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text: GastronomyFastfood Sun Food (Baguette-shop) Sun Food baguette shop has a long tradition of making submarine sandwiches that are prepared in front of you. Sun Food also offers vegetable salads, burgers, veal kebab and many other delicacies. In the summer months there are two summer terraces with a children's corner and they set up delivery service for busy people. RelatedBabalooKing Size Burger

subset: commoncrawl


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McMinnville Scottish Festival .. We're putting the "Mac" back in McMinnville
McMinnville has grown to be an internationally recognized city in the heart of Willamette Valley known for its best small town main street, its place in the rich Willamette Valley wine industry, early UFO sightings, and the resting place of the Hercules (Howard Hugh's Spruce Goose).
With all this attention it seems few have pondered why it bears the name of McMinnville? Did anyone of importance in city history have that name? Are there Scottish or Irish roots?
As it turns out, no one in the city's history was named McMinnville. The city's founder William T. Newby (1820–1884), an early immigrant on the Oregon Trail, named the city after his home town McMinnville, Tennessee. He must have cared for his home quite a bit to establish a city across the country with the same name.
McMinnville does indeed have Scottish roots however; McMinnville, Tennessee was named after Governor Joseph McMinn (1758-1824). His grandfather, Robert McMinn (1690-1757) emigrated from his home in Perth, Scotland, to make a home in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
By importing the name of his hometown, William Newby intentionally, or unintentionally, brought a bit of Scotland to our city, McMinnville.
The Celtic Heritage Allicance is going to build on that Scottish connection and bring the "Mac" back in McMinnville in 2019 with the McMinnville Scottish Festival! Join us June 8th & 9th at Linfield College.
Celtic Heritage Alliance Board Profiles
Chris McLaran
As the current President of the Celtic Heritage Alliance, Chris welcomes you to the first annual Scottish Festival and Highland games in his home town of McMinnville. Community leadership is a passion for Chris as he actively serves as past chair of the Board for the McMinnville Chamber of Commerce, Chris has spent over the last 6 years at Oregon Mutual Insurance Group as their Government Affairs and Project Manager. He enjoys getting outdoors with his family, fishing, camping, and playing golf. Chris lives in McMinnville with his wife Niki and three children, Lauren (15), Ava (13), and Davis (11).
Ray Mabey
Vice President/Athletic Director
Ray, a MacLaren and McLean, is the Vice President of the Celtic Heritage Alliance, the non-profit organizing Scottish events in McMinnville this year, including the McMinnville Scottish Festival. A Scottish Heavy Events athlete, he has competed in over 80 highland games in the US, Canada and Scotland. He has won championships in Palmer, Homer, and Sitka Alaska, Victoria BC, Prosser Washington, and Portland, Athena and Winston Oregon. Ray is a graduate of Oregon State University, a Professional Engineer and a manager with the Oregon Department of Transportation. He has been blessed with two daughters currently 14 and 17.
Dave Mahn
Dave is currently an IT Specialist who works for Hagan Hamilton Insurance Solutions in McMinnville. In addition to volunteering as Treasurer for the Celtic Heritage Alliance, he serves on the board of directors for the McMinnville Chamber of Commerce, he and his wife Naomi own and run an IT consulting Firm (My System Shield LLC) and a property management company (Mahn Property Management LLC). When Dave isn't working he enjoys spending time with his wife Naomi and three boys Isaiah, Gabriel, and Corban.
Gretchen Yoder
Gretchen enjoyed attending Highland Games as a spectator before being dared in 2012 to go to her first practice and was immediately hooked. She was honored to attend the 2014 World Masters in Inverness, Scotland. She has been an Athletics Judge for 3 years Originally from Boston, her Scottish roots go back to Middle Ages and also include connections to each of the six Celtic Nations.
Chris Durig
At Large
Chris is Celtic Heritage Alliance's marketing aficionado. He is the mastermind behind the festival's website, social media presence, and ongoing promotions for CHA sponsored events. When Chris isn't buried at his office on 3rd St fighting the gods of Google and social platforms to help put the "Mac back in McMinnville," he is setting up at other festivals around the state offering a plethora of delicious treats from his own line of food trucks at Durig Catering. Chris enjoys wine barrel woodworking, playing on his tractor, and traveling with his wife Niki, and 5 children.
Tony Shouldis
At Large
Tony has lived in McMinnville since 1997, moving to McMinnville after getting out of the Marine Corps. After seeing ads for the Highland Games he always thought it would be something he would love to try. It wasn't until 2015 he was invited to a practice by an old High School friend who was competing in the games, that he came out to try it. That was about all it took, he checked out the Newport Celtic Festival, and Portland Highland Games as a spectator but couldn't sit on the sidelines any longer. He competed in the last 4 games of the 2015 season and has competed in as many games as possible from Northern California to Northern Washington every year since.
Andrew Anderson
At Large
Like many people, Andrew Anderson grew up in McMinnville, left during his youth, and in 2009 returned to McMinnville. Andrew is a Funeral Director with Macy and Son Funeral Home and has been developing personal relationships with families for over 20 years. Prior to coming back to McMinnville, Andrew served the families of the Salem/Keizer area. Andrew feels that serving our community is a ministry and is honored to help people through the most difficult times of their lives. He is compassionate, caring, understanding, and very dedicated to his profession. "I'm most proud of the fact that people have had the confidence in allowing me to serve their families – and, by doing so, helping them create meaningful tributes to fully honor their loved one," Andrew said.
Andrew's past community and civic involvements have included, Rotary Board Member, Alzheimer's Association Board, Chamber of Commerce, Senior Center, American Red Cross Executive Board, Oregon Funeral Directors Association Board, City of Salem Community Police Review Board, and most recently the Celtic Heritage Alliance Board. Andrew finds great joy in learning and celebrating his Celtic Heritage.
Andrew lives in McMinnville with his wife, Lisa (Dollar), and two young daughters, Alexa and Haley. In his spare time, Andrew enjoys golfing, college sports, traveling, and spending time with his family.
Rick Drakeley
At Large
After realizing Rick couldn't make it in professional bowling he started his cooking career in Salem. Moved away to the Midwest. Continued his obsession with providing friends with fresh, approachable food and well prepared drinks. Skip ahead a few years and one day he realized his heart was calling him back to Oregon.
Started searching for his ideal location to share his combined passion for food and drinks and stumbled across a business on McMinnville's historic 3rd Street. With the help and support of a fantastic group of people he created 411 eatery into what it is today: Four walls that house a restaurant and a cozy lounge to stop by after work for a couple drinks with life long or newly found friends, then bring your significant other back in for a memorable dinner. I truly treasure every person (well most everybody) that comes through my doors.
Heck, he was even lucky enough to have met his beautiful bride and new mother to be Katelyn(Flora) while she was sitting at his bar top sipping a cocktail. Rick says McMinnville has truly become "my" hometown. Still to this day you can find him in the bowling alley in his off time. He also loves spending time with his oldest daughter Mena. Stop by, I'd love to pour you a whisk(e)y and begin a new friendship.(ask about the gold shoes)
Bill Wilton
At Large
Originally, from Michigan, Bill is a pastor and a real estate broker. He has been pastor at Sunrise Church in McMinnville since 2001. He holds a Master's of Divinity degree from Calvin Theological Seminary and is currently working on a Doctorate degree. Bill is also a licensed real estate broker in the State of Oregon with Bella Casa Real Estate Group in McMinnville.
In Bill's personal life he enjoys international travel and has visited 43 different countries… so far. He regularly travels abroad to teach and train pastors. He has taught many times in Ukraine, Romania, India and Indonesia.
Bill's travels for a ministry conference took him to Scotland for the first time in 2014. When his plane touched down in Edinburgh he immediately felt at home. While in Scotland, Bill visited his maternal family roots near Loch Lomond. (Clan Buchanan) Later Bill discovered that his DNA is 50% Scottish (in spite of the English last name!) It also finally made sense of his attraction and appreciation for fish n' chips, sticky toffee pudding, single malt and Reformed theology.
In addition to international travel Bill enjoys the Oregon outdoors, fly fishing and sharing fine food and a good beverage with friends and strangers alike.


