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The Best Ways To Get In Shape And Stay Fit
Fitness fits into everyone's life in one way or another. It covers items such as gyms, diet, workout routines and exercise programs. There are plenty of workout styles that will lead to better looks and better health. Use the advice in this article to achieve all-around fitness.
A great first step to becoming more physically fit is to sign up for a variety of different beginner-level classes at your local gym. Once you've found an activity you enjoy, stick with it. Find some exercise classes in your region.
Always mix in some variety into your workout and exercise routine. This will help avoid routine in your fitness plan and keep you motivated to come back to your workout the next day. Furthermore, as the muscle groups get used to certain types of movements, you need to make changes to keep seeing results.
Strong thighs are important for preventing knee injury. Exercising your quadriceps and hamstrings will help prevent injuries to the ligaments in your knees. Work out both your hamstrings and your quads to ensure that your knees are protected. Leg extensions and curls are great exercises to accomplish this.
When weight-lifting, many repetitions of a lighter weight will far increase your muscle mass as compared to fewer repetitions with a heavier weight. It may seem like the ability to lift more is most important, but the goal is to see who can go longest without needing to give up. Some of the best workout warriors exercise this way.
When you are lifting and doing reps, you should count down instead of up. This will help you get a better idea of how many you have left and keep you motivated a lot better than counting up.
You can get stronger faster by doing the same amount of exercising in ten percent less time. This routine will work your muscles harder and will increase your endurance. For instance, if your routine currently lasts 45 minutes, attempt to bring it down to just 40 minutes.
To increase your skills for volleyball you should work on your contact techniques. One of the best ways, surprisingly, is by playing the game foosball. Hand-eye coordination used to beat an opponent is the basis of foosball. While you are playing a fun game of Foosball, you're also building useful skills for playing volleyball.
Accelerate weight loss by increasing the density of your workouts. If you work on doing more exercise reps in a smaller time period, you are going to lose weight faster. Make these exercises "denser" by decreasing your breaks between intervals or eliminating them altogether between sets. You lose weight quicker doing this.
If you are seeking to become speedier with better endurance, you should learn the Kenyan method of training. Traditionally, Kenyans begin their workouts by running slowly for the first third of their total distance. Then, once you've been running for a while, slowly crank up the pace. When you are a third of the way through, run at a normal speed. Towards the end of your run, run very fast. If this is done regularly, you will see the difference in your endurance and speed.
To make sure you are exercising properly, make it a habit to check whether you are over-training yourself. A simple way to do this is to take your pulse first thing in the morning one day after your workout.
Fitness includes a lot of different things that can positively impact your life. You will need to decide what is right and what is wrong as you find the program that is right for you. With any luck, the information you've just read has helped to demystify all things fitness-related.


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Today, tomorrow and forever in our hearts!
The skyline has changed, the world has changed but we remain UNITED!
The skyline has changed, the world has changed but we remain UNITED!
Then teach your children about Martin Luther King Jr.!
Today marks the 50 year anniversary of that very speech, that was such am imperative part of history.
It is important that children know about those brave individuals who paved the way for others, & changed history, like Martin Luther King Jr. did!
After discussing with your children importance of Martin Luther King Jr., a fun activity is to have them draw what their dream is, or to write it down.
You'd be surprised how children as young as five understand the meaning of a dream, equality, & peace!
Take it from a Mom Whose dream is that all children learn the importance of that very speech that changed the world!
There are no words for today's tragic event, but prayers instead.
It is unfortunate that children witnessed these horrifying images & stories, which can be traumatizing.
As parents we need to be there for our children, to comfort & make them feel safe.
My opinion, is that it is not necessary to bring tragic events up to small children.
It is too much for them to handle, unless they bring it up to you I feel.
My husband & I make it a point to never watch the news in front of our children.
Not to shelter them, so they don't worry about things that they are unable to comprehend.
Sometimes there is no rationalizing tragic events, so just be there to listen & to nurture your children.
God bless all of those lives that were lost, those who are injured, & thank you to all those civilians who ran to donate blood, & help those in need.
Take it from a Mom Who is saddened today! 🙁

subset: commoncrawl


text: MessageHi: Well, there are at least two forms of storage to hold textual data. One is VarChar and the other is a Big Field which actually holds a pointer to the large stored text field if I remember. I'm not sure about storing those types of objects other than as these in the DataBase but you could store them as text objects and make sure to restore them as the correct object type by having a code denoting what type was stored in the text field. I'm not sure about other methods of converting them into DataBase format and then back again. If there are better methods someone more experienced will, hopefully, correct me if I'm wrong. ----- Original Message ----- From: Andy B To: programmingblind@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Friday, October 26, 2007 11:44 AM Subject: sql server 2005 express database design I need to write a program that references, categorizes, indexes and allows searches (including full text searches) on data inserted into the database. Different data formats like Word, rtf, txt, html and other sources would have to be put into the database. Is it easier/better to insert the files themselves (i.e. insert the actual word file) or just the text+formatting of the word file? Any ideas how to do this stuff or where I can find out more?


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It was a privilege to work with Landscape India, on some textile art for this space, this set of lamps was one of them. The lamps are made with metal and natural white fine cotton Fabric. Fabric Textures include pleating, pin tucks, reverse pleating and fabric folding. A language of vertical lines formed by these techniques was followed to make this ensemble. They are installed in the Conference room.
The Ark Building is modern day Bauhaus! Inspired by Paul Klee's 'Uncomposed Objects in Space' this building is something to look at. With suspended corten steel boxes and bare concrete walls with Walter D'souza's art engraved in them, the building has a surprise to offer where ever one looks. The lamps go over some beautifully crafted wooden furniture.


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Medicine Hat (Culture)
Sure, seeing the amazing pottery at Medalta is a given, but did you know that at Medalta you can tantalize all 5 senses? A sense of nostalgia can come from learning from the history and reconnecting with the roots of art and culture in Canada.
Cool places to check out on the east side of the province!
I don t know how many times I have whizzed past the city of Medicine Hat on the Trans-Canada Highway without giving the city a second thought.
Boasting the greatest amount of sunshine of any city in Canada, Medicine Hat located three hours southeast of Calgary near the Saskatchewan border is not just a city of retirees.


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ABC's established comedies, Modern Family (3.8/10) and The Middle (1.8/6), returned with originals lower. Modern Family was down 14% from its last first-run episode March 23, The Middle down 10%. Sandwiched between them was Better With You (1.5/4), which aired its first original in more than a month, since March 2, and was down 12% from that. All three series hit season lows. In its quest to successfully launch a new comedy series, ABC is premiering two new hopefuls behind Modern Family this midseason. Following the short run of Mr. Sunshine, it was Happy Endings' turn last night. At 9:30 PM, the premiere of the new single-camera comedy drew a 2.7/7 in 18-49. That was down 27% from the debut of Mr. Sunshine in the slot and down 7% from the premiere of the short-lived comedy series Romantically Challenged last April. (Though thats series launched after Dancing with the Stars.) Also last night, ABC kicked off its three-hour Wednesday comedy block. A second new episode of Happy Endings in its regular 10 PM slot fetched a 2.3/6. It was followed by a Modern Family rerun (1.8/5).
Fox's American Idol (7.1/20, 22.4 million viewers) once again dominated the competition. Its numbers were identical to the reality juggernaut's fast nationals last week. (Idol always goes up in the finals.) Versus the comparable telecast last year, Idol was down 3% in 18-49 and up 9% in viewers. At 9:30 PM, new comedy Breaking In (2.8/7) was down a steep 20% from its promising debut last week. An alarming drop but still a solid result as long as the show doesn't continue to slide. The network easily won the night in all categories.
CBS' Survivor: Redemption Island (2.9/9, 10.8 million) was down 6% from its fast-national demo number last week and currently ranks as the veteran reality series' lowest-rated regular telecast ever. (It may pick up a tenth in the finals.) Criminal Minds (3.4/9) was down 6%, while spinoff Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior (2.5/7) was up 19% after being trounced by NBC's Law & Order: SVU last week. Suspect Behavior is clearly impacted by SVU in a big way as it rose by almost 20% when airing against an SVU rerun vs. an original last week. NBC aired a new Minute to Win It (1.0/3, flat) at 8 PM, followed by Minute and SVU repeats.
CW's America's Next Top Model (2.3 million, 1.0/3 in 18-34) had its most watched episode in more than a month and was up 11% from last week in 18-34. The season finale of Shedding For the Wedding (1.4 million) hit series highs in total viewers and 18-49 (0.6/1) Probably too little too late …
Subscribe to Deadline Breaking News Alerts and keep your inbox happy.


