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Here are The Times's recommendations in some of Tuesday's Democratic primary races in New York City. The polls will be open from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m.
BILL DE BLASIO has effectively governed a difficult city, with crime continuing its remarkable decline, municipal finances remaining sound and innovations like universal prekindergarten put in place.
Brooklyn District Attorney
ERIC GONZALEZ stands out in a strong field, having ably pursued criminal justice reforms since being suddenly put in charge of an office that can be a model for prosecutorial practices nationwide.
City Council
DISTRICT 4, MANHATTAN'S EAST SIDE — KEITH POWERS Our favorite in a talented field, someone who wants to improve the city's already fine campaign finance law and enhance Council transparency.
DISTRICT 6, MANHATTAN'S UPPER WEST SIDE — HELEN ROSENTHAL The incumbent, who valorously supported a school desegregation plan for her district in the face of opposition from various interests.
DISTRICT 13, NORTHEAST BRONX — MARJORIE VELÁZQUEZ A young community leader who has focused on transportation issues and affordable housing, and is endorsed by the departing council member, James Vacca.
DISTRICT 21, QUEENS — FRANCISCO MOYA An assemblyman who deserves every vote over his thoroughly discredited opponent, a former state senator who went to prison, Hiram Monserrate.
DISTRICT 38, BROOKLYN — CARLOS MENCHACA The incumbent, to continue his efforts to help immigrants under siege by a hostile federal administration, he should be given four more years.


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Note: - Tanween only occurs at the end of nouns
whereas Noon Saakinah may occur anywhere in a word
JAZAKALLAH, ALLAH TALA give u ahsan Jaza. aamin.
very useful thank you!
Jazak Allah
i need 5 examples from ar rahman plz
jazakallah for your help, i will come to you if i need any help
fucked up
Jazakallahumma Khairan. This Website helped me a lot. This website will grow a lot. Insha Allah.
Jazakallahumma Khairan. This website helped me a lot. This website will grow a lot. Insha Allah.
Jazak Allah
Insha'Allah my Allah be please with you jazak allah
thank you
Nice. Mashallah. If any of u are gamer add me on the ps4 user:RyZaRk-GAMER. And Thank You.
This is really helpful. Thank you so much!1
Don't use Islamic websites to add friends on ps4
pls give example mashaallah
Very usefull, may Allah bless you.
Very usefull, may Allah bless you.
give ex
Alhamdulilah thank you very much
Alhamdulilah thank you very much
JazakaAllah good efforts mashallah but plz should be less amount of your book so people can buy easily
This book covers all the main areas of Tajweed that are required to read the Qur'an properly.
The order of lessons in this book is completely different from any other Tajweed book.
The methodology used in this book is based on Noor Ul Bayan, that is spelling of individual letters of the verses in the Qur'an. As we spell the verse out we study all rules we encounter. So when we reach the end of a verse we will know how to read it correctly, completely, practically and also have the knowledge of all the rules that the verse contains.
This course is structured to help you comprehend each rule in each verse easily.
Tajweed Guide to Read Right- part 1
Available at :
Wiziq profile : http://www.wiziq.com/Qurantutor
Additional material and information:

subset: commoncrawl


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Daniel J. Fetterman, a former federal prosecutor, is recognized as one of the country's leading trial and white collar lawyers. He represents corporations and individuals in significant securities, white collar, commercial, accounting and trade secret litigation. Chambers USA describes him as a "go-to litigator for high-profile individuals and institutions" and a "fantastic courtroom lawyer" who is "very strategic" and "held in high esteem." Dan also is praised in Chambers USA as "a genuinely gifted trial lawyer" who is "well known for his expert defense of individuals and corporations" and for his "extensive expertise in complex litigation and white collar criminal defense." The National Law Journal honored Dan as a White Collar Trailblazer, a ranking honoring 50 of the country's elite white collar lawyers for their "deep passion and perseverance ...having achieved remarkable successes." Dan is also recognized in Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America and The Legal 500, and he is a fellow in the Litigation Counsel of America's trial lawyer honorary society.
Dan has won numerous jury trials and successfully argued appeals in federal and state courts. He recently served as lead trial counsel for MF Global Holdings in a highly publicized $3 billion lawsuit against PwC, which settled during the third week of trial. He also tried a 17-month jury trial, the longest in Alabama history, which resulted in more than $100 million in jury verdicts. The Washington Post described the case as a "huge victory" in a "landmark" lawsuit. Dan represents clients in their most significant matters, including MF Global Holdings in multiple enforcement investigations following MF Global's bankruptcy, Hilton Worldwide in civil litigation and a high-profile grand jury investigation relating to its alleged theft of trade secrets, the New York Jets in litigation over its attempt to build a stadium in Manhattan, and a consortium of private equity firms in connection with funding their $8.5 billion acquisition of Home Depot Supply. Dan has conducted numerous internal investigations on behalf of corporations, boards, and special committees concerning, among other things, alleged securities fraud, insider trading, FCPA violations, theft of trade secrets, accounting malfeasance and obstruction of justice.
Before joining Kasowitz, Dan was an Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York where he received the Justice Department Director's Award for Superior Performance as an Assistant United States Attorney. Dan also co-edited and co-authored a highly acclaimed white collar treatise, Defending Corporations and Individuals in Government Investigations. The treatise, which has been used in law school courses at Harvard and Yale, has been praised as a "must-have resource and reference for any lawyer involved in white collar matters," and an "extraordinary contribution to the white collar bar." Dan is frequently quoted as a legal authority and has been quoted in publications including The Wall Street Journal, International Financing Review, the FCPA Report and Compliance Week.
Dan also frequently speaks at industry conferences, including for the last four years serving as co-chair and speaker at the "Defending Corporations and Individuals in Government Investigations" conference. He has also presented "Great and Not So Great Moments in Litigation," at the American Law Institute's 2017 Accountants' Liability conference, as well as "The Emerging Law of Cybersecurity and Data Breach Liability," in Palo Alto, CA.
Dan has served as adjunct professor of law at Washington & Lee University School of Law, and is a member of the American Bar Foundation. Dan clerked for the Honorable Ellsworth A. Van Graafeiland, United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Work Highlights
Trials & Complex Litigation
Lead trial counsel for MF Global Holdings, a former global financial derivatives broker, in a $3 billion lawsuit against its outside auditor, PwC, which settled during trial. Also, representing MF Global Holdings in investigations by the U.S. Attorney's office, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the U.S. Commodities Future Trading Commission and the Plan Administrator for MF Global Holdings in various actions arising out of MF Global Holding's bankruptcy.
Hilton Worldwide in trade secret litigation pending in the Southern District of New York brought by Hilton's competitor, Starwood Hotels & Resorts, alleging trade secret misappropriation, and a related grand jury investigation by the United States Attorney's Office (S.D.N.Y.).
A Fairfield Greenwich Group founder in connection with the highly publicized multi-district litigation pending in the Southern District of New York and related state court actions arising out of the Madoff ponzi scheme. Fairfield Greenwich Group entities were the largest so-called "feeder funds" into Madoff.
Successful representation of a consortium of three well-known private equity firms (Bain Capital, The Carlyle Group and Clayton, Dubilier and Rice) in a multi-billion dollar dispute with major banks over acquisition financing for their $8.5 billion acquisition of Home Depot Supply - a deal that ultimately funded and was closed.
Co-lead trial counsel for Southern Union Company in a three-week jury trial over charges concerning Southern Union's allegedly illegal storage of elemental mercury at its Pawtucket, Rhode Island, facility. While the company faced maximum penalties of $67 million, it only was sentenced to a $500,000 fine after the jury acquitted Southern Union of two out of three counts.
Lead trial counsel in successful jury trial on behalf of an investment bank in the Southern District of New York which resulted in a $1.5 million verdict.
Successful representation of hundreds of Vioxx plaintiffs. Dan also participated in mock jury trials of bellweather trials for other law firms to prepare several winning trial teams (including the Lanier Law Firm's Ernst trial team which won $250 million). He taught a CLE with Mark Lanier and others on how to successfully try a Vioxx case to approximately 250 Vioxx lawyers from around the country.
Pro Bono representation of The Consumer Watchdog, a national, non-partisan, non-profit organization representing the interests of consumers, in its amicus curiae brief opposing federal court approval of the proposed class settlement of Authors Guild et al v. Google Inc., a putative class action charging Google with copyright infringement for scanning books and displaying them online.
White Collar Criminal Defense & Internal Investigations
- Representing both corporate and individual defendants in a criminal securities fraud and SEC enforcement action pending in the Southern District of New York arising out of an alleged scheme to defraud relating to the resale of tickets for Hamilton and other Broadway shows and concerts.
- Successful representation of a major financial insurer in an insider trading investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
- Successful representation of a senior bank executive in connection with a government investigation concerning bond pricing and trading practices.
- Successful representation of an international manufacturing company executive in a FCPA investigation by the United States Department of Justice and the Securities and Exchange Commission.
- Successful representation of a senior Merrill Lynch executive in an investigation before the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the financial crisis and in CDO litigation in the Southern District of New York.
- Successful defense of executives in the U.S. Foodservice/Royal Ahold investigation relating to the $800 million accounting fraud scandal. One of Dan's clients was never charged and the other received six months of home confinement.
- The special committees of publicly traded companies, including video-game maker Take-Two Interactive Software and semiconductor manufacturer Emcore Corporation, in connection with internal investigations into potential stock option backdating.
- Successful defense of an executive who was the subject of the criminal investigation by the United States Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Illinois into alleged corruption by Governor Blagojevich and his administration.
- Successful representation of mutual fund managers and operations personnel from Alliance Capital in investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Attorney General's Office into the alleged market timing and late trading in those funds.
- Successful defense of a Port Captain in the grand jury investigation by the United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York into the crash of the Staten Island Ferry, Andrew J. Barberi, on October 15, 2003. Dan's client was the only one of the five publicly identified subjects at the Staten Island Ferry Service who was not indicted.
- Post-charge representation of the former CEO of Invesco in the highly publicized enforcement actions concerning market timing in mutual funds by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Attorney General's Office.


