company offers many more options presented to those in this particular situation, in recent years.
While the end result of one or anotOnline MBA her option is probably a good education for graduate students, offers online are a better choice for businesses. When companies partner with universities to offer Online MBA program, you are essentially guaranteeing that executives with the exact learning experiences, plus selected
concentrations. Since companies are better served with a multitude of independent executives with experience can bring to the table in front of a collective consciousness that data methods of instruction institutions, many companies are opting to allow employees to enroll in the Online MBA program online. Their own immediate benefit is obvious that companies can use a variety of approaches applicable to the marketing, problem solving, or simply carry out the affairs of the company. From a different curriculum and instruction may vary widely from one institution to the next in line, there is a better chance that the interaction between the executive will result in the best possible solutions and policy ideas. In addition, distance learning mba programs pay executives the ability to interact with other students from diverse backgrounds both socially and in the labor market as well.
The executives have to rely on their counterparts in line for group projects instead of their coworkers, which is often the case in the E-MBA programs. After interactions with different students have different levels of experience and perspective can provide family enrichment and understanding that remain within a closely knit group simply can not. Companies value employees well rounded would do well to note.


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Instant Chat allows a support technician
to engage in a two-way chat session with a customer without forcing the
customer to download any software.
Instant Chat you lose no functionality, but
rather gain the flexibility to use the Rescue Applet or not.
For detailed information on Instant Chat setup and customization, see
the LogMeIn Rescue
Customization and Integration Guide.
Please tell us how we can make this article more useful.


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A new Shepherds Hut in Norfolk
This week we delivered a bespoke 16ft Retreat Shepherd Hut to a garden in West Norfolk to serve as a guest room and quiet getaway. After a busy start to 2017, finishing and delivering a couple of our ensuite Poachers huts and several Wild Rover towing huts, it was really nice to go back to our roots and make this simple, cosy and charming hut. The Shepherds would be proud!
The new owners, Rachel and Mike gave some lovely feedback:
"We are absolutely thrilled with our English Shepherds Hut - as well as looking beautiful in our garden it is going to be a wonderful spare room for all our visiting family and friends. Many thanks to Craig and the team for making it happen! "
Your comment will be posted after it is approved.
Leave a Reply.
Chief Combobulator Wong. While the rest of the team gallivant and build Shepherds Huts, I sit here and combobulate.
October 2019
The Wild Rover Shepherds Hut project was supported by New Anglia Local Enterprise Partnership through the growing business fund.
The English Shepherds Hut Company is a part of Timberpad LTD, which is a trademark of Craig Nield Project Management. All original content © 2011, Craig Nield. All Rights Reserved. Timberpad Garden Offices and Studios and Shepherds Huts are bespoke, custom made, external timber buildings. Timberpad products are designed and built to order by Craig Nield Project Management and all Timberpad garden offices and studios and shepherd huts can conform to the Health And Safety At Work Act (HASAWA). Timberpad and The English Shepherds Hut Co. are based in Norwich and delivered throughout the UK. Orders to outside of the UK can be fulfilled upon request.
Website by Chief Combobulator 2018
© The English Shepherds Hut Co. 2018
Contact Details:
Unit 3
16 Liberator Close
Rackheath Industrial Estate
01603 397777


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Feast Day: 10 August
His Role In The Church
Saint Lawrence (225-258 AD) held the role of deacon and was entrusted to safeguard and distribute the goods and wealth of the Church, particularly among the poor and needy. His work was overseen by Pope Sixtus II, who trusted him immensely and raised him to the position of archdeacon in the year 257.
During the persecution under Emperor Valerian (253-260), Pope Sixtus II was condemned to death. Sensing his own impending persecution and capture, Lawrence resolved to distribute the remaining goods in his possession to the poor and needy, selling even items from the altar.
Word soon got around to the prefect of Rome and, tantalised by the apparent immense treasure of the Church, he sent for Lawrence and demanded that the emperor would need these goods to further maintain his forces. Saint Lawrence conceded that the Church was indeed very rich but he just needed a few days to get everything in order and sort the inventory. When he returned to the prefect, he presented with him a troop of lame, crippled, blind and suffering declaring "these are the treasures of the Church".
Of course, this did not amuse the prefect and he was swiftly arrested and condemned to death. It was to be a slow and cruel death, being slowly roasted alive on an iron grill under a fire. However, St Lawrence famously took the punishment with miraculous wit and humour, shouting out at one point, "Turn me over, I'm done on this side" and concluded his ordeal by stating, "It's cooked enough now". His dying prayer was for the conversion of the city of Rome and that the faith would spread like fire over the whole world.
