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Stanton leads way as Marlins best Kershaw
LOS ANGELES -- Giancarlo Stanton's three-run homer capped a five-run sixth inning off Clayton Kershaw as the Marlins stormed back to beat the Dodgers, 6-3, on Tuesday night at Dodger Stadium.Stanton, a native of Sherman Oaks, Calif., has 12 home runs and 29 RBIs in 31 career games against his
LOS ANGELES -- Giancarlo Stanton's three-run homer capped a five-run sixth inning off Clayton Kershaw as the Marlins stormed back to beat the Dodgers, 6-3, on Tuesday night at Dodger Stadium.
Stanton, a native of Sherman Oaks, Calif., has 12 home runs and 29 RBIs in 31 career games against his former hometown team.
"He was dominating early, so you get the sense he was going to take this game with him, and call it a night," Stanton said. "But how quickly you can turn things around like that is a big plus."
Kershaw (2-1), who struck out 10 in seven innings, had a one-hitter going with one out in the sixth inning when former teammate Miguel Rojas looped a soft double to left. That was the first of five consecutive Marlins hits (a career first for Kershaw), the last being Stanton's blast to center on a fastball down the middle that should have been inside.
"That's a tough one to let get away," said Kershaw. "We had a 3-0 lead. My job is to keep it, and I didn't do my job there. Got to do a better job limiting the damage. I obviously missed my spot with Stanton, and that's what he does, makes you pay for stuff like that. And I gave up some two-strike hits. Everything you're not supposed to do, I kind of did that inning."
"Obviously, it's good to be on this side of it," Marlins manager Don Mattingly said of getting to Kershaw. "It doesn't happen too often."
All three Dodgers runs reached base via walks issued by winning starter Tom Koehler, who walked four in five innings. Two scored in the first inning without a base hit thanks to a pair of wild pitches, and the third Dodgers run was doubled home by Kershaw, who also singled.
"[Kershaw] put the best at-bats, it seemed like, all night," manager Dave Roberts said. "Without those at-bats, I don't know how much offense we had. [Marlins starter Tom] Koehler wasn't sharp early and gifted us a couple runs. We just got to get back to swinging at strikes, taking balls, and I think you look at the quality of at-bats, that's something up and down the lineup that we got to get better at."
Stanton stays hot: Stanton's laser, three-run homer off Kershaw capped a five-run sixth inning and marked the third straight game in which the three-time All-Star right fielder has gone deep. Stanton got all of Kershaw's 94-mph fastball, two innings after the Dodgers' lefty struck him out with a tantalizing 74-mph curveball. The shot to center, projected by Statcast™ to land 433 feet away, with an exit velocity of 109 mph. Stanton's longest career home run streak is four games, accomplished Aug. 14-17, 2011.
"You just make an adjustment," Stanton said. "He was dominating and using his off-speed very effectively. It's our job to adjust to that." More >
Focus: Dodgers right fielder Yasiel Puig forgot how many outs there were in the eighth inning, when he caught Marcell Ozuna's routine fly ball for the second out and started jogging in while Christian Yelich tagged up and advanced to third. Yelich scored on J.T. Realmuto's bloop single to center on batter later.
Yelich continues streak: Yelich, who had three singles, has now reached safely in all 19 games he's played this season. Yelich's second single, a soft liner to left off J.P. Howell in the eighth inning, proved big, because it set up Realmuto's two-out RBI single, giving Miami a three-run lead.
Yelich raised his batting average to .388 and his on-base percentage to .500.
"We were able to tack on and use our guys out of the bullpen the way we wanted to use them," Mattingly said.
It happens to the best of 'em: Kershaw gave a rundown of the fateful sixth inning.
"Miggy [Miguel Rojas] kind of bloops one in there for a double. [Dee] Gordon's two-strike [comebacker single], I either have to make the play or get out of the way. [Martin] Prado, got in on him a little but he got a hit [to center]. Yelich [single to left to beat the shift] was a bad pitch, missed my spot there, as well as Stanton. It happens quick. I felt better than I have the last few starts, but the results weren't there." More >
"We've talked about it before, you don't want to give [Kershaw] any rope. To get down three or four, it's tough on your offense to get back into the game. And we leave the one chance. [Marcell] Ozuna gets that triple, and we leave that guy. That kind of hurts, and it's 2-0, and they add on a run. Tommy [Koehler] kind of settled down and kept us in the game." -- Mattingly
"You don't want their best hitter to beat you, and that's what happened today." -- Kershaw, on Stanton's homer
Ichiro Suzuki's pinch-hit single in the eighth inning was career hit No. 2,943, tying the 42-year-old Marlins outfielder with Hall of Famer Frank Robinson for 33rd on MLB's all-time list.
Marlins: Left-hander Justin Nicolino is getting recalled from Triple-A New Orleans to make his first start of the season in Wednesday's 10:10 p.m. ET contest at Dodger Stadium. In four Triple-A starts, he was 2-2 with a 3.60 ERA.
Dodgers:Scott Kazmir will try to snap a string of shaky starts as he takes the mound for the 7:10 p.m. PT matchup with the Marlins. The southpaw has registered a 9.69 ERA in his last three starts and has been dealing with soreness around his left wrist and thumb.
Watch every out-of-market regular-season game live on MLB.TV.
Joe Frisaro has covered the Marlins for MLB.com since 2002. He writes a blog, called The Fish Pond. Follow him on Twitter @JoeFrisaro and listen to his podcast.
Ken Gurnick has covered the Dodgers for MLB.com since 2001.


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Welcome to the Mortgage Solutions Financial Expo Center! Whether you are looking to attend an event or are in need of a home for your event, you've come to the right place. Browse our Events page to find upcoming shows. To speak with General Manager Kirk Standley about scheduling an event or other questions, call 719.884.4588.
We are please to announce that Summit Catering is now serving the Expo Center! This team of seasoned professionals delivers extraordinary food and their love for what they do comes through in their carefully crafted menu items.
Visit their website.

subset: commoncrawl


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"During the three-and-a-half hours Murray was on court, the ambient noise had thickened from a fretful buzz, through a gathering shrillness, to an unceasing cacophony of squeals, hworfs, baargs, grunts, yaps and yodel..... At one point in the third set, as Murray clipped an improbable backhand winner, one woman spectator emitted a chilling staccato shriek that sounded like a feral cat being fed slowly into the rotating blade of a combine harvester. By the end, each point was accompanied by its own distinct thunderclap of baying approval or wailing, primal lament....."It's one of the things I miss least about England: the centre-court crowds at Wimbledon, who cheer whena n opponent double faults, and then giggle, in reaction to their own favoritism. It's such an English sound. Like the worst bully — smiling, as he squeezes your balls.
— The Gaurdian, on the Murray-Gasquet match
Jul 3, 2008
The sound of the crowd
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I only recommend things I use, and by using the Entertainer App, I saved $641 this year! But get this: the average Singaporean user saves $642 in 2015. Damn, I lui-gi by a dollar.
The Entertainer App gives you 1,275 Buy One Get One Free offers for fine dining, modern & contemporary restaurants, cafés, nightspots, informal dining, attractions, leisure activities, spas, and hotel accommodation.
The app costs $85 for the entire year of 2016, but my discount code 2016RERG gives you 10% off the app. You can buy it as Christmas present, or buy ONE and share it with your friends and family! (Yes, one app purchase can be shared among several mobile devices.)
One misconception many people have regarding the app is that it is only useful for fine dining. It's not true; the app can be used at 34 cafes, which means more than half of your weekend brunches in 2016 is settled.
Out of the 34 cafes, I visited Two Bakers Cafe (88 Horne Road, Singapore 209083; t: +65 6293 0329; facebook; Sun & M 9am-7pm, W-Th 11am-9pm, F-Sat 10am-11pm). It was drizzling. Christmas songs on the radio. The windows frosted in the cafe, dark with wood. Very cozy.
Luncheon meat fries with lime mayo ($9.80)
Like the decor, the food is homely and unpretentious. The mains are around $12 to $20. The Entertainer App 1-for-1 mains means each person may pay about $7 each!
We like that Two Bakers make the food their own by infusing some Asian influences in their food. Like the bestseller duck confit penne ($16.80, above) in brown buttery sauce has leeks, giving an Asian flavor. The TYB Bagel ($12.80, below) is packed with vinegared pulled pork, similar to our 猪脚醋. Two Bakers is generous with truffle oil in truffle omelette ($15.80, below), super fragrant with fantastic crispy sliced baguette.
Eggs Royale ($14.80)
When you save on the mains, you can splurge on the pastries. Two Bakers is opened by Cordon Bleu (Paris) graduates so you know their standards are high.
The Le Chocolate Noir ($9.80) is divine! The 55% dark chocolate mousse is perfectly balanced, not overly bitter, and the hazelnut base gives a nice crunchy contrast to the smoothness of the mousse. Their usual eclair is transformed into a snowman religieuse, Mr Frosty ($10.80): two choux filled with light, refreshing raspberry cream.
Two Bakers cafe gives us a fulfilling experience and hopefully, the other 33 cafes will. This is a full list of cafes for the The Entertainer App:
|Afterwit – Mexican Taqueria
And All Things Delicious
The Assembly Ground
Cafe Insadong
Cafe Salivation
Cali Cafe
The Cat Cafe
Charlie Brown Cafe
|Chillax Cafe
The Coffee Daily
Cream & Custard
Criollo Cocoa Cafe
Dimbulah Bistro Bar & Cafe
Drury Lane
Elements & Co
Gusto by Alfresco Gusto
House of Commons
Monochrome Fusion Bistro
Muffet's Room
St Marc Bakery & Bar
Toby's Estate
Tolido's Espresso Nook
Two Bakers
Yellow Cup Coffee
Written by A. Nathanael Ho.
This is a sponsored post for The Entertainer.
Categories: $0-$20, $20-$40, All Day Breakfast, Brunch, Cafe, Dates, Featured, Large Group, Lavender, Little India


