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The Spanish State (Estado Español) was the formal name of Spain from 1939 to 1975 under the authoritarian dictatorship of Francisco Franco.
The régime emerged from the victory in the Spanish Civil War of the rebel Nacionales coalition led by General Franco. Besides the internal support, Franco's rebellion had been backed from abroad by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, while the Second Spanish Republic was increasingly backed by the communist Soviet Union. The subsequent régime, implemented by the victorious Franco, is referred to as Francoist Spain.
While the Spanish State was not fascist, it was authoritarian and right-wing, but adopted some of the superficial trappings of fascism.[2][3][4][5][6]
After winning the Spanish Civil War, the Nacionales had established a single party authoritarian state under the undisputed leadership of Franco. World War II started shortly afterwards, and though Spain was officially neutral, it did send a special Division of troops to Russia to aid the Germans, and its pro-Axis stance led to it being isolated after the collapse of the Axis powers. This changed with the new Cold War scenario, on the face of which Franco's strong anti-Communism naturally tilted its régime to ally with the United States.
The Spanish State was declared a monarchy in 1947, but no king was designated; Franco reserved for himself the right to name the person to be king, and deliberately delayed the selection due to political considerations. The selection finally came in 1969, with the designation of Juan Carlos de Borbón as Franco's official successor.
With the death of Franco on 20 November 1975, Juan Carlos became the absolute King of Spain. He immediately began transitioning to democracy, ending with Spain becoming a constitutional monarchy articulated by a parliamentary democracy.
When the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, the Nationalist forces immediately began using the form the Spanish State rather than the Spanish Republic or the Spanish Monarchy, out of deference to the differing political sensibilities of the members of the Nationalist coalition, which included, amongst others, the anti-monarchic fascist Falangists, and the rival conservative-monarchist Carlists and Legitimist parties.
The Nationalist senior generals held an informal meeting in September 1936, where they elected Francisco Franco as leader of the Nationalists, with the rank of Generalísimo (sometimes written in English as Generalissimo, after the Fascist Italian fashion). He was originally supposed to be only commander-in-chief, but after the death of General Emilio Mola (the initial leader of the movement) became head of state as well with nearly unlimited and absolute powers.
This provisional government ruled over the territories controlled by the Nationalists during the Civil War. Its main political action during the war was the consolidation of the heterogeneous political forces that joined the rebellion into a single party, the authoritarian Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS.
During the war, the Nationalist government repressed Republican militants and sympathizers, as retaliation for the repression of clergy and Nationalist militants on the opposite side. Extrajudicial killings were widespread on both sides during the whole war. The retaliation continued right after the war, in part to punish war crimes committed under the Republican government, under a trial called Causa General. Franco's government executed, jailed, or subjected to forced labor thousands of Republicans, but many of them were entirely innocent of anything other than the flimsiest support for the Republican cause, or merely being related to known Republicans. As a result thousands chose to go into exile, mostly in France and Mexico. Of those who fled to metropolitan France, many joined the French resistance against the Nazis. One such exile in metropolitan France was Lluís Companys, President of the Catalan Government; he was subsequently arrested and extradited to Spain in September 1940 by the Pétain regime, then executed after a military trial.
The aftermath of the Civil War was socially bleak: many of those who had supported the Republic fled into exile. Spain lost thousands of doctors, nurses, teachers, lawyers, judges, professors, businessmen, artists,etc. Many of those who had to stay lost their jobs or lost their rank. Sometimes those jobs were given to unskilled and even untrained personnel. This deprived the country of many of its brightest minds, and also of a very capable workforce.[citation needed]. However, this was done to keep Spain's citizens consistent with the ideals sought by the FET-JONS and Franco.
In September 1939, World War II broke out in Europe. After the collapse of France in June 1940, Spain adopted a pro-Axis non-belligerency stance (for example, it offered Spanish naval facilities to German ships), and returned escaping Allied servicemen and fleeing resistance fighters to the Nazis, returning the favour paid by the Nazis when they had contributed forces (including the Stuka dive bombers who obliterated the town of Guernica) to support Franco and the Nationalists during the Civil War.
Adolf Hitler met Franco in Hendaye, France (23 October 1940), to discuss the Spanish entry in the war joining the Axis. Franco's demands (food, military equipment, Gibraltar, French North Africa, etc.) proved too much and no agreement was reached.
Contributing to the disagreement was an ongoing dispute over German mining rights in Spain. Some historians argue that Franco made demands that he knew Hitler would not accede to in order to stay out of the war. Other historians argue that he simply had nothing to offer the Germans. Franco did send volunteer troops to fight communism joining the Axis armies on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Union. The unit name was the División Azul, or Blue Division, after the Falange's party color, whose members were known as 'blueshirts'. Franco returned to complete neutrality in 1943, when the tide of the war had turned decisively against Germany.
After the war, the Allies used Spain's ties to the Axis powers to keep it from joining the United Nations. Franco's government was seen, especially by Soviet countries but also by the Western allies, to be a remnant of the central European fascist regimes. Under these circumstances, a UN resolution condemning Franco's government followed. The resolution encouraged countries to remove their ambassadors in Spain, and established the basis for measures against Spain if the government remained authoritarian. Neighbouring Portugal, Ireland and a few Latin-American, Arabian and Asian countries, refused to comply with this advice.
The consequence of all of this was the establishment of an embargo against the Francoist regime in 1946 — including the closure of the French border — with very little success, as it boosted support for the regime. The isolation was represented by Franco's regime as a modern version of the Black Legend, with the most fanatical partisans claiming it was a machination of Jews and Freemasons against Catholic Spain. This helped to rally significant popular support for the regime such as the large scale 1946 demonstration held in Madrid. In 1947, the president of Argentina, Juan Perón, ignored the UN embargo and sent his wife Eva Perón (Evita) with much needed food supplies. The Spaniards, and Franco himself, heartily welcomed Evita.
After World War II, the Spanish economy was still in disarray. Rationing cards were still used as late as 1952. War and economic isolation prompted the regime to move towards autarky, a movement warmly welcomed by Falangists. The tenets of the economy were: reduction of imports, self-sufficiency, state-controlled production and commercialization of first order goods, state-funded industry and construction of infrastructure — heavily damaged during the Civil War — through the use of precarious means.
In other aspects the regime continued showing its heavy-handedness when it withdrew the press credentials of six U.S. reporters in 1951.[7]
The increased tensions between the U.S. and the USSR in the 1950s, led the American government to search for new allies in Europe. Franco's harsh anti-Communist stance as well as the strategic location of Spain made the Spanish State a potential ally in the Cold War.
Spain's international ostracism was finally broken in 1953 when Spain and the United States signed the Pact of Madrid in a series of agreements under which Spain received economic assistance in the form of grants and loans in return for hosting American military bases (such as Naval Station Rota, opened in 1955). The same year, the Spanish government signed the Concordat with the Vatican.
In 1955, Spanish wealth approached the pre-Civil War levels of 1935, leaving behind the disasters of the war and the struggle of isolation.[8] Spain was admitted to the UN in 1955 and to the World Bank in 1958.[9] Other Western European countries, including Italy, were from that point eager to restore good contacts with Francoist Spain.
Spain's gradual readmission to the international fold was given visible form with the visit of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in December 1959.[10]
The Spanish Miracle (Desarrollo) was the name given to the Spanish economic boom between 1959 and 1973. It is seen by some as the most remarkable positive legacy of the regime. During this period, Spain largely surpassed the per capita income that differentiates developed from underdeveloped countries and induced the development of a dominant middle class which was instrumental to the future establishment of democracy.
The boom was bolstered by economic reforms promoted by the so-called "technocrats", appointed by Franco, who pushed for public investment in infrastructure development, as recommended by the International Monetary Fund. The technocrats were a new breed of economists who replaced the old, prone to isolationism, Falangist guard.
The implementation of these policies took the form of development plans (planes de Desarrollo) and it was largely a success: Spain enjoyed the second highest growth rate in the world, just after Japan, and became the ninth largest economy in the world, just after Canada. Spain joined the industrialized world, leaving behind the poverty and endemic underdevelopment it had experienced since the loss of the Spanish Empire in the 19th century.
Although the economic growth produced noticeable improvements in Spanish living standards and the development of a middle class, Spain remained less economically advanced relative to the rest of Western Europe (with the exception of Portugal, Greece and Ireland). At the heyday of the Miracle, 1974, Spanish income per capita peaked at 79 percent of the Western European average, only to be reached again 25 years later, in 1999.
The 14 years of recovery led to an increase in (often unplanned) building on the periphery of the main Spanish cities to accommodate the new class of industrial workers brought by rural exodus.
The icon of the Desarrollo was the SEAT 600 (a license-built Italian Fiat 600) the first car for many Spanish working class families, produced by the Spanish factory SEAT or Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo.
1969 also saw the Spanish government close the border with Gibraltar. Aircraft from Gibraltar were stopped from travelling to Spain or banned from using Spanish airspace. These restrictions lasted until Franco's death.
The 1973 oil crisis severely affected Spain, and brought the economic growth to a halt. This caused a new wave of strikes (nominally illegal at the time).
Franco's declining health gave more power to Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, but he was assassinated by ETA in 1973. Carlos Arias Navarro took over as President of the Spanish Government, and tried to introduce some reforms to the decaying regime, but he struggled between the two factions of the regime, the búnker (far-right) and the aperturists who promoted transition to Democracy.
But there was no way back to the old regime: Spain was not the same as in post-Civil War times and the model for the now wealthy Spaniards was the prosperous Western Europe, not the impoverished post-war Falangist Spain. Wealthy West Germany became a role model with which Spaniards identified themselves[citation needed], as West Germans increasingly went on vacations to the Spanish beaches. Besides this, a considerable number of Spanish men had worked in Western Europe in the previous years as cheap labour forces, thereby encountering the economic growth and wealth of other western Europeans.
Meanwhile, in Western Sahara the situation gets harder, with the Polisario Front fighting for the independence against colonial troops in one hand, and the Moroccan regime pulling the Spanish government to annex the territory to Morocco on the other.
Led by Cardinal Tarancón and hand in hand with the reforms of the Vatican Council II, the Spanish Roman Catholic church had changed deeply by the last years of the Franco regime and could not be counted as supporting it anymore.
In 1974 Franco fell ill, and Juan Carlos took over as Head of State. Franco soon recovered, but one year later fell ill once again, and after a long illness, Franco died on November 20, 1975, at the age of 82—the same date as the death of José Antonio Primo de Rivera, founder of the Falange. It is suspected that the doctors were ordered to keep him barely alive by artificial means until this symbolic date of the far-right.[citation needed] The historian Ricardo de la Cierva says that on the 19th around 6 p.m. he was told that Franco had already died. After Franco's death, the interim government decided to bury him at Valle de los Caídos, a colossal memorial to all the casualties of the Spanish Civil War, although it was conceived by Franco and has a distinctly nationalist tone.[citation needed]
Upon Franco's death, Juan Carlos became the King of Spain and immediately used his absolute power to transition to a democratic and constitutional monarchy. The Spanish State ceased to exist in 1975 de facto during the Spanish transition to democracy, and was officially over de jure after the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
After Franco's victory in 1939, the FET-JONS became the sole legal party in Spain, and then, in 1949, asserted itself as the main component of the Movimiento Nacional. Through a state of emergency-like status, the national council of the FET-JONS worked as the official legislature of Spain until the passing of the Organic law of 1942.
The Organic law stipulated the government to be ultimately responsible for all legislation of the country[1], with the re-established Cortes Generales working purely as an advisory body. As head of government, Franco was constitutionally in charge of appointing his own ministers, thus being the one source of legislation. The law of referendums of 1945 approved for all "fundamental law" to be approved by a popular referendum, in which only the family heads could vote. Local municipal councils were appointed similarly by family heads and local corporations through elections, while the government exercised the right to appoint mayors. In 1947, a law passed through a referendum revived the Spanish monarchy with Franco as regent for life, with the right to appoint his successor.
Spain attempted to retain control the last remnants of its colonial empire throughout Franco's rule. During the Algerian War (1954–62), Madrid became the base of the Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS) right-wing French Army group which sought to preserve French Algeria. Despite this, Franco was forced to make some concessions. Henceforth, when French Morocco became independent in 1956, he surrendered Spanish Morocco to Mohammed V, retaining only a few enclaves (the Plazas de soberanía). The year after, Mohammed V invaded Spanish Sahara during the Ifni War (known as the "Forgotten War" in Spain). Only in 1975, with the Green March and the military occupation, did Morocco take control of all of the former Spanish territories in the Sahara.
In 1968, under United Nations pressure, Franco granted Spain's colony of Equatorial Guinea its independence, and the next year, ceded the exclave of Ifni to Morocco. Under Franco, Spain also pursued a campaign to gain sovereignty of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, and closed its border with Gibraltar in 1969. The border would not be fully reopened until 1985.
The consistent points in Francoism included above all authoritarianism, nationalism and anti-Freemasonry; some authors also quote integralism.[11] All in all, Francoism showed a frontal rejection of Communism, Socialism and Anarchism. Although Franco and Spain under his rule adopted some trappings of fascism, he, and Spain under his rule, are not generally considered to be fascist; among the distinctions, fascism entails a revolutionary aim to transform society, where Franco and Franco's Spain did not seek to do so, and, to the contrary, although authoritarian, were conservative and traditional.[3][4][5][6][12]
Stanley Payne, the preeminent scholar on fascism and Spain notes: "scarcely any of the serious historians and analysts of Franco consider the generalissimo to be a core fascist."[5][13] According to historian Walter Laqueur "during the civil war, Spanish fascists were forced to subordinate their activities to the nationalist cause. At the helm were military leaders such as General Francisco Franco, who were conservatives in all essential respects. When the civil war ended, Franco was so deeply entrenched that the Falange stood no chance; in this strongly authoritarian regime, there was no room for political opposition. The fascists became junior partners in the government and, as such, they had to accept responsibility for the regime's policy without being able to shape it substantially"[14]
