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What Is Intuition?
A Primer on Direct Knowing
- A Primer on Direct Knowing
- What is Intuition?
- Properties of Intuition
- Intuition in Society
- The Individual Is Key
- Opening the Intuitive Gate
- Inner and Outer
- Scholastic Attempts
- Intuition is Ever-Present
- The Source of Intuitive Information
- Faith, Belief and Knowledge
- Expert Intuitives, Intuitive Inquiry and Verification
- Applications of Intuition
- So What Then is Intuition?
Let's get acquainted now with what intuition actually is, its various features and its potential for application.
What is Intuition?
"An intuitive statement is one that you know is true even before you know why or how it is true." [N.D. Walsch]
Intuition is much more than what most people think it is. It is not just an intellectual topic to be pondered over by philosophers and psychologists. Nor is it a mere psychic stunt, though the best psychic performances are fine instances of intuition in action. As already mentioned, intuition can be responsible for occasional insights and hunches, but these may also arise from other sources in the human mind. While intuition often reveals itself through feelings, human feelings themselves are neither the generator nor the products of intuition, only vehicles for it.
Rather, intuition is the deeper mental faculty that underlies and makes possible a variety of behaviors, both ordinary and exceptional, in which new information appears in the mind without apparent cause. This appears strange but it is actually a natural, genuine and inborn capacity of the human mind for acquiring entirely new information, knowledge and understanding without the use of one's familiar faculties of reasoning, sensing and memory. This is a definition by exclusion, and intuition calls for a better one, but it is simple and correct and will suffice for the moment.
Properties of Intuition
The faculty of intuitive knowing belongs to everyone, not just a few "gifted" people. All of us use it every day of their lives, albeit to varying degrees and usually without much awareness of the extent to which it is being relied upon. We do not notice it because we ordinarily tend to credit its results to rational "thinking." This is incorrect because at the instant when intuitive information appears in the mind rational activity is bypassed—there is no "thought" at all. In fact the most common barrier to clear intuitive reception is residual thought which has not been fully shut off.
As we shall soon see, this natural and inherent capacity for direct knowing is available to all who want to develop it further into a practical skill. The skill then allows one to apply it intentionally whenever any kind of new information, knowledge or understanding is needed. Relatively few persons in our Western society choose to take this deliberate step but the untapped potential continues to exist. This is shown by those who have done so and practice its use so they can testify to these promised consequences, which are described and explained in the following pages.
Intuitive knowing is available to all who wish to develop it further into a practical skill.
This is a strong claim for a universal human capability which we would expect to have recognized and widely utilized long ago. It is not new at all, and there are reasons for its neglect, as we shall see. However, our main task is to understand better its characteristics and the intuitive reception process itself.
Intuition in Society
We need to appreciate first of all that intuitive insights have for ages been responsible for mankind's most valuable ideas, visions, revelational dreams, serendipities, decisions and creativity. These accomplishments take place first internally, within the mind and largely out of view of waking consciousness and its limited attempts to create them on its own.
Moving outward from this internal mental source and into its immediate manifestation, intuition has had a indirect but broad impact upon man's most worthy practical endeavors. It cuts across all disciplines, professions, institutions and organized social activities—science and religion, politics and justice, national and global, educational and experiential, commercial and private. Intuitive knowing is behind almost every human activity in which the acquisition of new knowledge and understanding play a significant part.
These societal enterprises expend immense resources in their attempts to acquire new knowledge through the gathering of data, communication, analysis, experimentation and various kinds of research. It is difficult to name a field of human activity that does not involve the acquisition of new knowledge to at least some degree. Man's intuitive skills, applied almost always only feebly and unconsciously, have played a hidden but significant role in all these societal endeavors.
Of course, society's greatest, most difficult problems—overpopulation, war and aggression, poverty, ignorance and environmental destruction—are limited more by a lack of individual and political will than a shortage of knowledge. Widespread changes in human consciousness must occur before these heavy challenges can be brought under control and resolved. Even here, though, intuitive knowing can play a constructive part by providing the right kinds of new knowledge to support these large collective efforts. At the least it may soften our miseries until we can work out better answers.
The Individual Is Key
"Intuition is more than a tool. It is a way of being in the world." [Sharon Franquemont]
Intuition's greatest relevance to human well being lies less in the social arena than through the central role it plays in each person's individual life, the essence and purpose behind his own existence and development. Man himself stands above and beyond all groups, societies, nations and planets, all of which exist only to support his existence, growth and expansion, directly or indirectly, and individually before collectively, not the other way around. Physical reality and the known universe did not create man, as science has been trying to persuade us, and our thinking minds are urging us to believe. In a very real sense man has created the reality in which he lives, his own domain and his own destiny. Any and all changes must originate with him.
This grand picture of man's purpose and destiny has always been known to a minority of mystics, philosophers, and enlightened persons throughout human history. During this new century it appears to be gradually floating upward toward a much wider awareness. The relevance of conscious experience in generating this new understanding, and its intimate connection with the core part of our inner selves, are becoming clearer. Intuition and the practices for intentionally enhancing it—meditation, prayer, deep contemplation, a developed sense of inner peace—can be seen as the key means for gaining access to this interior domain and then living it with an enlarged sense of purpose and direction.
Opening the Intuitive Gate
The intuitive gate is the individual entry point where this inner knowledge can be recognized most easily. It first becomes noticed, then important, then a personal priority, then a call for positive action, and finally an instigator of life change. In recent decades and in many areas of life intuition has already begun to be adopted as an accepted gateway. Those sufficiently motivated are awakening to the normally obscure and unconscious parts of themselves, the deeper realms that can be released through an increase in intention, attention and will. These three faculties alone can reshape all daily thoughts, beliefs and choices, for they govern in turn the entire drama of an individual life. Intuition is very much involved in the practice of all three.
Those who have learned how to activate and cooperate with their natural intuitive capacity have gained a powerful and practical "tool" for functioning constructively and effectively in today's dynamic world—as leader, teacher, creator, implementer, accomplisher, healer or direct server of others. They have grown themselves into the higher level of consciousness, which is a long-term personal fulfillment for themselves and for everyone with whom they are involved. Intuitive knowing is their principal ally along this path of self-knowing, greater self-understanding and personal expansion.
Inner and Outer
"Man cannot persist long in a conscious state; he must throw himself back into the unconscious, for his root lives there." [Goethe]
So in the simplest of terms, intuition is one's personal communication channel between his thinking, awake and conscious mind and his inner, largely unknown, mysterious and usually obscure unconscious mind. The human unconscious, which we experience only indirectly through subjective processes such as feelings, impressions, sensations, emotions, dreams and intuition, holds this invisible domain in place, always ready for awakening. (An overactive intellect and unregulated emotions are off to the side, not directly involved and more of hindrance than a help.) Most important of all, the unconscious mind is the locus of one's individual essence, core, beingness and true identity. It is the root of his primary power, deep self-knowing and central life purpose. It is also the link to his cosmic origin and the ultimate source of life energy. Intuition provides the primary communicative access to this essence. What more could you possibly need if you want to "know thyself"?
Intuition is man's communication link between his inner and outer minds and it bridges this all too familiar gap.
Yes, intuition may be regarded as a mere phenomenon to be studied by scholars, but it may also be seen as a natural part of life, just as we view intelligence, creativity, imagination, kindness, empathy, even the capacity to speak a language. It's not so special, you see, but it is also not noticed until brought to attention. Even then, it remains inactive until developed and used. Desert people never learn to swim. A child never spoken to never learns to speak. The ability to learn to receive new knowledge intuitively is natural and potential in everyone. It may be intentionally developed, perfected and then utilized for one's personal growth and enhancement—among various other purposes, as we shall soon see.
Scholastic Attempts
"Of all the hard facts of science, I know of none more solid and fundamental than the fact that if you inhibit thought, and persevere, you come at length to a region of consciousness below or behind thought … and a realization of an altogether vaster self than that to which we are accustomed. … All minor questions and doubts fall away in face of it." [Edward Carpenter]
Another way to approach intuition is through its relation to the various knowledge disciplines studied by scholars, taught in educational institutions, written up in books and accumulated in man's huge base of shared knowledge in philosophy, psychology, literature, science, medicine, history, etc. Unfortunately, the subject does not fit well into any of them, and it has never attracted their attention or been seriously investigated. These fields have barely acknowledged intuition and have come up with very little to explain it in familiar terms. Intuition has had to stumble along as an aspect of parapsychology and mysticism, on the fringe of psychology, and most recently in "edge science" where it is showing a few signs of being better recognized.
Intuition can be regarded as a subject of research, of course, either to study empirically how it works, in psychiatric, neurophysiological or psychological terms. It may also be explored as a practical art, to determine its limits and seek out ways to use it effectively. The latter option is the approach to intuition taken at CAI.
Intuition is Ever-Present
Many persons recognize intuition only in their dreams, reveries an emotional crises, in young childhood and near death, in moments when the outer mind is at ease and the inner mind is more inclined to reveal itself. I've known many persons who deny the very existence of intuition. They presume that their thinking and five senses are responsible for all of the knowledge they have acquired. But this makes no sense at all. Intuition as a human capability is always present, and it is used by everyone every day as an essential companion to rational thought and sensing. The Western intellectual mind is inclined to mistakenly credit intuition's perceptions, ideas and insights to the busy intellect, but this cannot be, for the intellect is not capable of such activity.
Most people mistakenly credit intuition's most common manifestations to the busy intellect.
Some suppose that intuition has a religious, emotional or spiritual basis, which may be partly true simply because it is so much involved in our deepest inner experiences, which we may think of as spiritual. An active intuition can certainly enhance one's religious or spiritual life. However, it is no more or less "spiritual" than the other human capacities just mentioned—or any more than all life is spiritual, which it obviously is.
The Source of Intuitive Information
"Intuition is the source or the bestower of revelation. Through intuition, progressive understanding of the ways of God in the world, and on behalf of humanity, are revealed." [Alice Bailey]
For many centuries before this present scientific era intuitive knowledge was widely recognized and accepted in society at large. It was speculated upon by its major thinkers, who wondered about its source: where does all this knowledge come from? Every major religion and philosophy had its own term for this source: the Veda, God's Book of Remembrance, the Akashic Records, the Book of Life, the Greek nous (from which our words noetic and gnosis derive) and most recently the Collective Unconscious. These names are convenient labels but not informative in themselves, for they do not tell us what or where the source is except something vague and unseen and outside of ordinary waking consciousness.
Whatever it might be, this gigantic reservoir is certainly too large and long lasting to fit into a finite human brain, or even a person's DNA, so it must be abstract—i.e., non-physical—yet somehow accessible to an inquiring mind. This is not much different from human language, for example, which is also abstract, invisible and ubiquitous yet not readily explainable in familiar terms, even though we can speak it every day. Similarly, our inability to explain intuition need not prevent us from making good use of it.
Faith, Belief and Knowledge
Intuition seems similar to "faith," which in the best sense of the word denotes an unshakable knowing, a deep-seated certainty and a transcendence of sense and reason. It is also called "the evidence of things not seen." All of these properties are shared by intuitive knowing. Rational minds are not comfortable with the notion of faith because it seems to demand acceptance without any reasonable basis. This is literally true because faith, like intuition, does not depend upon reason and is complementary to it. Faith and intuition may differ in the means used to acquire them, but the result is substantially the same.
Perhaps more to the point of the difference, faith has a strong association with religion, which has had to get along for centuries without the substantiated an empirical body of knowledge about the material world that science now provides. Religion's unifying authority lay in a collection of beliefs which were dubbed as faith—not necessarily wrong or right but richly infused with irrational and inconstant superstitions which had more to to with mental control and social power then with genuine knowledge. Science struggled successfully to separate itself from these beliefs, but in the process it disdained all religious faith in favor of its own. The old faith honored intuition as a valid means of access to truth, but its replacement unfortunately excluded intuition as a rejected superstition, and it is being recovered only with difficulty.
Intuitive knowing transcends belief, which we may rightly define as tentative individual knowledge awaiting personal validation before it is fully accepted as genuine personal knowledge. If a belief were already known we would not feel it necessary to argue, defend and preach for it, as we so often do whenever we are not quite sure of something. Believing in God, for example, is a very different state of mind than knowing God.
Knowledge is by its nature an individual thing, and the step to collective knowledge requires an institutional vehicle such as religion or science to socialize it and make it widely "acceptable." Thus we may speak today of "scientific knowledge" as if it is a property of the natural world instead of a fabricated construction. In fact its physicalist perspective has left out so much of the natural world, mainly the human mind, that it repeatedly creates difficulties when its otherwise abundant knowledge is applied.
The "information" accessible through intuition consists not only of objective physical facts—statements that can be said to be true or false and may be proven as valid—but also subjective knowledge in the form of comprehensive understanding, broad perspectives, novel ideas and experiential knowing. None of these is describable compactly and verbally but it still constitutes important individual knowledge. Intuition feeds both kinds. Each person's accumulation of private self-knowledge is a crucial part of his evolving relationship with the greater reality of which he is a part. As he encounters challenges along his path of life, intuition nourishes him in the form of musing, reveries, insights and dreams by giving him "information" of a higher order than mere facts. This process may remain largely unconscious, but it may be made conscious if he so chooses, as part of his healthy "mind diet."
Expert Intuitives, Intuitive Inquiry and Verification
"Invention occurs as a constructive act. … The really valuable factor is intuition." [Albert Einstein]
While few persons are aware of the intuitive process continually working within their minds, everyone has the potential to recognize this inner resource, learn to bring it under control and then develop it so as to acquire fresh information, knowledge and understanding as needed. Those who have developed the skill to do this well I call expert intuitives, for lack of a better term. They are able to answer questions, their own or when requested by other persons, and then communicate what they have received as may be necessary.
All of the novel intuitive information presented on this site and in its associated publications was obtained from these expert intuitives, using a procedure called intuitive inquiry. To an observer this method appears similar to ordinary interviews as conducted by news reporters, police inspectors and courtroom examiners. There are important differences, however, because the questions for intuitive inquiries must be carefully prepared and posed to remove ambiguities, biases, hidden assumptions, unclear motives and any "leading" toward particular answers one might desire or expect. Typical interviews do not meet this standard.
Experience reported elsewhere on these pages has shown that when this preparation is carried out properly, the answers received step up to a higher level of accuracy, clarity and depth. These qualities are paramount for factual, complex and unfamiliar subject matter, for which unreliable information, intuitive or any other, is almost worthless. For personal information they are less crucial, since the human mind can usually compensate, but serious errors are still possible without careful preparation of the posed questions.
The inquirer may also choose to employ the method of intuitive consensus, which combines parallel and agreeing responses from three or more intuitives to the same questions. Consensus is not always necessary, since the responses are normally almost identical, but it is still sometimes useful for particular subject matter and when the client's questions cannot be controlled.
Validation of intuitive information is also important. It may be perfect and accurate at the source from which it originates, whatever that may be, but by the time it passes through the intuitive's and inquirer's minds it is subject to distortion, and external means must be employed to check it. If you are your own expert intuitive then further confirmation may not be necessary, but otherwise new intuitive information must always be checked by independent means before it can be trusted to be correct, given to others and usefully applied. This step of confirmation, also discussed in detail elsewhere, may be called validation or verification. Various external sources can be called upon for this purpose—libraries, internet, journals, authorities from the university, and scientific experiments, analysis and proof. All are secondary approximations to the direct perception of the individual expert intuitive before it is spoken, which source may be taken as close to the truth that one may rightly expect from any source.
New intuitive information must always be independently confirmed before it is fully trusted and applied.
Applications of Intuition
CAI has always emphasized applied intuition, its practical and useful side, in contrast to academic, intellectual or philosophic attempts to create a new body knowledge from it. Applied intuition also diverges from popular activities such as psychism, channeling, psi phenomena, spirits, etc. which were so active in the 1970s and 1980s and still entertain today. Both of these other two approaches undoubtedly have their place as awakeners and inspiration, but they are too narrow and limited to support the generation of a broader understanding of intuition within society at large.
CAI therefore focused on ten specific and potential applications of intuition for its long-term program. They varied from technical and specialized to those of general interest, from readily verifiable to those that will never be verified, and from highly personal use to those with of broad societal impact. Four of them turned out to be susceptible to formal verification by scientific criteria; these generated abundant evidence that the intuitive information was correct, novel and responsive to the questions asked, though it took a long time for this confirmation to accumulate. For four others not so amenable to verification many points and insights attained a high level of credibility and usefulness by common standards. They may be verifiable in the future. The last two consisted of intimate and detailed counseling and consulting inquiries to assist private individuals and several companies. These required neither consensus nor external verification but generated a high degree of client satisfaction. They were probably the most humanly effective, and for those of us at CAI were certainly the most immediately satisfying of all the applications.
So What Then is Intuition?
With this background, intuition can now be defined as the human mental capability for drawing on an apparently unlimited source of knowledge (the collective unconscious or whichever name you prefer) to obtain almost any desired information, including that not accessible by common means. This capability bypasses the rational faculty, the familiar five senses and ordinary memory, which are not required and can even hinder the reception process. Intuition is an active part of what is usually called "thinking," though it remains unrecognized, unappreciated and undeveloped by most persons. At the same time, it is an innate and completely natural faculty that may be developed, by anyone wishing to do so, into a useful skill, thereby making it readily accessible.
The many properties and qualities of intuition cited above as "another way of knowing" follow directly from this definition and these primary properties. They reveal an untapped potential whose further exploitation and application could have a profound impact at all levels of human life that are dependent upon information, knowledge and understanding, and even in the deeper levels of the psyche which connect man with his cosmic origin and govern all inspiration and creativity.