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Posted: Mar 25, 2017
HUNTSVILLE, Ala. – No. 1 BYU-Hawaii women's tennis moved to 18-0 on the season with a 6-0 sweep of Alabama A&M Saturday afternoon.
No. 1 Nannan Zhang started things off for the Seasiders defeating Alabama's A&M's (1-12) Virag Hollos 6-1, 6-0 and in the second court, No. 2 Min Liu took the 6-1, 6-1 victory over Beatriz Guiterrez.
No. 11 Xin Wen overtook Rida Khalid 6-1, 6-1. Leah Hemuli beat Shrarre Smith 6-2, 6-2 to give the Seasiders the 4-0 lead. Michelle Li Sha Khoo won 6-1, 6-3 in the fifth court and Jeong-Min Jeon double bageled against her opponent to give BYU-Hawaii the 6-0, 6-0 sweep.
The Seasiders continue their southeast trip facing No. 7 Columbus State on Monday at 1 p.m. EDT.


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Transcend StoreJet35T3 external hard drive
Transcend has unveiled the 3.5″ StoreJet35T3 with the SuperSpeed USB 3.0 interface. This device will hold about 2TB of storage space and is capable of transferring data up to 130MB/s. That means that it will transfer a whole DVD movie in just 30 seconds.
Some other features include a One Touch auto-backup button and it meets the European Union's eco-design requirements for Energy Related Products (ErP), while entering power-saving sleep mode automatically after ten minutes of inactivity.
TAGS: External Hard Drive, StoreJet35T3, Transcend


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- Home
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Chakras correspond to vital points in the physical body and are thought to revitalise the body
and to be associated with interactions of a physical, emotional and mental nature.
Your thoughts control the energy flow within and around you. Whatever you think about determines how you feel
and what you experience. Different energy centres within and around your body are influenced by your thinking habits. In other words,
the things you concentrate on the most – money, spirituality, relationships, and so on – affect your energy centres.
We call these energy centres, Chakras. Chakra Meditation is a core part of our technique used in Channeling Meditation.
The function of the chakras is to draw in this energy to keep the spiritual, mental, emotional and physical health
of the body in balance. The chakras are placed at differing levels of the body are said to be aligned in an ascending column
from the base of the spine to the top of the head.
Some of the reasons our chakras can become blocked are due to negative energy, psychic debris or leading an unhealthy lifestyle and diet. This is when we call upon healing experts to bring our chakras into perfect balance and alignment.
Chakra Healing Meditation is a great way to unblock and balance out the energy centres.
The 'root' Chakra "Muladhara" is situated at the perineum, just in front of the anus and symbolised as a lotus with four petals.
This is the seat of the dormant kundalini, associated with the earth element and the colour red.
The 'holy womb chakra' is located at the genitals. This chakra is symbolised as a lotus with six petals. The colour associated with this chakra is orange. Meditation on this chakra is said to destroy the six enemies – lust, anger, greed, delusion, pride and envy, to free one from ignorance and to bring knowledge.
The 'Solar Plexus' Manipura located at the navel, this chakra is symbolised as the ten petal lotus flower.
This chakra is associated with the fire element. Meditation on this chakra is said to bring about the power to destroy and create and all the wealth of knowledge is acquired.
The 'Heart Chakra' Anhata symbolised as the lotus with twelve petals.
This chakra is associated with the colours emerald green and rose pink. This lotus is likened to a wish fulfilling tree and meditation on it is said to bring great benefits including the power to create and destroy, steadiness of mind and great powers of concentration, complete control of all the senses, prosperity and great good fortune.
The 'Throat Chakra' Vishuddha located at the base of the throat. This chakra is symbolised as a lotus with sixteen petals and is called 'pure' because meditation on this chakra brings freedom from impurity. The Vishuddha chakra is the gateway to liberation for those who have purified and gained control over their senses and meditation on this lotus is said to bring eloquence, wisdom, peace of mind, knowledge of past, present and future, freedom from all vices and from disease and sorrow.
The 'Third Eye' Ajna located between the eyebrows, is symbolised as a lotus with two petals.
It is the command chakra, through which the yogi receives the command of the guru or teacher communicated telepathically.
Paranormal powers such as omniscience are acquired. The colour associated with this chakra is a brilliant violet light.
The 'Crown Chakra' Sahasrana also known as the 'thousand-petalled' lotus, and is situated at the crown of the head.
This resplendent centre represents the flowering of all spiritual practices, the seat of full enlightenment and absolute bliss.
In my moments of inspiration I created this simple animation below, associating the appropriate gem to its corresponding chakra. This gems and crystals assist with attaining the above mentioned benefits in meditation.
Join our meditation classes to experience our Chakra Healing Meditation. Click here to read more…


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TIME: 01:00 pm - 03:00 pmWebsite
Does your child dream of seeing their name in lights? Start the year with Goodspeed Musicals! Aspiring young performers 8 years and older are invited to register for up to 8 Master Classes taught by professional artists who have performed on the Goodspeed stage, on Broadway, and around the country. The Kids Company Master Class Series will provide one-of-a-kind master classes in various styles of musical theatre dance, acting, and singing in which students will learn new techniques and hone their skills in a supportive environment, while the songwriting class will introduce students to the creative process of writing an original musical.
Registration required. space is limited.


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We go through life searching desperately to find that one thing that we love doing to avoid the feeling of despair every morning before going into an unsatisfying work situation. Scott James Kuhlman, designer and founder of the successful menswear boutique Kulhman did just that. Today, Kuhlman is continuing to reach for his dreams by launching his clothing line Scott James. Italian craftsmanship, love of unique fabrics and a keen eye for fashion resulted in a stylish and modern aesthetic for this collection. The mixtures of color with a neutral palette generate balance and give the line a fresh look for the Spring/Summer season.
Written by: Curt Greenidge
Source: theheartonfire


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Five years on from the first release,
Vacant Valley is extremely pleased to present...
|Cover art: Claire Pannell
A unique and diverse anthology encompassing 23 artists from Australia and New Zealand. The range of recordings featured are unreleased, exclusive, live, or have been previously released in a limited fashion. The booklet will contain recording details, a collage of flyers and liner notes from the compiler/label runner Peter Bramley.
This compilation will mark five years since the first Vacant Valley release.
Over that time, the label has issued records by Pop Singles, King Tears Mortuary, Treehouse, Psy Ants, Go Genre Everything, Cured Pink, Per Purpose, Ghost Gums, The New Season, the Rough End Of The Stick compilation LP (The Stevens, White Walls, The Clits, Mad Nanna, etc) and more..
Artists featured on the Living In A Shadow compilation:
New South Wales, Australia
King Tears Mortuary, Shebeen Queen, Whitney Houston's Crypt
Victoria, Australia
Bridal Gnome, Go Genre Everything, Hex On The Beach, Orlando Furious, School Girl Report,
Shiny Coin, The Bunyip Moon, The New Season, Useless Children, WASP
Tasmania, Australia
All The Weathers, Bi-Hour, Drunk Elk, Treehouse
Queensland, Australia
Bitchratch, Cured Pink, Gerald Keaney & the Gerald Keaneys, Per Purpose, Psy Ants
Auckland, New Zealand
Girls Pissing On Girls Pissing
The entire compilation mastered by the legendary engineer/artist Simon Grounds
(who engineered records by God, Venom P. Stinger, Slub, Underground Lovers).
The cover art is by Perth based avant garde sound artist Claire Pannell
|The Wire magazine (UK)
(as of July 2015)
Melbourne, Victoria
Collectors Corner Missing Link, Gold Mine Records, Off The Hip, Polyester Records, Record Paradise, Vicious Sloth Collectables
Sydney, New South Wales
Brisbane, Queensland
Hobart, Tasmania
Perth, Western Australia
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Auckland, New Zealand
San Francisco, U.S.A.
London, U.K.
Rough Trade (East)
Nagold, Germany
Melbourne launch show
Friday 3rd April 2015 at Dane Certificate's Magic Tricks, Gags and Theatre.
Performing on the night:
SHEBEEN QUEEN (Sydney)


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I have a low mile stock LS1 engine I'm retrofitting into my 1971 Camaro. I plan on keeping my Terminator LS system to control everything. Intake is a LS6 intake and I'm planning on retaining drive by cable. I want to put on a new throttle body and there are very slim pickings on what's out there for a 78 mm 3 bolt intake. Everything is mostly 4 bolt and 92 mm or bigger.
Having said that, I was looking at a the Sniper EFI 86001 Throttle body. It's a 92mm 4 bolt piece. From a technical perspective, if I use the appropriate 92 mm to 78 mm spacer adapter to put this throttle body on my intake, would that pose any driveability issues having the larger throttle body opening? At this point the intake would be the bottle neck. If it's going to cause idle or other issues trying to match these parts, I'm going to try and find a smaller throttle body instead.
I want to reiterate, I'm not looking for more power by going to a bigger throttle body. I'm just trying use what's on the market for my application.
BTW, I've been "Googling" & researching this for days and led to this post. The information is all over the place and I can't nail down a definite answer. Thanks again.