Unlike José Antonio Primo de Rivera (founder of the Falange and executed by the Republicans during the course of the war) Franco lacked any consistent political ideology other than fierce anti-communism.
Franco initially sought support from various groups, such as National syndicalism (nacionalsindicalismo) and the Roman Catholic Church (nacionalcatolicismo). The Falange, a fringe fascist inspired party during the Republic, soon transformed itself into the frame of reference in the Movimiento Nacional. In April 1937, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista ("Spanish Traditionalist Phalanx of the Assemblies of National-Syndicalist Offensive", FET y de las JONS) was created from a merger of the Carlist traditionalists with the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista, which itself was issued of a merger of José Antonio Primo de Rivera's Falange Española with the national-syndicalist Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (JONS).
Unlike other ideological-based regimes' parties, such as the Italian National Fascist Party, German Nazi Party, and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the FET-JONS were relatively heterogeneous instead of being an ideological monolith. Because of this, the Spanish State is generally considered to be authoritarian rather than fascist; among the distinctions, fascism entails a revolutionary aim to transform society, where Franco did not seek to do so, and, to the contrary, although authoritarian, were conservative and traditional. [2][3][4][5][6] After World War II, the Falange opposed freer capital markets, but the ultimately prevailing technocrats, many of whom were linked with Opus Dei, eshewed syndicalist economics and favored increased competition as a means of achieving rapid economic growth and integration with wider Europe which meant greater democracy.[15].
While it included fascist elements, the Spanish State was very authoritarian: non-government trade unions and all political opponents across the political spectrum were either suppressed or tightly controlled by all means, including violent police repression. Most country towns and rural areas were patrolled by pairs of Guardia Civil, a military police for civilians, which functioned as his chief means of social control. Larger cities, and capitals, were mostly under the heavily-armed Policía Armada, commonly called grises.
Members of the oppressed ranged from trade unions to communist and anarchist organizations to liberal democrats and Catalan or Basque separatists. The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) and the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) trade-unions were outlawed, and replaced in 1940 by the corporatist Sindicato Vertical. The PSOE Socialist party and the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) were banned in 1939, while the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) went underground. University students seeking democracy revolted in the late '60s and early '70s, which was repressed by the grises. The Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) went into exile, and in 1959, the ETA armed group was created to wage a low-intensity war against Franco. Franco, like others at the time, evidenced a concern about a possible Masonic conspiracy against his regime. Some non-Spanish authors have described it as being an "obsession"[citation needed].
Franco continued to personally sign all death warrants until just months before he died despite international campaigns requesting him to desist.
Franco's Spanish nationalism promoted a unitary national identity by repressing Spain's cultural diversity. Bullfighting and flamenco[16] were promoted as national traditions while those traditions not considered "Spanish" were suppressed. Franco's view of Spanish tradition was somewhat artificial and arbitrary: while some regional traditions were suppressed, Flamenco, an Andalusian tradition, was considered part of a larger, national identity. All cultural activities were subject to censorship, and many were plainly forbidden (often in an erratic manner). This cultural policy relaxed with time, most notably in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Franco was reluctant to enact any form of administrative and legislative decentralization and kept a fully centralized form of government with a similar administrative structure to that established by the House of Bourbon and General Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja. Such structures were both based in the model of the French centralised State.The main drawback of this kind of management is that government attention and initiatives were irregular, and often depended on the goodwill of regional Government representatives than on regional needs. Thus, inequalities in schooling, health care or transport facilities among regions were patent: classically affluent regions like Madrid, Catalonia, or the Basque Country fared much better than Extremadura, Galicia or Andalusia. Some regions, like Extremadura or La Mancha didn't have a university.
Franco dissolved the autonomy granted by the Spanish Republic to these two regions and to Galicia. Franco abolished the centuries-old fiscal privileges and autonomy (the fueros) in two of the three Basque provinces: Guipuzcoa and Biscay, but kept them for Alava. Among Franco's greatest area of support during the civil war was Navarre, also a Basque speaking region in its north half. Navarre remained a separated region from the Basque Country and Franco decided to preserve its also centuries' old fiscal privileges and autonomy, the so-called Fueros of Navarre.
Franco also used language politics in an attempt to establish national homogeneity. Despite Franco being Galician, in accordance with his nationalist principles, he abolished the official statute and recognition for the Basque, Galician, and Catalan languages that the Spanish Republic had granted for the first time in the history of Spain. He returned to Spanish as the only official language of the State and education, although millions of the country's citizens spoke other languages. The legal usage of languages other than Spanish was forbidden. All government, notarial, legal and commercial documents were to be drawn up exclusively in Spanish and any written in other languages were deemed null and void. The usage of any other language was forbidden in schools, in advertising, and on road and shop signs. Publications in other languages were generally forbidden, though citizens continued to speak other languages in private.
This was the situation throughout the forties and, to a lesser extent, during the fifties, but after 1960 the non-Castilian Spanish languages were freely spoken and written and reached books, plays, and films. Even so, non-Castilian languages continued to be discouraged and never received official status: all government, notarial, legal and commercial documents were still drawn up exclusively in Spanish and any written in other languages were deemed null and void.
Additionally, the popularization of the compulsory national educational system and the development of modern mass media, both controlled by the State and in Spanish language, and heavily reduced the number of speakers of Basque, Catalan and Galician, as happened during the second half of the twentieth century with other European minority languages which were not officially protected like Scottish Gaelic or French Breton. By the 1970s the majority of the population in the urban areas could not speak in the minority language or, as in some Catalan towns, their use had been abandoned. The most endangered case was the Basque language. By the 1970s Basque had reached the point where any further reduction in the number of Basque speakers would have not guaranteed the necessary generational renewal and it is now recognised that the language would have disappeared in only a few more decades. This was the main reason that drove the Francoist provincial government of Alava to create a network of Basque medium schools (Ikastola) in 1973 which were State financed.
Catholicism in its most conservative variant was made the official religion of the Spanish State, which enforced Catholic social mores. The remaining nomads of Spain (Gitanos and Mercheros like El Lute) were especially affected. The Spanish State enforced Catholic behavior mainly by using a law (the Ley de Vagos y Maleantes, Vagrancy Act) enacted by Azaña[17]. Civil servants had to be Catholic, and some official jobs even required a "good behavior" statement by a priest. Civil marriages which had taken place under Republican Spain were declared null and void and had to be reconfirmed by the Catholic Church of Spain. Civil marriages were only possible after the couple made a public renunciation to the Catholic Church. Divorce, contraceptives and abortion were forbidden. From 1954 onwards, homosexuality, pedophilia, and prostitution were criminal offenses[18], although the enforcement of this was seldom consistent.
Francoism professed a devotion to the traditional role of women in society, that is: loving child to her parents and brothers, faithful to her husband, residing with her family. Official propaganda confined her role to family care and motherhood. Immediately after the war the situation of women suddenly became adverse, because most progressive laws passed by the Republic were made void, correspondingly. Women could not become judges, or testify in trial. They could not become university professors. Their affairs and economy had to be managed by their father or by their husbands. Until the 1970s a woman could not have a bank account without a co-sign by her father or husband. In the 1960s and 1970s the situation was somewhat relieved, but it was not until Franco's death that a true equality with men became law.
Although a self-proclaimed monarchist, Franco had no particular desire for a king, due to his strained relations with the legitimate heir of the Crown, Don Juan de Borbón. Therefore, he left the throne vacant, with himself as de facto regent. In 1947 Franco proclaimed Spain a monarchy, through the Ley de Sucesión en la Jefatura del Estado act, but did not designate a monarch. Instead, he set the basis for his succession. This gesture was largely done to appease monarchist factions within the Movimiento. He wore the uniform of a captain general (a rank traditionally reserved for the King), resided in the royal Pardo Palace, appropriated the kingly privilege of walking beneath a canopy, and his portrait appeared on most Spanish coins. Indeed, although his formal titles were Jefe del Estado (Head of State) and Generalísimo de los Ejércitos Españoles (Generalissimo of the Spanish Armed Forces), he was referred to as Caudillo de España por la gracia de Dios, (by the Grace of God, the Leader of Spain). Por la Gracia de Dios is a technical, legal formulation which states sovereign dignity in absolute monarchies, and had only been used by monarchs before Franco used it himself. The long-delayed selection of Juan Carlos de Borbón as Franco's official successor in 1969 was an unpleasant surprise for many interested parties, as Juan Carlos was the rightful heir for neither the Carlists nor the Legitimists[citation needed].
See also: Economic history of Spain: Economy under Franco
The Civil War had ravaged the Spanish economy. Infrastructure had been damaged, workers killed, and daily business severely hampered. For more than a decade after Franco's victory, the economy improved little. Franco initially pursued a policy of autarky, cutting off almost all international trade. The policy had devastating effects, and the economy stagnated. Only black marketeers could enjoy an evident affluence.
In 1940, the "Vertical Trade Union" was created; it was inspired by the ideas of José Antonio Primo de Rivera[citation needed], who thought that class struggle would be ended by grouping together workers and owners according to corporative principles. It was the only legal trade union, and was under government control. Other trade unions were forbidden and strongly repressed along with political parties outside the FET-JONS.
On one occasion, a Czech engineer and con-man managed to convince the general that with the waters of the River Jarama and certain herbs and secret powders, Spain could get all the petroleum it needed. On another, he was convinced of a plan to solve the country's terrible hunger of the 1940s by feeding the population of 30 million with dolphin sandwiches. (La Memoria Insumisa, Nicolás Sartorius y Javier Alfaya, 1999). Indeed in the background of these economic policies some 200,000 people died of hunger in the early years of Francoism, a period known as Los Años de Hambre (the Years of Hunger).
On the brink of bankruptcy, a combination of pressure from the USA, the IMF and technocrats from Opus Dei managed to "convince" the regime to adopt a free market economy in 1959 in what amounted to a mini coup d'etat which removed the old guard in charge of the economy, despite the opposition of Franco. This economic liberalisation was not, however, accompanied by political reforms and repression continued unabated, though these very reforms would lead to socio-economic changes in Spanish society which would make the regime's continuation 16 years later untenable.[citation needed]
Economic growth picked up after 1959 after Franco took authority away from these ideologues and gave more power to the apolitical technocrats. The country implemented several development policies and growth took off creating the "Spanish Miracle". Concurrent with the absence of social reforms, and the economic power shift, a tide of mass emigration commenced: to European countries, and to lesser extent, to South America. Emigration helped the Régime in two ways: the country got rid of surplus population, and the emigrants supplied the country with much needed monetary remittances.
During the 1960s, the population, mainly the wealthier segments, experienced further increases in wealth, particularly those who remained politically faithful. International firms established their factories in Spain: salaries were low, taxes nearly non existent, strikes were forbidden, labour health or real state regulations were unheard of, and Spain was virtually a virgin market. Spain became the second-fastest growing economy in the world, just behind Japan). The rapid development of this period became known as the Spanish Miracle. At the time of Franco's death, Spain still lagged behind most of Western Europe, but the gap between its GDP per capita and that of the major Western European economies had greatly narrowed; in world terms, Spain was already enjoying a fairly high material standard of living with basic but comprehensive services. However, the period between the mid 1970s and mid 1980s was to prove difficult as, in addition to the oil shocks to which Spain was highly exposed, the settling of the new political order took priority over the modernising of the economy.
In Spain and abroad, the legacy of Franco remains controversial. In Germany a squadron named after Werner Mölders has been renamed, because as a pilot he led the escorting units in the bombing of Guernica. As recently as 2006, the BBC reported that Maciej Giertych, an MEP of the right-wing League of Polish Families, had expressed admiration for Franco's stature who allegedly "guaranteed the maintenance of traditional values in Europe."[19]
But this is not the most shared opinion. Several statues of Franco and other public Francoist symbols have been removed, with the last statue in Madrid coming down in 2005.[20] Additionally, the Permanent Commission of the European Parliament "firmly" condemned in a resolution unanimously adopted in March 2006 the "multiple and serious violations" of human rights committed in Spain under the Francoist regime from 1939 to 1975.[21][22] The resolution was at the initiative of the MEP Leo Brincat and of the historian Luis María de Puig, and is the first international official condemnation of the repression enacted by Franco's regime.[21] The resolution also urged to provide public access to historians (professional and amateurs) to the various archives of the Francoist regime, including those of the Fundación Francisco Franco which, as well as other Francoist archives, remain as of 2006 inaccessible to the public.[21] Furthermore, it urged the Spanish authorities to set up an underground exhibition in the Valle de los Caídos monument, in order to explain the "terrible" conditions in which it was built.[21] Finally, it proposes the construction of monuments to commemorate Franco's victims in Madrid and other important cities.[21]
In Spain, a commission to repair the dignity and restitute the memory of the victims of Francoism (Comisión para reparar la dignidad y restituir la memoria de las víctimas del franquismo) was approved in the summer of 2004, and is directed by the vice-president María Teresa Fernández de la Vega.[21]
The late Franco was a prominent and frequent subject of jokes on early episodes of Saturday Night Live, see "Generalissimo Francisco Franco is still dead".
Because of his language policies, Franco's legacy is still particularly poorly perceived in Catalonia and the Basque Country. The Basque Country and Catalonia were among the regions that offered the strongest resistance to Franco in the Civil War, but one of the strongest to his support during this regime.
Recently the Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory (ARHM) initiated a systematic search for mass graves of people executed during Franco's regime, which has been supported since the PSOE's victory during the 2004 elections by José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's government. A Ley de la memoria histórica de España (Law on the Historical Memory of Spain) was passed in 2007.[23] The law is supposed to enforce an official recognition of the crimes committed against civilians during the Francoist rule and organize under state supervision the search for mass graves.
Coordinates: 41°18′00″N 0°44′56″W / 41.300°N 0.749°W