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Sir John Zochonis
We, at the Royal African Society extend our deepest condolences to the family and friends of Sir John Zochonis, who died aged 84 on 30 November 2013, was an industrialist and philanthropist and for many years a supporter of the RAS individually and through his family's company.
Sir John Zochonis part of the Zochonis trading dynasty that made their fortune importing raw goods including coffee, groundnuts and palm produce from West Africa into the UK. Later the company, under Sir John's chairmanship branched into pharmaceuticals and home products, acquiring and growing the famous Imperial Leather brand.
Sir John was born Altrincham, Cheshire on 2 Oct 1929 and was educated at Corpus Christi College in Oxford where he was awarded a B.A. (Hons) Law. In 1953 he joined Paterson Zochonis and became a Director of P Z Cussons in 1957.
The company is now PZ Cussons, and remains in family control with annual profits of over £90 million. Sir John retired from active business in 1990. He devoted himself to philanthropy and development, serving on the board of the Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC). He maintained a commitment to Africa as a place where his family had prospered, and was a great supporter of the work of the Royal African Society, and its sister organisation, the African Studies Association.
In partnership with the Royal African Society and the African Studies Association, he established the Mary Kingsley Zochonis Trust in 1992 to sponsor academics from the continent to give an annual lecture to the African Studies Association conference.
In keeping with his self-effacing and humble temperament he was reluctant to have the lecture include the Zochonis family name, but as he said in his letter to Sir Michael Caine, then Chairman of the society, "I don't normally like my name being connected with any charitable gift, but in view of the family's connection with West Africa over the last hundred years, it would seem not unfitting."
Sir John also gave generously to numerous organisations working in the North-West of England where his family traded, and was one of the first and principal financial supporters of the Caine Prize, now the most prestigious prize for African literature published in English.
Sir John Zochonis is survived by his wife Brigid Demetriades (nee Smyth).
There will be a Memorial Service for Sir John in Manchester Cathedral on Tuesday 28 January 2014 at 2pm.
The Mary Kingsley Zochonis Trust
Some of the lectures and lecturers the trust has supported since it was established include:
Mr Kabba Bangura
Adapting to Climate Change: Coping with the Effect of Weather Changes in Rural Sierra Leone
Dr. Hassan Sachedina
Will Carbon Finance Revolutionize the Face of Conservation in Africa
Dr James Muzondidya
The Zimbabwean Crisis and the Unresolved Conundrum of Race in the Post-colonial Period
Dr Kasaija Phillip Apuuli
The International Criminal Court and Implications for Conflicts in the Horn of Africa Region
Dr Garnette Oluoch-Olunya, Kenyatta University, Kenya
Letter of James to the People of Limuru
Dr Timothy Kimathi Murithi, Addis Ababa University
Under-Mining Africa: the Illicit Trade in Natural Resources and its impact on Peacebuilding and Development
Prof Abdalla Adamu, Bayero University, Kano
Transglobal media flows and African popular culture: revolution and reaction in Muslim Hausa popular culture
Dr Joyce Nyairo, Moi University, Kenya
Modify: Jua Kali as a metaphor for African urban ethnicities & cultures
Dr Charles Ukeje, Ile-Ife University
A Farewell to Innocence? African Youths and the Challenges of the 21st Century
HE Dr Salim Ahmed Salim
Former Secretary General of the OAU
Dr Ennie Chipembere, University of Zimbabwe
Dr Thokozani Xaba, University of Natal, Durban
Dr George Abungu, National Museum of Kenya
Wangari Maathai, The Green Belt Movement, Nairobi
Professor Penina Mlama, University of Dar-es-Salaam
Dr Akin Euba, Hon Visiting Prof, Music, City Univ
Dr Emeka Nwabueze, University of Nigeria at Nsukka

