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do americans use class wealth to punish others?
Health Inequalities and The Glasgow Effect
can the rich and resourceful and intelligent design a system to "destroy those they judge as useless to there money"?
Labeling others is common in our society. In this lesson, we discuss the specifics of labeling theory, including when and why people are labeled. We also distinguish between retroactive and projective labeling and briefly discuss Travis Hirschi's control theory.
Labeling Theory
Watch: Labeling Theory(0:06)
In a previous lesson, we discussed deviance: any action that is perceived as violating a society's or group's cultural norm. Robbing a store and driving faster than the speed limit are examples of deviant behavior. However, labeling theory proposes deviance is socially constructed through reaction instead of action. In other words, according to this theory, no behavior is inherently deviant on its own. Instead, it's the reaction to the behavior that makes it deviant or not.
Labeling theory helps to explain why a behavior is considered negatively deviant to some people, groups, and cultures but positively deviant to others. For example, think about fictional vigilantes, like Robin Hood and Batman. Batman is labeled in different ways depending on the public's reaction to his escapades. Some people have a negative reaction and label him as a criminal. Others have a positive reaction and label him as a hero. Different reactions are typically based on group or cultural norms and values.
Another example is when a person is responsible for the death of another. When are they labeled as a 'murderer' or a 'killer?' The reaction to death sometimes depends on the circumstances. The person responsible will be viewed differently depending on the reason, whether it's murder, war, self-defense, or an accident.
How people react to or label a killing depends on the reason behind it
Labeling Theory Murder Example
Primary vs. Secondary Deviance
Watch: Primary vs. Secondary Deviance(1:39)
Studies related to labeling theory have also explained how being labeled as deviant can have long-term consequences for a person's social identity. Consider primary deviance, which is an initial violation of a social norm – about which no inference is made regarding a person's character. Primary deviance includes minor deviant acts that just about everyone does once or twice, like playing hooky from school or work. These behaviors have little reaction from others and therefore, have little effect on a person's self-concept.
On the other hand, secondary deviance is when a person repeatedly violates a social norm, which leads others to make assumptions about that person and assign a label to him or her. Some examples of labels are 'criminal,' 'psycho,' 'addict,' and 'delinquent.' Secondary deviance gets such a strong reaction from others that the individual is typically shunned and excluded from certain social groups.
For example, the dynamic between nerds and jocks is portrayed in popular culture all the time. Typically, there is someone who is intelligent but socially awkward and becomes labeled as a 'nerd.' Once labeled, that person is considered unpopular and shunned by the popular 'jocks.'
Watch: Stigma(3:02)
Once a person has been labeled by others through secondary deviance, it is common for that person to incorporate that label into his or her own self-concept. They develop a stigma, or a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity.
Someone in high school that has been labeled as a nerd, for example, may begin to think of himself or herself as a loser due to other people's opinions and treatment. Someone who has been stigmatized usually has lower self-esteem and may even behave more deviantly as a result of the negative label. The stigmatized person may find it easier to come to terms with the label rather than fight it.
Playing hooky from work is an example of primary deviance
Primary Deviance Example
Retrospective and Projective Labeling
Watch: Retrospective & Projective Labeling(3:50)
The consequences of being stigmatized can be far-reaching. A stigma operates as a master status, overpowering other aspects of social identity. Unfortunately, once people stigmatize an individual, they have a difficult time changing their opinions of the labeled person, even if the label is proven to be untrue. They may also engage in retrospective labeling, interpreting someone's past in light of some present deviance.
For example, people would likely discuss the past of someone who is labeled a 'murderer.' They might say something like, 'He was always a violent boy.' Even if that person was no more violent than his peers, people would re-label the actions of his youth in light of his current label.
Similarly, people may engage in projective labeling of a stigmatized person. Projective labeling is using a deviant identity to predict future action. For example, imagine that Batman is no longer considered a hero by anyone – instead, everyone thinks he is a dangerous criminal. The people might say something like, 'One of these days he's going to destroy the entire city.' They are projecting by imagining what he might do in the future.
Conflict Theory
Hirschi's Social Control Theory
n this lesson, we discuss the social conflict approach to deviance, including the connection between deviance and power as well as deviance and capitalism. We also discuss the difference between white-collar and blue-collar crime and define corporate crime and organized crime.
Social Conflict Theory
Watch: Social Conflict Theory(0:05)
What social patterns exist between social classes and what problems are caused by the conflict between them? How does social class affect deviance? These are questions asked by sociologists when considering the social conflict theory. Social conflict theory is all about inequality in society. It proposes that laws and norms reflect the interests of powerful members of society. In other words, social order is maintained through competition and conflict, and the 'winners' – those with the most power and the greatest economic and social resources – benefit by taking advantage of the 'losers.' We discuss social conflict theory several times throughout this class, as it is one of the major sociological theories of how society operates as a whole. In this lesson, though, we'll focus on what this theory suggests about deviance.
Deviance and Power
Watch: Deviance and Power(1:07)
First, the theory suggests that who or what is labeled as deviant depends on who has the most power. The relatively small 'power elite' in our society are much less likely to carry the stigma of deviance than anyone else. Even if they are suspected of deviant behavior, the powerful have the resources to resist deviant labels. Consider a scenario where a rich CEO of a company and a struggling factory worker both commit the same crime. We'll say that they were both caught in possession of illegal drugs. Which person do you imagine will be more severely punished? It's likely that the CEO has the resources to get off lightly or at least to keep it quiet. The factory worker, on the other hand, is likely to receive full punishment and have his criminal deviance advertised.
White-Collar vs. Blue-Collar Crime
Watch: White-Collar vs. Blue-Collar Crime(2:06)
The comparison of these two individuals leads us into a discussion about white-collar versus blue-collar crime. These types of criminal deviance get their names from the traditional dress of the person committing that style of crime. White-collar refers to the traditional button-up dress shirts worn by powerful businessmen, usually paired with a tie. Blue-collar refers to the uniforms worn by average workmen in factories and shops.
So, as the name suggests, white-collar crime is committed by people of high social positions, frequently as part of their jobs. White-collar crimes typically don't involve violence; instead, they are generally money-related and include embezzlement, business fraud, bribery, and similar crimes. Many of these crimes go unknown to the public. Blue-collar crime is committed by the average working American. Blue-collar crimes range from violent law-breaking to thievery and are sometimes committed as a way to improve living conditions. They are usually highly visual and are more likely to attract police to the scene.
Again, social conflict theory is all about inequality, so one of the most important differences between these two types of crime is the fact that the punishment for committing them is disproportionate. For example, a more likely criminal scenario involving our factory worker and CEO would involve the factory worker vandalizing a local business and the CEO committing serious fraud to avoid giving up part of his wealth. The factory worker committing vandalism has committed a blue-collar crime. If caught, he would be fined and probably arrested, possibly even spending several months in prison. The CEO committing fraud has committed a white-collar crime. Even if someone calls him into question or he is caught, he would likely only receive a slap on the wrist. A government study found that, as of 2009, those actually convicted of fraud were punished with a fine yet ended up paying less than 10% of what they owed by hiding some of their assets.
Corporate vs. Organized Crime
Watch: Corporate vs. Organized Crime(4:32)
There are two other types of crime that run parallel to white-collar and blue-collar crime but are committed by entire organizations instead of just individuals. Corporate crime refers to illegal action by a company or by someone acting on its behalf. It ranges from knowingly selling faulty or unsafe products to purposely polluting the environment. Parallel to white-collar crime, most cases of corporate crime receive little to no punishment and many are never even known to the public.
There is also organized crime, which refers to illegal goods or services being provided by a business or group of people. It includes selling illegal drugs, fencing stolen items, loan sharking, and more. Most people would probably associate organized crime with the mafia. While the mafia is a good example, they are not the only criminal organizations.
How American Rich Kids Bought Their Way Into the British Elite
The nouveau riche of the Gilded Age had buckets of money but little social standing—until they started marrying their daughters to titled, but cash-strapped, British nobles
By Angela Serratore
Image: http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/files/2013/08/marlborough-vanderbilt-wedding-history-small.jpg
image: http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/files/2013/08/wedding1-500×348.jpg
From "The Marlborough-Vanderbilt Wedding," Chicago Tribune, 1895.
Consuelo Vanderbilt's wedding day had finally arrived, and all of New York (and then some) was aflutter. Crowds lined Fifth Avenue, hoping to catch a glimpse of the bride on her way to St. Thomas Episcopal Church. She was quite possibly the most celebrated of all the young heiresses who captured the attention of Gilded Age Americans, and her wedding was the peak of a trend that had, in recent decades, taken the world by storm: American girls, born to the richest men in the country, marrying British gentlemen with titles and centuries of noble lineage behind them.
Consuelo's catch was considered one of the finest—Charles Spencer-Churchill, the future Ninth Duke of Marlborough, who stood to become lord of Blenheim, an estate second only to Buckingham Palace. The bride, already considered American royalty, would become a duchess, bestowing upon her family the highest social standing (for which her mother, Alva, who was often snubbed by "old New York", and who viewed her husband's money as gauche, was desperate).
And yet on November 6, 1895, the bride was less than thrilled:
I spent the morning of my wedding day in tears and alone; no one came near me. A footman had been posted at the door of my apartment and not even my governess was admitted. Like an automaton I donned the lovely lingerie with its real lace and the white silk stockings and shoes…. I felt cold and numb as I went down to meet my father and the bridesmaids who were waiting for me.
image: http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/files/2013/08/consuelo_vanderbilt98.jpg
Consuelo Vanderbilt. Wikimedia Commons.
Conseulo Vanderbilt loved another—a rich other, but an American without a title or an English country estate. But her marriage to Marlborough was non-negotiable.
Beginning in the 1870s, American girls with money had been flocking to Britain in droves, ready to exchange railroad cash and mining stocks for the right to call themselves "Lady." ("Downton Abbey" fans will surely recognize Cora Crawley as one of their ilk.) The appeal was clear. The heiresses, unlikely to be admitted to the highest ranks of New York society, would gain entry to an elite social world, and who needed Mrs. Astor's drawing room when she could keep company with HRH the Prince of Wales?
And Britain's upper crust would get a much-needed infusion of cash. For a British gentleman to work for money was unthinkable. But by the end of the 19th century it cost more to run a country estate than the estate could make for itself, and the great houses slid dangerously close to disrepair. By marrying a Vanderbilt or a Whitney, a future duke could ensure not just the survival of his family's land and name, but also a life enhanced by easy access to money, something he certainly wouldn't get if he married a peer.
By 1895 (a year in which America sent nine daughters to the peerage), the formula had coalesced into a relatively simple process. Mothers and their daughters would visit London for the social season, relying upon friends and relatives who had already made British matches to make introductions to eligible young men. Depending on the fortunes of the girl in question, several offers would be fielded, and her parents, weighing social and financial investments and returns, would make a selection. So such marriages were basically transactional alliances. Even in 1874, the union of Jennie Jerome and Lord Randolph Churchill—which would give the Western world both Winston Churchill and a great deal to talk about—would reflect the beginnings of the trend.
Born in Brooklyn in 1854, dark-haired Jennie captivated Lord Randolph, son of the seventh Duke of Marlborough, with startling suddenness. Within three days of their initial meeting, Jennie and Randolph announced their plans to marry.
image: http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/files/2013/08/jennie.jpg
Jennie Jerome in the 1880s. Wikimedia Commons.
Neither the Jeromes nor the Randolphs were thrilled. Jennie's parents thought Lord Randolph, in proposing to their daughter before consulting with them, was in serious breach of etiquette. Not to mention that, as a second son, he wouldn't inherit his father's title.
The Randolphs were aghast at their son's choice of an American bride from a family no one knew anything about, and the more they learned about the Jeromes, the more they disliked the match. Leonard Jerome, Jennie's father, was a flamboyant speculator in stocks and a noted chaser of comely opera singers; her mother, Clara, was occasionally accused of having Iroquois ancestry. Despite owning property in the right part of town (the Jerome Mansion stood at the corner of 26th Street and Madison Avenue), the Jeromes were not considered worthy of the upper echelons of New York society.
Jerome, the duke wrote to his lovestruck son, "drives about six and eight horses in New York (one may take this as an indication of what the man is)." Despite his daughter's charms, he was a person "no man in his sense could think respectable."
The Jeromes, though, had two advantages that could not be overlooked. The first was a personal endorsement of the match by Edward, Prince of Wales, who had met Jennie in social settings and liked her. The second was pecuniary.
Randolph had no money of his own, and the measly allowance his father provided would not have been enough for the couple to live on. The Jeromes would be aligning themselves with one of Britain's most noble families, and for that they were expected to pay handsomely. Leonard Jerome came up with 50,000 pounds plus a 1,000-pound yearly allowance for Jennie (something unheard-of in British families), and the deal was done. In April 1874, Jennie and Randolph were married.
Seven months after the wedding, Lady Randolph gave birth to Winston. (She claimed a fall had induced premature labor, but the baby appeared full-term.) A second followed in 1880, though motherhood did not seem to have slowed Jennie's quest for excitement. She and Randolph both had extramarital affairs (she, it was rumored, with the Prince of Wales, even as she remained close with Princess Alexandra, his wife), though they remained married until his death, in 1895. (The jury is still out on whether he died of syphilis contracted during extracurricular activities.)
Jennie came to have great influence over the political careers of her husband and son, and remained a force on the London social scene into the 20th century. She also came to represent what the British saw as the most vital kind of American girl—bright, intelligent and a bit headstrong. When Jennie's essay "American Women in Europe" was published in the Pall Mall Magazine in 1903, she asserted, "the old prejudices against them, which mostly arose out of ignorance, have been removed, and American women are now appreciated as they deserve." They were beautiful (Jennie Chamberlain, an heiress from Cleveland, so charmed the Prince of Wales he followed her from house party to house party during one mid-1880s social season), well-dressed (they could afford it) and worldly in a way their English counterparts were not. As Jennie Churchill wrote:
They are better read, and have generally traveled before they make their appearance in the world. Whereas a whole family of English girls are educated by a more or less incompetent governess, the American girl in the same condition of life will begin from her earliest age with the best professors…by the time she is eighteen she is able to assert her views on most things and her independence in all.
Despite their joie de vivre, not all American brides were as adaptable as Lady Randolph, and their marriages not as successful. The Marlborough-Vanderbilt match, for one, was significantly less harmonious.
Alva Vanderbilt determined early on that only a noble husband would be worthy of her daughter. She and a team of governesses managed Consuelo's upbringing in New York and Newport, Rhode Island, where the heiress studied French, music and other disciplines a lady might need as a European hostess. Consuelo was meek, deferring to her mother on most matters. Before the wedding she was described by the Chicago Tribune as having " all the naive frankness of a child," an affectation that may have endeared her to the American public, but would be no match for the heir to Blenheim. After they met at the home of Minnie Paget (nee Stevens), a minor American heiress who acted as a sort of matchmaker, Alva went to work ensuring the union would take place. It was settled that the groom would receive $2.5 million in shares of stock owned by Consuelo's father, who would also agree to guarantee the yearly sum of $100,000 to each half of the couple.
image: http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/files/2013/08/439px-Duke_Marlborough_Singer_Sargent-366×500.jpg
The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough with their children. Painted by John Singer Sargent in 1905. From To Marry an English Lord.
"Sunny," as the future duke was known, made little effort to hide his reasons for favoring an American bride; Blenheim Palace needed repairs his family couldn't afford. After the wedding (it is rumored that in the carriage ride after the ceremony, Sunny coldly informed Consuelo of the lover waiting for him in England) he went about spending her dowry restoring the family seat to glory.
Consuelo, for her part, was less than pleased with her new home:
Our own rooms, which faced east, were being redecorated, so we spent the first three months in a cold and cheerless apartment looking north. They were ugly, depressing rooms, devoid of the beauty and comforts my own home had provided.
Unlike her previous American residences, Blenheim lacked indoor plumbing, and many of the rooms were drafty. Once installed there, some 65 miles from London, Consuelo would travel little until the next social season (she was lucky, though; some American brides wound up on estates in the North of England, where getting to the capital more than once a year was unthinkable), and in the drawing room she was forced to answer questions nightly about whether she was yet in the family way. If Consuelo failed to produce an heir, the dukedom would pass to Winston Churchill (Lady Randolph's son), something the current duchess of Marlborough was loath to see happen.
Consuelo and Sunny's relationship deteriorated. He returned to the womanizing he'd done before their marriage, and she looked elsewhere for comfort, engaging for a time in a relationship with her husband's cousin, the Hon. Reginald Fellowes. These dalliances were not enough to keep the Marlboroughs happy, and in 1906, barely ten years after their wedding, they separated, divorcing in 1921.
If the Vanderbilt-Marlborough marriage was the high point of the American ascent to the noble realm, it was also the beginning of a backlash. Sunny's courtship of Consuelo was seen as almost mercenary, and the men who followed him in the hunt for an heiress looked even worse. When Alice Thaw, daughter of a Pittsburgh railroad magnate, agreed to marry the earl of Yarmouth in 1903, she hardly could have guessed that on the morning of her wedding the groom would be arrested for failure to pay outstanding debts and that she would have to wait at the church while her intended and her father renegotiated her dowry.
image: http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/files/2013/08/tumblr_m2pg3qIy6q1qakblyo1_500.png
"The Yarmouth-Thaw Wedding Pictures," the Pittsburgh Press, 1903.
American fathers, too, began to doubt the necessity of having a duchess in the family. Frank Work, whose daughter Frances' marriage to James Burke Roche, Baron Fermoy, would end with Frances accusing her husband of desertion, went on record as strongly opposing the practice of trading hard-earned money for louche husbands with impressive names. His 1911 obituary, printed in the New-York Tribune, quoted from an earlier interview:
It's time this international marrying came to a stop for our American girls are ruining our own country by it. As fast as our honorable, hard working men can earn this money their daughters take it and toss it across the ocean. And for what? For the the purpose of a title and the privilege of paying the debts of so-called noblemen! If I had anything to say about it, I'd make an international marriage a hanging offense.
Ideal marriages, wealthy fathers thought, were like the 1896 match between Gertrude Vanderbilt and Henry Payne Whitney, wherein American money stayed put and even had the chance to multiply.
Much of the Gilded Age matchmaking that united the two nations occurred under the reign of Edward VII, who as Prince of Wales encouraged social merriment equal to that of his mother Queen Victoria's sobriety. When Edward died, in 1910, the throne passed to his son George V, who, along with his British-bred wife, Mary, curtailed the excess that had characterized his father's leadership of Britain's leisure class. Nightly private parties throughout a social season began to seem vulgar as Europe moved closer to war. In New York, Newport and Chicago, the likes of Caroline Astor began to cede social power to the nouveaux riche they had once snubbed, and as the American economy became the domain of men like J.P. Morgan and Andrew Carnegie, their daughters had little reason to spend their inheritances restoring 17th-century castles when they could stay home and be treated as royalty by the press and the public.
Though American girls quit looking for husbands across the pond, the influence of the ones who did become duchesses and baronesses left an indelible mark on the British landscape. American women financed the repair and restoration of once-shabby estates like Blenheim and Wrotham Park, backed political ambitions (Mary Leiter, a department-store heiress from Chicago, used her father's money to help her husband, George Curzon, become the viceroy of India), and, in the case of Jennie Jerome, gave birth to children who would lead Britain squarely into the 20th century.
The women, too, were changed. Jennie Jerome, after her husband's death, married two more Englishmen (one of them younger than her son Winston), and other American girls who divorced or outlived their first husbands stayed on in their adoptive country, occasionally marrying other peers and tending to the political and marital careers of their children.
image: http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/files/2013/08/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_mit_Winston_Churchill-500×416.jpg
Consuelo Vanderbilt and Winston Churchill at Blenheim Palace, 1902. Wikimedia Commons.
After she divorced Sunny, Consuelo Vanderbilt married Lt. Jacques Balsan, a French balloonist and airplane pilot, and the two would remain together until his death in 1956, living primarily in a château 50 miles from Paris and, later, a massive Palm Beach estate Consuelo called Casa Alva, in honor of her mother.
Consuelo's autobiography, The Glitter and the Gold, appeared in 1953 and detailed just how miserable she'd been as the Duchess of Marlborough. But perhaps, during her time as a peer of the realm, something about that life took hold of Consuelo and never quite let go. She died on Long Island in 1964, having asked her family to secure her a final resting place at Blenheim.
Balsan, Consuelo, The Glitter and the Gold, 1953; Lady Randolph Churchill, "American Women in Europe," Nash's Pall Mall Magazine, 1903; DePew, Chauncey, Titled Americans 1890: A List of American Ladies Who Have Married Foreigners of Rank; MacColl, Gail, and Wallace, Carol McD., To Marry an English Lord, Workman Publishing, 1989; Sebba, Anne, American Jennie: The Remarkable Life of Lady Randolph Churchill, W.W. Norton & Company, 2007; Cannadine, David, The Rise and Fall of the British Aristocracy, Vintage, 1999; Lovell, Mary S., The Churchills, Little Brown, 2011; Stuart, Amanda Mackenzie, Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt: The Story of a Daughter and Mother in the Gilded Age, Harper Perennial, 2005; "Frank Work Dead at 92", New-York Tribune, 17 March 1911; "The Marriage of Marlborough and Vanderbilt," Chicago Daily Tribune, 27 October 1895; "She is Now a Duchess," New York Times, 7 November 1895.
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How Money Changes The Way We Think And Behave
01/06/2014 10:24 am ET | Updated Jan 23, 2014
Carolyn Gregoire Senior Writer, The Huffington Post
The term "affluenza" — a portmanteau of affluence and influenza, defined as a "painful, contagious, socially transmitted condition of overload, debt, anxiety, and waste, resulting from the dogged pursuit of more" — is often dismissed as a silly buzzword created to express our cultural disdain for consumerism. Though often used in jest, the term may have more truth than many of us would like to think.
Affluenza was even used as a defense in a recent, highly publicized drunk driving trial in Texas, where a 16-year-old boy claimed that his family's wealth should exempt him from responsibility for the deaths of four people. The boy got off with 10 years' probation and therapy (which his family will pay for), angering many for what they saw as the law's unfair leniency.
Psychologist G. Dick Miller, who acted as an expert witness for the defense, argued that the boy was suffering from affluenza, which may have kept him from comprehending the full consequence of his actions.
"I wish I had not used that term," Miller later told CNN. "Everyone seems to have hooked on to it."
Whether affluenza is real or imagined, money really does change everything, as the song goes — and those of high social class do tend to see themselves much differently than others. Wealth (and the pursuit of it) has been linked with immoral behavior — and not just in movies like The Wolf of Wall Street. Psychologists who study the impact of wealth and inequality on human behavior have found that money can powerfully influence our thoughts and actions in ways that we're often not aware of, no matter our economic circumstances. Although wealth is certainly subjective, most of the current research measures wealth on scales of income, job status or measures of socioeconomic circumstances, like educational attainment and intergenerational wealth.
Here are seven things you should know about the psychology of money and wealth.
More money, less empathy?
[Image: monopoly game]
Several studies have shown that wealth may be at odds with empathy and compassion. Research published in the journal Psychological Science also found that people of lower economic status were better at reading others' facial expressions — an important marker of empathy — than wealthier people.
"A lot of what we see is a baseline orientation for the lower class to be more empathetic and the upper class to be less [so]," study co-author Michael Kraus told TIME. "Lower-class environments are much different from upper-class environments. Lower-class individuals have to respond chronically to a number of vulnerabilities and social threats. You really need to depend on others so they will tell you if a social threat or opportunity is coming and that makes you more perceptive of emotions."
While a lack of resources fosters greater emotional intelligence, having more resources can cause bad behavior in its own right. University of Berkeley research found that even fake money could make people behave with less regard for others. Researchers observed that when two students played monopoly, one having been given a great deal more Monopoly money than the other, the wealthier player expressed initial discomfort, but then went on to act aggressively, taking up more space and moving his pieces more loudly, and even taunts the player with less money.
Wealth can cloud moral judgment.
[Image: morality]
It is no surprise in this post-2008 world to learn that wealth may cause a sense of moral entitlement. A UC Berkeley study found that in San Francisco — where the law requires that cars stop at crosswalks for pedestrians to pass — drivers of luxury cars were four times less likely than those in less expensive vehicles to stop and allow pedestrians the right of way. They were also more likely to cut off other drivers.
Another study suggested that merely thinking about money could lead to unethical behavior. Researchers from Harvard and the University of Utah found that study participants were more likely to lie or behave immorally after being exposed to money-related words.
"Even if we are well intentioned, even if we think we know right from wrong, there may be factors influencing our decisions and behaviors that we're not aware of," University of Utah associate management professor Kristin Smith-Crowe, one of the study's co-authors, told MarketWatch.
Wealth has been linked with addiction.
[Image: alcoholism]
While money itself doesn't cause addiction or substance abuse, wealth has been linked with a higher susceptibility to addiction problems. A number of studies have found that affluent children are more vulnerable to substance abuse issues, potentially because of high pressure to achieve and isolation from parents. Studies also found that kids who come from wealthy parents aren't necessary exempt from adjustment problems — in fact, research found that on several measures of maladjustment, high school studies of high socioeconomic status received higher scores than inner-city students. Researchers found that these children may be more likely to internalize problems, which has been linked with substance abuse.
But it's not just adolescents: Even in adulthood, the rich outdrink the poor by more than 27 percent.
Money itself can become addictive.
[Image: money rich]
The pursuit of wealth itself can also become a compulsive behavior. As Psychologist Dr. Tian Dayton explained, a compulsive need to acquire money is often considered part of a class of behaviors known as process addictions, or "behavioral addictions," which are distinct from substance abuse:
These days, the idea of process addictions is widely accepted. Process addictions are addictions that involve a compulsive and/or an out of control relationship with certain behaviors such as gambling, sex, eating and yes, even money… There is a change in brain chemistry with a process addiction that's similar to the mood altering effects of alcohol or drugs. With process addictions engaging in a certain activity, say viewing pornography, compulsive eating or an obsessive relationship with money, can kick start the release of brain/body chemicals, like dopamine, that actually produce a "high" that's similar to the chemical high of a drug. The person who is addicted to some form of behavior has learned, albeit unconsciously, to manipulate his own brain chemistry.
While a process addiction is not a chemical addiction, it does involve compulsive behavior — in this case, an addiction to the good feeling that comes from receiving money or possessions — which can ultimately lead to negative consequences and harm the individual's well-being. Addiction to spending money — sometimes known as shopaholism — is another, more common type of money-associated process addiction.
Wealthy children may be more troubled.
[Image: rich kids of instagram]
Children growing up in wealthy families may seem to have it all, but having it all may come at a high cost. Wealthier children tend to be more distressed than lower-income kids, and are at high risk for anxiety, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, cheating and stealing. Research has also found high instances of binge-drinking and marijuana use among the children of high-income, two-parent, white families.
"In upwardly mobile communities, children are often pressed to excel at multiple academic and extracurricular pursuits to maximize their long-term academic prospects — a phenomenon that may well engender high stress," psychologist Suniya Luthar in "The Culture Of Affluence." "At an emotional level, similarly, isolation may often derive from the erosion of family time together because of the demands of affluent parents' career obligations and the children's many after-school activities."
We tend to perceive the wealthy as "evil."
[Image: mansion]
On the other side of the spectrum, lower-income individuals are likely to judge and stereotype those who are wealthier than themselves, often judging the wealthy as being "cold." (Though it is also true that the poor struggle with their own set of societal stereotypes.)
Rich people tend to be a source of envy and distrust, so much so that we may even take pleasure in their struggles, according to Scientific American. University of Pennsylvania research demonstrated that most people tend to link perceived profits with perceived social harm. When participants were asked to assess various companies and industries (some real, some hypothetical), both liberals and conservatives ranked institutions perceived to have higher profits with greater evil and wrong-doing across the board, independent of the company or industry's actions in reality.
Money can't buy happiness (or love).
[Image: mountaintop couple]
We tend to seek money and power in our pursuit of success (and who doesn't want to be successful, after all?), but it may be getting in the way of the things that really matter: Happiness and love.
There is no direct correlation between income and happiness. After a certain level of income that can take care of basic needs and relieve strain (some say $50,000 a year, some say $75,000), wealth makes hardly any difference to overall well-being and happiness and, if anything, only harms well-being: Extremely affluent people actually suffer from higher rates of depression. Some data has suggested money itself doesn't lead to dissatisfaction — instead, it's the ceaseless striving for wealth and material possessions that may lead to unhappiness. Materialistic values have even been linked with lower relationship satisfaction.
But here's something to be happy about: More Americans are beginning to look beyond money and status when it comes to defining success in life. Only around one-quarter of Americans still believe that wealth determines success, according to a 2013 LifeTwist study.
Arianna Huffington and Mika Brzezinski are taking The Third Metric on a 3-city tour: NY, DC & LA. Tickets are on sale now at thirdmetric.com.
What the 1% Don't Want Us to Know
April 18, 2014
The median pay for the top 100 highest-paid CEOs at America's publicly traded companies was a handsome $13.9 million in 2013. That's a 9 percent increase from the previous year, according to a new Equilar pay study for The New York Times.
These types of jumps in executive compensation may have more of an effect on our widening income inequality than previously thought. A new book that's the talk of academia and the media, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, a 42-year-old who teaches at the Paris School of Economics, shows that two-thirds of America's increase in income inequality over the past four decades is the result of steep raises given to the country's highest earners.
This week, Bill talks with Nobel Prize-winning economist and New York Times columnist Paul Krugman, about Piketty's "magnificent" new book.
"What Piketty's really done now is he said, 'Even those of you who talk about the 1 percent, you don't really get what's going on.' He's telling us that we are on the road not just to a highly unequal society, but to a society of an oligarchy. A society of inherited wealth."
Krugman adds: "We're seeing inequalities that will be transferred across generations. We are becoming very much the kind of society we imagined we're nothing like."
Producer: Gina Kim. Segment Producer: Lena Shemel. Editor: Rob Kuhns. Intro Producer: Lena Shemel. Editor: Sikay Tang. Outro Producer: Rob Booth.
Editor: Sikay Tang.
Wealth Inequality in America, Perception vs Reality
Social stratification is a society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political). As such, stratification is the relative social position of persons within a social group, category, geographic region, or social unit. In modern Western societies, social stratification typically is distinguished as three social classes: (i) the upper class, (ii) the middle class, and (iii) the lower class; in turn, each class can be subdivided into strata, e.g. the upper-stratum, the middle-stratum, and the lower stratum.[1] Moreover, a social stratum can be formed upon the bases of kinship or caste, or both.
The categorization of people by social strata occurs in all societies, ranging from the complex, state-based societies to tribal and feudal societies, which are based upon socio-economic relations among classes of nobility and classes of peasants. Historically, whether or not hunter-gatherer societies can be defined as socially stratified or if social stratification began with agriculture and common acts of social exchange, remains a debated matter in the social sciences.[2] Determining the structures of social stratification arises from inequalities of status among persons, therefore, the degree of social inequality determines a person's social stratum. Generally, the greater the social complexity of a society, the more social strata exist, by way of social differentiation
The Key Factors For Social Stratification Sociology Essay
Published: 23, March 2015
As a key factor, the social stratification lies at the core of sociology, which affects our life everyday. Conceptually, the social stratification is defined as: 'A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy.' (Macionis & Plummer, 2008, p. 232.)
In daily community life, individuals are stratified into various hierarchies of class, age, gender, ethnicity, sexuality and etc. Some of those are divided by the nature law and others by the social law. The next few paragraph will focus on the dimension of social law and explain how the related rule of stratification, the class, works in community life. The essay will argue that class permeates in community life.
"The class stratification is a form of social stratification in which a society tends to divide into separate classes whose members have differential access to resources and power." (Breen, Richard, and David Rottman,1995.) There is always a gap of economy and culture between different classes. Individuals are always born into their class, and then there would be flows between different level of classes through the social mobility.
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The wealth would usually be the source power for the class stratification. When people who are on the same economic and cultural level appear the difference between much more wealthier or less wealthier, it begins. Following the change of time, a large number of wealth is congregated into the hand of a small number of people. When the difference between people becomes rich and poor, so that people spread out more from one another economically, the social class is set up. At that time, due to people are no longer belonging to the same economic level, the cultural gap appears. On the other hand, it is not possible for people of different class to roll back to the same start line. The lower class loses more of its influence and wealth as the upper class gains more influence and wealth, further dividing the classes from one another.
As the product of the class stratification, the social class is usually defined as economic or cultural arrangements of group in society. In the modern Western context, the social class is always stratified into three layers: upper class, middle class, and lower class. Each class may be further subdivided into smaller classes.
Stratified according to these rules, there are three levels in Australia's social class: upper class, middle class and the working class. Mainly by the upper class who is in control, and the owners of capital. The middle class includes those people who take non-manual. Some in this class of professional doctors, accountants, engineers and so on. Mainly by working class occupations, in essence, is the manual.
When it comes to symbols, which show the class are not all adjacent to the two classes can give a clear dividing line. The upper class can wear expensive clothes, driving expensive cars and living in senior housing market.
It's not a money talk society. "Take clothes for example, other than money, there are other factors that influence the clothes that a person may choose to put on. For example some well-off teenagers may have clothes in line with the fashion more that those that would be said to be of their class."(social Australia) In this rule, someone can dress in a style which rather than his class. In the same way, in middle class they may wear expensive clothes and buy fancy cars from a loan. The upper class symbols are such things as the entertainment preference, engagement in certain types of sporting activities, like golf, racing boats, GPmoto, and so on.
The social mobility, it has own definitions, features and some different types of mobility in essence ,and its a great thing to discuss the justice problem of those major types of social mobility, all of these things refers to the degree to which an individual's or group's status is able to change in terms of position in the social hierarchy. "On some facts, material wealth and the ability of an agent to move up the class system. Such a change may be described as "vertical mobility," in contrast to a more general change in position" (Bertaux, Daniel & Thomson Paul , 1997)
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So we can get that mobility is enabled to a varying and debatable extent by economic capital, cultural capital (such as higher education or an authoritative accent), human capital , social capital ,physical capital , and symbolic capital .compared with history, In modern nation states, policy issues such as welfare, medicine, education and public transport . In other societies religious affiliation, caste membership, or simple geography may be of central importance. The extent to which a nation is open and meritocratic is fundamental: a society in which traditional or religious caste systems dominate is unlikely to present the opportunity for social mobility.
There are some unique but common phenomenon in societies, which is slavery and its an example of low social mobility because, For the enslaved people, in fact, there is no upward mobility, and their owner, is actually illegal downward.
Social mobility is discuss upward, but it is a double sided phenomena, it has upward mobility, and may have relative downward mobility. If merit and fortune play a larger role in life chances than the luck of birth, someone may manage their social position, and someone may also move downward relative to others. This is the risk of be in power, to encourage people in power to increasingly devise and commission political, law, education, and allow them strengthen their economic mechanism. But, through control this trend, it s possible in a growing economy for there to be greater upward mobility than downward ,as has been the case in Western Europe.
Official or legally recognized class designations do not exist in modern western democracies and it is considered possible for individuals to move from poverty to wealth or political prominence within one generation. Despite this formal opportunity for social mobility, recent research suggests that Britain and particularly the United States have less social mobility than the Nordic countries and Canada. These authors state that "the idea of the US as 'the land of opportunity' persists; and clearly seems misplaced."( Jo Blanden; Paul Gregg and Stephen Machin (April 2005). "Intergenerational Mobility in Europe and North America" (PDF). The Sutton Trust.)( Matthew Taylor (25 April 2005). "UK low in social mobility league, says charity". London: The Guardian.)( Obstacles to social mobility weaken equal opportunities and economic growth, says OECD study, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Economics Department, 10/02/2010.)
Not only in countries of different types of social mobility, it can also change over time. Comparison of the United States the United Kingdom, existing between the two countries in different historical periods have different degree of social mobility. In the long run, from the mid-19th century, the United States with low inequality and social mobility is very high. In the 19th century, the United States has far higher than the social mobility in Britain, as in ordinary schools movement and open public school system, the greater the agricultural sector, and high geographic mobility of the U.S.. However, in the 20th and 21st century, half of the social dynamics between the two countries the differences have narrowed, because there are two countries, growing social inequality, especially in the United States. In other words, the individual's family background, social status is more than today's forecast is 1850.
In this long river, it takes several centuries in social mobility and across types of countries, it can also continue for a long time. Comparing the United States to the United Kingdom, "This progress persist over two countries during different historical periods. In the United States in the mid-19th century inequality was low and social mobility was high. In the late 19th century, the U.S. had much higher social mobility than in the UK, due to the common school movement and open public school system, a larger farming sector, as well as higher geographic mobility in the United States"(new world encyclopedia)
The most typical examples in American upward mobility include Abraham Lincoln and Bill Clinton, who were born into working-class families yet achieved high political office in adult life, and Andrew Carnegie, was a poor immigrants when he first arrived in America, then became a steel magnate. Examples from other countries include Ramsay MacDonald was a farm worker and baby sitter became the UK's first prime minister. Joseph Cook, was a miner when he was nine and became Australian prime minister.
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To sum up, the inequity, especially in wealth area, give the birth to the social class. Under the social stratification, the social mobility makes the community life changeable. Leading upward or downward social mobility effectively is the key for the stability of the community life.
Banned TED Talk: Nick Hanauer "Rich people don't create jobs"
Social inequality is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. Let's examine some causes and effects of poverty and test our knowledge with a quiz.
Definition of Social Inequality
Watch: Definition (0:18)
Social inequality is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. Although the United States differs from most European nations that have a titled nobility, the U.S. is still highly stratified. Social inequality has several important dimensions. Income is the earnings from work or investments, while wealth is the total value of money and other assets minus debts. Other important dimensions include power, occupational prestige, schooling, ancestry, and race and ethnicity.
Causes of Social Inequality
Watch: Causes (0:54)
There is little question that many people in the U.S. are better off than most other people in the world. That being said, poverty also impacts millions of people in the U.S. Why do such social inequalities exist? Let's examine the two prevailing explanations of poverty: blaming the poor and blaming society.
One approach to explain poverty is to blame the poor – that the poor are responsible for their own poverty. There is some evidence to support this theory, because the main reason people are poor is the lack of employment. According to this view, society has plenty of opportunities for people to realize the American dream, and people are poor because they lack the motivation, skills, or schooling to find work.
Another approach to explain poverty is to blame society- that society is responsible for poverty. While it is true that unemployment is a main contributor to poverty, the reasons people don't work are more in line with this approach. Loss of jobs in the inner city is a major contributor to poverty. There simply isn't enough work to support families.
Unequal – social inequalities in health
is what you "understand" programed into you by the rich?
are we told just to "Man up"?
Humanity Divided: Confronting Inequality in Developing Countries
system or genetics? or something more? spiritual problem?
self imposed addictions or modified programmable behavior by a system leading to controlable identies that those control will not question because those who control "believe" what they feel/think/create about themselves as created and so did the "others" they convince in that "system"?
environment or "something more"?
does pollution we are exposed part of the "programming" of society? is pollution a part of "unethical human experimaentaion to punish humans not fit to live"?
are we conditioned to desire "effecincy" and "more" without "limits" and come to "expect it"? why?