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The GeoMEast 2018 International Congress and Exhibition will be held in Cairo, Egypt, from 24 to 28 November under the patronage of Egyptian Prime Minister and Minister of Housing, Mostafa Madbouly, with the support of many local and international institutions and engineering associations.
The GeoMEast series is managed by the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE) and the Housing and Building National Research Centre (HBRC) and is supported by a number of leading international professional organisations.
The first edition of the GeoMEast2017 was inaugurated in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, with the attendance of more than 400 local and international experts from 70 countries around the world, specialised in construction and infrastructure, as well as representatives of the companies and industry-specific bodies operating in Egypt. The conference aims to spread knowledge and work on the transfer of modern technology which can be implemented in national projects carried out by the Egyptian state.
About 30 international companies specialised in geosynthetics engineering and sustainable infrastructure will participate in the conference.
The CEO of SSIGE and secretary general of the conference, Hany Farouk Shehata, said, "GeoMEast 2018 is the first international forum to be held in Egypt and the Arab world to bring together Arab and foreign specialists from many countries in order to contribute to the development of Arab countries' strategies in achieving sustainable development. In addition, this will maximise the output of national projects implemented by Arab countries, especially the Egyptian state, including the Suez Canal axis area, the New Administrative Capital, New El Alamein, national roads, and many other national projects."