subset: commoncrawl


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February 2014
Alison Barker
Cultural Crossroads
The Third Space of Nnedi Okorafor's Kabu Kabu
I like to believe there is a living room inside my head. I think I first started decorating the room when I was around ten or eleven, maybe younger. The private room inside my head contains only the things that through life's love-worn experiences have proven the most important to me. It has a wide, built-in bookcase with a small gathering of well-worn books that in any other library would have little cause to mingle: John Bellairs's Anthony Monday series, Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo, and Dorothy Allison's Skin, to name a few. Their pages are warped with my palm sweat, fossilized evidence of my roller-coaster anticipation, glee, and a peculiar, delicious discomfort. A giant armchair that is both impossibly soft and strong sits by a floor-to-ceiling window that opens onto a rickety balcony, over a perpetually foggy expanse of marsh. (My grey matter?) I like to think of this living room as a place to check-in intellectually with the ideas and dreams that began in my childhood. I am slow to add new books to the bookcase. It serves to remind me of where I come from (intellectually, that is) as I travel through life.
It wasn't until I read Kabu Kabu that I decided perhaps this living room is my way of fortifying my process of making meaning, my "happy place" that protects against external forces that seek control and influence over my mind.
In Kabu Kabu, Nnedi Okorafor's ability to convince me of her imagery and her insistence that there is a third space -- possibly created by the double consciousness of her African-descended Western characters -- mesmerized me and left me wanting a three-book epic.
And, ever-eager to find metaphors that leap tall buildings in single bounds, I humbly offer the suggestion that a kabu kabu, the titular, magical, illegal mini-van cab in Ms. Okorafor's Kabu Kabu, operates similarly to my brain's living room in that it preserves important aspects of a culture while it travels. In its preservation, though, that culture is changed, and therein exists the "third space" of narration and meaning making by a book that seems to exist fully in African, American and fantasy cultures.
"I'm not a perfect fit anywhere."
This is how Ms. Okorafor responded to Jeremy L.C. Jones's question, "When you look out on the literary landscape, where do you see yourself?" in a 2009 interview with online sci-fi and fantasy magazine Clarkesworld.
Thank goodness for that. Okorafor, whose first novel for adults, Who Fears Death, was reviewed at Bookslut by Kylee Stoor, has also written Akata Witch, Zahrah the Windseeker, The Shadow Speaker, Long Juju Man, and the forthcoming Lagoon and Akata Witch 2: Breaking Kola. Just as Stoor noted in her October 2010 review, the complexity of Okorafor's plots defy easy synopsis. This is because she often combines quest elements with realistic fiction. And fantasy.
The first of the twenty-one stories in Kabu Kabu is entitled "The Magical Negro," and it sets the selfsame trope on its head with a brief allusion to countless fantasy stories with white protagonists who gain insight and wisdom from a magical Negro. These two stereotypical figures meet, and the white hero considers the Magical Negro's facial features, dialect and skin color, and wonders if the man is a trick on his brain, a manifestation of evil shadows who seek to control him. And then the Magical Negro reaches the end of his patience with this old narrative, tired of countless white men before him seeking wisdom in life-or-death scenarios that configure the Magical Negro into a buttress for uninspired racist myths: "'Sheeit,' he drawled, looking directly at you. 'You need to stop reading all this stupidness. The Magical Negro ain't about to get his ass kicked no more. Them days is ovah.'"
The Magical Negro doesn't reappear in the book, but he acts as emcee to the ensuing performance. The opening serves as a reminder of what many of Okorafor's characters speak back to: the uselessness of persistent, inaccurate, and out-dated ideas generated by the colonial dichotomy between Africa and the West.
I found myself focusing again and again on how this collection of stories and its titular novella, co-written by Alan Dean Foster, are preoccupied with meaning making. The novella is about Ngozi, a Chicago attorney of Igbo Nigerian descent, who tries and fails to make her first flight to her sister's wedding in Nigeria. She is whisked away in a kabu kabu, an illegal cab, hand inlaid with colorful glass beads and cowrie-shell rosaries. Outside the cab Ngozi is a successful, independent woman. Inside, the Nigerian driver feels free to comment on her lack of ass, her dada dreadlocks, and Ngozi is confronted with the feeling that no matter how independent she becomes, there will always be a degree to which her Nigerian culture will treat her in specific gendered ways. Ngozi is suspicious of the driver just as any cultural outsider might be, and in this way Okorafor invites western readers outside of the Nigerian diaspora to relax in her westernized narrators' attitudes.
The collection feels all at once personal and universal: Okorafor tends to use female protagonists to explore cultural crossroads, a preponderance of bold, Technicolor imagery, convincing scenarios of near-future bioterrorism and mash-ups of ancestral and natural forces that rebel against humans' constant pursuit of control. Vivid images serve to combine Okorafor's interest in technology, Igbo folk icons, and the intersection of rural and urban lifestyles: a monstrous lizard made of hot gravel performs a nightmarish coming of age for a Chicago beat cop, a vampiric cab passenger suited from head-to-toe in Armani teaches an American-Nigerian attorney to watch her belongings, a spinning, seven-foot car wash brush turns into a ceremonial masquerade and then provides a portal to African ancestral homelands, and a Porta-Potty sits above an underground vat of kidnapped children. That list barely scratches the surface.
The funny things is, the more fantastical the imagery, the more personal and sacred the space feels in Kabu Kabu. Legendary Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, whose Things Fall Apart was an inspiration for Okorafor's first adult novel, often spoke about the advantage he possessed as a writer raised at the crossroads of western and African cultures. His first and best-known novel illustrates his genius ability to create and inhabit a third space from which he created African and western characters. Okorafor's stories remind me more of Wells Tower's "Everything Ravaged, Everything Burned," George Saunders's "Sea Oak," and perhaps a little of Randall Kenan's A Visitation of Spirits, but her success in creating a new spaces that disrupt expectations and still feel old and personal -- this is what reminds me of Achebe. The late Achebe wrote in Home and Exile that he had great hope in the twenty-first century's "first fruits of the balance of stories among the world's people's." Perhaps he would consider Okorafor's work among them.
Many of Kabu Kabu's stories depict the struggle between individual human agency and destiny, and Okorafor complicates this struggle with a third element: the ways that humans, on a collective scale, have attempted to foist their control over a natural world that they do not understand. Okorafor has said, "I love the idea of the earth rebelling," and this comes through in this collection. In Kabu Kabu, Chicago's South Wabash Avenue, X-Men, and cybernetic arm transplants mingle with palm wine, arro-yo origin myths, and the lingering effects of the Biafran war. In fact, the earth is a character in most of these stories. Sometimes it's in cahoots with human ancestors, sometimes not.
I don't know that Okorafor has a living room in her brain. Her writing is so active I don't know if her creative home could be housed in a living room. Maybe it's a gathering of real and supernatural creatures, inside a kabu kabu that swerves around street corners at high speed. It is difficult to review a collection as a single work, and this collection is gathered from very disparate sections of Okorafor's writing. She annotates each story in the back of the book with a description of the story's origin, and often, the stories have been mined from her first unpublished book. A writer shows a lot about how she thinks with her writing and arrangement, but the annotations at the back of Kabu Kabu illustrate this directly, and reading each piece and deciding whether to read its description before or after was part of the fun in reading each story.
Kabu Kabu will stop long enough for you to jump in and buckle up. The further you read into her collection, the longer you'd like to be a permanent passenger in Okorafor's transatlantic, transworld kabu kabu.


