text:
Injection molding is a process by which heated plastic or resin is forced into a cavity of a mold. There are four main steps to the molding process, and they are as follows: clamping, injection, cooling, and ejection.
During the clamping process, the mold halves are closed, and the mold cavity is created from the empty spaces between the two mold halves. During this time, molten resin is heated and store in the barrel of the injection molding machine. Fig. 1a shows a simplified diagram of this process.
Fig. 1a: Clamping process with mold halves flush and empty mold cavity. Heated resin in barrel of injection molding machine. [1]
During the injection process, the molten resin is forced from the barrel into the mold, filling the mold cavity and creating the needed shape. Figure 1b shows this step in simplified form.
Fig. 1b: Injection process with heated resin entering mold cavity. [1]
The cooling process occurs after the injection of the heated resin in complete and lasts until the part is ejected from the mold. During this process, the molten resin solidifies. The mold halves pull apart at the end of this process. At the same time, more resin enters the barrel and begins the heating process. Figure 1c shows a simplified diagram of this step.
Fig. 1c: End of the cooling process; the mold halves pull apart to allow for the final step. [1]
During the injection process, the part is pushed from the mold with the use of the ejector plate and the associated ejector pins. The mold then closes so the next cycle can begin. A simplified diagram of this process is shown in Fig. 1d.
Fig. 1d: Ejection process with the part being released from the mold and the mold cavity. [1]
*[1] "Aclaryn Plastics." Aclaryn Plastics. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015.
Here is a list of all of the terminology that will be used throughout the webpage to best understand the process of injection molding all together.
1. Hot Side (or A Side): Side of the mold where the molten plastic enters the mold.
2. M.U.D. Insert: Mold insert that is slid into the Master Unit Die (M.U.D.) frame. These inserts will house the aluminum inserts.
3. Guide Pin: Pins that assists the mold to close at the start of a new cycle. They prevent offset of the aluminum inserts when the mold is closed.
4. Aluminum Insert: Houses the mold cavity to be filled with plastic and is bolted into the M.U.D. insert.
5. Vent: Small, empty area that allows air to escape from the mold cavity during injection.
6. Runner: Guides molten resin, or plastic, to mold cavities.
7. Gate: Small entry point from runner to mold cavity. Allows plastic to fill mold cavity.
8. Injection Point: Location where the molten resin is first injected into the hot side.
9. Turn Gate: Runner system cut into the sprue bushing that allows plastic to fill either two cavities or all four cavities.
10. Ejector Side (or B Side): Side of the mold where the ejector pins are housed.
11. Return Pins: Pins that assist in pushing the ejector plate back to the correct location before a new injection cycle.
12. Ejector Pins: Pins that push the cooled product from the mold cavities.
13. Core Pins: Pins that create the snap fit female holes in the product.
14. Ejector Plate: Plate that holds the ejector and return pins at the same height.
15. M.U.D. Frame: DME product that allows for molds to be easily interchanged. [2]
16. Retainer Plate: Plate that fastens to the ejector plate, holding the ejector pins in place.
17. Mold Fastener: Bolt and clip that tighten so the M.U.D. inserts say in the M.U.D. frame.
18. Sprue Bushing: Mold component that contains a passage which allows molten plastic to flow from the injection nozzle to the runner system.
*[2] DME Company. Website {http://www.dme.net/}.
Injection molding is a well-known manufacturing process that has a diverse spectrum of applications from creating plastic food-safe products to automotive bumpers and dashboards. In fact, most products that are mass produced today and made of plastic are created through injection molding. As the method is so commonplace with industry, it is imperative that engineering students leave college or university understanding the basics behind the process. Therein, OSOCool has been tasked with designing and fabricating a mold for the injection molding machine that was donated to the University of Nevada by a local injection molding company, ClickBond, Inc. Figure 2 displays an injection molding machine similar to the one donated to the University.
Fig. 2: A picture of an Arburg 270 all-rounder injection molding machine similar to the one that OSOCool will be using.
The mold that OSOCool designed and developed, dubbed OSOMoldular, will be used in a senior level lab class to teach engineering students about the injection molding process. The mold will incorporate the advantages of industrial manufacturing – high repeatability and accuracy, a low cycle time, and low overhead costs – while also detailing common design considerations – the pressure constraints of the injection molding machine, the finishing requirements of a final product, and the ease of machinability of a mold. The final product that the mold outputs, referred to as OSOStellar, will be similar to common wooden 3D puzzles and resembles a star. A SolidWorks rendering of the final product is shown by Fig. 3.
Fig. 3: A SoldiWorks rendering of the final product that OSOCool's mold, OSOMoldular, will create with the Nevada logo. This piece, OSOStellar, will be the focal output of the lab course currently being developed at the University of Nevada.
The team's current design concept is to create a mold that can be used in conjunction with the injection molding machine located in the Palmer Engineering Machine Shop. The final design of the mold will create 12 identical pieces. These 12 pieces will snap-fit together in pairs to form six puzzle pieces which can ultimately be combined to create a star-shaped puzzle, aptly named OSOStellar. Figure 4a shows CAD drawing of a single one-twelfth piece, and Fig. 4b shows the mold designed for Proof of Concept fabrication.
Fig. 4a: A CAD rendering of a single, one-twelfth puzzle piece produced as part of the Proof of Concept. The leftmost diagram shows innards of the piece where each circle represents either a pin or a pin hole for snap-fit; the middle diagram shows a side-view of the piece yielding the best view of the pins extruding from the piece; and the right most shows outer planes of the piece.
Fig. 4b: A CAD rendering of the two-sided OSOMoldular mold produced as part of the Proof of Concept. The left side of the image displays the ejector side of the mold; whereas, the ride side displays the hot side with a test runner.
The need to test all the fit constraints of the final part is heavily reliant on the cost of a mold die. Due to the expensive nature of the mold die and the limited resources faced by the team, the final mold must be completed with negligible error.
In order to validate the CAD model of the final part, shown in Fig. 3, OSOCool used a 3D printer to create a prototype. The prototype was for a full test OSOStellar puzzle, so 12 identical pieces were printed. The constraints of the 3D printer do not allow for the testing of the pins nor the holes that would be used to snap-fit two single pieces together to form one of six puzzle pieces. To compensate for this deficiency, the team used an adhesive to merge two individual pieces into a single puzzle piece. The purpose of the 12 printed pieces was to determine whether or not the design could successfully realize an entire puzzle.
Depending on the fit of the puzzle as a whole, OSOCool had two options: if, the pieces fit together to form an entire puzzle, OSOCool would be able to continue on to their next Proof of Concept phase; if the pieces did not fit together to form an entire puzzle, the part would have to be re-designed to ensure proper fit. Fortunately, the physical model would assist in determining which design features of the part were deficient and which tolerances needed to be adjusted. On the other hand if the pieces fit together with minimal finishing, the next stage of the proof of concept could be realized. Figures 5 and 6 display several different elements of the results from the 3D print Proof of Concept.
Fig. 5: The completed 3D print of the pieces that create OSOStellar. Number's 1 & 2 display two halves of a piece that would then be snap-fit together to create one-sixth of the puzzle. Number 3 displays a complete, fully-assembled 3D print of the OSOStellar puzzle.
The final results of the 3D prototype verified the CAD model as the puzzle fit together with minimal sanding shown by the red triangles in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6: One-sixth of the final 3D print of the OSOStellar puzzle. The red triangles highlight the minimal finishing that the piece requires.
The test mold allowed the team to determine the capabilities of the CNC machine equipment located in the Palmer Engineering Machine Shop at the University of Nevada. It is important to know the limitations of the "in-house" CNC machinery, as the final mold will most likely be produced using this equipment. Unfortunately, if the test mold could not be successfully machined, OSOCool would have had to determine an alternate method of mold machining, most likely by contracting the machining to an outside source. In addition to testing the machining equipment and the machinist, the test mold would also be used to cast a test of the final part with a material such as plaster. By casting these test pieces, the final part could be validated in correlation to the mold, and the mold could also be validated as a viable design. Once the test mold has been validated, OSOCool would be able to start the preparations for machining the final mold, whether that be "in-house" or "out-of-house". The machining process, resulting test mold, and casting of a single piece are illustrated in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and Fig. 9, respectively.
Fig. 7: The machining process, resulting test mold, and casting of a single piece. The aluminium block before being machined down is shown at the upper left of the image; the C.N.C. machine used is shown at the upper right of the image; and the resulting test mold cavity is shown at the bottom of the image.
Fig. 8: The full resulting test mold that was used to create the test cast shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 9: The prototype, Aluminium mold was used to create a test cast of the piece as shown as a means by which to test the final aspects of the Proof of Concept.
The final design concept selected was a 3D puzzle that, once assembled, had the appearance of a star. This puzzle is created from six identical puzzle pieces, one of which is illustrate in Fig. 10. Due to the varying depths of material of a single puzzle piece, part shrinkage would not have been isometric, and the full assembly may have been impossible to achieve.
Fig. 10: The proof-of-concept 3D printed piece emphasizing the divide line along the piece.
In order to circumvent this constraint, the team decided to divide a single puzzle piece in half along the axis, shown in Fig 10, and hollow out the part. By creating a shell, constant wall thickness would be maintained and allow for similar shrink values along the entire part. The CAD model would also allow the needed simulations that gathered fill time, cycle time, and gate location which would be used for mold design. The two halves would create a single puzzle piece using pins and holes that will allow two parts to snap together.
Once the part design was completed, the CAD model for the mold was created using SolidWorks and the Mold Tool package. This mold model included all the relevant engineering specifications such as gate location and size and cavity surface area. The model of the mold surface is illustrated in Fig. 11a and the model of the entire mold is detailed in Fig.11b. Both figures included all of the mold components such as the runners, the gates, the pins, and their respective holes. The numbering in Fig. 11a and 11b corresponds to the following: (1) Hot side or A side, (2) M.U.D. insert, (3) Guide pins, (4) Aluminum insert, (5) Vents, (6) Runner, (7) Gate, (8) Injection point, (9) Turn gate, (10) Ejector side or B side, (11) Return pins, (12) Ejector pins, (13) Core pins, (14) M.U.D. frame, (15) Ejector plate, (16) Retainer plate, (17) Mold fasteners, and (18) Sprue bushing.
Fig. 11a: A final SolidWorks rendering of OSOMoldular mold surface. Each element of the design is labeled both on the image and in further detail in the Definitions section of the webpage.
Fig. 11b: A final SolidWorks rendering of OSOMoldular. Each element of the design is labeled both on the image and in further detail in the Definitions section of the webpage.
The proof of concept performed by the team included a 3D print of the 12 puzzle halves so that a full puzzle could be assembled and the part could be tolerance, the machining of a test mold using the model shown in Fig 9 to determine the "in-house" machining capabilities of the CNC machines, and a resin cast of a single puzzle half using the test mold to have a visual inspection of the final product created by the test mold. While all of these proof of concepts were highly successful, they did show that minimal re-design of the part would be needed before final manufacturing of the mold could occur. The team also re-designed the mold so that two of the four cavities would need to be finishing to remove the gate from the part; the other two cavities would be designed so that the gate would be sheared from the part during ejection, eliminating the need for finishing of the part. Figure 12 illustrates the re-designed and finalized puzzle half and the final mold design. All relevant design characteristics are labeled.
Fig. 12: Two views of the re-designed, finalized puzzle half that OSOMoldular will create. The left half shows the inside of the piece; whereas, the right half shows the outside appearance of a final puzzle piece.
OSOCool first purchased the Master Unit Die (M.U.D.) shown in Fig. 13. The M.U.D. is composed of six pieces as shown: the hot-side frame, the ejector-side frame, the hot-mold insert, the ejector-mold insert, the ejector plate, and the retainer plate. The hot-side frame will hold the hot-mold insert which then contains the hot-side aluminium insert. The same general concept applies to the ejector frame, the mold insert, and the aluminium insert. In the case of the ejector-side, the ejector-frame will house the ejector plate and the retainer plate.
Fig. 13: The Master Unit Die (M.U.D.) that was used to supplement OSOMoldular.
In order for the mold inserts to house the aluminium inserts, pockets were machined into the mold inserts. Here, rectangular pockets shaped for the aluminium inserts were machined into the mold inserts, thereby creating a cavity so that the aluminium faces fit flush, or level, to the mold insert faces. These inserts are illustrated in Fig. 14.
Fig. 14: An image of both sides of the tooling steel mold inserts that have been hollowed to meet the fit requirements of the aluminium inserts. OSOCool has established that this step is best addressed prior to mold machining as it yields the exact dimensions upon which the aluminium inserts are to best fit.
The team also purchased a 12″ x 12″ x 1-1/2″ block of aluminium to serve as material in which to machine the inserts. The block was separated into seven pieces: six sharing the dimensions 3-2/3″ x 5″ and one block of excess material with no relevant dimensions. The block of aluminium is illustrated in Fig. 15 after the divisions were made. Two of the like-dimensioned blocks were then utilized to create the OSOMoldular inserts which will later fit into the aforementioned mold insert pockets, shown in Fig. 14.
Fig. 15: On the left is the 12″ x 12″ aluminium block reassembled back to its appearance before it was cut. On the right is the block separated into seven smaller pieces. The six blocks bordering the bottom and the top of the image were all dimensioned at 3-8/12″ x 5″, and two blocks were then further to be machined to create the inserts for the mold.
The aluminium inserts designed for the mold pockets were created using the respective dimensioned aluminium blocks: one block for the hot-side of the mold and the other for the ejector-side. The fabrication process will herein be described with respects to each side of the inserts.
Machining the hot-side insert, or the A-side, was the first step in completing OSOMoldular. As the hot-side of the insert contains the mold cavities into which the resin will be injected, the team began by finding the correct mill bit for the Computer Numerical Control (C.N.C.) machine located in the Machine Shop. Using the correct bit type and size is imperative for the success of any project where precision is held paramount.
Fig. 16: A graphic representation of the ball end-mill (left) and the flat end-mill (right) were the mill bits that OSOCool decided would be most effective in outputting the hot-side of the mold.
For the aluminium block, a 1/8 in. ball end-mill was first used across the entire mold as to obtain the smooth slope necessary in creating the OSOStellar product. A 1/32″ flat end-mill was then used to smooth out the horizontal faces of the mold while avoiding creating unnecessary roughness for the mold cavities. Both the ball end-mill and the flat end-mill bits are shown in Fig. 16.
Fig. 17: The SolidWorks part-files that were used to create the G-codes for the hot-side insert. The right side is the schematic used for the ball end-mill bit and, therefore, has an extra 1/12″ of material above the actual surface as not to destroy the face of the plate. The left side is the schematic used for the flat end-mill bit and has filled mold cavities.
This technique was accomplished by creating two unique sets of G-codes from different SolidWorks part-files: the first drawing followed the general shape of the insert but had an extra 1/12″ of material above the mold face so that the ball end-mill would not cause roughness across the top face of the insert; whereas, the second drawing portrays a flat plane across the true face of the insert filling the mold cavity, which prevents excess machining and potential damage to the cavity. Using the second drawing, the 1/32″ flat end-mill was then able to shears the face of the insert down to an acceptable roughness without interfering with the smooth and defined edges that the 1/8″ ball end-mill had created within the cavity. The SolidWorks drawings that were used to best create the mold are illustrated in Fig. 17, and the working hot-side insert is portrayed in Fig. 18.
Fig. 18: The final hot-side insert created by the C.N.C. machine has both a flat face and a smooth, gradual slope along the walls of the cavity. This wanted effect was obtained by using multiple SolidWorks drawings each yielding their own G-code.
This method of machining was established in response to the mold-deficiencies created during the first trial of the C.N.C. machine. Previous to the final OSOMoldular hot-side insert, OSOCool attempted to machine the hot-side using the ball end-mill followed by the 1/32″ flat end-mill throughout the entire block using just the one finished SolidWorks model which portrayed the aesthetic appearance of the final mold. However, the mold yielded damaged corners and an undesirable slope across the cavity of the insert, as shown in Fig. 19.
Fig. 19: The first attempt at machining the hot-side was unacceptable as it yielded an undesirable slope across the cavity of the insert and an unnecessary roughness across the face of the insert.
The undesirable slope across the inner cavity was created by the flat end-mill as it did not flatten the slopes but rather continuously etches into the sides of the cavity which has been smoothed by the ball end-mill; likewise, the unnecessary roughness across the flat surface of the mold was created by the ball end-mill bit as it rounded the flat surface, forging ridges into the face of the insert. The difference between the ball end-mill and the flat end-mill is illustrated in Fig. 16. By designed two codes from two difference SolidWorks models, OSOCool was able to overcome these minor setbacks and continue with production as scheduled.
Machining the ejector-side insert, or the B-side, was the next step in completing OSOMoldular. As the ejector-side houses the ejector pins which release the final OSOStellar part from the mold core extrusions, OSOCool approached the machining with the foreknowledge gained from the hot-side of the insert and began by identifying the correct mill bits to best manufacture the insert.
It was determined that OSOCool should first use a 1/2″ flat end-mill to remove the bulk of the material from the insert, as shown in Fig. 20. A 1/8″ ball end-mill was then used to create the extrusions, as shown in Fig. 21.
Fig. 20: The ejector-side being machined using the 1/2″ flat end-mill.
Fig. 21: The ejector-side being machined using the 1/8″ ball end-mill.
In the pursuit of being thorough, OSOCool made an extra step in using a 1/32″ flat end-mill that unfortunately had no general impact on the piece each time it was run. The code ran the 1/32″ flat-end bit three times with little effect, which set the team back with respects to project completion time. As the team has had no prior experience machining to this level of accuracy, mistakes were bound to have been made – especially as the team was under the impression from the early stages of designing that all machining would be done by an outside source. The ½" flat end-mill was then used again to remove a portion of the material that the 1/32″ was unable to remove.
Finally, the 1/8″ flat end-mill was used to machine the ejector-side down to its final shape which is shown in Fig. 22. As the extrusions will be concealed by the final product, the finishing precision was not nearly as necessary when considering that the surface of the piece produced is not meant to be in contact with any outside source and should be enclosed during the final product assembly.
Fig. 22: The final ejector-side of OSOMoldular is displayed. The purpose of having the layer of material protrude from the base of the ejector-side is to prevent warping and deformation; however, the precision of the respective extrusions is not necessary beyond ensuring that the resin is able to dry across the final injected piece without inducing any uneven shrinkage.
As both the hot-side and the ejector-side of the aluminium inserts had been fully machined by the C.N.C. machine, OSOCool was then able to use the drill press to create all of the necessary holes in which the ejector pins may be placed.
Due to the level of accuracy needed for the pins, the team purchased them from an outside vendor. For the ejector plate, 25 pins were needed: 20 pins were ordered at a diameter of 3/32″ with an approximate head diameter of 7/32″ and 5 pins were ordered at a diameter of 5/32″ with an approximate head diameter of 9/32″ Here, the grinder was used to cut the pins down to their correct height. These pins are shown in Fig. 23.
Fig. 23: The pins that were used for the ejector plate were made in two sizes. The 5 pins that were machined to a diameter of 5/32″ are shown above the 20 pins that were machined to a diameter of 3/32″.
Once the pin height had been reduced, the ejector plate was drilled 25 times in the respective locations, shown in Fig. 24, for the pins to fit.
Fig. 24: Lauren Guevel drilling the final holes into the ejector plate.
Four additional holes were then drilled into the ejector plate so that it may be fastened to the retainer plate. Simultaneously, four holes were threaded into the retainer plate (or the plate that keeps the pins from releasing from the ejector plate) so that it may be fastened to the ejector plate. The retainer plate was then fastened to the ejector plate using four 1/4 -20 UNS bolts as illustrated in Fig. 25.
Fig. 25: The ejector plate with the pins plugged into their respective slot is fastened to the retainer plate using the 1/4 -20 UNS bolts.
After the aluminium inserts had been machined, the runners were added to both the hot and ejector inserts. The runners were created using the C.N.C. machine. The sprue runner, highlighted in blue in Fig. 26, was first machined using a ¼" ball end-mill. The part runners, highlighted in red in Fig. 26, was then machined using a 7/32″ ball end-mill. The results from this step are illustrated in Fig. 26.
Fig. 26: The runners highlighted on the final inserts. The sprue runner is highlighted in blue; whereas, the part runners are highlighted in red.
Following the machining of the runners for the inserts, the gates were created. The gates are the holes that allow the resin to enter from the runner system into the mold. For this machining aspect, OSOCool used a 10° tapered conical drill-bit rotated to a 40° angle as to ensure that the gates would shear the runner correctly as prescribed by the design. The machining process for the gates is shown in Fig. 27.
Fig. 27: The machining process for the gates. Here, Dillon Smith is using the 10° tapered conical drill-bit rotated at a 40° angle to create the gates.
The vents were added to the hot-side aluminium insert after the gates and runners were added as vents should always be aligned across from the runners. Vents are an essential element in mold fabrication as they allow for resin to best fill a mold insert. More specifically, when the resin is injected into the closed mold cavity, the resin is able to better fill the entire cavity with the inclusion of vents as they allow air to escape, significantly reducing the pressure that the mold experiences. The vents are illustrated in the final SolidWorks rendering shown inFig. 28.
Fig. 28: The final SolidWorks rendering of the finished product.
At this point in time, the only machining left to complete was to drill the holes through the ejector-side insert for the ejector pins to fit with an extremely low tolerance of error. Multiple attempts were made for this final manufacturing step as OSOCool was not prepared to handle such a high level of precision. The first attempt at drilling holes into the ejector-side was ultimately in vain as the holes were created just slightly too large. This fact rendered the entire ejector-side unusable, and the team needed to restart the entire machining process for the ejector-side of the aluminium insert. The damages created during the first attempt are illustrated in Fig. 29.
Fig. 29: A picture of the damages created during the first attempt at drilling the holes into the ejector-side. The holes were created too big, so the piece was unusable.
This error was wholly manufacturer based. If the mold were to be created out-of-house, the reliability of the part with respects to tolerancing would naturally be guaranteed; therefore, it is strongly encouraged by OSOCool to any individual interested in repeating this project that they seek out a manufacturer for the fabrication process unless they are competent in regards to all of the machining steps listed or have sufficient time for the entire process.
The second attempt at drilling holes into the new ejector-side was accomplished but ultimately set the team back a week of machining. The final product is shown in Fig. 30.
Fig. 30: The final OSOMoldular ejector-side with the correct holes and pins.
Once all machining has been completed, the mold was finally ready to be assembled. The hot-side and the ejector-side with the pins and plates attached are each placed into the tooling steel mold inserts as shown in Fig. 31. The mold is now ready to be tested using the injection molding machining.
Fig. 31: The final OSOMoldular product.
Before the mold could be placed in the injection molding machine and tested, the team first needed to ensure that the two aluminum mold inserts would be able to fit together and create a flush parting surface (the surface where the two mold halves meet). A blueing die was spread on the surfaces of the ejector side that would have the most interference with the hot side of the mold. The mold halves where then pressed together and the points where the mold halves interfered were stained with the blueing die. If the interference points were not desired, the mold was filed down in these locations and the process was repeated. Figure 32 shows the blueing process.
Fig. 32: Dillon Smith (left) testing mold fit with blueing paste and mold face (right) with blueing paste on high interference points.
The team completed three separate testing session with OSOMoldular. Figure 33 shows the mold when it was loaded into the Arburg injection molding machine.
Fig. 33: OSOMoldular loaded into the Arburg injection molding machine with the use of the M.U.D. frame.
The first test was very successful for the team in that the part produced from the machine where the correct size and shape. In regards to the mold, the first testing session was less than desirable in that only 50% of the mold could produce viable parts. A second issue with the mold was the runner for the self-shearing portion of the mold would not "stick" with the ejector side. This "sticking" problem resulted in a pause after each cycle to remove the "stuck" parts from the hot mold cavities and is shown in Fig. 34.
Fig. 34: Parts and runner "stuck" in self-shearing cavities (left) and successfully ejected non-shelf shearing parts (right).
To rectify this "sticking" problem, the team added runner pullers with the help of High Dessert Tool and Mold, a professional mold manufacturing company. The pullers are simply rings cut into the inside surface of the ejector pin hole as shown in Fig. 35.
Fig. 35: SolidWorks representation of runner pullers, undercuts that encourage runner to stay in the ejector side of the mold. Diagram shows the cut view of one runner ejector pin hole.
The addition of these cuts encourages the runner to stay with the ejector side of the mold until the ejector pins force the plastic out. While this addition prevented the runner from "sticking", the part halves in the self-shearing cavities continued to have the same problem. Cuts were added to the surface of the ejector extrusions to again encourage the parts to stay with the ejector side of the mold. These cuts are shown in Fig. 36.
Fig. 36: Cuts to the extrusions of the self-shearing ejector surface to encourage part halves to stay with ejector side.
The addition of these cuts allowed the mold to function at a 75% success rate, and the team was able to shoot approximately 800 part which yielded approximately 65 puzzles as shown in Fig. 37.
Fig. 37: OSOStellar puzzle created from second successful testing session.
The cycle time for to shoot 3 out of the 4 cavities was a 1.15 second fill time and a 26.0 total cycle time. The resin temperature at injection was 500°F with an injection pressure of approximately 59MPa, or 4.3 tonnes per sq. inch. These results and the other data collected from this day of testing were all within the desired ranges that OSOCool had previously determined.
The third test session included the addition of core pins to the mold so as to test the snap-fit fastening that team had previously designed. The team also added additional cuts the the self-shearing core extrusions in the ejector side of the mold to increase the success rate of the mold to 100%. The core pin addition and the cuts are documented in Fig. 38.
Fig. 38: Core pin addition to OSOMoldular (top) and additional cuts to core extrusions (bottom).
The modifications the team made to the final mold functioned as desired. The snap-fit functioned as designed, and a whole puzzle could be created without the need for adhesive. The addition of the cuts to the mold ejector extrusions allowed all parts to eject without the "sticking" issues making the mold 100% functional. Figure 39 is a .gif that shows the successful ejection of all 4 parts and Fig. 40 shows the snap-fit and a full puzzle assembled with only snap-fit connections.
Fig. 39: Successful ejection of parts from all 4 mold cavities.
Fig. 40: Single snap-fit puzzle half (top left), single snap-fit puzzle piece (top right), and fully assembled snap-fit puzzle (bottom).
OSOCool is made up of five rad Engineering students at the University of Nevada. They have undertaken the task of designing a product and mold for the injection molding machine in the machine shop of Palmer Engineering.
Fig. 32: OSOCool in front of the Arburg injection molding machine with final mold and assembled puzzles. From left to right, they are Dillon Smith, Kelsey Scalaro, Lauren Guevel, Sam Ashmore, and Andrew Mc Neilly.
After completing her first Bachelor's in Electrical Engineering in December of 2014, Sam Ashmore is on her way to completing her second degree in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Nevada by graduating this spring. Both degrees have been equal parts challenging and rewarding, and she is looking forward to having both complete.
She currently works at NV Energy and plans to continue doing so after graduation. Otherwise, she is also considering continuing her education with a graduate degree in Electrical Engineering and possibly an MBA. She will also be perusing her Professional Engineering licence in the near future.
She is the OSOCool Team Leader for the spring semester and a member and officer of Tau Beta Pi, the Engineering Honors Society. Other organizations include the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. In her free time…she has no free time, but what engineer does?
Lauren Guevel is graduating with her BS in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Nevada, Reno in 2015. She previously held an internship with LSP Products, a company that makes plumbing and injection molding products. After graduation she is working for Innovative Drive, a company that specializes in medical robotics in Reno, Nevada as well as the Bay Area.
In addition, she was the president and co-founder of Wolf Pack Racing, a student club which builds vehicles for the Formula SAE and Baja SAE challenges, and has successfully completed her duties as the OSOCool Team Leader for the fall 2014 semester. In her free time, she enjoys hiking, climbing, kayaking, and yoga.
Andrew Mc Neilly is a senior level student at the University of Nevada actively pursuing his Bachelors of Science in the field of Mechanical Engineering. He strives to work in themed entertainment like Walt Disney Imagineering where he hopes to create, design, and reimagine the attractions of tomorrow, today. He currently works as a seasonal employee for the Walt Disney Company in ride operations stationed primarily in the Magic Kingdom.
Future planning aside, he is also an incredibly active student in terms of on-campus extracurricular activities; currently, he is the president of the university chapter of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the vice president of the Engineering Leadership Counsel, the Differential Funds Committee Chairmen for the Mechanical Engineering department, the vice president of the Creative Development Association, the leader of his ImagiNations Competition team, and the New Member Initiation Instructor for Theta Tau, a professional engineering organization.
Otherwise, he is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineering, the Society of Automotive Engineers, the Society of Women in Engineering, and the Blue Key Honor Society. As a dual citizen between the United States and the United Kingdom, Andrew enjoys exploring and traveling to new and far off destinations in his free time – whether that be in a kayak, hiking, or on a plane.
Kelsey Scalaro is a Mechanical Engineering senior at the University of Nevada. She hopes to pursue a career in aerospace and plans on continuing her education as a graduate student next fall. She participates in an internship with Aerojet during the summer months and currently works in the Mechanical Engineering department as a teacher's assistant where she helps students understand and use the cad software SolidWorks and basic robotics.
In her free time, she enjoys hiking, rock climbing, and traveling. She loves being outside and is currently planning a 5 month backpacking trip of the Pacific Crest Trail.
She is also been an incredibly active student within student clubs and organizations like the Society of Women in Engineering, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ARLISS, AIAA, and the NEVADA Climbing Club.
Dillon Smith is a senior mechanical engineering student at the University of Nevada. He interned for LSP for a summer and currently works on university campus in the media and printing departments of the @One.
In his spare time, he likes to do anything and everything outdoors. He enjoys camping, backpacking, and hiking. In the summer, he likes to travel to Santa Cruz and surf and camp on the beach. Then in the winter, he can frequently be found skiing. When he's not out and about, he likes to relax and play video games.
OSOCool would like to express their sincerest thanks to the following people and companies:
In addition to being the team's sponsor, Dr. Geiger offered the team valuable advice pertaining to injection molding and possible design directions.
Click Bond, Inc. donated the injection molding machine to the University of Nevada, Reno. They also continued to provided support to OSOCool and the University in the form of their knowledgeable employees, who donated many hours to assist in the successful completion of this project. Those employees include, but are not limited to Dave Dinius, Jimmy Redmond, and Dave Foley.
Dave was an extremely valuable source of knowledge in injection molding and mold design. Without his advice, the team would have struggled to learn standard injection molding design practices. The complexity of the final mold with a two cavity system would not have been possible without his advice and insistence that it would be "easy".
Tony was an important consultant in regards to machining processes and applications. Not only was he willing to help acquire scrap material for proof of concept prototypes, he instructed the team on the use of the CNC mill and various equipment. His experience and input was invaluable for the fabrication of the final mold.
Dave and Jimmy were extremely helpful and knowledgeable in the testing process. They were enthusiastic about the team's project and sacrificed weekends to help the team finish the testing process in time for Innovation Day.
Jeremy is a professional mold maker who owns and operates High Desert Tool and Mold. He took time out of his very busy schedule to help the team make improvements to their final mold.
LSP Products generously donated 25 pounds of resin to OSOCool.
Peacock Colors, Inc. generously donated 6 pounds of blue colorant to OSOCool.
If you are the proud owner of a puzzle and completely stumped (or just interested), solutions to OSOStellar are contained below in the link. OPEN AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Assembly Instructions for OSOStellar