subset: commoncrawl


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Blogging the 'Vanishing' of New York City
Tim Teeman goes behind the scenes with Jeremiah Moss (actually a pseudonym, reports Teeman), who runs the popular and incendiary blog Vanishing New York. (Planetizen has shared the work of Vanishing New York before, when Moss argued that the High Line is an example of the ill effects of hyper gentrification.)
Here's how Teeman describes the project of the blog: "Moss is cataloging the disappearance of small stores and local restaurants from New York's streets and neighborhoods as rent hikes force them out and chain coffee shops and big, shiny, glass condos and office spaces replace them."
Where blogs with pro-development politics, like New York YIMBY or Curbed, embrace many of the ongoing changes in urban areas like New York City, Jeremiah's Vanishing New York argues that recent trends of New York's urban experience are actually more in line with the trends of that "dirty word"—suburban.
Moss is quoted directly on that point in the article: "Suddenly a suburbanized Middle America was taking over what had been a long-standing pocket of eccentricity and bohemianism….That thing I left the suburbs to get away from is now at our gates.
Throughout the post, Teeman pushes back on Moss's politics, providing a compelling point-counterpoint.


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I used to use yet another app and as far as sync went I had to completely give it up. With this app I have not had that challenge. Amongst the recommended kinds of loans are payday loans, installment loans, payday loans for bad credit, loans with bad credit, personal loans, short term loans and more. Trackwealth will support that Personal Finance Aggregation, On the web Individual Finance , Cash Manager, Personal Money Management, Asset Management, Private Expense Management, On the net Asset Tracking, Bank Account Aggregation. For payday variety of loans, private sort of loans, cash advance and installment sort of loans, Personal Money Store is relied on in linking you with several possible loan providers to present you all these factors.
It permits you to manage your personal finances you have the capability to track earnings, expenditures and all bank transactions. With the basic and quick procedure of application, the loan providers have the capability of placing dollars to your savings or checking economic account. It enables you to handle expenditures, banks and a handful of other factors, but it is aimed at the newbie who has under no circumstances applied this form of software. You truly put work into explaining every computer software and I thank you for sharing the info.


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Benefits module- recognition of married employees
Benefits Module: When two employees are married and work for the same company there are special rules that reside.
Benefits Module: When two employees are married and work for the same company there are special rules that reside.
1) Need to identify the employees are duals working at the same company.
2) Special benefit plans are offered, and only one can elect the special plan with a 0 deduction and the other elects a standard plan with costs.
3) Dual empls cannot waive out of health coverage.
Is there anyway to identify that two married employee's work for the same company and have the Benefits module recognize this connection?
Yes. You will need to implement some custom procedures to deal with you issues. Since I don't know your exact set up, the following are general guidelines to how you can manage the issue.
1) It would be necessary to define a location in the system for the connection. This could either be a custom table of an infotype. Store the dated information with the SAP ID of their spouse.
2) Create the logic for the conditions defined above.
3) Customize your dynamic actions to check the logic when modifying health coverage, infotype 0167.
4) Customize your benefit user exit(s) a list are as follows:
PBEN0001 Feature BAREA PBEN0002 Feature BENGR PBEN0003 Feature BSTAT PBEN0004 Feature CSTV1 PBEN0005 Feature CRDV1 PBEN0006 Feature ELIGR PBEN0007 Feature TRMTY PBEN0008 Function HR_BEN_CALC_BENEFIT_COST PBEN0009 Function HR_BEN_CALC_BENEFIT_CREDIT PBEN0010 Function HR_BEN_CALC_BENEFIT_SALARY PBEN0011 Function HR_BEN_CALC_COVERAGE_AMOUNT PBEN0012 Form CALC_ELIG_DATE PBEN0013 Form CALC_TERM_DATE PBEN0014 Function HR_BEN_CALC_SAVE_ER_CONTRIB PBEN0015 Form CHECK_ELIG_SERVICE PBEN0016 Function HR_BEN_CALC_PARTICIPATION_DATE PBEN0017 Feature EVTGR PBEN0018 Feature COVGR PBEN0019 Feature EECGR PBEN0020 Feature ERCGR PBEN0021 Funtionmodule HR_BEN_CALC_SPEN_ER_CONRIB PBEN0022 Function HR_BEN_GET_PROCESS_DATES PBEN0023 Function HR_BEN_CALC_CUTOFF_AGE PBEN0024 Function HR_BEN_CALC_CUTOFF_LOS PBEN0025 Function HR_BEN_CALC_CUTOFF_SAL PCOB0001 COBRA Letter PCOB0004 Form HR_BEN_COB_GET_TOTAL_COSTS
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{image via Oh Happy Day}
I love, love, love peonies. The color is so pretty, and I love all the layered petals.
I planted a peony bulb earlier in the spring and it sprouted, but no buds yet. I might just have to follow Jordan's advice and buy a bundle to enjoy.
I'll show you my traveling mini-garden soon - once things start blooming!
What are your favorite flowers?


text: peter We love because God first loved us 1 John 4:7-21 Posted on July 25, 2016 These three last forever – faith, hope and love. And the greatest of these is love. (1 Corinthians 13:13) God loves us so much 11 Dear friends, since God so loved us, we also ought to love one another. God is love. Whoever lives in… Read More


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Virtual Wheels is Australia's online home of the latest car sales, technology automotive news and reviews.
We are interested in the latest trends as well as nostalgia. Old cars and new, your restoration work and your new purchases as well as the day to day pleasure of driving around in your Vols Wagon or trucking the kids around in the Kia Carnival. Whatever your interest in cars, is our interest in cars.
The Australian car producing industry is one of Australia's most forward thinking commercial ventures. It's contribution to the economy goes well beyond the assaembly line.
Today's auto industry comprises of three major multinational makers of engine vehicles: Ford, General Motors Holden (GMH) and Toyota, not to mention the the many parts makers, going from small Australian makers to organisations that are likewise backups of huge multinationals.
The automotive industry engages over 50,000 people in employment, of which around 17,000 work at Ford, GMH and Toyota. Never-the-less, thje future is uncertain.
As has been noted elsewhere in the media, Ford will stop producing operations in 2016. Today Australia creates just around 225,000 engine vehicles (down from memorable highs of more than 407,000 as of late as 2004). In an industry where economies of scale are critical in maintaining competitiveness, the present volume is a genuine concern.
Her at Virtual Wheels, we are keen to keep the dream alove and brag about the industry. Even if it all goes down shitters ditch, we will still brag about that.
Here you can search for car technology, maintenance, industry trade news and career information as well as find a car to buy in NSW, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, South Australia, Northern Territory and, Victoria, I suppose.
Contact Us[contact-form][contact-field label='Name' type='name' required='1'/][contact-field label='Email' type='email' required='1'/][contact-field label='Comment' type='textarea' required='1'/][/contact-form]


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Amy Kuretsky is a Licensed Acupuncturist at Constellation Acupuncture & Healing Arts, a North Loop Minneapolis clinic offering Chinese medicine, energywork, coaching, tarot, and more. We believe bodies have the ability to self-heal. We're here to help guide the process.
Amy has a strong interest in supporting patients with the overlap between digestive and emotional wellness, shaped by her own experiences managing Crohn's disease with acupuncture, herbs, and mindfulness. Amy is also a health coach, passionate about helping creative entrepreneurs find their own personal brand of balance in order to stay sane and healthy.
–Modalities offered: Acupuncture, Herbs, Breathwork, Coaching, Tarot, Energy Medicine
–Specialties: Digestive disorders, headaches and migraines, anxiety and depression
Other Information
|Zip/Post Code:
|8:00 AM to 8:00 PM Monday-Friday, 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM Saturday
|Provider Name:
|Licensed Acupuncturist
|Provider Type
|Acupuncture & Chinese Medicine Practitioner,
|Provider's Sexual Orientation
|Straight / Heterosexual,
|Provider's Gender
|Cis Woman,
|Provider's Race
|Specialties and Experience
|Eating Disorders,Mental Health,Substance Abuse,Tobacco Cessation,
|Languages Spoken by Provider
|Insurance by Provider


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And we're back from another awesome weekend. Those two words just go together....awesome weekend. We celebrated our upcoming wedding again this weekend with a couple's shower. Tired of wedding talk yet?? Come back in like 26ish days.
We had a fun night celebrating with our friends and enough food to feed a village. No seriously. There was so much food it was crazy but oh so yummy!
Now I have lots of thank you notes to get out in the mail this week. And I have a meeting with the caterer in just a bit to go over that. We still have two major things to cross off the wedding list. I'm kind of ashamed to even mention what those two things are until they are done. I never thought I would say this but I'm pretty ready to get this wedding over with. I'm ready for Sept 14th about the time the preacher says "You may now kiss your bride". Then I can finally breath again...but not too much or my dress may pop. And then we can enjoy our reception and party!


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The Twin Brother Of Stephanie Scott's Murderer Apologises In Interview
The twin brother of Stephanie Scott's murderer has apologised for his crime in an on-air interview with Channel 9.
Marcus Stanford was interviewed outside his home on the Yorke Peninsula, and apologised for selling Stephanie Scott's engagement ring and graduation ring, and for getting rid of her driver's licence after his brother Vincent insisted he do so.
RELATED: Horrifying Details Of Stephanie Scott's Murder Revealed In Court For The First Time
"I would like to say sorry for what I've done, and for the hurt I've caused the family," Stanford said.
"It's over now and I hope I won't cause anymore trouble.
"I'm incredibly sorry, I did a really stupid thing and unfortunately I can't take it back."
RELATED: Recording Reveals Twins' Sick Pact Over Stephanie Scott's Murder
Vincent Stanford had been waiting for a 12-year-old child at the school where Stephanie Scott taught, but he came across Stephanie Scott instead. When he discovered her, he went home, got his rape kit, and came back. After raping and murdering her, he dumped her body in Cocoparra National Park, and mailed her engagement ring, graduation ring and driver's licence to Marcus and asked him to get rid of them.
The two pieces of jewellery sold for $705, and Marcus Stanford was charged with accessory to murder after the fact last year. He was sentenced to a year and three months in prison for his crime, and was recently released on September 9.
Vincent and Marcus Stanford's father Steve Stanford also admits he 'doesn't understand why' Vincent raped and murdered Stephanie Scott.