text:
Notebook la Montre - Hialdar
Paperback, 80 Pages
Price: $4.25
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Notebook format de poche, de quatre-vingt pages, toutes blanches, avec, en guise de couverture, l'emblème du pays de Hialdar (la tête de serpentaire). Pour les amoureux des carnets de note ! Petit format, petit nombre de pages...
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- Copyright
- Standard Copyright License
- Publisher
- Ren
- Published
- October 14, 2014
- Language
- French
- Pages
- 80
- Binding
- Perfect-bound Paperback
- Interior Ink
- Black & white
- Weight
- 0.25 lbs.
- Dimensions (inches)
- 4.25 wide x 6.88 tall
- Product ID
- 21850577
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Regular Fit White Marcella Wing Collar Evening Dress Shirt
Collar Size (Inches/Centimetres):
Sleeve Length (Inches/Centimetres):
Adjust your sleeve length + €10.00Alterations will add 3 working days to standard delivery time
Additional Information
Product Details
Our evening dress shirts are perfect for black tie affairs. This wing collar shirt is ideal for showing off a self-tie bow tie. The bow tie retainer loop on the back of the shirt is a small detail we added to ensure your bow tie stays correctly positioned on the collar band at all times to avoid it riding up with wear!
About the fit
Regular fit
Our most generously proportioned shirt fit, cut for those who prefer a comfortable, more accommodating shape. It's the traditional Jermyn Street style we've been crafting for over 100 years.
About the fabric
Marcella weave
The front panel of our evening shirts is double-layered, with the top layer incorporating a classic 'golf ball' effect Marcella weave. The rest of the shirt is pure cotton poplin for a luxurious feel.
About the collar
The wing collar, found in traditional evening shirts, is designed to wear with a bow tie.
Additional Information
- 100% Cotton
- Machine Washable
- Double Cuff
- Easy Iron Finish
- Catalogue Number - 26102
- All accessories sold separately
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Click & Collect - Collect from a T.M. Lewin store - FREE
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We hope that you'll be pleased with your choice of TM Lewin products but if you're not then please note that if you return your products to us from outside the UK it will be at your own risk and cost. Please use airmail only. If the goods are faulty we will be happy to refund the full return costs once we have received and inspected them.
Please note that hemmed trousers cannot be returned for a refund or exchange unless faulty.


