text:
powered by
Sonntag, 8. Dezember 2019
Risks involved with transgenic fish
27.08.2009 - (idw) University of Gothenburg
Fast growing transgenic fish can revolutionise commercial fish farming and relieve the pressure on overexploited fish stocks. But what happens in the natural environment if transgenic fish escape? Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have studied transgenic fish on behalf of the EU and are urging caution:
-Until further notice transgenic fish should be bred in closed systems on land, says Fredrik Sundstr÷m at the Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, By furnishing fish with genes from other organisms, so-called transgenes, researchers have succeeded in producing fish that grow considerably faster or are more resistant to diseases. Fish can also be modified to cope better with cold, which facilitates breeding in colder conditions. There are major benefits for commercial fish farming as transgenic fish are expected to deliver higher production and better yields. However, transgenic fish can also entail risks and undesirable effects on the natural environment.
More resistant to toxins
For example, transgenic fish can be more resistant to environmental toxins, which could entail the accumulation of toxins that ultimately end up in consumers. There are also misgivings that the higher level of growth hormone in the fish can affect people. Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have therefore been commissioned by the EU to study the environmental effects of GMO (genetically modified organisms) within fish farming. The results of the studies show that the genetically modified fish should be treated with great care.
Simulated escapes
Fredrik Sundstr÷m, PhD at the Department of Zoology, has studied transgenic salmon and rainbow trout to ascertain what ecological risks they might constitute for the natural environment. The study, which simulated escapes in a laboratory environment, shows that transgenic fish have a considerably greater effect on the natural environment than hatchery-reared non-transgenic fish when they escape. For example, genetically modified fish survive better when there is a shortage of food, and benefit more than non-transgenic fish from increasing water temperatures.
-It is probably due to the fact that genetically modified fish have a greater ability to compete and are better at converting food, says Fredrik Sundstr÷m.
Natural breeds are under threat
If transgenic fish become established in natural stocks they would be able to outcompete the natural breeds. However, conducting studies in a laboratory environment that imitates nature is complicated, which makes it difficult to predict how escaped transgenic fish affect the natural environment. Fredrik Sundstr÷m's conclusion is that international consensus is required before commercial farming can be permitted, and that a precautionary principle must be applied.
-One option is to farm the transgenic fish on land, which would make escape impossible. At least fertile fish should be kept in a closed system, says Fredrik Sundstr÷m.
As of yet no country has permitted commercial farming of transgenic fish, but several applications for such operations are under consideration by authorities in both the USA and the EU.
Fredrik Sundstr÷m, Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg
+46 (0)734-084 922
The Ecological Risk Assessment of Transgenic Salmon project commenced in May 2005 and concluded in April 2009. It has been conducted at the Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research in Vancouver, Canada on behalf of the EU, the Swedish Research Council Formas and the University of Gothenburg. Coordinator in Sweden is Professor J÷rgen Johnsson, Department of Zoology.
Transgenic fish are created by transferring genes to fish from other species, including human beings. The gene selected is propagated using bacteria and then isolated, purified and introduced into the eggs of the host fish by microinjection. The genes transferred contain a DNA sequence with codes for the required characteristic. Hitherto researchers have genetically modified some twenty fish species, including carp, salmon and catfish.
Weitere Informationen:
- press information
uniprotokolle >
> Risks involved with transgenic fish
Technologietransfer-Programm HWT: 180 T f³r zwei neue Projekte an FH Flensburg
[HAI 2009] Einladung zur Vorab-Pressekonferenz
Erfahrungsaustausch und Vernetzung in der psychoanalytischen Forschung
Start f³r das Vorhaben "Lernen vor Ort" der Hochschule Neubrandenburg
2nd European Congress of Immunology: Einladung zu Pressekonferenzen
DFKI Spin-Off SemVox GmbH auf der IAA
Ein Leben ohne Kunstherz
Halbwertszeit von Eisen-60 ³berrascht Forscher
Erstmals automatisierte Montage von Hochleistungsdiodenlasern
Bundesverbraucherministerin gibt Start-schuss f³r "Verbraucher sicher online"
Aortenklappenersatz ohne Vollnarkose im HDZ NRW
Erwachen aus dem kameralistischen Dornr÷schenschlaf: Tagung Finanzmanagement der HIS GmbH
▄ber Depression und Schizophrenie - Der Z³lch-Preis 2009 wird an die Psychiater Florian Holsboer und Daniel R. Weinber
Vogelgrippe verlõsst ihr Nest - Anpassung an neuen Wirt
... damit sie morgen kraftvoll zubei▀en k÷nnen
Alte Sprachen richtig verstehen
Wieder "Maloche auf Zollverein": Forscher arbeiten in der Kokerei
Bereicherung des Wirtschaft-Technik-Unterrichts - Neue Computer f³r die Wilhelm-Busch-Schule
Acupuncture may bring relief for a common condition in women
Blood test can detect brain damage in amateur boxers
Lesezeichen setzen
Seite versenden
HTML-Code zum Verweis auf diese Seite:
<a href="http://www.uni-protokolle.de/nachrichten/id/182868/">Risks involved with transgenic fish </a>


text:
Neglected British History
This work may need to be standardized using Wikisource's style guidelines.
If you'd like to help, please review the help pages.
NEGLECTED BRITISH HISTORYEdit
By W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, F.R.S.