Why Saint Lawrence is important
A reflection from someone in our young Catholic community
St Lawrence stands out as a man of immense heroism and bravery in the face of a tyrannical government. He lived with his face set firmly on Christ and expressed this resolution up to the very point of death. His charity in life and courage in death makes him of great recourse to turn as a patron when pleading for bravery and strength amidst persecution. Owing to his ability to make jokes even when roasting alive, his patronages include that of comedians and chefs.


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OK, the CD is finished!
01. Ultravox - Vienna
02. Kim Wilde - Kids In America
03. Devo - Whip It
04. Spandau Ballet - To Cut A Long Story Short
05. Orchestral Manoeuvres In The Dark - Enola Gay
06. Soft Cell - Tainted Dust
07. Bronski Beat - Smalltown Boy
08. Duran Duran - Planet Earth
09. Phil Oakey & Giorgio Moroder - Together In Electric Dreams
10. New Order - Blue Monday
11. Gary Numan - Cars
12. Simple Minds - New Gold Dream (81-82-83-84)
13. Pet Shop Boys - West End Girls
14. Visage - Fade To Grey
15. Thompson Twins - Love On Your Side
16. Blancmange - Living On The Ceiling
17. Paul Hardcastle - 19
18. Tears For Fears - Mad World
19. Yazoo - Situation (US 12" Mix)
All the tracks were taken directly from the Ministry Of Sound (hereafter referred as MOS) album except for the following...
Track 02. Restored Kim Wilde's "Kids In America" back to its full length [source: the newly remastered Kim Wilde CD that came out last year on Cherry Pop].
Track 06. Rather than using the horrifically mastered version of Soft Cell's "Tainted Love / Where Did Our Love Go" from the MOS CD, I used my own "Tainted Dust" version that I've been playing for the last couple of years - this is taken from the CD single that came out in 1991 but has had a minute carefully trimmed off the end as the song really does start to drag at the end...
Track 10. Restored "Blue Monday back to its full uncut length. [Source: the "Singles" compilation that came out in 2005. This version is pretty poorly mastered (look up "loudness war" on Google) but it fit volume-wise with the rest of the MOS album and was the best version to use in the limited time I had].
Track 13. Used the full album version of "West End Girls" from the Pet Shop Boys debut album "Please". There was nothing wrong with the 7" version that was used on the MOS album but I had the extra space so made the most of it! [Source: the re-issued version from 2001].
Track 15. As above, I used the album version of "Love On Your Side" rather than the 7" version. [Source: the remstered version from 2008].
Track 19. Restored Yazoo's "Situation" back to the full U.S. 12" version as lovingly remixed by the legendary Francois Kevorkian. [Source: the "Only Yazoo" compilation from 1999].
Finally, at the end of Track 18 ("Mad World" by Tears For Fears) I looped the tambourine a few times so it didn't fade out as suddenly and fit in better with the final track. I also put "Mad World" with "19" as, well, they kinda fit thematically, don'tcha think? ;)
The Eighties night was last night and was a huge success. I pressed up exactly 150 copies of the CD and they all went like hot cakes!! Hope people are enjoying it today. If you've not got one and want one, contact me and I'll post one to you..
p.s. there's an Easter Egg on the CD too. Can you find it? :)


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Presented to:
Dr. Lambert Vincent Stepanich
Presented by:
Moataz Mohammad Attallah
The issue of Personal Identity, or what is unique about a certain person, has been one of the major topics in the history of philosophy. Discussions about the existence of personal identity and it components started a long time ago, around the time of the ancient philosophers until today. The issue has been tackled by many eminent philosophers, such as: Aristotle, Descartes, Schopenhauer, Locke, Hume, Butler, Kant, and, Parfit. However, no consensus has yet been reached among the different schools of philosophy concerning the definition, or even the existence of personal identity, and its components.
This is the beauty of philosophy; there are no limits for human creativity as long as logic is the sole judge for ideas.
For the second part of the discussion, one should not expect the author to just say that personal identity is composed of X, Y, and Z. One should rather anticipate the author to confirm or deny the following components: first: the physiological or the bodily component, second: the consciousness component with all its relevant sub-units (memory and experience). Solving the logical conflict between these two components is a never-ending argument- especially because each component has its reasons for existence. In addition, the discussion about the components utilizes the so-called "Thought Experiments", whichin some casesmay be acceptable to logic, and in other cases, one finds them too far to be thought about; hence weakening the argument. In other words, the components' discussion has to be handled with great care to avoid the 'tricky' use of thought experiments.
Still, there is a possibility
to reach logic conciliation. Modern schools of philosophy believe in the
existence of personal identity. Long time ago, some philosophers did not
accept this because they investigated the existence of certain aspects;
hence reaching to their conclusion that personal identity does not exist.
However, with the spread of Kant's philosophy, philosophers started to
consider new aspects that lead to the growing belief in personal identity.