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Critical Linking: November 14th, 2014
Books about books, where literature is integral to life, are a genre in themselves, as terrific titles by authors from Nicholson Baker to Geoff Dyer very readably show.
I love books about books, don't you?
Amazon and book publisher Hachette Book Group have finally reached a deal in the negotiations that have been going on since May. For months, Amazon removed pre-orders on Hachette titles, shipped them with delays and would not discount them.
It's over.
Recently, I'm very surprised to hear myself muttering to my partner, sotto voce: "I don't want go to the library." I tell my children that we will have to go another day, when really, I'm putting it off until winter arrives and our choices are much more limited. Right now we have the park, the playground and the ball field, areas that are decidedly computer-free. Because, thanks to an influx of computers at our local library, library time has come to mean screen time.
I can sympathize with wanting the library to be a place apart from technology, but this is an enormously privileged point of view. For many, the library is their primary way of accessing technology.
Yesterday, that came to an end when Amazon, a company famous for being the exact opposite of Gutenberg's press, won an auction to own the .book domain name. According to numerous reports, Amazon spent around $10 million for the domain name.
This is somewhere between no deal and a big deal. I think I am going with no deal.
Discover and listen to popular audiobooks with Volumes, powered by Penguin Random House Audio. Volumes provides you with the very best audiobooks across a variety of genres including fiction, mystery, thriller, sci-fi, history, classics, and children's. Find top authors and your favorite narrators through our easy to use search.
Smart audiobook sampling app from Penguin Random House.
Did you know that Book Riot has a YouTube channel? We do. It's new and we are having fun with it. Check it out here.