text:
In early 2017 we followed our own advice and sat down to write our own MOONSHOT:
we believe that by bringing together creativity, design and people we can make humanity better — and then we can use this energy and passion to inspire and spark change.
To help us achieve it, we identified six Bold Moves for Transformation that we had to take, and this page is the result of two of them –
1/ we will create a new product arm where our reach can touch a bigger audience and have a bigger impact on the world
2/ we will become more outward facing and share more of our working and thinking
So, to help live our own MOONSHOT, this page is our free offering to the world.
Our tools – free of charge
Alongside our facilitated MOONSHOT workshop sessions we have made our tools available to download for free. Yep, for free.
So go on, spark change and change the world.
We believe that people should do a job that lights a fire in them – to do this, it should be a job driven by their personal purpose. Complete the activities on our free tool *BELIEVATE to find your purpose and to identify three actions that you can take to bring your personal purpose into your work.
A tool to help you transform your team, organisation or group for now & in the future. This tool will help you create a long-term destination for your business and a "Roadmap" to help you transform for now and the future.
Keeping your team aligned, on task and up to date can be a challenge. teamsteps is designed to be a simple sheet to capture the key weekly activities and priorities for your team.
TEAM lookout
TEAM lookout is a tool to help you understand and pull together a 'team priorities plan' created by your team for your team.
TEAMGAUGE, check the pulse of your team's engagement level.
The Johari Window
A simple and useful tool for illustrating and improving your self-awareness.
Need more help?
If you would like to talk to us about our facilitated workshops, find out more on our MOONSHOT Workshops page.


text:
PMI is the world's largest not-for-profit membership association for the project management profession.
CAPM® is a valuable entry-level certification for project practitioners. Designed for those with little or no project experience, the CAPM® demonstrates your understanding of the fundamental knowledge, terminology and processes of effective project management.
If you're a less experienced project practitioner looking to demonstrate your commitment to project management, improve your ability to manage larger projects and earn additional responsibility, and stand out to potential employers, the CAPM certification is right for you.
To apply for the CAPM, you need to have:


text:
Art made easy! The Crafter's Workshop® US Map template allows you to stencil, trace, sponge, chalk, stipple and more. Use your stencil for cardmaking, scrapbooking or any other project where a detailed design is needed.
This square stencil features a map of the United States with state divisions visible. Alaska and Hawaii are included along with a compass image and 'You Are Here' caption. Template measures 6 x 6 inches.


text:
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- English Vocabulary in Use: Elementary 3rd Edition
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English Vocabulary in Use Elementary
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The words you need to communicate with confidence.
Vocabulary explanations and practice for elementary level (A2) learners of English. Perfect for both self-study and classroom activities. Quickly expand your vocabulary with 60 units of easy to understand explanations and practice exercises. Be confident about what you are learning, thanks to Cambridge research into how English is really spoken and written and get better at studying by yourself, with study tips, follow-up tasks and an easy to use answer key.
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Cambridge Vocabulary for PET
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This book covers the vocabulary needed for the PET Exam and provides students with practice of exam tasks from each paper. It includes common learner error warnings and exam tips to help students improve their exam performance.Authors: Sue Ireland, Joanna KostaCEF Level: B1Publication date: March 2008
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While I regret a bit that this post is so far behind schedule, I can't fault myself too hard, as this book is nearly 600 pages of dense cognitive philosophy, and this quarter was quite busy. I am also well aware that the next blog post won't come around for another while, as the time I usually use for blog-related reading will be devoted this summer to job market materials. Yes, that time is approaching – with two of my four chapters completely drafted, and the third in its pre-writing phase, I am ready to venture onto the academic job market this coming fall, which will necessitate spending most of the summer prepping my materials. I might check in on the blog once or twice with updates on that status, but I probably won't return to my "Things I Should Read" posts until October or November.
Given all of that, I feel like Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought, by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, is a good book to have as my last blog book for a while, both for the blog and for my own conceptual and theoretical thought process. In Philosophy in the Flesh, Lakoff and Johnson use the ideas initially defined in Metaphors We Live By, and expand those approaches to explain, explore, critique, and ultimately dismantle Western philosophical thought of the past 2500 or so years. At the center of Lakoff and Johnson's argument, as their title suggests, is that the embodiedness and corporeality of human thought processes is fundamental and inescapable. In their exploration of embodied cognition and philosophy I find helpful ways of forming my own arguments about the necessarily physical experience of vulnerability so crucial to my dissertation.
Lakoff and Johnson begin their tome with a section on the embodied mind, and the cognitive processes they explore. They both repeat and expand upon their argument from Metaphors We Live By, explaining the embodied nature of our metaphorical cognition. From there, they turn to a section they title "The Cognitive Science of Basic Philosophical Ideas," in which they use their reasoning and arguments about metaphorical thought to explain the human cognitive processes behind understanding the concepts of time, events and causes, the self, and morality. In the penultimate section of the book, they turn their attention to major philosophical movements of the past two thousand years and more in the West, including thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Chomsky, and use the theory of embodied cognition to reveal the fundamental flaws and inconsistencies in each. They conclude the book with an exploration of just how a new "embodied philosophy" works, applying their understanding of cognitive science to the essential questions of philosophy in a way far more successful than all of the approaches dismantled in the preceding chapters.
As I mentioned above, I find this book primarily useful as a means of understanding the ways that people understand themselves and the world around them. Lakoff and Johnson's focus on the necessarily embodied nature of human cognition helps me formulate my arguments about bleeding and physical vulnerability in medieval literature. While bleeding is sometimes just the literal loss of blood through an open wound, more often than not, I find that medieval poets approach and use bleeding as an embodied metaphor for the porousness of the human identity. And even when bleeding is "just bleeding," I also see in its medieval representation a clear understanding of that physical vulnerability as an outward expression (pun not intended, although I am currently hung up in my dissertation research on the manifold meanings of the word "expression") of the mental experience of vulnerability. Lakoff and Johnson end their Appendix, which details some graduate student work performed on embodied cognition, with the lines: "Our neural capacities for motor control can be used to carry out abstract reasoning. The same neural circuitry that can move the body can be used to reason with." While my work is not expressly interested in motor control, the knowledge that the parts of the brain used in experiencing and adjusting the body are also involved in the experience and adjustment of the philosophical self is incredibly valuable for me as I continue my dissertation.


text: Cisco Cisco Unified Contact Center Enterprise (UCCE) is a complex product that integrates multiple components and can serve a wide spectrum of business requirements. As a result, UCCE can be challenging to configure. In this book, one of the world's most knowledgeable Cisco UCCE consultants brings together all the guidance engineers need to optimally configure and manage UCCE in any environment. The author shares in-depth knowledge that would otherwise only be gained through many years of deployment and troubleshooting. Readers will find: " Multiple standardized and proven configuration examples that eliminate errors and reduce downtime " Step-by-step walkthroughs of several actual configurations " Solutions for application and agent configuration, scripting, IVR, dial planning, Unified Communications Manager (UCM), error handling, backup, and reporting " Comprehensive, detailed coverage of monitoring and troubleshooting UCCE infrastructure " Expert guidance on using powerful monitoring tools that are inadequately documented elsewhere This book will save readers valuable time and effort throughout platform deployment - and in support and maintenance throughout the life of the system.


text: BENNETT, Philip Allen, (father of Marion T. Bennett), a Representative from Missouri; born on a farm near Buffalo, Dallas County, Mo., March 5, 1881; attended the public schools and Buffalo (Mo.) High School; was graduated from Springfield (Mo.) Normal and Business College in 1902; taught school at Independence, Mo., in 1899 and at Boyd, Mo., in 1900; purchased the Buffalo (Mo.) Reflex, which he edited and published 1904-1921; chairman of the Dallas County (Mo.) Republican committee for eight years; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1912; served in the State senate 1921-1925; moved to Springfield, Mo., in 1922 and engaged in the real estate and loan business; Federal land bank appraiser 1923-1925; Lieutenant Governor of Missouri 1925-1929; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor in 1928; engaged in the insurance and loan business; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-seventh Congress and served from January 3, 1941, until his death in Washington, D.C., December 7, 1942; had been reelected to the Seventy-eighth Congress; interment in Hazelwood Cemetery, Springfield, Mo.