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Today we have a fun blog post for y'all! The gals at Sweetgrass Social decided to compile our favorite bridal gowns from the designers new 2014 collections. There are so many to choose from but we finally narrowed it down to our top choices. We hope you love them just as much as we do!
Our Co-Owner and full service wedding planner Jacqueline Volz picked these dresses below!
is look. I love the embellishment at the top that glams it up!


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nicklas-contest precisava de um novo design de logo e criou um concurso na 99designs.
Um vencedor foi selecionado entre 42 designs enviados por 17 designers freelancers.
Want to design a logotype for our company? We will pay you 100 $! I hope you are as excited designing as we are finding an eager artist.
Unilistings UK
Accepted File Formats:
PSD, TIFF, Or high quality JPEG
Unilistings UK is a company that focus on IT consultancy and management business, located, as the company name itself implies, in the United Kingdom.
We are looking for any designer wanting to develop our logotype. Our only requirement is that the company name "Unilistings UK" is visible, otherwise please use your creativity as you see fit.
Good luck!
Saiba como um concurso de design funciona ou leia mais sobre nossos serviços de design de logo.


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Remember when a full-scale building graphic knocked your socks off? Maybe it was a mural or an advertisement for an event. Did you think: "How did they do that?" These images are simply impossible to ignore and create an impressive statement for any business that uses them. In the past, only a few could afford this type of awe-inspiring treatment. Today, thanks to advances in materials and printing technology, building wraps are affordable for many. Yet they are still rare and thus capable of capturing attention like no other building sign.
The same is true of large-scale banners or building "covers" in either mesh fabric or high visibility vinyl sheeting. Add a panel to adjacent fencing or create a hanging marquee for special promotions or to advertise events. These super-sized graphics can also be suspended from temporary poles to span large areas for maximum visibility.
Want to monopolize the sightline of pedestrian and vehicle traffic in your area? Work with an Image360 Pittsburgh West representative to learn more about the ultra-large, exterior sign and graphics options available today. We'll perform a site assessment and create a computer-generated design that's placed on an image of your building, so you can see exactly the level of "WOW" that's possible.
Click on any of the images to look through your many choices in our banners on buildings. Our building wrap solutions include measuring, custom design and fabrication as well as installation and take down. Then, drop into Image360 Pittsburgh West to discuss your ideas.
Ready to take the next step? Schedule a consultation with Image360 Pittsburgh West by clicking the "Start a Conversation" button below or calling directly 412-922-0422.
Other Resources:
5 Star Rating!
I have been working with Dave & team for over two years now. From the very start, they impressed me with their efficient, professional, and customer focused manner. Their approach not only inspired my confidence in their organization, but has forged a fantastic business relationship that I believe will carry on for years to come.
5 Star Rating!
Just wanted to take a moment to thank David Barringer, vice president of Allegra Pittsburgh & Image360 Pittsburgh West for all you do for our firm. Your understanding of our business and philosophy has allowed our thinking to work together to develop the highest level of marketing materials, both traditional and technological. It is terrific to have you as part of our small business team.
5 Star Rating!
Fantastic is the best way to describe the team at Allegra Pittsburgh & Image360 Pittsburgh West. From regional marketing to local youth fundraisers, all of our joint projects are received with the same enthusiasm and attention to detail. Allegra & Image360 offers quality products, services and people which make all the difference.
5 Star Rating!
Dave Jones /Dave Barringer and their team at Allegra Pittsburgh & Image360 Pittsburgh West are not only thorough; they are also easy to work with. I felt they were always looking out for Deep Wells' best interest. They are, without a doubt, one of our top vendors and will be a part of our team for years to come.


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This is in regards to a specific negative review, and others like it, about Universal Technical Institute. I graduated from UTI in Houston, January 2005.
Never ONCE was an associates degree mentioned. Everybody there knew it was a certificate only. You're either a liar or an ***. After graduation, I went through PTAP (Porsche) training in Atlanta, for FREE.
Afterwards, I had 22 job offers. Yes, 22! I started off at 50k per year, and 10 years later, I finally broke the 100k barrier. That's working 8-5, Monday through Friday.
All that extra time and money allowed me to attend college part-time, and I earned a Bachelors in Adult Education. As of this writing, I am now a technical trainer for another manufacturer. I make a bit less money, for now, but the benefits are excellent, and I travel to Europe about four times a year for train-the-trainer meetings. I have an awesome career!
YOUR problem, and it is YOUR problem, is that you want to make excuses for YOUR failures. You're one of those guys I remember from UTI, convinced you know everything, and too lazy to put in the work. And I call *** on those good grades you got. All my fellow students with good grades, and good attendance, were offered further FREE training, and a GUARANTEED job, with the various manufacturer apprentice programs.
I, for example, took the basic Automotive courses, no diesel or HVAC. Out of 16 courses, I was "student of the course" 12 times. My combined class and lab average was a 98.6. Oh, and I didn't miss class or show up late, either.
I worked my butt off to ensure I was one of the 12 students chosen every 6 months to attend PTAP. Guys, don't listen to this clown. He couldn't cut it, and now he wants to bad mouth UTI so his friends and family won't think he's a loser. Well, they may not know it, but REAL technicians do.
Real technicians who went to quality, proven schools like UTI, Wyo-tech, and Lincoln Tech, and put in the work. And one final thought for those of you who are reading this, and trying to decide on a technical school: if UTI is so bad, why would Porsche, BMW, Mercedes, VW, Audi, Volvo, Infinity, Nissan, Ford, etc., trust them with their apprentice programs?
Why would they draw their pool of applicants from there? Think about it.


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Your Silver Fillings May Contain Harmful Mercury Amalgam
Millions of people out there have so-called 'silver' fillings in their mouths. In reality, these fillings are known as 'mercury amalgam' fillings and are made from a combination of metals, called an amalgam. This combination might include amalgan, mercury, tin, and copper. In recent years, the use of mercury in the mix has caused much outcry because of the toxicity of mercury as a substance. The reason it is used in fillings because it helps make the mixture pliable. This way it can be pressed into the teeth more easily and the process goes by more smoothly.
Replacing Old Silver Fillings
Resulting from fears of mercury toxicity and from older fillings wearing down over time, many people have started having their silver fillings replaced with new composite fillings that are the same color as teeth. Opinions tend to vary regarding the toxicity of mercury in amalgam fillings, and you'll find no shortage of information from both sides with just a little searching.
With new and sophisticated testing, it is possible to detect mercury vapors being released from silver fillings, but exact levels, or their effect on the human body, is still under evaluation. Testing is likely to continue, and if there ever is specific proof that the mercury in silver fillings causes damage to health, there will likely be a lot more people opting to have them removed. If you have dental phobias, ask your dentist what your options are.
Natural Looking Teeth
Another reason that people like to have their silver fillings replaced with white ones is because they don't like all that silver and dark in there whenever they smile. Some people have accumulated many silver fillings over the years, and every time they smile or sometimes even talk, it is clearly visible.
Make sure you keep an eye on your amalgam fillings for any signs of cracks or breakage. There are some dental experts who believe removing the silver fillings can release even more mercury than keeping them in, so if you end up taking this route make sure you ask questions to get all the facts. Otherwise, have them replaced if they are damaged, or if you want all white when you smile.


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Isa SunGuard Discontinued in the U.S., Canada & Puerto Rico
Isagenix is committed to providing you with the highest-quality, solutions-based products available on the market. As we continue to expand to provide the next generation of new and improved products, we must make room for them by evaluating current consumer demand and product life cycle. Starting in May, we will no longer be offering Isa SunGuard™.