Read November 7, 1917
By any one reading the best modern authorities on history, it would hardly be expected that the fullest account that we have of early British history is entirely ignored. While we may see a few, and contemptuous, references to Nennius or Gildas, the name of the so-called Tysilio's Chronicle is never given, nor is any use made of its record. Yet it is of the highest value, for, as we shall see farther on, the internal evidence shows that it is based on British documents extending back to the first century. The best MS. of it appears to be in the Book of Basingwerk (W F Skene, Four Ancient Books of Wales, 11, 24.); it was printed in Welsh in the Myvyrian Archaiology, of which a second edition appeared in 1870. It was translated into English by Peter Roberts, and published in 1811, and a second edition in 1862. This translation is now so rare that I cannot hear of any obtainable copy, and could only work on it by having one of the British Museum copies type-written. Sir John Rhys, who had edited the Welsh, had never heard of an English translation, but found a copy of the first edition in the Bodleian, when I inquired of him. There is no mention of this chronicle, or use of it, by the Encyclopaedia Britannica, S. R. Gardiner, C. I. Elton, J. R. Green, Rice Holmes in his study of Caesar, Haverfield in the Cambridge Mediaeval History, nor in the great collection of the Monumenta Historica Britannica. Even Dr. Hodgkin, when discussing both Geoffrey who copied from Tysilio, and also the Breton Brut from which Tysilio originates, ignores Tysilio; as also do the recent studies by Baldwin Brown, Munro Chadwick, T. W. Shore, J. W. Jeudwine, E McClure, and Henry Sharpe. When specially dealing with Arthurian writings both Thomas Wright and Ernest Rhys refer back to Geoffrey without a hint of his source in Tysilio. Strangest of all, a recent study by Professor Lewis Jones, on the earliest Arthurian records, spends pages on Nennius, never mentions Tysilio, and then suggests that Geoffrey had a large stock of popular traditions to draw upon, although in reality there is scarcely anything about Arthur in Geoffrey that he did not draw from Tysilio. The Professor deals with Geoffrey at length, stating that 'his use of the Brutus legend constitutes the claim of his History to rank as the first of a long series of Bruts'; yet the whole Brut legend comes from Tysilio, and the still earlier Brut in Breton of AD 940. He states that the British history said to be in Armorica 'has never yet been discovered'; yet it is known there at least as far back as 940. He adds: 'No document either in Welsh or in Breton has' yet been found even remotely resembling that which Walter the archdeacon is said to have brought over from Brittany'; yet the whole document is published, with Walter's colophon complete. Such an ignoring of public documents seems impossible; yet this is issued authoritatively by the Cambridge Press in 1911. It is justifiable, then, to speak of the Neglect of British History. This general disappearance of a book of primary importance, of which two English editions were issued in the last century, shows how easily historical material may be lost to use, even while many writers are handling the subject.
The only excuse for this neglect of Tysilio is an occasional allegation that his work is an abridgement of Geoffrey. To judge of this I have prepared a copy in parallel columns of Tysilio, Gildas, Nennius, and Geoffrey. The close connexion of Tysilio and Geoffrey is obvious throughout; the test lies in the definite statements in each which are omitted by the other. The statements peculiar to Tysilio are the lengths of reigns of four British kings and a few details; for these Geoffrey had no use in his flowery style; but if Tysilio had copied from him, why should such obscure points be introduced or invented by an abbreviator? On the other hand, two important passages occur in Geoffrey—the long account of the Diocletian persecution and the description of Maxentius, neither of which are hinted at in Tysilio, but which would have been as suitable as any others for him. One of these Geoffrey has taken from Gildas, the other I have not traced, but it might be drawn from any Roman history. Thus the test of inclusion and omission confirms the first impression, and the express statement, that Geoffrey is a flowery expansion, rather than Tysilio being an abbreviation. In this view Stephens agrees, in his Literature of the Kymry, 1876.
In naming the original authorities in this paper, the names of Tysilio, Nennius, and Gildas are merely used as brief labels, which are enough to specify certain known works. The questions of real authorship, of original dates of compositions, and of successive MSS. are quite outside of my scope here, which is only to call attention to the historical value of writings which are at present ignored. In any case the name of Tysilio has merely been given to a. chronicle by guesswork, but it is useful as a label.
It is a misfortune that the Celtic mind prefers literature to history. Celtic writers of the present day may be greatly attracted by the later Arthurian legends, and their mythologic connexions, and write on them at great length; but they will not give any of this attention to the historical discussions of the real facts, on which the immense pile of romance has been raised. The fiction occupies twenty times the space of the historical material in the Encyclopaedia. It is this constitutional frame of mind in both Welsh and Irish which, from ancient to modern times, has prejudiced the solid information which rests in their hands. Had Geoffrey not so largely dressed up the chronicle of Tysilio as literature, it would have stood a much better chance of a hearing as history; and when once Geoffrey became discredited by his method, he impaired reliance on his source.
Comparison of Caesar and Tysilio.Edit
If the history of Tysilio be regarded as a mediaeval compilation, it must have been drawn from some classic source. Taking for comparison the most detailed part, the account of Caesar's invasions, we may set aside at once Paterculus, Appian, and Plutarch, as they scarcely mention Britain. Livy, book cv, might have been a possible source if not drawn from Caesar, and if we can suppose this lost book to have been known in the west of England in the twelfth century, while no other MS. of his history is known here. Cotta mentioned the invasion in his work on Roman polity, but there is no reason to suppose that he wrote a history of the second invasion, in which he took part. In Dion Cassius there is very little that could not have been drawn from Caesar, and was probably so derived, though written without a Caesarian bias. It is, therefore, Caesar's account alone that can be used to compare with Tysilio, or could have served as material to a Welsh compiler. As during this period there is nothing in Geoffrey which is not based on Tysilio, it is sufficient to compare Tysilio with Caesar, in order to see if the British or Welsh account was based upon Caesar, or if it drew from other sources. It must be expected that accounts written by opposed races should differ, not only by making intentional omissions, and by the natural tendency to dwell on successes - modern bulletins show the same, - but also by ignorance about the personages of the enemy, and ignorance about their actions behind the fighting front, about their intentions, and their plans. It is, then, not only in correspondence as to main facts, but also in one-sided discrepancies, that we may look for evidence of the truth and originality of an account.