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Ohio's Greenhouse History
I first walked through the fields of Spice Acres with chef and farmer Ben Bebenroth in August 2014, days after he and his wife Jackie acquired the property through the Cuyahoga Valley Countryside Initiative. We spent a couple hours traipsing through overgrown arugula and sidestepping old farm equipment that clawed through weeds as I scribbled notes on Ben's vision for a newspaper article.
During our trek through what is now the vegetable production field, Ben stooped down to pick up a piece of glass, one of hundreds scattered throughout the two-acre center plot, and pondered its origin. He's still a bit uncertain, but chances are, those buried shards are relics of Northeast Ohio's storied greenhouse industry.
In the early 1960s, Greater Cleveland had the world's third-largest concentration of greenhouses — behind Holland and England — with about 400 acres under glass and 1,000 farmers employed, according to Cleveland State University's Center for Public History and Digital Humanities. In fact, a 1972 Cleveland Plain Dealer story referred to the area as the "Greenhouse Capital of America," churning out 80 million pounds of tomatoes each year.
Today, most of those greenhouses are gone. Multi-generation family-run farms folded due to the unsustainable costs of farming; their legacies live on through historical accounts. Some artifacts remain, from the jagged vestiges at Spice Acres to weed-covered greenhouse skeletons. Some of the stalwarts, such as Dean's Greenhouse in Westlake and Maria Gardens in Strongsville, have persevered.
Thanks to the efforts of entrepreneurial farming at Spice Acres and throughout Northeast Ohio — from microfarms to behemoths such as the Green City Growers cooperative in Cleveland's Central neighborhood (one of the largest urban hydroponic greenhouses in the country), Northeast Ohio is recapturing its roots in the industry, albeit with a more mission-driven mindset at the forefront of their endeavors.
"Today's farmers are separated from the land by a couple generations," Ben says. "Farmers 50 years ago were expected to take over the family farm, continue the family legacy, and keep growing those cucumbers or tomatoes."
Now, entrepreneurial farmers aren't concerned about mass-producing one or two crops. Rotational farming, organic practices, animal husbandry, crop and revenue diversification, and social dynamics all are key considerations of the operation.
Ultimately, modern entrepreneurial farmers have a personal stake in the health of their community and environment.
"Farmers of today are farming because of an environmental calling," Ben says. "We are more concerned about forming sustainable business models based on biodiversity, environmental stewardship, and the total ecosystem. We want to make a positive impact on the community and the land."
A look back
Gustave Ruetenik and his son, Martin Luther Ruetenik, built Cuyahoga County's first greenhouse in 1885 on Schaaf Road in Brooklyn Heights. The so-called "Celery King" continued to grow his greenhouse and truck farming operation, while others followed his pursuit.
Those growers formed the Cleveland Hothouse Vegetable Growers' Cooperative Association, a scientific research and produce-marketing organization. Estimates vary, but by mid-1920s, Cuyahoga County was said to have somewhere between 80 to 160 acres of greenhouse production — more than any other county in the U.S. Those greenhouses mainly grew tomatoes, leaf lettuce, and cucumbers in rapid rotation.
Concentration peaked mid-century, with a patchwork of greenhouses flanking Schaaf Road, and more in Olmsted Falls, Rocky River, Columbia Station, Berea, Avon, Sheffield Lake, and Wooster. (My own grandparents relocated their Olmsted Township farm to a 100-acre farm in Wooster in the late 1950s, and operated Meadowview Greenhouse until 1996, when they retired and moved to Florida.)
"The farmers who invested their lives in this industry were more than amazing," wrote Dennis Wagner, grandson of a Cleveland farmer, in "The Rise and Fall of the Cleveland Greenhouse Industry," published in 2013 by Cleveland State University's Cleveland Memory Project. "Considering that most of these were small businessmen, they had to be growers, plumbers, welders, cement contractors, electricians, painters, glazers, and then raise financial capital and keep the books.
"Maybe it was because of the unity and skill of the marketing association that held them together," he continued. "Maybe it was the heritage of the men willing to work hard, take chances and invest. For certain, there was money to be made in the industry, but the investment was huge. My father often told me that while growing up in the 1950s, an acre of greenhouses would cost $100,000. Keep in mind that a brand-new Buick was only $3,000."
Farmers back then were under pressure to generate as much yield as they could in environments that were extremely temperamental. A single event — a boiler failure, tornado, freeze, fire, or compliance with new environmental standards — could force them to shutter their operations. Some improvements in technology bolstered production, such as Ohio State University's Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center's introduction of water-soluble fertilizer.
The energy crisis of the 1970s drove up the price of natural gas and oil so much that many greenhouse owners could not afford to stay in business. Meanwhile, price pressures from Florida and Mexico, debt accumulation, developers dangling cash for farm land, and retirement all contributed to the industry's deflation.
At the insistence of my great uncle, a Cleveland realtor who believed a thick vein of oil intersected the family farm in Wooster, my grandparents finally agreed to allow drilling on their property. I was a young child when they struck oil in the early 1980s. It was a windfall they needed desperately and kept them from selling off their farm and greenhouse (they received free gas plus $4,200 a month, which helped offset their heating bills).
My grandparents sold the remains of their farm, including five acres, two greenhouses and a 1900s farmhouse, still mortgaged, in 1999. Only after they passed away did we discover that they had sold $800,000 worth of property since the 1960s just to stay afloat.
It's hard to estimate today just how many acres are dedicated to greenhouse production in and around Cuyahoga County. According to the USDA's 2012 Agriculture Census, Cuyahoga County had about 22 acres under glass or other covering dedicated to growing floral and bedding crops.
Ben anticipates that figure will grow steadily with time.
"Farming is a valuable profession. But I think we're still a few years off" from society really taking notice, he says. Fossil fuels are finite, and a shrinking radius for food travel will mean more community-scale food production and move more of the general population toward farming.
"I have a lot of hope for the future of agriculture," Ben says.