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Belfast Telegraph Sports Awards: Legend Dennis Taylor honoured to enter our Hall of Fame
It may have been 32 years ago, but virtually every day someone will speak to Dennis Taylor about that iconic black ball finish against Steve Davis.
You know the one - 1985 World Championship final at the Crucible, with the score 17 frames each, ashen-faced Davis missing a chance he would normally take and Taylor coming to the table to sink the pot that would win him the biggest title in snooker. Cue above his head in celebration, finger wagging and 18.5 million people glued to their television screens well after midnight.
It remains one of sport's most thrilling, nail-biting and magical moments and one that Dennis never tires speaking about. Just as well.
Taylor is a Northern Ireland sporting great and while that victory is the stand-out memory of his playing career, he also enjoyed other notable successes, not least another stunning comeback victory against compatriot Alex Higgins in the 1987 Masters. He is now a revered commentator for the BBC and throughout it all has been a tremendous ambassador for this country.
Little wonder then that so many people were delighted to see him inducted into the Hall of Fame at last night's Belfast Telegraph Sports Awards.
And all this from a fascination as a youngster growing up in Coalisland with a game he will forever be associated with.
"I was only eight or nine and I walked past the snooker club, someone had opened the door and I saw these coloured balls whizzing around on a green cloth table," the 68-year-old recalled.
"I had no idea what the game was and it just fascinated me. I thought I would love to see what was going on so they let me in to watch the grown-ups play. I would hold the rest and if anyone needed it I would hand it to them. Eventually they let me stand on a lemonade box to take shots and that was my introduction into snooker."
Practising when he could, Taylor became adept at snooker and billiards. By the time he was 14, he was the best at both in his home town. Leaving school at 15, he moved to England when he was 17, won the junior British Billiards Championship the following year and turned snooker professional in 1972.
Slowly but surely, Taylor established himself in the game and reached his first World Championship final against Welshman Terry Griffiths in 1979.
"I played well that year and was favourite to win the final, but didn't do it. It was a bitter pill to swallow," said Taylor.
"I had to wait six years to play in another World Championship final."
It proved to be worth the wait. A few months previously, Taylor had won his first big tournament - the Grand Prix at the Hexagon - inspired by the memory of his mum Annie, who had died suddenly weeks before.
Next would come the most talked about World Championship decider ever.
"I played superbly throughout that tournament in 1985 but in the final when I went 8-0 down to Steve Davis, I don't think anybody gave me much hope. Throughout it all, though, I never gave up and by the end of day one I was only 9-7 down," he said.
"On the second day of the final it went to the final frame and the final black. Steve had a great opportunity to cut it in and I don't think anyone thought he would miss. The pressure was so intense. He overcompensated and hit it too thin.
"The one that was left for me was easier. I took ages on that shot. When the black went in it is hard to describe how I felt. I had spent 13 years trying to become World champion and suddenly had done it and the way I had done it was incredible. I was stamping the cue as well as putting it over my head. You just don't know how you will react in a situation like that.
"To this day people seem to remember that match more than any other. There is always someone who will say to me about that night.
"There was a great moment once when I was picking my son up from Manchester airport at around 5.30am. I'm stood half asleep at my car waiting for him and this fellow was getting his family in their car and he shouted my name. He had his glasses upside down, an imaginary cue over his head and he was wagging his finger at me. I thought if somebody is prepared to do that at half five in the morning, that will do for me.
"I don't think I realised how much it meant to people until the years passed by. Steve is fantastic about it. He says he will remember our match more than the six World titles he won. The two of us do the odd dinner and speak together and re-enact the final frame which is a bit of a mickey take. It is part of snooker history.
"The three best moments in my career were the World Championship, the Grand Prix for my first major win and the Masters when I beat Alex in the Benson and Hedges in front of 2,700 people at the Wembley Conference Centre.
"I was 8-5 down and went to the toilet. My good friend Trevor East had heard Alex's manager saying he was getting a dozen bottles of champagne to celebrate Alex winning his first tournament for two years.
"That was just the spur that I needed. I went back into the arena and was thinking Alex's manager was a bit ahead of himself and won the last four frames to win 9-8. The atmosphere was unbelievable that night. To win that final was very special."
Dennis retired from the professional scene in 2000, having played across four decades.
He added: "I like to think I went out in real style playing in the Nations Cup for Northern Ireland. We were playing Scotland and my last two televised matches were against Stephen Hendry and John Higgins.
"I beat Stephen on the pink and then against John Higgins I broke off and he made his first ever maximum break, so it was a good way to go out.
"I've had a great time and now to be inducted into the Hall of Fame at the Belfast Telegraph Sports Awards is fantastic. To follow in the footsteps of so many sporting legends and great ambassadors for Northern Ireland is a wonderful honour."
Related Content
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- Classy Carl Frampton shines brightest of all at Belfast Telegraph Sports Awards
- Belfast Telegraph Sports Awards: Northern Ireland score big after a truly glorious 2016
- Belfast Telegraph Sports Awards: Ireland centurion Best and golden girl Firth stand tall after history-making heroics
- Belfast Telegraph Sports Awards: Special delivery for Jonathan Rea and Kris Meeke


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Malaysian International Toys Fair 2010
It's all about TOYS! TOYS! AND MORE TOYS!
Blasting off on 24th July -25th July 2010, The Malaysia International Toy Fair will be a major platform to showcase toys and interesting model collections that cater to all ages, both young and old.
The Malaysia International Toy Fair will feature an onslaught of activities and exhibitions from related cultures as well, encompassing Toys, Models, Collections, Games, Comics, Animation, Design & Cosplay from both the local and international scene.
And there's heapssssss of great artists featuring from all over the world - Bigbros feat. Devilrobots, Doo Dolls, Dweey, Wanton Doodle, Pipit, Animax, Allen Rosa, Wrecker Tike, Danot, Bah!, Wanton Doodle, Gubi Papertoys and so much more.
This year, Eightyfourcube Studio Gallery is proud to announce to be one of the official media partners for Malaysian International Toys Fair 2010! So make sure you hit your facebooks, twitter and down here for the latest updates on artists participating at MITF 2010 and be sure to look out for giveaways!
So visit www.malaysiatoysfair.com for more details and be sure to be there to visit us :)
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Beach Hotels: Costa Tropical
- Approximate price: Cheapest | Luxury
- Stars: 1 star | 5 stars
- First name: A-z | Z-a
- Central: More central | Less central
- Services: More services
- User evaluation: Best rated
- BestSelling: Most popular
Best Alcázar
Camino de la Playa, s/n, Urbanización Marina del Este, 18690 La Herradura, Spain
Best Alcázar
La Herradura, 1.1 km from the city centre. Camino de la Playa, s/n, Urbanización Marina del Este See on map
The Hotel Best Alcazar has been opened in 2007. This great four-star hotel is located in the urbanization Marina del Este, 1.2 km from...
Playa Granada Club Resort
Rector Pascual Rivas Carrera, 1, Urbanización Playa Granada, 18613 Motril, Spain
Playa Granada Club Resort
Motril, 5 km from the city centre. Rector Pascual Rivas Carrera, 1, Urbanización Playa Granada See on map
The hotel offers 329 rooms, international-cuisine buffet, à la carte restaurant, beach bar (open subject to season, service not included...
Elba Motril Beach & Business
Avenida Playa del Poniente, s/n, 18600 Motril, Spain
Elba Motril Beach & Business
Motril, 3.1 km from the city centre. Avenida Playa del Poniente, s/n See on map
Elba Motril Beach & Business Hotel is located right in the heart of the Costa Tropical, one of the best areas of the coast of Granada,...
Salobreña Suites
Carretera Malaga-Almeria Km 323,, 18680 Salobrenya, Spain
Salobreña Suites
Salobrenya, 3.2 km from the city centre. Carretera Malaga-Almeria Km 323, See on map
The hotel comprises a 3 floor main building and a 6-floor annexe block, with altogether 195 rooms of which 181 are double rooms and 9 are...
ELE La Perla
Playa de Carchuna, s/n, 18730 Carchuna, Spain
ELE La Perla
Carchuna, 1.5 km from the city centre. Playa de Carchuna, s/n See on map
Located 32 km from Almuñecar and 45 km from Lanjarón, the 3-star Hotel ELE Perla de Andalucía is located in Calahonda in Motril, close to...
La Najarra
Guadix, 12, 18690 Almunyecar, Spain
La Najarra
Almunyecar, 530 m from the city centre. Guadix, 12 See on map
The La Najarra Hotel, located in ALMUÃÂ?ECAR, is perfect for enjoying a laid-back family holiday. Of particular note are the panoramic...
Playa Cotobro
Paseo de Cotobro, 1, 18690 Almunyecar, Spain
Playa Cotobro
Almunyecar, 2 km from the city centre. Paseo de Cotobro, 1 See on map
This modern beach hotel was built in 2009 and offers the latest amenities and a high level of functionality. The hotel displays a strong...
Bahía Almuñécar
Avenida Juan Carlos I, 9, 18690 Almunyecar, Spain
Bahía Almuñécar
Almunyecar, 270 m from the city centre. Avenida Juan Carlos I, 9 See on map
The BAHIA DE ALMUÑECAR HOTEL is conveniently located for the more popular areas of ALMUÑECAR. Of particular note are the panoramic views...
Almuñécar Playa Spa Hotel
Paseo San Cristobal, s/n , 18690 Almunyecar, Spain
Almuñécar Playa Spa Hotel
Almunyecar, 635 m from the city centre. Paseo San Cristobal, s/n See on map
The hotel has a buffet restaurant with show-cooking, themed outdoor pool, indoor pool, paddle court and a full daily entertainment...
Bahía Tropical
Paseo del Tesorillo, s/n - Playa del Pozuelo (Tamaray), 18690 Almunyecar, Spain
Bahía Tropical
Almunyecar, 2.8 km from the city centre. Paseo del Tesorillo, s/n - Playa del Pozuelo (Tamaray) See on map
This modern hotel comprises a main building with 3 floors as well as a 7-floor annexe building with 255 rooms, of which 227 are double...
What do you need?
Flights to Granada
Are you reserving a hotel room in Costa Tropical and have no way to get there? Book your flight now with Destinia!
We make it clear to you
Our search engine for hotels in Costa Tropical will show you the best prices, allowing you to find budget and economical hotels in Costa Tropical. You can make your booking immediately, with no queues or waits.
Our search engine enables you to book any type of hotel in the city of Costa Tropical, allowing you to select the best offers for either luxury hotels or a wide range of budget hotels and hostels in Costa Tropical. In order to do this, just enter the name of the city, choose the arrival and departure dates, select the number of occupants and type of room, and click on find hotels. As an extra option, you can also search by category and/or accommodation regime, from 'accommodation only' to 'all-inclusive'.
Once you have made the search for a hotel in Costa Tropical we will show you an extensive list of offers, ordered in accordance with our criteria. Obviously the results can also be ordered by name, category, approximate price or based on the evaluations by our clients. We also provide a small description of the accommodation in Costa Tropical that you selected, so that you can decide whether or not it responds to your expectations.
In the cheap hotels in Costa Tropical search results, you can filter and find hotels ranging from those with hot tubs to those with spas to allow you maximum relaxation. For instance, one of the most frequent queries to escape the summer heat are for hotels with pools. You will also find other types useful filters, such as those that select hotels with access for disabled people, with restaurants or with Internet access. Of course you can also find medium to high category accommodation, such as a four-star hotel in Costa Tropical.
In addition, we also provide you with the location of all the accommodation on a map, so that you can choose a hotel in the centre of Costa Tropical or near the place that interests you the most. We know that many of our clients want central hotels in Costa Tropical or those that are near certain points of interest, so if you want a hotel in Costa Tropical near a specific site, check out this filter as it could be useful.
On the other hand, our search engine also works to help you find more specific types of accommodation, such as a charming hotel in Costa Tropical. If you just want to spend a few days with your partner, you can also book romantic hotels in Costa Tropical. Our principal aim when you search for hotels in Costa Tropical is to provide you with the best offers and the highest quality.
The detailed information on each hotel includes its address, whether it has a minibar service, its telephone number and whether it offers free services.
Find your hotel in Costa Tropical now, with our cheap hotels search engine!