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Role PlayingHelena on April 30, 2012 in Misc 4 Comments »
So a few nights ago I did a very minor action hero thing. I played at being someone else.
It didn't call for disguising myself or faking my way through an escape or anything so glamorous. Though I really should try doing just that sometime.
What happened was that during fencing I started role-playing, and the funny thing is it paid off.
See, I'm not really such a hot fencer, or at least it doesn't come naturally to me. Sure, I love to swashbuckle and have a good time, but in good fencing the blade work should be tight and controlled with no flailing around like in a movie. I like to flail so much I can look like Zorro on speed. Hence I get hit a lot. I'm also a mass of bad fencing habits, which keep hurting my game, which in turn can send my confidence through the floor and make me very nervous, which can be deadly for a fencer.
But the other night, in the middle of a bout, I did something strange. I suddenly started doing Jim.
See, Jim is one of the best fencers in the place – or in the state, for that matter. He has a distinctive style – tapping his foot forward in mere inches until suddenly he lunges-pulls-back-lunges-again, and with terrifying speed and blade accuracy. He moves with a Borg-like coolness and calculation and perfect confidence. You just plain can't rattle the guy. Well, earlier in the evening I had watched him picking off an opponent. Now here I was with the same opponent, and in a moment of despair (as usual I was losing) I channeled Jim.
It worked. I got several good hits. I still lost, but not by a huge spread.
Now by channeling I mean I really did try to BE Jim. Role-playing wasn't enough, 'cause when I tried to simply copy his techniques, I flubbed up. Imitation was insufficient. I discovered I had to step outside myself and however briefly pretend that I was in body, mind and emotion this guy. And believe me, it was tough trying to switch identities in the middle of fast-moving action. But in the moments when I succeeded I was a calmer, better fencer.
Funny, isn't it, how sometimes we have to get out of our own way if we want to get somewhere?
I really am serious now about this new approach. For the next few weeks I'm going to watch Jim like a hawk, and I'll watch the other best fencers until I have their moves and techniques down too. Then mentally I'm going to try to get into their bodies and heads when I fence. 'Cause I know firsthand that in some cases just being myself and doing what comes naturally will mean I'll fail.
How about you? Do you ever block your own path to success? Any techniques you have to get around the problem?


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Among the letters is one by Peanuts artist Charles Schulz, with accompanying Snoopy illustration, and one from British rock stars Chad and Jeremy.
Cartoons drawn into the margins of random pages.
Identifiable boxers in the photos are Muhammed Ali (then Cassius Clay), Floyd Patterson, Ezzard Charles, Joe Louis, Jake LaMotta and Sonny Liston.
Inside back cover.
Back cover.


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Google's robotic assistant, which can convincingly converse with a person to make a reservation and uses all-too-human sounding "umms" and other responses, was met with a mix of awe and concern after Google's opening I/O keynote.
Why it matters: Though incredibly impressive, there are a lot of questions about just how far Google has gotten in its effort to get its robot assistant to reliably converse with a human. That Google can do it successfully even part of the time is an impressive feat. It's not quite passing the Turing Test, but it's a big step in that direction.