text:
Our favorite irascible media tyrant is in the news once again, and once again it's time for me to bring you a story of doing one thing while wishing for another.
In a November 6th interview, Sky News Australia's David Speers spent about 35 minutes with the CEO of NewsCorp, Rupert Murdoch; the conversation covering topics as diverse as software piracy, world economics, the role of Fox News (and Fox NewsPinion©) in American politics, a strange defense of Glenn Beck, and, not very long afterwards, an even stranger defense of immigration.
We have heard a lot about the...how can I put this politely...challenges Murdoch seems to face associating factual reality with his reality, and we could have lots of fun going through his factual misstatements--but instead, I want to take on one specific issue today:
Rupert Murdoch says he hates it when people steal his content from the Internet to draw readers to their sites...which is funny, if you think about it, because he has no problem at all stealing my content (and lots of yours, as well) for his sites.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Officers with a Western agency were able to recover a stolen Cadillac XTS and arrest the 2 suspects inside the vehicle after tagging it with a StarChase GPS tag. #19-325.
The StarChase system is a proven, less-lethal technology that provides a significant tactical advantage to law enforcement officers in failure-to-yield or high-risk flight situations. Once a vehicle is tagged it enables a dispatcher to track the suspect in real time using a web-based mapping program. The officer remains on the street, a potentially dangerous pursuit is avoided, and the offender can then be safely apprehended.
Sign up for newsletter and communications
Verizon Enterprise Partner
© Copyright 2017 StarChase.com | All Rights Reserved