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Centigon Solutions will soon be announcing a FleXcelsius boot camp training opportunity for a limited number of participants, to take place at our San Diego location.
We wanted to reach out in advance to gather preferences on what you would like to learn and any particular SDK pain points that you would like to have addressed. Please leave comments on this post regarding a preferred agenda and please email me if you're interested in attending.
Evan DeLodder is a Senior Software Engineer focused on the development and application of cutting edge Rich Internet Application technologies in the Business Intelligence space. To learn more about him, please visit our new FleXcelsius page.


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[How the Swans Came to the Lake: A Narrative History of Buddhism in America . Rick Fields, Shambhala, Boston & London; 1992 (1981)]
Back to 1975, and another in our on-going series of fugitive Ginsberg interviews. This one's with the much-missed Rick Fields, author of How The Swans Came To The Lake (A Narrative History of Buddhism in America). It's a transcription from his radio show, Open Secret. The subject, the curious connection between Buddhism and William Carlos Williams.
RF: ..Naropa was founded in 1974 by Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche in order to provide an environment in which the Eastern and Western intellectual traditions, as well as sensory and intuitive approaches, can interact, and in which these disciplines can be grounded in the students' personal experiences. My name is Rick Fields, and today we have Allen Ginsberg who teaches Poetics at Naropa Institute.
AG: Ah
RF: Thank you Allen. What is the relationship between Buddhist meditation and the kind of poetry you're teaching at Naropa?
AG: Well the meditation and the poetry being taught both have in common the cultivation of basic awareness or noticing of details. In Buddhism, sometimes, the basic forms of sitting, (which involves sitting in a chair quietly, paying attention to the breath coming out of your nostril and dissolving into space, as a place to put your attention and watch your thoughts) interrupt that. That kind of exercise in sitting and watching your breath leads to greater awareness of the thoughts going through your head, or remembering of the thoughts going through your head, and also greater awareness of moments when you're not thinking and just there, watching, not analyzing, but just watching. So, in American poetry we have a very similar practice, especially one of the founders of our American realistic poetic practice, William Carlos Williams, because he paid a kind of bare attention to the details of his everyday, ordinary mind existence around him also. And there's moments when there's a kind of intersection between Buddhist meditation practice and the kind of things you'd notice or experience in that, and American poetry noticing practice and the kinds of things you'd notice about yourself or the outside world in that. And a good example is a little poem called "Good Night" in Williams' Collected Earlier Poems, in which he's come downstairs, the house is quiet, what does he see? and what does he remember that he sees?. So, I read this to my class (Allen reads Williams' "Good Night" - "In brilliant gas light/ I turn the kitchen spigot/and watch the water plash/ into the clean white sink./ On the grooved drain-board/ to one side is/ a glass filled with parsley -/ crisped green./ Waiting/ for the water to freshen - / I glance at the spotless floor -:/ a pair of rubber sandals/ lie side by side/under a wall-table/ all is in order for the night. Waiting/ with a glass in my hand/ three girls in crimson satin/pass close before me on/ the murmurous background of/ the crowded opera/ it is/ memory playing the clown -/ three vague, meaningless girls/ full of smells and/ the rustling sounds of cloth/ rubbing on cloth and/ little slippers on carpet -/ high-school French/ spoken in a loud voice!/ Parsley in a glass/ still and shining,/ brings me back. I take a drink/and yawn deliciously./ I am ready for bed.
Now, what he did there, Williams, was he came downstairs and he was mindful and attentive and right there in the room, completely present, noticed and appreciated the bright green parsley, crisped, the glass on the grooved drain-board and then he even appreciated the slow carefulness of himself waiting for the water to freshen. I remember the day after I taught this poem, the next session, all the students came in and they had stood by the sink slowly and attentively and watched and observed themselves while they waited for the water to freshen. So Williams observed the details of his ordinary life.
Later on, there's a funny little poem that is just like Buddhist meditation, it's like an intersection in which he, just by his own practice of bare attention to the details of his own life, mindfulness to what was going on around him, and in him, came to do something that all people who sit on pillows and meditate on their breath also do. It's called "Thursday", because he remembered it on a Thursday - "I have had my dream - like others -/ and it has come to nothing, so that/ I remain now carelessly/ with feet planted on the ground/ and look up at the sky -/ feeling my clothes about me,/ the weight of my body in my shoes,/ the rim of my hat, air passing in and out/ at my nose - and decide to dream no more." - So what you have there is that Williams, just by being completely mindful of his body, of his mind, of his speech, of the panorama of the space around him, came to a moment when he was completely open, with no idea in his head, disillusioned in a sense ("I have had my dream - like others - / and it has come to nothing.."), so that his attention and his observation fell back to the most basic experience he was having, standing in space in Rutherford, New Jersey, with the weight of his body in his shoes, the rim of his hat, the clothes about him, feet planted on the ground looking up in the sky, and the continuing ongoing process of breathing, of the air passing in and out of the nostrils. It's a poem (which) when I read (it) to a class of hip Buddhists or Buddhist practitioners, people who know the inside of meditation, they all laugh immediately, because they recognize that spot, that place, where they have all been, where they're supposed to be paying attention (especially if they're practicing meditation in the Zen Japanese style, or in the style practiced at Naropa, which is sitting paying attention to the breath going in and out of the nostril).
RF: Do you think that Williams knew anything about Buddhism or meditation in that sense, in a formal sense?
AG: No, I don't think he knew very much about it. It wasn't very much known in those days in America when he was writing. I suppose he knew a little bit about yoga from Sadakichi Hartmann, or whoever it was, or the Bohemians, or the Theosophists that he would have run into in Europe or America, but he didn't know anything about this kind of meditation. But he knew his own mind and he knew his own speech and knew his body, that is, he was completely devoted to being observant of particular detail, and he keeps saying (that) he's against theory - "No ideas but in things" - No ideas but in the facts. So he wants poetry composed strictly out of facts
RF: He seems to be working with the ordinary or common world very much, rather than some kind of general spiritual...
AG: Yeah
RF:..sort of thing.
AG: Very much. Like he's got a little poem saying what's going on in the common world in the street in front of him. "To A Poor Old Woman" - "munching a plum on/ the street a paper bag/ of them in her hand/ They taste good to her/ They taste good/ to her. They taste/good to her/ You can see it by/ the way she gives herself/ to the one half / Sucked out in her hand/ Comforted/ a solace of ripe plums/ seeming to fill the air/ They taste good to her.
Or, another thing he calls "Proletarian Portrait" - looking out - "A big young bareheaded woman/ in an apron/ Her hair slicked back standing/ on the street/ One stockinged foot toeing/ the sidewalk/ Her shoe in her hand. Looking/ intently into it/ She pulls out the paper insole/ to find the nail/ That has been hurting her." - So, there couldn't be anything more ordinary than what he saw on the street, and there couldn't be anything more extra-ordinary than the precision and rapidity and humor with which he was able to sketch it, or notate it. But he was insistent on ordinary mind and ordinary world, rather than some big cloudy spiritual freak-out scene. Of course, he was a doctor, and he's very good medicine for young poets because it grounds them, brings them down to earth, or, as he says, "clamps the(ir) minds down on objects".
RF: Which is where we live.
AG: Which is where we live. Well, this place, where we are, yeah, which we all have to deal with, the objects.. "Waiting" - William Carlos Williams - "When I am alone I am happy./ The air is cool. The sky is/flecked and splashed and wound/ with color. The crimson phalloi/ of the sassafras leaves/hang crowded before me/in shoals on the heavy brances./ When I reach my doorstep/ I am greeted by/ the happy shrieks of my children/ and my heart sinks./ I am crushed./ Are not my children as dear to me/ as fallen leaves or/ must one become stupid/ to grow older?/ It seems much as if Sorrow/ had tripped up my heels./ Let us see, let us see!/ What did I plan to say to her/ when it should happen to me/as it has happened now."
RF: Thank you, Allen. This was Open Secret.