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Health Co-Op Brochure (1230 KB)
Wellness Rx's "Health Co-Op"
- Create a unique program where members are encouraged to use prescription and OTC medications only when necessary and encouraged to explore alternative and natural healing options.
- Demonstrate the shift of retail pharmacy revenue from a "product-centered" to a "patient-centered" business model.
- Demonstrate how a local Health Co-Op can successfully develop inter-professional teams that work together to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction while reducing health care costs.
- Texting and E-mail communication
- Insurance consultation and problem resolution
- Free delivery service within a 5 mile radius of a Wellness Rx Center
- Assignment of a Case Management Associate for members with special needs and homebound members. Fee charges based on scope and duration of services rendered
- Assistance with medication needs while traveling domestically and internationally*
- Assistance with meeting Emergency medication needs for Members, their families or visiting friends*
- Free consultation and assistance with medical referrals and referrals to local support groups
- Free take-back of expired or unused Medication
- $50 + transportation cost for in-home consultation for home bound members
- 10% discount off our Safe Transitions Program designed to reduce hospital re-admissions
- Free patient Health Assessment Questionnaire
- Free distribution of Wellness Rx's patient health handouts and tools to increase medication compliance
- Research on health care topics, treatment options and personal health challenges. Fee charges based on scope and duration of services rendered*
- 25% discount to any Co-Op endorsed health care lecture, training program or seminar (plus cost of any required material)
- Free access to all on-site and Co-Op Support Groups
- Basic Health screenings (free or at a discounted fee schedule)
- $20 + actual cost for flu and pneumonia immunizations. $30 for Shingles
- $30 for a comprehensive Medication Profile Review (free if covered by member's insurance carrier)
- 10% discount at an affiliated yoga, fitness center, dance or related exercise program
- Discount schedule or special packages for services received from a growing network of affiliated Wellness Specialists including: Massage Therapy, Nutritional Counseling, Naturopathic Medicine, Chiropractic Care, Herbal Consultation and Acupuncture
- 10% daily discount on all OTC medications, appliances, vitamins, whole food supplements, enzyme therapy and pet products (in-store and Wellness Rx's catalogue with over 3000 products)
- 10% daily discount on all alternative and natural health products. Member special product requests ordered within 2 days unless problem with availability
- All member insurance companies accepted for prescriptions. Members receive priority for dispensing of medications that are in short supply
- For members with no insurance or high deductibles to be met:
- $5 + actual cost of medications up to $50
- $10 + actual cost of medications between $50 - $100
- $20 + actual cost of medications between $100 - $500
- $50 + actual cost of medications that exceed $500
- Option of unit dose dispensing of medications
- Monthly fee per individual of $10 ($25 per family). Discounts for students, members on public assistance or special needs populations
- Monthly fee paid by individual or their employer, insurance carrier or medical savings account
- Members can cancel Co-Op affiliation at any time without penalty
* Excluding medication, mailing or telephone costs
(Benefits and pricing subject to change)


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Press Conference(s)
December 1st, 2009
By jammaquino
By jammaquino
Hey Y'all
Happy Holidays! Sorry for the delayed post. I've been all over the place, and haven't shot prep football in a while, hence the absence in POTW. But here's a change-up. Last week or so, I had a different press conference to cover each day. How do you make talking heads look interesting? Here you go:
Posted in funny stuff, news | 5 Comments »


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Press Conference: Babinski | Daniels | Mayhew
Radio Replay
Big Rapids, Mich. - The nationally fifth-ranked Ferris State University men's ice hockey team moved back into sole possession of first place again in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) standings as the Bulldogs skated to a 4-2 victory over third-place Alaska Anchorage in Friday's (Feb. 21) weekend series' opener inside the Ewigleben Ice Arena in Big Rapids.
Ferris State, which entered the weekend tied with Minnesota State atop the league standings but owning two games in hand on the Mavericks, picked up two points with the win. FSU currently has 36 points with five games remaining on its regular-season slate while MSU owns 34 points and has only four games left. The Mavericks are idle this weekend.
The Bulldogs picked up their 22nd victory of the season and improved to 11-1-1 on home ice this campaign by beating the Seawolves in the first matchup between the two teams since 1988. FSU struck twice in the first period to build a two-goal lead and added a single goal in each of the final two frames in earning the triumph.
Ferris State opened the scoring before a crowd of more than 2,000 fans on a stormy night with a power-play goal from junior forward Justin Buzzeo at 11:37 of the opening frame. His 11th goal of the year was assisted by junior defenseman Jason Binkley and freshman forward Kyle Schempp as they tallied their 17th and 14th helpers of the year, respectively.
The Bulldogs struck again with an even-strength tally from sophomore Kenny Babinski a little over six minutes later as he found the back of the net following a key offensive zone faceoff win to give FSU a 2-0 edge. His unassisted goal at 17:55 helped Ferris State take a two-goal lead into the first intermission.
Alaska Anchorage answered early in the second frame when Jordan Kwas picked up his 12th goal of the season on the power play off assists from Quinn Sproule and Blake Tatchell at 2:56 of the middle period.
However, Ferris State responded quickly on a tip from freshman forward Jared VanWormer only 4:47 into the second stanza. His goal was assisted by sophomore defenseman Brandon Anselmini for his 10th assist of the year along with junior forward Dom Panetta, who tallied his fifth helper this season.
The Bulldogs' 3-1 edge stood up until late in the final period when freshman forward Gerald Mayhew helped seal the victory with his third goal of the campaign at 18:23 of the third. Both senior forwards Cory Kane and Andy Huff were credited with assists as they attained their eighth and ninth assists of the season, respectively.
Finally, Alaska Anchorage added another unassisted goal from Andrew Pettit only 16 seconds later as he scored his fourth goal of the year at 18:39, but time ran out in the end for the Seawolves as the Bulldogs prevailed.
Ferris State received a 29-save performance in net from junior goaltender CJ Motte, who improved to 21-5-3 overall in net this season and remains one of the nation's top performers in total victories and winning percentage. He had seven stops in the initial period followed by 10 in the second and 12 in the third.
Meanwhile, Alaska Anchorage's Chris Kamal made 33 saves with 10 in the first, nine in the second and 14 in the final frame, but allowed all four Bulldog goals. He dropped to 6-5-1 this year with the setback.
The contest was filled with penalties as the Bulldogs were called 12 times for 24 minutes in the box and UAA was whistled for 11 penalties totaling 25 minutes. Ferris State finished one-of-six with the man-advantage while the Seawolves netted a one-of-five showing.
Overall, Ferris State held a 37-31 edge in total shots for the night, including a game-high 15 in the third and final period of action.
With the victory, the Bulldogs improved to 22-7-3 on the season and 17-4-2 in league action. Alaska Anchorage fell to 15-12-4 and 11-10-4 in league play.
Prior to Friday's contest, the two teams had not met since a 1988 regular-season series in Big Rapids. FSU improved to 2-1-1 overall with the win in the all-time series.
The two teams will square off against each other again on Saturday (Feb. 22) night in the weekend finale at the Ewigleben Ice Arena. Puck drop is set for 7:07 p.m. (ET) and the contest is officially sold out, which will represent the Bulldogs' 15th sellout since the second half of the historic 2011-12 campaign and the fourth in the last six games since the New Year. The "Dawg Pound" student section has also sold out each of the last 46 home consecutive home contests heading into Saturday's game.
Presently, Ferris State ranks as one of the nation's top three teams on home ice this year as FSU has compiled a 11-1-1 mark to date in the facility this campaign and has not lost a WCHA matchup at home. Currently, FSU's 22 wins overall are second in the country and the Bulldogs also have the nation's fourth-best winning percentage (.734).
This weekend's league home series represents one of the final two home weekends for the Bulldogs in the regular-season prior to the WCHA Playoffs. FSU will also host Lake Superior State in its final two regular-season outings on March 7-8 during "Senior Weekend" in Big Rapids with a special "Buy One, Get One Free" promotional offer available while supplies last.
Additionally, FSU has already clinched home ice for the opening round of the WCHA Playoffs. Ferris State will host an opponent to be determined in a best-of-three series set for March 14-16 with the winner advancing to the WCHA Final Five Championship on March 21-22 at Van Andel Arena in Grand Rapids.
Tickets for both the final regular-season series along with the first round of the WCHA Playoffs are currently on sale now and can be purchased thru the FSU Athletics Ticket Office, online at StarTickets.com or by calling 1-800-585-3737. For additional information, please visit FerrisStateBulldogs.com or call 231-591-2888.
Ferris State Takes Over Sole Possession Of First Place Again In WCHA With Series-Opening Win
|Alas. Anchorage (15-12-4, 11-10-4WCHA)
|Ferris State (22-7-3, 17-4-2 WCHA)