In Tysilio the letters of summons by Caesar, and reply by Caswallon or Cassivellaunus, are like the speeches in Thucydides and Livy - what the compiler thought likely. But there is an idea of the age put in: 'the excessive avarice of the Romans cannot suffer the inhabitants of an island, remote as this, . . . to live in peace.' Caesar, in his recital, suppressed the plunder motive, and only lightly names tribute at the last, though he never got any. The later Romans, when there was little in the world left to plunder, impressed others by their power and tradition; but the plunder motive was the mainspring in the earlier time, and is here put forward. It is certainly not a mediaeval view of Caesar.
The gathering ground of the Britons is stated by Tysilio to have been at Doral, in Geoffrey Dorobellum. This Doral appears to be the British form of Durolevum; and as in Low Latin minuscule l might easily he mistaken for b, and u for ll, Durolevum could pass into Dorobellum. Durolevum was midway between Rochester and Canterbury. It would be an excellent rendezvous in the uncertainty whether Caesar was striking at the Channel coast, the Medway, or the Thames. Such a rendezvous would be unknown to Caesar, and naturally not mentioned by him. Tysilio represents that the landing had already taken place during the British gathering - that is to say, the main forces and leaders were not present at the landing, but only local levies, which he ignores. Now in Caesar is a long and very spirited account of the landing, the great difficulties, the dismay of the legionaries, their great confusion, and the very successful opposition of the Britons riding into the waves. Is it conceivable that a strongly British writer could have ignored all this if he were compiling from Caesar? And would he, in an imaginative work, have represented all the British leaders as being absent at such a landing? Caesar himself agrees that he was by no means happy in the business. He could barely repel the Britons, and could not pursue them because his cavalry had been unable to land. This prevented his usual good fortune, as he complacently writes. He lays stress on his difficulties, the wreck of ships at the high tide, the hopes of the Britons to cut short negotiation and attack him again, and his remaining in the dark about the British movements, which he could only suspect might happen; he describes the attack of the Britons upon the foragers, and gives another spirited description at length of the mode of fighting on chariots, the extraordinary ability of driving, and the dismay of the Romans at being thus attacked. Is it in the least credible that Tysilio, if he ever saw this account, should not have triumphantly copied it? Then storms set in, Caesar demands hostages, not one of whom are given, and only two states sent over hostages afterwards to Gaul, probably as spies. Lastly, Caesar hurried away without any material result.
The natural conclusion of the Britons is that 'Caesar himself fled with disgrace, and with much difficulty', and that the Gauls were against him, hearing that he had been defeated. Exactly so Caesar states that the Gauls rose, and the troops from Britain had a hard fight for four hours against 6,000 men, not the suitable greeting for a conqueror's return.
Tysilio then states that Caesar began to build the fort of Odina, at some distance from the sea of Moran, or the Morini. There is no place mentioned with the name of Odina; but Caesar states that - among other dispositions - he had sent troops to the Lexovii (Lisieux), and the river Olina there suggests the original of Odina. If so, this gives a presumption that the British account was in Greek letters, confounding Λ and Δ. Yet the name cannot have been borrowed from Caesar, as he does not mention it. Tysilio next describes the rejoicing over the British victory, as they reasonably deemed it. This was checked by the death of Nyniaw, the brother of Caswallon, after a fight at the embarkation, which he states was with Caesar himself. As Caesar does not name it, this was probably with some subordinate commander.
The second expedition is stated by Tysilio to have been two years later; really only one winter elapsed. Here comes in the story of the stakes of iron sunk below the water to protect the passage up the Thames, and the wreck of Caesar's ships upon them. According to Caesar he never tried to pass up the Thames, and the stakes were at a ford across the Thames. This shows confusion of detail, but it entirely disproves copying. It may be that Caesar had seized some ships on the south shore of the Thames, and tried to use them for crossing, but was checked by the stakes. Such might be turned by tradition into a defence of the Thames by stakes against shipping. Caesar states that upon landing he pushed back the Britons, 'but forbade his men to pursue them in their flight any great distance.' The next morning, as he was setting out, comes the crushing news of the second wreck of his transport base. He recalls all his men, fortifies his base camp, working night and day for ten days, and drawing all the ships up into the camp for safety. He thus withdrew entirely from British view. Tysilio states that, being 'compelled to fly', he returned to Gaul; this was a very natural inference, but shows how little the Britons knew of the Roman movements. Again, copying from Caesar or any Roman source is impossible.
Here Caesar skilfully breaks the narrative, and describes the country and people, to draw off attention from his difficulties. He confesses to vigorous attacks on his camp, and the death of a tribune, Laberius, which is probably the source of the previous British claim to the death of Labienus. The shift of date may be due to tradition; it cannot agree with copying.