Personal identity is alluded to using some common words in philosophy, such as: self, soul, ego, person, consciousness, personality, mind, body, identity, etc.. It is true that these words build up philosophical definitions. However, these trials would be similar to what the Arabian sarcastic saying calls: "Defining water as water!" This is because each one of the above terms requires a definition of its own.
Simply, personal identity
is the characteristic of uniqueness of an individual, or what is so special
or particular about him/her. The definition includes all the qualities
that distinguish a certain person(ality) from another one. In other words,
it apparently looks solidly connected with the component of "sameness"
over time or "exactness" of the identity. In addition, it highlights the
fact that the person is conscious of his/her being or identity, with certain
qualities. Above all, the question whether time should be mentioned or
not in the definition is another debatable issue.
In his article, David Hume, the Scottish empiricist philosopher, denied the existence of personal identity because there is no clear impression (experience) that seems to derive this idea (Solomon: 365). In fact, his opinion was an attack against personal identity. Hume argues that since the self is an idea, there must be an impression behind it. However, he debates that all the impressions, that people claim to be the source for our belief in personal identity, are spontaneous, variable and, interrupted, for example: during sleep, there are no perceptions of the surroundings. Hume also introduces an interesting point, which is the spatio-temporal continuity or resemblance over time.
He formulates the "equation"
of his debate by saying: "I never can catch myself at any time without
a perception." Finally, he concludes that the idea of the self is ". Simply
a fiction." (Solomon: 365)
That latter argument about catching "myself" is contradictory, as Solomon believes. Solomon thinks that Hume could not deny that there is a self, though he pointed to a "self". He suggests that Hume did not look in the right place. Not only that, but as one questions perception, one discovers that perception is not absolute. Rather, it is relative, subjective, and limited. It is relative because it depends on a frame of reference that should be considered. In the case of personal identity, Hume tries to search for something on himself. It looks like one calculating his speed, with his body as the frame of reference. Accordingly, it yields zero; which was what Hume concluded. On the other side, when one tries to identify other's identity, one reaches to a certain profile. One can describe other as serious, hard-worker, funny, etc. In other words, one finds difficulty in describing oneself; perception seems to be outward directedor relative with oneself being the frame of reference.
Another philosopher, Joseph Butler, believes that in spite of all the changes we go through, we still are the "same" in some respect. He confirms that we have an irresistible awareness of our own identity. Butler believes that personal identity is a quality, and not an abstract concept.
On the other side, the British philosopher Derek Parfit questions the continuity or the survival of the self. Parfit wonders about the actual source of the self, and whether it is the physical body or the psychological traits of the character. He concludes that there are no facts concerning the survival of the self. In his argument, Parfit uses a thought experiment about the so-called 'Tele-transportation' 1. He supposes, using this experiment, that if one rejects the concept of the preservation of an identity, one would find travelling by that way an ordinary thing. Thus, there is nothing to preserve- the point of being connected to a certain body or brain is irrational.
Parfit tackled the concept
in the light of his thought experiment, though some might not find these
experiments appealing. This is true since assuming these fictional events
under the name of "conceptual possibility" is irrational. At the end of
the 20th century, it is not easy to use a logic and scientific impossibility
in our discussion. As the reader may have noticed, the author of this essay
follows a scientific approach in answering the question. According to my
knowledge, the current research in tele-transportation has reached to the
possibility of transferring objects-things-by the way. However, when it
was examined on living things, they reached to the other side dead. Reaching
dead means that Parfits discussion will be of less importance to us, in
comparison to Hume's argument concerning the same issue. In other words,
all his analogy is not acceptable by any scientific means.
As for Hume, one should say
that giving a chance for perceived and non-perceived events to coexist
is inevitable in our life. For example: it is true scientists can not perceive
the electron by sight, but they perceived it by "reasoning" its existence
by its mass, speed, charge and momentum. Even though they cannot exactly
determine its position at any time, there is strong ground to believe in
its existence because it is the widely acceptable explanation for many
phenomena. In our adjunct, identity is the explanation why we distinguish
people with certain characteristics. Same as the famous Freudian theory
says, the effect of the consciousness with its components (Id, Ego, and
Super Ego) can not be denied.
Based on this latter concept, Immanuel Kant formulates his strong belief in the existence of personal identity as the explanation for consciousness. It is the distinguished Kant who wrapped up all the ideas and reached to the conclusion that personal identity does exist.