text:
Irrfan, SRK, Imtiaz voice concern over film piracy
Mumbai, Jul 21 (PTI) Bollywood stars like Shah Rukh Khan, Irrfan Khan, Kangana Ranaut and filmmaker Imtiaz Ali feel piracy is the biggest threat to the film industry and efforts should be made to stop it.
Recently, films like "Udta Punjab" and "Great Grand Masti" were leaked online even before they hit the screens.
When asked about her views, Kangana told reporters here last night, "That's very sad for our industry, we work very hard. I think it is violation and people should stop doing it."
The "Queen" star said one should not encourage the practice of piracy as it is nothing but stealing.
"This sort of stealing is not acceptable in any society.
We have to make sure we don't encourage such behaviour, it is bad behaviour," she said.
Imtiaz, who is gearing up for his next film with Shah Rukh, said it is a grave crime and people who indulge in it should understand that.
"It's a very sad thing. People do not understand what kind of a serious crime it is. The audience who indulge in piracy also does not realise how it is hurting the actors, directors, movie-makers…they should really think about it.
It is very harmful for the film industry," the "Tamasha" helmer said.
Superstar Shah Rukh was also of the view that piracy should be stopped.
"Piracy should not happen. Don't ask me such deep questions at night. Ask me some simple questions," the 50-year-old "Dilwale" actor said.
The actors were speaking at a special screening of Irrfan Khan's film "Madaari", which releases tomorrow.
Irrfan, who was also present at the screening, said piracy has become a bigger threat to films than Hollywood.
"That's a huge threat, biggest threat. Piracy is a bigger threat than Hollywood, the way it is leaking online. I wish all the film industries of different regions can come together and ask the government that we need to stop it," Irrfan said.