Caswallon regarding the retirement of Caesar as a victory, held a great feast in London. Daring this there was tilting, in accord with the custom shown by the tilting casques (See Curle, Roman Frontier Post, 170 - 80). One nephew of Caswallon was accidentally killed by a nephew of Avarwy, who was also a nephew of Caswallon. This led to treachery, and Avarwy went over to Caesar, and offered to betray Caswallon. There is no evidence that he is the Mandubratius named by Caesar, and the parentage and the date of joining with Caesar are against it. If Caesar's narrative had been the original of Tysilio these differences in name and detail would scarcely occur.
Caesar then states that though he had his cavalry he was no better off than before. He found that the Britons drew them on, and then dismounting, attacked the horses on foot. His men 'were little suited to this kind of enemy', and the Britons arranged relays of fresh men to take up the fight. On all this skill in war Tysilio is entirely silent. It seems impossible that he had ever read of it, but it is natural that a British account would not dwell on methods which were usual. Caesar next describes his attack on the city, or forest fortress, of Caswallon, which he took. He states that Caswallon wrote to the kings of Kent to attack the base. Tysilio knew the other side, which was unknown to Caesar, that Caswallon himself went to Kent to make the attack.
Caesar states the British attack on the base, and its repulse, with the result of Caswallon sending ambassadors to treat with Caesar. Tysilio states that Caswallon was personally in the defeat near Canterbury, fled to a hill fort, and after two days' siege sent to entreat the traitor Avarwy to make peace with Caesar. Peace being concluded, with promise of a tribute of 3,000 lb. of gold and silver, they all went to London, and Caesar wintered there. This is far less favourable to the Britons than Caesar's account, that he demanded hostages, prescribed tribute (none of which was paid), and went back to Gaul as quickly as he could. If the record of such a retreat was before Tysilio, would he have said that Caesar stayed in London? Thus it appears that the British account is in its main lines substantially in accord with Caesar, but with frequent minor discrepancies and side-lights, all naturally due to opposite points of view. Such, however, entirely disprove copying, either from Caesar or any other Latin source. The passages of Caesar which are most favourable to the Britons - the hard-fought landing against skilled horsemen, the brilliant chariot fighting later, the skilful relays in fighting and sudden dismounting, rendering Caesar's cavalry useless - all these passages, which would have been golden to a British compiler, are never even hinted. On the other hand, Tysilio knew nothing of the two great storms, nor of Caesar's difficulties; he does not name Mandubratius, nor any of the tribes named by Caesar; he lets out that Caswallon was personally defeated in Kent, and had to surrender; and he states that Caesar stayed the winter in London. It seems on every account to be entirely impossible to suppose that Tysilio, or his sources, were compiled from Caesar's narrative. If not, then, as no other Latin narrative is known or would be applicable, we are bound to refer this strongly British account to a British source.
The British source was not quite contemporary, the small errors, as to Laberius being killed in the first campaign, as to the use of the stakes, and Caesar staying in London, show that some time had passed before writing. But the narrative is too close to place it much beyond the actual eyewitnesses.
With some probability we may learn more about the original document. Various places are named in it naturally, as scenes of important events, such as York, London, Winchester, Silchester, and Cirencester. But one place is named most often, and yet without any necessity. Claudius is stated to have founded Gloucester. Gweyrydd (Aruiragus) was buried at Gloucester. Lles (Lucius) died and was buried at Gloucester. Coel, who fought Asclepiodotus, was Earl of Gloucester. Eidiol, Earl of Gloucester, killed many Saxons at the Ambresbury massacre of Britons; again, he captured Hengest; again with his brother the Bishop of Gloucester, he condemned Hengest; at last, he executed him. Then the Bishop of Gloucester was elected Archbishop of London. Here in eight passages Gloucester is named in details not necessary to the history. This points to the original document of Tysilio being the chronicle of the kingdom of Gloucester. That the Roman conquest had reached the Severn at Gloucester at the beginning of the Claudian war is shown by Dion Cassius; thus there is no improbability in a Romanized Briton, such as one of the hostages educated by Augustus, having started a chronicle by A.D. 45, or just a century after the attack by Julius. Those contemporary with such a writer would have heard the personal accounts of the Britons who fought Julius. Such a chronicle, kept up at the back of the British position, could continue unbroken till far on in the Saxon conquest, and would finally pass into Wales for safety. It is in agreement with this Western source that the great revolt of Boudicca is never mentioned in Tysilio, again showing his independence of Tacitus.
The account by Dion Cassius seems to distrust a large part of Caesar's narrative. The advance across the Thames, and the capture of the town of Cassivellaunus, are not mentioned, and in this the British account agrees. Yet this latter is not derived from Dion, as it differs in the interval between the two invasions (two years for one), in the return to Gaul after the second storm, and in Caesar staying the winter in London. Dion, therefore, is not the source of Tysilio, though both agree in disregarding Caesar's attack on Cassivellaunus.
Notes on Tysilio, Nennius, and Gildas.Edit
The Caesarean war, which has been discussed above, is briefly summarized by Nennius, who mistook Durobellum for a General Dolobellus, showing that the corruption from Durolevum was earlier than his writing. He keeps the mistake about Caesar having made a third transit to Britain, owing to not knowing of his stay on the coast. This is proof that Nennius only followed Tysilio, and not Caesar, and he does not name Caesar in his authorities. A fragment from Roman history then comes in about Julius. The reason that Caesar's invasion does not appear in Gildas is obvious - it had no place in his theological tract, and it is absurd to suppose that he was therefore ignorant of it.