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In Jain philosophy, karma are classified in many different ways. They are classified as Ghäti or Aghäti karma depending upon whether they subdue the qualities or innate nature of the soul or create physical environment of a living being. The same karma are also classified in a different way into Punya and Päp karma categories. Also, in Jain literature we come across other types of Karma like Dravya Karma, Bhava Karma, and Nokarma. However this article is not discussing these three types of karma.
Acquiring Karma and its Consequences
Jain philosophy explains that Karma is a matter which is made up of very fine and subtle particles that one cannot see or feel by any physical means. The entire universe is filled with such particles (we need to believe this by faith only).
When these karma particles attach (bond) to the soul it is called the bondage of karma. In general the bondage of karma occurs due to the soul's Mithyätva (illusion or ignorance), Avirati (vowlessness), Pramäda (spiritual laziness), Kashäya (anger, ego, deceit, greed etc.) and Yoga (activities of the mind, body, and speech).
Such bondage occurs for certain duration only. We do not have any karma attached to us forever. When the time of the attachment of karma is over then these karma will create an environment surrounding the soul and then they will immediately separate from the soul. The soul that is surrounded by such environment may feel pleasure or pain based on the surroundings created by these various types of karma and hence we acquire new karma. This process occurs at every moment in our life. This way under normal circumstances we will never be free of karma because at every moment we remove some old karma and acquire some new karma.
Types of Karma
Ghäti Karma
Ghäti karma subdue the innate qualities of a soul namely; infinite happiness (faith and conduct), infinite knowledge, infinite perception or vision, and infinite power or energy. They are divided into four categories.
Mohaniya Karma
Deluding Karma obscures blissful nature or happiness (faith and conduct) of the soul
Jnänävaraniya Karma
Obscures infinite Knowledge of the soul
Darshanävaraniya Karma
Obscures infinite Perception of the soul
Antaräya karma
Obstructs infinite Power and Energy of the soul
Aghäti karma
Aghäti karma are non-destructive to the innate qualities of the soul but are responsible for the creation of physical body, physical mind, social environment, and life span for the soul. They are also divided into four categories.
Vedaniya Karma
Creates Favorable or Unfavorable Physical Environment for the Soul
Näm karma
Physical Body and Physique Determining Karma
Gotra karma
Status Determining Karma
Äyu karma
Life Span Determining Karma
The above 8 categories of karma are divided into many (about 120) sub-categories. The same sub-categories are also categorized differently into Punya and Pap karma categories.
Punya or Pious Karma
We acquire Punya or pious karma when we perform or reflect upon virtuous activity with or without a feeling of self-satisfaction and accomplishment. When Punya karma matures they produce a result; they will create favorable environment conducive to spiritual life such as human life, healthy body, comfort, moral family etc.
A person may use such circumstances to progress himself spiritually or a person may use it to increase his power, fame, luxury, and/or comfort. This depends upon the person's free will or self determination (Purushärtha). However, if a person decides to progress further spiritually his Punya karma will have created a proper environment for him to do so. All Tirthankars fall into this category. In contrast however a few Chakravarti kings used this type of environment to increase their power throughout their life and went on to hell to suffer.
Pap Karma
We acquire Pap or sinful karma when we perform or reflect on any non-virtuous work associated with violence, dishonesty, stealing, not behaving chastely, attachment to worldly objects, anger, conceit, deceit, lust, revenge, and having impure thoughts. When the Päp karma mature and the results come to fruition, they will create an unfavorable environment which may bring misery, discomfort, unhappiness, and dissatisfaction to the living being. Under such environment, one rarely progresses spiritually.
Muni Kuragudu's life is one example that comes close to this situation. Due to Punya karma, he attained human life and became monk. However due to some Pap karma he could not fast (Upaväs) even on Samvatsari day. Yet he attained Keval-Jnän and liberation because he remained equanimous under very adverse circumstances.
Relationship among Ghäti, Aghäti, Punya and Pap karma
All Ghäti karma subdue the innate qualities of the soul and hence all four categories of Ghäti karma and all their sub-categories are classified as Päp or sinful karma.
Only Aghäti karma that are responsible for the physical environment of a living being are classified as the result of Punya karma or Pap karma.
· Certain sub-categories of Aghäti karma that produce a human life, a healthy body, high social status, and a longer life span are considered the result of Punya or virtuous karma.
· Certain sub-categories of Aghäti karma produce an unhealthy body, a shorter life span, low social status, poverty, birth in hell, or as an animal, insect, or in a vegetative state or similar categories. These are considered the result of Päp or sinful karma.
In summary all Punya Karma are Aghäti karma while Pap karma belongs to both Ghäti and Aghäti karma.
Discussion on Ghäti, Aghäti, Punya and Pap karma
Under normal circumstances, the environment created by Päp or sinful karma are not conducive to the spiritual progress of a soul because it produces an unhealthy body, a shorter life span, low social status, poverty, birth in hell, or as insects, animals etc.
Only the environment created by Punya karma are conducive to attain higher spiritual state because they can result in human birth, healthy body, spiritual education, a longer life span and so on. Without a human life and spiritual environment one cannot attain a Vitaräga state (a spiritual state beyond attachment and aversion) and hence Keval jnän (infinite knowledge).
Jain philosophy states that the following karma related events occur in the life of every living being:
· At every moment all 8 categories of karma (4 Ghäti karma and 4 Aghäti karma) together produce results and then they are released from the soul.
· At every moment 7 of 8 categories of new karma are attached to the soul and only once in a life time a soul acquires all 8 categories of karma. Äyu karma of the next life is acquired only once in a current life time.
· Only the Mohaniya karma (Mithyätva and Kashäya together) is responsible for the bondage of new karma of all 8 categories.
· In the absence of Mohaniya karma, no new karma are attached to the soul because of the presence of Jnänävaraniya, Darshanävaraniya, Antaräya, Vedaniya, näma, Gotra, and Äyu Karma.
If we think in terms of Punya and Pap karma, we can conclude that at every moment a person, who is always under the influence of Mohaniya karma, may acquire either all Pap karma or both Punya and Pap karma by reflecting and doing non-virtuous or virtuous activities.
Under no circumstances, a person will acquire only Punya karma and no Pap karma. This happens because any virtuous work done under the influence of Mithyätva and Kashäya will result in acquiring some Pap karma along with Punya karma. This process continues until one attains a very high spiritual state known as Vitaräga state (Spiritual state of 12th Gunasthänak).
Therefore; at every moment, we should be very alert and try our best to acquire maximum Punya karma and minimum Pap karma. Under such effort a net reduction in Ghäti karma will occur because all Ghäti karma are Pap karma only.
This can be accomplished by continuously reflecting on to the reduction of our Mithyätva and Kashäya (reduce Karta Bhava or ego) while continuously reflecting and doing pious or virtuous activities of body, speech and mind.
The highest pious activities of body, speech and mind are the six Abhyantar Tapa (internal austerities): Präyashchitta (repentance for bad deeds), Vinay (humility towards all living beings), Vaiyävruttya (rendering selfless service all living beings), Swädhyäy (study of the spiritual literature), Dhyäna (meditation on the nature of the soul), and Käyotsarga or Vyutsarga (remain in a complete state of equanimity).
In practicing these activities one eliminates all Ghäti karma and attains Vitaräga state and Keval-jnän. After the attainment of Keval-jnan, a person will have only punya karma left to shed. This will happen at the end of current life and results in the person attaining liberation.
Discussion of Two Important Questions
1. Sometimes people argue that "pap karma is an iron chain and punya karma is a golden chain for the soul". Since both are 'matter', neither can liberate the soul. The soul is liberated by becoming free of 'matter'; both punya and pap.
Spiritually the above logic is not correct because when a person removes all his Ghäti Pap Karma he attains Keval-jnän. All his Punya karma and other Aghäti Pap karma matter is still attached to him, but those karma cannot stop him in the attainment of liberation.
However, the above logic has created a incorrect perception in our community's mind that Jainism is a selfish religion and hinders the people from doing virtuous work.
2. In my teaching of Jain religion, I generally ask the following question:
Mahävir swämi attained Keval-jnän at the age of 42 and then he travelled for 30 years to preach the truth he has realized to the people. At the age of 72 he attained nirvana or liberation.
Why did he travel for 30 years to preach? He could have stayed at one of the cave in a meditation and still attain the liberation.
I get only one answer - Because of Tirthankar Näma Karma
In my opinion this is an incorrect statement, and here is my logical explanation:
Keval-Jnäni possesses "Yathäkhyäta Chäritra"; meaning his conduct is natural and according to the innate nature of the soul. In this state no karma can influence him. Karma has maximum influence on the people who are at Mithyätva state (1st Gunasthänak) and have no influence who are in a Keval-Jnäni state (13th Gunasthänak). So the answer does not fit the Jain philosophy at all.
The correct answer is that "Because of Compassion" Mahavir Swami preached two or three times a day every day and travelled for 30 years. Compassion is the innate nature of the soul. To indicate that "because of näma karma" he traveled and preached does not fit into the definition of what is natural conduct for a Keval-Jnäni.
A Word of Caution with Regards to Punya Karma
While doing virtuous activities, many a times due to our ignorance of reality (Mithyätva) and ego (Kashäya), a person feels (reflects) that because of his good effort or action many people are being helped or that because he is a big donor, a temple or hospital was able to be built. In doing such deeds, he receives a high social status and he takes great pride of this status.
But in acquiring these valid Punya or virtuous karma for his good deeds, he at the same time acquires maximum Pap karma because he has done the good work under the very high influence of Mohaniya karma to gain power and fame (Karta Bhava).
Hence Jainism warns that any virtuous activity done under Mithyätva and Kashäya state ultimately results in a sinful activity to that person even though other people and animals, and environment are being helped.
Only Ghäti karma and in particular Mohaniya karma hinders the soul in acquiring the Vitaräga State. Once one attains a state of Vitaräga by removing all Mohaniya karma, other three Ghäti karma become powerless and they are destroyed within 48 minutes without any effort and a person attains Keval-jnän. A Keval-Jnäni person attains liberation at the end of the current life and no fallback occurs during this time.
In the absence of Mohaniya karma, all other karma become totally powerless even though their present exist. None of them can provide any obstacle in the attainment of soul's liberation. Now theoretically one can say that any karma is a hindrance to the attainment of liberation, but it has no spiritual value.
Are We Capable of Removing Aghäti Karma before their Maturity?
No human being is capable of removing any Aghäti karma before their maturity. At the most we can modify them from one sub-category to another sub-category within the same group. Hence everyone has to complete these karma. Even after the attainment Keval-jnän, a person is not capable of removing such karma. They all have to wait until the completion of Äyu karma, because Äyu karma cannot be modified in the last life.
In case of a kevali person, if his time of Äyu karma is less than the maturity time of the remaining three Aghäti karma, then the kevali performs Samudghat near the end of his life. He expands his soul and spreads it across the entire universe (spreads throughout the 14 Rajlok area). This way he forces the remaining three Aghäti karma to mature earlier and produce their result in a very short time. After the completion of the three Aghäti karma, he withdraws his soul into his body. Then he withdraws his activities of body, speech, and mind. Now his spiritual state is considered 14th Gunasthänak. He stays in this state for few seconds and attains Nirvana.
In conclusion, we can say that we have to complete the maturity cycle of all Aghäti karma. Only Kevali can force the Aghati karma to mature earlier to coincide with the maturity time of the Ayu karma. However no one can force Ayu Karma of the last life to mature earlier.
One can easily conclude that in order to attain liberation, Jain philosophy teaches us that we continuously need to do virtuous activities like helping others, showing compassion to all beings, following a strict vegetarian (Vegan) diet, study and discussion of religion (Svädhyäya), and protecting the environment. However, while doing virtuous activities, we should remain very alert and should not get trapped by fame, power, high social status or frustration of not accomplishing the result. In other words we continuously need to reduce or eliminate Mohaniya (Mithyätva and Kashäya) karma.
Never think that Jainism teaches that Punya is a karma that hinders the soul in attaining liberation. Punya is a good Aghäti karma and no Aghäti karma hinders any innate qualities of the soul and hence Vitaräga state and Keval-jnäna. On the contrary Punya karma provide a favorable environment for the soul to attain Keval-jnän. It is our free will or determination (Purushärtha) that determines how we use of the favorable environment.
The Mohaniya karma is the single most dangerous karma because due to this karma we acquire all other karma and hence one cannot attain Vitaräga state and in result, Keval-jnän.
The Mohaniya karma can easily be removed if we properly use the environment created by Punya karma for our spiritual growth, which is a human life-form, a healthy body, a good spiritual education, and so on. In conclusion, the essence of Jain philosophy is very clear. In order to attain liberation, one should continuously do virtuous activities without any expectation of the fruits of his work. In future this will provide a more conducive environment to eliminate Mohaniya karma which is the only karma that hinders a person's ability in attaining Keval-jnän and liberation. Without the presence of Mohaniya karma, all other karma become powerless.
Pravin K Shah
Jaina Education Committee
Raleigh, NC USA
February 18, 2011
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text:
Look at those irregular adverbs:
C'est un refus absolu: je refuse absolument.
It's an absolute refusal: I refuse absolutely.
C'est un joli décor: vous avez joliment transformé cette scène.
It's a pretty set: you prettily transformed this stage.
C'est vrai: on l'a vraiment fait.
It's true: we really did it.
Although regular adverbs are formed from feminine adjectives by adding -ment (see Forming regular adverbs with -ment), when the masculine form of the adjective ends in any other vowel than a silent e, the adverb is formed from the masculine form instead of the feminine.