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In true Hotel Lucia style, we offer an array of food and beverage options – including amazing cocktails, signature pizzas, and craft beer.
Vitaly Paley, one of Portland's most acclaimed chefs, heads up Imperial – one of Portland's top restaurants – as well as The Crown, which specializes in signature pizzas and cocktails. Or sample a craft beer – on the house.
Imperial is inspired by the big open spaces of the Pacific Northwest.
Headed up by Vitaly Paley, one of Portland's most acclaimed chefs, Imperial features perfectly executed, elegant and soulful cuisine. Chef Paley explores heritage cooking methods using ingredients from Portland's diverse bounty and a custom-made wood-fired grill. Imperial is open for breakfast, lunch and dinner.
410 SW Broadway
Portland OR 97205
Monday - Thursday:
6:30 a.m. to 11 p.m.
Friday: 6:30 a.m. - 11 p.m.
Saturday: 8 a.m. - 11 p.m.
Sunday: 8 a.m. - 10 p.m.
SocialVisit Website
New York-style pizzas, salads, bar bites and cocktails.
Nestled off the lobby of Hotel Lucia, The Crown is a cocktail-centric bar headed up by Chef Vitaly Paley. A collaboration between Paley, Imperial chef Matthew Jarrell and a third generation pizzaiolo, Vinny Manna, The Crown features signature pizza pies, fried chicken and charcuterie from Paley's Place.
410 SW Broadway
Portland, OR 97205
Monday - Friday: 11:30 a.m. - 12 a.m.
Saturday: 3 p.m. - 12 a.m.
Sunday: 3 p.m. - 12 a.m.
SocialVisit Website
Have a pint (or two) of craft beer.
At our daily craft beer hour, enjoy a pint (or two) of the city's most compelling craft beers every evening from 5:30 to 6:30 p.m, included with your stay. You'll discover why Portland was voted the nation's #1 city for craft beer by the readers of Travel + Leisure.
400 SW Broadway
Portland, OR 97205
5:30 - 6:30 p.m.
Want the place to yourself?
Planning a power breakfast meeting, rehearsal dinner or some other photo-worthy event? Let Imperial or The Crown make your next event truly special. With an elegant setting and innovative Pacific Northwest cuisine, we can accommodate groups from 10 to 200. In addition to our two restaurants, we offer private dining in three event rooms: Pettygrove, Lovejoy and Quimby.


text: Personal Tech Archive Important Information You Need To Know About Laptops Posted in Personal Tech by There are a lot of reasons why people need a laptop. They use them to do schoolwork, to make money, to unwind, to play games, and many more reasons. There are, however, some things to consider concerning Read More Become A Blogging Pro By Reading This Posted in Personal Tech by Blog Posting is essential for anyone who wants to build an online presence in the modern world. Having a successful blog can open up new opportunities you had never dreamed of. For example, a blog can help Read More What Exactly Can You Do On The Iphone? Posted in Personal Tech by Everybody wants an iphone, but many folks don't know how to use it. Thankfully, many articles, including the one you are about to read, will give you easy-to-use tips. Continue on to the article below and learn Read More Fantastic Tricks Relating To Laptops Which Are Easy To Learn Posted in Personal Tech by There are several things you need to know before purchasing a laptop. You have a lot of options when it comes to laptops. Keep on reading if you'd like to learn what you need to know to Read More If You're In The Market For A Cell Phone Read This First Posted in Personal Tech by Cell phones are an integral part of today's society. You must have the correct information to fully use the phone you already have, or select a better one. Read on to learn about cell phones. Be careful Read More Secrets Of The IPad Masters You Can Use Posted in Personal Tech by By getting to know more about your new iPad, it can truly be your best friend. All you need is the right information to assist you in getting ahead. Keep reading here to learn more about how Read More Have Questions About Laptops? Read This Piece Posted in Personal Tech by Whether you're headed off to college or just landed your dream job, you are probably in the market for a new laptop. Do not let your lack of knowledge intimidate you. If you have the right information, Read More Blog Posting Tips And Tricks Straight From The Experts! Posted in Personal Tech by Blog Posting is a fantastic way to gain fame for yourself or your business. Writing A Blog is becoming a pivotal part of our society and how popular some people can become. Despite these benefits, many people Read More Everything You Want To Know About The Iphone Posted in Personal Tech by You are no doubt aware of how much an iphone can do, even if you have not yet bought one. If you are thinking of buying the iphone, or already have one, this article will teach you Read More Tips You Need To Know About Cell Phones Posted in Personal Tech by Does anyone in your life not have a wireless phone by now? It seems like everybody in your circle has a phone that lets them surf the Internet, send texts and do all kinds of things. Read Read More 12345


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Watching video footage results in an education on many fronts. I'll watch the footage for patterns, the space between the participants, efficient skills and those needing improvement. I study body language and repetitive movements. I also listen for my voice and watch how my words affect the boxer and her opponent.
A few weeks ago I was watching some video footage of sparring and I could hear my voice in the background. I'd have to give myself a C- for effective coaching. I could hear the worry in my voice, which means the boxer can hear it, and might alter their ability to overcome whatever I am worrying about. I sounded condescending. My words were positive, but my tone was demeaning and coddling. It was a huge realization for me to hear how my thoughts and feelings are expressed through my voice. While I can't quantify how my tones and words directly affect a boxer, I do understand that as the "authority" figure, the person they depend on, it is imperative that I am clear in what I am communicating. It might be appropriate to express worry or to get on the boxer about their performance. But in this case, the words and tones did not match. How is my boxer supposed to be clear in what I am saying, especially when they can't look at me but only hear me and they are simultaneously being punched?
I am the mediator and interpreter for the boxer in the heat of the situation. They are relying on my interpretations and feedback all the while sifting through their own in split second fashion. If my interests, fears, desires, anything are in the way, my feedback is flawed and can influence poorly. I am the supposed expert from the outside interpreting and relaying what I see in small moments of action. I must be on point with my direction and intent so the boxer can put aside any of their unrealistic interpretations. I have to be succinct and clear so the boxer can also trust themselves in their realistic interpretations.
This is not a small feat and it takes practice outside of the ring. Language is important. Tone is important. Our words are a huge reflection of deeper complexities going on within us. I am motivated to learn and perfect my coaching intelligence so that I can give the boxer the best opportunity to make the right adjustments in the moment. I am motivated to take responsibility for my choice of tone so that I can get my biases out of the way and make more room for the boxer to risk and make their own choices.
Pay attention to the words you choose and how you say them. Take responsibility for your affect on others…..it is fun, interesting and a cool skill to improve and you will learn a ton about yourself.