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I often feel like the gratitude girl because to me, everyday is an opportunity for thanksgiving. I'm not always consciously aware of how often I 'Give Thanks' however those around me definitely take notice. For example, I recently spent a weekend in Austin TX with my business coach Sage Lavine and a handful of other women in the program. I had to leave early for the airport on our final day together. Upon my departure from the conference room all of the women said together 'GIVE THANKS!'
It made me smile, knowing that this natural way of showing up is having an impact on those around me.
This practice of giving thanks stems from my love for and connection to reggae music. One of the things that I've always loved most about roots reggae is the reverence for the 'Most High' or 'Jah' and giving thanks & praises for all that is.
I'm not a religious person however, I am highly spiritual in nature and have always felt a direct connect to 'source' energy. I've been this way since I was a small child, and used to fear that 'God' would call on me to be a nun! The way that spirituality is expressed in reggae music just resonates with me, it always has. And knowing that some of the greatest roots reggae rose from the ghettos of Kingston, Jamaica shows me the power of gratitude and how it can uplift people living in the most difficult circumstances.
Gratitude and celebration are two main tools that I use to uplift and uplevel my daily experience on a regular basis. It is an absolute fact that focusing on gratitude and celebration will completely shift & UPLIFT your energy and vibration, bringing more peace, presence while creating a gateway to transforming a crappy moment, day or experience into an opportunity to celebrate.
We all have our own concept of God/Goddess, Source, Universe, Allah, Buddah.. whatever you conceive this all encompassing almighty power and energy that is in each atom of our beings and existence, and how, when, where we choose to Give Thanks. And i'm curious about what you're giving thanks for today.
Here's my short list to get you started:
The breath of Life
My amazing awe inspiring daughter & Twin sister
The beauty and magic of nature and our natural environment
International community of family & friends
Good health and the ability to utilize all of my sense, limbs and extremities
Living in a safe and peaceful environment
Running water & hot water on demand
Uninterrupted electricity
The ability to freely gather with my women friends and discuss anything we please
The freedom to create whatever type of business, product or service that I can possibly dream into existence
Self awareness, self love and honoring myself and my value in this world
The ability to choose in every moment
I invite you to share with me what you're giving thanks for, your gratitude habits and how gratitude is transforming your experience.. I know you want to, don't you?!
As we continually… Give THANKS!!


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So everyone's talking about this new Spring 2011 Global Internet Phenomena Report from Sandvine—a self-described "leading provider of intelligent broadband network solutions for fixed and mobile operators." The big, gaudy stat everyone's running in their headline is that Netflix makes up 30% of U.S. Internet traffic during peak hours. It's easy to see why everyone's buzzing about it… it's impressive.
For a company with 23 million subscribers, that's a whole lot of traffic, and likely more than most casual observers would have guessed. And the first thing I can't help but think is: no wonder YouTube wants to increase its content library. No wonder they want to get viewers sticking around for more than two minutes at a time.
YouTube may be able to brag about its 2 billion video views per day (which, of course, constitutes more than just U.S. audience behavior), but most of its clips are somewhere between short… and super short. Along comes Netflix, with its 2-hour movies and hour-long television dramas, and even though they have a much smaller total user base, they come out on top for total Internet download traffic.
But it's not like YouTube is going to be crying after reading this report. There is a huge audience for video, and the Sandvine report merely proves it:
Most media outlets, like the Washington Post, have immediately made the connection to the recent push by ISPs toward metered Internet access. Not only is Sandvine's customer base made up of cable and mobile companies, but the report specifically forecasts a continued increase in "real-time entertainment" (video) traffic. Here's a chart looking at the breakdown of content behavior over the past few years–notice the growth in real-time entertainment:
Just last year, Netflix made up 20% of U.S. traffic during peak hours. This year it's up to 30%. And Sandvine says all "real-time entertainment sites" put together could account for as much as 60% of traffic.
Translation: People are watching and downloading more video than ever. And that trend is only going to continue. The hidden message is: cable companies now have their best argument ever for making metered Internet access the standard because they're serving more bandwidth than ever. Some people might even go so far as to say the report is a little biased—I'm not one of them, but those skeptics will be out there.
Report or no report… we knew this was coming. Let's not act surprised that the march toward throttled Internet access continues. In fact, many of you live in areas where the cable provider is already metering your usage—like I do. I've yet to use too much bandwidth in one month and get hit with a penalty, but I've also only recently subscribed to Netflix. I wonder how much of a spike that will cause in my own household's download traffic? I guess I'll find out when my bill arrives.


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Institutional agreements
An institutional collaboration agreement (outside of the European ERASMUS/SEMP system) generally provides a framework for student and/or staff exchanges with a partner institution, research collaborations and other collaborations. Generally speaking, UNIGE does not sign collaboration agreements for isolated or short-term activities as such agreements are based on existing academic relationships and solid, longer-term perspectives with the partner institution.
Members of the UNIGE academic community who wish to establish an agreement can contact the International Affairs Office. They will be asked to provide a brief summary of the reasons for establishing the agreement and an overview of existing collaborations and mid-term perspectives. All applications must be backed by the relevant deanship (for a faculty agreement) and/or the rectorate.
The International Affairs Office provides agreement templates in French and English, pre-approved by the University's legal service, which simplifies the procedure considerably. Agreements must respect UNIGE's signature guidelines; the signature process is coordinated by the International Affairs Office, which also keeps the original document on file once it is signed.
The International Affairs Office also assesses collaboration proposals from other institutions in so far as they are based on existing academic exchanges or concrete perspectives for future collaboration. The initiatives currently in place in specific regions can be found under Research and coordination.