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Someone has asked me what, as a religious person, my reaction to Stephen Hawking's reported recent declarations on God is. I haven't read his book so I can only react to what's been reported.
"Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist," Hawking writes.
"It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the universe going."
The public life of Stephen Hawking sometimes reminds me of Olympic figure skating in the United States, something which is, periodically, the topic of the day or even week, only to then go into eclipse. In the mean time everyone, even people who have no knowledge of the sport, is supposed to have a strongly held opinion on it. Even if they have no idea why. With Stephen Hawking, it was alien invasion, the time before this.
Hawking's logic on aliens is, for him, unusually simple. The universe, he points out, has 100 billion galaxies, each containing hundreds of millions of stars. In such a big place, Earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has evolved.
"To my mathematical brain, the numbers alone make thinking about aliens perfectly rational," he said. "The real challenge is to work out what aliens might actually be like."
The answer, he suggests, is that most of it will be the equivalent of microbes or simple animals - the sort of life that has dominated Earth for most of its history.
The logical response to which is, who knows? There isn't any way of knowing the first thing about that topic until at least the first example of extra-terrestrial life is verified and studied sufficiently. And, given the distances and the time it would take to travel them, that would be only the first example which we shouldn't be expecting to get under our analytical tools any time soon. And even that won't give you any information that can tell you about the next, proximate, example. As of this morning, the likelihood that people will ever have enough information about the prevalence of extraterrestrial life to even come to a crude excuse for an estimate of its probability, would seem to be very remote. You can't figure a probability of there being any other life in the universe without at least one other example being known. We don't have that today and so anything that even the very clever Mr. Hawking says on that topic is complete speculation
In view of his statements on the topic, Hawking even venturing so far as to declare an informal probability of it constitutes a lapse of logic on his part. Hawking's speculation that "other life" could be very unlike ours and exist in environments ententirely different than our biosphere, undermines the argument from the discovery of other planets like ours, at least in terms of probability being applied to it. For all we know our form of life could be unique in the universe. There could be, literally, not a single other terrestrial kind of life anywhere. It is possible that the life on Earth is the first to arise and develop or that it is the only instance in which life will ever arise and develop, that is if Hawking's cosmology is correct and the universe isn't in some kind of stable state. So what finding Earth style planets would mean to the question isn't knowable. Perhaps its due to his habits developed in physics, dealing with objects and systems far, far more simple than organisms and the environments in which they arise, evolve and live, but the simplification in Hawking's analysis is stunningly inadequate even as scientific or mathematical speculation.
There being, literally, no data on that topic that is known to be relevant to the problem, it is not science, it is not mathematical probability, it isn't logic. There being no information known to be relevant to the issue, it's not even an informed guess, it's a wild shot in the dark, one probably based firmly in Hawking's personal experiences and preferences and fears.
Personally, I'm in the school that believes life that could survive intelligence and go out into the wider universe would have to be pacifistic or they'd have destroyed themselves before then. I also believe they would have to have a non-acquisitive way of life or their taste in even petty luxury would have destroyed their environment. They would have to be unselfish in a way that, perhaps, only our most sainted figures approach. Perhaps our wanderlust is the product of our irrational need to acquire things we don't need and the pleasure we get from subjugating and, in many cases, destroying other life. Maybe a form of life with another chemistry or another development wouldn't find any reason to travel past where they live onward into eons of time while species such as our own uniformly destroy ourselves before we get very far. Being biased, I think the matter of our survival is ever so much more important and interesting than the question of the origin of the universe. Which is unscientific of me, I suppose, though there are scientists who do concern themselves with that unglamorous and, temporarily, inconvenient issue.
Looking on one of the cookie cutter new atheist blogs in preparation of this post, I saw pretty much what I expected to see, Stephen Hawking's baseless speculation on the subject of whether or not God was "necessary" to the start of the universe cited as a reliable authority on the subject. Which is pretty funny in view of this quotation from an interview with Diane Sawyer.
"There is a fundamental difference between religion, which is based on authority, [and] science, which is based on observation and reason. Science will win because it works."
Why is anyone paying attention to what Stephen Hawkings or most other scientists say about religion except on the basis of their presumed authority? And it's the flimsiest kind of authority on the topic, based in a reputation gained in an entirely different field of study. As far as I have been able to see, Stephen Hawking has never published a scholarly paper on the subject in a reviewed journal so it's not even passed that level of testing. Perhaps if he had tried his ideas in that academic realm he might have avoided limiting himself to one, very crude assumption about religious thinking, believing that all of it is as unaware of the vicissitudes of the study of religious questions as he obviously is. Here is just one example of that.
Anyone who has read even a little of the rigorous, formal literature around various religions, would know that the contemporary critics of religion almost never have the slightest knowledge of what serious people have said on the topic. Which is another of the dangers of people who believe their opinions carry the weight of authoritative knowledge and even more so those who take them as authorities when they only confirm their biases.
That a physicist, studying aspects of the physical universe doesn't find anything except the physical universe is hardly a shocker. The very methods necessary for any reputable publication of science rigorously exclude questions not relevant to address the physical nature of the subject matter. Any part of any presumed supernatural is necessarily excluded from that consideration. You might as well say that due process under the law isn't logically necessary to the findings. That one predisposed to find confirmation of their atheism in that most un-supernatural realm should believe they have found it is only slightly less surprising. What tops it off is to hear him cited as an authority on the topic of religion in the same blog posts and articles where he condemns religion as the realm of authority based thinking which he claims his own profession doesn't practice. Clearly he impeaches himself on that point, his sciency fan club only confirms that negation of that proud claim.
In the last few years, in what free time I get, I've been reading about epistemology a bit, specifically the epistemology of science. One of the more interesting and, when you think about it, obvious things pointed out in my reading is that all of the apparatus of science, mathematics and logic are formed by us in order to gain a sense of coherency of the world and the universe. Not a single law of science is anything other than the product of human thought. Not a single one of them has been developed except within a realm which excludes everything but what we can discover of the physical universe. I believe that exclusion is based in our experience and the extension of our logic, which, itself, is a means to address our experience of the physical universe. Whether or not it is the result of favorable adaptations in our evolution is a far, far more speculative, and I hold, unanswerable question, but we've pointed out the problems with that wildly popular attempt to extend science past the requirements of evidence many times here.
But, as seen in Hawkins' declaration, the laws of science are habitually held to be an actual, unmitigated, feature of the universe, existing independently of us when there isn't any way to confirm that. Perhaps if we ever encounter "other life" we will find they have other ways to make sense of it. Our laws are held "to work", and they generally do within their limits. Integral to the invention and practice of sciences was the strict limitation of what was under consideration at any point in the process and the claims made for it in real world applications *
Part of the predictable response to Hawking's pronouncements has been people raising questions about our lives and experience of the universe which are, decidedly, not physical in nature. One of those was the question of a purpose to the universe, which is a question that science can't deal with. The entirely predictable response to that was to declare the question to be nonsense. Well, it isn't nonsense, it's as understandable a question as any. That science can't come up with an answer to it doesn't change that. It is as much a part of human culture as science is to ask questions like that, to speculate about them, to come up with different answers to it and for our understanding of that purpose to change over time. Mimicking the discontinued philosophical fad of logical positivism to dismiss questions you don't like doesn't seem to stop the questions. For which I am very thankful.
It seems to be an emotional need of the new atheists to believe they have disposed of the question of purpose but most people seem to be unimpressed with that artificial substitute for reason. And that's only one of the questions that we, mere mortals, have about the universe which we find ourselves in. I am more convinced as I see us destroying ourselves, to a large degree with the products of science and technology, that unless we include questions of purpose, justice, rights, morality and other entirely non-scientific features of human thought and culture, that science is inadequate in itself to ensure our continued existence.
We are bound by our own mental equipment, our cultural and educationally established habits of thought and other features of our lives as thinking animals. In no other realm of human activity is this as true as in academic publication and in no part of that does the subject matter run up against the limits of those conditions than in physics. The laws of physics are human explanations to ourselves of what we perceive of the universe. That is a basic feature of those laws. Even the concept of a "law" of science is conditioned in that way. As long as those laws are limited to the address of the physical universe for which they are developed, yes, they often do seem to work, though often within a given context. Therefore, it's especially surprising to see as subtle a thinker as Stephen Hawking mistakenly believing that they can be extended past that use and into areas which science has not gone and can never go. Even assuming that his theory of the universe stands -- which isn't anything like a settled question if other equally eminent physicists are to be taken seriously -- they don't get to what happened before the creation of the universe. Indeed, that question is so opaque that to talk of it as "before" goes beyond what is covered under those same laws.
A passage in the Book of Isaiah that often comes to mind when thinking about this topic, is when God is said to have said, "My thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,". Whatever else people have held about God, no matter how much of our limited minds and thoughts and even our crimes and injustices we have attributed to God, even the most anthropomorphic religion holds that God is not a human being. To think that God would be required to follow our laws of science or, indeed, any possible actual mechanisms of a universe created by God, is rather touchingly naive in a way that even the "ignorant goat herders" who are believed by the incredulous to have written the Bible were able to surpass.
In a brief encounter about this on another blog, I pointed out that Stephen Hawking has no more expertise on the question of God than the woman who runs the grain store down the road from me. One of the people who responded to that mockingly refereed to her, someone he didn't know other than in that passing reference, as an "ignorant church lady". Well, I know her and she's far from ignorant and, as far as I remember, hasn't gone to church since her husband's funeral. Even if she had, she'd still know as much about the question as any other human being. Somehow, in that response, I think I gained a greater understanding of Stephen Hawking's declaration and its position in our culture than in all of the other thinking I did about it for this post.
* As is seen all around us, in the destruction of our environment, the pollution of our bodies with synthetic and natural toxins provided by commerce and in hundreds of other ways, this lapse in the scientific oversight of the application of the products of science is anything but an idealistic and rigorous process of considering important issues.


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Emma Healeys precisely plotted, moving mystery Elizabeth Is Missing was the focus of last nights ELLE Book Club event.
Guests were gathered in the Hoxton Hotels twinkling courtyard (with a glass of Baileys in one hand and a canapé in the other) to listen to Emma read extracts from the book and discuss her inspiration (both her grandmothers).
Emma also described her experience as a first time, bestselling author. It's been good - publishers tried to woo her with gifts, including more tins of peaches than she knows what to do with (if that seems bizarre, we promise you'll get it once you've read the book).
Plus, Emma revealed that the TV rights for this, her debut novel have already been sold and shes started plotting a second book.
Novel number two is likely to feature another exploration of mother-daughter relationships. Emma talked of her ongoing fascination with memory and how storytelling within families can distort your personal history.
Let us know what you thought of Elizabeth Is Missing @ELLEUK #ELLEBookClub
Download the digital edition of ELLE now


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Annealing is the method of softening the metal with heat prior to making or repairing it. With silver the annealing temperature is between 1110-1200F (the melting point of silver is 1635F). After annealing the metal should be quenched (or cooled) once it has it dropped below 930F.
To mass produce an item in large quantities a process of casting can be employed. There are various casting methods that can be used including the lost wax, mould or cuttlefish casting techniques.
The opposite method to repousse whereby lines or grooves are dug directly into the surface of the metal with a steel tool. Another verb would be indenting.
Doming and swaging
To create spheres or domes from silver. a common technique is to use a swaging or doming block into which the molten silver can be poured.
Forging is the method of curving, stretching, flattening and shaping the silver by applying force from different directions with different shaped hammers.
Joining different parts of the silver by using purely heat and not solder i.e. the metal fuses together.
Lines or shapes can be grooved or cut of the silver and then another metal, wood, stone etc can be laid into the channels or grooves.
A tool used for shaping jewellery items. For rings, they are known as "Triblets" or Ring"mandrels" which is a long tapered tool made of steel that is marked in ring sizes from A to Z. (mandrels are used for more than just stretching rings e.g. bezels). The ring "mandral" is sometimes also used for shaping and forming rings.
"Mokume Gane"
A technique whereby the surface of the metal is decorated in such a way as to resemble the grains of a wood. It can be achieved using layers of metals of a different colour soldered together.
The process of using chemicals to clean the metal after it has been heated. When the silver is heated, oxides appear of the surface which then can be removed by pickling. We use alum although Sulphuric acid is more than effective.
"Repousse" is the art of working with punches from the back of an item to form lines and shapes to create a 3 dimensional effect from the front.
The art of making veins or fibres, for example a leaf, appear across the silver. Reticulation can be achieved by repeating various heat treatments at different stages.
Details of the composition of silver jewellery can be found on this site.