text:
Harvard College
This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. (April 2017)
Harvard College is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Harvard University. Founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States[2] and one of the most prestigious in the world.[3]
|Private school
The school came into existence in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court (colonial legislature, second oldest in British America) of the Massachusetts Bay Colony—though without a single building, instructor, or student. In 1638, the college became home for North America's first known printing press, carried by the ship John of London.[4][5] Three years later, the college was renamed in honor of deceased Charlestown minister John Harvard (1607–1638) who had bequeathed to the school his entire library and half of his monetary estate.
Harvard's first instructor was schoolmaster Nathaniel Eaton (1610–1674); in 1639, he also became its first instructor to be dismissed, for overstrict discipline.[6] The school's first students were graduated in 1642. In 1665, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck (c. 1643–1666) "from the Wampanoag … did graduate from Harvard, the first Indian to do so in the colonial period."[7]
The colleges of England's Oxford and Cambridge Universities are communities within the larger university, each an association of scholars sharing room and board. Harvard's founders may have envisioned it as the first in a series of sibling colleges on the English model which would eventually constitute a university—though no further colleges materialized in colonial times. The Indian College was active from 1640 to no later than 1693, but it was a minor addition not operated in federation with Harvard according to the English model. Harvard began granting higher degrees in the late eighteenth century, and it was increasingly styled Harvard University, even as Harvard College was increasingly thought of as the university's undergraduate division in particular.[citations needed throughout]
Today Harvard College is responsible for undergraduate admissions, advising, housing, student life, and athletics – generally all undergraduate matters except instruction, which is the purview of Harvard University's Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The body known as The President and Fellows of Harvard College retains its traditional name despite having governance of the entire University. Radcliffe College (established 1879)[8] originally paid Harvard faculty to repeat their lectures for women students. Since the 1970s, Harvard has been responsible for undergraduate governance matters for women; women were still formally admitted to and graduated from Radcliffe until a final merger in 1999.[9]
About 2,000 students are admitted each year, representing less than five percent of those applying; of those admitted, more than four-fifths choose to attend.[10][11][12] Very few transfers are accepted.[13]
Midway through the second year, most undergraduates join one of fifty standard fields of concentration (what most schools call academic majors); many also declare a secondary field (called minors elsewhere). Joint concentrations (combining the requirements of two standard concentrations) and special concentrations (of the student's own design) are also possible.[citation needed]
Most Harvard College concentrations lead to the Artium Baccalaureus (A.B.), normally completed in four years. A smaller number receive the Scientiarum Baccalaureus (S.B.). There are also special degree programs, such as a five-year program leading to both a Harvard undergraduate degree and a Master of Arts from the New England Conservatory of Music.
Undergraduates must also fulfill the general education requirement of coursework in a few designated fields. Each student's exposure to a range of intellectual areas, while pursuing a chosen concentration in depth, fulfills the injunction of Harvard past-president Abbott Lawrence Lowell that liberal education should produce "men who know a little of everything and something well."[14]
In 2012, dozens of students were disciplined for cheating on a take-home exam in one course.[15] The university instituted an honor code beginning in the fall of 2015.[16][17]
The total annual cost of attendance, including tuition and room and board, for 2018–2019 was $67,580.[18] Under financial aid guidelines adopted in 2012, families with incomes below $65,000 no longer pay anything for their children to attend. Families with incomes between $65,000 to $150,000 pay no more than 10 percent of their annual income.[19]
House systemEdit
Nearly all undergraduates live on campus, for the first year in dormitories in or near Harvard Yard and later in the upperclass houses—administrative subdivisions of the college as well as living quarters, providing a sense of community in what might otherwise be a socially incohesive and administratively daunting university environment. Each house is presided over by a senior-faculty dean, while its Allston Burr Resident Dean—usually a junior faculty member—supervises undergraduates' day-to-day academic and disciplinary well-being.
The faculty dean and resident dean are assisted by other members of the Senior Common Room—select graduate students (tutors), faculty, and university officials brought into voluntary association with each house. Many tutors reside in the house, as do the faculty dean and resident dean. Terms like tutor, Senior Common Room, and Junior Common Room reflect a debt to the residential college systems at Oxford and Cambridge from which Harvard's system took inspiration.[20]
The houses were created by President Lowell in the 1930s to combat what he saw as pernicious social stratification engendered by the private, off-campus living arrangements of many undergraduates at that time. Lowell's solution was to provide every man—Harvard was male-only at the time—with on-campus accommodations throughout his time at the college; Lowell also saw great benefits flowing from other features of the house system, such as the relaxed discussions—academic or otherwise—which he hoped would take place among undergraduates and members of the senior common room over meals in each house's dining hall.[21]
The way in which students come to live in particular houses has changed greatly over time. Under the original "draft" system, masters negotiated privately over the assignment of "rising sophomores" (next academic year's sophomores), considered most or least promising.[citation needed] From the 1960s to the mid-1990s, each student ranked the houses according to personal preference, with an impersonal lottery resolving the oversubscription of more popular houses. Today, groups of one to eight freshmen form a block which is then assigned, essentially at random, to an upperclass house.
A total of nine "River Houses" are located south of Harvard Yard, near the Charles River: Adams, Dunster, Eliot, Kirkland, Leverett, Lowell, Mather, Quincy, and John Winthrop House. Their construction was financed largely by a 1928 gift from Yale alumnus Edward Harkness, who, frustrated in his attempts to initiate a similar project at his alma mater, eventually offered $11 million to Harvard.[a][25] Two of the new houses, Dunster and Lowell, were completed in 1930.[22]
Construction of the first houses began in 1929,[22] but the land on which they were built had been assembled decades before. After graduating from Harvard in 1895, Edward W. Forbes found himself inspired by the Oxford and Cambridge systems during two years of study in England; on returning to the United States he set out to acquire such land between Harvard Yard and the Charles River as was not already owned by Harvard or some associated entity. By 1918 that ambition had been largely fulfilled and the assembled land transferred to Harvard.[26][27]
The three "Quad Houses" enjoy a residential setting half a mile (800 m) northwest of Harvard Yard. These were built by Radcliffe College and housed Radcliffe College students until the Harvard and Radcliffe residential systems merged in 1977.[28] They are Cabot, Currier, and Pforzheimer House. A thirteenth house, Dudley House, is nonresidential but fulfills, for some graduate students and the (very few) undergraduates living off campus, the administrative and social functions provided to on-campus residents by the other twelve houses. Harvard's residential houses are paired with Yale's residential colleges in sister relationships.
By the late 19th century, critics of intercollegiate athletics, including Harvard president Charles William Eliot, believed that sports competition had become over-commercialized and took students away from their studies, and they called for reform and limitations on all sports.
This opposition prompted Harvard's athletic committee to target 'minor' sports—basketball and hockey—for reform and regulation in order to deflect attention from the major sports—football, baseball, track, and crew. The committee made it difficult for the basketball team to operate by denying financial assistance and limiting the number of overnight away games in which the team could participate.
Several losing seasons, negative attitudes toward the commercialization of intercollegiate sports, and the need for reform contributed to basketball's demise at Harvard in 1909.[29]
Originating in 1852, the Harvard–Yale Regatta is the oldest intercollegiate athletic rivalry in the United States. Also well known is the annual Harvard–Yale football game.
Student organizationsEdit
Harvard has hundreds of undergraduate organizations.[30] The Phillips Brooks House Association acts as an umbrella service organization.
In an effort to marginalize organizations that "contribute to a social life and a student culture that for many on our campus is disempowering and exclusionary",[31] students entering in the fall of 2017 or later who join unrecognized single-sex organizations (such as single-sex "final clubs", fraternities, and sororities) will be barred from campus leadership positions such as team captaincies, and from receiving recommendation letters from Harvard requisite for certain scholarships and fellowships.[32]
Notable alumniEdit
- Architecture
- Buckminster Fuller (expelled)
- Philip Johnson
- Arts
- Ellen Harvey
- Alex Kahn
- Waldo Peirce
- Marina Rosenfeld
- Astronautics
- Stephanie Wilson
- Astronomy
- Andrew Fraknoi
- Athletics
- Craig Adams
- Matt Birk
- Emily Cross
- Ryan Fitzpatrick
- Bobby Jones
- Jeremy Lin
- Esther Lofgren
- Dominic Moore
- Christopher Nowinski
- Ryan Max Riley
- Paul Wylie
- Biology
- Harold M. Weintraub
- Business
- Steve Ballmer
- Lloyd Blankfein
- Jim Cramer
- Bill Gates (did not graduate)
- James Halperin (did not graduate)
- Trip Hawkins
- William Randolph Hearst (rusticated)
- Sumner Redstone
- Mark Zuckerberg (did not graduate)
- Economics
- Ben Bernanke
- Martin Feldstein
- Jason Furman
- Steven Levitt
- Merton Miller
- Eduardo Saverin
- Robert M. Solow
- James Tobin
- Education
- Prince Lucien Campbell
- John Phillips
- Edwin H. Baker Pratt
- Journalism
- Harry Cross
- Nelson Denis
- Hendrik Hertzberg
- Nicholas D. Kristof
- Anthony Lewis
- Walter Lippmann
- Leon Neyfakh
- Sylvia Poggioli
- David E. Sanger
- Sanford J. Ungar
- Law
- Harry Blackmun
- Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
- John Roberts
- David Souter
- Literature
- James Agee
- William S. Burroughs
- Michael Crichton
- E. E. Cummings
- John Dos Passos
- W. E. B. Du Bois
- T. S. Eliot
- Jean Kwok
- Norman Mailer
- Edmund Pearson
- Max Perkins
- Erich Segal
- Wallace Stevens
- John Updike
- Mathematics
- Manjul Bhargava
- Buddy Fletcher
- Theodore Kaczynski
- Tom Lehrer
- Performing arts
- Charlie Albright
- Darren Aronofsky
- Paris Barclay
- Leonard Bernstein
- Andy Borowitz
- Amy Brenneman
- Carter Burwell
- Nestor Carbonell
- Rivers Cuomo
- Matt Damon (did not graduate)
- Nelson Denis
- Fred Gwynne
- Hao Huang
- Rashida Jones
- Tommy Lee Jones
- Colin Jost
- Jack Lemmon
- Ryan Leslie
- John Lithgow
- Donal Logue
- Yo-Yo Ma
- Terrence Malick
- Lorenzo Mariani
- Tom Morello
- Dean Norris
- Conan O'Brien
- Natalie Portman
- Joshua Redman
- Meredith Salenger
- Elisabeth Shue
- Michael Stern
- Whit Stillman
- Mira Sorvino
- James Toback
- Philosophy
- Donald Davidson
- Daniel Dennett
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Charles Sanders Peirce
- W.V.O. Quine
- George Santayana
- Henry David Thoreau
- Physics
- Philip Warren Anderson
- Theodore Hall
- Thomas S. Kuhn
- J. Robert Oppenheimer
- Neil deGrasse Tyson
- Politics
- John Adams
- John Quincy Adams
- Samuel Adams
- Charlie Baker
- Benazir Bhutto
- Pedro Albizu Campos
- Sir George Downing
- Al Franken
- Rahul Gandhi
- Elbridge Gerry
- Al Gore
- John Hancock
- Edward M. Kennedy
- John F. Kennedy
- Robert F. Kennedy
- Henry Kissinger
- Matthew Mayhew
- Masako Owada
- Deval Patrick
- Tom Ridge
- Jay Rockefeller
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Chuck Schumer
- Meshech Weare
- John Weston
- Religion
- Joseph Stevens Buckminster
- Aga Khan IV
- Cotton Mather
- Increase Mather
- Jonathan Mayhew
- Theodore Parker
- Samuel Parris
- ^ As of 1 March 2018[update]. "Harvard at a Glance". Harvard University. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
- ^ Rudolph, Frederick (1961). The American College and University. University of Georgia Press. p. 3. ISBN 0-8203-1285-1.
- ^ Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University. Oxford University Press. pp. 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0.
Harvard's professional schools... won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. (...) Harvard's age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes.
Spaulding, Christina (1989). "Sexual Shakedown". In Trumpbour, John (ed.). How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. pp. 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9.
...[Harvard's] tremendous institutional power and prestige (...) Within the nation's (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning...
- ^ "The instrument behind New England's first literary flowering". Harvard University. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
- ^ "Rowley and Ezekiel Rogers, The First North American Printing Press" (PDF). Maritime Historical Studies Centre, University of Hull. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
- ^ Samuel Eliot Morison, Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936 (1986)
- ^ Monaghan, E. J., 2005, p. 55, 59
- ^ Schwager, Sally (2004). "Taking up the Challenge: The Origins of Radcliffe". In Laurel Thatcher Ulrich (ed.). Yards and Gates: Gender in Harvard and Radcliffe History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 87–115. ISBN 1403960984.
- ^ Radcliffe Enters Historic Merger With Harvard. The Harvard Crimson (Report). Retrieved May 6, 2016.
- ^ "Record-Low 4.59 Percent of Applicants Accepted to Harvard Class of 2022". The Harvard Crimson. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
- ^ "Record-Low 4.5 Percent of Harvard College Applicants Accepted to Class of 2023". The Harvard Crimson. 29 March 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
- ^ 83 Percent of Harvard College Admits Accept Spots in Class of 2023 – Harvard News Office
- ^ Menz, Petey. "The Real 1%: Harvard Admits 15 Transfer Students". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ^ Lewis, Harry R. (2007). Excellence Without a Soul: Does Liberal Education Have a Future?. PublicAffairs. p. 48. ISBN 9781586485375.
- ^ Perez-Pena, Richard (February 1, 2013). "Students Disciplined in Harvard Scandal". The New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
- ^ Patel, Dev A.; Watros, Steven R. (May 7, 2014). "Faculty Approves College's First Honor Code, Likely Effective Fall 2015". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
"Likely beginning in the fall of 2015, all College students will be required to make a regular affirmation of integrity, the nature and frequency of which will be determined next year"...
- ^ Harrington, Rebecca (September 14, 2012). "Song of the Cheaters". The New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
"...an honor code, a system ... Harvard has long resisted
- ^ "Cost of Attendance". Harvard University. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- ^ "Harvard increases financial aid to low-income students". The Harvard Gazette. September 1, 2011.
- ^ Harvard College Office of Residential Life (2008). "History of the House System". Retrieved 2008-04-20.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1936). Three Centuries of Harvard: 1636–1936. pp. 476–478.
- ^ a b c Bethell, John (1998). Harvard Observed: An Illustrated History of the University in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 102–103. ISBN 9780674377332.
- ^ "Gifts – 1928–1929" (Press release). Harvard University News Office. June 20, 1929. HU 37.5, Harvard University Archives, Cambridge, Massachusetts "This figure [of gifts and legacies received during the year] includes $5,444,000 received from E. S. Harkness to defray the expenses of constructing the first Harvard houses."
- ^ John B. Fox, Jr. (2007). The Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University, 1686–1933. President and Fellows of Harvard College. p. 142.
- ^ "Harkness and History". Harvard Magazine. November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- ^ Lowe, Charles U. "The Forbes Story of the Harvard Riverside Associates: How Harvard Acquired the Land on which Lowell House was Built," February 20, 2002.lowell.harvard.edu Archived 2010-04-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Sacks, Benjamin J. "Harvard's 'Constructed Utopia' and the Culture of Deception: the Expansion toward the Charles River, 1902–1932," The New England Quarterly 84.2 (June 2011): 286–317.[1]
- ^ Sofen, Adam A. "Radcliffe Enters Historic Merger With Harvard, April 21, 1999.[2]
- ^ Horger, M. (2005). "A Victim of Reform: Why Basketball Failed at Harvard, 1900–1909". New England Quarterly. 78 (1): 49–76.
- ^ "Student Organization List". osl.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
- ^ Khurana, Rakesh. "Letter concerning membership in unrecognized single-gender social organizations" (PDF).
- ^ Saul, Stephanie (May 6, 2016). "Harvard Restrictions Could Reshape Exclusive Student Clubs". The New York Times.
Further readingEdit
- King, M. (1884). Harvard and Its Surroundings. Cambridge: Moses King.
- Monaghan, E. J. (2005). Learning to Read and Write in Colonial America. Boston: UMass Press.
External linksEdit
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harvard University.
|Wikisource has the text of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th ed.) article Harvard College.