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REST for scalable, fault-tolerant, asynchronous event-driven distributed systems? Really?
This is precisely the motivating factor that Jim Webber and co. had for writing REST in Practice. After reading the book I'm definitely someone who believes they could be onto something.
Using an Atom feed to expose a list of events is nothing new. It's a tried-and-trusted formula, proven many times over in the wild online jungle of internet blogs. Interestingly, though, It's also a key ingredient in building RESTful event-driven applications using the REST in practice model.
But that's jumping the gun a bit. REST in practice builds up from the foundations of HTTP web services.
Ground Up
Turning over the first few pages of REST in Practice you will get the watered-down academic version of REST fundamentals, including it's history. This chapter teaches you that REST is inspired by studies of what makes the web itself successful.
Chapters 2 - 4 continue to build from the ground up with some solid examples, using a fictitious online coffee shop called RESTbucks. These examples aren't RESTful, though; they are just progressive enhancements of a simple XML web service.
Chapters 2 - 4 do introduce concepts that are relevant to REST - URI templates and resources. The authors do a fantastic job of making it clear that this is just lightweight use of HTTP and is not RESTful (most people think this is RESTful unfortunately).
Hypermedia, Events and ATOM
You finally get to the real meat of the book in chapters 5 - 7. In these chapters you learn enough about hypermedia and using Atom RSS feeds to expose events, to finally unearth what this book is all about.
Throughout these chapters the familiar RESTbucks examples are continued.
I built a few toy RESTful, event-driven applications after reading this chapter. Looking back the content was very useful.
Ditch the Code Samples
I think all of the code samples were duplicated in C# and Java. This was a little frustrating. But overall I don't even think the code samples are needed at all, and often found myself skipping them.
I think the authors should have just focused on what goes across the network in HTTP requests and responses. I don't think the code samples helped, really.
Bit of an Academic Feel.. But Worth the Pennies
I really enjoyed this book, but I felt awkward here and there due to the slightly academicy tone. For some people that's not a problem; for me I like a bit of character - almost like the author is my best mate and we're talking about REST while playing a few games of FIFA on PS3.
While some books do have that conversational tone, it's only a minor person-specific 'criticism' of what is an exceptional book. It's a book that will teach you new concepts and may change the way you think about building distributed systems….
.. definitely worth the pennies and a weekend of your reading time.


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Contact The ARTEC Group
Phone: (817) 528-1027
Location: 6040 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Suite 43,
Fort Worth, TX 76116
Services Provided: Interior Design and Remodeling
The ARTEC Group, Inc is one of Fort Worth's Leading Interior design firms that blends comfort, functionality, and balance into their projects. Debbie Chirillo and her staff provide unparalleled interior design and remodeling services for both residential and commercial interiors.
Areas Served: Dallas, Fort Worth Metroplex and Nationally


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Isaiah 55 Tree of Life Version (TLV)
Trees of the Field will Clap Their Hands
55 "Ho, everyone who thirsts,
6 Seek Adonai while He may be found,
12 "Yes, you will go out with joy
Tree of Life Version (TLV)
Tree of Life (TLV) Translation of the Bible. Copyright © 2015 by The Messianic Jewish Family Bible Society.
You'll get this book and many others when you join Bible Gateway Plus. Learn more


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by Mike Levy
Vilnius is a city of ghosts. That may seem surprising for a city that is full of vibrant colours - stunning Baroque churches, castles and Art Noveau buildings. The capital of Lithuania exudes youthful energy and is fully signed up to Western European cafe culture.
Its young people are warm and friendly - they are keen to engage and usually excellent in English; What to engage about? The independence of a newly democratic Lithuania? The price of beer? The best clubs in town? You will find a young person keen to engage on each and all of these topics.
They are also willing to talk about an elephant at the party - or rather two of the beasts: one is the destruction of the city's pre-war Jewish population by Nazis and their local sympathisers; the other is the brutal repression, murder and deportation of the local ethnic Lithuanians by their Soviet masters. Each side has a tragic history to recount: each side seems to deny the the importance of the events of the other: 'my tragedy is much worse than yours'.Read more...


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About The Grange
The Grange Musical Collection is one of the largest and most diverse collections of self-playing musical instruments in the UK, from small polyphons to large fairground organs.
Take a browse to see just a small selection of instruments in our care.
Please note 'The Grange' is a private collection. Group tours and demonstrations by appointment only. Please contact us, or see the dates of our next open days.


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This is brutal.
Michael Hartnett at Bank of America Merrill Lynch is one of the more creative strategists on Wall Street when it comes to finding ways to illustrate some of the more pervasive investing themes going on in markets.
And so in a note to clients on Thursday, Hartnett presented the following chart comparing shares of Netflix to shares of AngloGold, a large gold mining company that has seen shares get crushed along with the price of gold.
Year-to-date, Netflix is up about 120%. AngloGold, meanwhile, is down about 60% as the price of has collapsed.
And when you compare Netflix against AngloGold, you see, well, something dramatic.
This chart might say nothing. But then again, it might say everything.
Get the latest Gold price here.


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A sitemap lists all pages available on a website. The sitemap for web pages on Elegant Quilling is shown below:
See All
Marjorie Jones has made several of her Quilling projects into postcards. You …
All prices are in USD.
Copyright 2019 Elegant Quilling.
Sitemap |
Ecommerce Solution by BigCommerce


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Free Download Internet Marketing Eb Blogs
Free Money Making online E-book for both beginners and experts. No registration or submit email.. required. Just go to the site, choose what e-book you want to read and download.
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Serviços Personalizados
- Citado por SciELO
- Acessos
Links relacionados
Estudos Avançados
versão impressa ISSN 0103-4014versão On-line ISSN 1806-9592
STEINER, João E.. The origin of the universe. Estud. av. [online]. 2006, vol.20, n.58, pp.231-248. ISSN 0103-4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142006000300022.
THE VARIOUS cosmological models along history are briefly reviewed. The evolution of the ideas may be understood as successive models such as the flat earth, the geocentric models as well as the heliocentric and the galacto-centric ones. In the last century, a concept was developed, the big-bang theory, that describes the most sophisticated observations on hand today and shows that the universe had an origin that can be search with scientific methods. In recent decades this model was refined to a new concept: inflation. By the end of the century and millenium new discoveries showed that all known matter is only the tip of the iceberg in a universe dominated by dark energy and dark matter whose natures remain mysterious.
Palavras-chave : Universe; Cosmology; History of astronomy; Big Bang.