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Garnier SkinActive Clearly Brighter Brightening & Smoothing Daily Moisturizer SPF 15
Visibly brighter, polished-looking skin in one week.
Designed with our Antioxidant Complex of Vitamin C & E, Pine Bark Essence, and gentle exfoliating Lipo-Hydroxyl Acid (LHA), this fast absorbing, non-greasy formula turns dull, rough skin into smooth, polished-looking skin with a more radiant, even tone.
Warnings: For external use only. Do not use on damaged or broken skin. When using this product keep out of eyes. Rinse with water to remove. Stop use and ask a doctor if rash occurs. Keep out of reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Clinically proven results.* In 1 week, reveals two key dimensions of brighter looking skin: radiant, more even skin tone and improved skin texture, even reduces wrinkles. *In a clinical test
How to Use:
For sunscreen use: Apply liberally 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply at least every 2 hours. Use a water resistant sunscreen if swimming or sweating.
Sun Protection Measures. Spending time in the sun increases your risk of skin cancer and early skin aging. To decrease this risk, regularly use a sunscreen with Broad Spectrum SPF value of 15 or higher and other sun protection measures, including: limit time in the sun, especially from 10a.m. – 2p.m., wear long-sleeved shirts, pants, hats, and sunglasses. Children under 6 months of age: Ask a doctor.
Active ingredients Purpose
Avobenzone 3% .................... Sunscreen
Octisalate 5% .................... Sunscreen
Octocrylene 5% ................... Sunscreen
Inactive Ingredients: water, glycerin, silica, dimethicone, PEG-100 stearate, glyceryl stearate, octyldodecanol, ammonium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate, ascorbyl glucoside, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, capryloyl salicylic acid, caprylyl glycol, citral, dicaprylyl carbonate, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, disodium EDTA, geraniol, limonene, linalool, nymphaea alba flower extract, palmitic acid, phenoxyethanol, phenylethyl resorcinol, sodium hyaluronate, sodium hydroxide, sodium palmitoyl proline, steareth-100, stearic acid, tocopherol, xanthan gum, fragrance
Antioxidants are a group of vitamins and minerals that defend against the aging, damaging effects of "free radical" toxins and pollutants. Usually found in nuts, berries, and plant-based oils, the most popular Antioxidants used in beauty formulas include Vitamins A, C and E, Beta-Carotene, and the minerals Selenium and Manganese.
Commonly found in moisturizers and increasingly in hair care, Sun Protection Factor, better known as SPF, indicates the level of sunburn protection you can expect from the sun's Ultra Violet B rays. SPF 15, for example, blocks 94% of UVB rays, while SPF 30 blocks 97%, SPF 50 98%, and SPF 100 99%. Products labeled "Broad Spectrum" block the deeply-penetrating Ultra Violet A rays too.
Vitamin c
There's more to Vitamin C than meets the eye. A powerful antioxidant, it is also highly effective in fighting signs of aging, brightening skin tone, and helping reduce the appearance of dark spots over time.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps maintain skin snd hair's natural hydration. Used in skin care, It helps absorb and protect from damaging UV rays. In hair care, it helps seal in protective moisture.