text:
Real Madrid coach Zinedine Zidane hailed the attitude of his players and the finishing of Gareth Bale after the Welshman's hat trick along the way to Saturday evening's 5-0 stroll past Deportivo La Coruna at the Estadio Santiago Bernabeu.
The mood in the Bernabeu stands was much more positive than during the last few months of Benitez's ill-starred and short time in charge, with the players on the pitch looking more liberated and confident than in some recent games.
Saturday's La Liga results sees Madrid stay third, two points off leaders Barcelona, one behind second placed Atletico Madrid, with a game more played than both title rivals.
Cristiano Ronaldo did not join his fellow attackers on the scoresheet, but Zidane insists that he was still happy with the contribution that the Portuguese forward made.
"Nothing has changed among the players, what's changed is the coach, and I'm going to try and make them play in the best way possible. What I liked the most was the attitude. It's not easy to win 5-0 and I was impressed with the attitude of those who played and those who didn't," Zidane told reporters.
"Gareth just has to do what I've asked everyone else to do, which is to defend without the ball and open the pitch up and play when we have it.
"Cristiano played really well. He always feels he has to score because that's what he likes to do but I thought he played well. I'm sure he'll score in other games."
Zidane sought to keep a low profile in his post-match press conference:
"Whenever you win a game, as a coach you can't be anything but happy. I'm happy, that's all.
"He underscored the way his players approached the game: "The thing I was most pleased about was the attitude of those who played and those who didn't. It's not easy to put five past a team like La Coruña."
The Frenchman promised to work on improving the team's weaknesses:
"Real Madrid always have to win. The main thing is the attitude. We have to improve in lots of areas, and we're going to. We've got time."
As for his tactical changes, he said,
"The objective was to try to play the ball out from the back and switch flanks quickly. We did that and we're going to improve on it."
"The crowd were fantastic, behind the team right from the kick-off through to the final whistle. There was a great atmosphere, but this is the first game. We'll have to see what happens in the next one. The plan is to play good football and to win", he concluded.


