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Find definitions for thousands of medical terms, treatments, and tests -- even health-related abbreviations, prefixes, and suffixes.
An arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal network of blood vessels
and veins in the body. It is present at birth
The vessel walls of an arteriovenous malformation may become weak and
leak or burst, causing bleeding in or around important parts of the body, such as the brain or spinal cord.
Last Revised:
January 11, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & H. Michael O'Connor, MD - Emergency Medicine
Antiarrhythmic medicines may be used to return an irregular
heartbeat (arrhythmia) to its normal rhythm, prevent an arrhythmia, or control
the heartbeat during an arrhythmia. These drugs work mostly by slowing the
heart rate or by helping the heart muscle tissue become stable.
Many antiarrhythmic medicines have side effects, and many interact with
other medicines. A person taking any of these medicines should talk often with
his or her doctor.
Last Revised:
August 9, 2012
Medical Review:
Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology & John M. Miller, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology
Androgens, such as testosterone, are male sex hormones that
produce male sexual characteristics; androgens are also present at low levels
in women. These hormones are important to the healthy functioning of many parts
of the body.
Androgens are used to treat men whose
hormone levels have decreased.
Last Revised:
May 17, 2012
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Alan C. Dalkin, MD - Endocrinology
Anesthesiologists are medical doctors who specialize in
anesthesiology, which is the use of pain-blocking techniques or medicines
(anesthetics) during surgery and other medical procedures.
An anesthesiologist may administer medicine that numbs the area
of the body where a procedure is being performed (local or regional
anesthesia), inject medicine into the spinal canal to numb an area of the body
(spinal or epidural anesthesia), or make sure a person is unconscious and
pain-free during a procedure (general anesthesia) while also monitoring heart
rate, breathing, and blood pressure. An anesthesiologist may also supervise a
nurse anesthetist. Anesthesiologists can further specialize in critical care
medicine, pain management, pediatrics, or obstetrics.
Anesthesiologists can be board-certified through the Board of
Anesthesiology, which is recognized by the American Board of Medical
Last Revised:
August 17, 2012
Medical Review:
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
The autonomic nervous system controls all "automatic" body
functions, such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, sweating,
mouth-watering (salivating), and the movement of food through the intestines
One part of the autonomic nervous system, called the sympathetic nervous system, reacts when a person is facing a
dangerous or frightening situation and will automatically increase the heart
rate and breathing and move blood to the muscles.
The other part of the autonomic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, helps the body return to normal after the threat is over. It will automatically lower heart rate and breathing and move blood back to the rest of the body (for example, the digestive system or reproductive system).
The autonomic nervous system differs from the voluntary nervous
system, which allows a person to control the muscles and body movements.
Last Revised:
December 5, 2012
Medical Review:
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & G. Frederick Wooten, MD - Neurology
An abscess is a pocket of pus that forms at the site of infected
tissue. An abscess can form on the skin or on tissues within the body and cause
pain, swelling, and tenderness.
Bacteria are a common cause of the infections that form abscesses.
Depending on the size and location of the abscess, your doctor may treat the abscess by:
Last Revised:
November 13, 2012
Some people continue to drink excessive amounts of alcohol even
though it causes problems in their lives. These people have an alcohol use problem.
Most people refer to people who drink too much alcohol as having a
drinking problem. Health professionals distinguish between people who have
problem drinking (alcohol abuse) and people who are
dependent on alcohol (alcohol dependence or alcoholism).
The causes of alcohol use problems and alcoholism are complex and involve
physical, social, and emotional aspects.
People with alcoholism may not drink alcohol every day, but they
usually drink heavily when they drink and have withdrawal symptoms if they stop
Alcoholism is a lifelong disease that often causes health,
emotional, behavioral, and social problems. If untreated, it can even lead to
death from the effects of alcohol on the heart, liver, and other parts of the
body. Alcoholism cannot be cured, but it can be successfully treated.
Last Revised:
January 18, 2012
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Peter Monti, PhD - Alcohol and Addiction
The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys. The hormones
produced by the adrenal glands affect nearly every organ in the body.
The inner layer of the adrenal gland releases substances (hormones)
such as adrenaline that:
The outer layer of the adrenal gland releases hormones such as
cortisol that:
Addison's disease is a rare condition that develops when the
adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, are not able to produce enough of
the hormones cortisol and aldosterone.
The adrenal glands release cortisol to help the body cope with
stress from illness, injury, surgery, childbirth, or other reasons. Aldosterone
helps the body retain salt and maintain blood pressure. Adrenal gland failure
can be caused by a problem with the body's immune system (autoimmune disease)
or by infection, tumor, bleeding, or injury.
Symptoms of Addison's disease include weakness, weight loss,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, darkening of the skin (called hyperpigmentation),
emotional distress, and a decreased ability to tolerate cold.
People who have Addison's disease need to take medicine for the
rest of their lives to replace cortisol and aldosterone. Treatment relieves
symptoms and usually reverses any darkening of the skin. After proper treatment
is started, most people with Addison's disease can lead healthy lives. If
Addison's disease is not treated, an adrenal crisis may occur that can lead to
death because of a severe drop in blood pressure.
Last Revised:
December 5, 2011
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & David C.W. Lau, MD, PhD, FRCPC - Endocrinology
Acyanotic heart defects are heart problems that develop before or
at birth but do not normally interfere with the amount of oxygen or blood that
reaches the body's tissues. Acyanotic heart defects include ventricular septal
defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA),
pulmonary valve stenosis, aortic valve stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta.
Acyanotic heart defects do not usually cause cyanosis—a bluish tint
to the skin, lips, and nail beds due to reduced oxygen flow. If cyanosis
develops in a person with acyanotic heart defects, it is typically a result of
increased activity (such as crying and feeding) during which more oxygen is
Last Revised:
October 11, 2011
Medical Review:
John Pope, MD - Pediatrics & Larry A. Latson, MD - Pediatric Cardiology
Amniotic fluid is the liquid that surrounds a developing baby
(fetus) in the uterus throughout pregnancy. The amniotic fluid protects
the fetus from temperature extremes and from being bumped or hurt as the mother
moves around.
Amniotic fluid allows the fetus to move before
birth and is important for lung development. It is produced by the fetus and
the placenta and contains cells and other substances that have been shed by the
Amniocentesis is a test done to
collect a sample of amniotic fluid.
Last Revised:
April 4, 2012
Medical Review:
Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Siobhan M. Dolan, MD, MPH - Reproductive Genetics
Amino acids are the chemicals that make up proteins. The human body
needs 20 different amino acids to function properly.
Some amino acids are made by the body, while others, called
essential amino acids, can be obtained only from foods.
Last Revised:
June 29, 2011
Medical Review:
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD - Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Allergic rhinitis means allergies or hay fever. When you are exposed to particles in the air that you're allergic to, like pollen, dust, or cat dander, your immune system attacks the particles and causes symptoms such as sneezing and a runny nose.
You may have symptoms often during the year, or just at certain times.
Last Revised:
October 9, 2012
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Rohit K Katial, MD - Allergy and Immunology
An allergic reaction is an overreaction of the immune system to
a substance called an allergen. Allergens include chemicals, foods, medicines,
mold, plants, and pollen.
Symptoms of an allergic reaction can
range from mild and annoying to severe and life-threatening.
Allergic reactions do not occur the first time a person is
exposed to an allergen. A person may become more sensitive to the allergen with
each exposure.
Last Revised:
April 29, 2011
Alzheimer's disease damages the brain and causes a steady loss of memory and of how well you can speak, think, and do your daily activities. It gets worse over time, but how quickly this happens varies. There are medicines that may slow down the symptoms for a while and make the disease easier to live with.
Last Revised:
October 29, 2012
Medical Review:
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Myron F. Weiner, MD - Psychiatry, Neurology
An allergic reaction to a medicine is an overreaction by the
body's immune system to a substance (allergen) in a medicine that a person has
taken. An allergic reaction to a medicine may cause symptoms that range from
a minor rash to severe anaphylactic shock, depending on the person and the type
and dose of the medicine.
A medicine allergy is different from an adverse medicine
reaction, such as a medicine side effect or a reaction when taking more than
one medicine. Because symptoms and treatments vary, a doctor
should determine whether a person has a medicine allergy or an adverse
reaction. A severe medicine allergy can be life-threatening. An adverse
reaction usually is not.
A person who has been diagnosed with a medicine allergy should
wear a medical alert bracelet or other identification and should not take that
medicine again.
Last Revised:
June 30, 2011
Medical Review:
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Rohit K Katial, MD - Allergy and Immunology
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's
disease, is a progressive wasting away of the nerve cells in the brain and
spinal column that control the muscles that allow movement. Over a period of
months or years, ALS causes increasing muscle weakness, inability to control
movement, and problems with speaking, swallowing, and breathing.
The cause of ALS is unknown, and there is no cure. Treatment
focuses on helping you keep your strength and
independence for as long as possible. Treatment includes medicines to slow the disease and help with symptoms, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and supportive devices to help with daily tasks.
Last Revised:
August 1, 2012
Medical Review:
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Barrie J. Hurwitz, MD - Neurology
Anemia is a decrease in the amount of oxygen-carrying substance
(hemoglobin) found in red blood cells. Anemia causes weakness, pale skin, and
general tiredness (fatigue).
Anemia can be caused by blood loss or bleeding, an increase in the
destruction of red blood cells, or a decrease in the production of red blood
cells. Types of anemia include iron deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency
anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, among others. Each type of anemia is
treated differently.
Last Revised:
November 27, 2012
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Brian Leber, MDCM, FRCPC - Hematology
An aneurysm is a bulging section in the wall of a blood vessel that
has become stretched out and thin. As the wall of the blood vessel bulges out,
it becomes weaker and may burst or rupture, causing bleeding.
If an aneurysm in the brain bursts, it may cause a stroke. An
aneurysm in a vessel that carries a lot of blood, such as the aorta, is often
fatal if it bursts.
Last Revised:
February 22, 2012
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & David A. Szalay, MD - Vascular Surgery
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that affects the entire
body (systemic). It can occur within a few seconds or minutes after a person is
exposed to a substance (allergen or antigen).
Symptoms and signs of a severe allergic reaction may
The sooner symptoms occur after exposure to the substance, the more
severe the anaphylactic reaction is likely to be. An anaphylactic reaction may
occur with the first exposure to an allergen, with every exposure, or after
several exposures. An anaphylactic reaction can be life-threatening and is a
medical emergency. Emergency care is always needed for an anaphylactic
Angioplasty is a procedure done to open a partially blocked blood
vessel so that blood can flow through it more easily. It is most often done on
arteries that deliver blood to the heart (coronary arteries) when they are
narrowed by plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) or blood clots.
During the angioplasty procedure, a thin flexible tube (catheter)
is inserted through an artery in the groin, arm, or wrist and is carefully guided into the
artery that is narrowed. After the tube reaches the narrowed artery, a small
balloon at the end of the tube is inflated. The balloon may remain inflated
for a short time. The pressure from the inflated balloon presses
fat and calcium deposits (plaque) against the wall of the artery to improve
blood flow.
After the fat and calcium buildup is compressed, a small, expandable
tube called a stent is sometimes inserted into the artery to hold it
open. The artery is less likely to get narrow again (restenosis) after
angioplasty with stenting than after angioplasty alone.
Last Revised:
April 5, 2012
Medical Review:
Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology & Robert A. Kloner, MD, PhD - Cardiology
Angina is a symptom of heart disease. Angina happens when there is not enough
blood flow to the heart muscle. This is often a result of narrowed blood
vessels, usually caused by hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
The most common symptom of angina is chest pain or pressure, or a strange feeling in the chest. Some people feel pain, pressure, or a strange feeling in the back, neck, jaw, or upper belly, or in one or both shoulders or arms.
Other symptoms of angina include shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, lightheadedness or sudden weakness, or a fast or irregular heartbeat.
Angina can be stable or unstable. Stable angina happens at fairly predictable times, usually with
activity or exertion. It also may occur during exposure to cold or times of
emotional stress. Stable angina can be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Unstable angina is a change in your usual pattern of stable angina. Unstable angina is a warning sign
that a heart attack may soon occur.
If you have angina, pay attention to
your symptoms, know what is typical for you, learn how to control it, and
understand when you need to get treatment.
Last Revised:
April 4, 2011
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & John M. Miller, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology
Antibiotics are medicines used to kill bacteria that cause infections.
A doctor will choose an antibiotic to treat an illness
based on:
Last Revised:
March 14, 2011
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Theresa O'Young, PharmD - Clinical Pharmacy
Antioxidants protect the body from damage caused by harmful
molecules called oxygen free radicals. Most antioxidants are vitamins (such as
beta-carotene and vitamins E and C) that are naturally found in many fruits and
vegetables or are available as supplements.
Oxygen free radicals are normal by-products of cell metabolism.
But at high levels they can cause damage to cells. Antioxidants may
protect the body from cell damage.
An aortic aneurysm (say "a-OR-tik AN-yuh-rih-zum") is a bulge in part of the aorta, your main artery. If the bulge gets large enough, it can rupture. If it does, your life is in danger.
Aortic aneurysms are usually caused by hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). But other causes include genetic conditions, infections, and injury.
Aneurysms need to be repaired if they are large or fast-growing or if they cause symptoms. Smaller ones are usually just checked regularly to see if they are getting bigger.
Last Revised:
September 26, 2012
Medical Review:
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Aortic valve regurgitation is the backflow of blood from the aorta
through the aortic valve into the left ventricle. If enough blood flows back
into the heart, it can increase the workload on the left ventricle (lower left
chamber), causing damage.
When the heart pumps, the aortic valve opens to let oxygen-rich
blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. When the heart rests
between beats, the aortic valve closes to keep blood from flowing backward into
the heart. In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve does not close
properly. With each heartbeat, some of the blood pumped into the aorta leaks
back (regurgitates) through the faulty valve into the left ventricle.
Medical therapy may delay or minimize the damage caused by aortic
valve regurgitation. In some cases, surgery to replace the valve is needed, to
avoid damage to the heart chambers and to keep an adequate blood flow to the
Last Revised:
November 2, 2011
Medical Review:
Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology & Stephen Fort, MD, MRCP, FRCPC - Interventional Cardiology
The aortic valve separates the lower left chamber (left ventricle)
of the heart and the aorta, the large artery that carries blood from the heart
to the rest of the body.
The aortic valve works like a one-way gate, opening so that blood
from the left ventricle—the heart's main pump—can be pushed into the aorta.
When the heart rests between beats, the aortic valve closes to keep blood from
flowing backward into the heart.
Anticoagulant medicines, often called blood thinners, do not
actually thin the blood but increase the time it takes a blood clot to form.
Anticoagulants help prevent existing blood clots from becoming larger and may
be used to prevent deep vein blood clots or to treat certain blood vessel,
heart, or lung conditions.
Last Revised:
December 28, 2011
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Jeffrey S. Ginsberg, MD - Hematology
Arthritis is inflammation of a joint. Symptoms of arthritis may
include pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of movement.
There are over 100 types of arthritis. Three common types are
osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.
Last Revised:
April 8, 2011
Medical Review:
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Stanford M. Shoor, MD - Rheumatology
Atherosclerosis, sometimes called "hardening of the arteries,"
occurs when fat (cholesterol) and calcium build up in the inner lining of the
arteries, forming a substance called plaque. Over time, the fat and calcium
buildup narrows the artery and blocks blood flow through it.
A major part of treating atherosclerosis and coronary artery
disease involves lifestyle changes (such as quitting smoking) and medicines
to help reduce high cholesterol, control high blood pressure, and manage other
things that increase a person's risk of heart attack, stroke, and other
Last Revised:
April 6, 2012
Asthma is a long-term (chronic) disease of the respiratory system. It causes your airways to tighten and become narrow. This makes it hard to breathe and may cause wheezing and coughing.
Even though asthma is a lifelong disease, most people can lead active lives by following a treatment plan, avoiding things that cause flare-ups, and taking medicine.
The cause of asthma is not clearly known.
An angiogram is an X-ray test that provides pictures of the
blood flow in a blood vessel. During an angiogram, a material that shows up on
an X-ray (contrast material) is put into a blood vessel through a thin tube
An angiogram may be done to look for problems such as
a tear in a blood vessel that can cause blockage or bleeding, aneurysms (which
are weaknesses in the blood vessel wall), and blood clots or the buildup of
fatty deposits.
Sometimes a problem can be treated during
angiography. For example, a catheter can be used to open a blocked blood
vessel, deliver medicine to a tumor, or stop bleeding in the intestines.
Medical Review:
Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology & Howard Schaff, MD - Diagnostic Radiology
The immune system is the body's defense against foreign substances,
such as bacteria or viruses, that may be harmful. An autoimmune disease is an
abnormal condition that occurs when a person's immune system attacks its own
tissues as though they were foreign substances.
Why the body attacks its own cells is not known. Autoimmune
diseases include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and Sjögren's
syndrome. Certain types of diabetes and thyroid disease are related to
autoimmune reactions. People who have autoimmune diseases are at an increased
risk for infections.
Last Revised:
May 10, 2012
Medical Review:
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Nancy Ann Shadick, MD, MPH - Internal Medicine, Rheumatology
The auditory nerve carries sound impulses from the inner ear to the
brain. The brain "unscrambles" the auditory signals to make them recognizable
as sounds.
Last Revised:
January 12, 2012
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a problem with paying attention and focusing on tasks. People who have ADHD tend to act without thinking and have trouble sitting still.
ADHD may begin in early childhood and can continue into adulthood. Without treatment, it can cause problems at home, at school, at work, and with relationships.
Medical Review:
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Louis Pellegrino, MD - Developmental Pediatrics
Atrial fibrillation (say "AY-tree-uhl fih-bruh-LAY-shun") is a type of irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) in which the heart's upper chambers quiver, or fibrillate. This increases the risk of blood clots, which can cause a stroke or other problems. The lower chambers beat without a regular rhythm and may beat too fast. This can cause symptoms like lightheadedness or chest pain.
Treatment is done to control your heart rate or heart rhythm and to prevent stroke.
Last Revised:
December 14, 2012
Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling of fear, uneasiness, or concern
that something bad may happen. Anxiety can cause physical symptoms such as
trembling, shaking, muscle aches, restlessness, insomnia, rapid heartbeat,
sweating, and clammy hands.
If anxiety interferes with your daily activities, you may need
treatment with medicines (such as antidepressants or antianxiety medicines)
and/or professional counseling.
Last Revised:
August 29, 2012
Medical Review:
William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & David Messenger, MD
Beer, wine, and liquor (distilled spirits) are alcoholic beverages.
The following common alcoholic beverages contain equal amounts of
Proof is the percentage of alcohol in an alcoholic drink. The
percentage of pure alcohol is usually one-half the proof (for example,
100-proof liquor is about 50% pure alcohol). The higher the proof, the more
pure alcohol the drink contains.
Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition that results in
darkened skin and velvety growths that look like warts. These skin changes can
occur under the arm, on the back of the neck, over finger and toe joints, or in the groin and genital
In adults, acanthosis nigricans may be a sign of
disorders of the hormone system (endocrine system). It can occur in people who are very overweight
(obese). It may be a sign of lung cancer or of a cancer of the digestive system. It can
occur in people who have type 2 diabetes and in people who are resistant to insulin
but have not yet developed type 2 diabetes. Acanthosis nigricans can occur
in women who have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Last Revised:
June 20, 2012
The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood
from the heart to the rest of the body. It leaves the heart, arches upward,
then travels down through the chest and into the abdomen.
The aorta has two main portions:
Medical Review:
Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology & John A. McPherson, MD, FACC, FSCAI - Cardiology
Aortic valve stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve between
the lower left chamber of the heart and the aorta, which supplies blood to the
body. A narrowed aortic valve forces the lower left chamber of the heart to
pump harder to get enough blood through the valve.
Aortic valve stenosis can be caused by a structural problem called
bicuspid aortic valve, which develops before a baby is born (congenital heart
defect). In these cases, the valve has only two flaps, or leaflets, instead of
the normal three.
Aortic valve stenosis also occurs as a person ages and the valve
becomes hard and thick from calcium buildup. Most cases of aortic valve
stenosis caused by calcium buildup occur in people who are older than
An atrial septal defect is an opening in the wall that separates
the upper chambers of the heart. It is one of the most common congenital heart
defects, which are structural problems that develop before a baby is born or at
When an atrial septal defect is present, some oxygen-rich blood
that should have been pumped to the body flows from one side of the heart to
the other. This blood is then pumped to the lungs. This creates extra work for
one side of the heart.
If an atrial septal defect is large, heart failure may occur,
although this is not common in children. Many children have no symptoms. So this defect may not be found until a child is older or becomes an adult.
A heart catheterization can typically be used to close the opening. The doctor will put a thin tube called a catheter into a blood vessel in your child's groin. The doctor will move the catheter through the blood vessel to the heart. Then the doctor will guide special tools through the catheter to fix the heart problem. The doctor will insert a small closure device into the heart. This prevents blood from flowing between chambers.
Amphetamines are drugs that stimulate the nervous system. They may
be used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
narcolepsy (a sleeping disorder), and other conditions.
Amphetamines produce increased alertness and a feeling of euphoria.
Common amphetamine medicines include dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) and
methamphetamine (Desoxyn).
Amphetamines can be abused and are sometimes sold illegally with
names such as speed, ice, and lid poppers.
Last Revised:
October 13, 2011
Medical Review:
William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & Peter Monti, PhD - Alcohol and Addiction
An abdominal ultrasound uses reflected sound waves to produce a
picture of the organs and other structures in the upper abdomen. Sometimes a
special ultrasound is done for a closer look at a specific organ, such as a
kidney ultrasound.
An ultrasound does not use X-rays or other
types of radiation. During an abdominal ultrasound, a small handheld unit
called a transducer is gently moved over the belly. A computer converts the
reflected sound waves into a picture shown on a TV screen.
abdominal ultrasound may help find problems of the liver, gallbladder, spleen,
pancreas, abdominal aorta, and kidneys.
Last Revised:
November 29, 2012
Medical Review:
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Howard Schaff, MD - Diagnostic Radiology
An abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia) is any variation in the normal
heartbeat. Abnormal heartbeats occur when the heart has an irregular heart
rhythm, beats too fast (tachycardia), or beats too slow (bradycardia).
The electrical system of the heart creates signals that trigger the
heart to pump. These electrical signals control the heart rate and rhythm.
Normally, the heart beats in a regular rhythm and at a rate that is appropriate
for the work the body is doing. An arrhythmia results from a problem in the
electrical system of the heart. Things that can cause the heart to beat
abnormally include heavy smoking, alcohol use, excess caffeine or other
stimulants, stress, thyroid disease, and fever.
Many arrhythmias are minor, causing only occasional abnormal
heartbeats and requiring no treatment. Others, such as atrial fibrillation, can
be life-threatening because they increase the risk of blood clots and strokes.
Arrhythmias are of special concern in people who also have heart disease or
heart failure. Some arrhythmias can be treated with medicine. Others may
require an electrical shock (cardioversion), surgery, or a pacemaker.
Last Revised:
June 2, 2011
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC
An artificial heart valve is made of plastic,
metal, or pig tissue and is surgically implanted to replace a person's
original heart valve. These valves are also called mechanical valves or tissue valves.
A person's heart valve may need to be replaced if it no
longer works properly because of a birth defect or because of damage caused by
a disease or aging.
When a person has an artificial heart valve, he or she may need to
take anticoagulants to prevent blood clots. And he or she may need to take antibiotics
before certain procedures to prevent infection.
Last Revised:
November 29, 2011
Antihypertensives are medicines that help keep blood pressure
within normal limits.
Examples of antihypertensive medicines are diuretics,
beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel
blockers, and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
Last Revised:
April 26, 2012
Medical Review:
Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology & Margaret Hetherington, PHM, BsC - Pharmacy
Aortic dissection is a tear between the inner and outer layers of
the aortic wall. The tear can cause the wall to separate and rupture, resulting
in life-threatening bleeding and death.
The aorta, like all arteries, is made up of three layers, which are
fused together. If the layers begin to separate, it causes bleeding into and
around the tear. The bleeding widens the tear and causes the layers to
separate. Typically, an aortic dissection occurs in the section of the aorta
that leaves the heart and curves down through the chest.
Aortic dissection can be caused by atherosclerosis (hardening of
the arteries) and high blood pressure; traumatic injury to the chest, such as
hitting the car steering wheel during an accident; and conditions that are
present at birth, such as Marfan's syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Symptoms usually include sudden and severe chest or upper back
pain, anxiety, pallor, sweating, and nausea. Aortic dissection usually requires
emergency surgery to repair the tear.
Acute renal failure is the sudden loss of kidney function. When
acute renal failure occurs, the kidneys are unable to remove waste products and
excess fluids, which then build up in the body and upset the body's normal
chemical balance.
The most common causes of acute renal failure are dehydration,
blood loss from major surgery or injury, or medicines such as nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, or the dyes (contrast agents)
used in X-ray tests.
Symptoms depend on the cause of the problem and can include:
The treatment of acute renal failure includes correcting the
cause and supporting the kidneys with dialysis until proper
functioning is restored. Most people who develop acute renal failure are
already in the hospital.
Last Revised:
May 7, 2012
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Tushar J. Vachharajani, MD, FASN, FACP - Nephrology
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the levels of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the blood to find out how well the lungs are working. An ABG
test checks how well the lungs can move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon
dioxide from the blood.
As blood passes through the lungs, oxygen moves into the blood
while carbon dioxide moves out of the blood into the airspace of the lungs. An
ABG test uses blood drawn from an artery, where the oxygen and carbon dioxide
levels can be measured before they enter body tissues and become changed. An
ABG test measures pH (acidity or alkalinity) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Abnormal values for pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide can be caused by changes in:
An arterial blood gas test is often done for a person who is in the
hospital because of severe injury or illness.
Last Revised:
April 28, 2011
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Mark A. Rasmus, MD - Pulmonology, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine
An advance directive is a legal form you fill out to say what kinds of medical care you want if you aren't able to make decisions for yourself. It tells your family and your doctor what to do if you're badly hurt or have a serious illness that keeps you from saying what you want.
There are two main types of advance directives: a living will and a medical power of attorney.
Medical Review:
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Shelly R. Garone, MD, FACP - Palliative Medicine
An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a tear in one of the knee ligaments that join the upper leg bone to the lower leg bone. The ACL helps keep your knee stable.
When you twist, bend, or over-straighten your knee, you can injure your ACL. This can cause knee pain, swelling, and weakness. Rest and physical rehabilitation (rehab)—and sometimes surgery—are important to prevent a long-lasting knee problem.
ACL injuries range from mild, such as a small tear, to severe, such as when the ligament tears completely or when the ligament and part of the bone separate from the rest of the bone.
Medical Review:
William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & Freddie H. Fu, MD - Orthopedic Surgery
Amyloidosis refers to a group of conditions in which proteins
(amyloids) accumulate in the body's organs and tissues in abnormal amounts,
disrupting normal functions. Amyloidosis may be caused by a bone marrow cell
disorder or an inherited protein variation. Or it may be associated with other
conditions, including multiple myeloma, tuberculosis, and familial
Mediterranean fever.
Organs most often affected by amyloidosis include the heart, liver,
kidney, skin, and certain nerves. But any organ system may be involved.
Symptoms of amyloidosis depend upon the organ system affected and may not help
determine what condition is causing the protein accumulation. Amyloidosis can
be disabling and even life-threatening.
Treatment of amyloidosis depends upon the condition that is causing
the protein accumulation. In some cases chemotherapy, corticosteroid therapy, or stem cell transplant may be used.
Last Revised:
July 24, 2012
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurs when a plaque inside a
coronary artery suddenly ruptures. A blood clot forms and blocks blood flow to the heart muscle,
depriving the heart of oxygen-rich blood and causing unstable angina or a heart attack. The amount of time blood flow is blocked and the
extent of heart damage determine which type of ACS occurs, but it is always
considered a life-threatening condition.