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Aspen Comics opened a big day of panel presentations Saturday at WonderCon in San Francisco, CA, teasing upcoming projects, the return of delayed books and plans for trade collections of a number of their most popular titles.
"Thanks, everyone, for joining us this early in the morning," said Peter Steigerwald ("Soulfire"). "How many people are still hungover from last night?"
At least a dozen hands in the 80-person audience went up.
"Does anybody have any Excederin?" asked artist Ale Garza, to the laughter of the crowd. "No, I'm serious," he said. "I know it's bad to ask, but it really does help."
Executive VP Frank Mastromauro said he'd spoken with Michael Turner, who was scheduled to appear but could not make it to the show. He alluded to Turner's well-known health problems, saying it was the first convention Turner's missed and that he'd sent his sincere apologies to the crowd.
Turner's health came up in a happier tone later in the panel, when Mastromauro described writer J.T. Krul's collaborative process with Turner on the series "Soulfire".
"Every time Mike's out sick for a few months, he comes back with 20 new ideas for the book," Mastromauro said with a smile. "J.T.'s had to rewrite some scripts four or five times."
The panel previewed several returning and new projects from Aspen for 2008.
"Soulfire" issue #8 is expected in March. When the first volume concludes, volume 2 will launch with guaranteed shipping, Mastromauro said, emphasizing they would stick to a monthly schedule, with artist Marcus To having several issues already done.
"Marcus is stuck in the cold up in Canada, so he's got nothing better to do but stay at home and draw," Mastromauro said, to more laughter from the crowd.
"Aspen Showcase: Grace" was shown, written by Vince Hernandez and illustrated by Ale Garza.
"Soulfire: New World Order" has been a long time in the making, and Mastromauro said he's considering releasing the book in a prestige format.
"Shrugged" will conclude with the upcoming issue #8, and the program included several preview pages of artist Micah Gunnell's work on the final installment. Gunnell will be doing a project with Marvel after that, Mastromauro said.
"Iron and the Maiden: Brutes, Bims and the City" was also previewed, with Mastromauro describing a huge amount of character design and concept work having poured into the studio.
"Fathom" will return in the summer with an issue #0 and a third volume, written by Krul with art by Ale Garza, Sal Regla, and John Starr. The solicitation for the zero-issue should be released in about two weeks, Mastromauro said. He added that the series will have four or five issues all prepared by the time the first one hits the stands, so the series can maintain a stable shipping schedule.
Mastromauro said he's had many people come to him saying they love Aspen books, but that they don't know where to start and have trouble catching up, with back issues sold out and hard to find. He said the studio will try to correct that this year by getting more aggressive with their trade paperback collections. He mentioned "Shrugged" and "Fathom: Kiani" as books he'd like to see collected.
When asked about a collection for "Iron and the Maiden," Mastromauro said he's been working on some ideas with writer Jason Rubin for how to distribute the book as a trade to new venues.
"Ekos" is nine issues away, Mastromauro said, pending Turner's completion of "Soulfire" and six issues of his project with Marvel.
"Witchblade" and "The Darkness" creator David Wohl teased a project with the working title "Executive Assistant," with preview character designs by Brazilian artist Eduardo Francisco.
"Eduardo's doing some really incredible work, really growing his style with this," Wohl said. "I'm excited to be working with him. I think you guys are gonna love his stuff."
Ale Garza presented a new competition called ARTsenal, hosted at www.noirpomme.blogspot.com. He said he enjoyed the competitive spirit he'd had when working with WildStorm and boasted against the other artists.
"It's always great when I make these guys cry, when I kick their ass," Garza said.
Garza said Humberto Ramos is interested and one of the likely competitors.
Convention-goers will be able to nominated subjects for 90-minute competitive draw-offs at conventions throughout the year, with the art being auctioned off as a CBLDF fund-raiser at the end of the year.


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In his collection Risking Everything, Housden addressed love's many aspects. Now, in Dancing with Joy, he assembles 99 poems from 69 poets that celebrate the many colors of joy. Anything can be a catalyst for joy, these poems reveal. For Wislawa Szymborska, the catalyst is a dream; for Robert Bly, being in the company of his ten-year-old son; for Gerald Stern, it is a grapefruit at breakfast; for Billy Collins, a cigarette. Dancing with Joy includes English and Italian classical and romantic works; early Chinese and Persian verse; and poets from Chile, France, Sweden, Poland, Russia, Turkey, and India, plus a range of contemporary American and English poets. Whether inspiration is what you need, or an affirmation of what is already joyful in life, Dancing with Joy is a welcome treat for Housden's numerous fans, as well as anyone looking for sheer happiness, marvelously expressed. From the Hardcover edition.
Product recommendations
by Roger Housden
by Herman Melville
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I have been making wild fermented hard cider for about two years, and I'm starting to feel like I've learned a few lessons along the way. Making cider can be incredibly easy but also a long quest.
Most commercial producers make a fairly clean-fermented product. They source shelf stable apples, pasteurize the pressed juice, pitch a champagne yeast for a clean fermentation, add a few nutrients, then sulfite the cider and force carbonate it, perhaps adding sugars to the finished product. These ciders are sweet, bubbly, and straightforward, but instead, I want something wild, funky, and almost magical that calls forth the fruit it began with.
Many cider and wine recipes will tell you follow the commercial producers, adding to add yeast nutrients, pasteurized juice, sulfites, and tannins. There is another way.
At its core, wild hard cider is very straightforward. Begin with raw apple juice in a fermentation vessel. If you like, add a culture of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, or brewer's yeast. If you'd like to simply stir the cider a few times, Saccharomyces is already there in the unpasteurized juice, and you could also let this wild yeast take its course. Airlock the juice and leave the cider to ferment, anywhere from one to six months. Taste occasionally to see how the cider progresses. When it has reached a sweet and dry level to your liking, bottle, perhaps conditioning for a few days, and store refrigerated or enjoy quickly. Ciders that are more sweet will produce more carbonation in the bottle – be careful to refrigerate very sweet ciders after 2-5 days of bottle conditioning. You can take alcohol measurements using a hydrometer, but ultimately the cider will most likely produce an alcohol percentage between 5-8% alcohol by volume – again ranging how much sugar you allow to ferment dry.
That's it. No added sugar, no nutrients. You need not even add commercial yeast, although you can if you like! Let your cider ferment for a period of time, until it is lightly sparking and sweet, or perhaps dry and tart as a sour beer.
From here there is much more to explore!
Foremost, there are many varieties of cider apples that have more complex flavors, tannins, and fermentable sugars than eating apples. These can be harder to source, but will yield far more interesting and complex flavors than a run of the mill Golden Delicious or Gala apple. Varieties also vary by climate region and season, so cider around the states and the globe has the potential for vast differences. Different apples also contribute different flavors. For the dedicated cider maker, you may want to set up a home blending practice, testing different yeasts, apple varieties, and fermentation techniques. You can experiment with other fruits (I have made raspberry, peach, and strawberry wines as well), add honey and herbs, and make perry – cider from pears!
While I do use a free software program to brew beer, I have not found any software that seems useful for wild fermented wines, so to some end, in terms of calculating alcohol, sugars, fermentables, and acids, you're on your own a bit. The world of wine science is quite good at producing consistent, predictable products from strict farming, varietal, and production guidelines, but if you're still reading, I suspect that's not what you're after.
There are endless possibilities of that a few producers in the United States are just beginning to explore, and there's much more to be discovered. I am just beginning my journey of learning from fruits, microbes, and seasons, and I have found the sources below interesting and useful. I suggest you do some reading to start your own journey!
- Wild Fermentation, by Sandor Katz, Chapter 10: Wines. A great primer on wild fermentation techniques and equipment.
- Cider Made Simple, by Jeff Alsworth. A nice book that gives an overview of cider traditions around the world, a good read for some context to different historic cider approaches.
- Apples of Uncommon Character, by Rowan Jacobsen. Beautiful book of apple varieties, a good resource to learn about the differences between types of apples as well as several American and English cider varieties.
- Sacred and Herbal Healing Beers, by Stephen Harrod Buhner, especially chapters on mead. Lovely book on the healing and spiritual properties of herbs, as well as alternative fermentations.
- American Sour Beers, by Michael Tonsmeire. Rather technical, but a good, in depth primer on souring microbes and blending. The focus here is primarily on beer and grain brewing, but there is also excellent information on traditional and modern beer blending concerns that are very informative for a cider maker.
- The Drunken Botanist, by Amy Stewart. Great overview of fruits and botanicals that have been used in alcoholic beverages.