text:
Annies Place
Annie's Place, a beautiful canal front home with private boat dock located just 1/2 block from the beach in the Perdido Key State Preserve. Enjoy colorful sunsets or spectacular views of the beach from your large balcony. You also have a private canal boat dock. Bring your water noodle and float mindlessly in the canal--who knows, one of our resident dolphins may pay you a visit. The property is perfect for fishermen, boaters, and beachcombers.


text:
Smartphones are fast becoming the norm in today's mobile world and these have an immense impact on how we live and work. A smartphone has advanced capabilities which allow us to manage almost every aspect of our lives whilst on the move. We are always available and always connected to the people around us.
I think a lot of people will relate to this one – The Always-on Culture: smartphone, stress and suicide http://t.co/rM4IBG2XFG
— Mic Wright (@brokenbottleboy) July 24, 2013
Smartphones mean that businesses are never closed. They mean that our working and personal lives constantly overlap – something that was unheard of in previous times. Our personal lives are accessible during working hours and we are able to work whilst on the couch at home in the evening. The smartphone penetration in South Africa is growing rapidly, with Vodacom recently announcing a data revenue increase of 28.2% for the first 3 months of the company's financial year. Vodacom, to date, has 19.4 million data customers.
Afrihost mobile pricing benchmarked: how cheap is R29 per GB? – http://t.co/VK0cWCIANa
— MyBroadband (@mybroadband) August 20, 2013
Afrihost, a Web Hosting and IT services company, recently announced its intention to bring the "best mobile connectivity in South Africa". Afrihost's CEO, Gian Visser, says that the demand for mobile broadband in the last 5 years has far surpassed the demand for ADSL.
Smartphones and their technologies are becoming faster, easily accessible and more advanced. There are definite advantages for organisations to have employees that are always 'on-line', but the social implications are yet to be determined. Smartphones definitely require stricter and more focused attention on us achieving an effective and sustainable work-life balance


text:
Public Sees Wealthy People, Corporations Gaining Influence in Trump Era
As President-elect Donald Trump prepares to take office, the public has starkly different expectations about which groups in society will gain influence – and those that will lose influence – under his administration.
Negative Views of Trump's Transition, Amid Concerns About Conflicts, Tax Returns
The public continues to give the president-elect low marks for how he is handling the transition process.
Low Approval of Trump's Transition but Outlook for His Presidency Improves
Nearly a month after Donald Trump's election as president, the public views his transition to the White House less positively than those of past presidents-elect.
A Divided and Pessimistic Electorate
Survey report Beyond their disagreements over specific policy issues, voters who supported President-elect Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton also differed over the seriousness of a wide array of problems facing the nation, from immigration and crime to inequality and racism. And while voters generally said little progress has been made over the last eight years […]
In Their Own Words: Why Voters Support – and Have Concerns About – Clinton and Trump
Voters who support Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump offer a variety of reasons why they do so, ranging from the candidates' issue positions to their personal backgrounds.
Clinton, Trump Supporters Have Starkly Different Views of a Changing Nation
Supporters of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump disagree on a range of policy issues, from terrorism to free trade. Yet they also have more fundamental differences over long-term changes in the country and the next generation's future prospects.
Few Clinton or Trump Supporters Have Close Friends in the Other Camp
In an increasingly contentious presidential campaign, just a quarter of voters who support Donald Trump in the general election say they have a lot or some close friends who are supporters of Hillary Clinton. Even fewer Clinton backers (18%) say they have at least some friends who support Trump.
Republican voters' path to backing Donald Trump
Donald Trump's rise to become the Republican Party's presidential nominee followed a lengthy primary campaign. Over the course of 2015 and early 2016, most GOP voters switched their preferences for the nomination at least once – and many switched several times. Below you can explore how candidates gained (and lost) supporters among the same nationally […]
For GOP Voters, a Winding Path to a Trump Nomination
Survey report When Pew Research Center first asked Republican voters their preferences for the GOP presidential nomination in March 2015, just 1% volunteered Donald Trump as their first choice. Thirteen months later, Trump was the first choice of 44% of Republican and Republican-leaning registered voters, more than any of his rivals. Today, 88% of these […]
Trump 'Thermometer' Topline and Methodology
American Trends Panel Survey (ATP) Methodology The American Trends Panel (ATP), created by the Pew Research Center, is a nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults living in households. Respondents who self-identify as internet users and who provided an email address participate in the panel via monthly self-administered Web surveys, and those who do […]


text:
Endrendrum Punnagai – Vaan Engum Official Full Video
Watch Vaan Engum Nee Minna Official Full Song Video from the Movie Endrendrum Punnagai Song Name – Vaan Engum Nee Minna Singer – Aalap Raju, Harini, Addition…
Its great copy of mudhal nal indru from unnale unnale
nice song… Cute actors.. beautiful locations.. :-* Juz Love it…
Deepak Michael .I agree with you
love it
trisha looking pretty nd cute…
jiiva nd trisha looking so cute together
awesome song…… being a maharashtrian i love to listen to tamil songs…
they are simply awesome…
My darlng my angel my dreamgirl trisha welcome back d chellam 333:-$:-$:-$
back to stone age!! 480p with black bars!! good work sony
next ennamo aetho of jeeva . super combo harris – jeeva
exclusive song of Endrendrum Punnagai
We expect HD song!
In HD plz
good nice song i like itttttt
my fav song in the movie
really feeling gud by this song too good
Trisha is back <3 🙂
Upload Endrendrum Punnagai – Vaan Engum Official Full Video 1080p HD. Sun
direct 1080p HD video is out in net, Upload soon
awesome song
I jus lov it
Any one who calls this song a June ponaal song xerox is a DICK HEAD without
nyc song.!!
@SonyMusic: HD please! :-/
Nice song btw. :-)
One of the lovely duets in tamil i immensely liked recently!..
Jeeva's transformation in terms of looks from the first film to the recent
most movie has been amazing..he's growing into being more 'eye candy' day
by day..
nice song…


text:
We Know Email Certification
Return Path Certification is the industry's most unique and powerful whitelist, helping you reach more subscribers and increase revenue.
Download our fact sheet to learn how Return Path's Certification Program helps you:
- Increase subscriber reach and ROI from the email channel by receiving inbox placement benefits at major mailbox providers and filtering companies.
- Understand email performance and impact through insightful, actionable data from mailbox providers.
- Maximize email program performance with monitoring and support from Return Path.