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The Brexit Deal: 5 Things You Need to Know
US Retaliatory Tariffs on EU Products
How China Is Improving the Speed to Market with the Two-Step Declaration Program
Trade Agreement Update: The European Union and Mercosur
New Tariff on Chinese Goods Takes Effect September 1st
Top 5 Priorities in the Event of a No-Deal Brexit
French Customs Focuses on Fighting Fraud and Tax Evasion
India - US Trade Conflict
The Importance of Managing Customs Data Elements Upstream
New Tradewin India Practice in Delhi
Free Trade Agreements Post-Brexit
Tariffs Are Coming... 3 Things to Know Today
Spotlight on Southeast Asia
5 Lessons in the First Year of Reconciliation in ACE
Being on Top of Asia Regulatory Changes and Updates
The Carrot and the Stick - Australian Goods Compliance Update
Human Trafficking & Anti-Slavery Regulations: Do they affect your business?
Happy New Year from Tradewin
3 Takeaways from the Budget and Authorised Economic Operator Status
Trade Compliance of Visual Merchandise Slips under the Radar
U.S. Trade War Update
More Changes to the China Customs Declaration Form
Celebrating 10 Years of the EU Authorised Economic Operator Programme
Some U.S. Trade Updates You Might Want to Know About
Voluntary Disclosures in Australia: Demonstrating Your Efforts
The UK's Brexit Negotiation Position
Section 301 Update
Preparing for Brexit: A New Customs and Trading Environment
GST Out, Sales and Service Tax In (Again): What To Look Out For In Malaysia
Notice of Intent to Impose Countermeasures Against the United States
New Zealand: Out with the old Act and in with the new!
5 Strategies to Reduce Section 232 Duties
Big Changes Are Coming to China Imports and Exports
How Is Trade Compliance Evolving for Retail Companies in Asia?
UCC Intermediate Evaluation
The EU's Dual-Use Catch-All Clause
Top 3 Customs Clearance Risks in Thailand
What the CPTPP Means for Australian Businesses
Step-by-Step Guide to the New Reconciliation Process
Take Advantage of ACE Training
Churchillian Thoughts on European Customs Valuation
Looking Back on 2017
Intro to the Korea ISA program for an AEO company
Asbestos Imports in Australia: Bigger than Ben Hur?
Slave and Child Labor in Global Supply Chains
Australian Border Force Compliance Program Results: Q3 2017
The ACVA Shield
CETA: 10 Years in the Making
Australian Goods Compliance Update Q2 2017
What Do Conflict Minerals Mean for Your Supply Chain?
A Cleaner, Greener Future. What Does This Entail for Trade In Asia?
Encryption Control in France
When to Engage a Trade Compliance Expert
Understanding Product Descriptions in APAC
Outlook on Trade: What you Need to Know
Tradewin's 20th Anniversary!
Cuba - La Segunda Parte?
Updated Reconciliation Process: Step by Step
Australian Goods Compliance Update – Q1 2017
Who should register with the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls?
Lumber Tariff Tiff
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The Brexit Countdown Has Begun
How Companies Can Be Preparing for an Uncertain Future
Is Your Data Working for You?
Export Controls in Ireland
Brexit: Potential Trade Implications for EU & Global Businesses
Voluntary Disclosures in Australia - Demonstrating Your Efforts
"The Right" HS Code – Classification in Asia
Heads up! CBSA is Stepping up Export Rules Enforcement
Trade & President-elect Trump
Australian Compliance Update: What You Need to Know
Don't Throw the Baby Out With the Bathwater: Benefits of Free Trade
The Dreaded Routed Transaction
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Our Thing in Asia: Complex Compliance
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The Three Brexiteers - Athos, Porthos, and Aramis Discuss Tariff Shift Rules
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Think You Are Doing Just Fine? Korea Customs Auditors Might Not Think So
CBSA's Most Wanted List
Did You Know First Sale for Export Isn't Just for Apparel?
Classification - A Necessary Evil
What C-TPAT and College Financial Aid Have in Common
The Cost of Non-Compliance: DDTC Increases Civil Monetary Penalties for Violations
What Do You Know About the 9801 Changes?
Brexit over Breakfast
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What Y2K and the UCC Have in Common
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To BTI, or Not to BTI? That Is the Question
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Exceptions to the Rule
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The Test We Love to Hate: The Customs Broker License Exam
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Getting up to Speed with the TPP
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ChAFTA. What's in it? (Part Two)
ChAFTA. What's in it? (Part One)
Why Did the Chicken Cross the Road...
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subset: commoncrawl