As Solomon mentioned, the difference between Kant and Hume is that Hume searches for the self among our experiences. Not finding it, he claims that there is no self. On the other side, Kant agrees with Hume that the self is not to be found in self-consciousness. He says that Hume looked in the wrong place because the self is what ties together all our experiences. In other words, it is not the experiences, it is what Kant calls the "transcendental" thread that ties all our experiences. (Solomon: 370)
By transcendental, Kant means that the self is basic and vital. Basic means that it is a condition of the possibility of experience. Thus, the self is not the empirical self; it is rather transcendental. Besides, Kant believes that the self organizes its experiences inside the bundle. One of the characteristics of the soul is its ability to analyze the experiences together, followed by the subsequent formation of a unity of these experiences. In Kant's own words, he says that when one says: "I think." This means that thinking about the self is an indication for its existence- same as any other impression.
Kant argues that thinking about the self is actually an awareness of its existence and an undeniable evidence of the existence of the personal identity. This is because any impression requires thinking about the object being sensed. Therefore, the unity of the "I think" and the impression is that transcendental self. The self of "I" is then the necessary logical subject of any thought.
Philosophers are biased to two components: bodily and consciousness components of personal identity. Few believe in the dualism of these two components. Others believe in the existence of other components. Not only that, some philosophers questioned the criterion of "sameness" of the personal identity.
John Locke argues that self-consciousness is the key to self-identity. In spite of the changes we pass by, either physically or mentally, memory and consciousness are the factors that characterize personal identity. The Lockean idea is sometimes referred to as the Lockean circle; because it pushes us towards a definition of personal identity that says: "A is the same persona as B if and only if A (can) remember(s) what B did." Locke admits that memory is interrupted by forgetfulness, and that one's memory does not contain all the actions. In addition, there are moments we come across, which we do not remember (Solomon: 361). However, he weakly defends his argument by saying that: ".... It concerns not personal identity." (Solomon: 361)
On the other sides, when Locke comes to question the bodily component of the personal identity, he all of a suddenconcludes that personal identity survives despite the change in the substance. He believes that the personal identity is preserved as long as the consciousness is preserved. However, he concludes that the continuity of the body is not a component of personal identity.
The Lockean circle does not reach an end. The point that we forget much of our experiences was not strongly defended by Locke. In addition, even our memories are not accurate. We will claim that the memory is relative! This is because our memories are just interpretations for what we perceive. For example, one might consider himself guilty in a situation, though others might not. In brief, we do not have genuine memories; it is apparent memories. (Solomon: 365)
Another philosopher, Meredith Michaels, uses a group of thought experiments to give an indication of the importance of the body as a component in establishing personal identity. Michaels uses brain transplants and other ideas to first push the reader towards hesitation about the components of personal identity, then she uses another experiment to show that the body represents a component of personal identity.
Both parties try to give an account for what it believes concerning the components. But, where is the truth?
The idea of the psychosomatic unity means that both the body and psyche are inter-connected and they mutually affect each other. This is a direct outcome of new methods of psychoanalysis, notably hypnotherapy. Hypnosis finds that the origin of our physical disturbances, such as: tendency to suicide, pessimism, depression, and schizophrenia, started at the memory--and again memory is linked to the consciousness.
Science proved that the personality
(equivalent to personal identity in our context) is made up of both of
these two components. In fact, the distinction between them as two unique
components is even unacceptable. It is rather one unit. Not only that,
the concept of the psychosomatic unity tackles the issue of forgetfulness
that was taken as a shortcoming of Locke's argument of personal identity.
This is because this unity includes some parts that we can not perceive,
yet the strongly affect our behavior.
One more thing remains, which is to know which one of these components is the big master. There is a tendency of reason to believe that the consciousness component is the stronger because it can induce whatever effect it wants on the somatic component, without being easily identified as the cause for it. In spite of the fact that people easily perceive the outer cover of the personal identity easily, its internal core is the skeleton that holds it.
But, we did not question the importance of knowing where our identity is. The issue of personal identity is a critical for us when we want to judge others. In addition, it represents a quest for our origin--as human beings.
And I believe in this.
Butler, Joseph. The Self as a Primitive Concept.
Hume, David. There is no Self.
Locke, John. On Personal Identity.
Kant, Immanuel. On the Original Synthetic Unity of Appreciation.
Michaels, Meredith. Personal Identity.
Parfit, Derek. Liberation from the Self.
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Munich quartet KYTES got something for your you should try – their latest single I Got Something which is out on April 29th via Lichtdicht Music. The boys have just returned from SXSW where they played their first US shows.
KYTES have created quite a buzz in Germany ever since their debut EP On The Run was released last year. The title track got a lot of airplay thanks to Vodafone who used it for one of their commercials.
I Got Something is a song that compares life to a gamble in the sense that you cannot chose where you are born or under what circumstances. Still, there is always room for choice. Musically, the track is shimmering tropical pop in the style of Two Door Cinema Club or Satellite Stories.
KYTES will play a bunch of club shows and festivals in Germany this summer. Tour dates can be found below.
I Got Something is out on April 29th via Lichtdicht Music.
Tour dates: