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While you may have been told you need zero science knowledge to answer any ACT Science questions, this is NOT true. There are typically around four questions per test that you cannot answer without previous background knowledge. That's the difference between a 31 and a 36 on the Science section!
In this article, I will give an overview of the 13 topics that will NOT be explained in the ACT Science passages that the ACT expects you to know. The ACT assumes you know these topics from school and science class. To gather this info, I dissected dozens of previous ACT Science test sections to find the concepts you have to know. As far as we can tell, we're the only ones who have taken the time to research this.
If you've gotten bad grades in science classes in school, this article will give you a refresher on the only concepts you need to know.
Reminder: If you haven't already, check out our Ultimate Study Guide for ACT Science. It contains dozens of ACT Science guides going into every question type tested, strategies to tackle the questions, and how you should be organizing your prep to raise your score.
In order to best answer this question of what science you actually need to know for the ACT Science section, I am going to start with what topics the ACT says the Science section covers. According to the ACT makers, "The content of the Science Test includes biology, chemistry, physics, and the Earth/space sciences (for example, geology, astronomy, and meteorology)."
So much information.
Do You Need to Be a Science Expert to Succeed on ACT Science?
No, and even the ACT makers admit that "Advanced knowledge in these subjects is not required, but background knowledge acquired in general, introductory science courses is needed to answer some of the questions. The test emphasizes scientific reasoning skills over recall of scientific content, skill in mathematics, or reading ability."
Why Don't You Need Expert Knowledge?
In the ACT Science passages, they give you the majority of the information you need to answer the questions. They explain most of the terms within the passage. See for yourself in this example passage, from a free ACT online practice test:
You can see in this passage they give you definitions for most of the terms: refracted, seismograph, focus, shadowzone, the types of seismic waves, the difference between p and s waves.
How Much Background Knowledge Do You Need to Answer Most ACT Science Questions?
Very little. Most of the questions can be answered using your knowledge of reading graphs and charts. Check out our article on the types of ACT Science Passages for more information about this strategy. For the questions that you can't answer with the visuals, you can usually figure them out by reading the passage.
However, there will be times you can't find the answer in the passage—and that's what we're discussing in this article.
What Information Will Not Be Given in the Passage?
As I mentioned earlier, there are typically around four questions per test that you cannot answer without previous knowledge. In my study of old ACT Science sections, I have found a total of 13 topics spanning biology, chemistry, physics, and math (yes, math) that you need to know. Here is the overview. I'll go into more depth on each topic below.
- Biology
- Cell Biology
- DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes
- Natural Selection
- Chemistry
- Basic Molecule Structure
- Freezing/Boiling Point of Water in Celsius
- pH Scale
- Molar Mass Concepts
- How Charges Interact
- Phase Changes
- Physics
- Gravity
- Density Formula
- Density Rules
- Math
- Basic Math Skills
The basic overviews that I present below should be all you need to know for the test, but I provide links to more in-depth explanations if you would like to do more reading.
In our first topic, Cell Biology, you'll also see the first example of a question that you wouldn't be able to answer without prior knowledge, even after reading the passage.
Knowledge Subject 1: Biology
Topic 1: Cell Biology
You need to know certain cell organelles (parts of cells), their functions, and whether they are found in animal or plant cells.
Animal Cell Structure
Chloroplasts only exist in plant cells and assist in the process of photosynthesis, converting light into energy (which only plants do, not animals).
The cell membrane holds all of the pieces of the cell and serves as the barrier between the cell and other cells.
Below is a sample question where you need an understanding of these organelles to select the correct answer. The chemical reaction mentioned in the passage was photosynthesis.
Knowing that photosynthesis happens in chloroplasts, I can correctly choose answer F.
But nowhere in the passage was it said that chloroplasts are where photosynthesis happens! This is a fact you had to know before the test.
While there are many other organelles, the ones listed above and ribosomes (which I will cover in the next topic) should be the only organelles you need to know for the test. Also, you should not need to know any other information about these organelles. If you would like to do more reading on these topics, click here.
Topic 2: DNA, RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis
DNA contains the genetic information needed for making proteins (protein synthesis). Protein synthesis involves DNA, RNA, ribosomes, and proteins. DNA acts as the blueprint for protein production.
The Process of Protein Synthesis
Messenger RNA (known as mRNA) makes a copy of the sequence of DNA of a specific gene. This process is known as transcription and happens in the nucleus.
Once the mRNA is made, it leaves the nucleus and enters the cytosol of the cell. Ribosomes use mRNA as a guide to make protein of the same amino acid sequence as the original DNA. The process of producing protein from the mRNA is referred to as translation. So, the process of protein synthesis consists of two steps: DNA to mRNA transcription and mRNA to protein translation. If you would like to read a more detailed summary, click here.
Topic 3: Natural Selection
Natural selection is also known as 'survival of the fittest.' In a specific environment, traits that allow organisms to reproduce more effectively will become more common, and traits that reduce reproductive success will become less common. A classic example of this is the change in peppered moth color during the industrial revolution.
In England, the burning of coal during the industrial changed tree bark from light brown to dark brown in color. The peppered moth blended in perfectly and was hidden from predators. However, once clean air acts were passed, the trees quickly returned to a lighter color, making the dark moths easily visible to predators. Meanwhile, lighter colored moths were still hidden from view and survived to lay eggs. Thus, because of natural selection, over the course of years, the moths turned from dark to light in color! Click here for more information.
The Strong Survive, the Weak Hang On
Knowledge Subject 2: Chemistry
Topic 4: Basic Molecule Structure
The ACT Science section expects you to know the basic molecular structure of sugar, fat, protein, and nucleic acids.
C6H12O6 is the basic sugar molecule structure (for more on sugar molecules, click here).
There are many different kids of fats: saturated, unsaturated, trans (you may have seen this on nutrition labels). The test does not expect you to know each structure. You only need to know that fats are made up of C (Carbon), H (Hydrogen), and O (Oxygen), and to differentiate fats from sugar, fats have nearly twice the number of H as C and a very small number of O. Fats are much bigger in size than sugar (for more information on fat molecules, click here). For example, an unsaturated fat triglyceride has a chemical formula of C55H98O6.
Proteins are composed of amino acids (as I mentioned in the above section on protein synthesis, proteins are made based on the original DNA sequence). There are many different protein structures, but all proteins contain C, H, O and N (Nitrogen). Click for more information on proteins and amino acids.
Nucleic acids are biomolecules. Two types of nucleic acids that we already discussed are DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids are made up of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleic acids are different from Sugar, Fat, and Proteins because they are made up of P (Phosphorus) and N in addition to C, H, and O. For more information on nucleic acids, click here.
Here is a sample question from the ACT:
In order to answer this question, you need to look at this equation from the passage:
You then see that the Carbon from the original CO2 becomes a part of C6H12O6. However, you need to know that C6H12O6 is a sugar molecule to get the correct answer G.
Once again, the ACT expects that you know how photosynthesis works, and what the chemical formula for sugar is! You wouldn't be able to get this information from the passage.
Topic #5: Freezing/Boiling Point of Water in Celsius
Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and boils at 100 degrees Celsius. That is all you need to know. Memorize those numbers. For more information, click here.
Topic 6: pH Scale
A pH scale is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. While the pH scale formally measures the activity of hydrogen ions in a substance or solution, it is typically approximated as the concentration of hydrogen ions.
All you need to know is that a pH of below 7 is acidic, above 7 is basic, and at 7 is considered neutral.
Fun fact: the beverage Coke has a pH of 2.50 while drinking water typically has a pH of 7.00, and hand soap has a pH of around 10. Coke's very acidic!
For more information, click here.
Topic 7: Molar Mass Concepts
Remember the periodic table? Don't worry—you don't need to memorize molar weights of elements.
The only molar mass concept you need to know is that the mass of a molecule is the sum of the mass of its atoms.
This appears in an ACT question asking about oxygen's weight versus carbon dioxide's weight. You need to know that O2 is lighter per molecule than CO2 because CO2 has an extra Carbon atom compared to oxygen. Check out this ACT Science question:
In order to answer this question, you need to use this figure from the passage as well as your outside knowledge.
Figure 2 shows that the pressure exerted by O2 was greater, eliminating answer choices F and G. However, nothing in the passage tells you if there are more O2 molecules per gram or CO2 molecules per gram. You now know that O2 is lighter per molecule than CO2, so the answer is J. For more information about O2 versus CO2, click here.
Topic 8: How Charges Interact
Atoms are composed of three types of particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons have no charge.
Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract each other. For example, two positive charges will repel each other while a positive and a negative charge will attract.
For more information, click here.
Topic 9: Phase Changes
I already mentioned the freezing and boiling point of water in Celsius, but you also need to know the order of phase changes. Below freezing point, a material will be in solid form, just above freezing point a material will be in liquid form, above boiling point, liquid becomes gas (is vaporized).
One natural way to think about this is in terms of water. When it's really cold, it turns to ice (solid). When it warms up, it turns to liquid. Then, when you boil it, it turns to steam (gas).
For more information, click here.
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Knowledge Subject 3: Physics
Topic 10: Gravity
You need to know that gravity is a downward force that acts on objects, and other forces (such as a spring or pulley) can counteract gravity. This will come up a lot in passages that show experiments using springs or pulleys. For more on gravity, click here.
Topic 11: Density Formula
Density is the degree of compactness of a substance. To calculate the density of a substance, you use the formula:
Density = mass/volume
For more information on density, mass, and volume, click here.
Topic 12: Density Rules
You need to know more about density than just the formula. You need to know the main density rule. Denser objects sink, and less dense objects float. Objects only float when they are less dense than the liquid they are placed in.
An easy way to think about this: what happens when you throw a rock into water? It sinks&that's because the rock is denser than water, meaning it weighs more for the same volume.
What about when you throw a styrofoam cup onto water? It floats—because styrofoam is less dense than water. For the same volume, styrofoam weighs a lot less than water.
For more on this rule, click here.
Knowledge Subject 4: Math
Topic 13: Basic Math Skills
You are not allowed to use your calculator on the science section. Yet, there are problems that require math skills like the one below.
In order to solve this problem, you have to use the given information from the passage that Algol C is a 1.7 solar-mass MS Star. Then, you have to multiply 1.7 by the mass of the sun (solar-mass) given to you in the question, 2.0 x 10^30. You need to be able to do basic multiplication.
1.7 x 2.0 x 10^30 = 3.4 X 10^30, so the answer is C.
In order to refresh your basic math skills, I suggest during your practice to attempt some of the easier ACT Math Section questions (the first 15 questions) without using your calculator.
And that's it! By knowing these concepts, you'll be able to answer any basic science question the ACT throws at you.
If any of these concepts are unfamiliar to you, review them and brush off the cobwebs—you won't need to know the details beyond what's in this article, but it won't hurt to get more attuned to the science topics.
What's Next?
Now that you know the basic science for ACT science, it's time to tackle the rest of the science section. Check out our article about the 3 Types of ACT Science Passages. Learn the big secret of ACT Science and the best way to read ACT Science passages.
Reminder: If you haven't already, check out our Ultimate Study Guide For ACT Science. It contains dozens of ACT Science guides going into every question type tested, strategies to tackle the questions, and how you should be organizing your prep to raise your score.
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IFC picks up comedy flick with Alison Brie, Lizzy Caplan and Martin Starr
The first we heard about indie flick Save the Date, it was way back in early June of last year. Casting was done and pre-production had begun. But it was in its early stages, so the chance of it even seeing the light, was slim. But, now it's officially a go. Months after its premiere at the Sundance International Film Festival in January, IFC has acquired North American distribution rights.
And for comedy nerds, the cast couldn't be stronger. Check it out: Party Down (RIP) alums Lizzy Caplan and Martin Starr co-star alongside Community's Alison Brie, Geoffrey Arend (500 Days of Summer) and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World's Mark Webber. The movie is directed by Michael Mohan and written by Mohan and graphic novelist Jeffrey Brown.
Deadline sums up the plot like this:
The fiercely independent Sarah (Caplan) breaks up with her overeager boyfriend Kevin (Arend) and finds herself caught up in an intense rebound relationship with new infatuation Jonathan (Webber). Always one to give life advice is Sarah's sister Beth (Brie), who is diligently planning her upcoming wedding to apprehensive fiancé — and Kevin's band mate — Andrew (Starr). With heart and humor, all five struggle with the trials, happiness, and pain of modern love. Simple and honest and always human, Save The Date is a contemporary story about the familial and romantic bonds that make us who we are.
Obviously, there's no release date yet. But to hold you over, you can check out Caplan and Brie below in this video, shot at Sundance in January.
This is the second indie comedy film IFC has picked up from Sundance. Comedian Mike Birbiglia's Sleepwalk With Me will also be distributed by the network's movie imprint. That film hits theaters Aug. 24.

subset: commoncrawl


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Antagonist Bonds and Toxicity in Dungeon World
I was reading over some of the changes to Dungeon World sheets last night, and I came to a weird conclusion:
Dungeon World doesn't want players like me.
That's totally fair. So I'll talk about that a bit. (And this is going to get ranty, which is probably best explained in the footnote.)
[Edit: The comments are awesome. And often saner, because it took a bit for me to calm down from the emotional element involved.]
To be fair, I had that reaction months ago when I heard that bonds became the XP mine. I shrugged, knowing the sort of play I have sen bonds produce, and stopped playing DW at conventions.
Ah, I have to back up a bit.
See, I play DW at conventions. Most of my play of any game is that, one-shot meetings, mini-cons, things like that. So I'm playing with potentially random people. When I've played DW, it's been with the same character, Ben Demonslayer, my Jewish halfling fighter. Because of that, I'm nearly always the target of the Cleric's "I'll convert you" bond[1]. I fucking hate that, because I can't tell of the person I don't know is either able to make that interesting or is looking for an excuse to be a cockbite.
And I'm really, really tired of the latter.
These bonds existed in the first version. But now they can't just be ignored, because they're incentivized. You can choose not to take a "dick bond", but then your character is slightly less able to help or hinder her comrades (because bonds add to that roll) and have fewer points of growth, as bonds are an XP generator. The first part was always there. With the addition of the second part, I now see this:
If I'm going to play in a convention game, I can fully expect dick behavior, because the DM will explain that the game rewards playing to your bonds.
And this isn't hypothetical. I have seen dick behavior from bonds played out.
I could still play with my friends, and may from time to time, because bonds aside, Dungeon World is pretty fun. And even though I helped come up with the BBC Highlighting method, I think I like the XP change in DW — it's seems slower, paced, and steady. I can dig that.
And I can even dig the non-hateful bonds. But encouragement combined with a desire for back story means almost always that every bond is filled in.
The other somewhat interesting point is that if I, as a cleric, want to play a cleric of a god that doesn't want to convert — because subverting tropes can be its own fun — then I'm mechanically a weaker character and have fewer points of growth. This has some implied setting: the gods of DW are only strong if they are push their followers to proselytize and crusade. The fictional fallout of taking three bonds rather than four.
Here's a list of the dick bonds in 2.3 that I see:
- Bard: _______________ is often the butt of my jokes.
- Cleric: I am working on converting _______________ to my faith.
- Fighter: _______________ owes me their life, whether they admit it or not. (I have seen so much damned pointless bickering around this one. Dear fuck.)
- Paladin: _______________ ' s misguided behavior endangers their very soul!
- Thief: I stole something from _______________. (Though, it's not as bad as previous worded, if memory serves.)
I'm glad to see that the wizard's most dickish one has been stricken.
Now, I do love, at times, playing antagonistic characters. But when I'm going to engage in that, I'm going to engage in a game that's about that, not where that's a near-vestigial aside. Games like Fiasco, Smallville, or Lady Blackbird.
And I could bring this up if I play DW again, but the thought of bringing that up Every. Single. Time I play is wearisome.
I find this interesting, because it's a change in a game. I first really enjoyed DW, and this change makes me stand far clear of it, as if it's toxic fallout.
– Ryan
[1] If I harp on that one, it's because I cannot see that as anything but a vile, inhuman act of hatred. I've had people try to convert me hours after my grandmother's funeral. It's disgusting, and it's something I keep having to see when I play DW. Which is part of why I stopped playing & running it. So the game involves a gigantic trigger for me, pretty much equivalent to me as some class having a bond about murder or sexual violence.
52 Responses to Antagonist Bonds and Toxicity in Dungeon World
There's some good stuff here – I can see how antagonistic bonds might not work for you (especially some of the more personally problematic ones).
I'm a little confused about XP and bonds in this case, because players only get XP when resolving a bond. One time, when it's no longer relevant, important or you've evolved beyond it. If you're looking at bonds as an XP generation machine, arguably, you're going to want to change those bonds as soon as possible, every session.
I know you've not been able to look at the current rule-set. Would you be willing to post a follow-up once you've had a chance to more fully examine the way bonds work, now? (If the follow up is just "nope, still hate 'em" obviously that's fine, too, I'm just curious if isolation is an element)
We never really wrote Bonds with convention or one-shot play in mind, so in that case you're bang on. You can't resolve a Bond in single-session play. It'd be a remarkably easy hack (and something that, if we haven't written it into the Advanced Delving chapter, we will) to just say "use the advice in chapter XX to write your own bonds" instead of saying "pick from the list".
You know, it certainly wouldn't hurt to have a "Playing With Strangers" section to encompass more than just Bonds, but ways to get the most out of Dungeon World in a one-shot environment.
Definitely food for thought.
I think the divergence between the core rules and BBC XP is in no small part to the fact that we mostly play at cons. I've probably run DW 20 times, of which 3 or 4 have been a continuing game. I've played maybe 10 times, probably 5 of those in one continuing game (my first DW experience). I love games like TSoY where you get XP for playing your character and improve in play. I fell in love with DW when it was in that family.
But this is a bit of a tangent.
For Living Dungeon World, we offer some additional bonds beyond the ones listed in the playbooks, and we also don't give XP for playing to or resolving them. They're treated more like they are in Monster of the Week — grist for the roleplaying mill, but with no mechanical incentive to play to them. But it should also be noted that our games focus much more on action and adventure than interpersonal conflicts. Statham & Sorcery. It's not Aid/Interfere — it's just Aid. Interfering is what the monsters do. And our XP reward system is still basically BBC XP.
Mike, you just made my night.
Statham & Sorcery?
Interesting thoughts, Ryan. And you actually made me realize the real XP goldmine: don't take any Bonds and aid as often as possible. You'll be rolling +0, so failure is certainly an option. On a miss, you get xp! On a hit, you help the team! Awesome all around.
That particular goldmine only bothers me a tiny bit, in that you're not using teh cool Bonds. But the rest of it is fantastic: you're doing more stuff, getting in more trouble, and doing more for you allies.
That's disappointing to hear, Ryan. I haven't had a chance to test out DW with the bond-based XP mechanic yet, but tying XP to resolving bonds was my idea originally, I think (http://apocalypse-world.com/forums/index.php?topic=1848.0 – though it's possible it was already in the works at that point, Adam or Sage can clarify). My notion was to allow the treasure trove of storylets on peoples' sheets to drive the overall story onwards in a tangible way and incentivize their change over time, as letting players do the heavy lifting for me fits my lazy MCing style. Having said that, perhaps that much emphasis on character relationships is not suitable in a dungeon crawling game, or at least not for you.
I'd posit, though, that perhaps it's not the mechanic of bringing bonds to the forefront through incentives that's a problem, but either the notion of bonds themselves, or the specific phrasing of some problematic bonds? After all, if the bonds don't add anything, they shouldn't be there – and if it's just a handful of bonds that irk you, perhaps they could be rewritten to be less prone to dickishness?
Ah, gotcha. I feel less defensive already, thanks! ;)
I think Adam's notion of a "Playing with Strangers" chapter with optional rule mods is gold, personally. I love the more antagonistic bonds myself, but definitely only with players I trust.
So here's why those Bonds exist:
First off, because people are interesting and messy and they sometimes have bones to pick, even with those they like.
Second, because I don't see some of them as setting off dick behavior. "_ owes me their life, admit it or not" just doesn't sound like something that'll drive arguments to me, so I'd love to hear what these arguments were. Every character that hasn't admitted it that I've seen has left it as "well, I'm too proud to admit it…"
Third, because they're interesting. The Thief who stole from their companion but is still with them, what's up with that? If the Thief really wants to steal from them, why didn't he rob them blind and leave? If it was just that one thing, why was it important? Did they give it back? Do they know? (Interestingly this bond tends to get used a lot on the Cleric and tends to lead to a cool odd-couple relationship. A lot of "I caught him stealing, which he wasn't expecting, and we realized we were better off together.")
Last, because we've had the default assumption that you're playing with adults who don't have to be told not to be dicks to each other. Or, hey, even children who don't have to be told to play nice. That may not be a reasonable assumption, but so far it's been born out by every session I've run from home games with close friends to Games on Demand at Gencon.
Finally, if you don't like them, change them. Be the change you want to see. There are already rules in the game for writing new bonds!
That's fine, Ryan, but I'm not sure why I can't explain why those choices were made? I was hoping we could compare the ups and downs to them.
I'm totally willing to change things. I just want to understand more of what this is, since I've never seen it. It's almost impossible to fix something that I haven't seen break.
You call out the "_______________ owes me their life, whether they admit it or not" Bond for pointless arguments, and I asked for more context. What are these people arguing over? The truth of the statement? Admitting it?
I'm trying to share why the game is the way it is, just as you shared why the game shouldn't be that way. Let's compare those and see if there isn't some way of making a DW you'll enjoy that also fulfills the things we want Bonds to do.
A precis of what I've taken from Ryan's post:
* There are many environments in which people play. Sometimes you know your fellow players, other times you don't, and not just at cons. New players in regular groups will have the same experience.
* You don't know what someone else might find upsetting or aggravating, yet the bonds system potentially allows you to force another player's character into that situation. Other bonds can be annoying even if they don't involve your character directly, eg the "long con".
* Mechanical incentives exacerbate these two issues.
I find these compelling, personally. A system in which a joint back-story is built is a fantastic tool, but having a way to opt-in rather than requiring players to say that something makes them uncomfortable and opt-out would be preferable.
One of my biggest sticking points with having antagonistic bonds in this game is that there are no mechanics or tools for playing out these bonds beyond just RP. As a result any sort of PVP or conflict between the players just becomes an argument until one of the players relents or the GM distracts them with a move. So it always feels weird and out of place when it crops up.
More often than not I have seen players be either uncomfortable with the bonds or just ignore them, both in con games and the campaign I ran at home. At best they are something referenced in banter while exploring the Dungeon, at worse a distraction from the reason we are all playing – to explore a dungeon and have a perilous adventure. No one wants a Cleric withholding healing unless the Thief converts, yet I have had that happen multiple times.
I have never really agreed with the idea that the focus of DW is conflict between the party, the game has always worked best when it was about the adventure and dungeon. There is more than enough conflict and drama to be had from that without adding in antagonistic relationships, though it is great when that emerges from play without being baked in to the premise.
As a house rule we have been playing without any starting bonds, then when you want to aid someone you can "reveal a bond in play" this can be either something relevant to the dungeon or your backstory. This way the players develop into a party and bonds are less conflict points and more a list of why they are together. We also ditched the EXP for resolving them, instead they are replaced as new things become relevant and you choose to reveal a new one so that they evolve.
– Colin
Bonds is where DW emulates D&D too well. Clerics withholding healing to non-believing PCs? Thieves stealing from the party? Those are classic D&D moves, but they're dysfunctional. And in DW they're strengthened by being on the character sheet, right in front of your eyes, and incentivised by XP.
Some of them can be mitigated by good GM questions ("You stole his sword (holy symbol/spellbook/etc? So why didn't the Fighter (Cleric/Wizard) kill you when you stole his most beloved possession and livelihood?"), but while that's great at the table, it's not something you can count on in the design, IMO.
The focus of DW isn't, by the book, on party conflict. Those bonds are seasoning (great analogy!). I've also referred to them as icing on the cake. A Cleric who withholds healing is really just screwing himself. Good luck surviving the poison needle trap now!
The game lists 3 reasons to play DW: to do amazing things, to see them play off each other, and because the world has so much to explore. Further to see them play of each other specifically mentions bickering and the party splitting up.
That plus the EXP rewards for resolving bonds and by playing your alignment which often will place the characters in conflict with each other tells me that interparty conflict is a signifigent portion of the game.
If that is not so, then it may need to be more clearer.
– Colin
Yes, for sure. But let's put that in perspective:
First off, it's listed as the second reason, not the primary reason. Even then, they key (bolded) bit is "play off each other" which IS important. The Bonds will make you interact with each other, which is intentional. It certainly doesn't have to be conflict, though.
Then, bickering is listed as the alternative to getting along just fine. On top of that, I'd draw a line between bickering (as in Ghostbusters or Indiana Jones) and drama-ridden conflict.
The last bit, yeah, could use some rewording. Good thing we just hired an editor.
Can you say a little more about the details of "reveal a bond in play"?
In my experience (playing: 2 games with friends in NZ, 2 at a con; running: 8-10 sessions with regular gaming group), bonds have never played a big part. Systematically we never use assist/interfere, the XP for bonds doesn't really matter when using BBC, and we've never had total dick moves for bonds, but neither have bonds played a big part in the story.
An opt-in possibility, based on Hamish's "The Sprawl":
Each player, in turn, describes an adventure or quest that they went on before the first session, or between in-game adventures. The next player then describes what role they took in that quest, or why they decided not to take part given the opportunity. Other players may also opt to describe their parts in the quest.
Adam and I have just reworded that bit to make it clear where priorities lie and accent the positive:
Second, to see them struggle together: to gather as a party despite their differences and stand as a united front against their foes or to argue over treasure, debate battle plans, and join in righteous celebration over a victory hard-won.
As to our editor, he's a professional editor with a very strong background in developmental editing. We wouldn't be working with him otherwise.
FWIW, we used these emergent bonds for Living Dungeon World this past weekend, and they worked a treat. There was one point of confusion — when your next adventure doesn't involve anyone you already have a bond with, what governs how many new bonds you get to establish? — but it was so specific to our format that I'm not sure it's really a "problem," per se.
My worst DW experience was with bonds. I was a fighter and the thief took the bond "I have stolen something of ____" and said that they stole my signature weapon. Total dick move. The GM allowed it (nothing in the rules about it, I guess) and then everyone seemed surprised when I spent the first 15 minutes of the game getting the sword back. It too so long because I didn't want to begin the one-off by killing a PC.
Something similar happened to me the first time I played DW. I was the Paladin, and the thing the Thief stole from me was some inlaid silver filigree on my fancy-ass sword while I was blind from an umber hulk's gaze. At first I was annoyed about it, because it felt like it immediately made my character the party buffoon. Pretty soon I just said "Fuck it — con game" and moved on, but still.
It probably needs to be said, but a Bond can't contradict the created character. Whatever the Thief stole wasn't part of one of your moves unless you agree.
Yeah, that needs to be in the rules. Moreover, you need to expand that to explicitly cover stealing a signature weapon because "a Bond can't contradict the created character" doesn't seem to cover that possibility.
I stopped using bonds so long ago I kind of forgot they were part of the game. I dropped them because I had a paladin kill another party member in three consecutive games each with different people. Once because the player playing the palidin was being a dick, and the other two because other players were being a dick to the paladin until he got fed up with it.
What if you opted into another player's starting bonds? Say each player reads aloud his starting bonds, and the other players volunteer in. Then the GM asks questions to make sure everyone's cool and on the same page. In the event of a tie, the player offering the bond picks.
FIGHTER: "I worry about the possibility of BLANK to survive in the dungeon."
WIZARD: "Ooh, me! I'm a fresh-faced, willowy elf-person. It'd make sense that I'd be the subject of that kind of pity from Mr. Plate-Packer over there."
GM: "How does that sound, Fighter? Anything to add?"
FIGHTER: "Totally. Plus, I lost someone important to me when their magic failed to save them a long time ago."
GM: "Who?"
FIGHTER: "Let's find out in play."
*group high-fives, moves on to next bond*
This could add more time to session set-up, but I think the increased investment in each other's players makes it worth investigating.
I'd do that in con games too. I find that the relatively small amount of time time put into bonds as it stands is well worth it; an extra couple of minutes wouldn't bother me.
*Double-take* But my con is next weekend and how do you know about that?
Oh, Gamex!
I won't be there; I'm in NZ. Mike, Jessie and Vernon are sailing the LDW ship this time. I'll try it out if I end up running any DW at Buckets of Dice in Christchurch next weekend though. I'm going to try to run The Sprawl in all four sessions though, so it might not happen.
We can give that a shot, sure. It'll be marginally easier in terms of prep than doing blank-slate bonds — we can just print the playbooks as-is (as-are?).
Nice one. I really want to try out this opt-in method. I don't really have a problem with bonds as-is, but the method you propose sounds like a winner to me.
I'm running or playing in no less than 3 Dungeon World games this weekend so I'll report back when I'm no longer hungover.
Tried using the opt-in method a couple times over the weekend. I'm not sure it was any better in practice. It definitely sounded good in my head though.
Sure. We tried it in two games. Two players and a GM, my buddy was a fighter, I was a thief. I started throwing bonds out there. He immediately latched onto me having stolen something from him and so I asked him what it was. That inspired him to say it was keys like a janitor would have because he established previously that his character had once worked for the wizard whose tower we were raiding. (Adaptation of Robert E. Howard's "Tower of the Elephant.") Anyway, that led to the discussion as to whether he knew about what I did or not or why I'd steal something from him and stick around. I actually don't remember the answer because we were halfway into a bottle of Gentleman Jack at that point. But I do remember that I established I gave the keys to the local thieves guild to pay them off as I was freelancing on their turf. (Chiv Palmer don't pay to ply his trade.) We found those keys later on the body of Tarsus, a thief that had infiltrated the tower just before us, and died to a giant spider. Neat. The fighter ones, being fairly innocuous compared to the thief's (as you point out), weren't terribly memorable in our exchange.
I'll have to jog my memory some more on the other game and get back to you. I think there was a mixing of rum and aguardiente going on. Anyway, my view of this was that this opt-in method didn't change a whole lot of the interactions during the bonding phase of character creation. Not for our group anyway, who tends to take everything in stride as we've played together a long time. Adversarial bonds are actually fun for us to play out. I think this is better tested in a convention game to determine whether it's a better option or not.


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To say this week's episode of Spartacus: War of the Damned looks intense would be a major understatement. The promo for the series teases conflict between Spartacus and another character, and what could be a major injury for more than one character. More detailed spoilers and the actual promo ahead!
Friday night's "Spoils of War" left off with Spartacus and his men cornered at the ridge. On the bright side, all of the main characters managed to make it through the fray leading up to that unscathed. But they're trapped and another attack seems eminent. That may not be their only problem.
It seemed like Spartacus and Crixus had settled their differences and were back on good terms at the end of "Blood Brothers." We didn't see much of either character in last week's episode, but from the promo below, it looks like Crixus and Spartacus are headed toward another major disagreement.
Am I seeing things, or did Crixus smash something across Spartacus' face? Between him and Naevia, some of these characters may have almost as much to fear - in the way of injuries - from Crixus and Naevia as they do from the Romans. Speaking of Naevia, it looks like she gets knocked down and may be in mortal danger. I know I've been pessimistic lately, when it comes to this show. But with just four episodes left to the series, it seems likely that the show is due for a major death soon.
Spartacus: War of the Damned airs Fridays at 9:00 p.m. ET on Starz. Read our breakdown for last Friday's "Spoils of War" here.


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Effective Vulnerability Management Starts with Network Situational Awareness
Companies are challenged with protecting against attacks, safeguarding customer and corporate data in addition to complying with industry regulations. Well, you can't defend what you don't know, right?
This can be a big challenge when it comes to network visibility. Many organizations don't have a true sense of all that is on their network. Often, there is a large gap of 20 percent or more in network visibility.
What I mean by this is not having a very clear understanding of the state of your network. How is it connected? How does it interact with partner or client networks?
Network Visibility
There are several contributors to a decrease in network visibility, such as corporate change, a disappearing network edge, as well as unmanaged and unsecured devices.
When pieces of the business are acquired, divested or outsourced, it can lead to a visibility gap. As the network is growing and changing, making the proper changes to the network infrastructure can certainly be tricky. This is especially true if you have a large organization.
Additionally, with the growing trend toward cloud and virtualization, the network edge is becoming fuzzier and fuzzier. For anyone that has spent any time in front of a VMware console, for instance, you know how easy it is to spin up and spin down virtual machines influencing virtual routing.
Lastly, the lack of visibility introduced by wireless and mobile devices continuously on and off the network can create even more complexity. For instance, a native IPv6 device joining the network does not lend itself to giving clarity to network administrators at all.
Unfortunately, this network visibility gap is not decreasing and is actually increasing. According to the 2014 Global Threat Intelligence Report released earlier this year by NTT Innovation Institute, "Organizations lacking mature Vulnerability Life-cycle Management programs are four times more susceptible to attacks via exploit kits." Organizations need a way to eliminate the problem of network unknowns and gain complete understanding of the network infrastructure. This is known as network situational awareness.
Network Situational Awareness
Network situational awareness represents the foundation of comprehensive vulnerability management, where the goal is to close the gap on network visibility. That means completely understanding how every connection, host and device in the enterprise is connected and interacting. From there, it's easy to take that information and address vulnerabilities and risk.
There are three phases to network situational awareness:
- Discover: In this first phase, discover all the devices and infrastructure, the edges and boundaries, connections to the internet and partners, and understand how these connections are impacting the overall infrastructure.
- Comprehend: This phase is where the deeper assessment comes in with scoring and prioritizing vulnerabilities. There is also a fair amount of visualization and reporting.
- Mitigate: Finally, nirvana occurs in the third phase. Here, you reduce the risk and minimize the threat surface to prevent intrusion and data exfiltration. In this phase, your network is now in a good state where patches are rolled out as needed in a timely manner. You also have a better idea around what devices are most vulnerable and you are prepared to quickly address these vulnerabilities.
In a case study performed by Gartner on the knowledge gained by TXU Energy when it implemented its process-monitoring system, analysts found that "organizations that operationally implement applicable IT controls through a vulnerability management program will achieve the strongest security posture."
We like to talk about this process in five steps:
- Validate Network Address Space: Discover the entire scope of the network IP address space in use with the environment, i.e. I've talked to this piece of the network, is it responding back? Is it reachable? Once you determine this you can make the corrections that are needed.
- Determine Network Edge: Next, understand what is yours and what is out there on the open Internet. For instance, determine if there is anything on the client or partner's network that you may or may not access. Defining that edge informs you what belongs to you and what you're responsible for versus what you are not responsible for.
- Discover & Provide Endpoints: Understand the presence of all devices on the network. For instance, this means going down to the details of your laptop and having knowledge into the type of laptop, the operating system running on that laptop and all the additional metadata associated with that laptop.
- Identify Vulnerabilities: Evaluate and comprehend network vulnerabilities for remediation. This means identifying who these devices are, what patch levels have been applied, which ones are missing and finally, what may need remediation.
- Mitigate Risk: Remediate risks in priority order with patches/changes or accept lesser risks. Set priorities and decide what the most important vulnerabilities are that you need to address.
Tripwire has integrated its Tripwire IP360 vulnerability management solution with Lumeta's IPsonar network situation awareness solution. Through this partnership, IT organizations can achieve improved risk management, security and compliance across the entire enterprise network.
Tripwire IP360 Integration with Lumeta IPsonar
Information security professionals need a unified vulnerability management strategy that incorporates network situational awareness. Tripwire IP360 provides visibility into the devices and applications on your network, and uses that information to deliver the most complete vulnerability detection available. Tripwire IP360's job begins with a clear definition of your network. Lumeta's network discovery technology allows IPsonar to discover all of your organization's connected network space, giving Tripwire IP360 the most complete starting point for deeper profiling.
With the addition of discovery data from IPsonar, Tripwire IP360's reach can be extended to cover the complete enterprise, eliminating gaps in coverage that may leave the organization exposed. The Lumeta and Tripwire integration offers several benefits. You eliminate gaps in network intelligence. Once those gaps are properly assessed and mitigated, you have total visibility and control, which enhances security and reduces risk.
Tripwire and Lumeta have a large joint customer in the petrochemical industry. When they initially came to us they thought they had 300,000 IP addresses or devices under management, yet when IPsonar was implemented they actually found 328,000 devices out there, a 10% visibility gap. That introduced additional risk because they didn't know these devices existed nor understand how they behaved on the network.
This petrochemical firm also found 125 unknown networks, which was an area of exposure because they didn't know how these unknown networks are interacting with the enterprise. They also found 20 non-responding networks which are networks IPsonar went out and tried to target but for one reason or another, could not reach. This could occur because the network was severed or just unreachable at the time. Either way, it is an area they should be aware of and want to get under control.
What Does The Gap Mean For The Customer?
Both Lumeta IPsonar and Tripwire IP360 were deployed as stand-alone products for a number of years. As with any large organization, when you have an excess of hundreds upon thousands of IP addresses, there is a great deal of network change and complexity. That change and complexity was starting to outpace the policy and procedures this organization had in place for managing network changes and managing infrastructure.
Tripwire IP360 was doing a great job of managing the space that it was aware of. Still, there was that 10% gap of knowledge. IPsonar was able to address that through their various discovery methodologies. Through this integration IPsonar provided discovery information and intelligence into Tripwire IP360. From there, IP360 did an even better job of vulnerability management because it had a clearer view of the network. Now, the customer has a better idea of what their network is doing and they are doing a better job at managing vulnerabilities across the entire enterprise.
To learn more about this integration, download the data sheet.
Or request a demo of the integration.
Related Articles:
- Change Doesn't Have to be the Enemy of Security
- Leveraging Security Controls and Analytics to Protect Sensitive Data
- Attackers Are Using High-Profile Vulnerabilities to Evade Detection
- Vulnerability Management: Just Turn It Off! Part I
The Executive's Guide to the Top 20 Critical Security Controls
Tripwire has compiled an e-book, titled The Executive's Guide to the Top 20 Critical Security Controls: Key Takeaways and Improvement Opportunities, which is available for download [registration form required].
Title image courtesy of ShutterStock


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I've been with my current employer for eight years. In those eight years, I've served under six different managers. I've liked several, feared a few, but respected only one.
At this moment, in the midst of unwarranted upheaval in my current location, I find it difficult to respect any of my superiors. After years of "musical managers" the stress of being expected to perform exceptionally well in an unpredictable environment is becoming too much for me to handle. Not knowing who my boss is going to be tomorrow or next week and not knowing what is about to happen is simply unnerving. The panic attacks I thought I had conquered have returned with a vengeance, even on days when I do not work. In an economy where countless families are struggling to survive, it is drilled into those that have jobs that we should be grateful, grateful, GRATEFUL for our jobs. This makes a difficult situation at work that much harder – the chances of finding another job are slim. Therefore, you're trapped. You need the job and the health insurance, but the stress is unbearable. At this point, you become a ticking time bomb of emotional frustrations. Why am I saying you? I mean me. Myself. I am a ticking time bomb of emotional frustrations.
This situation reminds me of a classic laboratory experiment with rats. The scientist takes two normal, healthy rats and places each in a separate cage. The first rat's cage has two levers in it. One lever produces food, the other, an electric shock. The rat quickly learns which lever is which and avoids the shock-producing lever, while using the lever that produces food. In this predictable environment where he feels he has some control, he is happy, normal, and healthy. He socializes normally with other rats. He is emotionally well-adjusted.
The second rat's cage also has two levers. But instead of each lever consistently producing the same outcome, they vary. This lever sometimes produces food, sometimes a nasty shock. And vice versa. In this completely unpredictable environment, the rat has no sense of control over what happens to him. He becomes a nervous wreck, exhibiting hostile or withdrawn behavior, overeating or not eating at all, becoming ill and even engaging in autistic rocking behaviors.
Scientists say this model can be applied to humans living in any unpredictable environment – from living in a war zone to having an alcoholic family member… Or a job where the management is constantly changing and what's right today may get you yelled at tomorrow – not to mention dealing with customers who blame the person behind the counter for everything from the color of the carpet to their own epic blunders. In unpredictable environments, people get stressed. They feel anxious. They feel depressed. I feel stressed/anxious/depressed.
I find it particularly interesting about the aforementioned experiment that the physical health of the rats was affected by their environment and emotional state. Rat #1, who has a measure of control over his surroundings, is happy AND healthy. Rat #2, who has no idea if he's getting zapped or fed today, easily gets ill, in addition to becoming a blubbering neurotic.
"Study after study shows that the more in control people feel, the less stress they feel and fewer negative sensations they experience." – Dr. Richard Fried, PhD
Obviously, when one feels a lack of control and is stressed, the first thing to do is try to regain a sense of control in other areas of life. Some suggestions:
• Exercise. Regular physical activity is essential to work off stress hormones.
• Stress reduction techniques. Progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing exercises, journal therapy and the like can be helpful.
• Get professional help. Seeing a therapist or counselor to learn coping techniques.
I've tried all of the above. I walk vigorously for at least 30 minutes a day. I try to use deep breathing, especially when in the throes of a panic attack. I see a therapist on a regular basis. But these strategies take time to work. Not to mention, if a new difficulty arises while you're still working on coping with the last one, you're in trouble. And if you're like me, having to be drugged to deal with work is out of the question. It just sounds completely outrageous and totally unfair.
Time does heal. Once away from work, it takes days to recover from the stress. But by then, it's time to return to work. In a situation where people are treated as pawns in a corporate chess game, the stress of the rat race has a new dynamic – that unpredictable lever. Will it dispense a reward today? Or just another nasty shock?


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AsthmaLiving with
With treatment, most people with asthma can live normal lives. There are also some simple ways you can help keep your symptoms under control.
Asthma is a common lung condition that causes occasional breathing problems.
The main symptoms of asthma include wheezing and shortness of breath. There may be times when the symptoms get better and times when they get worse.
The main treatments for asthma are inhalers that either ease symptoms when they occur or help stop symptoms occurring.
Asthma is caused by inflammation of the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. It's sometimes triggered by things like allergies or smoke.
Page last reviewed: 19/02/2018
Next review due: 19/02/2021


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Up to 33% of Breast Cancer Survivors Have Reported Fatigue Persisting Following Treatment ┬Ā Amount the most common complaints of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation are are fatigue, nausea, vomiting, malaise, diarrhea and headaches. These adverse effects are thought to be due to damage of normal tissues during the course of therapy. There have Read MoreHelp Your Health and Restore Energy Levels
Propax Gold with NT Factor is a complete food based nutritional system that contains; vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, healthy bacteria and glycophospholipids. ┬ĀVitamins and minerals support your overall health and function of your body systems, antioxidants neutralize the damaging chemical reactions produced by free radicals and the unique blend of glycophospholipids repair the damage to your Read MoreGet Relief From Fatigue in as Little as 15 Minutes!
Herbs and stimulants are the common components of many energy drinks and shots. Nutritional Therapeutics has managed to produce a successful energy shot without these components that leave you wanting more.The Smart Youthful Energy shot contains NT Factor, a proprietary blend of food and food extracts. NTFactor, in tablet form, has been proven to combat Read MoreAre you feeling fatigued? Do everyday tasks require significant effort to compete?
Obtain relief from fatigue Are you feeling fatigued? Do everyday tasks require significant effort to compete? You are not alone. Fatigue is a natural side effect of aging, many degenerative diseases and medical treatments. Fatigue can also be caused by environmental stresses. No matter the orientation of your fatigue, the source of it is the Read MorePre-Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes and Mitochondrial Function
By Prof. Garth L. Nicolson Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California┬Ā www.immed.org Type 2 Diabetes develops from a pre-Diabetes condition called Metabolic Syndrome (MetSynd).┬Ā MetSynd is present in over 22% of the adult U.S. population, and it is made up of several interrelated disturbances of sugar and lipid metabolism.┬Ā Read MoreIs there a cure for Lupus?
Questions for Prof. Garth Nicolson Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California Is there a cure for lupus?┬Ā If not, what are the normal treatment protocols associated with the disease? Dr. NicolsonŌĆÖs Reply: Although there is no cure for lupus, there are treatments that have been found to be effective Read MoreCancer-Associated Fatigue: Finally an answer
By Prof. Garth Nicolson Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California The following is taken from an invited platform presentation entitled ŌĆ£Lipid Replacement Therapy: a Nutraceutical Approach for Reducing Cancer-Associated Fatigue and the Adverse Effects of Cancer TherapyŌĆØ presented at the 2nd International Symposium on Cancer Fatigue held on October Read MoreWhy Should We Reduce Our Dependency on Prescription Drugs or Products Containing Caffeine, Sugar and Other Additives?
Pharmaceutical drugs typically contain chemicals that are not natural to the body. If we can treat our bodies naturally, and it works, isnŌĆÖt it always better? Of course! The problem is that many patients are on multiple prescriptions for pharmaceutical drugs that may not be in the best combinations for your health. Also, many so-called Read MoreWhat is fatigue and how is it treated?
Most of us are familiar with fatigue. ItŌĆÖs when youŌĆÖre so tired you canŌĆÖt perform even simple tasks. Chronic fatigue is when you feel fatigued almost all of the time. We posed a number of questions to Garth L. Nicolson, Ph.D., Nobel-Prize nominated scientist, and President and Chief Scientific Officer of The Institute for Molecular Read More


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Z. Moazampour, RN-BSNFACULTY
Ms. Moazampour is an adjunct professor with Felbry College. She has over 12 years of nursing experience and is very passionate about nursing. She began her nursing career when she earned a bachelor's of science in Nursing from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Ms. Moazampour then worked in various healthcare organizations as an RN, charge nurse followed by a RN unit manager/supervisor.
After working in nursing for some time, Ms. Moazampour had always wanted to teach others about nursing and decided to use her knowledge and experience to good use by teaching other future nurses. Her transition into teaching and has since been an instructor for over 20 years. When she is not teaching, in her spare time she enjoys spending time with family and friends.


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Plan your visit to Savannah during the weekend of June 23-24, and catch the 17th Annual Savannah Asian Festival, a celebration of Asian culture. Savannah inns look forward to hosting your visit!
While statistics say that only 2 percent of the Savannah population are of Asian descent, that's actually nearly 3000 people holding great respect for their ancestry and cultural history! It is in this spirit that the Department of Cultural Affairs has teamed with Asian-American volunteers to present this annual event to everyone of Asian descent, and to the general public.
Now in it's 17th year, the Asian Festival will be held on Saturday, June 23, 2012 from 11 am to 5 pm at the Savannah Civic Center MLK Arena. The free-to-the-public festival features live stage performances from a variety of Asian cultures, martial arts demonstrations, and cultural displays. Area restaurants will provide authentic food for purchase. Shop the cultural marketplace featuring arts, and crafts including paintings, paper, clothing, accessories, and henna body painting, to name a few. An educational workshop on Asian and Middle Eastern Tea will also be offered.
Children will enjoy their own activity area, where they can learn more about Asian cultures through martial arts demonstrations and hands-on activities. Origami paper folding is one popular children's activity offered along with Diwali treasure boxes and Asian flag making, among others.
Whether you are of Asian descent, or you have an appreciation for all things Asian, this festival should definitely be on your list of things to do in Savannah. Contact your Savannah B and B innkeeper for more information about the event, and we look forward to seeing you soon!


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Recently I got the new Nvidia Shield TV and it's an interesting product in the sense that brings together regular smart TV things like Netflix, gaming with a massive library of Android and console games with there GeForce Now streaming service and also smart home functionality with Google Assistant built in.
When I first booted up the shield I encountered my first issue with it, the updates. The first update I had to install took me over an hour to install (with relatively bad internet connection). This however isn't a one time issue on the first day alone I had to install 4 different updates. Both the remote and controller needed firmware updates, and I needed a Google services update later in the day. Theese updates were very annoying but that's not issue unique to the shield, nearly every platform is bogged down by constant updates to some extent.
Things do however get better for the Shield as the controller was great. I still prefer an Xbox 360 controller but this came close. The build quality of the body was amazing however the buttons and sticks felt to light at first but after 30 minutes of play I got used to it. I did appreciate the fact that they included a controller and remote, which you used to have to pay $50 for, though I would have rather them take out the remote and reduced the cost by $50.
With those controls you need games, and luckily there are plenty. The library is enormous between Gamestream, GeForce Now, and the library of optimized console games to go along with the normal Android TV games. I unfortunately have not checked out GeForce now so I will have a dedicated review for that coming soon but I can confirm that the Android games are good. The Nvidia shield does what mobile can't in the sense that there are many great free games that I don't feel overuse micro transactions. Some I would recommend are Xenowerk, Real Boxing, and Dead Trigger 2.
The Google Assistant feature is not as incredible as it was advertised as seeing that currently it currently requires you to press a button on a remote and I would describe the mics voice recognition as better than most but still not incredible. I do think this will change when Nvidia releases the Nvidia spot the Google Home speaker and mic combo that will plug directly into the wall and use Google Assistant. However there currently is no release date on this product as of now.
Even with certain flaws the Nvidia shield is by far both the best value as a streaming and gaming box and the best Android TV by far. There is still room for improvement but coming $100 cheaper than both the PS4 and Xbox One in there lowest configurations I would choose this over either of those consoles or any other streaming box on the market.


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I'm a math hobbyist, so forgive me if what I ask is silly.
I just learned that the cardinality of Reals is greater than the Naturals.
So, because of that, there can be no turing machines which generate all real numbers (ignore the fact that the turing machine would never halt).
In particular, there can be no algorithm which sequentially generates all real numbers, because, since turing machines operates sequentially, we could put them into correspondence with the Naturals, which would be a contradiction of the Cantor Theorem.
Is my thinking correct? Could you imagine what other implications would this have?
Thanks for the time.


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We were invited to a fun trial at "Fun at Giggles", located at Marine Parade Central (2nd floor), just next to Parkway Parade shopping centre.
Featuring SONA, the first interactive playground in Asia, Snug Play and the Activity tower, Fun at Giggles promises both play and exercise to develop children's motor and social skills, suitable from birth to 12 years old.
If I were to sum up our whole experience in one sentence, that will be:
Oliver doesn't want to get out of the Ball pit.
Simply put, he likes it. To be honest, I wasn't expecting him to have so much fun he didn't want to leave even after two full hours of playing, since the playground seems to be suited for older kids.
Anywayz, first things first.
Being new visitors, we were asked to register via an IPad. Oliver's temperature, hands and feet were checked whilst I was given hand sanitizer gel. The SONA system was under renovation when we were there, but Bryan, one of the directors of Fun at giggles, explained to me that the system is such that there's a camera in the arch that captures motions and voices and in response, produces music and sounds. The children can play games like stepping on the correct number when prompted!
Activity Tower
I love the open concept because no matter where I'm standing, I can still see Oliver without craning too much. The other feature I like is the sturdy, wooden playground structure and Daddy K was tugging on the blue hoops and realized with delight that it can even hold his weight, so parent and child can play together!
You can jump on the green patch and there'll be sound effects! I think it's pretty evident here where the motor skills development part comes in.
At first Oliver was just smitten with the balls, but after seeing the bigger kids around him challenging all the obstacles, Oliver gamely tried the balancing beam and even the longer winding slide as well!
Balancing with Daddy
Small slide
Jumping on trampoline
Though I love the "solid" feel of the entire Activity Tower, the wood structure also means that when children fall, there'll be less of a buffer, unlike the padded grounds at SingKids play system. During the time we were there, two children fell and bumped their heads while running around too excitedly. Bryan explained that's why there's always two staff on standby to help the children navigate the play system, though accidents like that are still hard to prevent.
Honestly, I felt that while it's necessary to let our children play safely, they should also be taught to play responsibly. I'm not about to pillow every single thing around him especially now that he's an agile, moving toddler. I believe Moms will agree with me how lightning fast a toddler can move.
They are called accidents for a reason. You can't control accidents.
You just can't.
You can only teach them and let them learn by themselves. I can't count the number of times O fell and bumped his head. But whenever he did, we don't make a big boo-boo over it. Most of the time it's his own fault and we'll explain it to him when he calmed down enough.
It's part of growing up, I think.
That's why it's called "growing pains", LOL~~
What, you're not old enough to drive yet
Staff playing with the children
After "monkeying" around for more than an hour, he finally tamed down enough for some "domestic" playing and also made some friends along the way!
And it's back to the ball pits again… Told you he was stuck to it…
Before we left, he got himself a memento to bring home…
Artist O at work
You can get the paper sets for free at the counter, together with the colored pencils.
There's also a locker (you can obtain the key for free from the staff) and changing area.
Daddy K and I were also delighted to find that the prices for the snacks and beverages weren't too exorbitant!
As mentioned, although Oliver wasn't old enough to try out the entire playground, he was enjoying himself so much he didn't even flinch when we threatened to leave him there and even happily waved "bye bye!" to us.
Believe me, I was TEMPTED to do that. But alas, I was too chicken to do it. Maybe when he's older. And can call for help. LOL~~~
Daddy K was contemplating enrolling O in one of the special programs since he loves music so much. There's ongoing events including YogaGym, baby signing, balloon sculpturing etc…
There's also an Events room next to the playground which seemed to be rather popular. A birthday party just ended when we were there.
Admission fee for Giggles:
Age: <1 years old
Free admission for child, but adult pays $2 per pax
Age: 1 to 2 years old
Weekdays: $12 for unlimited play
Weekends and Public holidays: $12 for 2 hours. Subsequent half hour $4
Age: 3 to 12 years old
Weekdays: $20 for unlimited play
Weekends and Public holidays: $20 for 2 hours. Subsequent half hour $6
As with all indoor playgrounds, remember your socks! I'll recommend those that's anti-slip because of the wooden beams.
Fun at Giggles:
87 Marine Parade Central, #02-500B/C Singapore 440087
Open Daily 10:00 – 19:00


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Tuesday, January 22, 2013
Puddy Let's Exercise !
62 comments:
- Eric and Flynn said...
Poor Mr Puddy, you are so starved you haven't the energy to play.
- January 22, 2013 at 1:59 AM
- The Furries of Whisppy said...
Of course not, Mom! He doesn't have enough food = not enough energy = no mood to play!
- January 22, 2013 at 2:00 AM
- Cindy Adkins said...
Oh Puddy Boy, thank you for making me laugh today! You ARE looking a little plump! hee hee hee That's ok...I'm on a diet too!
Hugs and purrs from Buster, Rudy, Sam and Mom Cindy
- January 22, 2013 at 2:01 AM
- Sweet Purrfections said...
Of course he's not going to play with it when you want him to.
- January 22, 2013 at 2:08 AM
- Sparkle said...
Making something part of a healthy lifestyle just ruins everything, doesn't it, Mr. Puddy?
- January 22, 2013 at 2:22 AM
- Old Kitty said...
Mr Puddy!! You are toning and stretching your paws and neck!! We consider that super duper exercise for a Monday!! Yay!! Take care
- January 22, 2013 at 2:24 AM
- Brian said...
I don't know, that seemed pretty active to me!
- January 22, 2013 at 2:40 AM
- The Kitties of Purring Pines said...
Mr. Puddy, you must be starving if you don't have the energy to chase the toy! Surely your mommy sees this!
- January 22, 2013 at 2:42 AM
- Ginger Jasper said...
MOL you sure have your mum on the hope there sweety.. Hugs GJ xx
- January 22, 2013 at 2:58 AM
- ABBY said...
I got three words for you Mr Puddy:
Let's get physical!
(do you hear Olivia Newton John singing in the background, I know I do!)
- January 22, 2013 at 4:19 AM
- Cathy Keisha said...
Puddy is too malnurished to play. Actually, that's how I play. I move my paws.
- January 22, 2013 at 5:07 AM
- BeadedTail said...
It's not fun to play when your tummy isn't as full as it should be plus how do you play on demand for the camera? Humans just don't think things through sometimes.
- January 22, 2013 at 5:29 AM
- Janet Blue said...
Poor Mr. Puddy is probably too weak to eat! Try the laser light. I can run my kitties silly with that! Janet@TheCatOnMyHead
- January 22, 2013 at 6:36 AM
- Derby, Ducky said...
Way to fake her out playing.
- January 22, 2013 at 7:23 AM
- meowmeowmans said...
Puddy, we understand, pal. There are different levels of "active," right? :)
- January 22, 2013 at 7:58 AM
- Mark's Mews (Ayla, Iza, and Marley) said...
Puddy, ya know that if you move more and run around a lot, ya can probly have more food...
- January 22, 2013 at 8:50 AM
- Father Tom said...
Puddy, we're counting on you to show us how to get thin!
- January 22, 2013 at 9:18 AM
- The Island Cats said...
Puddy, I went to the vet today and you know what she told me?? That I have to diet!!! Just like you!! I can't believe it!! Maybe we could exercise together.
- January 22, 2013 at 9:20 AM
- Tamago said...
Oh Puddy, are you too hungry to move? Diet is tough! I hope you get used to the less amount of food and have your energy back!
- January 22, 2013 at 10:18 AM
- The Chair Speaks said...
We know how you feel Puddy. Just like our humans, we have those don't-want-move days! Purrs!
- January 22, 2013 at 11:06 AM
- Spitty-the-Kitty said...
Well! Perhaps "Diet Boy" was not in the "mood to play" because he is S-T-A-R-V-I-N-G!!! Poor Puddy, I can just see how thin and weak you are! Poor thing--you haven't even got the strength to stand up.
I know what would help!!! Some nice FOOD, Like an extra 1/4 cup even!! Right, Buddy?
Well, I tried, Man. But she's tough!
- January 22, 2013 at 11:37 AM
- Barbara said...
Poor boy, you're obviously wasting away with all that exercise. Wee soul...
- January 22, 2013 at 1:27 PM
- Hjulia huller om buller, eller Smulan, Amanda och deras 2 benta said...
We think you fool your mom a little ;-)
You just want more food or treats before you play with her.
- January 22, 2013 at 2:48 PM
- Gattina said...
Be careful Puddy, don't overdo it !
- January 22, 2013 at 4:59 PM
- Fireblossom said...
Puddy is his own cat! :-)
- January 22, 2013 at 7:24 PM
- Avalon Cat Cartoons said...
But you don't need to exercise! You already have the perfect figure ;-)
- January 22, 2013 at 7:28 PM
- Luna said...
Oh my lovely friend Puddy, I guess you are now so tired after this and you must go for a nap!Very deserved!
purrs and love
- January 22, 2013 at 8:09 PM
- D Ma said...
hate to be the bad cop mr. puddy but if you don't exercise your mom will keep you on that too little food diet...
- January 22, 2013 at 8:47 PM
- MandaBurms said...
GASP _ Diet boy oh poor Puddy. He must be starving hence no energy to play. SMILE
Love Leanne (who has some tubby burmese girls)
- January 22, 2013 at 9:37 PM
- Madi and Mom said...
MOL Puddy we cats do not perform on command unless there is a foodable reward.
Hugs madi
- January 22, 2013 at 10:01 PM
- da tabbies o trout towne said...
ya knead ta tell yur mum mr puddy... ya canna poss a blee mewv...e coz ya haznt had a good meel in ...play it up heer for sympathy...in yeerz... and de kitteh iz starvin...pizza piez pleez....
- January 22, 2013 at 10:10 PM
- Pretinha said...
Ânimo querido Puddy, você precisa fazer exercícios.
- January 22, 2013 at 10:52 PM
- cattywumpus said...
Poor Puddy! You are too weak from starvation to do more than lift a paw. This is good - your mom will feel guilty and give you a juicy prawn (or we will).
- January 22, 2013 at 11:41 PM
- Boo-Bah AKA Iris said...
Mr. Puddy you need to exercise your jaws on some chewy meat!!
- January 23, 2013 at 1:52 AM
- Cat Chat With Caren And Cody said...
Puddy you put out the same kind of effort that I do...Love, Cody
- January 23, 2013 at 2:17 AM
- GreatGranny said...
Handsome Puddy, you're just pleasingly plump. Doesn't Mom know that exercise has to be your idea? I love the laser light, more fun.
xoxo Kassey
- January 23, 2013 at 2:57 AM
- Loretta Thomas said...
Oh my goodness, I am still laughing, his movement is ever so slight! Hello, I am Miss Kitty and your new follower! I want to invite you to visit my new blog and follow me too...will you follow me Mr Puddy? I'd love having you. Mummy says to thank your Mummy... Thank You Mr Puddy's Mum!
Lots of Purrs & Hugs,
Miss Kitty & Mum
- January 23, 2013 at 3:13 AM
- Marg said...
Too funny Puddy. If you aren't getting any food, how can you run after the rope.Maybe you just weren't in the mood. Love those pictures though.
- January 23, 2013 at 3:31 AM
- Kjelle Bus said...
Poor Poor you , Mr Puddy, you are so starved you haven't the energy to play :(
Sure hope you will get larger food portions soon so you be able to play :)
- January 23, 2013 at 4:43 AM
- LP said...
Puddy, we are WEEPING for you over here! It is sooo obvious that you are just wasting away! Pretty soon all we will see is skin and bones!! Maybe your Mama will make the connection betwen no energy to play and the need for MORE food.(we hope your Mama got the message Puddy...we tried... ;) ).
the critters in the cottage xo
- January 23, 2013 at 6:10 AM
- Pattyskypants said...
He's weak from hunger. Can't move. Gotta conserve his energy.
- January 23, 2013 at 7:43 AM
- Tillie and Georgia said...
Oh no!! First the diet,now exercise????
Arrrghhhh!!!!!! Purrs Puddy ;)
Purrs Tillie and Georgia,
Treasure,Tiger, JJ and Julie
- January 23, 2013 at 7:46 AM
- michico*Adan said...
I can totally understand the expression from your eyes.
- January 23, 2013 at 8:30 AM
- Cherry City Kitties said...
Wait til the middle of the night... then move everywhere, up and down the hall, run and jump on the bed... that'll teach her!
Harry, Dexter and Tipp
- January 23, 2013 at 8:56 AM
- Spitty-the-Kitty said...
Poor thing--still at it I see. Well, I'll try to follow along, but mostly I just fall asleeee......
- January 23, 2013 at 10:22 AM
- Shaggy and Scout said...
Poor Puddy has no energy to chase the rope! Feed him!!!
- January 23, 2013 at 10:39 AM
- The Cat From Hell said...
Mr Puddy,
Me would not play if me was not fed!
- January 23, 2013 at 11:05 AM
- Clooney said...
Man that diet is taking all your energy buddy! I'z going to Fed-Ex you some Num-Nums pronto! (PS: We loved your Mousebreath interview, we are sorry we missed your comment cut-off.)
- January 23, 2013 at 11:23 AM
- CATachresis said...
I think you make your point Mr Poot! All the energy is generated from the rear, eh?? !!! MOL xx
- January 23, 2013 at 6:08 PM
- Hannah and Lucy said...
Mr Puddy you must be too weak to play with your Mom.
Luv Hannah and Lucy xx xx
- January 23, 2013 at 9:52 PM
- ButterBean said...
Dear Puddy - thank you for your kind offer to send us your hots .. maybe we can compromise - i send you cold you send me hots and we can both have normal temperatures .. ?
- January 24, 2013 at 12:40 AM
- Layla ( Cat Wisdom 101) said...
Aw Puddy, we wanted to see you dance Gangnam style!
- January 24, 2013 at 3:15 AM
- Photo Cache said...
you don't have enough energy to play now that you don't have enough food to supply that energy right?
keep it up.
emma and buster
- January 24, 2013 at 8:39 AM
- Katz Tales said...
LOL, piggy Puddy? We didn't hear that. MOL!
- January 24, 2013 at 8:40 AM
- Keisha said...
I hope u win the aerobics contest. :)
- January 24, 2013 at 8:29 PM
- CCL Wendy said...
I think maybe Mr. Puddy doesn't have enough energy to play because he's STARVING!!!
Poor baby.
- January 24, 2013 at 9:40 PM
- Jacqueline said...
We like to dance with the cat dancer toy, but mostly, it's our Mommy who works out and we lay around and watch...We think you need more food for more energy, sweetie!...love and hugs, handsome friend...xoxo...Calle, Halle, Sukki
- January 25, 2013 at 12:28 AM
- Cat Street Boyz said...
Oh geez, don't you just hate the hunger games.......tee hee=^Y^=
- January 25, 2013 at 9:12 AM
- Diamond said...
you moved both paws and she still wants more action!!!
Princess Aurora (Shubunkin)
- January 25, 2013 at 4:59 PM
- Zee and Zoey - Deb Barnes said...
"Diet Boy!" What a nickname! Well, you did move both paws, so we don't know what the fuss is all about!
- January 26, 2013 at 11:17 PM
- FURKIDSMOM said...
You moved TWO paws? Gee....after seeing that we need a nap!!! You must be exhausted!
The Florida Furkids
- January 27, 2013 at 9:40 PM
- Jan's Funny Farm said...
Aw, Mr. Puddy, we feel for you. Same size, but 1/2 food = 1/2 energy, right? Speaking of energy, nap time.
- January 28, 2013 at 4:49 AM


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Fabulous Rayon flannel shift with white satin trim. High roll collar. Fitted glove length Dolman sleeves. Genuine Mother-of-Pearl buttons. Narrow wiggle skirt with kick pleat. Zipper down the middle of the back. Beautifully constructed, couture quality by Mr. Mort! Excellent vintage condition. Bust 34", Undefined flexible waist, Hips to 37", Length 42".
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For Class 9th & 10th
Under the guidelines of CBSE, New Delhi, the school is following Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation pattern of examination for Classes 8th. 9th & 10th to evaluate Child's Performance throughout the year. The session is divided into two terms.
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Quiet today, snow for some tomorrow
Posted: Mar 23, 2018 5:23 AM EST
Today will be another sunny day with temperatures in the low/mid 40s. Winds will be lighter only 5-10mph. Clouds increase after 5 PM ahead of the next system. The wintry system moves into Michiana Saturday morning after 8 AM, bringing a chance for snow/mix to areas mainly south of US 30. Parts of Starke, Fulton and Marshall counties will receive around 1" of snow, but Pulaski county could see between 1 and 3". It's a sharp cut off, with more than 3" falling just south of Michiana. We clear up by Saturday night, and are dry and mostly sunny on Sunday.
Friday: Mostly sunny, high of 44.
Saturday: Chance of rain/snow, high of 38.
Sunday: Mostly sunny, high of 45.
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Great American Tower is the newest icon in the Cincinnati skyline. It's the tallest, strongest, greenest skyscraper downtown. The Class A office complex stands 665 feet and 41 stories tall. At its peak sits a 300-ton, 130-foot exposed-steel tiara inspired by the crown of Princess Diana of Whales.
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