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How fast is the mobile communications world growing today?
Fast. Very fast.
According to industry analysts IDC, the number of people accessing the Web on mobile devices is expected to grow beyond 265 million people by 2016, from around 174 million smartphone and tablet users today.
IDC predicts that by 2015, more U.S. consumers will access the Internet through their mobile devices than through personal computers.
Additionally, more people will be buying products via their devices; IDC estimates that global business-to-consumer (B2C) mobile commerce spending will reach $223 billion by 2016, a six-fold jump from 2011 numbers.
As a business owner, you need to be ready for this new business paradigm. Surely, you want to focus your marketing and sales efforts to reach the widest and most relevant audience. How do you do that?
Well, if you presented that question to two marketing experts, you might come away with three or more answers. There are many trends in the current market that you need to be aware of, but maybe not necessarily adopt.
Marketing Options
Take social media, for example. Yes, it is a powerful platform, but does it generate instant turnover and ROI?
Not so sure.
If done right over a long period of time, the social Web can definitely increase your revenue; but it takes time, expertise and whole lot of mistakes along the way. Not sure we all have time for that.
Mobile, on the other hand, is a platform you need to study and act on immediately.
Why? Well, because the market has spoken and mobile devices such as T-Mobile phones are dominating. The trend shows no signs of slowing down, either.
Several mobile trends are on the way up, including mobile payments and location-based marketing. And according to the research specialists eDigital Research, younger women are becoming the biggest owners of smartphones. These are trends worth noting for your business.
Mobile Usage
In the Western world, and even in emerging markets, the mobile phone is mainstream. Period.
Consumers depend on it more and more, and you can no longer ignore the device that Strategy Analytics reported is found in the hands of one billion of people across the globe.
Check out some of these recent statistics on the effects of mobile connectivity, from IDC and the market research firm Gartner:
- People are spending more time on mobile devices than they do reading newspapers and magazines combined
- 42.8 percent of marketing execs plan to increase spending on mobile marketing efforts in 2013
- 80 percent of retailers are investing in mobile commerce endeavors
- 99 percent of smartphone users access their mobile browser at least once per day
- Three out of every five searches are conducted on a smartphone or tablet
- Nine times out of 10, a search performed on a smartphone results in a visit or purchase
- 75 percent of mobile users shop on their devices
- 74 percent of mobile users check their email on their devices
- 52 percent of mobile device owners use them while they're in a store to get help with a purchase.
Photo Credit: SocialMediaVIDEOmarketing
It's obvious you should be investing your resources in a platform that's got these kind of numbers. Not just that, but when you employ a mobile-platform marketing strategy, your marketing efforts reach people personally, on their own time, in the location you choose and with the offer that's right for them. That's the quality of engagement at work.
Quality of Engagement
I think we all agree that mobile is the future in terms of sheer numbers, but it goes deeper than that. Forget quantity for a second, and imagine computers and mobile going head-to-head among the same number of people, with equal access to your content on both platforms.
What about the quality of engagement you can expect to see on mobile in comparison to that of the PC? Well, let's start with location. Smartphones have integrated sensors. The GPS sensor is one that, when activated, pinpoints the location of the user while the phone is on.
In knowing this information, marketers can find geographically specific and relevant potential buyers who come equipped with a shopping tool in their pockets. This is far more powerful than a computer was a few years ago.
Location Marketing
With a good mobile strategy, your business can reach out to customers right where they are, helping to boost their engagement and ultimately turn them into a customer. What kind of customer? Well, the ideal customer, of course: One you can retain for a long time.
Are customers walking by your retail establishment? A good mobile strategy can offer them an exclusive discount if they enter right now. In fact, sharing the offer with their friends might enable them to receive a larger discount (and you another customer). Mobile's ability to localize digital advertising is one of the biggest reasons your business needs to include mobile marketing efforts.
Another groundbreaking aspect of the smartphone revolution is the proliferation of mobile apps. These programs run on consumers' mobile devices and offer them various experiences, such as gaming, content and communication. The good news for business owners is, smartphones have the ability to analyze what type of mobile content being accessed by people and target them accordingly.
The bottom line is, mobile is a train leaving the station at increasing speeds – find a seat onboard now.
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Related Posts
- A Guide to Create Better Mobile User Experience with AMP (Accelerated Mobile Page)
- Your Options For Going Mobile In 2013
- Bring in More Revenue with Mobile Payments
- Why your business needs to go mobile in 2013


text:
New website development finished
12 April 2017
The new website of our department was development. Now the most technical work is done, and the website has the following features:
- faculty profiles with biographical information;
- faculty personal document databases (assignments and test samples, auxiliary tasks, recommended literature, etc.) intended to imporove the educational process;
- list of selected publications;
- schedule of classes;
- information block: news, announcements, history of the department, curriculums, etc.
As the next step, we plan to add an information about departmental international collaborations in science and students exchanges; info about scientific confereces, etc.


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By,K Ashwin Mobile:00919920183006 Email:email@example.com
Thomas Cook (India) Ltd, Indiadia's leading integrated travel and travel related financial Services Company has announced a 3-city promotional 'Holiday Mela' to launch its exclusive Maharashtrian Regional international tours – Avismarniya and Apratim Tours. Thomas Cook's Holiday Mela commenced in Kolhapur, followed by Pune and its finale in Thane.To showcase its unique Maharashtrian Tours and target the high potential Maharashtrian consumers Thomas Cook collaborated with Marathi actor Atul Kulkarni and his film Rajwade & Sons. As part of the 3-city Holiday Mela, Thomas Cook has included an exclusive Meet & Greet event for its esteemed customers and media – to interact with the cast of Rajwade & Sons. Present at the event were Ms. Shibani Phadkar, Senior Vice President & Head Products & Operations & Mr. Jatinder Paul Singh, Senior Vice President & Head – Sales & Distribution, Leisure (Outbound) along with the stellar star cast of Rajwade & Sons – Atul Kulkarni & Sachin Khedekar.


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Apple has made a small but significant tweak to the way you use the App Store, adding a web preview option to the service.
As of this week, you can check out an app in your iPhone and iPod browser (and any internet browser) without actually loading up iTunes.
This means you now don't actually have to go near iTunes to view apps which you want to peruse. Instead you will be redirected to a preview page. Here you have the option to preview within your browser or within iTunes.
That's right – Apple is actually giving you options!
Name that iTune
To be fair to Apple, it already rolled out this feature for music within iTunes. Back in November it added the option to view artists and songs via a browser and not within the iTunes Store.
Could it be that iTunes is to finally go web-based? Possibly. Considering the Fruit House is bigging up the brilliance of web surfing on the Apple iPad and its lack of decent memory, it does make sense to embrace the cloud


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im still busy……..but things really slow down for me in october. it's a balance between "enjoying the time off" vs. "making ends meet". always a juggling act.
if you would like to see what ive been doing recently, click here.
as silly as this may sound, i intend to post a few times a week through the end of the year. i have quite a few projects that i intend to accomplish during this slightly slower period. these things are:
~clear out my garage. maybe a garage sale? give away what i can, sell the other stuff on craigslist.
~remodel my bedroom.
~finish recording my new CD. its only a few years over-due.
~thin out my surfboard quiver. i believe its at 14 surfboards, and i could sell a few to make room for a few more.
surf more.
walk the hill each day/night.
more movies.
…and a bunch of other little things that dont get done. im sure you can relate.
ill keep you posted.


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Canon PIXMA G2500 Driver Download
Printer Driver Series
Canon PIXMA G2500 Series Software & Drivers – OS compatible (Windows, Mac OS X) macOS 10.12 (Sierra) / OS X 10.10 (Yosemite) / OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) / OS X 10.9 (Mavericks) / OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion) / Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion), Windows 10 (32-bit) / Windows 10 (64-bit) / Windows 7 (32-bit) / Windows 7 (64-bit) / Windows 8 (32-bit) / Windows 8 (64-bit) / Windows 8.1 (32-bit) / Windows 8.1 (64-bit) / Windows Vista (32-bit) / Windows Vista (64-bit) / Windows XP (32-bit). PIXMA G2500 – G2100 Series All-in-One Inkjet Printer delivers high quality printing performance with compact inkjet printer all-in-one with hybrid ink system technology and new pigments, dye inks increase in full-color hybrid that produces quality black text, graphics and sharp, and full-color color for printing business or a pile of small and Home Office tasks. Built-in more benefits for everyday printing easily refillable ink tank often and meet the needs of the users ensure efficient warktu and print costs low, and generating print elegant genuine superior quality. Even bottles of ink G2100 Canon PIXMA ink capacity with min. 135 ml bottle available in black/70 ml color ink bottles to several more frequently in black printing page/combined colors. High quality scanners provide maximum resolution (optical) Up to 600 x 1200 dpi, with the capability of printing borderless print pictures, and speed (B&W) Up to 8.8 ppm / Up to 5.0 ipm-colour, improve productivity results in amazing original quality for printing.
Drivers And Downloads
Drivers are needed to enable the connection between the printer and computer. Here you will find the driver applies to the product as well as an explanation of the compatibility of the products you use with each operating system. Here's a driver Canon PIXMA G2500 that correspond to your printer model :
PIXMA G2400 Series
PIXMA G2100 Series
PIXMA G2400 Series
To download and install other software on the Canon please go to Software Canon PIXMA Prior to installation, you should check the specifications used device that includes the type of printer and operating system that is used on your PC and Laptop.


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Townhouse For Sale In Streamwood, IL
Spacious Two Story Townhouse In Southgate Manor, Selling By Real Estate Agent. Property Features Vaulted Ceiling In Living Room, The Eating Area Has Sliding Door To Patio, Gorgeous Gallery Kitchen Has Plenty Of Counter Space, Second Level Has 2 Good Size Bedrooms, Private Entrance, Excellent Location, Quiet Community! Short Sale…Sold As Is. The Property Is Priced For The Area. It's Quite A Nice Street To Live On. Call Today – I Would Love To Show You This Home. Regina Zak Tomas, Short Sale Specialist, 773.520.1522
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Rectify is an incredible show about the emotional journey one man takes upon his release from death row after 19 years. The acting, direction, and soundtrack of this series is unparalleled. While it does tackle some pretty intense topics like the death penalty, corruption, spirituality, and more, the show's primary focus is exploring a story of a much more intimate nature. Daniel is the show's main protagonist – a smart, thoughtful, damaged man who's both vulnerable, yet mysterious. His release affects everyone in his family very differently – some, like his sister, Agatha, had been fighting for his release since the day he was arrested. Others, like his brother-in-law, suspect he's guilty of the crime he was accused of. Still others, like the town sheriff, want to find new evidence to lock him away again. That said, this is a story that's driven primarily by characters – and it's a slow burn. The plot might be too slow for those who want to find out right away if Daniel is innocent or not of the crime. But if you watch the scene in the very first episode when Daniel meets his mother and sister outside of a prison cell for the first time in nearly twenty years and you don't feel a torrent of powerful emotion, then this may not be the best series for you. But the rest of you will surely be mesmerised by the thoughtfulness and beauty of this show.
Written By: Josh
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Government yesterday tabled a bill in the Lower House that seeks to establish new regulations governing civil aviation in the country.
While presenting the draft law in the House, the Minister of State in charge of Transport, Eng. Jean de Dieu Uwihanganye, said that the new regulations will improve the way Rwanda investigates aircraft incidents and accidents.
Among other things, the draft law provides articles that empower the Minister in charge of Infrastructure to conduct aircraft accident investigations and outlines how Rwanda works with other organisations and governments to investigate the accidents and incidents.
Uwihanganye said that the proposed regulations will also enable the national carrier, RwandAir, to fly with ease to European and American destinations because the new aviation rules are in line with standard requirements in Europe and the United States of America (USA).
Currently, RwandAir flies to two European capitals - London and Brussels - and officials have previously talked of direct flights to the United States by the national carrier.
"We need this law because we are heading towards improvement in terms of how the aviation industry works in relation to security and safety. For government, the aviation industry is a key strategic sector we want to invest in and for that to be possible we have to be able to have a very strong safety and security system in place," he told The New Times shortly after presenting the draft law in Parliament.
The minister said in an explanatory note that the bill also incorporates United States of America's Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements and European Union's European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) requirements.
The harmonisation is critical for Rwanda because before any airline starts its operations either into USA or EU, the FAA or the EASA, respectively, conducts safety and security audits on the country from where the airline comes from.
The objective of the audit is to determine whether that country's oversight of its airlines that operate, or seek to operate, into the U.S or the E.U, or codeshare (entering into a partnership) with a U.S or EU airline, complies with safety standards established by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).
The proposed law provides the Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (RCAA) with the powers and responsibilities for safety and security oversight of air operators, aircraft maintenance organisations, aviation personnel, aerodromes, air navigation services providers and aviation training organisations.
The government assigned the mandate of daily management and operation of airports and provision of air navigation services to a new company (the Rwanda Airports Company), leaving RCAA with the responsibility to ensure that aviation policies are enforced.
Parliament yesterday approved the basis of the draft law establishing regulations governing civil aviation, which means that its scrutiny in the Lower House will continue at the standing committee level.
The Ministry of Infrastructure and RCAA will be responsible for the implementation of the law once it is in place.


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This course bundle prepares you for the CompTIA Linux+ and the Novell Certified Linux Professional certification exams. These certifications are the ones companies care about, and these will improve your chances of finding a job in IT. In the course you will gain the ability to configure a Linux server, troubleshoot the boot process and create file systems.
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Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Vegas 2 makes lucky number 7 in the series. For both new Rainbox Six fans and old the game will meet all expectations for PC and console gamers.
Players join the plot after the events of Raven Shield with Bishop leading his team on a botched rescue of hostages in France. Crossing the sea to Vegas players find themselves attempting to stop a smuggle of chemical weapons from Mexico which is where the real story elements explored in this addition begin. With a large Vegas world of all the hot locations central to the game the environment promises a great visual experience.
As has already been eluded to Bishop is your main protagonist in Six Vegas 2 and when in the co-op game mode you'll be joined by Knight. Six Vegas 2 also adds a number of new customisation elements not previously available which allows you to create your own Bishop.
Most players will opt for the single player campaign which is story orientated but also includes the popular Terrorist Hunt mode that has been popular in the previous games (both of which support co-operative gameplay).
Gameplay is comparable to other games in the series with first person mode for the most of the game but players will enter into a third person mode when they take cover behind something in the game world.
Combining basic RPG elements into the game is the experience point system that rewards experience for kills. Trading in this experience for extra equipment players can become a more durable soldier or access dozens of weapons to alter their style across the campaign.
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Vegas 2 has all the foundations of the other games in the series but with enough new bells and whistles to make it worth a playthrough.
- A new Rainbow Six Vegas adventure.
- Play as Bishop and Knight (co-op).
- Gain experience for your kills and upgrade your available equipment.
- Play with others in multiplayer and co-operative game modes.
- For PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.
Review Platform: PC


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Green Optics participated in 'International LED & OLED EXPO 2018' held from Jun. 26th(Tue) to 28th(Thur) at 3th and 4th hall of KINTEX in Iisan and introduced various kinds of optical lenses.
Green Optics, which produces overall optical lenses, conducts its own processes from optical design using light, lighting design, part production, coating, assembly and up to light system analysis and evaluation on their own. Green Optics differentiates itself from other companies by executing all these processes in one company.
(Photo description: Many kinds of lenses. An 'aspherical lens' on the rightmost in the back row)
Green Optics produces lenses according to customers' request. The company has been occupying the upper ranks by producing high-quality lenses in particular areas. One of the lenses that Green Optics use the most is an 'aspherical lens'. A spherical lens uses multiple lenses to correct aberration which is a disadvantage. An 'aspherical lens' has an advantage to correct aberration with only one or two lenses.
Kim Taehun, an assistant Section Manager of global marketing department, Green Optics, said, "we are exporting products of civilian demands mainly to Denmark, and defense products mainly to Israel," and "we will do our best in exporting our products to Taiwan, the USA, and Japan." He continued to say, "We will make efforts to develop materials and systems," and "we are currently in a process to LLO equipment."
Global News Network 'AVING' by Lee Eun Sil ( )


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In "Splashes of Joy," Barbara Johnson said, "The glory of each morning is that it offers us a chance to begin again."
Christmas came and went. The New Year is here, and we are near the end of January. Time flies by.
I didn't get my annual Chistmas letter written this year or send out any cards. My New Year's goal is to send my yearly, greetings now to the wonderful people in my life. I decided it can be done anytime, it doesn't have to only be at Christmas.
I didn't expect to be spending New Year's Eve and New Year's Day in the motel. When I woke up Dec. 31, I looked out the window to see snow falling. A beautiful snow, not a wind-blown blizzard, but I knew I needed to go to the motel, so I called the post office to hold my mail delivery and packed my suitcase.
Where I live, it easily can drift my driveway shut and become impassable. After the snow stopped falling, the main city streets had been cleaned and the country roads had been cleared, but I didn't know if I could get in and out of my yard. I called Steve, my country neighbor, asking him to check the condition of my yard and driveway. The snow was deep, so Steve made a track for me to follow using the four-wheel drive. I'm so thankful for his help. There have been times in the past he needed to bring his tractor to open a path. When I got home, I cleaned off my steps and the walkway to the house.
Memories of past winters living on the farm north of Ellis came to mind. Jim and I lived there since 1960. In fact, our son Steven was born Jan. 11 that year. I remember Jim rushing me to the hospital. I ended up staying there for a week because it stormed and Jim couldn't get back to Hays. He helped my dad feed the cattle each day waiting for the country roads to be opened for travel.
Year after year, snows came. Jim would clear our yard with his Oliver tractor that had a blade but no cab; it was a cold job. We milked cows, a job that had to be done no matter what the weather was like. When our children were old enough to drive to school, they had a hard time making it up the hill. We didn't have four-wheel drive then, so they added sandbag weight in the trunk of their car to help them get out.
My snow memories are many. We made it through the winter each year, thankful for the moisture the snow brought for the good pastures and crops the following summer.
I'm not complaining about the snow now. We are in desperate need of moisture. It's just different now that I'm older and alone.
I've made a list of people to be thankful for. The paperboy and mailman -- we always expect the paper and mail to be delivered. The city and county workers work long hours clearing the roadways and streets so we can reach the places we need to go. We also expect businesses to be open, such as service stations and restaurants. We shouldn't forget the fellow who cleans the parking lots and all those who have to get to work to serve us. I wonder if we ever think about the many people who work during a snowstorm and the many things we should be thankful for. Let's not complain.
I also appreciate the radio and TV announcement about closings and cancellations. At this time of year, we should plan ahead, refill prescriptions, stock up on groceries and have the car filled with gas.
There have been times when my car door was frozen shut, and guess where my de-icer bottle was -- inside the car. I have to remember to take it into the house. The de-icer helps when the car windshield is iced over, easier than chipping away in the cold.
* * *
Groundhog Day is Saturday. Will Punxsutawney Phil see his shadow this year? Will we have more winter?
I want to invite you to the annual Groundhog supper beginning at 5 p.m. Saturday at St. John Lutheran Church, north of Ellis. Freewill offering for all you can eat of sausage, pancakes and scrambled eggs. Hope to see you there.
* * *
It is hard to believe the Generations page was started in November 2002. That was 10 years ago. Harry Watts will be missed by so many. He was part of all our lives in the community. I thank Harry for inviting Jim and I to be a part of the Generations page committee and The Hays Daily News for giving us a chance to find out we enjoyed sharing our stories with the readers of Page 5.
May each day of the New Year bring you things to be thankful for, and remember each morning you have a chance to begin again.
Opal Flinn is a member of the Generations Advisory Group.