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How to Store a Trampoline. Trampoline owners who live in Northern regions often pack and store their trampolines during the winter months. Although disassembly is a large project, the extra care will prolong the life of the equipment.
Wash the trampoline with hot, soapy water and allow it to dry. This removes most of the insects and their larvae. You must wait until it is completely dry before you store the trampoline or it can mildew.
Buy 2 oversized plastic totes. For a standard 12-foot wide round trampoline, they each must hold a minimum of 50 gallons. If your trampoline is rectangular or wider than 12 feet, the totes must be larger. Many oversized totes come with wheels on the bottom. These are preferable, as the totes become heavy once the trampoline is inside. You can purchase one extremely large storage box instead, but consider the weight. You will not be able to move a complete trampoline setup packed in one box without assistance.
Find a home for the storage totes. This is much easier to do when they're empty. Since they will be heavy when filled, make room for them at ground level so you don't have to carry them up any stairs or grades. If possible, keep both totes in the same location.
Disassemble your trampoline. As you work, lay all pieces on the ground, sorted by type. Place all the trampoline springs in the bottom of 1 tote. Lay the framework, grouped by shape, into the totes neatly. You must "spoon" the pieces or they won't fit into 2 totes.
Spread out your padded spring collar, trampoline bed (jumping surface) and net separately in the yard. Lay several dryer sheets on each one. The dryer sheets discourage mice and insects from making a meal of your trampoline.
Roll each of the items in Step 5 into the smallest bundle possible. Rolling them keeps their mass smaller than folding. Place each item into a pillowcase and place the case into a tote. The pillowcase keeps them from becoming entangled or snagged on framework should the totes move around.
Place all ties into the gallon-sized zip seal bag and add the bag to a tote. Snap the lids on the totes. Clearly mark them "Trampoline: 1 of 2" and "Trampoline: 2 of 2."
Things You Will Need
- Oversized plastic tote bags
- Dryer sheets
- Pillow cases
- Plastic zip seal bag
Measure your longest piece. Take the measurement to the store when purchasing totes to ensure they're long enough to store your trampoline.


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The Dx3 2016 Conference Correspondent Whitepaper Presented by Sysomos summarizes some of the top speakers from Dx3 who inspired attendees to take action in their digital strategies.
In today's multi-platform digital world, retailers need to focus their energy on whether or not customers are choosing their brand. That's what Kamy Scarlett, Senior Vice President, Retail & Chief Human Resources Officer, and Thierry Hay-Sabourin, Vice President, eCommerce, at Best Buy Canada did when they operationalized change with an award-winning, omni-channel bricks and clicks strategy.
Scarlett and Hay-Sabourin started with a simple goal: make sure customers see one brand. They created a common, cross-company language around a "Total Retail" mentality. Customers, they knew, wanted a seamless, end-to-end experience that flows in whatever way they choose to interact with retailers.
This required them to change Best Buy's thinking and approach. When the brand launched in Canada, it did so with disparate channels — e-commerce and stores operated separately. They launched initiatives like: online community forums where customers could chat with each other, staff and the vendor community; one of Canada's first transactional retail apps for mobile phones, which included channel synergies like offering returns in-store through PayPal; and in-store pick up and kiosk programs.
While they always saw an immediate lift in sales that exceeded expectations with those programs, they were done so in isolation and, ultimately, they weren't as successful as they'd hoped. Why? They realized customers don't think in terms of channels and that they needed to break down natural silos that were limiting the success of their initiatives.
It was really only after Best Buy dropped the commission-based Future Shop brand that its efforts to operationalize change really began to take off. Each brand had unique in-store experiences, but with the recession in 2008, and as consumers increasingly shifted their shopping habits online, it was decided that the two brands would be consolidated under the Best Buy banner as their differentiation began to erode. That's when a new corporate culture started to develop.
"Our brand consolidation was a humbling experience for all of us," said Scarlett. "It's a big reminder for all retailers to let the customer's voice speak louder than any other."
The consolidation proved to be a critical milestone. Best Buy completely rebuilt business around the "Total Retail" approach — not e-commerce, not in-store, just retail. The focus became about customer convenience and choice, which led to the creation of a number of multichannel experiences interweaving online and in-store programs. Customers could buy items online and pick them up and pay in-store.
They could also add online items to in-store purchases through an integrated multichannel POS system. To maximize inventory issues across the chain, the retailer launched a "shift from store" initiative, which turns stores into a distribution center for the web. Every single piece of inventory Best Buy owns is available to any customer wherever they are, with guaranteed fast shipping. In essence, Scarlett and Hay-Sabourin combined online and in-store commerce to give customers a seamless "unite and delight" experience that allows them to interact with Best Buy in any way they choose.
"Our ability to execute as we got behind one brand with Best Buy got much stronger," said Hay-Sabourin. "It changed the nature of the roles we have in our stores — not just the interactions we have with our customers, but how we perform activities to support orders coming through the web."
The new integrated programs required further change to operations, with things like dedicated in-store pickup areas, dedicated employees for web orders, and dedicated pick-up parking spots. They also changed the layout of stores to accommodate resources, creating pack and ship areas. And, to promote the "Total Retail Mentality," they educated and gave role-clarity to all employees so processes would be aligned to properly support BestBuy's multichannel business, and create consistency across touch points. They also made sure to get buy-in from the brand's merchant organization.
"In order for us to be successful here it's only through the collaboration that starts at the top and exists throughout our teams," said Scarlett.
"We no longer think in terms of bricks or clicks, we think in terms of bricks and clicks."