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This little jack was a gift from my mom a while back and I do not wear it enough. I love the military look and it's light weight makes it perfect for early fall. Here I paired it with my new green skinny jeans and some brown boots.
Jacket: Target
Top: Forever 21
Pants: Target
Boots: Charlotte Russe
Necklace & rings: Love 21


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University is full of great opportunities to learn, experience new things and make some great friends along the way. A fun way to do all of these things is to join clubs and extra-curricular activities.
While I was in my freshman year I decided to step out of my comfort zone and join the Food Science club. Most degree/diploma programs will have a related club. This is a great place to start. Here are some of the reasons I went back after the first club meeting.
Easy Networking Practice
Networking is one of the most important skills you can possess when searching for a job. The thought of networking can be pretty overwhelming for students. Joining a club will give you the opportunity to practice in a low stress environment. You'll be able to easily make conversation with other club members as you've already established common ground by being in the same club or program. The more you practice, the more comfortable you'll be with networking when the time comes for an industry or career related event.
Study Groups
If you decide to join a program related club, you'll be surrounded by people in different years of your program. Who better to ask for homework help and advice on different courses than people who are going through it with you or have already been through it? If you remain in the same program through to graduation you'll be seeing these people quite often so it's best to start getting to know them early on.
Building a Resume
Joining a club doesn't directly count as work experience, however, you are able to use different experiences to build your resume. Consider joining the executive committee or volunteering at their events. Being the club's treasurer can help you build organizational skills, being club president will build your leadership skills and volunteering to help at events will build your interpersonal skills. Though work experience is valuable, if you're able to gain skills from your experiences in the club be sure to communicate that on your resume. It may prove to be more valuable than you think.
Are you involved in a club? Tell us about your experiences, leave a comment below. If you enjoyed this post you will enjoy this related podcast by The Dish.
About the author: Faith Baxter, Honours BSc. Food Science (Co-op)
As a recent graduate of the Food Science Co-op program at the University of Guelph, Faith understands the difficulties associated with transitioning from education to the workplace. She has had the opportunity to speak about these issues at various industry events with the goal of easing the transition of others.
Passionate about education and the industry, she is involved with the Taste Your Future campaign to increase awareness of opportunities in the Food and Beveridge industry among Canadians. You can hear Faith speak at The Royal Agricultural Winter Fair Nov 4-13, 2016.


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The alarm trigger Elliot has a range of features that provide outstanding benefits to the user and organisations supplying the devices. They are both versatile and cost-effective.
Auto test function
The alarm trigger can be programmed to automatically send information to the carephone related to battery life and range to ensure that the user is always able to make a call.
The alarm trigger is waterproof to the IP67 standard.
Status LED
Visual call indication and confirmation of battery life and other programmed functions.
Life time low cost savings
The alarm trigger can have the battery changed by non-technical member of staff. The battery type is CR2430 Lithium 3V and once changed the pendant is waterproof as it contains a speciallydesigned seal. This provides big savings when compared with a typical pendant exchange.
'Easy Click' Accessories
Neck cord, wrist strap, belt clip and the unique Easy Press Button for people with limited dexterity.
Dual Button
Five different actions can be programmed
Dual frequency transceiver
Transceiver transmits on a dual frequency of 868/869 MHz European social alarm frequency providing the ultimate protection against interference from other radio devices.
Technical data
Dimensions: 45 x 30 x 13 mm (LxWxH)
Battery: 3V lithium battery CR2430
Battery: Up to five years
Water resistance: Waterporrf complies with IP67
* Is your trigger filthy and worn out? Refurbish your Elliot trigger by buying a reconditioning kit and you will get a fresh trigger at a very low cost!
Article number: 300005
Download our Quick Start Guide: QSG Elliot v2.0


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About this image
This image of M78, the brightest diffuse reflection nebula in the sky, was taken in 2006 with the Mosaic imager on the Mayall 4-meter telescope on Kitt Peak. Located some 1600 light-years away and around 4 light-years across, M78 is part of the Orion complex, a large region of star-forming gas and dust.
More: nebulae page, reflection nebulae page, messier page.
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Out and about with your bike
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Life, Biology, and Capitalism
The aim of my work, as indicated by this website, is to develop the core ideas required to solve the ecological crisis, thereby preserving life on earth to the maximum possible extent. I am therefore strongly motivated to understand what life actually is – that is, to grasp its essential nature. Having pondered this venerable issue for several years, I feel the time has come to present my conclusions. This is my primary motivation for writing this document.
A secondary motivation is to propose the initial ideas for a transformed biology that is consistent with a sustainable economy. For reasons to be explained below, the rise of capitalism has forced biologists to adopt a mechanistic posture that strips life of its distinctive elements. The current discipline does not study life in its entirety, but only the physical processes that underpin life and the non-purposeful behavior that results. A new biology would move beyond this limited perspective and offer an unencumbered examination of the living world.
I must emphasize that my views are not theistic, supernatural, or transcendental in any way. My conception of life is built entirely on an objective, material foundation. I reject the standard approach not because it is rooted in the physical world, but because it ignores the subjective phenomena that arise from this world. These phenomena are integral to both life and its goal-oriented behavior.
Historical Overview: What is Life?
Charles Darwin, in defending his theory of evolution at the end of Origin of Species, said that, "It is no valid objection that science as yet throws no light on the far higher problem of the essence or origin of life."[1] Darwin thus understood that, although he had addressed life's modifications, its essential nature remained an open question. What is remarkable is that, more than 150 years after the book's initial publication, this fundamental question remains unanswered.
An example of this ongoing puzzlement was a prestigious 2011 lecture titled "What is Life?" by biologist Paul Nurse. Nurse justified his inability to answer his own question by citing U.S. Justice Potter Stewart, who in 1964 refused to define pornography but insisted that, "… I know it when I see it." The speaker then laughed off his evasion by stating that the answer to life's mystery is "42" – the arbitrary number made famous by Douglas Adams in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.[2] To provide some context for this extraordinary gap in biological understanding, let me outline some of the field's key developments since Darwin's time.
The second half of the 19th century produced rapid advances into the material aspects of life, including the development of cell theory, embryology, and biochemistry. However, some biologists refused to believe that life could be explained through physical concepts alone, and thus adopted a view called vitalism. This asserted that a non-physical substance, force, or field underpins life's unique characteristics. The best-known expression of this view is Henri Bergson's élan vital, which is variously translated as "vital impetus", "vital force", or "spark of life".[3] Rapid advances in genetics and microbiology soon pushed vitalism off the stage, leaving the mechanistic view – that life can be fully explained through the concepts of chemistry and physics – as the exclusive and unassailable paradigm.
A strong supporter of this perspective was Erwin Schrödinger, the brilliant physicist who in the 1920s established the theoretical basis for quantum mechanics. His book What is Life? (1944) proclaimed that, "The obvious inability of present-day physics and chemistry to account for [events within a living organism] is no reason at all for doubting that they can be accounted for by those sciences."[4] His contribution to this project was to note that an organism's smallest components, such as its genes, contain only a few thousand atoms and thus cannot achieve the order required for biological functioning through the statistical averages that govern larger structures. This means that life's order must arise from physical principles that have not yet been discovered. Unfortunately, Schrödinger did not directly address the question posed by his book's title.
In the decades after Schrödinger's book appeared, molecular biology increasingly dominated the field, and the question of life's essential nature was put on the back burner. Nevertheless, a few scattered scientists continued to grope for an answer. One of these was chemist Addy Pross, who in 2012 published What is Life? How chemistry becomes biology.[5] Pross stated that because Schrödinger's question remains unanswered, biology needs a revolution. However, "… modern biology appears to be happily meandering along its current mechanistic path – with most of its practitioners indifferent, if not oblivious, to the shrill cry for reassessment."[6]
The outstanding feature of Pross's treatment is his insistence that life's behavior is purposeful. He therefore employs a term that was coined in 1958, but that has rarely been used in biological discussions: "teleonomy". This term, says Pross, "… gives a name to a pattern of behavior that is unambiguous – all living things behave as if they have an agenda".[7] This goal-directed pattern applies not only to complex organisms such as humans and worms, but is also evident at the level of a single cell. This is his summary statement: "The scientific revolution's overthrow of 2,000 years of teleological thinking has left biologists anxious and unwilling to accept even the slightest vestige of that earlier, misplaced way of thinking. But there is no denying the teleonomic principle. The evidence supporting it is simply overwhelming, all around, literally endless, and cannot simply be dismissed out of hand."[8]
In the remainder of his book Pross succumbs to conventional thought and returns to a purely mechanistic perspective. Being a chemist, he suggests that life is marked by a special set of chemical reactions that achieve "dynamic kinetic stability".[9] He also joins thinkers like Stuart Kauffman and Fritjof Capra[10] in asserting that life must be explained not by its constituent materials, but by the organizational complexity of these materials. According to this view, such complexity gives rise to the emergent properties that characterize life.
A recent attempt to answer the "what is life?" question came from a young American physicist named Jeremy England. He caused some excitement in 2014 by proposing that life appears whenever certain configurations of matter are especially effective in capturing and dissipating energy.[11] England thus claimed that life is at root a thermodynamic phenomenon. His hypothesis is heavily oriented towards life's evolutionary adaptation rather than its essence, and it remains controversial among his peers.
Selling Mechanism
Addy Pross is clearly correct when he insists that life is marked by purposeful behavior.[12] That is, both instinctive and learned behaviors are driven by an organism's internally formulated intentions. This should be evident to anyone who has thoughtfully observed a bird, spider, or ant, or who knows that botanists have found plant activities to be intensely goal-directed and even intelligent.[13] Purpose, however, is a non-physical factor that cannot be accommodated by mechanism. The question thus arises: how has biology come to be dominated by the mechanistic view of life? (The question of why this occurred is discussed in a later section.)
The key trick, which is widely employed when an obvious reality must be hidden or obscured, is to direct attention away from the reality itself and towards closely related but distinct topics. If enough "serious" people acquiesce in this redirection, the reality is pushed into the background and forgotten. In the present case, this trick is achieved by shifting the focus from life's essential nature to its various attributes – reproduction, heredity, homeostasis, etc. To illustrate, this is the opening sentence of Jacques Loeb's influential book, The Mechanistic Conception of Life (1912): "It is the object of this paper to discuss the question whether our present knowledge gives us any hope that life, i.e., the sum of all life phenomena, can be unequivocally explained in physico-chemical terms."[14]
The logical error in this sentence is transparent: life is defined in circular fashion. As Wikipedia states, "A circular definition is one that uses the term(s) being defined as a part of the definition or assumes a prior understanding of the term being defined." Clearly, if life is the sum of all life phenomena, then it must be located and examined before it can be defined. But how can it be located – that is, distinguished from non-life – without a prior definition? Despite the elementary nature of this blunder, Loeb's approach is virtually universal among today's biologists. Nurse, for example, explicitly told his audience that he would address the "what is life?" question, "… by discussing the attributes of life."[15] If you open any biology text you will likely find the same thing: life is defined in terms of life, which means it is not defined at all.
So what's going on here? My interpretation is that, at the individual level, most biologists fully understand that purposeful behavior is the hallmark of life. They therefore have an accurate internal picture, and apply it daily to guide their work. However, purpose has no place in the mechanistic worldview that underlies their discipline, so this personal understanding must be suppressed in the professional and public realms. Because the only alternative is to define life through its attributes, logic is tortured to make this seem credible. Briefly stated, biology has been intellectually corrupted, and definitional circularity – life is what life does – is the unmistakable sign of this corruption.
The Essence of Life
In order to escape from the standard view and identify life's essence, it is necessary to concentrate on the simplest forms of life. Confusion is inevitable if we immediately consider complex organisms or advanced features such as the brain, the mind, and consciousness. Among the simplest forms of life on earth are bacteria and other unicellular organisms. In this discussion I am therefore considering a single cell. However, I do not exclude the possibility that life can arise at even smaller scales.
An important distinction must be made between life's distinguishing features and its defining feature. A distinguishing feature is one that serves the practical purpose of allowing us to unambiguously separate life from non-life. For example, if gene-based heredity always characterizes life and never characterizes non-life, then this attribute can be used to distinguish between the two. However, this capacity tells us nothing about life itself. I might be able to infallibly distinguish squirrels from other animals and yet know almost nothing about squirrels. To understand life, we must first determine its defining feature. This is the attribute of matter that marks its initial conversion from non-living to living. It is the first step in the causal chain that leads to life's distinguishing features, and it serves a conceptual rather than a practical purpose. This defining feature is the essence of life. To determine what it might be, we must start with purposeful behavior and work our way back to the physical world.
Why would a cell behave in a purposeful manner? That is, what would cause it to autonomously move, ingest, and divide? Somewhere within the cell there must be a source of volition – the will or desire for self-preservation that provides the impetus for such activities. What might this source be? Self-preservation implies the existence of a self. This in turn implies the existence of a division between self and non-self. For a cell this division is the lipid membrane that constitutes the cell boundary. A cell's volition is therefore rooted in its capacity to distinguish the internal world within the cell boundary from the external world beyond it. This capacity is appropriately called awareness.
How does awareness arise? This requires organic structures that respond differentially to the worlds inside and outside the cell boundary. Such structures are generated under unusual physical conditions by one of the universe's most basic activities: self-organization. This property is already evident at the level of the atom, where electrons, protons, and neutrons spontaneously organize themselves into a coherent unit. At higher levels, it is even more prominent. As Stuart Kauffman has noted, "… vast veins of spontaneous order lie at hand. Laws of complexity spontaneously generate much of the order of the natural world."[16]
The sequence just described is depicted in the diagram below.
Let me use this diagram to briefly repeat the above description, but this time by moving in the causal direction: from the physical world to purposeful behavior, as indicated by the arrows.
The physical world, through the pervasive process of self-organization, generates organic structures that could serve as the enclosure and components of a living organism such as a cell. Under favorable conditions these components respond differentially to the worlds inside and outside the boundary, thereby generating the distinction between self and non-self. This is awareness, and it constitutes the initial departure from inanimate to living matter. Therefore, awareness is the essence of life. Awareness then generates the volition that seeks to preserve the self, and volition in turn generates the purposeful behavior that achieves self-preservation.
Because the mechanistic view has a stranglehold on today's biology, awareness is seldom acknowledged as the essence of life and as the source of an organism's purposeful behavior. Sometimes, however, the truth slips out. For example, the authors of a recent book on quantum biology state that, "… a bizarre property appeared in the matter of which living organisms are composed: some of that matter became aware."[17] Unfortunately this revelation appears near the end of their book, and it is immediately repudiated by their pledge of allegiance to the strict monism of contemporary science: "… mind and body are one and the same thing".[18]
To summarize my perspective: life is awareness, and a living organism is a unit of aware matter. An organism is a combination of the objective and the subjective in that it cannot exist without objective matter, but it requires this matter to be subjectively aware. Despite the above authors, scientific monism is untenable. Reality has two dimensions, not one, and biology will remain mired in its sterile mechanism until this is openly recognized.
Before proceeding I want to briefly address the key methods used to counter the view just presented.
The first is to implicitly or explicitly assert that matter cannot be aware. This is easily refuted. Are you, the reader, aware? Are you composed of matter? The answer to both questions is yes, so matter can be aware. No further proof is required. The only interesting question is where this awareness first arises – at the sub-cellular, cellular, or multicellular level.
Another method used to defend the mechanistic view of life is to disguise awareness as something that has the same effect but goes by a different term. A past favorite was stimulus-response, whereas the modern preference is for information processing. Both are treated mechanistically, but they are clearly consistent with an awareness that generates the response or that processes the information.
The third method used to counter awareness is the most prevalent. This is to present evolution as the explanation for everything that occurs in living systems, thereby making awareness and volition superfluous.[19] Evidently, when biologists picture a cell, they see an intricate machine that arose through a series of blind evolutionary steps and operates in lockstep fashion without an explicit coordinating agent. This is barely conceivable, but it is especially implausible today because we understand the advantages of embedded intelligence. A modern thermostat, for example, doesn't achieve its sophistication by elaborating on the mechanical structure of the past, but by replacing it with software – that is, embedded human intelligence. Why wouldn't nature adopt the same approach? Why wouldn't awareness be employed for coordination purposes to keep cell complexity within manageable limits? Evolution would still play a critical role, but it would not be burdened with explaining a vast array of stunningly complex tasks.
Standard and Vital Biology
Standard biology ignores the fact that awareness is life's essential element, and thus rejects the volition and purposeful behavior exhibited by even the simplest forms of life. It should therefore be superseded by the discipline of vital biology. The main aim of this term is to emphasize that the field should study life as a whole rather than just its physical underpinnings. The term also pays homage to the supporters of vitalism. Although these scientists had a confused conception of life, they showed great courage in rejecting the straitjacket of biological mechanism.
Vital biology will explicitly recognize awareness, volition, and purpose. However, these are all subjective factors that fit uncomfortably into the empirical world of science. Because vital biology is intended to be the scientific successor to standard biology, I must address this topic before I proceed.
Dictionary definitions of "science" refer to the systematic arrangement of facts, the formulation of general laws, and the methods of observation and experiment. These are all relevant, but they miss the central point: science investigates the world insofar as it is accessible to multiple minds. Any phenomenon that is inherently limited to a single mind falls outside its scope. Assume, for example, that I decide to investigate my own intellect. I carefully track my thought processes, systematically arrange the facts I discover, and formulate general laws about my mental operations. Would this be science? Clearly not. No other mind has access to these internal realities, so there is no way to construct a corroborated body of knowledge on this topic. Introspection can lead to personal insights, but it cannot produce scientific understanding.
Another way of saying this is that science restricts its investigations to the objective world. The subjective world can be acknowledged as a possible factor in objective phenomena, but it cannot be investigated using scientific tools and methods. If it is necessary to address reality as a whole, science must be augmented by philosophy or possibly other modes of inquiry. As a prospective science, vital biology must abide by this restriction.
That said, the following is a crude depiction of the current discipline, standard biology:
Reality is here divided into its objective and subjective components. As a science, standard biology is correct in limiting its studies to the objective side. However, it incorrectly ignores the subjective component as a possible influence on the objective world. As noted, science cannot study the subjective side, but it can and must acknowledge this component as part of the universe's overall reality. Based on its narrow perspective, standard biology ignores awareness and volition. It therefore sees behavior as non-purposeful even if it is learned rather than instinctive. In brief, the analytical scope of the current discipline consists of life's physical processes and the resulting non-purposeful behavior.
The diagram below depicts vital biology.
Because the new discipline is intended to be a science, it follows standard biology in limiting its investigations to the objective world. The key difference is that vital biology recognizes the existence of the subjective world, and with the help of philosophy takes this realm into account when investigating the objective side. Based on this broader perspective, vital biology acknowledges awareness and volition, and therefore sees behavior as purposeful. To summarize, the analytical scope of vital biology is life's physical processes and the purposeful behavior that arises from the organism's subjective awareness and volition.
The shift from standard to vital biology fundamentally changes the way we look at numerous biological topics. Let me briefly examine just three: evolution, DNA, and the classification of viruses.
As mentioned above, Darwin claimed that his ignorance about life's essence did not invalidate his theory of evolution. From the perspective of vital biology this claim is highly dubious. Cells are aware, and cooperate with billions or trillions of other cells to produce complex organisms. Entities with this degree of collective intelligence are surely capable of experimenting with new structures and processes in order to improve the organism's functioning and survivability. It is therefore likely that active creativity must join mutations, self-organization, and other mechanistic factors as a source of the changes that feed into natural and sexual selection.
The vast store of genetic information in DNA is selectively accessed by the cell through various mechanisms that are collectively called epigenetics. According to standard biology, this selection is achieved through gene expression: the conversion of a gene from an inactive to an active state that allows it to be used in the synthesis of a protein or other biochemical material. As in nearly all conventional explanations of biological processes, the choices made in gene expression are vaguely attributed to a coordinating capacity that is never explicitly acknowledged.[20] Vital biology will openly recognize that gene expression is rooted in cellular awareness. In this view, DNA is a toolkit from which the cell intentionally chooses genes based on its biochemical requirements. As an analogy, when someone grabs a hammer from a toolbox, this is not seen as the mysterious expression of hammer activity, but as the conscious choice of an identifiable agent.
Viruses are today treated as nonliving entities because they lack a cellular structure and require a host cell for reproduction. Historically, however, they were often considered to be alive, and even today the classification is somewhat arbitrary. Standard biology places viruses on the fence between life and non-life because these microbes have some, but not all, of the attributes typically cited by the discipline in its circular definition. This means that the definition's logical problem is exacerbated by a practical one: entities yet to be discovered on or beyond the earth might, like viruses, have only a subset of these attributes, and would therefore resist classification as well. In vital biology, by contrast, a living organism is seen as a unit of aware matter. Viruses are units of matter, and they exhibit purposeful behavior in their reproductive strategies. Because this behavior can arise only from awareness, viruses satisfy the definition and are thus unequivocally alive.