text:
Celebrity Ink: SVA's Jenai Chin Talks Tattooing Superstars
January 11, 2017
From V Magazine: "For our January issue, Mario Testino collaborated with tattoo artist Jenai Chin to bring his punk fantasy to life on the bodies of supermodels Kendall Jenner, Joan Smalls, Lara Stone, and more—an extensive process that took hours to complete. A lifelong New Yorker, Chin has become known for her pin-up-inspired aesthetic, and has worked with everyone from Beyoncé to Taylor Swift. Here, she shares behind-the-scenes moments from the shoot, her most memorable tattoos, and what it really means to get inked.
Walk me through the artwork for the shoot. How did you come up with the tattoos?
Jenai Chin: First, we talked about doing pin-up versions of each of the cover girls, which I love because the style I usually do is traditional style tattoos. So I came up with variations to represent each of the girls. And then, as we moved along in the process, I had an epiphany moment in the shower, and it was like: what I should probably do is for each of the girls that we're going to feature, have the tattoos that were on them in the shoot, represented in the actual tattoos. Joan [Smalls] got a heartbreaker heart and I put her into that for the tattoo that comes with the issue. Lara [Stone] loved the horseshoe I did on her for the shoot, so she got a horseshoe that says "Lucky You." I had done a snake on Kendall [Jenner] wrapped up on her leg, so I had her wrapped into one for her tattoo. So each of the girls got a representation of the tattoos they had.
What medium did you use for the illustrations?
JC: These are all tattoo inks and watercolor.
Tell me about the shoot. How long did it take to tattoo each girl? What was the energy like on set?
JC: It was so much fun. I feel like I'm so lucky because it's something so different from what the girls are traditionally used to, like makeup or body painting. But tattoos aren't something that a lot of people get in a shoot. I had a lot of drawings that I brought with me. The way I work with it is that I'll have a drawing; I'll make a stencil of it and the stencil is made out of the same things that we do for real tattoos, so that goes onto the skin and instead of me using a needle and ink, I just use paint and airbrushing. Depending on what each girl got, the tattoo could have run anywhere from a half hour to an hour and a half. Kendall's was very large with a lot of line work..." (For the full interview and an image slideshow, click here)


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Photography Classes in Hunter OK
Interested in learning about photography in Hunter OK? No matter if you are a professional, beginner, or hobbyist, the best approach to improving your photography abilities is through hands-on classes with professional instructors.
Oklahoma features many accredited and recognized photography schools. Subjects taught in photography classes include digital capture, lighting techniques, exposure, composition, outdoor photography, and many other basic and advanced camera techniques. Being an accomplished photographer can pave the road to a lifelong hobby or a booming professional career.
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Hunter OK Photography Classes
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It is simple sometimes the old school solutions and products are better than to modern substitutes!… Bee's Knees Zipper Wax is the best! Bee's Knees Zipper Wax is the only multi-purpose product that is:
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Save the sweat for the bedroom. Exercising your PC muscle with our Kegel weights gives you all the gain without the pain.
- 3 Kegel sets for graduated strength training
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- Set of 3 Kegel weights
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Ships Everywhere.


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Samsung's latest and greatest smartphone was announced a few short days ago at the Mobile World Congress, and if you've been following news and rumors regarding this device as closely as we have, you would also know about the huge amount of press the device generated before the official announcement. After the official announcement, one does get to gauge how much the pre-announcement hubbub gets converted into actual sales figures. If the tweet from T-Mobile's CEO is anything to go by, user interest in the Samsung Galaxy S5 has not ebbed. Mike Sievert, CEO T-Mobile has announced via Twitter that T-Mobile's pre-registration of the iconic Galaxy S5 has crossed a 100K user registration mark. T-Mobile had launched the pre-registration page to gauge customer inclination for Samsung's latest flagship device, immediately after the announcement at the MWC. In his own words, Sievert had anticipated that the Samsung Galaxy S5 launch would "be big", however it seems even the man himself had not anticipated such a huge demand.
On T-Mobile's online store, the Samsung Galaxy S5 now has its own placeholder, which declares the price of the device to be a whopping $672. Though the device seems overpriced, in comparing it to its unlocked older sibling – the Samsung Galaxy S4 – it is worth noting that the Galaxy S5 is around $48 more than the Galaxy S4. Other estimates suggest that the Galaxy S5 would retail in the $550 to $600 segment for the unlocked variant, whereas it could be in the hands of consumers for as much as $200 to $250 on a 24 month contract. Also since Samsung is rumored to be readying a "premium" variant of the Galaxy S5 – this one with a metal body – we can assume the current announced version to retail for something less than $600. By this logic, we can expect the $672 price tag to be nothing more than a placeholder. The actual availability of the device would be around April 11th, by which time the device would be available across 150 countries.
Since its announcement, the Galaxy S5 has turned out to be a very polarizing device, and as evidenced by these pre-registration figures, the Galaxy S5 does have a fan-following. Which side of the fence are you? Is the Galaxy S5 the device of your dreams or it disappoints with a lack of innovation? Do let us know the comments below.