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text:
- Oregon boundary dispute
The Oregon boundary dispute, or the Oregon Question, arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century. Both the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (USA) had territorial and commercial aspirations in the region as well as residual claims from treaties with Russia and Spain.[1] The British knew the region as the Columbia District, a fur-trading division of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), while Americans referred to it as the Oregon Country. The broadest definition of the disputed region was defined by the following: west of the Continental Divide of the Americas, north of the 42nd parallel north (the northern border of New Spain and after 1821 of Mexico), and south of the parallel 54°40′ north (the southern border of Russian America after 1825).
The Oregon Dispute became important in geopolitical diplomacy between the British Empire and the new American Republic. In 1844 the U.S. Democratic Party, appealing to expansionist sentiment and the popular theme of manifest destiny, asserted that the U.S. had a valid claim to the entire Oregon Country up to Russian America at parallel 54°40′ north. Democratic presidential candidate James K. Polk won the 1844 election, but then sought a compromise boundary along the 49th parallel, the same boundary proposed by previous U.S. administrations. Negotiations between the U.S. and the British broke down, however, and tensions grew as American expansionists like U.S. Senator Edward A. Hannegan of Indiana, or Congressman Leonard Henly Sims, Missouri, which urged Polk to annex the entire Oregon Country north to the parallel 54°40′ north, as the Democrats had called for in the election. The turmoil gave rise to slogans like "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!" and the catchphrase "Manifest Destiny".
The expansionist agenda of Polk and the Democratic Party created the possibility of two different, simultaneous wars, because relations between the United States and Mexico were deteriorating following the annexation of Texas. Neither Britain nor the United States really wanted to fight a third war in 70 years. Just before the outbreak of the war with Mexico, Polk returned to his earlier position on the Oregon boundary and accepted a compromise along the 49th parallel as far as the Strait of Georgia. This agreement was made official in the 1846 Oregon Treaty, and the 49th parallel remains the boundary between the United States and Canada west of Lake of the Woods, other than the marine boundary which curves south to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and so excludes from the United States Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands. As a result, much of Point Roberts (a small peninsula extending south into the Strait of Georgia from Canada) is an exclave of the United States.
Early British and American activity
George Vancouver explored Puget Sound in 1792. Vancouver claimed it for Great Britain on June 4, 1792, naming it for one of his officers, Lieutenant Peter Puget. That year, on May 12, 1792, American merchant captain Robert Gray found the mouth of the Columbia River, and became the first Westerner to enter the river. He named it for his ship, the Columbia Rediviva.
The American overland Lewis and Clark expedition reached the mouth of the Columbia River in 1805 and built Fort Clatsop, on the south side of the river, as a place to spend the winter of 1805–1806 and provision for the return trip.
North West Company explorer David Thompson extensively explored the Columbia River commencing in 1807. While on his 1811 voyage down the entire length of the Columbia River, Thompson camped at the junction with the Snake River on July 9, 1811. He erected a pole and a notice claiming the country for the United Kingdom and stating the intention of the North West Company to build a trading post at the site. Thompson reached a partially constructed Fort Astoria about two months after the ill-fated Tonquin's departure.
Fort Nez Perces was subsequently constructed by the North West Company. The American Pacific Fur Company selected the more northerly Fort Okanogan as the center for their inland operations. Fort Astoria and all other Pacific Fur Company posts were sold to the North West Company. During the War of 1812, a rash action by the commander of HMS Racoon "captured" the fort, even though it was already under British ownership. The resulting technicality that it was returned to U.S. ownership as part of the war's settlement as a result of the Treaty of Ghent, even though no trading activity was re-commenced.
By Article III of the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 the United Kingdom and the United States agreed to what has since been described as "joint occupancy," deferring on any resolution of the territorial and treaty issues until a later time.
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) merged with the North West Company in 1821. That same year, the U.K. Parliament passed a statute requiring that the laws of Upper Canada be enforced by the HBC in Rupert's Land and the Columbia District. The HBC's Pacific Headquarters at Fort Vancouver became the center of activity in the Pacific Northwest.
The HBC held a license to trade with the populous aboriginal peoples of the region, and its network of trading posts and routes extended southward from New Caledonia, another HBC fur-trade district, into the Columbia basin. The HBC's headquarters for the entire region became established at Fort Vancouver (near today's Vancouver, Washington) in 1824, which became the centre of a thriving colony of mixed origin, including Scottish Canadians and Scots, English, French Canadians, Hawaiians, Algonkians and Iroquois, as well as the offspring of company employees who had intermarried with various local native populations.
Every year ships would come from London and India, (via the Pacific) to drop off supplies and trade goods in exchange for the furs. It was also accessed from London twice annually via Hudson Bay and the York Factory Express trade route. Fort Vancouver was the nexus for the fur trade on the Pacific Coast; its influence reached from Rupert's Land and the Rocky Mountains in the east to the Hawaiian Islands, and from Russian Alaska to Mexican California. At its pinnacle in the late 1830s and early 1840s, Fort Vancouver watched over 34 outposts, 24 ports, six ships, and 600 employees.
Early American activity in the region included Fort William on present day Sauvie Island, the establishment of the Methodist Mission in the Willamette Valley and the Whitman Mission east of the Cascades,[2] a saw mill in the Willamette Valley partly owned by Ewing Young,[3] a grist mill also in the valley built in 1834,[4] the Willamette Cattle Company organized in 1837 to bring over 600 head of cattle to the Willamette Valley, as well as ongoing Maritime Fur Trade vessels.
Since the HBC officially discouraged settlement because it interfered with the lucrative fur trade, negotiations over the decades failed to settle upon a compromise boundary along the Columbia River. Strained relationships grew worse as American settlers began trickling into the region in the 1830s, and tensions escalated when settlers started arriving in large numbers in the 1840s along the Oregon Trail.
Joint occupation
The dispute arose as a result of competing claims between the United States and the United Kingdom to the Oregon Country, which consisted of what is now the Pacific Northwest of the United States and southern British Columbia, Canada. Both nations claimed the region based on earlier exploration and the "right of discovery". Following long European precedent, both sides recognized only limited sovereign rights of the indigenous population.
In 1818, diplomats of the two countries attempted to negotiate a boundary between the rival claims. The Americans suggested dividing the Oregon Country along the 49th parallel, which was the border between the United States and British North America east of the Rocky Mountains. British diplomats wanted a border further south along the Columbia River, so as to maintain the North West Company"s (later the Hudson's Bay Company) control of the lucrative fur trade along that river. As a compromise, the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 (or Treaty of 1818), which settled most other disputes from the War of 1812, called for the joint occupation of the region for ten years. As the expiration of the ten-year agreement approached, a second round of negotiations from 1825 to 1827 failed to resolve the issue, and so the joint occupation agreement was renewed, this time with the stipulation that a one-year notice had to be given when either party intended to abrogate the agreement.
Early in the 1840s, negotiations that produced the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty (a border settlement in the east) addressed the Oregon question once again. British negotiators still pressed for the Columbia River boundary, which the Americans would not accept since it would deny the U.S. an easily accessible deep water port on the Pacific Ocean, and so no adjustment to the existing agreement was made. By this time, American settlers were steadily pouring into the region along the Oregon Trail, a development that some observers—both British and American—realized would eventually decide the issue.
The HBC belatedly reversed its policy on colonization. In 1841, on orders from HBC Governor Sir George Simpson, James Sinclair guided nearly 200 settlers from the Red River Colony west in an attempt to retain the area for Britain.
In 1843, John C. Calhoun famously declared that the U.S. government should pursue a policy of "wise and masterly inactivity" in Oregon, letting settlement determine the eventual boundary. That year over 700 U.S settlers arrived via the Oregon Trail in the "Great Migration". The Provisional Government of Oregon was established that year. Many of Calhoun's fellow Democrats, however, soon began to advocate a more direct approach.[5]
Election of 1844
Important figures in the Oregon question United States United Kingdom James K. Polk
Robert Peel
Prime Minister
James Buchanan
Secretary of State
Earl of Aberdeen
Foreign Secretary
Louis McLane
Minister to the UK
Richard Pakenham
Minister in Washington
At the 1844 Democratic National Convention, the party platform called for the annexation of Texas and asserted that the United States had a "clear and unquestionable" claim to "the whole" of Oregon and "that no portion of the same ought to be ceded to England or any other power." By informally tying the Oregon dispute to the more controversial Texas debate, the Democrats appealed to both Northern expansionists, who were more adamant about the Oregon boundary, and Southern expansionists, who focused on annexing Texas. Democratic candidate James K. Polk went on to win a narrow victory over Whig candidate Henry Clay, in part because Clay had taken a stand against expansion. "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!" was not yet coined during this election; one actual Democratic campaign slogan from this election (used in Pennsylvania) was the more mundane "Polk, Dallas, and the Tariff of '42".[6]
In his March 1845 inaugural address, President Polk quoted from the party platform, saying that the U.S. title to Oregon was "clear and unquestionable". Tensions grew, with both sides moving to strengthen border fortifications in anticipation of war. Despite Polk's bold language, he was actually prepared to compromise, and had no real desire to go to war over Oregon. He believed that a firm stance would compel the British to accept a resolution agreeable to the United States, writing that "the only way to treat John Bull was to look him straight in the eye". But Polk's position on Oregon was not mere posturing: he genuinely believed that the U.S. had a legitimate claim to the entire region. He rejected British offers to settle the dispute through arbitration, fearing that no impartial third party could be found.[7]
Prime Minister Robert Peel's Foreign Secretary, the Earl of Aberdeen, also had no intention of going to war over a region that was of diminishing economic value to the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the United States was an important trading partner. With the onset of famine in Ireland, the United Kingdom faced a food crisis, and had an increasing need for American wheat. Aberdeen had already decided to accept the U.S. proposal for a boundary along the 49th parallel, and he instructed Richard Pakenham, his minister in the U.S., to keep negotiations open.
On the other hand, Aberdeen and Pakenham were negotiating from a position of strength. The key was the overwhelming naval power which Britain could have brought to bear against the United States, combined with a diplomatic and political landscape that ultimately favored the British government's aim of protecting her interests robustly but without resort to armed conflict. Local interests were protected by the 80-gun ship-of-the-line HMS Collingwood under the CinC Rear Admiral Sir George Seymour. During the crisis his squadron was augmented by HMS America (74 guns), under the command of Captain John Gordon (younger brother of the Foreign Secretary), an officer whose misjudgement during the crisis – in contrast to Seymour's exemplary behavior – led to his court-martial and reprimand.
Ultimately British politicians and naval officers recognized that any conflict over the Oregon boundary, however undesirable, would be decided, like the War of 1812, on the Eastern Seaboard of the U.S. and the Great Lakes. It was here that the full influence of British naval dominance could be brought to bear and it was this influence that played most strongly upon American decision-making during the crisis, especially their decision to compromise. From London, McLane reported that the British were prepared "to commission immediately some thirty ships-of-the-line in addition to steamers and other vessels held in reserve." Polk's bluff had been called.
Against this background, skillful diplomacy by the Peel government offered Polk the chance to back down, which was a course he accepted. A repeat of the War of 1812 was not on anyone's agenda, and with no prospect of French support over such a trivial point Polk had little choice.
Whilst the Hudson's Bay Company gradually lost commercial dominance over Oregon, the company's interests were increasingly turning towards shipping which rendered the Columbia River less important than Vancouver Island. Shipping and trade interests could be protected by the development of the Esquimalt naval base and RN squadron based there.
Although the Royal Navy's presence locally may not have been superior, vast overall superiority to the U.S. Navy enabled Britain's politicians to secure their central objective of defeating the wild assertions of American politicians, retaining Vancouver island and avoiding a potentially costly, distracting war with a major trading partner at seemingly small cost at a time when the European continental balance was a far more pressing issue.[8]
A complicating factor in the negotiations was the issue of navigation on the Columbia River. Polk's predecessor, John Tyler, had offered the British unrestricted navigation on the river if they would accept a boundary along the 49th parallel. In the summer of 1845, the Polk administration renewed the proposal to divide Oregon along the 49th parallel, but this time without conceding navigation rights. Because this proposal fell short of the Tyler administration's earlier offer, Pakenham rejected the offer without first contacting London. Offended, Polk officially withdrew the proposal on August 30, 1845 and broke off negotiations. Aberdeen censured Pakenham for this diplomatic blunder, and attempted to renew the dialogue. By then, however, Polk was suspicious of British intentions, and under increasing political pressure not to compromise. He declined to reopen negotiations.[9]
Slogans and war crisis
Meanwhile, many newspaper editors in the United States clamoured for Polk to claim the entire region as the Democrats had proposed in the 1844 campaign. Headlines like "The Whole of Oregon or None" appeared in the press by November 1845. In a column in the New York Morning News on December 27, 1845, editor John L. O'Sullivan argued that the United States should claim all of Oregon "by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent". Soon afterwards, the term "Manifest Destiny" became a standard phrase for expansionists, and a permanent part of the American lexicon. O'Sullivan's version of "Manifest Destiny" was not a call for war, but such calls were soon forthcoming.
In his annual address to Congress on December 2, 1845, Polk recommended giving the British the required one-year notice of the termination of the joint occupation agreement. In Congress, Democratic expansionists from the Midwest, led by Senators Lewis Cass of Michigan, Edward A. Hannegan of Indiana, and William Allen of Ohio, called for war with the United Kingdom rather than accepting anything short of all of Oregon up to Parallel 54°40′ north. (54°40′ was then the southern boundary of the Russian claim to Alaska.) The slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" appeared by January 1846, driven in part by the Democratic press. The phrase is frequently misidentified as a campaign slogan from the election of 1844, even in many textbooks. Bartlett's Familiar Quotations attributes the slogan to William Allen.[10]
The calls to war were fueled by a number of factors, including traditional distrust of the British and a belief that the U.S. had the better claim and would make better use of the land. Moderates warned that the U.S. could not win a war against the world's greatest power, and that negotiation could still achieve U.S. territorial goals. Although the debate in the U.S. was not strictly divided along party or sectional lines, many who clamored for the 54°40′ border were Northerners upset that Polk, a Southern slave owner, had been uncompromising in his pursuit of Texas, a cause deemed favorable to Southern slave owners, but willing to compromise on Oregon. As historian David M. Pletcher noted, "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" seemed to be directed at the southern aristocracy in the U.S. as much as at the United Kingdom.[11]
Resolution and treatyMain article: Oregon Treaty
Although Polk had called on Congress in December 1845 to pass a resolution notifying the British of the termination of joint occupancy agreement, it was not until April 23, 1846 that both houses complied. The passage was delayed (especially in the Senate) by contentious debate, and ultimately a mild resolution was approved, the text of which called on both governments to settle the matter amicably. By a large margin, moderation had won out over calls for war. Unlike Western Democrats, most Congressmen—like Polk—did not want to fight for 54° 40'. [12]
The Polk administration then made it known that the British government should offer terms to settle the issue. Time was of the essence, because it was well known that the Peel government would fall with the impending repeal of the corn laws in the United Kingdom, and then negotiations would have to begin again with a new ministry. Aberdeen and Louis McLane, the American minister in the United Kingdom, quickly worked out a compromise and sent it to the United States. There, Pakenham and U.S. Secretary of State James Buchanan drew up a formal treaty, known as the Oregon Treaty, which was ratified by the Senate on June 18, 1846 by a vote of 41–14. The border was set at the 49th parallel, the original U.S. proposal, with navigation rights on the Columbia River granted to British subjects living in the area. Senator William Allen, one of the most outspoken advocates of the 54° 40' claim, felt betrayed by Polk and resigned his chairmanship of the Foreign Relations Committee.
The terms of the Oregon Treaty were essentially the same ones that had been offered earlier by the Tyler administration, and thus represented a diplomatic victory for Polk. However, Polk has often been criticized for his handling of the Oregon question. Historian Sam W. Haynes characterizes Polk's policy as "brinkmanship" which "brought the United States perilously close to a needless and potentially disastrous conflict". David M. Pletcher notes that while Polk's bellicose stance was the by-product of internal American politics, the war crisis was "largely of his own creation" and might have been avoided "with more sophisticated diplomacy".[13]
Ambiguities in the wording of the Oregon Treaty regarding the route of the boundary, which was to follow "the deepest channel" out to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and beyond to the open ocean resulted in the Pig War; another boundary dispute in 1859 over the San Juan Islands. The dispute was peacefully resolved after a decade of confrontation and military bluster during which the local British authorities consistently lobbied London to seize back the Puget Sound region entirely, as the Americans were busy elsewhere with the Civil War. The San Juan's dispute was not resolved until 1872; when the pursuant to the Treaty of Washington (1871) an arbitrator (the German Emperor) chose the American-preferred marine boundary via Haro Strait, to the west of the islands, over the British preference for Rosario Strait which lay to their east.
Upper Canada politicians and public, already angry with the Oregon Treaty, were once again upset that Britain had not looked after their interests and sought greater autonomy in international affairs.
Historical maps
The boundary between British and American territory was shown differently in maps at the time:
An 1844 British map showing the Columbia River as the boundary
An 1846 map showing the 49th parallel as the boundary through Vancouver Island
See also
- Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, between U.S. and Spain, resolved borders from Florida to the Pacific Ocean.
- Alaska boundary dispute, mid-to-late-19th century, resolved in 1903, resolved border between Alaska and British Columbia.
- Pig War
- Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842, primarily concerned the border between Maine and New Brunswick, but reaffirmed other aspects of the U.S.–Canadian border.
- ^ Mackie, Richard Somerset (1997). Trading Beyond the Mountains: The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793-1843. Vancouver: University of British Columbia (UBC) Press. pp. 29, 124–126, 140. ISBN 0-7748-0613-3. online at Google Books
- ^ Oregon History: Land-based Fur Trade and Exploration
- ^ Ewing Young Route. compiled by Karen Bassett, Jim Renner, and Joyce White.
- ^ Salem Online History: Salem's Historic Figures
- ^ Pletcher, pp. 109–110. The phrase "wise and masterly inactivity", which Calhoun used more than once, originated with Sir James Mackintosh. (source)
- ^ Rosenboom, p. 132.
- ^ Polk did not desire war, believed the Oregon claim: Haynes, p. 118. John Bull quote: Pletcher, p. 328. Rejects arbitration: Pletcher, p. 322.
- ^ Gough, Barry M., The Royal Navy and the Northwest Coast of North America, 1810-1914 University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. 1971. pp. 70-83
- ^ Pletcher, pp. 237–249, 296–300; Haynes, pp. 118–120.
- ^ Both Pletcher (p. 223) and Rosenboom (p. 132) note that the slogan was not used in the election. Pletcher also notes that many textbooks get this wrong. See also E.A. Miles, "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight": an American Political Legend, Mississippi Valley Historical Review 44(2), September 1957, pp. 291–309, and Hans Sperber, "Fifty-four Forty or Fight": Facts and Fictions, American Speech 32(1), February 1957, pp. 5–11.
- ^ Pletcher, pp. 335–37.
- ^ Pletcher, pp. 351.
- ^ Diplomatic victory for Polk, Haynes p. 136; brinkmanship, Haynes p. 194; Pletcher quote, p. 592.
- Haynes, Sam W. James K. Polk and the Expansionist Impulse. Arlington: University of Texas, 1997.
- Pletcher, David M. The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1973.
- Rosenboom, Eugene H. A History of Presidential Elections: From George Washington to Richard M. Nixon. Third edition. New York: Macmillan, 1970.
External links
Party platform and speeches
- 1844 Democratic platform, which asserted that the U.S. "title to the whole of the Territory of Oregon is clear and unquestionable"
- Polk's March 1845 inaugural address, in which he reasserted the "clear and unquestionable" claim
- Polk's December 1845 message to Congress, in which he called for the end of the joint occupation of Oregon
Political cartoons from Harper's Weekly, 1846
- "Polk's Dream", in which the Devil, disguised as Andrew Jackson, advises Polk to fight for the 54°40′ line
- "Present Presidential Position", in which the Democratic Party's "jackass" is standing on the 54°40′ line
- "Ultimatum on the Oregon Question", Polk talks with Queen Victoria, while others make comments
- "War! or No War!", two Irish immigrants face off over the boundary question
- Fifty-Four Forty or Fight at About.com, an example of a reference that mistakenly describes the phrase as an 1844 campaign slogan
- Another reference work that mistakenly ascribes the slogan Fifty-Four Forty or Fight to Polk is the Encyclopædia Britannica. URL last accessed December 16, 2005.
- 54-40 or Fight shows the quilt block named after the slogan. In this time period, women frequently used quilts to express their political views.
Further reading
- Sir James Douglas, Chapter V The Oregon Boundary, Robert Hamilton Coats and R. Edward Gosnell , publ. Morang, Toronto, 1908
- History of the Pacific Northwest
- History of British Columbia
- Pre-state history of Oregon
- History of United States expansionism
- Oregon Country
- Pacific Northwest
- Canada–United States border disputes
- Pre-state history of Wyoming
- Pre-state history of Idaho
- United Kingdom–United States relations
- Presidency of James K. Polk
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Oregon Boundary Question — D Settled in 1846, 27; occupation of the Columbia by the Astorians made basis of United States claims, 72; Oregon Treaty, 1846, 114; fundamental elements of dispute, 147 149; the Spanish title, 148; the collision at Nootka, 148; Gray s exploit … The makers of Canada
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Oregon City, Oregon — Oregon City redirects here. For other uses, see Oregon City (disambiguation). City of Oregon City City … Wikipedia
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Oregon Treaty — Map of the lands in dispute The Oregon Treaty[1] is a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States that was signed on June 15, 1846, in Washington, D.C. The treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing… … Wikipedia