The Claudian war is all attributed to Claudius personally, a mixture of principal and agent which is venial. The reduction of the 'Orkneys' is a natural confusion of name; it merely means the seals' island, and seals' island, Selsey, or any other sealing island might thus get the name from the 'Scythian' adventurers. The affair of Genuissa, daughter of Claudius, who was brought from Rome and married to Gweyrydd, son of Cynvelin (Cunobelin), was just a piece of state policy to keep hold of a distant ruler. The 'daughter' was no doubt some intriguing Italian girl, nominally adopted by Claudius to give her status and protection in her remote outpost. She earned her place later by reconciling her rebellious husband to Vespasian, and getting him to swear-in to Rome, and perhaps to find the promised tribute. Of the Roman campaigns in northern Britain there is scarcely a trace in Tysilio. Meurig apparently took part as ally with the Romans, for the repulse of the Pictish invasion is credited to him. There is no trace of the great revolt of Boudicca, either in Tysilio or Nennius, true to the western nature of the chronicle. Gildas, with his Roman bias, described it, as it suited his denunciations. All through these periods there is nothing in Geoffrey which is beyond a verbal amplification of Tysilio.
The Lucius question next arises. To judge of this we must look at the whole of the statements about the rise of the British Church. We must carefully keep to the authorities, as confusion has arisen by modern authors making arbitrary identification of the east British or London family of Caswallon with the west British or Silurian family of Caradog. The actual statements of the triads name two generations before Caradog (Caratacus) and three after him - Llyr, Bran, Caradog, Cyllin, Coel, Lleirwg. From triads 18 and 35 Bran was seven years a hostage in Rome for his son Caradog - implying that Caradog was sent back to rule in Britain. The seven years, therefore, would be from A.D. 51 to 58. From Rome he 'brought the faith of Christ to the Cambrians'. Looking at the Epistle to the Romans, written A.D. 58, the obvious strength of Christianity then, its hold in Caesar's household, where Bran was a hostage, and its political position under Nero, there is nothing in the least improbable in a British hostage in Rome being among converts by A.D. 58. In triad 62 Lleurwg, the great-grandson of Caradog, 'first gave land, and the privilege of the country (i.e. position of native free-men) to those who first dedicated themselves to the faith of Christ', and he founded the first archbishopric, that of Llandav. This would be about A.D. 130 to 160. Three generations for such a spread of influence, from one of the royal family is certainly not too short a time.
Next comes the account in Tysilio and the Liber Pontificalis that Lles (Lucius) sent to Eleutherius, 'soon after his entrance upon the pontificate', or about A.D. 180, for missioners from Rome. If the west British rulers had already started official Christianity a generation or two earlier, there is nothing unlikely in this movement. That Christianity was firmly established in even remote parts of Britain at the close of the second century is shown by Tertullian stating that 'the Britons in parts inaccessible to the Romans, Christ has truly subdued' (Adv. Iud.; p 180, edit. 1664). Collateral with this is the great importance of the Gallic Church under Irenaeus A.D. 180. The later stage, of the British bishops in A.D. 814 attending the Council of Arles, brings the development into the full course of ecclesiastical history. In this growth thus recorded there is not a single stage that is historically inconsistent or improbable. Further agreeing with this is the genealogy of Vortigern in Nennius (49), where, amid purely British names, Paul occurs at about A.D. 175.
The Lucius mission is named under Eleutherius in the Liber Pontificalis. Bede has the same information. Platina (Bart. Sacchi) In 1479 gives the names of the missioners as Fugatius and Damianus, and states that there were 25 flamens, of whom 3 were arch-flamens, i.e. 22 + 3, in place of whom bishops and archbishops were appointed. Tysilio gives the names Dyvan and Fagan, and the numbers as 30 and 3 superiors, i.e. 30 + 3, stating also that the three archbishops were of London, York, and Caerleon. Geoffrey copies this, except that his numbers are 28 +3. Clearly Tysilio and Platina have a common source, or the latter copied from the former. Can it be supposed that Platina, about 1475, drew from Tysilio, or Geoffrey, these details to amplify the Liber Pontificalis? Is not this the case of British history surviving at Rome, as in the work of Ponticus Virunnius, who quotes writings of Gildas which are now lost? A good example of the ignorance of editors occurs when Bede here names Marcus Antoninus Verus and his brother Aurelius Commodus, on which the comment is that no such emperors ever reigned together. Yet Marcus Verus had the name Antoninus by adoption (commonly called Aurelius), and Lucius Commodus had the name of Aurelius (commonly called Verus). That Bede gives the legal names, and not the popular names, proves that he was quoting from an official document, and knew more than his editor.
The myth of Bassianus having a British mother is a confusion, as in the succeeding account about Caron (Carausius) defeating Bassianus. This has been looked on as a total anachronism, on the supposition that there was but one Bassianus, Caracalla. There was, however, a second Bassianus of great importance, brother-in-law of Constantine, who, when on the threshold of the Empire, was executed on suspicion of a plot in AD 314(Anon. Valesii, see Gibbon). Supposing him to have been fifty years of age then, he would have been twenty-five at the revo1t of Carausius, when he might quite possibly have been in command in Britain; and he would have been born in 264 and might be a son of either of the Bassi, consuls in 258, 259. With such a personage high in the Imperial court we cannot accuse Tysilio of certain error in writing of Carausius overcoming Bassianus. The difficult question of the sources of Hector Boece here arises. He describes at length the rise of Carausius, and definitely names the Roman governor Quintus Bassianus. John of Fordun also names the governor Bassianus as sent by the emperors from Rome. It seems unlikely that these details were concocted four centuries ago out of the meagre and confused account of Bassianus in Tysilio and Geoffrey. If this be independent, we must grant original value to the sources of the Scottish historian.