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Why JCU?
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Partner with JCUCommunity
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Tell us a little bit about yourself
Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours)
Why JCU?
Study areas
- Arts and Social Sciences
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- Geoscience
- Health Studies
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Courses Australian courses Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours)
Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours)
ATAR 71.55 | English (Units 3/4,C), Chemistry (3/4,C), Mathematical Methods (3/4,C)
Career Opportunities
What to expect
How to apply
There is a strong demand for pharmacists in northern and rural/remote Australia. Highly skilled and trained in all aspects of contemporary and future pharmacy practice, JCU Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) graduates are in demand by employers.
Be equipped with the skills to work in any setting, ranging from metropolitan cities to the outback and the remotest of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.
Graduates have a range of exciting career opportunities including hospital and community pharmacy, pharmacy practice management, government health services and regulatory bodies, defence force and the pharmaceutical industries. With further study, graduates can pursue careers in clinical research and university teaching. Some graduates work overseas.
Upon graduation you will be eligible to enter an accredited one-year internship program, and progress to registration as a pharmacist with the Australian Pharmacy Council.
Make a difference with a JCU Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) degree. Learn how to improve the health of communities in need and become equipped to handle unique challenges in any setting.
A hands-on course where you will develop strong clinical skills through experiential learning. With over 600 hours of placement, you'll be career ready and in demand when you graduate.
Excel with small class sizes and dedicated, passionate teachers who are friendly and approachable.
This course is accredited by the Australian Pharmacy Council. Consult the handbook for specific admission requirements and further information.
Additional information
About JCU's Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy
You have a passion to make a difference in the health and future of the community. Gain hands-on experience and practical training to equip you for success. Partner with James Cook University and graduate with a Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) degree (similar to a Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy).
You Don't Have to Go Far, to Go Far
Work in diverse clinical settings from hospital and local pharmacies, rural and remote communities, to cities. Familiar with contemporary best practices and knowledgeable about future trajectories in pharmaceutical practice, be the graduate employers are looking to hire. Similar to many pharmacy bachelor studies in Queensland, this degree is accredited by the Australian Pharmacy Council.
Become highly sought after by employers due to your widely recognised, strong clinical skills. Graduate from your JCU pharmacy bachelor studies in Queensland and prepare to work in hospitals, government health services, clinical research, or manage your own pharmacy.
Study Pharmacy at JCU and Get a World-Class Education
Experience has no substitute, and you want to study pharmacy in a hands-on learning environment where you can hone your clinical skills.
Benefit from JCU's unique placement program where students benefit from personal supervision and learning in world-class facilities. Your Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) studies at JCU will include more than 600 hours of clinical and professional placements so you graduate ready to enter the workforce.
Study in a small-class environment with lecturers committed to student success and ready to help you take your first steps towards a rewarding and successful career. With your Queensland pharmacy degree, you will graduate eligible to register as a professional with the Pharmacy Board of Australia.
A Pharmaceutical Degree That Will Leave You Ready for Any Challenge
Develop as an elite professional highly adept at conceptual and analytical thinking with a JCU pharmaceutical degree. Throughout your placement, put theory into practice and gain a diverse skill set working with various community or patient needs.
Learn how to integrate professional knowledge within appropriate contexts and obtain and interpret clinical data to make decisions that improve the health of your patients.
Study Pharmacy and Lead the Way
There are many pharmacy schools to choose from - at JCU you receive a top-of-class education. A degree and a job are important, as are the skills to stand out as a leader in the professional world.
Through JCU Pharmacy, learn how to communicate clearly, how to apply your skills in varying contexts, and how to pursue cutting-edge research. With your comprehensive understanding of preventative strategies and practical medicine, JCU graduates are leaders in their chosen setting.
Enrol in JCU's Bachelor of Pharmacy and Differentiate Yourself
Your Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) degree from James Cook University equips you to rise up and meet new exciting challenges.
Follow your passions and prepare yourself to make a difference in your own community or anywhere in Australia. Partner with JCU today and take the first step towards improving the health and wellbeing of people.
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Note the course QTAC code for the location you've chosen. You'll need to enter it as part of your QTAC application.
OP Score/Rank is indicative only. Entry scores will be finalised in the major offer round.
Fees and scholarships
Pathways to JCU
Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) [Embedded]
Handbook year
Course code
Course type
Bachelor Honours Degree (AQF Level 8)
Professional Accreditation Status
This course is accredited by the Australian Pharmacy Council. Students enrolled in this degree will be registered with the Pharmacy Board of Australia through the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) for the duration of their program of study or until they are no longer enrolled. Graduates will be eligible to apply for professional registration with the Pharmacy Board of Australia through the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA).
Tropical Health and Medicine
Award Requirements
Admission Requirements
Course pre-requisites
English, Maths B, Chemistry
Minimum English language proficiency requirements
Applicants of non-English speaking backgrounds must meet the English language proficiency requirements of Band 3a – Schedule II of the JCU Admissions Policy.
Students also need to take note that in accordance with the National Registration Board's requirement, they must hold a valid IELTS (academic module) minimum overall score of 7.5 with a minimum of 7 in each of the four components within 2 years prior to applying for registration upon graduation
Additional selection requirements
Students will be eligible to be offered a position in the Research Honours major by the Academic Head if they have achieved an average GPA of 5.5 across level 1 and level 2. Students that are not offered a position in the Research Honours major, or that are offered a position in the Research Honours major but decline this offer, will continue in the Professional Honours major for levels 3 and 4.
Special admission requirements
A quota on entry into the research major may be applied depending on the availability of supervisors.
Course includes mandatory professional placement(s)
Clinical placement/professional practice:
This course includes prescribed professional or clinical placements. Students may be required to undertake such placements away from the campus at which they are enrolled, at their own expense (Note: health professional courses generally involve extensive professional or clinical placements). Further information about placements can be found at: Enrolment Policy – Coursework Students.
Post admission requirements
This course may have specific admission requirements such as immunisation, a Suitability to Work with Children Card, a federal police check and/or other conditions that students must comply with. Students must complete all professional experience placement requirements by the prescribed deadlines and maintain currency of these requirements in order to stay admitted in the course.
You will find your course requirements here: https://www.jcu.edu.au/professional-experience-placement/preparation-checklists
Academic Requirements for Course Completion
Credit points
96 credit points as per course structure
Course learning outcomes
On successful completion, graduates of the course will be able to:
Inherent Requirements
Inherent Requirements
Inherent requirements are the fundamental abilities, attributes, skills and behaviours needed to complete the learning outcomes of a course while preserving the academic integrity of the university's learning, assessment and accreditation processes. Students and prospective students must be able to demonstrate that they have acquired or have the ability to acquire the inherent requirements for their degree. For more information refer to Inherent Requirements page.
Reasonable adjustments
Reasonable adjustments may be made to assist students manage additional circumstances impacting on their studies provided these do not change the academic integrity of a degree. Reasonable adjustments do not alter the need to be able to demonstrate the inherent requirements of the course.
Course Structure
Level 1
Teaching Period 1
BM1000:03 Introductory Biochemistry and Microbiology
CH1001:03 Chemistry: A Central Science
PC1001:03 Human Anatomy and Physiology 1
PC1101:03 Introduction to Pharmacy
Teaching Period 2
PC1002:03 Human Anatomy and Physiology 2
PC1102:06 Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutics 1
PC1103:03 Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1
Level 2
Teaching Period 1
PC2202:06 Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutics 2
PC2203:03 Pharmaceutical Chemistry 2
PC2204:03 Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics for Pharmacists
Teaching Period 2
PC2205:03 Pharmaceutical Public Health
PC2206:09 Integrated Therapeutics 1
Select a Major from Table A
TABLE A (Majors)
Type of major
Credit points in major
48 credit points
Only available full time
Only available full time
Students must achieve an average minimum GPA of 5.5 across levels 1 and 2 to be offered a position in the Research Honours major.
Expected time to complete
4 years full-time, not available part-time
Maximum time to complete
6 years
Maximum leave of absence
2 years
Course progression requisites
Must successfully complete all level 1 and level 2 subjects before attempting any level 3 subject.
Must successfully complete all level 3 subjects before attempting any level 4 subject.
Course includes mandatory professional placement(s)
This course includes prescribed professional or clinical placements. Students may be required to undertake such placements away from the campus at which they are enrolled, at their own expense (Note: health professional courses generally involve extensive professional or clinical placements). Further information about placements can be found at:
Special assessment requirements
At the discretion of the College Dean, students may be required to undertake a prescribed English language test to ensure that they have an acceptable level of English language proficiency, including at least at the level required to be admitted to the course, to safely participate in professional experience placements.
Refer to Review of a Student's Suitability to Continue a Course Involving Placement policy.
Professional accreditation requirements
Maximum allowed Pass Conceded (PC) grade
Supplementary exam for final subject
Not applicable
Students may apply for a credit transfer for previous tertiary study or informal and non-formal learning in accordance with the Credit Transfer Procedure.
Maximum allowed
24 credit points
Credit will be granted only for studies completed in the 5 years prior to the commencement of this course.
Credit gained for any subject shall be cancelled 11 years after the date of the examination upon which the credit is based if, by then, the student has not completed the course of study prescribed for the degree.
Other restrictions
Credit will not normally be granted for subjects prescribed for levels 2, 3 or 4 of the course.
Award Details
Award title
Approved abbreviation
Inclusion of majors on testamur
No majors will appear on the testamur
Exit with lesser award
Students who have completed 24 credit points of their course award requirements, and withdraw from or fail to meet the requirements for progression in the later years, may be eligible for the award of Diploma of Tertiary Studies.
Students who have completed 72 credit points of their professional course award requirements, and withdraw from or fail to meet the requirements for progression in the later years, may be eligible for the award of Bachelor of Life Sciences.
Course articulation
Not applicable
Annual Tuition Fee: $9,527. (Estimate only)
A Student Services and Amenities fee is payable per subject up to a maximum amount per year.
A variety of Scholarships are available to suit different student types.
JCU offers pathway courses to help you move into a degree. Pathway courses provide you with an individualised study plan and specialised support as you transition to university. Contact us for more information.
Study and work in world-class facilities and graduate work ready. There is no substitute for JCU Pharmacy's unique placement program where students benefit from personal supervision.
- James Cook University
- Bachelor of Advanced Science
- Bachelor of Arts
- Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences
- Bachelor of Business
- Bachelor of Business / Laws
- Bachelor of Business & Environmental Science
- Bachelor of Dental Surgery
- Bachelor of Early Childhood Education
- Bachelor of Primary Education
- Bachelor of Secondary Education
- Bachelor of Environmental Practice
- Bachelor of Geology
- Bachelor of Information Technology
- Bachelor of Laws
- Bachelor of Nursing Science (External)
- Bachelor of Midwifery
- Bachelor of Pharmacy
- Bachelor of Physiotherapy
- Bachelor of Planning
- Bachelor of Psychological Science
- Bachelor of Science
- Bachelor of Social Work
- Bachelor of Speech Pathology
- Bachelor of Sport & Exercise Science
- Bachelor of Veterinary Science
- Bachelor of Clinical Sciences (Honours)
- Bachelor of Engineering (Honours)
- Bachelor of Engineering / Science (Honours) MBA in Tourism
- Master of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
- Master of Data Science
- Bachelor of Sports Psychology
- Bachelor of Marine Science
- Bachelor of Medicine / Surgery
- Bachelor of Nursing Science [Pre-Registration]
- Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Science (Honours)
- Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (Honours)
- Bachelor of Psychology
- Master of Conflict Management & Resolution
- Graduate Certificate of Conflict Management & Resolution
- Master of Global Development
- Master of International Tourism & Hospitality Management
- Bachelor of Technology and Innovation
- Bachelor of Science & Bachelor of Laws
- Diploma of Higher Education
- Diploma of Higher Education (Business)
- Diploma of Higher Education Majoring in Business Studies
- Diploma of Higher Education Majoring in Engineering and Applied Science
- Diploma of Higher Education Majoring in General Studies
- Diploma of Higher Education Majoring in Health
- Diploma of Higher Education Majoring in Information Technology
- Diploma of Higher Education Majoring in Science
- Diploma of Higher Education, Majoring in Society and Culture