text:
Pamela Post Agent in Cypress, TX
TX License #
Languages Spoken
Professional Designations
ABR, CNE, e-Pro, GREEN, GRI, REALTOR
Expertise Types
Condominiums, Foreclosure, Land, New Homes, Relocation, REO, Residential, Residential Investment, Short Sale, Single Family Homes, Townhomes
You have many choices for a realtor when selling or buying a home, but let me tell you why working with me will be the best experience for you…
- Sellers: Your property will be distributed to hundreds of national real estate websites. My company provides innovative products and world-class marketing to advertise your home. I will negotiate firmly on your behalf. I specialize in developing long term relationships by providing unique solutions.
- Buyers: My resources are unmatched by my competition. My role is to help you achieve your dream of owning your NextHome. I will dedicate my time, energy, and resources toward a stress free purchase. I'm focused on working with you step by step to ensure a smooth and successful purchase.
I believe communication is an important part of any real estate transaction. I work hard to make sure my clients are informed about what to expect during the process, in order to ensure a smooth and successful transaction. My goal is to provide value in excess of my clients' expectations and I dedicate my time & efforts to ensure that your home purchase or sale receives the attention that it needs. Whether you're buying or selling, I'd love the opportunity to help you with your real estate needs.
Whether you're buying or selling, I guarantee you will see the difference quality service makes. I look forward to building a relationship with you and becoming your trusted advisor!
I am committed to being the only solution for your current and future real estate needs.


text:
If you're reading this then you are probably already considering our holiday cottages for your summer break on the East Yorkshire coast. After all, being based near Bridlington our accommodation can provide you and your family with some of the best entertainment anywhere in the East Yorkshire area.
Even if your mind is not yet made up, perhaps you might want to consider booking a summer holiday of another sort, namely the Starstruck Theatre Company's production of the classic musical Summer Holiday, performing at the famous Bridlington Spa theatre complex.
Running from Friday 27 April, Summer Holiday follows the exploits of a group of friends as they race across Europe to Athens, where the biggest gig of their lives awaits. Tickets are available now. For more information please visit the site here.


text:
Our Life from the eyes of an Army Chaplain's Wife, mostly from the view of the kitchen. -Ponderings from the heart, Christ Centerd and Cross focused. -
Sunday, January 14, 2007
Freezer-Kit Cooking and Travel
A lot of people are asking for recipes, I just want to let everyone know that I am working on the recipes, freezer cards, and will post a receipt as soon as I can to show how we manage to feed our family SPLENDIDLY within our budget. Blessings, Shawn <><
(PICS: Plated Citrus Maple Ham with Smashed Potatoes, frozen bagged ham, potatoes and bottled home-made chocolate syrup, with ice cream.)
4 comments:
Shawn, I have enjoyed looking at your blog and will be back to visit! Thanks for all the wonderful ideas! Love, Candace (from the FIAR board)
- January 14, 2007 at 4:29 PM
I can only imagine this is a lot of work, the blog, but I am totally enjoying it and look forward to the recipes. I love cooking and love to cook ahead so this would be so much fun for me:) Thanks for all your hard work
- January 15, 2007 at 11:08 PM
Shawn, I "found" you via FIAR board. I LOVE your blog so far! I cannot wait for your kit plan! I am committed to doing what I can to cut our costs. We are a homeschooling family with four young children and another on the way. Thank you so much for this. I plan to check in regularly!
- January 16, 2007 at 7:52 AM
I love this blog! I can't wait for the recipes and kit plans! I just spent half of what you spend in a month for 1 week of groceries, so I am looking forward to seeing how to save money at the grocery store!!!
- January 16, 2007 at 9:08 AM


text:
This is a guest post from my friend Erin at Eat Real, Stay Sane. If you love this recipe (and I know you will) head over and download her FREE ebook, 17 Guilty Pleasure Recipes Without the Guilt.
The absolute best chocolate chip cookies in the world are from Subway! No joke! They are perfectly gooey and taste amazing.
When I worked at JC Penney in the mall, I would get cookies with my meal once or twice a week. I remember saving one in my purse and finding it the next day during church! That's almost better than finding money in your back pocket instead of a chunk of lint.
But let's state the obvious when it comes to cookies – they're terrible for you! Yes, the sugar and flour make you fat, but what about all the preservatives and chemicals found in Subway cookies? Those don't just pack on the pounds, but cause things like diabetes, cancer, ADD, asthma, and much, much more.
Take a look at the Subway chocolate chip cookie ingredient list:
Enriched bleached flour (wheat flour, malted barley flour, niacin, reduced iron, thiamin mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid), sugar, semi-sweet chocolate chips (sugar, unsweetened chocolate, cocoa butter, soy lecithin, vanilla), margarine (palm oil, butter, water, salt, mono- and diglycerides, natural flavor, vitamin A palmitate, beta carotene), eggs, water, molasses, baking soda, salt, natural and artificial flavor.
Definitely not as bad as some ingredient lists that I've seen. But the flour, margarine, soy, sugar (probably from GMO sugar beets), and "flavors" definitely aren't things that you want to be eating.
For us, the hardest part about cleaning up our diet has being actually finding stuff to eat. No seriously, we felt like we couldn't eat anything from the grocery store (which is mostly true). The American food supply has been tainted with loads of chemicals, hormones, and antibiotics. The worst part of it all is that junk food is addicting!
Tara has a great article on overcoming junk food addictions.
The secret for us has been to cook homemade substitutes of foods we like – but with healthy ingredients.We do this even with guilty pleasure foods like cookies, brownies, onion rings, and cake.
Now, if we've got a hankering for a Pizookie (ice cream on top of a warm cookie, AKA the best thing ever), we've got the tools in our arsenal to make it – but without the guilt or the extra pounds. Or cancer.
To make your grains easier to digest and to get the most nutrients out of them, you can soak, ferment, or sprout your grains. Doing this breaks down anti-nutrients like phytic acid, increases available nutrients, and starts breaking down the gluten and starches in the grain.
The bad thing about sprouted flour is that it tends to make your baked goods really dense, and the different taste can screw up recipes. Which is one reason why it took at least 5 variations of this recipe to get it right!
Okay I'm done chatting, let's get on to the reason why you guys are here! Enjoy this sprouted flour chocolate chip recipe!
- ½ Cup raw honey
- ½ Cup Sucanat
- 1 ¼ Cup room temperature pastured butter
- 1 Teaspoon real vanilla
- 1 pastured egg
- 2 ¼ Cup sprouted wheat flour
- ½ Teaspoon unrefined sea salt
- ¼ Teaspoon aluminum-free baking powder
- ¼ Teaspoon baking soda
- 1 C chocolate chips (Enjoy Life is a good brand!)
- Preheat oven to 350°.
- Mix together honey, Sucanat, butter, vanilla, and egg in stand mixer until well combined.
- In separate bowl, sift together flour, salt, baking powder, and baking soda.
- Add in dry ingredients and mix together. Stir in chocolate chips by hand.
- Spoon small chunks of dough onto cookie sheet and bake for about 8-10 minutes. I like my cookies gooey so I take them out as soon as the edges start to turn golden brown and let the cookie sheet bake the rest.
- After a couple of minutes, transfer to cooling rack.
- Eat half of them and tell everyone the recipe only made a dozen ;)
- Store in air tight container.
Erin and Cameron Smith, owners of Eat Real Stay Sane, teach people how to adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes eating real food, eliminating toxins, and overcoming chronic illness. The secret for them has been to cook homemade substitutes of foods they like – but with healthy ingredients. Get their free ebook, "17 Guilty Pleasure Recipes Without the Guilt." You can follow them on Facebook and Pinterest.


text:
While studying for the google maps certification exam I made this list of tips about the 3rd version of the API. Useful as a recap of the most important features of the API.
Tips and Tricks:
- This version of the API was designed to work well on mobile devices. To check the device type and make the appropriate settings, use the navigator.userAgent property.
- You can set a default language for the map and how it behaves based on a given country or territory. For this, the language and region parameters must be set when loading the API.
- It's best to load the script asynchronously, to make sure the rest of your pages content renders properly.
- The basic objects you should know are: map, latlng, marker.
- There are two types of events: users events and MVC state changed events. User events are triggered when the user clicks on the map, goes with the mouse pointer over the marker, etc. MVC state changed events are triggered when the map's properties are changed. You can also handle DOM events.
- User events can pass arguments, MVC state changed events do not.
- There are 3 types of controls: navigation, scale and maptype.
- The default controls can be disabled by setting the Map's disableDefaultUI property (within the Map options object) to true. The map options object is also used to add or remove controls, by setting the appropriate property value to false.
- The are some options you can choose for controls, by modifying the navigationControlOptions, scaleControlOptions or mapTypeControlOptions objects. The style and position of the controls can be set this way.
- You can also create custom controls. Steps to create one: drawing the control, positioning, handling events.
- Most custom overlays you can use are: markers, polylines, polygons, info windows and custom overlays.
- If you wish to manage a set of overlays, you should create an array to hold the overlays and amnage each of the overlays in it one by one.
- Ground Overlays can be used for rendering images on the map.
- Geocoding means turning addresses into coordinates (longitude and latitude). Using one of the provided services, you can use geocoding and also reverse geocoding.
- The calls to the geocoding service are asynchronous, a callback method must be specified to be executed when the result is received.
- You can also use the google maps API to find directions between two places and properly show them on the map.
- The directions service is used for finding the directions. The call to this service is also asynchronous.
- To view the directions you need to use the DirectionsRenderer object.
- To make the directions draggable you only need to set the draggable option for the renderer to true.
- You can set waypoints for routes.
- The routes are formed of legs (between waypoints, or one leg if there are no waypoints set) and steps (more steps form a leg). You can view all of these using the DirectionsLeg and DirectionsStep objects.
- There's also the elevations service that helps you find the elevation of your locations. This too is asynchronous.
- The last service provided is the street view service. To add this one you just need to add the Street View control in the map options.
- The basic map types are: ROADMAP, SATELLITE, HYBRID (roadmap + satellite) and TERRAIN.
- You can add new types and also change the properties of the existing ones.
For more info on Google Maps V3 read Developer's guide.