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Vasectomy Reversal
Fertility Options Following a Vasectomy
The following information is for educational purposes only. We do not diagnose or treat the underlying cause of male infertility. This is typically done by an urologist. However, treatment such as inseminations or in vitro fertilization are often effective in couples.
Reasons why couples regret the decision to have a vasectomy vary. Probably the most common reason is remarriage, but the tragic loss of a child or the simple wish to have more children is another reason.
A typical vasectomy involves the destruction of a small section of the tube (vas deferens or "vas") that carries the sperm from the testicle to the urethra.
The major options that can restore fertility involve a surgical approach that reconnects the end of the tubes or alternatively a sperm retrieval technique in the male coupled with in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the female partner.
Advantages and disadvantages exist with each individual approach. The surgical approach re-establishes the flow of sperm by reuniting the vas deferens or connecting the vas to another type of tubule called the epididymis.
Success rates with surgical reversal can be excellent, especially when the interval from the initial vasectomy to its reversal is of short duration. Such an approach can be desirable as conception can occur in a natural manner at home. It can take some couples a considerable period of time, however, to conceive in this manner and not all surgery is successful in restoring sperm to the ejaculate.
An alternative approach to this surgery involves the aspiration of sperm from the epididymis via microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA), percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESE), or from the testicle via testicular sperm aspiration (TESA), or testicular sperm extraction (TESE). Sperm obtained in such a manner typically will not be capable of conception without the assistance of IVF and ICSI in the female.
Under most circumstances, MESA will give the highest quality and quantity of sperm, and can routinely provide enough quality sperm to allow for sperm cryopreservation. This allows for greater flexibility in timing of the IVF cycle and will often provide enough sperm to allow for multiple IVF attempts if desired.
Similar to the surgical reversal procedures, when MESA is coupled with IVF and ICSI, conception rates in excess of 50% of couples are possible. MESA can also be successful in patients where surgical vasectomy reversals are not possible or unsuccessful in restoring sperm to the ejaculate.
Many believe that it is best to consider a consultation with an urologist who is fellowship trained in microsurgery and has experience with the sperm aspiration/extraction techniques.
It would also be a consideration to consult with a reproductive endocrinologist, infertility specialist, to learn more about what is involved with IVF before a decision is made as to which approach is best for each couple.
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First Strike
(A Book Review of Joel C. Rosenberg's The Last Jihad)
Do you still remember where and what were you doing on the fateful day of September 11, 2001?
On that historic Tuesday morning, Joel C. Rosenberg was putting the finishing touches on what will be his first novel. Written some nine months before 9/11, it opens with a chilling and ominous scene where radical Islamic terrorists hijack a jet plane on a kamikaze attack mission into an American city. But what really brought The Last Jihad to international attention and catapulted it to bestseller lists was how it disturbingly and accurately predicted America's war with Saddam Hussein over terrorism and weapons of mass destruction.
Set ten years after the tragic event of the September 11, 2001 attack, popular American President James McPherson has successfully rooted out terrorist cells in the Middle East and North Africa. Osama bin Laden is dead for good, but Sadam Hussein continues to plot against the West. Then the day comes when no one and nothing has prepared them (and the reader as well) to what happens next: coordinated and simultaneous attacks throughout London, Paris, Riyadh and several sites in the United States and an assassination attempt that gravely wounded the U.S. President.
The reader then follows the crisis and action through the eyes of Jon Bennett, A Wall Street strategist who once worked closely with the McPherson. Now it's up to Bennett, along with his partner Erin McCoy, on a covert mission as they pool together their cunning to accomplish an international business deal with significant political ramifications where everyone's hope rests. It's a race against time as Israeli agents foil a plan by Sadam's regime to carry out a nuclear attack on Israel and as the Prime Minister seeks to pressure the United States to "go nuclear" on Iraq, threatening that if the U.S. doesn't do it, then Israel will.
The Last Jihad involves many separate strands advancing on parallel tracks that eventually converge in neat coordination. Rosenberg unfolds gripping scenes with ever-increasing tension, culminating in climax that is more complex than predictable. His realistic depiction of the interplay between the Secret Service, FBI and CIA gave the novel that energy and grittiness reminiscent of Tom Clancy and Robert Ludlum spy/action flicks. My only beef with this narrative juggling act eventually comes in midway point when the story slows down and moves away from dramatic scenes of action, specially in the part where the advisers engage in a heated debate as intelligence reports point out that Iraq is planning a nuclear attack that made the characters come off as talking heads as they decide on a first strike.
Rosenberg's novel comes at a time when geopolitical issues are raging in the world, particularly in the Middle East. Everyone is asking one thing: What is coming? His insights in this book are eye-opening, motivating us to look at our lives and be certain of our destination when the end comes.
The world has not quite recovered from the events unleashed by Bin Laden's deadly adventurism. Two wars have followed since then, and almost ten years later, the issues and causes on which they were launched remain unsolved. One provocation in one part of the world has been echoed by another, threatening an escalation of violence whose complexity has far outstripped our capacity for comprehension.
The Last Jihad is the first installment in a five book series that explores the current rumblings in the Middle East and how will it impact the world. One thing's for sure, I'm looking forward to the next novel.
Published by Tyndale House Publishers
(Trade Paperback, 2006 9/11 Anniversary Edition)
312 pages
Stared: September 7, 2010
Finished: September 13, 2010
My Rating:


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A Soviet View of the American past: An Annotated Translation of the Section on American History in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
A Soviet View of the American past: An Annotated Translation of the Section on American History in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
When William Benton, vice-president of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, visited Moscow in 1955 he called at the offices of the Great Soviet Encyclopaedia (Bolshaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopedia) on Pokrovskii Boulevard. From this meeting of cultural opposite numbers, rare insight into the editorial operations which determine the form and content for published scholarship for the entire Communist world may be gained.
At the time of Benton's visit, this encyclopedic arbiter of ideas for over 800,000,000 people was being directed by a staff headed by Editor-in-chief B. A. Vvedensky, a scholarly radio technician and physicist, and S. I. Viskov, the executive secretary of the editorial board and a specialist in modern history. With disarming candor the editors frankly admitted that the new second edition of their encyclopedia, the first edition having been published during the period 1927-1947, was being constructed in conformity with a Party decree of 1949, and that in the field of history and social movements, the articles were necessarily keyed to Marxism-Leninism. While admittedly under the yoke of politics and censorship, the editors professed to enlist the collective ability of a wide circle of the most eminent Russian authorities. In theory the editorial board is responsible for the selection of individual authors, but in practice the actual choice is made by staff specialists in consultation with institutions of higher learning. Once articles are received from assigned authors, the manuscripts are subjected to "public discussions" before being enshrined in the colossal entombment of all dogma and knowledge as revealed to the disciples of Marx, Lenin, and Stalin. [See Benton illuminating article, Great Soviet Encyclopedia, in the Yale Review, 47:552-568 (June, 1958).]
The plight of the Soviet historian and encyclopedist who labors under a flexible standard of truth may be graphically demonstrated by the dilemma posed by the liquidation in 1953 of Lavrenti P. Beria, who had been accorded an extensive and fulsome biographical sketch in one of the early volumes of the new edition of the Bolshaia [vol. 5, pp. 22-23]. The Encyclopedia, ostensibly in response to the overwhelming demand of its 250,000 subscribers, produced a special section expanding the adjacent articles on F. W. Bergholz (an eighteenth-century courtier), the Bering Sea, and Bishop Berkeley and supplied instructions for scissoring out the Beria sketch and replacing it with the new section. Thus were the offending traitor and his biography flushed down the Orwellian "memory hole."
The year following Benton's visit, volume 39 of the Bolshaia was published containing an article on the United States of America [pp. 557 to 654], a . . .


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My Georgia Adventure Part One
I am on another wonderful quilting adventure. I packed my car and headed out. This little picture shows my car loaded with six suitcases of quilts for my trunk show/lecture and all my teaching supplies for three workshops. Georgia here … Continue reading
Posted in blogging, day to day, Debbie's Lectures and Workshops, Debbie's Quilt Patterns, patterns, quilting, Quilting and Fabric Shops, quilting,travel,blogging,, Uncategorized Tagged #Calico Carriage Quilt Designs, classes, Gypsy Sampler Josehpine's Knot Pattern Labyrinth Pattern, quilt, quilting, teaching, travel, Trip 1 Comment
Fat Tuesday
Today is Fat Tuesday…..that means lots of your favorite quilt shops will have fat quarters of fabric on SALE. You really must stock up and start making great quilts! My Carpenter's Star pattern is perfect! Just look at what you … Continue reading
The Main House at Creations
Here is the Main House at the Creations Shop in Kerrville, TX where I lectured on my "No Diamonds/No "Y" Seams Old Quilts New Methods and hosted my Gypsy Sampler pattern workshop during a retreat. The Main House is a … Continue reading
Josephine's Knot Workshop in Pine Bluff, AR
I am teaching a Josephine's Knot workshop for the Jefferson County Quilt Guild in Pine Bluff, AR March 9, 2013, from 9 am to 4 pm. For details, email Mary McCaskill at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can purchase this quilt pattern online … Continue reading
New home for a Table Art
It is always fun to make things to give away especially when you love what you are making. I love colorful quilts and wanted to make something as a gift for my daughter in law's parents. Well….she happens to love … Continue reading


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Blue Louisa: A blog Covering Central Virginia & national politics from a progressive perspective
Watching Dave Brat campaign on a platform of brazen, unmitigated dishonesty has been one of the most demoralizing experiences in all my years as a voter. Not only because my Congressman has abandoned any concern for telling the truth, but because he actually expects his constituents to believe him.
The way he faked a Washington Post "4-Pinnochio" fact check of his opponent, Abigail Spanberger, was an insult to anyone with even a modicum of critical thinking ability.
His Pavlovian debate performance made a mockery of civil discourse and showed that he is wholly uninterested in (or incapable of) engaging in an earnest exchange of ideas. His TV spots—like the ironically titled "Double Down" ad—pollute the air with insipid, facile and repetitive lies that have been routinely disproved.
Does he honestly believe people are going to buy this?
Yes. Yes he does.
In fact, Dave Brat not only thinks his supporters are dumb enough to believe it, he's counting on it. And to be perfectly honest, I can see why. He's run a laughably inept, infuriatingly dishonest, and notoriously lazy campaign.
He's made no real attempt to reach out to people in this community, nor to make his presence known beyond road signs and purchased media. And the feeble, half-hearted outreach attempts he does make result in egregious unforced errors. (Consider the incident from the Congressman's visit to Chesterfield County Jail on October 17. When an inmate opened up to him about her struggles with drug addiction and her concerns for rebuilding a life after confinement, he tried to one-up her by unloading his own problems.)
He's the very model of incompetence, and he's proven time and again that he's woefully undeserving of a seat in Congress. In a perfect world, Dave Brat's re-election prospects would be abysmal.
Yet the race is still considered a toss-up.
So, he maintains course and speed. His lies about his opponent continue unabated (and easily refuted). His community engagement remains sparse, exclusionary, and secretive. His deceitful approach hasn't changed one bit, even when exposed for the farce that it is. Because he thinks he's getting away with it. He's counting on the ignorance and indifference of his base to nullify any consequences for it, and to carry him to a third term.
In short, Brat voters, he not only thinks you're all idiots, he needs you to be. Boy I sure hope you let him down on November 6.
Max Heyworth
Editor's Note: this letter originally appeared in Richmond2day, and has been re-posted here with the author's permission.
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December 2019


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Here's an awesome gift idea for the men on your list – Amazon has the The Bourne Classified Collection in Blu-ray + Digital HD for just $18.49 shipped! You can also choose the DVD collection for just $13.49 Shipped! I was just showing this set to Mr. Frugal yesterday and today it's on sale, awesome!
The collection includes the following movies:
Bourne Identity
Bourne Supremacy
Bourne Ultimatum
Bourne Legacy
…and don't forget you can try Amazon Prime FREE for 30 days!