The Role of Capitalism
At this point it is necessary to shift mental gears. Above I concluded that standard biology ignores the subjective side of reality and therefore fails to recognize that life's essence is awareness. As a result the discipline defines life in a circular manner and restricts its analytical scope to physical processes and non-purposeful behavior. The question now is why biology arrived at this untenable position. This takes us out of the scientific and into the social domain.
One of the great illusions afflicting scientists is that their fields were developed in a political vacuum. Some thinkers, such as Ludwik Fleck and Thomas Kuhn,[21] have pointed out that scientific development is heavily influenced by the social dynamics of intellectual communities. However, no-one appears to have seriously investigated the impact of capitalism's rise to global dominance on scientific thought. Morris Berman touches on this topic in The Reenchantment of the World (1981),[22] but his treatment is marred by a mystified view of capitalism. Unless the system's intellectual impact is clearly understood, biology's descent into mechanistic reductionism will remain a perplexing mystery.
Capitalism made its historical appearance in Europe around 1500, and displaced feudalism over the next several centuries. The reason for this epochal shift was that the new system achieved substantially higher levels of economic production than its predecessor. It was therefore better able to satisfy human needs and wants. Unfortunately, harvesting this material bounty entailed the ruthless simplification of scientific thought.
This was especially true for biology, where the subjective side of reality threatened to impede material expansion in two ways. First, subjectivity complicates biology because it extends the discipline into the philosophical realm. This hinders the empirical and theoretical advances required by a capitalist economy to effectively manipulate the living world. Second, awareness and volition have far-reaching ethical implications that could dampen economic growth. A mechanistic ecosystem can be exploited with impunity, whereas one that teems with aware beings invites moral considerations. A mechanistic cow is just meat, but a volitional cow might be worshiped. Berman gets this point exactly right: "… the forces that triumphed in the second half of the seventeenth century were those of bourgeois ideology and laissez-faire capitalism. Not only was the idea of living matter heresy to such groups, it was also economically inconvenient. … if nature is dead, there are no restraints on exploiting it for profit."[23]
This economic inconvenience led to intense political pressures that profoundly affected biology's development, and that continue to distort the discipline today. As philosopher Thomas Nagel has stated, "… any resistance to [physico-chemical reductionism] is regarded as not only scientifically but politically incorrect."[24] Further, "… almost everyone in our secular culture has been browbeaten into regarding the reductive research program as sacrosanct, on the ground that anything else would not be science."[25]
The rise of capitalism compelled biologists to fixate on the objective side of reality and to ignore its subjective side. This caused them to officially repudiate the purposeful behavior of living organisms and to deny that awareness is the essence of life. The theoretical reflection of this fixation is standard biology, an intellectually corrupt discipline that cannot define its most fundamental concept without evasive circularity.
Given capitalism's decisive role in shaping standard biology, the field very likely cannot be superseded while the system still reigns. The transition to a post-capitalist economy is thus of the utmost importance, not only to protect the biosphere from the system's ecocidal expansion, but also to permit humankind to fully appreciate the living world's exuberant autonomy. The other documents on this website are intended as theoretical contributions to this transition.
While these economic and political events play out, I urge biologists to seriously consider the ideas discussed above. Even if circumstances currently prevent their official adoption, they can be privately debated and no doubt greatly improved. Having an embryonic form of vital biology at hand when the transition does occur will significantly speed the intellectual and social adjustments to a sustainable world.
Frank Rotering
February, 2016
Minor edits: July, 2016
POSTSCRIPT (July/16): My claim that capitalism played a decisive role in shaping modern biology is supported by the work of science historian Lily Kay. She explains that the turn towards extreme mechanism in the form of molecular biology was not the result of intellectual evolution, but instead was, "… an expression of the systematic cooperative efforts of America's scientific establishment … to direct the study of animate phenomena along selected paths … ". According to Kay, the purposes were "… to develop the human sciences as a comprehensive explanatory and applied framework of social control … " and "… to develop social technologies commensurate with the material and ideological imperatives of industrial capitalism." (Lily E. Kay, The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp 3 and 8.)
[1] Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species (New York: Mentor Books, 1958), 443. The first edition was published in 1859; the sixth and last edition was published in 1872.
[2] Nurse was delivering the 2011 Schrödinger lecture at Imperial College London. He is a geneticist and cell biologist who in 2001 shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. At the time of this lecture he was President of the Royal Society. The video is at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-cTlKVsvvM.
[3] Biologist and complexity researcher Stuart Kauffman comments that, "… élan vital was said to be an insubstantial essence that permeated and animated the inorganic molecules of cells and brought them to life. Was this really so silly? It is easy to be smug until our own cherished certitudes crumble." (Stuart Kauffman, At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 33.) I agree with Kauffman: élan vital was a useful term to designate the unknown factor that differentiates life from non-life. Such terms are common in the history of science (phlogiston, luminiferous ether, etc.), and are still used today. For example, "dark matter" and "dark energy" both refer to unknown physical phenomena, but no-one suggests that these terms be abandoned while the mysteries are probed. The dismissal of élan vital as unscientific nonsense clearly requires an explanation that goes beyond science.
[4] Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1944), 4.
[5] Addy Pross, What is Life? How chemistry becomes biology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
[6] Ibid., ix.
[7] Ibid., 9.
[8] Ibid., 14.
[9] Ibid., 73. Pross cites two other mechanistic definitions of life. From biologist Carl Woese: "Organisms are resilient patterns in a turbulent flow – patterns in an energy flow." (Ibid., 3) From NASA: "Life is a self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution." (Ibid., 40).
[10] An example is Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems (New York: Anchor Books, 1996). Kauffman is cited above (note 3).
[11] See the video, "What is life – lecture: Jeremy England" at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e91D5UAz-f4. The following article summarizes England's hypothesis: "A New Physics Theory of Life" at https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/.
[12] Schrödinger also identified a unique mode of behavior as life's distinguishing feature, although he did so in a surprisingly simplistic manner: "What is the characteristic feature of life? When is a piece of matter said to be alive? What it goes on 'doing something', moving, exchanging material with its environments, and so forth, and that for a much longer period than we would expect an inanimate piece of matter to 'keep going' under similar circumstances." (Schrödinger, op. cit., 69)
[13] This is the conclusion of two books published in 2015. See the review article: "A very different kind of life", New Scientist, May 30, 2015, p. 46. This is available online at: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630230-300-intelligent-life-why-dont-we-consider-plants-to-be-smart/. According to this review, the authors state that plants are, "… subtle, aware, strategic beings whose lives involve an environmental sensitivity very distant from the simple flower and seed factories of popular imagination.". (My italics.)
[14] Jacques Loeb, The Mechanistic Conception of Life: Biological Essays (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1912), 3. (My italics.) This is available online at https://archive.org/details/mechanisticconce00loebrich.
[15] See the video cited in note #2 above, at 7:00. "Attributes" is italicized in the text because it was verbally emphasized in the presentation.
[16] Kauffman, op. cit., 8.
[17] Johnjoe McFadden and Jim Al-Khalili, Life on the Edge: The coming of age of quantum biology (2014), 236. (My italics.) Quantum biology is a new field that uses the concepts of quantum theory – tunneling, entanglement, particle-wave duality, etc. – to explain biological phenomena such as the navigational skills of birds.
[18] Ibid., 247.
[19] "Everything" may seem like hyperbole, but the dictum that guides today's biological thinking is that, "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." (My italics.) This was the title of a 1973 essay by evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky.
[20] My university biology text states that, "Cells continuously garner information about the world around them, responding to a host of chemical clues and passing on message to other cells." Others may differ, but to me these activities are being ascribed to an unacknowledged intelligence. What else can we call a capacity that interacts in such a sophisticated manner with the outside world? (Peter H. Raven and George B. Johnson, Understanding Biology (St. Louis: Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing, 1988), 105.)
[21] Ludwik Fleck, Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979). The book was first published in 1935. Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd edn. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970). The book was first published in 1962.
[22] Morris Berman, The Reenchantment of the World (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1984). The book was first published in 1981.
[23] Ibid., 117.
[24] Thomas Nagel, Mind and Cosmos: Why the materialist neo-Darwinian conception of nature is almost certainly false (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), 5. (My italics.) Nagel unfortunately jumps directly to mind and consciousness in his analysis, thus inviting the confusion I have tried to avoid. As a result of this leap, he never gets beyond broad speculations about life and reality, and even succumbs to a form of defeatism in his conclusion.
[25] Ibid., 7. I should add that Marxism slavishly followed capitalism in adopting the mechanistic worldview. Lenin, for example, categorically rejected vitalism as "idealist", "fallacious" and "anti-scientific". (V. I. Lenin, Materialism and Empirio-criticism: Critical Comments on a Reactionary Philosophy (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1970), 369.) The book was first published in 1908.