Allectus is called by Boece 'the Roman legate', and this agrees with the Senatorial commission to Allectus stated by Tysilio. The whole of this confused period of Carausius, Allectus, Asclepiodotus, and Constantius, needs rewriting with a critical appreciation of the sources of the British and Scottish chroniclers. For the first time Geoffrey oversteps Tysilio and borrows from Gildas. It is impossible in a paper to discuss all the contacts of the several accounts, but a few points of importance should be noted. Rarely Geoffrey gets facts additional to Tysilio, such as the account of Maxentius (v. 7); hence we must not reject the statement of 100,000 Britons and 30,000 soldiers being emigrated to Gaul. The strongly Cornish character of Breton was held by Dr. Hodgkin to justify the belief in a large migration (Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Soc., 1910). These numbers are not in Tysilio; but, strikingly, Tysilio gives the numbers of the later female migrations as 1,100 and 6,000, just a tenth of those in Geoffrey's copy. Yet these latter can hardly be his invention, as the 11,000 instead of 1,100 appear in the Brut chronicle in Brittany of about 940 (See note in Hodgkin R.C.P.S. p.12). We must look to the historical conditions. The large migration of men is often referred to later, as a cause of the weakness in face of the Picts. It must therefore have been a large part of the fighting population. They required their women-folk to follow. How many could go in a voyage? The channel shipping had been raised to a high condition by Carausius, a couple of generations earlier. If we allow that it equalled that under Edward III it cannot be an overestimate. At the battle of Sluys about 300 vessels were engaged. Caesar raised 800 vessels in the channel for his transports (v. 8) and could carry 150 men in each (iv. 22, 37). Hence there is not the least difficulty as to 10,000 or 20,000 emigrants having been afloat at once in the channel. In triad 68 the British fleet is put at 360 ships of 120 sailors each, total 43000.
With regard to the mythical matter in Geoffrey, his own declarations seem to have been disregarded. In all the period that we have been noting there is nothing more than a florid expansion of Tysilio, except in a few fresh passages, mainly from Nennius and Gildas. But at the beginning of book vii he writes: 'I had not got thus far in my history, when the subject of public discourse happening to be concerning Merlin, I was obliged to publish his prophecies at the request of my acquaintance.' He then gives book vii, which is not in Tysilio; and continues with viii to x, including all the Arthurian French legend, which is based on Tysilio. Not till book xi does he care to vouch for his history again: 'Of the matter now to be treated of Geoffrey of Monmouth shall be silent; but will . . . briefly relate what he found in the British book above mentioned.' Thus he very clearly withdraws from vouching as history the whole of books viii - x. This is Herodotean caution. In book xi onward to the close Geoffrey gives a mere expansion of Tysilio. It is therefore pretty clear that Tysilio is the essential basis of Geoffrey, expanded much as Livy might have expanded his sentences. In the middle some use is made of Nennius and of Gildas, showing direct verbal copying; a few authentic pieces come from some other sources. The bulk of the mythical matter, and also much that seems least certain in Tysilio, is distinctly borrowed by Geoffrey, as romance introduced by request, but not drawn from his ancient sources. Thus Geoffrey is fully justified when he begins by stating 'Walter archdeacon of Oxford . . . offered me a very ancient book in the British tongue which . . . related the actions of' all the British kings: and ending that he advises other writers 'to be silent concerning the kings of the Britons since they have not that book written in the British tongue which Walter archdeacon of Oxford brought out of Brittany'. For at the end of the Welsh Tysilio is the colophon, 'I Walter, archdeacon of Oxford, translated this book from the Welsh into Latin, and in my old age have again translated it from the Latin into Welsh.' That such a work did exist long before Walter is guaranteed by the 'Brut y Brenhined, written in Brittany in the Breton dialect in the time of Athelstan (925 - 941) by an insular Briton. . . . All the main points of the story, the bringing over Maximus from Rome . . . down to the fable of the 11,000 virgins, all these are to be found in the Brut y Brenhined'. Thus writes Dr. Hodgkin, quoting from the Biographie Bretonne (R.C.P.S. 1910, p. 12). There is no reason whatever, therefore, to doubt Walter's statement that he brought the book out of Brittany, nor Geoffrey's statement that he used Walter's manuscript. The material plainly lies before us.