text:
Click image to enlargeLeatherback sea turtle entangled. Photo credit: Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies (PCCS)
Reel In and Recycle program established a network of fishing line recycling bins across the country. Photo credit: BoatU.S. Foundation. See program details
Leatherback turtle about to eat a lion's mane jellyfish. Photo credit: NOAA Fisheries/Jennifer Gatzke
Related Links:
June 16, 2017
Contact: Heather Soulen
Four Things You Can Do to Help Sea Turtles Every Day of the Year
Marine megafauna like sea turtles can influence the health and function of marine ecosystems around the world. Some sea turtles are capable of migrating thousands of kilometers, transporting energy, nutrients, and other materials through several marine ecosystems along the way. As water temperature rises in the western Atlantic each spring, adult and juvenile loggerheads (Caretta caretta), leatherbacks (Dermochelys coriacea), greens (Chelonia mydas), Kemp's ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii), and even hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata) migrate northward towards important foraging and developmental areas. Because of migration, sea turtles encounter all kinds of environmental conditions and human impacts that can threaten their survival. Fortunately, we can help lessen our impact. By altering some of our behavior just a little, we can help protect and conserve our threatened and endangered sea turtles.
Reduce the amount of garbage in coastal and marine waters
Sea turtles can become tangled in plastic and trash in coastal and marine environments. Fishing line, balloons, and plastic bags not only entangle sea turtles, but can also be confused with food and eaten, potentially resulting in injury or death. One way to reduce the amount of fishing line that enters coastal and marine waters is to recycle it in recycling receptacles placed around marinas, fishing piers, and beaches. Also, use barbless circle hooks when fishing. Not only do you reduce the injury and mortality of fish you release back into the water, but it also reduces the risk of injury and mortality among protected marine species that could accidentally ingest a fishing hook. When celebrating a special occasion like a birthday or graduation, maybe forego the balloons. Ask for paper bags at grocery stores or bring your own reusable bag instead of using plastic grocery bags. Use refillable water bottles and do without single-use plastics like straws and utensils to help reduce the amount of plastic that enters coastal and marine waters. Another great way to reduce the amount of garbage in our waterways is to participate in coastal and beach clean-ups.
Keep a sharp eye while boating
Because sea turtles breathe air, they have to come to the surface of the water which makes them vulnerable to boat strikes. Fortunately, boat strikes can be prevented by steering around the sea turtles and slowing down in areas where they're likely to be. Try to leave at least 50 yards between your boat and sea turtles, and if you find them closer simply put the engine in neutral to avoid injuring them. Try to avoid schools of small fish or jellyfish, as sea turtles may be lurking about looking for a meal. Also, wear polarized glasses to help spot and avoid striking sea turtles and other wildlife while boating.
Don't feed the wildlife
Feeding any wildlife, including turtles, can cause direct and indirect harm to animals. Feeding wild animals often interferes with their nutrition, metabolism, and system function. It can also habituate them to humans and can encourage them to seek out humans, putting them at further risk for entanglement and strikes. Feeding can also set the stage for encounters with wildlife tha are dangerous to humans. Feeding wildlife is harmful and illegal. Remember, all sea turtle species in U.S. waters are protected under the Endangered Species Act.
See something, say something
If you see an injured, entangled, or stranded sea turtle, please call the appropriate authorities in your area. You can find a comprehensive list of members of the sea turtle stranding and disentanglement network throughout the mid-Atlantic and Northwest Atlantic region by visiting NOAA's Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network's website or calling the NOAA Fisheries Service Northeast Region stranding hotline: 866-755-NOAA (6622). While entangled turtles need immediate assistance, it's important that trained responders of the Sea Turtle Disentanglement Network handle sea turtle entanglements. Disentangling a turtle can not only harm untrained persons, but it could even make the entanglement worse. The best course of action is to call the hotline, stand by at a safe distance until responders arrive, and direct responders to where the sea turtle is.
# # #
The Northeast Fisheries Science Center conducts ecosystem-based science supporting stewardship of living marine resources under changing climatic conditions. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
NOAA Fisheries Service is dedicated to protecting and preserving our nation's living marine resources and their habitat through scientific research, management and enforcement. NOAA Fisheries Service provides effective stewardship of these resources for the benefit of the nation, supporting coastal communities that depend upon them, and helping to provide safe and healthy seafood to consumers and recreational opportunities for the American public. Join NOAA Fisheries on Facebook, Twitter and our other social media channels.
NOAA's mission is to understand and predict changes in the Earth's environment, from the depths of the ocean to the surface of the sun, and to conserve and manage our coastal and marine resources. Join us on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and our other social media channels.


text:
$ 149.00 $ 299.00
This modern midlayer jacket comes with 3D quilting along the shoulders, chest and back for extra warmth and a great look.
As warm as can be: on-piste or off-piste, this stylish midlayer is certain to keep you toasty thanks to its elaborate 3D quilting, designed for uncompromising insulation.
The front placket is fully quilted and the thermal collar is also designed specifically to ward off the cold. Even the pockets have been engineered to keep your hands snug and warm.
With no concern about the cold, there'll be nothing holding you back in your pursuit of performance this season. In this jacket, you can't fail to impress on the slopes.
Product Features:


text:
Globetrotting around Disney
Fun weekend visit with Dad and Daria. Check out the video below!
Raptor + Unicorn = Raptorcorn (the two coolest creates to ever roam the earth!) While Raptors are vicious, masculine, badass and kinda cute, Unicorns are quite the opposite, being graceful, feminine, magical creatures. This is me...the best of both worlds all wrapped up in one! What once started as a personal journal is now a log of all life's adventures. Take a look back to see what once was and look below to see what is now. Sit back, crack a beer and enjoy the journey...


text:
Sub-Ohm Mods
Showing all 17 results
Artery Nugget Gold Rush Kit$49.99
Product Info
The Artery Nugget Gold Rush Kit is the smallest 50W box mod on the market! It fits easily in the palm of your hand, but provides more than enough power for any atomizer.
Fuchai 213 Plus TC Starter Kit$75.99
Product InfoThe Sigelei Fuchai 213 Plus Starter Kit is the culmination of Sigelei's manufacturing prowess, integrating a well-balanced output device with 213W of firing power and full temperature control suite alongside the new TPD-design Sigelei S-31 Sub-Ohm Tank for a stunning set.
Innokin Cool Fire IV TC 100 – Express Mod
Innokin Cool Fire IV TC 100 Aethon Chipset Mod
Compact, powerful, durable, beautiful and much more, the Cool Fire IV TC 100 sets the new standard in vaping excellence.
Innokin Cool Fire IV TC 100 – Starter Kit
Innokin Cool Fire 4 TC100W Aethon Chip Starter Kit-
Compact, powerful, durable, beautiful and much more, the Cool Fire IV TC100 sets the new standard in vaping excellence.
Innokin Cool Fire Pebble 50W Mod$32.99 – $48.99
The Innokin Coolfire Pebble is an ultra compact device that is even smaller than some tanks. Don't let the size fool you, the Innokin Coolfire Pebble can fire up to 50 watts which may be adjusted to your personal preferences. The Coolfire Pebble features a built-in 1300mAh capacity battery which may be charged via the micro USB port. The Coolfire Pebble features 'Vape while Charging' technology which allows you to vape as you charge your device. The Coolfire Pebble features a spring loaded gold plated 510 contact pin with durable stainless steel threads. The Innokin Coolfire Pebble is a great device for anyone on the go and also features enough power to satisfy most users.
Innokin CoolFire Ace Mini Starter Kit$44.99 – $58.99
Together, the Innokin Coolfire Ace and Slipstream Tank are an excellent pair as they extremely convenient and portable!
Innokin CoolFire Ultra TC 150W Kit w/ Scion Tank$75.99
Product Info
Innokin CoolFire Ultra TC 150W Kit, includes CoolFire Ultra TC 150W Box Mod and Scion sub ohm tank in four fashionable colors available. The CoolFire Ultra TC 150W Mod's built-in ultra-fast aethon chipset has a smooth curved design and high quality ergonomic button click which fits perfectly into your hand. The new Innokin TC Mod is extremely precise and packs 150watts of real output and advanced temperature control.
Innokin iTaste EZ TC Starter Kit$33.99 – $45.99
Innokin's EZ TC Starter Kit brings temperature control with ease to beginners and new vapers. Never worry about getting a dry hit because as your coil goes dry the device will decrease power to prevent any burning!
Innokin iTaste Hunter Starter Kit w/ LG HG2 18650 Battery$54.99 – $72.99
Tapping into the vein of outdoor loving vapers, the Innokin iTaste Hunter boasts a design tailored for the bold vapers among us. Powered by a single 18650 battery, this device contains the powerful and dynamic AETHON chipset built for sub-ohm vapers looking for a precision vaping experience. This MOD boasts variable wattage and temperature control capabilities allowing for diverse coil options. The iTaste Hunter supports Ni200, stainless steel and titanium temperature coils which allow for preserved battery life as well as greater control over your cloud production.
Innokin Kroma A Starter Kit w/ Crios Tank$49.99 – $64.99
Product Info
The Innokin Kroma-A Starter Kit is the next generation upgrade of the popular Kroma Starter Kit. This starter kit features the sleek and compact Innokin Kroma-A Mod paired up with the triple airflow Innokin Crios Sub-Ohm Tank. The Innokin Kroma-A has been redesigned and removes the recessed design of the original and replaces it with the more traditional 510 connector. The Kroma-A features a upgraded flush 510 connector that comfortably fits 24mm and smaller diameter tanks.
Innokin MVP4 100W TC Mod$59.99 – $82.99
The Innokin MVP4 100W TC Box Mod carries on the heritage of the benchmark MVP platform, one of the originators of the now standard Box Mod form factor, packing in the highly capable AETHON chip with a wattage range of 6 to 100w alongside a high capacity quick charged 4500 mAh integrated battery. The MVP4 retains the classic form factor of the MVP series, with a rectangular chassis with clean and minimal accenting. Inside, Innokin has integrated a high quality 4500 mAh rechargeable battery, with a maximum charge rate of 2A, allowing for rapid charging and minimal downtime.
Innokin Oceanus Scion Starter Kit$69.99 – $79.99
Product Info
The Innokin Oceanus Starter Kit features the slim and sleek Oceanus Mod and the Scion Sub-Ohm Tank. The Oceanus is designed to be a simple yet powerful device capable of firing up to 110 watts.
Innokin SmartBox Starter Kit w/ 18650 Battery$34.99 – $52.99
Innokin SmartBox profile
The SmartBox is an ultra-compact vaporizer with automatic intelligent wattage control for a great vape, every time! It's Perfect & Easy!
Attach your favorite DTL or MTL coil and the SmartBox will AUTOMATICALLY detect the resistance and set the perfect wattage to deliver an amazing vaping experience. One button, perfect vape! Made with top quality, long lasting components, the Innokin SmartBox is powered by a single 18650 battery (not included) charged by a separate battery charger. The green/white LED on the base easily identifies the current wattage mode and the power button LED clearly displays remaining power.
* LG HG2 18650 3000mah 30A Battery Included*
Kanger SUBOX Mini-C Starter Kit w/ 18650 LG HG2 Battery$34.99
Product Info
The SUBOX Mini-C Starter Kit includes the KBOX Mini-C 50W battery mod and the Subtank Mini-C tank. The simple setup makes this an ideal vape for beginners or those looking for an economical sub-ohm and cloud producing experience. The battery can fire up to 50 watts and has a minimum resistance of 0.3ohm. The KBOX Mini-C 50W Mod requires (1) high amp 18650 battery (included) and has a magnetized battery cover for easy access. The device is charged via USB.
SMOK AL85 Starter Kit$54.99 – $68.99
The Smok AL85 Starter Kit includes an AL85 Mod and a TFV8 Baby Beast Tank. The AL85 Mod has an 85W power maximum, a 600F temperature maximum, and a 0.06 Ohm resistance compatibility. This Alien Mini mod is compact and comfortable, featuring an 18650 top battery slot and Hard, Norm, and Soft drawing effects. The AL85 Mod pairs perfectly with the TFV8 Baby Beast tank, creating an ideal setup for vaping on-the-go
SMOK GX350 TC Starter Kit + 4 LG HG2 Batteries$99.99
Product InfoThe SMOK GX350 TC Starter Kit enters the market in spectacular fashion with one of the most advanced output device featuring a maximum output of 350W powered by four 18650 platform alongside the SMOK TFV8 Cloud Beast Tank for the ultimate workhorse duo.
Wismic Predator 228W Elabo TC Kit with 2 Battteries Included$74.99
Product InfoThe Wismec Predator 228W Elabo TC Kit is the next generation of fully-featured starter kit, integrating a robust and comprehensive chipset with top-echelon power and precisely crafted chassis paired with the dependable Elabo Sub-Ohm Tank.


text:
Ring the alarm: Beyoncé is pregnant once more.
On Wednesday afternoon, Beyoncé provided the world a much-needed dose of good news by sharing a pregnancy announcement on Instagram. The singer also revealed that she is not just pregnant with one child, but rather twins.
In the Instagram, Beyoncé is posed as an angelic, glamorous Madonna, posed in a bra and underwear, holding her growing belly in front of a wreath of flowers with a veil over her eyes. The surprise had even more of an impact considering no one in the buzzing gossip press even hinted that Beyoncé and Jay-Z were even trying to expand their family.
"We would like to share our love and happiness," Beyoncé wrote in the Instagram's caption. "We have been blessed two times over. We are incredibly grateful that our family will be growing by two, and we thank you for your well wishes. - The Carters"
Beyoncé and husband, Jay-Z, share one child together, five-year-old Blue Ivy. The family has previously been very candid about their relationship and pregnancy—revealing that Beyoncé had a miscarriage before giving birth to Blue. She also detailed their martial issues in the explosive Lemonade album.
Watch outtakes from Beyoncé's W shoot:


text:
8th Street Neighborhood
|Building Location
N 8th St
Boise, Idaho 83702
North End Neighborhood
Ada County
|Building Status
|Year Built
|Architectural Style
Have updates for this building? Contact Us!
The North End of 8th Street in Downtown Boise, is one of the oldest, and most unique neighborhoods of Idaho. 8th Street's location is very convenient and beautiful to tourists and its local residents. Being close to central Downtown, where many people work, makes living quite convenient. They are also close to many market places located on State St. only minutes away. Gorgeous viewpoints are located everywhere on the North side of 8th Street, with many paths to walk pets, exercise, and to enjoy the scenery. The 8th Street is an extremely peaceful place to live. The construction of 8th Street hasn't changed much in the last few years, excluding the remodeling of older houses. Residents of the North End support keeping 8th Street in its original form, admiring its beauty that is quite different than Boise's newest neighborhoods. Some of 8th Street's most historical houses range in price from half a million to over a million dollars. A lot of 8th Street is also quite affordable to live on. Listening to the residents of the North End, I have learned that this area is a very artistic area. Many other Boise residents classify 8th street residents as "alternative people." Many artists and successful people populate the houses on this wonderful street. "Living on 8th Street has made a big impact on my life. Living here is like living in a dream, the people are great, the houses are beautiful, and the views are one of a kind," said Vicky Champs, a current resident of 8th Street. From the 1890s to the 1950s Boise's North End was remotely the first inhabited part of town. Today, 8th Street and the North End is known as one of Boise's favorite places to go sight seeing. This neighborhood is known as "The Heart of Boise," drawing many tourists to admire its beauty. 8th Street is one of the most historical streets, of which we must preserve to keep Boise's beauty. (photos by Paige Anderson of Focus 208)
Building submitted by
Update Building Info | View More North End Buildings


text:
A couple of researchers at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy have released a study that gets close to proving that speculators caused oil prices to shoot up in 2008.
This theory is nothing new, but the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the agency that regulates U.S. futures markets, is expected to release a report that details how speculators played a part in the price spike, the first time that the agency has admitted as much. According to the Baker Institute's Kenneth Medlock, who has researched this issue for years, the Baker study was released to coincide with the trading commission's report.
"The reasons for high oil prices last year is a difficult issue to digest, but these are inescapable facts that need to be part of the discussion," Medlock tells Hair Balls.
Medlock adds that it's impossible to definitely prove that speculators drove up the price, because "the data is not transparent enough." Electronic and noncommercial exchanges aren't tracked, Medlock says, so the data available doesn't represent a complete picture of the market.
The most shocking finding was the strong relationship between the price of oil and the value of the dollar. In fact, the Baker Institute has hosted speakers who said there is no such correlation between oil and the dollar, but those researchers, Medlock says, were analyzing data over several decades. But since the Commodities Futures Modernization Act was passed in 2000, allowing a huge influx of noncommercial traders to get involved in oil futures, the correlation is strong.
If you like this story, consider signing up for our email newsletters.
You have successfully signed up for your selected newsletter(s) - please keep an eye on your mailbox, we're movin' in!
"Rising oil prices definitely have a negative impact," Medlock says. For example, oil imports account for a large percentage of U.S. trade deficit, so high oil prices can decrease the value of the dollar. Traders will often hedge these changes with commodities, further increasing commodity prices like oil, creating a vicious cycle.
The commodities modernization act needs "to seriously be reviewed," Medlock says, because while it probably wasn't intended, it has created negative consequences. He doesn't believe competent change is coming, though, but instead believes there will be a new wave of regulations placed on top of existing regulations that will no doubt result in more adverse consequences.
But Medlock doesn't think oil prices will skyrocket anytime soon. Many paper traders, he says, think that today's price -- about $70 a barrel -- is the right price, and people who trade oil physically think the price should be lower. Medlock thinks $50 a barrel is the right price, and if new regulations are added to the commodities modernization act, he says the price should start to drop.
"The last time the market was this loose was in 1998," Medlock says. "I'm not saying we should be back at $10, but it's hard for me to believe that $70 is where we ought to be. You kind of have to run the experiment, and if I'm right, prices will come down."


text:
The supermodel reveals that she underwent surgery on her reproductive system earlier this year
With her glamorous, jet-set lifestyle, Naomi Campbell may seem like a woman who has it all. But the former supermodel says something is missing from her life.
"I do want to have kids," the 38-year-old said during a London Fashion Week fund-raiser for the White Ribbon Alliance (which helps provide healthcare for pregnant women around the world).
In fact, the model revealed that she was previously infertile – until a corrective surgery this March. (Until now, Campbell had maintained that she checked into a hospital in Brazil for the removal of a small cyst.)
"They thought it was a cyst," she explained, according to Britain's Press Association. "When they opened it up they realized it was more."
Thanks to the operation, Campbell said she's now in perfect health.
"I was not able to have children up until March," she said. "Now it's in God's hands. I would love to have a family."
• 1998: Supermodels who are super out of control!
• 2005: Catching up with the world's first supermodels!


text:
Lederman Science Center: Visitor's Handout
Read this to make your visit to the exhibits at the Science Center a success.
The Big Picture
This is the dawn of an exciting age of new discovery in the study of elementary particles and the interactions among them. The theoretical framework of the fundamental nature of matter, the Standard Model, explains much, but much remains unclear. What is dark matter? What happened to antimatter? Are there extra dimensions of spacetime? Are there new symmetries of nature? Are there new, as yet unobserved forces? What is responsible for mass?
The Lederman Science Center exhibits give young people a hands-on experience exploring how Fermilab physicists understand the nature of matter. The exhibits are part of a program that includes a classroom instructional unit culminating in a field trip at Fermilab. Docents lead small groups of students on a tour of Wilson Hall and some of the technical areas. They meet a scientist and spend time at the Center exploring half-a-dozen exhibits. We invite the public to view Fermilab from a kid's point of view. We provide videos in each room to give some of the background that kids on field trips get from docents. Each room has a laminated visitor's guide to connect the exhibits to the exhibit story we tell here. Cartoons provide additional information on how to use the exhibits.
Plan a Visit - Online References- Handout (2) >>


text:
Academic Rigor
Dorm Life
Food and Dining
Bang for the buck
Clubs and Activities
Greek Life
Campus Safety
As with other colleges, freshman year generally means class sizes in the hundreds. However, the professors and teaching assistants do a relatively good job on relaying information to classes of these sizes. Most of my classes used PowerPoint slides which made it easy to follow along while the professor was lecturing.
To find more tips for prospective students, what to do for fun and whether this school is great for a particular type of student read the 230 reviews for University of Kansas
Curious about something that isn't answered here? Feel free to ask University of Kansas a question
KU is my family's top college. I have been seeing some really good things about it online and from people to go there (like my uncle). They have good ratings too.Read More
The University of Kansas is really great. It's rich in culture and trains you to accept the world. However, politics really get in the way of what you learn and everything is biased.Read More
I recommend this school, 10/10. This place feels like such a good environment for me.Read More
Great school, good campus, good night life, good education. Big classes at first, but they slim down as you progress. You will fall in love with this school.Read More
I heard this school has a really good engineering school. Is that true?Read More
i attended girl's state at ku this summer. ku has an absolutely gorgeous campus, a friendly environment, and so many great programs to choose from. i cannot wait to attend ku in the fall of 2017.Read More
Absolutely perfect! I would not want to attend anywhere else. You will love it, I promise.Read More
The University of Kansas has a hometown feel and is located in the comfortable city of Lawrence. When taking breaks from studying, Greek life and parties are well known here. The only downside is the diversity!Read More
The squirrels here are slightly horrifying but always entertaining. If you walk to class, you won't have to worry about the freshman 15 because there are so many hills (but, if you want, there's a great rec center as well)! College is not completely what I expected it to be, but KU makes it great nonetheless!Read More