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One of the characteristics of great literature is that it says something meaningful about life. Science fiction does that, too, except that the perspective is usually seen from an outsider's viewpoint and is often focused on society in general.
Being fond of subcategorizing as we are, science fiction fans call such fiction "social science fiction," and it's concerned less with the tropes usually associated with sf (like spaceships and technology) and more concerned with human activities and how people interact in groups. Or, to tie it back to the "science" label, it's concerned with "soft" sciences like sociology, anthropology, psychology, political science, theology, linguistics, cultural studies and more.
We've already been introduced to social science fiction. Let's take a deeper look at social science fiction and give some more examples of it.
We Built This City
If social science can be said to deal with the interactions between people, the task of rebuilding society from the ground up can be held up as a perfect example of it. One of literature's classic portrayals of building society comes from a book not normally classified as science fiction. William Golding's Lord of the Flies puts a group of shipwrecked children on an island where they attempt to live together for the long term, with enlightening and provocative results. S.M. Stirling's Emberverse series (beginning with Dies the Fire) takes place after an unexplained, worldwide breakdown of technology, thus disrupting what people have taken for granted all their lives—an organized society. Meanwhile, Isaac Asimov's classic Foundation series retells the decline and fall of the Roman Empire in a futuristic setting (with a Galactic Empire sitting in for Rome), where a mathematician develops the made-up science of "psychohistory" to predict the fall of mankind.
Utopias and Dystopias
Utopias and dystopias fit nicely under the heading of social science fiction—each one examining the veracity of a perfect society (utopia) or one repressed and controlled (dystopia). Some of science fiction's most popular novels are dystopian classics. There's Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, which portrays a futuristic society that employs reproduction technology (since natural reproduction is a thing of the past), caste systems and devices that teach you while you sleep. George Orwell's classic dystopia, Nineteen Eighty-Four (written in 1949), depicts a deindividualized society under constant surveillance by an oligarchical dictatorship led by Big Brother. We by Yevgeny Zamyatin is set in a dystopian future police state, and the book has the distinct honor of being the first work banned by the Soviet censorship board. The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood depicts women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain agency. Meanwhile, Malorie Blackman's 'Noughts & Crosses series of young adult novels is set in a fictional, racist dystopia. There are plenty more examples—you can get a head start on such reading from a recent anthology with 33 excellent examples of dystopian short fiction in Brave New Worlds, edited by John Joseph Adams.
Often, worlds that are presented as utopian prove instead to be dystopian. Despite the subtitle "An Ambiguous Utopia," The Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le Guin is actually a dystopian novel that compares the two societies of the twin worlds Urras and Anarres in regard to their individual political and economic systems. The Giver by Lois Lowry is a dystopian young adult novel where the world appears at first glance to be utopian—people are happy because they don't know any better. Their mandated "sameness" means they lack the emotional depth and experiences to know anything else.
Utopias are less common than in sf literature, likely because dystopias offer more drama. (If everything is so perfect, there's no story!) True utopias are fewer, but some of them are really good ones. Odd John by Olaf Stapledon, though perhaps not well known outside sf circles, is about a mutant superhuman who starts his own utopia. More famous is Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward 2000-1887, about a man who awakens from a Rip Van Winkle-like sleep after a hundred years to find himself in the future, or the year 2000, where the United States has been transformed into a socialist utopia, a premise in which to play out problems with capitalism. More recently, Iain M. Banks writes books about an interstellar anarchist, socialist and utopian society known as The Culture. The Culture series (beginning with Consider Phlebas) features a postscarcity society where no shortages of resources exist, a situation administered by very powerful artificial intelligences.
More to Come!
Next time, we'll take a look at more social science fiction, particularly gender studies, theology and more.
Stay tuned...
John DeNardo is the editor of SF Signal, a Hugo-nominated group science-fiction and fantasy blog featuring news, reviews and interviews. He also like bagels.


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It turns your CAM tremolo into a fixed bridge with fine tuning. Just replace the load lever adjustment screw with this longer one and replace the tension return springs with this new CAM locking clip, that's it!
FYI: During the 1980's, some CAM mounting plates were custom made with different hole specs to accommodate a manufacturers design. The G&L Rampage is an example. On the square-like mounting plate, the space between the spring holes should be around 7/8" or 22.3mm apart. Just do this simple measurement to be sure your tremolo is applicable. If so, this is your locking clip.


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FC: John Knox
1: "No one else holds or has held the place in the heart of the world which Jesus holds. Other gods have been as devoutly worshiped; no other man has been so devoutly loved." ~John Knox
2: Back in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, there was only one church, the Catholic church. Then, a man named Martin Luther came along. He believed that there were a lot of problems with the way the Catholics did things, so he decided to start his own church. People who joined Martin's church were called Protestants. Now the Catholics did not like this. They decided that the only way to make sure everyone stayed a Catholic was to start a war. | 1
3: There were battles in many different countries about religion, which should be a peaceful thing. Scotland, a country just above England, had a problem. There were many people who wanted to become Protestant, but the regent, the ruler of the land, was a Catholic and kept Protestantism from spreading. The Scottish people needed help. Then one day... | 2
4: #3
5: 4 | John Knox was born in Haddington, Scotland in 1514 on a farm. His parents' names were William and Sinclair. When he was young, John probably helped his father on their farm.
6: When he got older, John went to college at St. Andrews after which he decided to become a priest. Like Martin, John did not like some of the things the Catholics did. He could not find peace. Through a friend, he was introduced to a man named George Wishart. When John looked at Mr. Wishart, he saw a brave man that was willing to travel all over Scotland and risk his life to spread his faith. Inspired, John decided to become a Protestant. | 5
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8: Even though Scotland was in dire need of ministers, John loved to teach, so he started a job tutoring noblemen's sons. However, preachers were elected by popular vote in those days, and after unanimous election, John did not have much of a choice. | 7
9: His ministry was cut short when Mary of Guise decided that Protestantism needed to be stopped by force. She asked Henry the Second, king of France, for help, which he gave. He sent twenty-one war ships to Scotland. | 8
10: 9
11: John Knox was captured. In those days, war prisoners were forced to become galley slaves. They had to sit in the hold of the ship rowing with long, heavy paddles. Often, there were masters who would whip the slaves if they rowed too slowly. The men were given as little food as possible, and many became very ill. John was one of the men who became sick. In fact, many of his fellow men were afraid he was going to die before he was released in 1549, nineteen months after being captured. | 10
12: Sometimes the ships went into battle. | 11
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15: After John was set free, he moved to England. Unfortunately, he was not safe there either. Once again, John was hunted, so he moved to Geneva, Switzerland, the home of John Calvin. John Calvin was another Protestant preacher. He realized Knox's talent and put him in charge of a small church close by. | 14
16: 15
17: After John was set free, he moved to England. Unfortunately, he was not safe there either. Once again, John was hunted, so he moved to Geneva, Switzerland, the home of John Calvin. John Calvin was another Protestant preacher. He realized Knox's talent and put him in charge of a small church close by. Knox was happier in Geneva than he had been anywhere else, but love was more powerful. Knox decided to move back to Scotland and marry his girlfriend, Marjorie Bowes. They had seven children. | 16
18: Now that John was back in Scotland, he took the Protestants on the offensive. With John in the lead, they managed to make a very important change in The Scots Confession, namely that the bread and wine do not actually become the physical body during communion. Not all of John's publications were advantageous though. He published a pamphlet titled "The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women," an outcry against Bloody Mary who was an avid killer of Protestants, only a few months before Elizabeth the First became queen. She banished him from England. | 17
19: 18
20: 19
21: By the time he was an old man, the Protestant church in Scotland was well grounded and in no danger of being destroyed. The church itself was very strict. People were not allowed to dance, play cards, or stay home from church on Sundays. | 20
23: John Knox finally found his peace in Edinburgh in 1572. | 21