General Character of the Saxon Immigration.Edit
When we see the strong reasons for accepting Tysilio as contemporary history, we must largely modify the current views as to the Saxon immigration, it is represented by Tysilio as a long and gradual process, fluctuating in extent, always supported by a large party of the natives, and therefore always open freely to mixture with the native population. This is entirely in accord with the various statements of the triads. 'The Saxons came to this island in peace and by the permission of the tribe of the Cambrians, and . . . in the protection of the country and of the tribe, and by treachery . . . confederated themselves in Lloegria (England) and Alban (Scotland) where they still reside' (9). 'Vortigern . . . first invited the Saxons to the Island as his defenders' (21, 100). Medrawd . . . united with the Saxons . . . who violently usurped the sovereignty of the Isle of Britain, and murdered and cruelly used every person of the Cambrian race who would not join them' (100, 21, 45). 'The three arrogant ones . . . brought anarchy in the Isle of Britain; and those who were influenced by this anarchy, united with the Saxons, and finally became Saxons' (74). 'Aeddan, the traitor of the north, who with his men made submission to the power of the Saxons, so that they might be able to support themselves by confusion and pillage under the protection of the Saxons '(45). 'The Coranians are settled about the Humber. . . . The Coranians and the Saxons united and by violence and conquest brought the Lloegrians (of England) into confederacy with them. . . . And there remained none of the Lloegrians that did not become Saxons, except those that are found in Cornwall, and in the commot of Carnoban in Deira and Bernicia' (7). From all these references it is clear that the contemporary British view was that the population submitted in most parts to the Saxons and became mixed with them. The view given by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is only that of the scattered series of successful battles by the Saxons, where peaceful penetration broke down; it is the most favourable view for them, yet what does it amount to? The Saxon was never more than a day's march from a creek for his boats till after the collapse following Arthur. It is thus only a record of short raids and coast-squatting for a century. There is therefore no contradiction with the British accounts, which show that the Saxons were repeatedly beaten and ejected when they tried to hold the interior of the country. This bears strongly on the mixture of race, which left many parts more Celtic than Saxon. Abstracting the later Danish migration, the most un-Celtic regions, Sussex and Hampshire, were mainly forest and without a fixed Celtic population. The Saxon dominated where there was least existing habitation. Another point strongly shown by the internal view given by Tysilio is the frequent and ready change of allegiance. In the tribal state a personal quarrel breaks the bond, which in the national state is too strong to be cut through. Hence we see Avarwy going over to Caesar, Vortigern and his party agreeing with the Saxons, Cadwallon fighting side by side with Penda, as freely as Alcibiades or Themistocles changed sides in older days. We cannot from our present national standpoint at all estimate what men were likely to do in a state of society so different to our own. All of this again enforces the probability of continual fusion of Saxon and Briton during the immigration.
Another point of view which has grown up from unfortunately reading only the Saxon Chronicle, is that Continental immigration began suddenly with the 'three keels'. The evidence of tradition, and of tribal names, shows that there had been a continual flow of population into Britain before the Roman age. The Atrebates, the Belgae, the Parisii, the Brigantes, and others, are equally familiar names on both sides of the channel. Nor was this process stopped even by Rome: it was only regulated. Rome brought over masses of troops largely recruited from the Continent, even to the Huns on the Wall. Aurelius brought multitudes of the Marcomanni to settle in Britain. Similarly did Probus, with the colonies of Vandals and Burgundians. The Franks raided the south and occupied London under Allectus. Constantine was accompanied by the king of the Alamanni - and doubtless a good following - when he came over to Britain. Valentinian removed Fraomar and his tribe of Alamanni into Britain. Ammianus describes the Saxons and Franks ravaging Britain in 364 and 368, and a defeat of the Saxons in 374. This last was probably connected with the settlement mentioned in Nennius, of Saxons in 374 being received into Britain (discussed in H. 163). After all this continual flow of immigrants it seems impossible to refuse the direct evidence of Continental immigration, such as the frequent finds of coins of the second and third century with burials of Continental type. By clinging to the Saxon Chronicle, and its ignorance of all that went on before 449, the archaeological evidence has been rejected and a water-tight compartment of Britain has been formulated, which was never true of any century of its history. To enter on the evidence in detail is outside the present scope, but the general view of Tysilio accords fully with the recorded migrations and the archaeological evidence.
The general conclusions to which we are led are:
- That there was a British record of Caesar's attack written in entire ignorance of Caesar's account, but closely according with it.
- That this British account was the basis of the chronicle of the kingdom of Gloucester, and passed on into the history known by the name of Tysilio.
- That the Brut legend was written about the time of Claudius.
- That there is nothing improbable in all the relations with Rome, at least down to the fifth century, as represented in Tysilio.
- That statements of marvels by Geoffrey are carefully withdrawn by him from historic materials and treated as fabulous.
- That there is no doubt as to the dependence of Geoffrey on Walter, and of Walter on an earlier manuscript, probably Breton, for the British history, as stated by those writers.
- That the Hengest invasion is dated by Celtic sources to A.D. 428, and the Saxon date is in error. Arthur reigned from 467-493, thus rendering possible the account of his French expedition.
- That the Continental immigration, and mixture with the native population, was continuous from long before the Roman age, onward to our own day.
- That the historical triads were compiled from before A.D. 450 down to the twelfth century, but received no accretions since then.
- That the laws of Moelmud show the pagan British civilization, at least as early as the Roman age.
The present requirement for British History, so much neglected, is a scholar in Old Welsh, Breton, Irish, and late Latin, accustomed to palaeography, who will deal as an historian, and not as a mythologist, with the following sources:- The Brut y Brenhined of A.D. 940, in Breton; all MSS. of Tysilio, of the Historia Britonum or Nennius, and of Gildas, tracing their descent and various dates of issue; the chroniclers, as Henry of Huntingdon, Hector Boece, John of Fordun, &c., to discriminate how far other sources of material - now perished - were used by them; the Irish Annals; the Mabinogion, the triads, the laws, and other literature which may embody historical detail. From these a consecutive narrative should be framed, from which suitable outlines might some day penetrate the general school books.
The following books will be useful in preliminary studies: - ROBERTS, Peter, Chronicle of the Kings 1811. (Bodleian, Douse T., 301.) (Tysilio.) 2nd edit. 1862. (Brit. Mus. 9510 e 2.)
GUNN, W., Historia Britonum, 1819. Original and translation.
MOMMSEN, Historia Britonum.
GILES, J. A., Historia Britonum, or Nennius, in Six Chronicles, 1885. (Bohn.)