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Patchogue, NY - The USMMA baseball team returned to the field, after missing the weekend due to weather, Thursday night but dropped an 11-4 decision at St. Joseph's (LI). Warren Hartmann (Wyckoff, NJ) paced the offense with two doubles, two RBI, and one run scored in the loss. The Golden Eagles scored 11 runs on just seven hits as the Mariner pitching staff surrendered eight walks.
Merchant Marine (9-6-1) got on the board in the top of the first as Danny Collins (Sleepy Hollow, NY) knocked a single to right-center field, bringing home Matthew Thomson (Memphis, TN). Hartmann doubled in Andrew MacKinnon (Buffalo, NY), who scored twice on the night, to knot the game at 2-2 in the top of the third. The Mariners rallied from two runs down in the fifth as Hartmann and Jake Martin (San Diego, CA) both delivered RBI hits.
St. Joseph's (LI) (6-10) broke the game open in the bottom of the fifth, plating five runs against the USMMA bullpen. Thomas Rubenstein supplied the biggest hit of the frame with a two-run double down the right field line. The home team added a pair of insurance runs in the sixth and the bullpen would keep the USMMA bats quiet to secure the 11-4 victory for the Golden Eagles.
The USMMA baseball team is scheduled to play three Landmark Conference games this weekend against Drew. Saturday's double header is set for 12:00 PM at the College of Staten Island while Sunday's game will be played at 12:00 PM at Mitchell Field on the campus of Nassau Community College in Hempstead, NY.


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Dolphin Store
Store is the version control system for VisualWorks. It uses a database to store methods and classes. Dolphin Store allows Dolphin to load bundles and packages from a VisualWorks Store repository.
To use Dolphin Store, you will need to download Glorp, SmaCC and also the Dolphin Store packages.
|Store-Database Model
|This package contains the Glorp data model for Store. It was ported from the VisualWorks 7.7 package.
|Dolphin Store
|This package contains the code that can load code from the Store-Database Model.
To use the Dolphin Store packages, you will first need to setup an ODBC connection to the data source. If you wish to connection to the Cincom public repository, you will need to install the PostgreSQL ODBC driver. Once the PostgreSQL driver is installed, you will need to install a DSN with Database=store_public, Server=store.cincomsmalltalk.com, User Name=guest, Password=guest. You will also need to change the Datasource options: check the "Unknown as LongVarChar" option and make the Max LongVarChar be something like 100000.
Once you have loaded the Dolphin Store package, you should have a "Dolphin Store" icon in the System Folder. You should be able to open the icon and login to your data source.
The pane on the left displays the bundles and packages that are in the repository. Bundles are displayed in bold text and packages in normal text. Selecting a bundle or package (pundle) displays the versions in the list at the top right. The text at the bottom right is the pundle's comment.
Both the pundle and version lists have pop up menus. The inspect options simply open an inspector on the Glorp database objects. The version list also allows you to load the version or inspect the refactoring change objects that would be executed if you performed a load. You can also load or inspect changes using a porting script. Porting scripts allow you to make some changes to the code as it is loaded so that it will work in Dolphin.
I've used the help port SmaCC and Glorp to Dolphin. I haven't used it for much else so there are likely several bugs. These are some of the bugs that I do know about:
- It isn't possible to load the bundle or package properties since these are stored in the VisualWorks binary object storage (BOSS) format. As a result, we aren't able to load post load actions, copyright notices, etc. from a package.
- Compiling a class with a missing superclass can cause walkbacks. In these cases you will need to create a porting script to change the superclass to one that Dolphin already defines or manually create the class in Dolphin before compiling.
- Methods with compile errors aren't created. You'll need to look for errors in the transcript. You can using a porting script to fix these errors when loading.
- Reloading a class where an instance variable is currently defined in a subclass fails. You will need to remove the subclass' variable before reloading.
- Reloading a bundle when a method has moved from one package to another may remove the method from Dolphin. If you load the bundle twice, the method should be loaded correctly.
If you know of other bugs you can email me.


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The British press loves to snipe at Top Gear, in part because Top Gear keeps giving them reasons to do that. But a new column in the Telegraph crosses the line from criticism into an illogical and clueless rant about cars, driverless cars, and women.
You know it's going to problematic from its headline, "How men fell out of love with the car." Sniffing columnist Neil Lyndon says he welcomes the advent of the self-driving car because it "might finally polish off Top Gear." Huh?
It will provide no opportunity for that wolfish grin at the camera as the speedometer hits 200 mph. There will be no more roaring "phwoar!" as the car smokes away its tyres in a doughnut spin. What special gifts and powers of control can the presenter claim when the car is travelling placidly through a corner under its own direction? What will be the purpose of the presenter at all, other than to tell us what book s/he is reading while the car is wending its serene way on the road?
Good lord, where do I even start here? First, there's the fact that Lyndon seems to cheer for the appliance-ification of automobiles. I don't even need to say why I disagree with that; if you're reading Jalopnik, you feel the same way.
But then Lyndon must think that within the next few years, all new cars — maybe even all cars — will be replaced with panda-looking robots with no pedals or steering wheels that putter around while we take naps in the back.
It's not going to be like that. Not for decades, at least, if ever. Most likely new cars will come with increasingly autonomous functions, as many of them already do. And if there's any category of car that will keep drivers involved, it will be sports cars — the kinds of cars Top Gear likes to test.
Do you actually think Ferrari will ever make an autonomous vehicle? Or that we'll ever get an autonomous Miata? Who would buy that, and how could a car company build a business case for such a vehicle? I refuse to believe that autonomous cars will put those companies out of business, either — there will always be drivers, especially at the higher ends of the spectrum.
So now that Lyndon has demonstrated he doesn't really know anything about the auto industry beyond a few headlines he's read about the Google Car, we move on to the worst part of his column: what it says about men and women.
Hasten the day. Top Gear has got a lot to answer for but one of its leading offences has been to outlaw cars as a subject for discussion in the presence of women. You can get away with politics or business at a dinner party (subjects that used to be forbidden in what was known as polite company). You might even be tolerated for five minutes with a strained smile if you bring up the subject of football. But mention cars and you invite the big sigh and the rolling eyes that go with the acid question "Oh dear: you boys aren't going to have one of those dreary Top Gear talks, are you?" Was there ever a woman who liked Top Gear?
The advent of the driverless car should mean that discussion of cars will become as gender-neutral as talking about the best iron to buy; or flat-screen television; or any other device essential to domestic life. Eliminating excitement and involvement from cars might make them boring but it will be almost worth the price. It won't make cars cool but it might, at least, make them admissible.
Emphasis mine. Oh man, my head is spinning after reading that.
What's truly and fundamentally flawed about Lyndon's column is that it is written from a perspective that cars are only for men, that driving and working on cars and racing are things solely to be enjoyed solely by men. It is a perspective that is dated, and sexist, and now in 2014, simply incorrect.
Yes, the auto world is one historically dominated by (white) men, but that's changing rapidly. This is good because it means more talented people will be brought into the fold. Has Lyndon not noticed that a woman runs General Motors these days? That women racing drivers compete at nearly every level of motorsports? Does he know women make most of the new car purchasing decisions now? He's a Brit; shouldn't he know that a woman is the deputy principal of the Williams Formula One team?
Hell, he should know that woman, Claire Williams, was just griping about how she's viewed differently from her male colleagues in the racing world. In the Telegraph. You know, the newspaper he works for. That one.
Also, Top Gear has female fans too. I'm not really sure how he can say it doesn't. It's fun to hear engine noises and watch crazy cars get sideways.
The auto industry and the culture that surrounds it has a long way to go toward including women, that's definitely true. But Lyndon's thesis seems to be that cars are for boys, and Top Gear has made cars so repugnant that they are alienating women entirely.
That simply isn't true, and it's an idea that prevents women from getting involved in cars and racing. It's part of a larger attitude that keeps women out of technical fields in general, whether it's automotive engineering or the tech sector or math and science.
Has Top Gear's childish nationalism, dalliances with casual sexism and occasional racism been a problem? Sure, but at the end of the day it's just a television show, and hardly one that's destroying car culture as a whole.
Speed is for everyone, and it's becoming more inclusive. That's a great thing. And neither driverless cars nor a TV show with some occasional eye roll-inducing moments will change that. I like to think of it as progress.