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A podcast of a lecture by leading theologian Marilyn McCord Adams has been made available - looking at the conflict within global Anglicanism.
The talk is entitled: "Leaven in the Lump of Lambeth: Spiritual Temptations, Ecclesial Opportunities"
It is now available at:
This lecture was given to members of the Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement (LGCM) at their Annual Conference in London, United Kingdom on Saturday 21 April 2007.
Marilyn McCord Adams is Regius Professor of Divinity and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. She is an American ordained in the Episcopal Church in 1987 and a contributor to Gays and the Future of Anglicanism (Editors, Andrew Linzey and Richard Kirker).
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Robert Bruce returns to giving live public events with whole-day seminars on Kundalini and Ascension and The Way Of The Master, at UWA lecture theatre, Perth, West Australia, on 10th October 2015.
Category: Products
Products & Services
Update on Robert Bruce's web presence
I am in the process of redeveloping my forum site at www.astraldynamics.org (aka .com.au). The first stage is now complete, which was the migration of all my web facilities to a new high quality 'managed' VPS on a very fast server, hosted by www.urljet.com. The 'managed' aspect means that expert support is always on hand, which is very fast and most issues can be resolved in under ten minutes…saving me a lot of headaches.
Robert Bruce's new eBook
Robert Bruce's new E Book is now available
Violet Ray for Mole Removal
The violet ray is a devise invented by Nikola Tesla, and recommended by Edgar Cayce, for the removal of moles and skin blemishes, among other things. A combination of methods, including the violet ray, caster oil, and blue pen method, work best.
Loving Yourself – Powerful Magic
You may have heard that Love is the Greatest Power in the universe. But How do you tap into that to create harmony in your life? Find out HOW with a brilliant self-love program created by my friend, Kerri Kannan. Continue reading Loving Yourself – Powerful Magic
The Great Cholesterol Deception
Following is a copy of Dr. Peter Dingle's newsletter, introducing his new book. Fascinating reading and well referenced to modern scientific studies. The great cholesterol deception is huge and it directly affects all of us, including you. Continue reading The Great Cholesterol Deception
Last chance to register November PAPI online workshop
The November PAPI (practical energy work and astral projection intensive) 5 week online workshop is about to start. We are still taking bookings over the weekend, probably until Wednesday 17th. Continue reading Last chance to register November PAPI online workshop
Reverse diabetes in 30 days with raw food
I am one of the growing number of people in the world who have reversed diabetes (type 2) using raw food. Raw food can also be used to help heal many other diseases. Wellness is everything.
Manifestation and Self Healing DVD Promotion
This video is the new HD promotion for MASH — a 4 disk DVD set filmed during my 2009 Edgar Cayce Foundation conference. The focus is on manifestation, energy work, and self healing. This program is now available as a digital download, or as physical 4 x DVD set, from AstralBob.com
Two great altered state sound albums for $1.00 each
Here's a great opportunity to grab two new altered state inducing sound albums for $1.00 each download – created by J.S. Epperson
Continue reading Two great altered state sound albums for $1.00 each
Scientific tests on OBE
An interesting study by Charles Tart on OBE related sleep studies
Gabriel Method – weightloss solution
The Gabriel Method is a wonderful and effective weight loss solution without dieting
David Wolfe's Longevity Now DVD part #2
David Wolfe's Longevity Experience workshop DVD series, part #2
Longevity Experience #1
David Wolfe's Longevity Experience workshop is being released in parts. Here's a link to parts #1
Manifestation and Self-Healing DVD by Robert Bruce
A DVD on Manifestation and Self-Healing (MASH) Filmed during Robert's 3 day 2009 conference at the Edgar Cayce Foundation Virginia Beach, USA. This 3 DVD set is planned for release around April 2010. Please direct all inquiries to MASH @ astraldynamics.com Watch the MASH promo in the video player on this blog.


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Child Activities
Our youngest members, aged up to about 2 years, occupy beautifully spacious, fully equipped playrooms with dedicated areas for changing.
We are very proud of our Baby suites where our babies are cared for by a long standing team of highly qualified and experienced Nursery Nurses. Our staff are carefully selected for their abilities and expertise with young babies.
We are very particular about standards of hygiene and throughout the Nursery, extra care and attention is taken. For example, all the toys and equipment used are washed with anti-bacterial solution or soaked in sterilising liquid on a regular basis (especially those toys put into mouths).
Dishwashers are used to ensure sterilisation of all cups, dishes and cutlery.
For babies being weaned their first foods are introduced in close consultation with parents. We are then able to offer a wide variety of nutritious home made baby foods specially prepared from fresh vegetables and fruit, with the gradual introduction of fish and meats (again in close liaison with parents). For our babies who are weaning we offer a cooked tea which is blended to suit the child's capabilities.
Every effort is made in the communication between staff and parents to ensure complete confidence is maintained. Diaries/Day books are kept carefully in order that concise information about food intake, sleep times, and any other happenings can be given to parents on a daily basis.
The developmental activities for children in the Baby suite are planned on a weekly basis using the Early Years Foundation Stage Guidance by staff who have been trained in child development.
For children aged 0 – 2 years we provide a staff to child ratio of 1:3. As the babies in the Nursery become more and more confident on their feet and progress towards more social and gregarious play, we gradually introduce them to the next stages of development in the toddler age group (2-3 years).
As the children approach three, they begin to encounter a very simple structure to their day and will be given a wide variety of early learning experiences.
Working hand in hand with the EYFS, the educational development is overseen by our qualified Nursery Nurses on a day to day basis.
Planning for the toddlers follows the same format as pre-school and is tailored to meet the needs of the individual children each day.
The children in the Toddler room have lots of fun and their daily routines include planning for their individual interests through language development, singing, art and craft, imaginative play, dance and pencil/scissor control skills.
The children are given lots of help and re-assurance when they start toilet training and we work closely with our parents, during this important stage, so as to make it as smooth as possible.
The staff in this area have been selected for their experience with children of this age and to ensure that encouragement and cuddles are plentiful.
For children aged between 2 to 3 years we provide a staff to child ratio of 1:4.
In the pre-school, our older children (up to 5years) are taught, cared for and supervised by a team of fully qualified and experienced staff.
We use the six areas of learning from the EYFS to plan for each child and promote development on an individual basis.
We combine this with lots of fun and games to promote play with other children and social development.
Within our pre-school room we have an interactive whiteboard which is used as a teaching aid for staff when discussing topics with children. The children can also use it for activities or accessing Education City which is a website designed for children to learn about Letters and Sounds. When joining pre-school parents are given a log in code for the website and it can be accessed at home.
All areas of learning are equally important and underpinned by their key person.
For children aged 3 + years we provide a staff ratio of 1:8


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Spaghetti with Beefy Red Wine SauceFrom chiieddy 12 years ago
- About 1 lb ground beef shopping list
- 14 oz of diced tomatoes shopping list
- 1 small can of tomato sauce shopping list
- cooked spaghetti (about 8 oz) shopping list
- red wine shopping list
- italian seasoning shopping list
- ground black pepper shopping list
- basil shopping list
- italian seasoning shopping list
- onion powder shopping list
- Minced garlic shopping list
How to make it
- Brown a package of ground beef
- Toss in about 1/2 a 14 oz can of diced tomatos and one small can of tomato sauce
- Add red wine
- Season to taste with black pepper, red pepper, and other spices
- Simmer for a bit
- Toss in spaghetti
- Eat
People Who Like This Dish 7
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- chiieddy Saugus, US
- Show up here?Review or Bookmark it! ✔
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MoodleBites SQL Reporting
What do others say having taken this course...
"Been a fantastic 8 weeks overall. Very impressed. Pleased that I found a Moodle training course (whole 8 weeks) that could develop my knowledge." (Anonymous feedback)
"I am thankful for the contribution you are making to the community of Moodlers." (Anonymous feedback)
"I really like the "more useful queries" and found the Date and Time information quite valuable ... wish I had completed the Date & Time module before trying it on my own for work " (Anonymous feedback)
"very useful information and tips" (Anonymous feedback)
MoodleBites SQL Reporting is 8 weeks in duration and is delivered completely online, asynchronously, in a current stable release Moodle environment. Each week contains approximately 2-4 hours work, although this varies depending on your knowledge and experience with Moodle and SQL.
During this course you will actually create your own project - a miniature CMS (Course Management System) developed in MySQL based around Moodle !
This course is not suitable for Teachers, unless you are also administering your Moodle site, and want to learn about SQL queries and reporting. This is a semi-technical courses for people who administer their organisations (or own) Moodle site.
You MUST be able to install a Moodle testing site or local site on your own computer as part of this course.
Designed for people who are currently Administering a Moodle site (or will do in the future) and would like to use the power of SQL queries and reporting.
- This course is developed and facilitated by Bernd Martin, SQL specialist with HRDNZ (Moodle Partner)
FeeMoodleBites SQL Reporting fee is US$499 per person - at this time we are able to offer a discount to a special rate of USD $399 We can only schedule this course twice a year, so places on this course fill very quickly (and we have strict maximum numbers) - so book early to avoid disappointment. If you wish to translate this value to your local currency please visit: http://www.xe.com/ All invoices are in US Dollars (USD$), Euro invoices available by special request.You can register for this course using the "Register Now" link on the Front Page.
DatesThe MoodleBites SQL Reporting runs just twice each year starting on the following dates;
- 1st April
- 1st October
In covering the content, each course includes:
- Forums
- Practical 'real world' examples
- Lessons with step-by-step instructions
- Extensive screenshots
- FAQ's and glossaries
- Individual practice exercises
- Optional group activities
- 'Tips and Tricks'
- "Gotchas..." avoiding the things it's easy to get wrong!
- Selected relevant links
- Quizzes and self-test questions
- Recommended further reading
- 'Certificate of Completion' from HRDNZ authorised Moodle Partner
- Open Badge awarded on completion
MoodleBites SQL Reporting is unique for a number of reasons:
- It has a focus on the practical use of SQL queries and reporting specifically on a Moodle site.
- The course development team is international and the course has been written to be highly accessible for speakers of English as a second or other language.
- Designed to run well even over slow Internet connections and on older computers.
- Mobile friendly course design.
Course content outline
- Week 1, Introduction to Apache, MySQL and PHP
Many people who administer their school or organisation Moodle site may be very IT literate, but not necessarily a network engineer or webmaster. This course introduces and explains the basics of the environment within which a Moodle site is installed and runs.
- Setting up a local Moodle test site (Linux, Windows, Mac)
- Introduction to Apache
- Introduction to MySQL
- Introduction to PHP
- Week 2, Terminals and the Moodle database
Although plugins and pretty GUI's promise to make the task of querying a database easy, this is only true if you understand the underlying database design. Here we explore a number of tools and the Moodle database in detail as a foundation for later work.
- Installing and using MySQL
- Terminals - how and why we use them
- Overview of the Moodle database
- Creating a MySQL database
- Week 3, Building a MySQL database
MySQL (Structure Query Language) has hundreds of commands, operators, and syntax rules. Here we introduce the main functions you can use to query a MySQL database.
- Managing a MySQL database
- Common SQL clauses including: Create, Add, Drop, Describe, Insert, Update, Replace, Delete
- Introducing SELECT queries
- Week 4, Building powerful SQL SELECT queries
The SQL SELECT query is so fundamental that we look at this in detail, exploring many of the options and abilities of this powerful command. SELECT retrieves data from one or more tables, or expressions and usually have no persistent effect on the database.
- Everything you need to know about SELECT queries
- SELECT clauses including; FROM, WHERE, HAVING, and GROUP BY
- Everything you need to know about SELECT queries
- Week 5, Advanced MySQL queries and the Moodle database
After mastering the basics here we look at some more advanced queries and reporting.
This week we move from using our 'project model' database and start interrogating a real Moodle database !
- Sub queries
- SQL operators
- Exporting and Importing a Moodle database for querying
- Advanced queries
- Week 6, Reporting and essential Moodle plugins
After you have mastered the essential MySQL commands it's time to build on these..
We also look at some of the most useful plugins that can help with your MySQL reporting needs.
- Advanced reporting techniques
- Moodle plugins to help with MySQL reporting including:
- Ad-hoc database queries plugin - and useful queries
- Configurable reports plugin - how to get the best out of it
- Moodle Adminer (and plugin) / phpMyAdmin
- Week 7, MySQL Workbench
An incredibly powerful application, MySQL Workbench is a visual database design tool that integrates SQL development, administration, database design, creation and maintenance into a single environment (developed by Oracle).
- Introducing MySQL Workbench
- Key features such as syntax highlighting, drag-n-drop modelling, and snippit collections
- Using in the 'real world'
- More Moodle reporting tips and examples
- Week 8, 'Catchall' (everything else we can fit in)
There are lots of "bits and pieces" that do not fit neatly into the main topics of previous weeks. Some are isolated elements, some are just things we have found useful over the years and want to share! This final week provides a 'catch-all' opportunity and helps guide you in how to continue developing your skills in this area.
- Miscellaneous information regarding MySQL and Moodle
- 'Catachall' - review, reflect, and revisit
- MySQL professional development
- Where next... ?
*This outline is subject to change as Moodle changes and we update the content.