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Bicyclist Struck and Killed Riding on Freeway
2015-09-02 · By Editor
On Monday, August 31, 2015, at approximately 12:07 a.m., Long Beach Police were dispatched to the 103 Freeway regarding a traffic collision involving a semi truck/trailer and a bicyclist, which resulted in the death of the bicyclist.
When officers arrived, they learned the bicyclist had been determined deceased by Los Angeles County Fire Department personnel.
The preliminary investigation revealed a 2010 International semi-truck with trailer, being driven by a 50-year-old male resident of Rancho Cucamongo, was traveling northbound on the 103 Freeway north of Pacific Coast Highway when it collided with the bicycle. The bicycle had been traveling illegally across the northbound lanes of the freeway at the time it was struck.
The bicyclist, a male who appeared in his approximate 60's, had no identifying information on him and is currently listed as a John Doe. The Los Angeles County Coroner's Office will determine his identity. The driver of the semi-truck remained at the scene and was interviewed and released.
Anyone who may have information regarding this incident is asked to call Long Beach Police Department Collision Investigation Detail Detective Sirilo Garcia at (562) 570-7355.


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Giles McNeill, Nettleham Parish Councillor, welcomed new proposals this week to raise standards in schools, create more good school places and increase equality of opportunity. The action plan, entitled 'Raising the bar, closing the gap', has been published by Conservative leader, David Cameron.
The paper outlines plans to raise the standards of the worst-performing schools so they can catch up with the best, improve school discipline, get every child who is capable of doing so reading by the age of six, allow new schools to open and create an additional 220,000 good school places. Other proposals include:
· Charities, voluntary groups and groups of parents would be assisted in setting up new schools in the state sector.
· Increasing teachers' ability to stop the distruptive use of mobile phones in classrooms.
· Promoting best practice and excellence, including school uniform policies, more extra-curricular activities, a system of prefects, and awards for pupils for academic and sporting achievement.
· Strengthening the powers of head teachers to expel pupils who ruin others' education.
Giles McNeill said:
"I welcome these proposals which will help raise standards in our schools, tackle unruly behaviour, and deliver more teaching by ability to stretch the strongest and help the weakest.
"It is right that we make it easier for charities, groups of parents and other providers to start new schools where there is a need for more good local schools. They should be helped to do that, not blocked by the Government or town halls. These plans will complement the excellent work Lincolnshire County Council is already doing to help raise standards for all our children."


text: New York City Fire Department History Lecture October 3, 2009admin The New York Public Library's Bloomingdale Library (150 W 100th St, NYC) will play host to a lecture on the history of the New York City Fire Department on Thursday, October 8, 2009 from 6:00 PM – 7:30 PM. Robert Holzmaier, Chief, Eleventh Battalion which covers Manhattan's Upper West Side will be discussing fire extinguishing in 1609, the first controversial fire tax- hooks & ladders- horses and dogs- the connection to the city's water supply- the city's great conflagrations- attempts to destroy the city by fire- fire company feuds- and the the uses of volunteers.You can learn more about the history of the New York City Fire Department at: http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/history/fire_service.shtml Related ArticlesConey Island Souvenirs Throughout The Years In May 1654, the early settlers of Gravesend, Brooklyn purchased what is now known as Coney Island from the local Native Americans. Back then it was just a beach, but by the 1840s it had […]Website Highlights Free New York Documentaries The popular website DocumentaryStorm.com is celebrating its 1st anniversary, and is recommending several documentaries available on the site about New York City for New York History […]Labor Event: 1911 Triangle Factory Fire FIRE! PLEASE HELP US WE ARE TRAPPED! These were the words screamed on Saturday afternoon on March 25, 1911. It was the horrific Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York's Greenwich […] Like this post? Share it!


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DERA'H: What a massacre at Al-Nu'ayma! It happened just before 4:30 a.m. on Friday when the 132nd Brigade of Syria's 5th Mechanized Armored Division, a part of First Army Corps, laid into Liwaa` Thuwwaar Sooriyya (Brigade of Syria's Revolutionaries, tee hee hee) and eradicated them and their allies. I had vague reports of this battle on Saturday but waited until the full review came in after a complete battlefield assessment. 4 armored cars with evidence of delivery by the Jordanteezians, 5 pickups with 23mm cannons along with 2 heavy trucks laden with weapons and ammunition were set ablaze. The actual place of battle was at Busra Square east of the White Palace Rest Stop near the Meteorological Observatory Road.
Muhammad Shalaash (Leader of Liwaa` Al-Ansaar)
Ahmad Abu Jaysh (Leader of Liwaa` Dubbaabaat Tafass, i.e. Brigade of Tafass's Tanks. Can anyone believe these names?)
Ameen Al-'Abbood (a/k/a "Al-Lahhaam", the butcher. Leader of Special Operations for Hawraan's Fallooja Brigade)
Faadi Mu'awwadh
Hussayn Al-Jawfa
Zayd Khudhr Makkaawi
Khaleel Hamaada
Dhiyaa1 Al-Zaytaawi
Nizaar Mahmoud Khalloof
Faysal Muhammad Al-Muhammadaani
Akram Al-'Umari
'Abdul-Ra`oof Al-Burhaan
Hamad Muwaffaq Al-'Arsaawi (JORDANTEEZIAN JACKASS)
Husaam Abul-Hasanaat
Mustafaa Hussayn Qaydoor
Raaghib Basheer Al-Buqayraat
Ahmad Zaayid Al-Mullah
Another 28 could not be identified and are presumed to be non-Syrian.
Der'ah City: On Sunday, the SAA killed this rat dropping:
Hassan Mansoor Al-Saalih (Leader of Kateebat Shuhadaa` Hawraan) N.B. He was killed dressed in a woman's chador.
East Al-Karak Town: SAA and PDC killed 11 Nusra/Alqaeda rodents and destroyed 2 cars disabling another one. I have no other details.
Heavy fighting reported here: 'Itmaan, Al-Yaadoodaa, Khuraab Al-Shahm, Al-Hiraak, Simleen, Basr Al-Hareer, Al-Soora, 'Alma, Inkhil, Kafr Shams, Tal Al-Haarra, Nawaa, Al-Shaykh Miskeen.
WILE E. COYOTE MOMENT: (Thanks, Anonymous)


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VanDyke stitch is TAST stitch 28, arrowhead stitch is TAST stitch 26. TAST stands for Take A Stitch Tuesday, an embroidery challenge at Pin Tangle. TAST is a rerun, I already experimented with these stitches in previous rounds, but couldn't resist experimenting with VanDyke stitch again.
I used perle 5 on 14 count Aida. First a wide stitch, then a smaller stitch inside.
I used perle 5 on 14 count Aida. First a wide stitch, then a smaller stitch inside.
And finally a tiny stitch to complete my variation.
I repeated this until the end of my row.
Then I added 2 rows of arrowhead stitches in perle 12 at both sides.
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You can also follow this blog at facebook. It's public, so you don't need an account to read it. From time to time there will be extra posts there or sneak peeks of the things I'm working on. A few days ago I shared an old sampler with VanDyke stitches.