text:
Chandler Blind Repair, Sales & Installation
Our Mobile Service Brings Products Straight to You!
For blind repairs, installations, and sales in Chandler, turn to Bloomin' Blinds. Our family owned company serves clients throughout the Chandler area. As a mobile service, we come directly to your home or business—making your life just a little bit easier!
All you have to do is give us a call. Our team will provide a free quote for repairs over the phone or a free quote for sales on location. Then, we'll answer your questions and set up an appointment with you. From there, we'll come to your home or business at a time convenient for you.
For quality blind sales, repairs, and installation services in Chandler, call (480) 418-0471! We'll be happy to get you started with a free quote.
Incomparable Services for Affordable Prices
When individuals think about updating their home or business, they too often forget about window-covering. Don't underestimate the power of blinds or shutters. They have the ability to not only protect your interior from sun damage, but can help regulate temperatures and keep the building safe from prying eyes. At Bloomin' Blinds of Phoenix, we provide quality products that are both practical and beautiful.
Other reasons we're the preferred choice:
- Cost-effective repairs
- Skilled and courteous staff
- Wide selection of products
- "Top Rated" by Angie's List
- Limited lifetime warranty on our products
- A mobile-service that comes to you
Do you want to repair your current blinds? Are you looking for new shutters but don't know what's available? Our Chandler blind company has you covered! We understand the last thing you want to do is go through a large warehouse and then stand in a check-out line, which is why we bring all of our products and services straight to your front door. Shop from the comfort of your own home or business! Call (480) 418-0471 to get started today!
Schedule a FREE In-Home Estimate
Schedule a FREE In-Home Estimate
ShopAt Home
We come to you with samples and design options
All-inclusive price estimate.
Our trained installation experts will install your new blinds, shades or shutters


text:
Home |
About Us |
Site Map |
Links |
Contact Us
About Gujarat
Gujarat Festivals
Gujarat Cities
Gujarat Tours
Gujarat Beaches
Gujarat Hotels
Regions of Gujarat
Gujarat and Rajasthan Tour
(20 Days / 19 Nights)
National Park-Bhavnagar-Sasan Gir-Sayla-Dasada-Ahmedabad-Udaipur-Kumbhalgarh-Phalodi-Jaisalmer-Desert National Park-Jaisalmer-Jodhpur-Jaipur-Delhi)
(to view the route of this tour on a Map please click
Day 01: Flight to
India (Mumbai)
Around Midnight arrival in Mumbai. Upon arrival, you will be
met by our representative and transferred to the hotel.
Day 02: Mumbai - Bhavnagar - Velavadar National Park
- Bhavnagar
In the morning transfer to the airport for the flight to
Bhavnagar. Upon arrival you will be transferred to Hotel.
Later drive to Velavadar National Park to see large herds of
blackbuck antelope and one of the world's largest harrier
roosts. After visiting the park drive back to Bhavnagar.
Day 03: Bhavnagar - Velavadar National Park -
Bhavnagar (about 120 km)
In the morning enjoy birding at Victoria Park, Gaurishankar
Lake and the coastal marshes near the port. After lunch,
drive to Velavadar National Park for the bird watching. In
the evening, witness a massive roost of montagu, pallid and
marsh harrier. Later return back to Bhavnagar.
Day 04: Bhavnagar – Sasan Gir (about 229 km)
In the morning drive from Bhavnagar to Sasan Gir or Gir
National Park. Gir is the last abode of the Asiatic lion and
has a thriving population of Leopard, sambar, chital
(spotted deer), nilgai, wild boar, chousingha and chinkara.
In the evening have Jeep Safari in the Sasan Gir National
Park for bird and wildlife watching.
Day 05: Sasan Gir
In the morning and afternoon enjoy the jeep safari in Gir
National Park.
Day 06: Sasan Gir - Sayla (about 240 km)
In the morning drive to the grasslands of Devaliya to see
vultures and other birds. Later drive to Sayla. In the
afternoon visit the village known for its weavers and
beadwork, colorfully-attired Bharwad shepherds, medieval
step wells and numerous monuments or enjoy the bird watching
at the lake and grasslands of Sayla.
Day 07: Sayla - Dasada (about 120 km)
In the morning drive to Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, one of
the largest fresh-water lakes in Gujarat and an outstanding
place for boat-safaris among thousands of birds. After
having breakfast drive to Dasada. In the evening enjoy
birding at Nawa Talao where large flocks of flamingos,
demmossile cranes, pelicans and other birds are seen in
large numbers.
Day 08: Dasada
In the morning and afternoon enjoy the safaris in the Little
Rann of Kutch.
Day 09: Dasada - Ahmedabad (about 90 km) – Udaipur
(by train)
In the morning visit the traditional houses of Rabaris, a
pastoral group known for beautiful embroidery, colourful
Bharwad shepherds, and other pastoral, nomadic and
semi-nomadic communities. After breakfast depart for
Ahmedabad and pass through lakes and other birding places.
In the afternoon visit the 16th century Sarkhej Mausoleum
complex. In the night enjoy the Gujarati Thali dinner at
House of Mangaldas, heritage hotel. In the night transfer to
the railway station to board the train to Udaipur.
Day 10: Udaipur
In the morning arrive at Udaipur railway station. After
having breakfast we visit Udaipur, also known as the city of
sunrise. We start our sightseeing with the visit of
Sahelion-Ki-Bari, Folk art museum, City Palace, Lake Palace,
Bhartiya Lok Kala Museum, Shilpgram, the Lalit kala Akademi
(Academy of Arts). Dinner and overnight at the hotel.
Day 11: Udaipur - Kumbhalgarh (about 85 km)
Today we drive to Kumbhalgarh. Upon arrival, drive to the
Day 12: Kumbhalgarh
Today we drive to the Kumbhalgarh Wild Life Sanctuary.
Return to the hotel for overnight.
Day 13: Kumbhalgarh - Phalodi
In the early morning enjoy bird watching through the
sanctuary. After breakfast drive to Phalodi. On the way
visit Lohawat, a shrine of the Bishnoi community. In the
evening visit the enclosure in Khichan village to see one of
the most unusual avian sights in Asia and feeding station
for Demoiselle Cranes.
Day 14: Phalodi - Jaisalmer (about 165 km)
After breakfast drive to Jaisalmer. Enroute stop for viewing
raptors. In the afternoon arrive at Jaisalmer. In the
evening birding in areas at the outer periphery of Jaisalmer
town - Amar Sagar, Bara Bagh, ridge near royal cenotaphs etc
to try out some desert bird species, as a prelude to our
preoccupation the following day. It can be spectacular to
observe sun set here.
Day 15: Jaisalmer - Desert National Park - Jaisalmer
(about 40 km)
Today we drive through the sandy terrain and grassland to
the Desert National Park to look for the Indian Bustard,
Houbara, Sandgrouse, Coursers, Larks, Pippits, Chats,
raptors among other species. Afterwards return for the
overnight stay at the hotel at Jaisalmer.
Day 16: Jaisalmer - Jodhpur (about 290 km)
Today we have sightseeing of the medieval city of Jaisalmer
and visit the havelies. We have a walk through the old city
and visit the Fort and the Jain temple. Later drive to
Day 17: Jodhpur - Jaipur (by train)
After breakfast we will visit the Mehrangarh Fort (majestic
fort). We also visit the Jaswant Thada, a royal cenotaph
built in white marble. Later visit the Umed Bhawan Palace
museum and bazaar. In the evening board the train to Jaipur.
Day 18: Jaipur
In the morning arrive at Jaipur. Upon arrival, transfer to
the hotel. After breakfast drive to the ancient capital of
Amber, laying 11 km away from Jaipur. Enroute to Amber visit
the Hawa Mahal (Palace of the Winds). In the afternoon visit
the City Palace. In the evening have a walk through the
colourful Bazaar of Jaipur and drive through the new city of
Jaipur and visit "Laxmi Narayan Mandir", a Hindu temple made
out of white marble.
Day 19: Jaipur - Delhi (about 270 km)
After having breakfast drive to Delhi. In Delhi we have rest
of the day at leisure.
Day 20: Delhi (Departure)
Around Midnight flight to home destination.
For more details and cost of the Gujarat and Rajasthan Tour
please send us your
Query !
Gujarat Tours
Home |
About Us |
Site Map |
Links |
Contact Us
©, Indo Vacations™.
All Rights Reserved.


text:
A year ago, the GOP's Georgia senatorial incumbent Saxby Chambliss seemed one of the few safe Republican seats in the chamber. Nor did a lackluster field of Democrats vying to take him on seem to offer any hope of changing that.
But Libertarian Allen Buckley has been running hard, focusing his entire campaign on pulling votes away from Chambliss, whom he considers a big-government, big-spending wastrel.
And it's paying off.
Buckley has been consistently pulling at least 4% in recent polls, and the difference between Chambliss and Martin is down to 2 points. Under Georgia law, the winner has to have a clear majority, not a plurality, so Buckley's effort may result in a December run-off between the two Demopublicans for the seat.
Which may also end up being the seat that determines whether the Democrats end up with a filibuster-proof majority or not.
There is a balance of power, and it may rest more in the hands of third parties around the country than anybody has heretofore believed.


text:
Bent Black Mouthpiece for Arizer Solo/Air$29.95
Bent Black Mouthpiece for Arizer Solo/Air
Regular price $29.95
Why Buy From Us?
Fast Express Shipping Available
Order before 3pm (AEST) and we will send your order out on the same business day. You can be vaping tomorrow if you live in an AusPost express zone.
No Hassle Local Warranty
Simply send us an email, and we'll handle the rest!
We Are Actually in Australia
Don't be fooled by overseas companies who misleading advertise to be located in Australia. If they don't have an ABN number on their website then they probably aren't shipping your order locally. All our orders ship from Brisbane.
Out of Stock
Preorder Available! This product is on the way and will be in stock soon. Pre-ordering will let you receive yours as fast as possible because preorders ship first!
Availability: Out of stock
Regular Price: $29.95
This sleek, black glass stem is a great looking and stealthy addition to your Arizer Solo or Air. The same length and size as a standard Solo bent stem, the long black glass stem looks great with any colour unit. Hand made in Canada, the black glass hides residue and vapour formation, adding an extra element of stealth to your vaping session.
Customers Who Viewed This Also Viewed
Customers Who Bought This Also Bought
Customers Who Viewed This Bought


text:
Asia's Free-RidersIt seems that at a major Washingtong think tank, one does not need a knowledge of a region's history, its component countries's laws, their politics, demographics, economics, the deployment of U.S. forces, U.S. history or anything.
Foreign Policy
Washington policymakers in both parties seem to think that reassuring America's Asian allies is the best way to defend U.S. interests in the Asia-Pacific. But instead of seeking to assuage their partners' anxiety, America ought to sow doubt about its commitment to their security. Only then will they be forced to take up their share of the burden of hedging against Chinese expansionism... (Link)
I so very much want his job.