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BLASTER-X Is a proprietary pulse-width-modulation (PWM) technology that safely squeezes the maximum possible illumination out of LEDs. The result is a significantly less expensive, yet even more outstanding and effective product. Until you have seen a Blaster-X tail light in person, you will not fully understand the superiority of this tail light.
Automatically provides one of 11 user-selectable brake modulations the instant the brakes are applied. This alerts motorists the instant you apply the brakes - possibly saving seconds of reaction time for non alert motorists! The different modulation patterns can be user-selected VIA new 2nd Generation Programming Interface! It can also be disabled completely if desired, for standard brake light operation.
Is a NEW approach to integrated LED tail light operation. Typically, an integrated tail light will switch between yellow and red on the side you are indicating a turn. This only creates a color contrast. With Turn Alert, the tail light cycles between full intensity yellow, and OFF, on that side. Therefore, there is a full contrast turn signal operation on that side. The red running light will resume on that side once the turn signal is canceled. If braking and turning, the red will illuminate fully in between blink cycles - because braking should have priority.
Is a feature that puts the taillight into a devastating strobe cycle that is sure to get anyone's attention. This mode produces insanely bright pulses of light at ultra high frequencies, in alternating patterns across the tail light. Strobe mode is engaged by grounding a control wire, and can be engaged at any time. Strobe Mode is useful for emergency situations (hazard) or when just showing off!
The Custom LED Blaster-X 2nd Generation Programming Interface allows users to easily customize features of the tail light! The customizable features menu allows users to:
This programming interface is accessed very simply through the Strobe Mode control wire, using the Blaster-X Control Switch. The interface is designed to receive input simply by providing ground pulses to the strobe mode control wire. No special equipment is necessary to access and utilize the programming interface. Detailed programming instructions will ship with every unit.
Blaster-X Integrated Tail Lights are designed to follow the turn signal commands of the motorcycle's flasher relay. This insures it blinks in lock-step with other turn signals on the motorcycle, and ensures it is compatible with all after market and OEM flasher relays - especially programmable relays. However, in the event that the tail light receives a command to turn that does not break (blink) within a preset time period, the tail light will automatically blink that side.
Custom LED's Blaster-X tail lights are ultra-high intensity, high-performance Integrated LED Tail Lights for motorcycles, with built in non-sequential yellow turn signals. Non-Sequential turn signals have been shown to be more effective for motorcycle applications.
The Custom LED Blaster-X Integrated LED Tail Lights feature black "stealth" electronics and rear lens assembly for a smoked look, without any loss of performance. The lens is optically clear for maximum visibility, yet has a smoked appearance compared to standard integrated LED tail lights. This allows for visual appeal of a smoked tail light lens, without sacrificing any performance or safety that smoked tail lights certainly lose.
Tired of ugly and broken turn signals on your Adventure bike? We have your fix.
Posted by rob straughan on 8th Jul 2019
This upgraded tail light is a very well designed direct replacement of the stock light. Works just as described and installed as easily as the video shows.
Don't hesitate if you are on the fence with this purchase.
Posted by Unknown on 13th Mar 2019
This product installed in roughly 15 minutes and goes a long way toward streamlining the back of my 1190R. Works perfectly and really gets your attention with the strobing brake light. Highly recommended and a reasonable cost.


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This article contains spoilers of gameplay scenarios and locations in Tomb Raider, developed by Crystal Dynamics and published by Square Enix. Played the Definitive Edition on the PlayStation 4.
If the new Tomb Raider has done anything, it has given me a deeper appreciation for games with more singular, holistic visions. A complete reboot of a franchise which seemed dated after the release of Naughty Dog's Uncharted: Drake's Fortune, it's a game that tries several things at once, to varying degrees of effectiveness. With this reboot, developer Crystal Dynamics have gone back to the drawing board for their own franchise, echoing Nintendo's mantra of constant attempts at revitalization of existing intellectual property, but instead of forging their own path, simply mucking about in the dregs of well-torn ground.


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The exhibition "Environment, Conflict, Cooperation" (ECC), co-organised by The University of Queensland and adelphi, supported by the German Federal Foreign Office, is shown in Brisbane during 18th July and 4th August. The exhibition is accompanied by a public talk as well as a closing panel discussion:
Pacific Islands At Sea Over Land Rights
Illegal logging has fuelled the rapid disappearance of commercially viable forests and threatened indigenous livelihoods in the southwest Pacific Island state of the Solomon Islands. But against the odds, local communities are coming together to fight unscrupulous operators through the courts –
In another blow to illegal loggers, Australia has passed the Illegal Logging Prohibition Bill, joining the U.S. in outlawing the importation of illegal logged timber from abroad. The new legislation makes it a criminal offense for Australian businesses to import timber from illegal operations.
Up for Grabs. Millions of hectares of customary land in PNG stolen for logging. Sydney: Greenpeace Australia Pacific.


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When your plumbing gets backed up, you need to get it back in action with Forrest Anderson. With Forrest Anderson Complete Service ™, you'll have everything flowing smoothly before you know it.
24/7 Emergency Plumbing Repair
Whether its your home or business, a plumbing emergency can be a dirty and even dangerously unhealthy problem.
And because emergencies happen outside of "normal business hours", Forrest Anderson is always ready to be there to help you in your time of needs.
If you have a critical plumbing issue, day or night, you can trust that our team of experienced plumbers will be there to help you get the problem fixed quickly and thoroughly.
Plumbing Service Contracts & Maintenance
We love fixing plumbing problems but we'll be honest – we prefer if they didn't happen at all.
This is why Forrest Anderson offers an annual plumbing maintenance service contract so that we can spot things before they become bigger (and messier) problems.
With Forrest Anderson Complete Service ™, you get the peace of mind that an expert plumbing is looking for problems before they happen and providing you with recommendations to keep things flowing all year long.
And if you have a Forrest Anderson Complete Service ™ maintenance package, you can rest assured that any work that does need to be done will be done right the first time to protect you and your property.
Custom Developed Plumbing Solutions
From water softeners to that new hot tub or upgrading the bathroom plumbing, Forrest Anderson works with it customers to find the best way to get things done.
Whether you want a refresh of your bathroom or just help getting a new dishwasher installed, our team of experienced plumbers can help you get things done quickly, cleanly, and right the first time.
When you work with Forrest Anderson on your custom plumbing solution, you're getting more than a competent plumber – you're getting a trusted partner that will help you evaluate your options and make sure you're getting the most value for your new investment.
Your Phoenix Plumbing Solution
It doesn't matter if it's a broken pipe, cleaning out a clogged line, or getting your new hot water heater installed, Forrest Anderson provides a complete range of services that focus on getting the work done right and done quickly.


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Report from the Open Government and Innovation Conference
last week in Washingron DC.
Three focal points for moving forward with open government initiatives
- Despite the hurdles, collaboration is possible
- Open innovation on a continual basis
- The need to provide compelling experiences
Read the Article:
- Kevin Morris, "Three Focal Points on Open Government." http://www.wikinomics.com. 30.07.2009


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Utility supplies: Belden Inc., a provider of signal transmission solutions for mission-critical applications, has extended its Lumberg Automation product offering to include new, passive rugged distribution boxes designed to minimize machine downtime. Available in more than 20 versions, these Actuator Sensor Box-Ruggedized (ASB-R) distribution boxes permit reliable connections, even in the most demanding environments. The robust and fully-encased die-cast zinc housing can withstand shavings, welding sparks, aggressive coolants, lubricants, as well as shock and vibration.
Because the ASB-R distribution boxes can be directly mounted on machinery, no sub-distribution through terminal blocks or screw-in cable fasteners is necessary, which lowers costs. Standardized M12 connection technology simplifies the installation process, while minimizing the effort required for maintenance and storage. It also ensures that extensions to plants and equipment, or retrofitting of machinery, can be carried out quickly and easily.
With long operational lifetimes, these robust ASB-R distribution boxes bundle signals from actuators and sensors and transmit them to control systems via a single control cable. Among typical application are metalworking machinery, welding lines and material handling systems. "The new distribution boxes help to enhance machine productivity and also feature an outstanding price-performance ratio," says Product Manager Toni Hauert.
These passive ASB-R rugged distribution boxes come with an IP67 protection rating. They are equipped with four or eight vibration-proof M12 ports and metal screw threads. The range includes versions with one or two channels, with fixed control cable or M23 connection for field-attachable cables, and distribution boxes with or without LED function indicators.
The optimized port layout ensures simple handling, even when the number of connections has been doubled by means of T-distributors. Further features of the flexible ASB-R rugged distribution boxes include a compact design, an extended operating temperature range of -40°C to +80°C, and national/international certifications that ensure they can be used globally.
In a world moving toward interoperability, visibility is vital to operators as they face increasing demands to receive, analyze and share data. Belden's industrial connectivity solutions address these needs head on. With more connected machines, increasing data volumes and productivity demands at an all-time high, customers in challenging environments can count on Belden cable, Lumberg Automation and Hirschmann industrial connectors for a complete communications infrastructure designed to last. Belden's customized systems provide robust performance and reliability for a wide range of industrial automation applications.
About Belden
Belden Inc., a global leader in high quality, end-to-end signal transmission solutions, delivers a comprehensive product portfolio designed to meet the mission-critical network infrastructure needs of industrial, enterprise and broadcast markets. With innovative solutions targeted at reliable and secure transmission of rapidly growing amounts of data, audio and video needed for today's applications, Belden is at the center of the global transformation to a connected world. Founded in 1902, the company is headquartered in St. Louis and has manufacturing capabilities in North and South America, Europe and Asia.
For more information about Belden or other products, click here to go to Utility Products' Buyers Guide.


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Wednesday, 08 Jul 2015 7:00 PM
Experiment with the Command Bus in Laravel 5, by Jonathan.
Have you heard about the Command Bus pattern? A command bus is what takes a command object (i.e. a task your application needs to perform) and dispatches it to a handler. Jonathan will explain how this works in Laravel 5, why it's a good idea to use this pattern and give some practical examples!
The talk will be followed by an open discussion. Just bring up the topics you'd like to discuss, get advice on any coding issues or get feedback on your latest awesome Laravel project.
If you'd like to give a talk or present some experiment, just drop us a line!


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The Athenaeum has a number of special interest groups. These groups are organised by Proprietors and have no specific membership.
Any Proprietor and guests can join any group for regular or just an occasional visit, perhaps when the speaker is of personal interest. Groups usually meet on a regular date in the month to allow Proprietors to plan their diary, but information about their respective future meeting, including dates, times and venue, are posted in good time on the main notice board in the main lobby.