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Wednesday, 4 April 1979
Beloved Brothers and Sons,
Allow me to address, in the first place, the Cardinal Prefect Gabriel-Marie Garrone, to whom I wish to express sincere thanks both for his presence, and for the noble words he has just pronounced. Everyone knows the commitment with which he has striven, for long years, as the principal person responsible for the guidance of the Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education. Well-known, too, is the contribution which, with the sensitiveness of a Pastor attentive and open to the requirements of the new times, from the preparatory phase, to the Second Vatican Council. These are merits which I wish to acknowledge publicly today, while to the Cardinals who, as Members of the same Congregation, have gathered for the annual plenary session, to the Secretary, and to the Under-Secretary, I extend my deepest gratitude. I then address my cordial greeting to the Professors, Superiors, and Students of the Roman Centres of Academic Studies.
At the opening of the meeting, I would like to start with a personal reference: for several years I had the opportunity to take part in the work of this Sacred Congregation, and it was a very precious experience for me. Because not only did I draw great benefit from it, but, at the same time, I was able to compare it with experiences in my field of pastoral work in Poland.
As you well know, Catholic Schools of every order and level are the object of the concern of this Congregation; but the ecclesiastical Seminaries are the object of very special concern. This immediately brings up the serious and delicate problem of priestly vocations, without forgetting, of course, the problem of the Superior Institutes of various types: the Universities, Theological Faculties, the other Faculties of Ecclesiastical Studies, etc. And also in this connection, I must recall that I took part in the important work of the Congregation for the preparation of the new Apostolic Constitution, which will replace—as legislative document—the Constitution Deus Scientiarum Dominus. On the basis of the mandate of the Second Vatican Council, a "temporary" document had already been published in May 1968: Normae quaedam ad Constitutionem Apostolicam "Deus Scientiarum Dominus" de studiis academicis ecclesiasticis recognoscendam.
Subsequently, after consultation of all the sectors interested in doctrine and in Catholic teaching, abundant material has been collected to draw up the new Constitution, which will have to be promulgated shortly. Now—and this is a third premise of psychological and personal character—all the problems concerning Christian education, the particular significance of science in the historical experience of the Church, the present mission of the Church herself in this field, are subjects especially close and congenial to me. In fact, I greatly appreciate this sector of the Church's activity, because I have great esteem for human culture: Genus humanum arte et ratione vivit. If man—as I wrote in my first Encyclical—is "the primary and fundamental way for the Church" (cf. Redemptor Hominis, 14), how could the latter not take an interest in what, even at the simple natural level, is directly connected with the elevation of man? How could she remain extraneous to the needs and the ferments, the labour and the goals, the difficulties and the achievements of culture today? Would not such a lack of interest and extraneousness be almost a shirking of her own responsibilities and an act of omission owing to the "vulnus" that would result in her own evangelizing function? In interpreting the supreme command of Christ, I am of the opinion that the pregnant significance and the multiple implications of the words docete and docentes (cf. Mt 28:18-19; in the Greek text matheteúsate and didáskontes), are never stressed enough.
You understand, therefore, how, according to such a broad and high perspective, today's meeting takes place not only with you here present, but, at least indirectly and certainly intentionally, includes teachers and students of all Catholic Institutes of instruction and education, scattered all over the world. Their tasks, their mission, their "creative" contribution to the universal mission of the Church, are, as it were, the background to this solemn audience today.
2. In a more immediate and direct environment, however, the audience gathers a select and large group of representatives of the Superior Institutes of Rome, and that gives me great joy. I desired this meeting deeply, and I am happy that it takes place just at the time when the Cardinals and other representatives of the episcopate are gathered for the annual session at the Sacred Congregation, which is in charge of the organization and animation of the mission of the Church in the scientific and educational field.
The initiative for our meeting came from the Rectors of the Roman Institutes, with whom I have already had an opportunity to discuss the preliminaries of problems so important for the life of the Church in the Eternal City. These Institutes, in fact, represent a special wealth of this Church: on the one hand, they welcome a large group of professors, scientists, and scholars who, thanks to their intelligence and their preparation, do honour to doctrine and to the faith; on the other hand, they are open to students all over the world, and constitute, therefore, a significant and inspiring "sample" of the nationalities, languages, cultural elements and ritual varieties of the Catholic world. For this reason, and not only now, they have won well-deserved international recognition.
As for me, I wish to name them separately here, as a proof of my esteem and confidence in them, and these sentiments are intended to confirm and extend in time—I would say—those of so many predecessors of mine on Peter's Chair. Here in the first place, is the group of Universities that bar the title "Pontifical": the Gregorian, entrusted to the Sons of St Ignatius and rich in a centuries-old and well-tested teaching and scientific experience; the Lateran which, being close, and not just topographically, to St John's Patriarchal Basilica and the Major Seminary of Rome, has a typical Roman character and a special function; then the Urbanian University, intended specifically for the primary cause of evangelization and for the formation of the Clergy for the Missions; and then the University of St Thomas Aquinas, known as the Angelicum, at which I had the good fortune to attend an industrious two years' course, which I have always remembered; and finally the Salesian which, though recently founded, wishes to win recognition with a note of originality in the area of the pedagogical disciplines.
These follow the Anselmian and Antonian Pontifical Athenaea, directed by the Religious of St Benedict and St Francis. Then, further, the Biblical and the Oriental Institutes and the Institutes for Sacred Music and Christian Archaeology. And finally the Theological Faculties of St Bonaventure, Teresianum, Marianum. Including also the Institute of Arabic Studies and the Auxilium Faculty, the Academic Centres existing in Rome amount altogether to 16, with a total number of over 950 lecturers and about 7,000 matriculated students. Are they many, are they few? Beyond the quantitative datum, which is variable in itself and, in any case, not absolute, there is the grandiose and consoling panorama of a whole series of living and highly qualified forces; there is the reality of wealth which, before being cultural and doctrinal, is of a spiritual nature; this admirable complex of didactic structures is at the disposal not only of the Catholic Church, but also of the human society which the Church is called to serve.
To confirm the prestige and the further potentialities of these forces, it is sufficient to draw attention to two facts:
a) The first is the multiplicity of the scientific specializations, which exist within these same Centres. It is not possible to talk of duplication or of useless schools, because, if the schema of the fundamental sacred disciplines (beginning with the queen-science, theology), is found and functions—as is obvious—in them all, there is in each one a characteristic note, as it were, such as to give it an original place in the general framework of ecclesiastical studies. I am thinking, in this connection, of the various "specialities" and "superior schools" of modern conception, which have been created, with brilliant intuition, in more recent years. This is a response to the cultural growth of the world.
b) The other fact that I wish to recall in terms of praise, is that the above-mentioned "specialties" and, therefore, the specialized Institutes in question, are available for a fruitful collaboration with other "specialties" and Institutes. In this way, to the objective requirement, which today is emerging more and more in scientific activity and methodology—the requirement of so-called interdisciplinarity—and to the need of avoiding cultural particularism and fragmentation, you have likewise responded with open, intelligent, generous, and fruitful collaboration. And it is a pleasure for me to recognize the importance of this active cultural exchange, which means improving the coordination of initiatives, a timely comparison of results, and balanced assignment of the researches to be carried out. All that, while it promotes the general increase of good studies, also multiplies contacts between persons to their mutual advantage, stimulates integration among tile various Institutes, and bears witness to the liveliness and vitality of the pace of studies within the Church.
3. But at this point, I would like to emphasize above all the importance of a real scientific formation in priestly formation as a whole, as I recall also in the Letter that I will address to Priests for the forthcoming Holy Thursday. If the Church sets such store by the promotion of higher studies and, therefore, the preparation of adequate structures, she does so, "ultimately" to carry out better her mission in the world and to serve the cause of man better. But she does so "directly" to prepare those to whom, to such a large extent, this mission and this service are delegated: that is the Priests. To be complete and adapted to the requirements of the times, the formation of Priests must also be scientific.
And the reason, or rather, reasons for this more demanding preparation are so evident that all explanation seems to me superfluous. Necessary, first and foremost, in the sacred ministries is a sound general culture, as a fruitful and receptive soil for new seeds, admitting of more luxuriant developments. Then they must be started on their way and helped to reach a real and proper specialization at the University level, which will make them capable of taking part in the creative processes of culture in any type of society in which the Church finds herself carrying out her mission (cf. Decree Optatam Totius, 38).
Here, then, are the two elements of this formation: general culture and specialized culture. Actually, the necessity of a rich doctrinal store for the formation of a mature priestly personality, such as is suitable for one who must be a pastor and teacher and is called to carry out multiform services connected with the vocation of the priest, pastor, and teacher, can never be sufficiently stressed.
Today this is a task of unusual and great responsibility. We need men with a deep knowledge of the problems of man and of the world. But this knowledge cannot stop at the purely human and secular level: it will have to be based, above all, on the "science of faith". It will have, in fact, to spring from a precise attitude of faith, from an active exercise of faith, which means communion and conversation with the Word of God, the Teacher who teaches and dictates "ab intus": Ille… qui consulitur, docet, qui in interiore homine habitare dictus est Christus, id est incommutabilis Dei Virtus atque sempiterna Sapientia (St Augustine, De Magistro 11, 38; P.L. 32, 1216; cf. Ephes. 3:16; I Cor 1:24). We need Priests endowed with a sound theological sense, listening attentively to Holy Scripture, Tradition, and the Magisterium. We need Priests who, teaching faith and morality, will construct and not destroy. All this presupposes doctrinal completeness, intellectual honesty, faithful adherence to the "sacred deposit", awareness of participation in the "prophetic function" of Christ: in a word, a maturity of superior quality is necessary.
4. In this vast set of problems, reference to which would deserve a far longer development, I wish to point out another aspect. I consider, in fact, that special attention must be paid to the "existence of Rome", as an element of that formation which brings to every local Church a wholesome and extremely fruitful leaven of universality. Saying this, I draw on the memories of the time of my studies in Rome and also of the experiences I had during my subsequent contacts with "sacred Rome", which offers vital sap and nourishment to every Christian, and particularly, to every Priest. What does Rome teach? Hic saxa ipsa loquuntur, it can rightly be said. Oh, it is not rhetorical to lay stress on this historico-environmental fact: Rome, a unique city in the world, is the centre of irradiation of Christian faith. It is necessary, therefore, to be aware of this fact, it is necessary to be worthy of it; it is necessary to respond to—and to collaborate with—the exemplary function that is incumbent on Rome with regard to the whole Catholic world. And you young people, who have the fortune to study in Rome, must "profit" by this stay and by the teaching that is imparted to you here. You must draw firmness of faith and breadth of perspectives from the memories that the witness of the Apostles Peter and Paul, the blood of the innumerable Martyrs, the vestiges of a religious situation that is now bimillenary, have concentrated here.
5. It is in this spirit that, as Easter draws near, I address my confident good wishes to all members of the Superior Institutes. And it is in this spirit that I express my fervent good wishes to the Congregation for Catholic Education, to its venerated and well-deserving Prefect, to the Cardinals and Bishops. To one and all, connected by a commitment which, though having different expressions and forms, is in purpose unitarian because it is directed to the same goal, I recommend to live this solemn hour of the Church with attentive and clear awareness (cf. Redemptor Hominis, 1). As mankind is approaching the year two thousand, it is not permissible for the People of God to delay, to stop, or to move back. The Church must walk in history with her eyes turned backwards (Ecclesia retro-oculata) and at the same time forwards (Ecclesia ante-oculata), but, above all, fixed upwards towards Christ, her Lord (Ecclesia supra-oculata): levatis ad Dominum oculis... It is from above, in fact, it is from him that she gets inspiration, strength, resistance, courage. And how could the members of the People of God remain inactive?
Beloved Brothers and Sons, the post-conciliar period brought with it a set of questions for the Church, as if continuing the fundamental questions of the Second Vatican Council: Ecclesia Dei, quid dicis de te ipsa? Now it would be a form of reticence not to speak of the crisis that occurred; or to deny, for example, that certain questions were sometimes raised in a "radical" form and assumed a character of "contestation"; or to ignore that the latter among other things, concerned and almost attacked the ministerial priesthood, the priestly vocation, as well as the seminary as an institution. There is no need, moreover, to recall the heat of some debates and polemics. Yet so many discussions have brought about opportune clarifications and definitions. After study of those problems had been resumed—let it suffice to think of the 1971 Synod—after the objections or the new elements of the various questions had been thoroughly examined, things returned to their proper places, and significant confirmations have been derived. It can be said that, thanks to this critical and self-critical effort, we are already beginning to pass from the "negative" phase to a "positive" implementation of Vatican II, that is, to that authentic renewal or "aggiornamento" which was among the aims of the lovable Pontiff who courageously decided on it.
With all those present I pray to the Lord Jesus, in his paschal mystery, in order that such a renewal may be manifested in the vast sector of education and instruction, in particular by means of a new flourishing of holy vocations in all the local Churches, I say priestly, religious, and missionary vocations: vocations that are mature thanks to the Institutions in question, that is, Seminaries, Studentates and University Centres; vocations mature with that maturity of which witnesses to the Gospel have need in our times which are so difficult and heavy with responsibilities. Spes non confundit! (Rom 5:5). Not all the difficulties are overcome, but it is now time to go on our way, with hope that is never disappointed, relying on the unfailing help of him who, if he entrusted the Church to men, guaranteed that he would not abandon them: Ecce ego vobiscum sum omnibus diebus (Mt 28:20). With an expression that was dear to my Predecessor and Father, Paul VI, I will therefore say: Onward in the Lord's name and with my affectionate Blessing!
© Copyright 1979 - Libreria Editrice Vaticana
© Copyright - Libreria Editrice Vaticana