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what we're about
Simmonds Stewart was founded in 2006 by corporate lawyer Andrew Simmonds and commercial lawyer Victoria Stewart.
In 2012, we decided to focus exclusively on the technology sector, one of New Zealand's fastest growing business segments. Since then, we haven't looked back. We have doubled in size, have become a household name in the local tech scene, and have established a growing client base in Southeast Asia and Australia.
But we are not stopping there. Inspired by the many great companies we get to work with, we have ambitious plans to grow our business in New Zealand and offshore.
our secret sauce
It's a pretty simple recipe.
We hire talented lawyers who love working in the technology sector. We give them great tools to work with and empower them to help our clients do business, rather than sweating the small stuff.
We go deep in our specialist field – tech startups, capital raising, m&a, governance and contracts – so we can give our clients the best advice as efficiently as possible.
Finally we innovate when we see benefits for our clients. For example, when we decided to focus exclusively on the tech industry vertical, the first thing we did was open-source our library of tech legal templates. By providing our clients the tools to manage the legal basics themselves, and surfacing the issues they need to really focus on, it's lowered their legal spend. It's also allowed us to focus on the mission critical work that our clients know really counts.
Lee Bagshaw and Chris Wilson recently helped 90 seconds flip to Singapore and raise Series A funding from Sequoia. Check out the case study.