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A market linkage event for Milli Feed Mill was organized on 14th March 2018 by CARD-F program in which all relevant stakeholders were present including the Local Poultry Producers, National Poultry Association Members, Kabul Poultry Association Members, Khost Poultry Association Members, Traders, and Dealers, at the premises of Milli Feed Mill in Qalai Haider Khan of Paghman District in Kabul Province.
Milli Feed Mill was established with the financial and technical assistance of CARD-F and has since been producing the best quality poultry feed in the market which is being supplied to farms in Kabul and other provinces.
The event was attended by around 50 farmers and key members of different poultry associations; that was mainly aimed to create a long-term business relationship between the Feed Mill and the key market players and potential customers in the poultry sector and make use of the local and regional markets through increased knowledge and networks.
Participants briefly spoke about the Afghan Government's and people's support for the locally produced products and requested the owner of Milli Feed Mill to maintain the current quality of the feed in the future. In return, the owner of the Feed Mill Mr. Nemat Sahak and his technical staff ensured the participants on the consistency and reliability of quality and supply of feed in the market. They also notified that if the market demand increases they would introduce different types of feeds that can be used for other poultry birds as well.


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Late Shifting
With time slots less important than ever, networks are monetizing comedy clips and segments all over the social internet.
A quarter century ago, when Jay Leno and David Letterman vied publicly to succeed Johnny Carson as host of The Tonight Show, the program's venerable brand wasn't the only prize they coveted.
Letterman — who'd built the long-forsaken 12:30 a.m. time period into a must-see for college students and other night owls — wanted The Tonight Show's more mainstream 11:30 p.m. time slot. His longtime friend Leno, of course, was in the way.
From today's perspective, their battle appears somewhat anachronistic — and not just because both men have retired from late night (though Letterman has resurfaced with a one-on-one talk show on Netflix, while Leno indulges his car crush on CNBC with Jay Leno's Garage). In the era of the social internet, the whole notion of late night is being called into question. Time periods are less important than ever.
It's no secret that digital platforms are changing how we watch television. Primetime series have seen their ad bases and lucrative syndication market undermined by binge viewing on subscription-based, on-demand platforms like Netflix.
Late night has faced a slightly different but equally disruptive digital fate — getting chopped up into clips and splattered all over YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat and other social platforms. These clips might be viewed at night, but they're available at all hours of the day.
Back in 2015, NBCUniversal CEO Steve Burke shocked the industry by revealing that 70 percent of viewing for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon was occurring via clips on digital platforms — and not being monetized. "This isn't going to last forever," Burke told investors. "Measurement and monetization are only going to get better." In fact, the tide was already turning.
Jump forward three years, and competition in late-night comedy is thriving, boosted by the nightly lampooning of an unpopular president. From production to audience measurement to ad sales, networks are starting to make the social internet work for them, not against them.
"The digital audience is bigger than the linear audience, [because of] the many ways users can engage with the show across the platform most relevant to them," says Rob Hayes, head of digital at NBC Entertainment. And it's not just about clips anymore, he points out. Viewers also watch full episodes of The Tonight Show on NBC.com, the NBC app and Hulu. There's no getting around it: time periods no longer matter nearly as much as a well-planned, well-executed digital strategy.
"We distribute and monetize clips across a network of partners, including YouTube and Facebook," says Marc DeBevoise, president and COO of CBS Interactive, describing the network's strategy for selling The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and The Late Late Show with James Corden.
"We approach digital as a collaborative effort between the shows, studio, network and interactive teams, and across platforms we are now measuring and monetizing most, if not all, the viewership for our shows. We look at [digital] platforms as great marketing channels that we can also monetize."
Network late night was actually instrumental in building the social video paradigm, and in a very real sense, the genre ended up disrupting itself.
Sharing clips from late-night shows dates back to the dawn of YouTube, and it's debatable whether the Google-owned platform would have grown as huge without this content. In December 2005, relative unknown Andy Samberg and his partners in the Lonely Island comedy trio were trying desperately to crack Lorne Michaels's code and get airtime on Saturday Night Live. Their Beastie Boys–inspired short, "Lazy Sunday," became one of the first viral hits on the newly launched YouTube platform.
In fact, by the end of the first full week after its airing on SNL, the two- minute, 18-second clip — which tracks Samberg and costar Chris Parnell's rap-and cupcake-fueled journey through New York City to see The Chronicles of Narnia — had been viewed more than 2 million times on YouTube. The platform's overall traffic jumped 83 percent that week.
It took several years of rampant piracy and perhaps billions of dollars of uncounted and unmonetized viewership for the networks and producers to wrap their heads around what had happened. But slowly, they began to shut down unauthorized postings of their clips and centralize their assets on their own YouTube accounts. They also began to study other emerging social platforms — like Facebook, Twitter and Snapchat — to get ahead of the curve.
Most of all, with viewers heading to bed earlier, networks started adapting how they produced shows, creating segments with viral potential and posting them quickly.
"Speed is of the essence — we make sure we get our SNL clips up immediately after 1 a.m. on the East Coast," Hayes says. "We're focused on short-form and social. Before I got here [in 2012], we were focused on domain — driving people to the [NBC] website. But it's not about that anymore. We have to make our content available so people can see it."
Pretty soon, every major late-night show had at least one viral hit to boast about — a clip that, unlike the disposable daily churn of the linear broadcast, would be immortalized on the internet, where it could enjoy the benefits of "long tail" viewership.
In early November 2011, for example, ABC's Jimmy Kimmel Live posted a clip montage of parents telling their distraught children that they'd eaten all of their Halloween candy. That video has generated more than 60 million views and is still going.
In December 2013, TBS late-night host Conan O'Brien posted a video of himself sharing a Lyft ride with rapper-actor-producer Ice Cube and comedian-actor Kevin Hart. That clip has generated more than 41 million views to date.
And in April 2014, Jimmy Fallon's Tonight Show lip-sync battle with actress Emma Stone hit YouTube, where it has garnered nearly 88 million views so far.
These days, late-night success isn't measured so much in Nielsen ratings but in YouTube channel subscriber counts. Jimmy Fallon's Tonight Show channel, despite a recent slump, remains the genre leader with 15.8 million subs. ABC's Jimmy Kimmel Live is in second place with 11.3 million. TBS's "Team Coco" YouTube channel, home of all things Conan O'Brien, is in third place with 5.6 million.
Catching up in the post-Letterman era, CBS's The Late Show with Stephen Colbert has expanded its YouTube channel subscribers to 4 million.
The shift in viewing habits has not only caused networks to rethink how they produce, package and distribute late night, it has changed the talent. With icons Leno and Letterman retired, the airwaves are now home to younger comics who came of age with the internet and are perhaps more willing to experiment with new paradigms.
O'Brien's deal with Turner Networks last year is a prime example: the comic agreed to create content for digital platforms, such as podcasts and mobile gaming, as well as pay-TV specials and live tours. TNT president Kevin Reilly has said that over time, he envisions O'Brien pulling back from the late-night show into a more specials-driven programming format.
"The TV landscape has changed dramatically since I inherited the traditional talk show format in 1993," O'Brien said when announcing his new deal. "In the past few years I've stumbled across many new and exciting ways of connecting with my audience, and I'm eager to evolve my show into something leaner, more agile and more unpredictable."
The ascendancy of YouTube largely caught the major networks off guard in the latter half of the '00s, and they spent the period from around 2010 to 2015 playing catch-up.
First and foremost, the networks had to keep YouTube users from treating network shows like user-generated content. That meant serving takedown notices to myriad unlicensed clip postings, and getting the platform to enforce those actions.
NBC, for example, spent several years making sure all of Fallon's clips were consolidated onto its own YouTube channel, but it wasn't until 2015 that NBC forged an agreement with YouTube to monetize the content by jointly selling ads. Research firm OpenSlate estimated in 2015 that the Jimmy Fallon YouTube channel was generating a genre-leading $500,000 to $600,000 a month, and up to $7.2 million a year, of ad revenue.
Of course, the unhappy part of that scenario for NBCUniversal was that those figures incorporate Google's standard 45 percent YouTube cut. The major networks are notoriously loath to discuss their dealings with YouTube, but by all accounts, they haven't gotten Google to budge on that steep percentage.
Happily for the networks, their sales teams have found a work-around: Madison Avenue integrates products into segments of the late-night shows themselves. So after Colbert flashed the logo for allergy medication Xyzal in a recent segment, that integrated ad appeared on every platform that ultimately hosted the clip.
Also working for broadcasters: platforms like Facebook and Snapchat are still in the relatively early stages of becoming video distributors. This gives the networks an opportunity to learn from their mistakes with YouTube and get in on the ground floor with newer platforms.
"Starting around five years ago, we began to invest heavily in our technology and distribution models," Hayes explains. "We really started following what was going on in Silicon Valley. We needed to build scale on these platforms that were growing and evolving."
Notably, NBCU invested $500 million in Snapchat last year, giving the media giant vested control of how its shows are presented and monetized on the very youth-centric social media platform.
Hayes oversees a digital team of around 200 staffers (fluctuating with on-call freelancers), spread across New York and Los Angeles. Some are embedded in the production teams of The Tonight Show and Late Night.
YouTube may remain the biggest online distribution channel, but Hayes says the NBC Digital team is actively trying to develop others. "Facebook is a huge platform at a scale that encourages sharing favorite show moments with friends and family, while Twitter is an ideal platform for real-time [viewing] during the show, shorter-form video, photos and GIFs.
"Instagram is ideal for visual experiences," he adds, "whether that's short video, memes or Instagram Stories that allow Fallon and the show a new form of visual storytelling that's made for mobile, snackable entertainment."
While the networks have made major strides over the past five years in evolving late-night properties to fit the habits of a largely millennial viewer base, there's still plenty of work to do. Broadcasters and their research partners, most notably Nielsen, are getting closer to being able to count show audiences across the atomized landscape of digital platforms.
"NBCUniversal speaks to the advertising marketplace about a holistic premium video approach that is 'screen agnostic, platform specific' in the ads that are placed around the company's content," Hayes says. "Using currently available tools, we report to our advertising partners viewership on as many platforms as possible."
Even so, with the TV industry still reliant on Nielsen's C3 metric, which measures linear TV viewing of commercial time up to three days after live broadcast, very few network executives are happy about the current state of viewer measurement in late night — or in any day part, for that matter. Says Hayes: "A C3 currency doesn't help advertisers in today's world of time-shifted viewing."
This article originally appeared in emmy magazine, Issue No. 4, 2018
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