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A Glimpse of Yellow Suede Nail ArtHi, its the third day of the 31 Day Nail Art Challenge and the theme is Yellow. Well after doing much of yellow orange yesterday, I literally am in no mood for more yellow so I thought of giving a sneak peek of yellow rather than the whole show dominated by it :). Also, the Fruity Orange Nail Art was the first fruit nail art, so I did not want to wipe it out ruthlessly today.And I just remembered a nice nail art I did for my friend Priyanka who visited my place this weekend. We had planned on meeting somewhere between our house but the poor thing ended up coming to my place as I was not keeping well. It was like a 2 hour journey and its very sweet of her to take so much paint to meet me without nagging :P. Also, she got a lovely gift for me :) Muaahhh!!! .
Anyways back to nail art, as mentioned and confessed earlier this nail art challenge is making me use all the unused nail art stuff that I love but have been piling up for months.At the same time I am meeting so many fantastic nail art bloggers, all super talented. So, similar is the story of my 12 color flocking powder set, never used even after 2 months of purchase :(.Priyanka fell in love with them the moment she saw them so here I am doing my first flocking powder nail art for Pinku :)
Items Used
- Wine Color Nail Paint
- Yellow Color Nail Paint
- Yellow color Flocking Powder
- Dotting Tool/Toothpick
- Top Coat/Base Coat
- Nail Glue
How to get a sneak peek of Yellow Suede
- Clean, Cut and File your nails. Do the base coat and let it dry.
- Apply the wine colored nail paint over all the nails except the ring finger.
- Color the ring finger with Yellow nail paint. Yes, we are anyways going to cover it with flocking powder so why waste nail paint? This is so that the base is yellow and hides any uneven application of yellow suede. Also in case the flocking powder is off your nails it will not be very evident by getting camouflaged by the yellow color base color.
- Now, pick up yellow color on your dotting tool and create dots a diagonal line. These dots should be bigger than the line of dots running either side of them.
- From the finer side of the tooth pick or dotting tool, pick up some wine color and make fine dots on the bigger yellow dots in the diagonal line.
- Proceeding to get the flocking powder on the ring finger. You could use a nail glue is you wish the flocking powder to stay longer or a wet nail paint will do. Now whatever you have decided, apply the flocking powder on the glue brushed nail or on the wet nail paint base nail.I simply used my fingers to get them on nails and then dabbed them hard so that they stick to the glue/wet nail paint.
- Do a top coat for all except the middle nail with flocking powder.
And you are done :). It was not very difficult and the best part is Priyanka was really happy with the nail art and that's all I wanted at the end. I hope you guys equally like it and enjoy it. Pour in questions or comments , both are appreciated :)
Addional Info : If you donot have flocking powder or nay other nail art tool, do not worry. Just skip the flocking powder part, just let the ring fingers be painted in yellow. They would still look amamzing. Or you could just the reverse design and colors on the ring finger (swap the colors used).
Related articles
- Easy at home Nail Art 9 - The Acid Wash (thenailartandbeautydiaries.wordpress.com)
- Easy at Home Nail Art 11 - Zebra Nail Art for Foot (thenailartandbeautydiaries.wordpress.com)


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Around this time last year I watched on in Tokyo as British, fluent-Japanese-speaking PlayStation group CEO Andrew House tried to convince Sony's home market of the viability of a micro console.
The idea was understandable: Japan's gamers, with smaller abodes and a growing love of social games, had shifted from home consoles to handhelds and phone fun in recent years. Was this a way of bridging that gap maybe? The Japanese media in attendance, however, looked vaguely perplexed.
Yet for the Brit journos there, who had spent much of the year bombarded by various TV boxes and dongles of all shapes and sizes, Roku this, Chromecast that, there was potential in these there hills: imagine one of those many TV set-tops welded to a massive back catalogue of PlayStation games, too.
Amazon Fire TV suddenly doesn't seem so appealing, right, if you can get the PS4's Amazon Instant Video, Netflix and iPlayer on PlayStation's box, too? With the PlayStation Now streaming service on the way, as well, could this also be like OnLive but one that actually, y'know, works and stuff? Minds were whirring. With no UK release slated at all, the Brit media got restlessly inventive and began wanting answers.
House was clearly warmed by the enthusiasm of his countrymen on the other side of the world. "Will you tell them?" he chuckled, pointing a thumb at some of the more cautious-looking execs at the edge of the room.
Well, the good news is after a series of formal demos – and in the face of some truly pointless third-party peripherals – we can now finally get our hands on the set-top formerly known as Vita TV in the UK wild, a full year on from its launch in Japan and just in time for Christmas stocking filling. The bad news is very, very little has changed in that year.
What Is It?
An £85, stupidly light 6cm x 10cm slab of set-top box that hooks up to any HDMI-connected TV or display for gaming and media fun – be that through digital store downloads or physical game cards for the PlayStation Vita gaming handheld. It's effectively a Vita without touch screens and physical controls, so that means there's a getting-on-a-bit ARM Cortex A9 quadcore processor and SGX543MP4+ GPU doing the heavy lifting, innards fans.
Who's It For?
Fans of gaming who want a slightly cheaper way to get their game on. Indie game fans who don't need access to all those big, shooty-bang-bang blockbusters. PS4 owners who want to stream their big, shooty-bang-bang games to a second room over Remote Play.
Build and Features
PlayStation TV is dinky but sturdy, slickly minimalist with a nice matte finish that slips into bags and falls down sofas easily when it's not sitting next to your telly like you've absent-mindedly put your phone down on the way to the sofa. For those who like black boxes compared to black boxes, see it next to an iPhone 6…
Piddly isn't it? Now in PS4-matching black rather than the Apple-aping white, you plug it into a telly or display of your choosing via HDMI, sync a DualShock 3 or 4 controller over Bluetooth with a connection of the microUSB, hook it up to your Wi-Fi and you're away.
As well as a small suite of options that you have far better tech with which to access already – email, internet, messaging, etc – your main choices once booted up are: a) to play local games and media downloaded from the PlayStation store digitally; b) play PS Vita titles from retail cards or proprietary memory sticks shoved in the game slot; or c) Remote Play, which lets you stream PS4 games from the big brother console (if you have one) over your home network in 720p.
In the US, the box also supports PlayStation Now's slightly stilted rental service, but not here yet. Hopefully they'll have figured out what it is before it gets here.
The interface behaves, unsurprisingly, almost exactly like a Vita – same bubble apps, same store, same jaunty muzak – although refined and tweaked for a physical controller (now rather than swiping a game's tile away, you hold 'O' to activate the animation, that kind of thing). It's slick enough, surprisingly intuitive and doesn't feel too re-engineered.
As well as the HDMI out and USB ports, there's also a proprietary memory card slot on PlayStation TV for upping the 1GB internal storage with something more meaty (you'll need to), or porting games and media over from your Vita if you have one, plus an Ethernet port which we'd recommend for getting the best out of Remote Play. There's also Bluetooth for headsets and keyboards.
PlayStation TV looks swish, is well built and is the most portable of micro consoles. It has an enviable catalogue of games to match, too. Seriously, from a good selection of PS Vita titles made for the hardware to a whole host of PlayStation classics to delve into from PS One and PS2 via second-room PS4 streaming if you have one sat next door under your big telly, there's more quality to play here than on most Android boxes.
With DualShock support, you're playing with a proper controller made by a top-tier hardware designer, too, not a plasticky knock-off that comes with most micro consoles. It feels premium and it feels polished – and the tweaked interface is better than you'd expect, too.
The switching of memory cards between Vita and PlayStation TV, not to mention controllers between main console and secondary set-top, is a breeze after you've synced your PSN accounts, and you can toggle and optimise the controls on a lot of games to suit the new setup.
Despite some fears for the standard of the Wi-Fi connection, Remote Play connected and worked every time for us and, despite the considerably larger upscale to process, was not noticeably worse than on Vita, giving a very decent picture if inevitably a bit bleached out and lacking sharpness.
As ever some games work better than others, and some Wi-Fi connections are greater than others (ours is pretty middling), but we enjoyed the turn-based likes of Road Not Taken, the chiefly static-viewpoint of Drive Club and got momentarily lost in a Destiny hole for a few hours without dropping out.
Playing a lot of Vita games on the big screen for the first time is an enlightening experience, too. Pumping out the soundtrack to Spelunky on a stereo, in particular, is epic, while Retro City Rampage scales up great. In fact, almost all of the titles available on Cross Buy with PS3 play fantastically, which begs the question: do you already have a PS3? If so, you can probably already do this.
No Like
Well, £85 is a lot of money for a device that needs you to provide your own controller. If you don't already have a spare DualShock of some description, this takes the price quickly over a hundred quid. When you add on a proprietary memory card (again, if you don't have one) then you're paying more than a PS3 Super Slim (remember, Vita memory cards cost a staggering £70 for 64GB). For us, we had most of this covered already, but for a new starter, you need to bear that in mind.
And for that money you're also getting a very slight bit of equipment. While it looks slick and solid, the PlayStation TV is so light it's over-powered by the weight of the cables in its back – those OCD types who like things perfectly flat may be leaping up and adjusting a fair bit.
The internet browser, as with the Vita, is pretty terrible, slow and cumbersome, but most importantly, there are no native apps for the likes of YouTube, Netflix, Amazon Instant Video or BBC iPlayer. As with Remote Play on PS Vita, you can't stream the PS4's apps either, which makes PlayStation TV a bit of an on-demand black hole at present. The only video you'll be getting here right now is some YouTube through said iffy browser (Netflix doesn't work), from Sony's store (expensive, poor choice) or fired over alongside photos and music from a server to the Network Media Player app (which is clunky and you'll need to download from the app store).
On top of that, a fair few Vita games don't work on PlayStation TV – and because of the shared store with the handheld, it's not always easy to tell which ones, either. When they don't, you get a screen like this…
Of the 23 games on our memory card pulled from our Vita, seven wouldn't run on PlayStation TV. Some seemed to us fairly obvious no-nos based on their gameplay – touch-heavy titles such as Tearaway, Little Big Planet and Gravity Rush, the latter's stunning holding screen getting our hopes up when it teased us that it might…
Ah, what could have been. Although we're less sure why The Binding of Isaac, Terraria or Sine Mora don't play ball – maybe they need updates. Also, while the perfectly working Fez now boasts "PlayStation TV support" text on its store page, Hotline Miami (which also runs fine) doesn't, so there's a fair bit of assumed knowledge here.
And finally, Remote Play: while in principle it's great, the quality and appropriateness fluctuates massively from title to title to the point that we still think it's not quite there yet as more than a rather nifty Brucie bonus if you have an enviably fast Wi-Fi connection. We found FIFA 15, above all, almost unplayable on ours, glitchy, blurry and laggy to the point of mis-timing shots and tackles, but there are many shades. When it works, it's great, but when it doesn't, there's really no getting around it.
Should I Buy It?
It's a strange one as, in all honesty, probably not, but we know we're going to continue using the hell out of ours, so how's that for hypocrisy? There's a rational response to a high cost for a level of functionality that you can get for better value elsewhere. With poor on-demand TV options and expensive peripherals, PlayStation TV seems almost stuck in first gear. This may change in the future if the media apps flood in, but this feels like a repurposed device, rather than a fresh new take on a media hub, and that's a shame.
Yet for a particular person – let's call him "Matt" – who wants to play a load of indie games he already owns, plus partake in the odd Destiny session, in his "office", leaving the big telly free to maintain domestic harmony, PlayStation TV still serves a purpose. I may even make it an overnight-bag regular for sprinkling fun on hotel TVs. It's something of a niche extravagance, then, rather than the cheap, mass-market entry point some expected, which is perhaps not so shocking from a brand that doesn't really do "budget". But it's a clever little thing and for some that will be enough.