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I'm a little late on this blog.
Most administrators (new and old) who are changing jobs have probably already done so by now.
My bad.
If you want, you can sue me (you wouldn't be the first person to threaten legal action… this year… or today).
In the last couple of months, things have been hectic in the exciting world of education. Of course, if you work in or near a school you already knew this.
Changing jobs can be a nerve-racking experience (so I've been told).
This might be especially true if you like your present position (and there are actual school administrators who like their jobs).
Eventually everyone moves on to bigger and better (unless you've been fired… then you may have to move on to smaller and worse).
The lifespan of a school administrator is roughly… not very long.
I don't have actual statistics (too lazy to Google), so just for the sake of this blog let's say it's 3.64 years (I thought if I threw in a decimal it would seem like I actually knew what I'm talking about).
Once you hit this magic number it may be time to move on.
The challenge is where do you go?
What job should you take?
First, you need a school that is willing to hire you. Personally, this makes me nervous because do I really want to work for a district that would hire me (think about it)?
I think this is where some administrators make a mistake.
Don't just take a job to take a job.
Don't get mesmerized by the money, benefits, or the offer of a brand new stapler (which I desperately need by the way).
There is something far simpler that is more important.
You want (and need) a job where you are surrounded by people who have a vested interest in your success.
This may seem kind of basic, but it's important.
Without this type of support, you are almost certainly doomed to fail.
You may want the new job to go well, but if the people above, below, and around you don't want it to be a success… it won't be.


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Like a good training program, a good eating program will change according to your needs. This means that from time to time you're going to be juggling new eating principles. For the well-established gym-goer this will likely be a minor manipulation of macros over the next training period in order to maximise results, but to the new-lifestyle-adopter this can often mean a significant shift in habits, and/or a step into territory they don't yet fully understand.
It's easy to step into new habits while the zeal that comes with conversion is fresh within us, but commitment is all about sticking with what you said you were going to do after the mood you said it in has left you. And results are all about commitment. So how can you ensure that you maintain that level of commitment and get the results you need?
Here are six warning signs that your approach may not be effective long term.
1). You opted for the diet plan with the best marketing right now
This is by far one of the easiest traps to fall into. Marketing for diets is becoming ever more sophisticated, because the people paid to come up with ways to sell diets have to find new and interesting methods of saying the same thing over and over again.
Any diet is sold primarily on two principles, simplicity and speed. "You can do it just by adopting these principles and investing in these necessary additions, and the end result will be the body of your dreams almost before you have time to take your "before" photo."
Since the 90s a third principle has become increasingly important, and that is the health justification. "You need to do it this way because of the following health benefits, everyone who did it another way ended up with scurvy, rickets, and unwanted hair growth…"
Ignore the marketing. Start with what you're eating, and prioritise whole, single-ingredient foods. As my father always says, "If it looks like bullshit, and it smells like bullshit, don't let anyone in a suit tell you it's caviar."
Ultimately, your diet will need to suit you, your goals, and your activity levels. There's no one-size-fits-all approach, so having the same book full of over-riding principles like "never eat carbs" or "replace meals with this milkshake" as everyone else is unlikely to ensure a diet tailored to your needs.
Even if the marketers tell you it is.
2). It's the polar opposite of what you were doing before
If the guys at the local pizza shop know you by sight, if your order is "my usual, please," and this same order was how you ended your Sunday, how do you think you're going to do if you kick off a diet of nothing but cabbage soup on the Monday?
Let's ignore for a moment the absurdity of the cabbage soup diet, and focus on the yawning chasm that exists between old habits and new. Unless you are the kind of super-willed person that does well at elite-level athletic endeavours because of their never-break mindset, you're unlikely to stick there on your newly-adopted side of it.
Perhaps a better move would be to adopt your new habits systematically. Start with better breakfast habits, food preparation, better shopping habits, then move forward from there. Think about adopting some foods from this post to help with some of your cravings. You don't have to become a saint overnight, you could take a month or two and you don't have to begrudge yourself the time if it means you're more likely to get there.
3). You're hungry all the time
This can stem from the issue I touched upon above. Previously you were eating with the mentality of gluttony, jamming every last flavour-rich morsel of your carb-and-fat heavy indulgence into your mouth until your stomach issued a kill order on your hands and mouth. Now you're attempting to assert a formerly unheard of level of restriction to what you eat, and you're hungry all the time.
Quantity of food is, of course, a factor, and will have to be addressed at some stage. Right now, though, going from banquet-appropriate volumes of food to surviving on morsels that only look appropriate when viewed through a magnifying glass isn't going to be sustainable for long. You'd probably drop a whole heap of weight doing it, but a lot of it will be muscle, slowing your metabolism further, and the effort of will required to make this sort of lifestyle leap isn't sustainable.
Better to gradually reduce your food intake as you change the content of your diet, that way you don't run the risk of cracking suddenly in the middle of your workday and pursuing a binge that begins with a double helping of every food you've been missing and ends with regret, recriminations and a spa-bath filled with chocolate syrup.
4). You don't enjoy your food
If your old approach to food was purely indulgent, then you're unlikely to fall naturally into the rhythm of a new diet designed purely for function. You have a relationship with food that's undeniable, and it's not going to change instantaneously just because you want it to.
This means that in the beginning you're going to need to find ways to soften the blow that accompanies such radical changes. This might mean a little forethought, and the preparation of food using spices to make sure it remains the tasty treat you know it as. If you're prepared to take the time to do a little research, if you're prepared to put in a little effort, your food can be as delicious and rewarding as it ever was, whilst simultaneously being healthy and nourishing to your body.
Check out The Gorilla Pit Facebook page for a few lean muscle-building recipe ideas to get you started. Once you've fully grasped the parameters of your new nutritional habits, you'll find suitable recipes everywhere you go.
5). You're lowering your metabolic rate
What if I told you the most common problem I see with peoples diets is that they basically guarantee them to put weight back on further down the track?
If your diet is not supportive of muscle growth, or at the very least ensuring that you maintain existing levels of muscle, then it's contributing to the breakdown of muscle and a decreased metabolism. If your metabolism decreases, you're going to store more fat. Why are you changing up your diet? To get rid of fat, right?
Is storing more fat consistent with this goal? No?
Pick a diet that supports the building of lean muscle as well as the torching of fat.
6). You don't have a plan
If you woke up the morning of the first day of your new healthy eating plan, recalled that you'd decided to "eat a bit more healthy," but didn't have a clue what that actually looked like, then I'd say you've fallen into one of the most common dietary traps there is. If you went out and bought a lettuce yesterday but now you're not sure what to do with it, I think I'd probably still have to categorise you as woefully unprepared.
Pick a nutrition program that fits your short and long term goals. Understand how it works and what it's going to do for you. Prepare in advance both in terms of your grocery shopping and your knowledge. It's easier to eat the right food if you know why you're eating that food and how it's serving the results you want.
Are you not achieving the results you want?
Do you want a personal nutrition and training blueprint to epic results? What about losing 5kg of fat in 28-days…guaranteed?
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Bothwell Castle
Delve into a site that saw a great deal of action during the Wars of Independence with England. Bothwell Castle, built on a grand scale in the late 1200s, was hotly fought over.
Caerlaverock Castle
Cross the moat to find yourself in a fairytale setting, complete twin-towered gatehouse and lofty battlements.
Cardoness Castle
Learn about the lawlessness of the McCullochs, for whom this elegant six-storey tower house was built.
Dumbarton Castle
Visit a stronghold that stood at the heart of an ancient kingdom covering the area now known as Strathclyde.
Glenluce Abbey
Learn about 400 years of monastic life in the valley of the Water of Luce.
MacLellan's Castle
See in the remains of Sir Thomas MacLellan's tower house how castle building had evolved by the late 1500s to favour comfort over cannons.
New Abbey Corn Mill
See this water-powered mill spring to life in the summer months when it's put to work to show how oatmeal is made.
Newark Castle
Contrast the beauty of this rediscovered treasure with the notoriety of its most famous noble resident.
Rothesay Castle
Survey a fortress famous for its long and close association with the Stewart kings of Scotland.