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Our Thursday green news brings you the latest on green architecture, climate change, energy and communities:
- How much plastic waste ends up in oceans: According to a last year's study called Valuing Plastic by the Plastic Disclosure Project and Trucost, plastic waste causes an estimated $13 billion in damages to marine ecosystems each year. It's been an ongoing challenge for scientists to keep track of all that plastic, including plastic bags, bottles, debris to tiny microbeads of plastic broken down from larger sources. Now a new study called Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, recently published in the journal Science, estimated that plastic debris washing into the oceans from 192 coastal countries reached somewhere between 4.8 and 12.7 million metric tons in 2010. Based on the data the study used, such as solid waste, population density and economic status, it was calculated that these countries produced a total of 275 metric tons of plastic waste. As the study authors explained: "Population size and the quality of waste management systems largely determine which countries contribute the greatest mass of uncaptured waste available to become plastic marine debris. Without waste management infrastructure improvements, the cumulative quantity of plastic waste available to enter the ocean from land is predicted to increase by an order of magnitude by 2025." The researchers are projecting that by year 2025 the amount of plastic could reach 155 metric tons annually, unless we significantly improve waste management techniques.
- How Pepsi Co. rethinks recycling: According to a 2013 Beverage Digest study, there are more than 5.7 billion pounds of PET bottles on store shelves each year, however only about 31 percent of those end up in the recycling system. Based on data from the American Beverage Association, the national beverage container recycling rate is at 42 percent now. These data sources suggest that more than half of the U.S. population is not participating in recycling at all, while a recent national survey conducted by The Omnibus Company for PepsiCo revealed that a majority of Americans rate recycling as the No. 1 activity they can do to help the environment. PepsiCo is currently on a mission to increase the U.S. beverage recycling rate to 50 percent by 2018. This ambitious goal is highly dependent on help from other parties, and to have a lasting impact, recycling needs to be addressed from every angle including logistics, infrastructure, industry collaboration as well as consumer involvement. Accessibility is the first step, PepsiCo explains: "We've committed to working with retailers to put more recycling bins in busy locations, such as gas stations and convenience stores, where there aren't currently recycling containers. We also support the Closed Loop Fund in its mission to help provide recycling to communities that cannot afford to put the infrastructure in place." Second step is to make that action meaningful to consumers. Therefore PepsiCo and The Nature Conservancy forged a new initiative to Recycle for Nature. By recycling any plastic bottle or aluminum can, consumers are directly supporting The Nature Conservancy's efforts to save and restore 1 billion gallons of water over the next five years.


text: Post navigation ← Previous Next → "Enter Sandman" Avery 6 year old Drummer Posted on January 21, 2014 by canustillhearmecom "Enter Sandman" Avery 6 year old Drummer Source:http://www.youtube.com/"Enter Sandman" is a song by the American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released as the first single from their eponymous fifth album, Metallica in 1991. The music was written by Kirk Hammett, James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich. Vocalist and rhythm guitarist Hetfield wrote the lyrics, which deal with the concept of a child's nightmares. 9,921 total views, 1 views today Follow


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Homes For Sale In Holley by the Sea
- Holley by the Sea Homes for Sale
- Holley by the Sea Foreclosure Listings (1)
- Holley by the Sea Short Sale Listings (1)
- Holley by the Sea Single Family Homes for Sale (161)
- Holley by the Sea Condos & Townhomes for Sale (25)
Homes for Sale in 32566 area code
50 acres of Recreational Center with Holley by the Sea Homeownership
Buyers today have questions on homes for sale in Holley by the Sea Navarre Florida. Buyers are curious as to why we are the most popular neighborhood in our area.
Holley by the Sea in Navarre Florida is one of the largest and most popular communities in Florida. With over 5000 homeowners and and a multi-million Recreation Center no wonder this is the best place to live. Holley by the Sea is in between Fort Walton and Pensacola.
Florida has some of the nation's top schools. Schools here are all rated A+. Holley by the Sea currently has two primary schools, one middle school, two intermediate schools and one high school. As part of Florida's top notch school system, children who are age 4 by September 1st are eligible for the state's free voluntary preschool program. VPK.
Holley by the Sea also has its own homeowner's association. Residents can get involved in the community and they always have events and schedules all year long.
The Recreation Center is 22K sq. ft., with 2 swimming pool, kiddie pool, womens and mens locker room with Sauna, gym and aerobics, tennis courts, and a facility to entertain. The Rec Center also has a park and access to the Santa Rosa Sound and access to the East Bay.
You can't beat the best place on earth to live is Holley by the Sea.
If you are thinking of buying or selling a home in Holley by the Sea give me a call and allow me to help you buy a home or build a new home in Holley by the Sea Navarre Florida.
Key facts:
- Population: 5,000
- Features multi-million dollar, 45 acre recreation center
- Top rated schools
- 20 miles from Ft. Walton Beach & Pensacola
- 15 miles from Hurlburt Field
Recreation Center:
- Workout gym
- 8 lighted clay tennis courts
- 3 swimming pools
- Basketball courts
- Baseball field
- Handball courts
- Private Beach
- 9 Campsites
- Swimming lessons
- Sauna
- Game Room
- Aerobics Room
- Water aerobics
- Playground fishing Pier
- Competitive tennis & Swimming teams
- 4 picnic pavilions;
- Large meeting room
Holley Navarre Primary School
- Grades K-2
- 774 Students
Holley-Navarre Intermediate School
- Grades 3-5
- 758 students
Holley Navarre Middle School
- Grades 6-8
- 723 students
Navarre High School
- Grades 9-12
- 1881 students
- Home of the Raiders: Football, Baseball, Basketball, Golf, Tennis, Swimming, Cross Country, Track, Soccer, Weightlifting
- Band, JROTC Program, Chorus, Creative Writing, NHS, Theater, Yearbook
- Source: greatschools.org
Search Homes For Sale In Holley by the Sea Homes for Sale
New Listings
Non Member Office (NABOR)
Copyright© 2019 by the Multiple Listing Service of the Pensacola Association of REALTORS®. This information is believed to be accurate but is not guaranteed. Subject to verification by all parties. This data is copyrighted and may not be transmitted, retransmitted, copied, framed, repurposed, or altered in any way for any other site, individual and/or purpose without the express written permission of the Multiple Listing Service of the Pensacola Association of REALTORS®. Florida recognizes single and transaction agency relationships. Information Deemed Reliable But Not Guaranteed. Any use of search facilities of data on this site, other than by a consumer looking to purchase real estate, is prohibited.
Today's Market Trends for Homes For Sale In Holley by the Sea *
* All data pertains to single-family homes


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Invest in your dreams on the ultimate study abroad experience. Achieve fluency, see the world, expand your international network – and launch your global future. Study for 6, 9 or 11 months and start in April, June, September or January. College credit and internship opportunities ensure you're always adding to your resume during the adventure of a lifetime. You'll become a citizen of the world by studying alongside students from 100 countries. Study French, Spanish, German, Italian, Mandarin, or Japanese abroad and live the language with EF. Short term courses are also available year round.
For 50 years, EF has helped millions of students become citizens of the world by breaking down barriers of language, culture and geography. Through cultural exchanges, educational travel, language training and degree programs we are the World Leader in International Education.
Visit www.ef.edu/year for more information or call the Admissions Office at 1-800-992-1892 for a personalized study abroad consultation today.
Program Location(s): International — France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Costa Rica, China and Japan
Contact: Admissions Office
Phone: 1-800-992-1892
Website: Gap Year
Short Term