text: My 10-year-old daughter has been brushing our three cats and saving their hair in a plastic bag. She wanted to be ready when her copy of Crafting With Cat Hair arrived. On Sunday morning, she made her first cat hair project - a little cat. My older daughter had a sneezing fit, so Jane will have to complete the other projects from the book outside.


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Inspired by the upcoming wedding of the Swedish princess, Ikea partnered with stylist Lo Bjurulf and photographer Denise Grünstein and created a new ad campaign with a festive theme.
Six fantastic table settings are featured in the campaign, with clever and creative styling that will surely inspire you for your next party! Make your choice among Harvest, Paper & Fold, Artsy, French Romance, Wood on wood, or Folklore.
We especially like it because it fresh, intriguing and different from the usual 'Ikea look'. Also, we found a lot of tips and tricks on creating the perfect table for every occasion on the site Ikea.se – Thanks to Google Translate!
Which one do you like most?
Photos: ikea.se
P.S Looking for the best gift ideas? Have a look at our 2019 guide for design lovers!


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Just as the mahi mahi is the most beautiful fish in the seas, the monkfish is perhaps the ugliest. But what it lacks in beauty, it makes up for in taste. A succulent, firm texture and a buttery flavor blend to create a culinary dream for a seafood enthusiast. Monkfish is highly versatile and perfectly delectable in countless recipes. Once known as the "poor man's lobster" the monkfish is now a highly value delicacy that will make an excellent addition to your menu.
Firm, mild and sweet
The deliciously edible parts of the monkfish are the liver and the tail, proving a unique and mild flavor. The tail meat is firm and dense, similar to scallops and lobster rather than flaky fish. This firm texture greatly expands the cooking possibilities, making monkfish a delightfully versatile menu item. Bold marinades and zesty sauces compliment the slightly sweet meat, creating an exciting and exotic dish for your diners to enjoy.
A success story
Monkfish are vulnerable to overfishing and their numbers in the past have been depleted. A well-crafted management approach implemented in the late 1990s has halted their decline and imposed positive changes that have rebounded fisheries to a sustainable level. Monkfish are caught by bottom trawl and bottom gillnets, both of which have some bycatch concerns for groundfish and Atlantic sturgeon. There is a focused effort in the industry to reduce this bycatch.
We believe it is vital for all fisheries to craft effective management strategies to create environmentally friendly fishing methods. By purchasing seafood from fisheries that strive to protect our oceans, we encourage others to adapt their practices and work towards sustainability. Buy your wholesale monkfish from us and join the effort to encourage global sustainability.
Purchase your wholesale monkfish from Pucci Foods by filling out the form on this page. A member of our team will contact you right away with your order details.


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We will be closing on the 20th December 2019 and reopen
on the 6th January 2020.
For any enquiries during this period, please send an email to [email protected] and we will get back to you as soon as we can. Orders placed online will be filled after the 6th January 2020. Happy Holidays from the team at Expressway Signs! 🎄
Superfast Turnaround
Flat-Rate Shipping On Most Products
Friendly Customer Support


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Focus schools are inspected under section 162A of the Education Act 2002 by the School Inspection Service, an independent inspectorate which conducts school inspections in the context of the Independent Schools Regulations and Standards on behalf of the Department for Education.
Inspections are overseen by Ofsted, the Government's official inspection body for maintained schools. They take place every three or six years, and for schools on a six year cycle interim monitoring inspections are carried out as an additional measure. Inspectors and their teams are comprised almost entirely of ex HMIs and have a wealth of experience in education and the inspection process.
We regard these inspections as a positive contribution to the improvement of our schools and ensure that we act upon recommendations swiftly and thoroughly.


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Stanley's Famous Pit BBQ
Tyler, TX 75702
- BREAKFAST MON – FRI: 7am – 10am LUNCH & DINNER MON – SAT: 11am – 10pm LATE NIGHT FRI: 12am BAR HOURS MON – THU: 3pm – 10pm FRI: 11am – 12am SAT: 11am – 10pm
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The M604 is the Flagship radio in Icom's line. The loud audio, separate knobs, high grade receiver performance and a full key pad for easy, give the radio quick and reliable performance. The M604A has excellent receive specifications, which allow a weak signal a better chance of being heard when louder signals are around it.
"our top pick - based on performance and features"
- Frank Lanier, Practical Sailor.
Read magazine review >
The large full dot-matrix display is designed for optimum readability in any lighting condition. With the extra large font, the channel number is maximized on the display and upper and lower case characters can be easily read. When connecting to an external GPS receiver, the GPS information indication function shows course and speed data as well as position, date and time on the display.
Over and above the DSC, your own and other ships´ position data can be exchanged with the position request or position report functions. The received position information can be transferred to external GPS or navigation equipment*. In addition, the polling (request/ reply) function checks whether a specific ship is within the communications range.
*NMEA 0183 format is required.
When connected to an external hailer horn, communication with other boats, deck or dock hands is easy. The built-in 30W amplifier increases your talk power making your message loud and clear. Four foghorn patterns are also available. The RX speaker function, receiver-repeater allows you to monitor the received radio audio from a hailer horn on the deck or tower. You can also make an announcement on-board from the microphone.


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There are several names and types of Security Grilles & Gates to meet your business needs:
Aluminum Grilles and Security Gates
Security Gates and Grilles can be custom made to meet your design and security needs. From Malls, Parking, Storefronts to Warehouses and more Barr Commercial Door will be your solution. Manual and motor operations are an option.
Rolling Aluminum Grilles and Accordion Grilles can be used for ventilation as well as visibility into an area while providing high end security.
Scissor Gates can also be tailored to meet you specific needs and security requirements.
When it comes to security Barr Commercial Door is your solution. For sales and service on all types of security gates, grilles, and hardware contact one of your Barr Commercial Door Representatives today!
Security grilles and gates for business are an effective way of protecting the integrity of your property. We provide complete installation and repair solutions for retractable security gates and grilles, designed to offer enhanced security for your domestic or commercial properties. These security gates are approved by insurance companies.


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Want to be notified once we get restocked?
It's been a while since they released an album and it was all for the better. This album is great! Well worth the wait. While Third Wave has come and gone Mustard Plug holds true to their guns and releases not only a mature ska album, but one that still has its fun.