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Help: Serie A live on Scoreboard.com. Follow Hockey Serie A for live scores, final results, fixtures and standings! Live scores on Scoreboard.com: Here you'll find live scores, final results, goal scorers and lineups in match details. In addition, Scoreboard.com provides live team statistics (number of shots on goal, shooting percentage, goalkeeper saves, penalties, power play/shorthanded goals, faceoffs won) and player statistics from top hockey leagues. Standings: Scoreboard.com offers home/away/overall Hockey Serie A standings, form (last 5 matches), over/under and top scorers tables.
You can find Serie A scores and standings on Scoreboard.com Hockey Serie A page, or click on the hockey scores page to see all today's hockey scores.
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Friday December 13, 2019; 10:13 am EST
Eagle Cove School reaches way downstream for environmental education
While we are getting last-minute gifts, hanging garlands and hitting every holiday party in the neighborhood, Tim Decker will be teaching kids in Costa Rica about environmental and community stewardship.
Decker teaches science at Eagle Cove School, a small, independent school for three-years-olds to fifth graders in Pasadena. Environmental education is the mission throughout the curriculum, and the Bay is a classroom. Eagle Cove is located on the Bay, and bags of oyster shells from a student project hang off the school's pier.
The students Decker will be teaching in Costa Rica can relate. He's traveling to Cloud Forest School in the Monteverde Cloud Forest, a sensitive ecological system.
Decker will deliver school supplies collected by Eagle Cove students and give a video tour of the school created by fifth graders on iPads. The director is Mackenzie Boughey, granddaughter of Bay Weekly columnist, the late Bill Burton.
Decker hopes to establish a real-time video connection between the two schools so kids at both ends can virtually introduce themselves.
"The project seems perfect for our students," Decker says. "It brings together science, language, geology, culture, technology and service."


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Conference Agenda
The conference agenda provides an overview and details of sessions. In order to view sessions on a specific day or for a certain room, please select an appropriate date or room link. You may also select a session to explore available abstracts and download papers and presentations.
Session Overview
01-10: Socio-Economic Aspects of Land Admin. Service Delivery
The Importance of Ostrom's Design Principles: Youth Group Performance in Northern Ethiopia
Norwegian University of Life Science, Norway
Land policy and the youth 'bulge' in Ethiopia: How social and economic transformations are scrutinizing the status qou
International Food Policy Research Institute, United States of America
Land Distribution in Northern Ethiopia From 1998 to 2016:Gender-disaggregated, Spatial and Intertemporal Variation
1School of Economics and Business/Centre for Land Tenure Studies, Norwegian University of Life; 2Mekelle University, Department of Economics
Land As Matrimonial Property In Kenya: Demystifying The Concept Of Contribution To Acquisition Of Land As Matrimonial Property
Federation of Women Lawyers-Kenya(FIDA-Kenya), Kenya
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Conference: Land and Poverty 2017
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Pretoria, South Africa - The National Laser Centre of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has developed laser-based refurbishment techniques, including laser welding and additive manufacturing, that have made it possible to refurbish equipment that would otherwise have had to be scrapped or previously required much more effort, according to Herman Burger, the Centre's research group leader for laser material processing.
Leaking water tanks at the Koeberg nuclear power plant in the Western Cape of South Africa were refurbished with laser cladding technology, at far less than the estimated R1bn replacement cost.
Laser surface welding technology has increased service life and lowered the ownership costs of continuous caster rolls at the ArcelorMittal factory in Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
CSIR's capability ensures that expensive repairs performed overseas in the past are now done in the country. "Both MAN Diesel and Turbo and Tupperware used to send components to Germany and Belgium, respectively, when laser cladding was required," Burger says. "Large, heavy components were shipped to the other side of the world to have a few kilograms of weld metal deposited by laser. It was extremely wasteful in terms of time, transport costs, and European labor rates. Now, it is done here."
MAN Diesel and Turbo projects and sales manager Christo du Plooy says rotating parts on machinery would traditionally have been repaired with metal spraying or submerged arc welding. The cost of laser refurbishment is high, but he believes that as the technology matures, its cost-effectiveness will increase.
The National Laser Centre also welds rocket motor casings for Denel Munition. Laser welding is used to produce cyclotron radiation targets for the production of radio isotopes for iThemba Labs.
Lasers extend the service life of industrial components by improving oxidation and corrosion resistance, and increasing resistance to abrasive wear—leading to massive savings.
Laser cladding is a weld overlay process in which a coating is placed on a worn metal surface—restoring and sometimes improving components. A high-power laser generates a small puddle of molten metal, called a weld pool, on the surface in need of repair.
Metal powder is then injected into the pool and when the laser beam and the powder mix, a new layer of metal is created and bonded to the old metal, creating robust adhesion.
Last year CSIR engineers designed a mobile system based on this technology, used to repair high-value components on site.
The other application of laser surface modification is laser hardening. A laser beam rapidly heats the surface layer of a carbon steel component. The new layer created hardens after rapid cooling. The CSIR has developed laser hardening processes for the armaments industries, Daimler Chrysler, and Bell Equipment.
Lasers are used for additive manufacturing, similar to 3D printing. Laser beams fuse metal powders together, layer by layer, to produce a fully functional part from computer-aided design data.
"Laser additive manufacturing is particularly advantageous where high-value components are manufactured from expensive and difficult-to-machine materials," says Burger. "Arguably, the biggest advantage of additive manufacturing is that it allows component design to be optimised for functionality rather than manufacturability."
The CSIR is in partnership with aeronautical engineering company Aerosud, which is focusing on the development of technologies that will enable high-speed production of large components. The project is funded by the Department of Science and Technology.
"We already use 3D printing for the manufacture of aircraft parts in plastics, such as air conditioning ducts. However, laser additive manufacture is a totally new technology for us. We are now developing a first pilot plant, so the technology will only be mature enough for production in three to four years," says Aerosud MD Paul Potgieter.
(Thumbnail image via Shutterstock)


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NISE Network product
This is a portable table-top bilingual (English/ Spanish) exhibition designed for outreach. The exhibition invites visitors to explore the secrets of nanotechnology in settings such as community fairs and science festivals. All components were designed and developed to be easily transportable and durable to withstand different kinds of environments. Nanotechnology: What's the Big Deal? portable table-top exhibits were developed by the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI) for the NISE Network.
Product category
Download link
all exhibits2.86 MB
cart for transport2.09 MB
Learning Goals
Visitors will develop or further their interest in science and specifically, nanotechnology.
Visitors will engage in scientific reasoning skills: manipulate, test, explore, predict, question, observe, and make sense of the natural and physical world.
Nano Content Map
Nanometer-sized things are very small, and often behave differently than larger things do.
Scientists and engineers have formed the interdisciplinary field of nanotechnology by investigating properties and manipulating matter at the nanoscale.
Nanoscience, nanotechnology, and nanoengineering lead to new knowledge and innovations that weren't possible before.
Nanotechnologies—and their costs, utility, risks, and benefits—are closely interconnected with society and with our values.
Developed for the NISE Network with funding from the National Science Foundation under Award Numbers 0532536 and 0940143. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foundation.
Owning institution
Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI)
Development Process
NISE Network products are developed through an iterative collaborative process that includes scientific review, peer review, and visitor evaluation in accordance with an inclusive audiences approach. Products are designed to be easily edited and adapted for different audiences under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike license. To learn more, visit our Development Process page.


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Dear Evangeline,
There are a few attributes that largely define your mother's identity (and I am sure you will come up with a few creative ones of your own). I am impatient. I have a big heart and a short fuse. I am Italian and Irish by heritage. And I am sick. But one thing I am not is powerless. I may not be in control of my illness, but I do wield control of my mind. And I am in a position to make a difference in the lives of others. That is why I write. This is why I volunteer. And it is why I commit so much of my energies towards fundraising for a cure.
As I gear up for my fourth season of fundraising for the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America, I find myself rebuilding that emotional shell that I have worn for the previous three seasons. Because, for whatever reason, fundraising is a dirty business. I was always warned to avoid the topics of "politics, money and religion" in conversation, but as I grew older and more ill, I began to notice that most people who follow this mantra are "Republican, rich and religiously fundamentalist." Lobbyists, in their minds, decide where money should go, exorbitantly priced health insurance will take care of their most dire needs, and God will take care of the rest. But if they need money for a Tea Party campaign, watch out, because they will be knocking on your door.
The truth is, Eva, I hate asking people for money. It's obnoxious. It's crude. And it's uncomfortable. But if there is one thing that can create cures for the many insidious illnesses affecting humanity, it's cold hard cash. And someone has to be the one asking for it.
When I was diagnosed with this debilitating and chronic illness at the age of 17, I felt helpless. Depressed. Worthless. But then I realized there is hope. And the hope is inextricably woven into the fabric of research that is funded by the CCFA. It's not just hope for me. It's hope for the 1.6 million other Americans, and many millions more worldwide that suffer from these diseases. It is knowing that I have the power to help make a difference that salvages my mind. It is fundraising that turns my shit into pure gold.
To get right into the nitty gritty of it, you can't know why I fundraise unless you have a reason to fundraise yourself. If your child was fed by a gastric tube and unable to attend school, like my friend Aiden, you would do everything in your power to make your son healthy again. If your best friend died from leukemia, you would raise hell to find a cure in her honor. And if your mother was dying of breast cancer, you would tirelessly walk 60 miles, 100 times over, if you knew it might ease her pain. And if you aren't working like a slave to make a difference in the lives of your loved ones, or in your own life, then I suggest you start today. Because tears and fear are not the stuff that cures are made of.
Lastly, Evangeline, I fundraise for you. For you and the tens of thousands of children that will be diagnosed with IBD this year. You see, Eva, my disease is genetic. It doesn't discriminate. And to any of you listening in, tomorrow it could be YOU or YOUR CHILD that I am fundraising for. Not one of us knows what the future might hold, but what I do know for sure is that our actions in the present are powerful. What we do, or what we don't do today……it matters.
Click here to donate to Katie's Crew 2015. And if you are working on a worthy cause, please share in the comments below. We are always actively looking for ways to make a real difference in this crazy world out there.
Optimistically Yours,


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Mandible Contouring Minneapolis
The mandible of the average male is wider and taller with a more defined angle than that of an average female. These masculine jaw features are also commonly seen in asian and transgender women. To feminize the lower face and create a soft, heart shaped face, bone from the bottom and sides of the jaw can be removed until the desired contour is achieved. This is done through small incisions hidden inside of the mouth. Dr. Rolfes uses special equipment designed specifically to remove bone without damage to surrounding tissue. He does not use chisels or saws that could injure nerves or other critical structures.
What is recovery like after mandible contouring?
Moderate pain can be expected for a few days, but this is well controlled with pain medications. The incisions inside of the mouth heal quickly, and there are no diet restrictions. The surgery is very safe, and rare infections can be treated with antibiotics. A few patients will have some temporary numbness around their mouth. Every patient will have swelling of the jaw after surgery, and this can be significant for several weeks. Complete resolution of the swelling may take up to a few months.


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Watling' Surname Ancestry Results
Our indexes 1000-1999 include entries for the spelling 'watling''. In the period you have requested, we have the following 1 record (displaying 1 to 1):
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watknson watkyn watkyn-thomas watkyndoghter watkynman watkyns watkynson watkys watland watle watleing watlen watler watles watlesfeud watley watliggetun watligton watlin watling watlinge watlingeston' watlingethon watlingeton watlingetune watlingford watlings watlington watlington' watlins watlinson watlinton watlis watliss watlock watlond watlous watlow watlows watlyn
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Horses are responsible for more human deaths in Australia than all of the nation's venomous creatures put together. more...
December 8 , 1965 : Pope Paul VI promulgated Vatican II into ecumenical law. more...
Learn something new every day
More Info... by email
A council of adult education is generally a group that promotes adult learning opportunities. Through work as a public policy advocate, the council of adult education may attempt to influence policy decisions that create barriers to adult education courses. The council of adult education might also assist with providing resources to develop a curriculum suitable for adult learning. The council may also provide adult education support for individuals to ensure successful completion of courses and education programs.
Most adult learners share similar characteristics that may determine whether an educational program is completed. In general, an adult learner enters an academic institution shaped by life experiences different from people who pursue educational opportunities earlier in life. As a result, the adult learner might need more resources that consider those experiences.
Most functions of a council of adult education seek to merge these characteristics with the structure of adult education programs. By developing partnerships with various organizations, the council typically works to ensure education courses fit the needs of adult learners. This may include the structure of the program and its relevance to adult professional and personal goals.
To fulfill its mission of promoting lifelong learning, a council of adult education might have several functions. The actual functions might vary based on region, but typically center on enhancing the quality of adult education courses. One function could be staying abreast of changes in public policy that might restrict the progress of adult learners.
Often, the council might help with developing curricula and resources that serve to enrich the adult learning experience. Usually, the council accomplishes this function through partnerships with organizations involved in adult learning. Providing adult education support is another function that might remove barriers to learning opportunities.
When the role of a council of adult education requires advocacy, the group works to change public policy or private policy that may hinder adult education. The council of adult education might lobby to change those policies. Working with community organizations, universities or companies, the council typically represents the adult learner to address the educational needs in those settings.
The council may provide resources and consultation to organizations that offer some form of adult education courses. Generally, some councils of adult education might provide guidance to develop curricula conducive for the adult learner. This might also include literacy programs in some regions that have a high illiteracy rate among adults.
Cultivating partnerships with organizations may strengthen the council's role in shaping education programs. Partnerships may exist with academic institutions. Other partnerships might be with companies that offer continuing education opportunities for employees. A council might also partner with community organizations and workforce agencies that offer adult education and training.
Supportive services provided by the council of adult education try to guarantee a successful learning experience. With adult education support, the council typically strives to remove any barrier to the learning experience. These services usually help adults embrace lifelong learning opportunities and envision success.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!


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Ship or Sheep 3 Cassette
This is a comprehensive pronunciation course for intermediate students of English. It provides systematic practice of English pronunciation, stress and intonation through a wide variety of interesting exercises and activities. The course is accompanied by a recording of all the practice material on three cassettes. The book and the recordings are both designed for use in class and by students working alone.
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I recently got invited to visit Fashion Forum in SM Makati along with other bloggers. I kinda tried to move heaven and earth to join the event. What I did cannot be mentioned anymore in public… teehee… Well, how could I resist Fashion Forum?!!! Home of one of my fave shoe brands, Jeffrey Campbell!
Fashion Forum occupies a not-so-little space in many SM (Makati, North Edsa, Megamall, Davao and Cebu). It carries many brands from Maggy London, Muse, Donna Morgan, Chinese Laundry, to name a few. What's great about Fashion Forum is how updated the styles are! Every season the ladies of Fashion Forum go abroad to source the latest dresses and shoes for us to feast on! Saves us from purchasing online, especially since price points are almost the same.
They aim to bring ladies from day to night, hence the easy to wear but totally chic designs. I've seen a couple of dresses that would definitely be appropriate in the office and also great for night outs with friends!
|Emeral green is the color of the year!
|easy to wear wrap-around dresses
|sweet for prom!
|year of the snake!
|animal prints
How about shoes?!!!! I love Jeffrey Campbell. I want another pair of Foxy!
They are opening another branch in May at SM Aura (the new monstrosity near Market, Market in Fort). Fortunately (or unfortunately for my wallet!), our office is moving to the Fort area soon. I'll just be a few minutes away from Fashion Forum!
Oh, and I enjoyed the blogger event most of all because I met new friends! Fellow bloggers who are kikay but super friendly! They are all so kalog and down to earth. I hope to see them again in another event!


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Example: "He had a time holding back the tears"
Example: "This time he succeeded"
Example: "He waited a long time"
Example: "It is time to go"
Example: "Take time to smell the roses"
Example: "Do you know what time it is?"
Example: "He is doing time in the county jail"
Example: "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely"
Example: "Time the clock"
Example: "The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene"
Example: "We time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely"
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As low as $8/month. Apply Now
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Take a look behind the scenes to see how our products are handmade. Get an in-depth look into our factory and see the talented craftsmen working on your piece.
Constructed from the highest-quality materials, though the Toscano chairs look delicate, they're anything but flimsy. Just like their Mid-century ancestors, they were built to become truly treasured members of the family for generations to come. So, don't let their svelte frames fool you -- they pack a punch.Create Yours
Sitting pretty atop four subtly tapered legs, the Toscano chair boasts a pleasantly padded seat and a perfectly positioned backrest that promises to keep you comfy during family dinners, game nights, or just laugh fests with your besties. Whether fabric or leather is your style, the Toscano fits right in.Create Yours
Between its timeless design, streamlined look, and secret hideaway feature, the Toscano dining set is the piece that grows with you and transitions between styles, homes, and even decades to come.View Photo Gallery Create Yours
Didn't Mom always tell you to sit up straight? The Toscano chairs can help.
With their padded seats, you can expect medium-firm comfort.
The Toscano welcomes all with its average-height seating.
We'll keep making furniture the old-fashioned way. Each piece is designed, cut, glued, screwed, upholstered, and finished by our skilled craftsmen and women at our workshop.
With over 100 colors of fabric and leather to choose from, go ahead and brag to your friends that you're the designer. We won't stop you.See It In Every ColorCreate Yours
Request one of our free swatch kits and bring the showroom to you. See, touch and experience them for yourself.SEND A SWATCH KIT
Saving the rainforest, one tree at a time. Planting trees with every purchase, we're committed to making a healthier, more sustainable planet. 577,660 trees planted


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A crutch for Willem Barentsz?, anonymous, c. 1597
This crutch was made on Nova Zembla for someone with leg trouble. This may have been Willem Barentsz, who was ill during his last weeks on the island and could barely walk, if at all. He had to be transported by sleigh from the shelter to the sloops.


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We embrace diversity and pride ourselves on offering our people valuable career development opportunities at all levels within our Company.


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Issue 16: NewsAtDen's Millwall magazine out now!
ISSUE sixteen of NewsAtDen's new Millwall Magazine is available to download and view now.
Simply purchase the magazine from our store: www.shop.newsatden.co.uk and you will receive a confirmation email with a link in the purchase notes that will direct you to your chosen magazine. To view on any of your devices, simply open your emails on your chosen device and click through that link given to you.
We look forward to Saturday's league one clash with local rivals, Gillingham at The Den. We also have exclusive interviews with Millwall fan and Masterchef Professionals Finalist, Scott Barnard and Alfie Pavey. Plus loads more interviews with Mark Beevers, Neil Harris, and David Forde.
There are reactions and opinions, with John Kelly's Three Things to look out for, Stats That… and much more. Including the new feature, where we re-master classic kits, this week we re-master the 2000-01 White Giorgio Classic, making this issue the most comprehensive Millwall magazine available.


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Helpful Tips When Selecting A Lawyer
Many reasons exist why someone would call a lawyer. If working with lawyers isn't something you've done, it can be hard to handle. There exists lots to consider like fee structures, communication, plus more. The tips inside the article below will educate you on what you ought to know if you need to handle a legal professional.
If someone accuses you of committing a serious crime, you should hire a legal professional as quickly as possible. This should be done when you are accused to guard yourself. Lawyers are experienced professionals trained to manage these situations.
Although the high value of employing a specialty lawyer could be daunting, it can be worth it. Simply because an attorney that does not concentrate on an area should research similar cases while an expert will curently have the details needed to try your case.
A real estate lawyer is really a necessity should your legal problem involves either buying or selling a residence. This makes sure that the situation is handled quickly and more likely within your favor, ensuring the ideal outcome possible.
Ask your lawyer questions. Lawyers will gladly provide you with updates. If you can't get answers from your lawyer, then it could be time to consider a new one.
Log all interactions with the lawyer. Discussed content, amount paid, efforts and date needs to be recorded inside the log. This might assist you with handling concerns that may occur later, for example creating larger bills or fees which are unexpected or that you simply don't understand.
It will be easy to save some time and expense in case you have all of your paperwork together. By doing the majority of the basic leg work, you happen to be saving your lawyer a bit of time, which equals money to you personally. Being efficient and prepared can help you save money.
See if the folks that really work in the office of your own lawyer are nice people. When you call, make a note of how quickly your call is returned and exactly how approachable the receptionist soundshttps://www.youtube.com/embed/BCtN5Do05G0 If they take very long calling you back, it could be an indication of how they'll treat you when you become an authentic client.
Good chemisry and communication with the attorney is vital to a great working relationship. When you are uncomfortable together with your attorney initially, you are unlikely to ever have a very good attorney/client relationship, whatever the lawyer's credentials. You ought to trust yourself and judge a legal representative that includes a personality comparable to your own.
Ask your lawyer when you can perform any task to lower your expenses. Maybe there may be some paperwork you can deal with. If your case needs specific paperwork that need to be picked up from your courthouse, ask your lawyer if you can handle that so that you will don't have to pay for it.
Even if you want a lawyer for the straightforward case, it is important to go with a lawyer carefully so all things have the very best potential for going smoothly. Providing you keep your tips that you simply read under consideration, you should do well navigating through each stage of your process. You must now feel less stressed and anxious in regards to the whole process..


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Interested In This Yacht?
To Learn More Contact
UYS New Jersey
Dreamliner is an elegant luxury motoryacht reflecting a quality, style, elegance, and performance that make her the best in class. A rarity with its beautiful oyster white super structure and hull that sets her completely apart from all the rest! This 2005 78 Marlow has been meticulously maintained by her present owner with a tremendous amount of quality upgrades over the past two years. The aft deck provides an excellent area for entertaining and for taking in all the sights. Teak decks, varnished cap rails, hand rails, and massive stainless steel hardware offers a rich feel to all that come aboard.The salon is the perfect place to entertain with an enormous u-shaped leather settee, a large retractable flat screen TV, and two barrel chairs across the central pedestal table. The dining and bar area situated between the salon and pilothouse exudes elegance with her built in china cabinets, wine cooler, fridges, and new Quartz bull nosed countertops. Upgraded solid teak raised beveled fronts on all appliances sets Dreamliner apart from other Marlows. Under the custom chandelier is a classic teak dining table that seats six and expands to eight.
United Yacht Sales New Jersey would love to guide you through a personal showing of this 78' Marlow 78e Explorer 2005. This yacht for sale is located in St. Petersburg, Florida and priced at $1,895,000. For a showing please contact us by filling out the form on this page and we will get back to you shortly!
78e Explorer
Cruise Speed:
Max Speed:
Range NMI:
20' 4"
Engine Details:
Caterpillar C30
Engine 1:
Engine 2:
Engine Fuel:
Inboard Diesel
Fuel Capacity:
Water Capacity:
Dreamlinerhas three guest staterooms plus crew quarters. The master stateroom is a beam to beam cabin with a king size bed surrounded by teak and glass cabinets providing abundant storage. No comfort is spared as this room includes a writing desk, swivel pedestal chair, small settee, and a large flat screen TV.Dreamliner'smaster stateroom also features his and hers ensuite heads with an adjoining shower.The VIP Stateroom has an island king berth, teak cabinets, flat screen TV, ensuite head and shower. The second guest cabin features side by side single berths with an ensuite head and shower.Marlow Explorer Yachts are limited production yachts built under constant supervision and stringent quality control procedures. The Marlow Explorer 78E is designed and built to cross the oceans of the world in comfort and safety while the proprietary Strut Keel technology allows inland and island cruising with fully protected running gear.
• New GE 4‐burner cook top• Dacor electric oven• 2x Sub Zero refrigerators, 700 BF & 700 BR• New Panasonic microwave• Fisher Paykel dishwasher• Badger garbage disposal• Drinking water faucet• Exhaust fan & light• New Quartz bull nosed countertops• New Stainless steel sink basin with custom faucet• New Teak and Holly high gloss flooring• New Solid teak raised beveled fronts on all appliances
• Stidd helm seat• Large L‐shaped dinette with ultra‐leather upholstery• Extra‐large helm area• Port & starboard weather deck doorsElectronics:• Furuno NavNet system with 2x 15" monitor• Furuno Cmap NT Max• Garmin 7610 Map 10" monitor• 2x ICOM M802 VHF• Flir night vision control• Searchlight controls• Simrad AP25 auto‐pilot• Furuno AIS FA100• Interphase forward view sounder• Simrad IS15 wind, speed, depth• 2x Furuno radars 4ft & 8ft arrays• Nauticomp 12" monitor• KVH TracVision & TracPhone• PTZ camera controller
• U shaped ultra‐leather settee• Built in AV cabinet with 52" TV on lift• 2x Barrel chairs on cabinet sides• Custom Teak pedestal table• New Wet bar with Quartz bull nosed countertops• 2x Sub Zero under counter refrigerators• Sub Zero under counter wine cooler• New Solid teak raised beveled fronts on all appliances• Classic teak dining table with 6 chairs, expandable to 8• China cabinets built in• Boston surround sound, Denon receiver, Sony DVD player, Monster power amp
• King size berth• New GE stackable Washer and Dryer• 2x night stands• 5x cedar lined hanging lockers with additional drawer storage• Desk• Settee• Vanity with swivel stool• 6x opening portlights• Shoji privacy screens• Antitheft electronic safe• Sony 42" flat screen TV• Sony HDTV receiver• Sony DVD player• Matching Port and Starboard heads with granite countertops, vanity sinks, Sealand VacuFlush toilets, Tank Watch 4 level indicator, stall shower shared
• Double side by side single berths• Hanging cedar lined locker, with additional drawer storage• 2x opening port lights• 15" Sharp Aquos LCD TV• Sony CD/Stereo• Head with granite countertop, vanity sink, Sealand VacuFlush toilet, stall shower
• King island berth• 2x Cedar lined hanging lockers, with additional drawer storage• 2x Skylight hatches with screens• Sharp 20" Aquos LCD TV• Sony CD/ Stereo• Head to starboard with granite countertop, vanity sink, Sealand VacuFlush toilet, stall shower, additional door in hallway for day head use
• Double side by side single berths• Wet head with granite countertop, vanity sink and VacuFlush toilet• Hanging locker with additional drawer storage• Sharp Carousel microwave• Hailer refrigerator• Master electrical control panel• Sony CD/Stereo• Sharp Aquos 20" flat screen TV
• Teak decks Sanded and new caulking 2017• Aft deck features transom settee and U‐shaped dinette with teak table, as well as port & starboard transom doors to swim platform with dual access to crews quarters and engine room• Solid teak varnished cap rails and hand rails Varnished 03/19• Deck shower on swim platform• Lofran Titan B dual action windlass• Anchors – S/S Danforth 80lb and S/S Blue Sea Plow type 88lb, each with 3/8" galvanized chain• Sanshin HR‐1012 search light• Flir night vision camera• Dual trumpet air horn• 2x DC floodlights, Aft Deck• 2x DC floodlights, Bridge top• New LED walkway lights all around• MarQuipt 7 step boarding ladder with bridge storage• Marlow Sprite tender, 15' with 40hp Yamaha 4 stroke• Marlow proprietary bell• Custom forward side boarding doors• 3x wired remote controls, fore, aft and bridge• S/S removable U rails on swim platform• Dual access to engine room• Aft deck camera
• 2x Stidd helm seats• 2x L‐shaped dinettes• Oversized Sun pad• Country kitchen – Miele electric grill, Magic Chef refrigerator, Stainless sinkElectronics:• 2x Furuno 15" monitors• Furuno keypad• Garmin 7608 GPS Map• Standard GX5500 VHF• Simrad AP25 auto‐pilot• Flir night vision control• Simrad IS15 wind, depth, speed• Searchlight control• Trim tab controls & indicators
• 2x Northern Lights M864K3 25kW generators• Generator hours: port ‐ 1958, stbd – 1903 Serviced 03/19• 240v/120v AC• 24v/12v DC• Trace SW 4024 inverter, with remote panel• Newmar 24v‐12v converter• 4x 250v/50‐amp AC shore power inlets, port/stbd, fore/aft• AGM 8D batteries• New Mastervolt 12/70 battery charger• New Mastervolt 24/60 battery charger• 2x battery parallel switches• Central vacuum system• Designated batteries for thrusters with Master Volt charger
• 2x CAT 1550bhp C30 main engines 2000 hr service (includes After coolers)• Engines serviced 03/19• ZF 1950A transmissions, 2.4:1• Hynautic hydraulic power steering• New Side Power 24/48v SP 285 bow thruster• New Side Power 24/48v SP 285 stern thruster• Village Marine 800gpd water maker with UV sterilizer• Dual Racor 1000 fuel filters• Walker main engine air seps• Reverso oil change system with transom discharge/intake• Aqua Drive System HDL‐780• Naiad hydraulic stabilizer system with upgraded oversized fins• Fuel polishing system• High water bilge alarms• 4x Glendinning cablemasters fore and aft• 2x trim tab pumps• Floscan fuel monitor system• Engine room camera• 5x New Sealand vacuum generators 3x• Groco Paragon drinking water pump 24v• Groco fresh water pump 110v• New 2x Marine Air chilled water air conditioning/heating system, with 7x climate control air handlers Total 96,000 BTU• 40‐gallon oil storage tank
• Winslow 6-person liferaft• Fireboy FE 241 MA2-1300• Fixed Fire System monitor alarm and manual release• 10x Hand held fire extinguishers• 406 EPIRB• Emergency tiller• High water bilge alarms throughout
• Molded Kevlar & FRP hull• Vinyl ester Resin and Topsides joined at the sheer• Fiberglass & Kevlar hybrid planking• FRP tape and mechanical fastenings• Bulkheads and longitudinal framing• Bonze ball valves & sea chest thru hull fittings• Molded fiberglass superstructure• S/S rudders with 4-blade Nibral props• 2x Proprietary strut keels
Only the finest components like Dupont Kevlar, Core Cell and engineered construction fabrics are specified for the hull, deck and superstructure of this Marlow Explorer Yacht. Vinyl ester Epoxy resins and glues are used throughout. Only top quality mechanical components like Aquadrive constant velocity couplers, CAT marine, Tides seals, Master Volt converters are used. In the lovely hand finished interior, quality brands like Sub Zero, Dacor, GE, Miele, Grohe and similar are found. Fine fabrics of Ultra-leather and other top brands grace the interior. The result is reminiscent of an era when quality, not quantity was the hallmark of a fine yacht.
This listing is presented to you courtesy of a member of the International Yacht Brokers Association and may be centrally listed with another broker. It is offered as a convenience by this broker/dealer to its clients and is not intended to convey direct representation of a particular vessel.The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.


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Just a quick bit of background. I am a long time Windows, C# developer and for a new project for my employer, I've had to transition to OSX and begin learning iOS development. In other words, I'm still quite new to the Mac/OSX environment.
Earlier today I decided that I'd close out of XCode and re-organize my testing and learning project, and projects that I've created in XCode that hold assets I will most likely need to reuse. When I fired XCode back up, I was surprised to see that all of my recent projects were still in the Recents list and they were pointing to the new file location! Sweet!
How did XCode know where my projects were located? Is a function of the Operating System, the File System or does XCode have some form of intelligence built into the system to detect these type of questions?


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Did you know that in 2010 57% of Americans had Googled themselves? How did we come up with such an intrepid statistic? From the Pew Research Center, which released an in-depth study to reveal how actively surfing U.S. adults use the internet. According to the somewhat predictable outcome of the Pew study – because let's be honest, we've all Googled ourselves – online reputation monitoring is significantly increasing and was up more than 10% from 2006 and 2009.
So now that it has been confirmed that we all have self-admittedly huge online egos, the more ambiguous question is how to we increase our online presence. Setting up your own website is one of the most obvious ways to boost your internet existence, meaning that so long as your website has your name trawled all over it, a Google search of your name may result in the search actually identifying you and not just a dozen Facebook users which share your name!
So you've managed to get your website onto the worldwide computer network now you've got the even more arduous task of getting it on the top rankings on the major search engines, as everyone knows if a site is not on the first couple of pages of Google, it may as well not exist!
Exploiting the unique benefits of Multidots is a particularly savvy way to get your website seen, increase your online presence, and ultimately achieve the goals you want your website to achieve. PHP based Content Management Systems (CMS) are becoming increasingly popular open source systems, for the simple reason that they make it easier for any company or individual with a website to showcase their services to a global audience via the internet. Some of today's most popular PHP-based content management systems include WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, Concrete5 and Mambo. Mulitdots are experts in these PHP based technologies and open source e-Commerce technologies. Being proficient in online marketing, social media, the internet, Multidots can significantly develop and enhance a site's online presence, ultimately adding value to a business. Working on a range of industries and services, including telecommunications, recruitment, contents insurance, wind power and other alternative energies, and real estate, Multidots delivers solutions to a diverse range of clients. E-Commerce applications have been huge in augmenting businesses online presence in recent years, and proliferating such online penetration through e-commerce stores and tools is one of Multidot's services.
Asides exploiting Mulidot's unique custom solutions, another simple to way to increase your personal or business's online presence is by getting high quality backlinks to your website. Link building is a strategy that is widely used by SEO companies to improve a website's rankings on the search engines. Having reciprocal links on your website, whereby you link another site and they 'return the favors' by linking yours, will result in the search engines being given the impression that your site is popular and successful, thus increasing its page rank.
Quality content and blogs
Quality content that is enriched with relevant or 'keywords' will help make your website more search engine friendly and attract a higher volume of traffic. Whilst visitors of a site would be understandably put off reading text that is simply bombarded with keywords for SEO purposes, the keyword density is extremely important. Site owners must therefore ensure that the keywords are almost 'subtlety' used in accordance with the rest of the content on their site.
Blogs can help you attract a string of followers which will help you increase your own personal online presence or that of your business. Blogs can help you to reach your target audience and keep driving traffic to your site.
Make your site mobile
With the phenomenal growth of mobile internet, a huge proportion of browsing is done via smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices. In fact analysts predict that by 2013 there will be 1.7 billion mobile internet users. Given the prolific rise of mobile internet, there is an increasing urge to make websites mobile friendly.
There are several ways in which you can make your website more mobile-friendly. Installing a mobile plugin is one such way to make a site 'friendlier' to a mobile surfer. If you are using WordPress you can transform a site into a mobile-friendly version in less than a minute!
Creating smart navigation also helps a site become more mobile-friendly. Providing visitors will clear, thorough and distinct ways to navigate themselves around your site will mean users are less likely to abandon your site, particularly when they are using a small mobile device such as a smartphone.


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Alison has over 1,000 high quality courses available across 9 distinct categories, all absolutely free to complete. All our courses are self-paced and have been designed by subject matter experts, to give you an interactive and enriched learning experience.
Depending on your learning goal, you can choose from:
Certificate courses (average time: 2-3 hours), which help you focus your learning to provide you with specific expertise in your field or industry.
Diploma courses (average time: 8-10 hours), which are designed to give you a more extensive understanding of a subject area, by helping you master multiple concepts within a subject.
Learning Paths (average time: 18-20 hours), which are a combination of niche courses that have been specially designed by experts, to help you: Broaden your skillset; Progress your knowledge; or Master a subject.
Use the search bar on the left if you are looking for a specific category, or browse through all courses below, and let's get learning!
With Alison's free online Diploma courses, you can receive comprehensive training on almost any topic you need. In just 8-10 hours, each Diploma course delivers a clear run-through of an important subject, whether it's how to design a website or essential management skills. With this extensive training on your side, you can add something impressive to your résumé and give your professional confidence a real boost. So why wait? Start your next learning journey, today.
Alison's Certificate courses are a range of free online courses that are designed to provide training that's as streamlined and to-the-point as possible. Built for learners of any ability or knowledge level, each of these free online courses takes less than 3 hours to complete and provides training in a single topic in clear detail. And with over 900 Certificate classes available, whether you want to learn specific French vocabulary or take classes in how to conduct a business meeting, Alison has the Certificate for you. So, what will you learn today?
Learn the power of mass media with Alison's free online Media and Journalism courses. We have short certificate courses such as the Journalism in the Digital Age and Journalism and Print Media which you can finish in as short as 3 hours. Want a more extensive course? We recommend the Diploma in Media Studies and the Diploma in Journalism courses. By the end of these courses your journalism skills will be at the next level. Get started with your next course, today.
By taking the free online Media and Journalism courses from Alison, you will be giving your career a solid boost. We suggest the short certificate courses including Introduction to Journalism, Journalism and Print Media, and Journalism in the Digital Age where you can see how journalism has evolved over the years. We also recommend the course Writing for Young Readers where you will also get a solid grounding in writing, editing, and publishing in today's world.
Alison's free online Media and Journalism courses will guide you through the ethical responsibilities and public duties of journalists as well as the development of modern media. Our Diploma in Journalism course will teach you how to use facts and opinions to write quality articles and avoid conflicts of interest. On the other hand, the Diploma in Media Studies will show you the trends and issues which affect important types of media as well as the history and cultural impact of books, newspapers, magazines, radio, movies, TV, and the Internet.
A Maior Comunidade de Aprendizagem Gratuita do Mundo
"Nós enviaremos as instruções para resetar a sua senha para o endereço associado. Por favor, digite o seu e-mail atual."


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- Safe on all parts and surfaces including carbon fibre
- Will not harm seals, cables, brake pads or rotors
- Effective road bike & mountain bike cleaner
- Safe on anodised metal
- Alkaline based and free from CFCs, solvents or acids
- Nano Tech Formula cleans on a molecular level
- Biodegradable
- 5 litre carton = £5.40 per litre!
- 25 litre tub = £3.96 per litre!
Using our state-of-the-art Nano Tech formula, Muc-Off cuts through grime quicker than you can say "OMG!" regardless of the weather or riding conditions. This classic pink Bike Cleaner has incredible cleaning power because it contains revolutionary Nano Technology that breaks down dirt and grime on microscopic levels, while also caring for your bike's delicate finish. Because we use the finest ingredients and surfactants, our Muc-Off formula is a closely guarded trade secret.
It's the most effective cleaner out there, and it doesn't even need any of those nasty, dangerous acids or chemicals. In fact, our perfectly pink cleaner is biodegradable, free from acids, CFC's and solvents, and it's alkaline based so you can clean away with a guilt-free conscience. It's safe on all surfaces, and it's even disc brake rotor and pad friendly. Muc-Off Nano Tech Bike Cleaner is ideal for road bikes, mountain bikes, fixed gear bikes and commuting bikes.
Directions for use:
Step 1 – Rinse bike thoroughly before applying Nano Tech Bike Cleaner.
Step 2 – Spray Nano Tech Bike Cleaner onto the entire bike including components and leave for 3-5 minutes.
Step 3 – Agitate any stubborn grime with a brush or sponge.
Step 4 – Rinse entire bike thoroughly with fresh, clean water.
Muc-Off Nano TechPenetrates deep into dirt, oil & grime and gently breaks it down on a molecular level.
Eco FriendlyOur unique formula contains no harmful acids, CFCs or solvents and is fully biodegradable.
Carbon Fibre SafeOur formula is Carbon Fibre safe!
Safe on Matte FinishesThis product is safe on all Matte finishes


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kadani wrote:I would love to join the LCS, but think this is impossible from .de/.uk since it relies on pay'pal' for the membership fees and they could not be more obvious about not wanting my services if they wrote onto their homepage "Not for kadani". I made very bad experiences with these ****tards.
Incidentally, I don't know if this would make a difference, but we added Google Checkout as a payment option (here's the site).