ZIMMER, Nennius Vindicatus, 1893. (An outline of the latter is In McClure (Edmund), British Place-Names, 128, 152.)
GILDAS and GEOFFREY, in Giles's translations, Six Chronicles, 1885. (Bohn.)
HAIGH, Daniel H., Conquest of Britain by the Saxons, 1861. Useful in parts for references to a large amount of incidental material, original results on dating, and defence of Arthur's French wars.
POSTE, Beale, Britannic Researches, 1883. Useful references to incidental material; see pp. 194-206 on Tysilio and Geoffrey.
POSTE, Beale, Britannia Antiqua, 1857. Much incidental material. The general historical constructions of Poste and Haigh should be considered, though much vitiated by untrustworthy methods.
HODGKIN, Thomas, Cornwall and Brittany: Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, 1910. Valuable for reference to the Armorican Brut y Brenhined of 940, and the Riotamus Expedition.
WEBB, Percy H., Coins of Carausius, Numis. Chron. 1908. Text of authorities for the period and full statement of coins.
SHARPE, Henry, ;;Britain B.C. 1910. A geographical study of coast changes in relation to Caesar's invasions which are discussed with all classical authorities.
PROBERT, William, Ancient Laws of Cambria 1823. Laws of Moelmud and of Howel, and the historical triads.
SKENE, W. F., The Four Ancient Books of Wales. 1868.
STEPHEN, Thomas, Literature of the Kymry. 1876.
- Geoffrey of Monmouth, History of the Kings of Britain

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Offered for sale is a sealed stereo copy of Julie London's 1955 debut LP, Julie Is Her Name, with the record still sealed in the original perforated plastic inner sleeve.
About this copy: The copy offered for sale has the record still sealed in the original plastic inner sleeve. The record is new and unplayed. The cover is VG++, with just hints of wear at the top front and a couple of minor dents on the corners.
A beautiful still sealed copy of a record that's quite hard to find in stereo.
Background: Julie London may best be remembered today for her roles on television in the 1970s, but from 1955 through 1969 she cut nearly 30 albums for Liberty Records, most with alluring cheesecake covers. Don't be fooled by the covers, though – these are great recordings, especially her early work recorded with jazz ensembles. Her debut LP, Julie is Her Name, featured Barney Kessell on guitar as well as her biggest hit, Cry Me a River.
While this LP was first issued in 1955 on the green Liberty label, it wasn't released in stereo until 1960 on the multicolor label used at the time. The stereo pressings of this album are rechanneled stereo.
You can listen to "Cry Me a River" here:
This record is eligible for PayPal Credit financing by PayPal. U.S. customers may choose to pay later at checkout, and may receive up to six months financing with no interest. Click the banner below for more information. (opens in a popup window)


text:
Your ecommerce website is the backbone of your online business. An online store not only offers you a space to sell your products and services on the internet, but also provides you an advertising medium and a communication portal to attract and engage with customers. But ecommerce development can often be a complex process when compared to non-transaction-based websites, since the smallest of errors can impact your revenue, profit and business growth.
As a leading web development agency, we have been instrumental in helping many businesses effectively and successfully market their products and services on the internet.
We offer you industry-leading ecommerce web development solutions customized according to the nature and size of your business. We have exceptional design and development teams that combine their creative genius with the powerful capabilities of some of the biggest ecommerce platforms in the world like OsCommerce, BigCommerce, Shopify, WordPress, and Drupal.
Have a peek at our work.
A customized e-commerce portal can be a shot in the arm for any business' retail and sales efforts, in addition to being an online space to implement personalized marketing strategies. It can also save businesses the cost of setting up and maintaining a physical store while allowing easy expansion and growth.
Set up a customized e-commerce portal, designed to cater to your distinct portfolio and tailored to meet your unique business goals.Talk to us
Ecommerce web development is much more than just good design and great showcasing. You should be able to integrate your existing inventory systems, CRM, shipping services and online payment gateways into your new ecommerce website. Our ecommerce web development services help build your brand's digital assets to offer more advanced functionalities, while facilitating a seamless integration of your site with existing and new applications that help you better manage your business.
It is important for any modern online business to ensure that their ecommerce website is able to offer the same great experience across the variety of mobile and desktop devices available in the market. Opting for responsive web design allows websites to adjust to the screen size of devices used to access them. We offer you beautifully designed responsive ecommerce websites that can offer your customers the same exceptional user experience, whatever device they may visit to your website from.
The modern consumer has tiny attention spans. Any website that doesn't capture their attention, engage them effectively or offer them what they are looking for within a few clicks will miss out on any chance of selling to them. Our ecommerce websites are strategically optimized to offer the kind of extraordinary user experience that not only helps customers find what they're looking for, but also inspire them to return to your website again and again.
CMS-based websites allow even those with limited technical knowledge to easily manage their websites. Building an ecommerce website on a content management system affords growing businesses the chance to run a dynamic and mouldable digital presence without having to spend money on a dedicated technical team. We can offer you powerful CMS-based websites, customised specifically to your needs, while offering powerful functionality and easy management and updation of products and pages.
Modern SEO is about much more than keywords. A website's design and how a visitor experiences a website has a big role to play in improving its rankings in the search engine results pages, especially with the new updates released search providers like Google, Bing etc. GMI's ecommerce websites are designed keeping these factors in mind to achieve a trifecta of results - improving customer experience, promoting more shares and revisits, and improving the website's ranking on search pages. Should you desire, you also can engage our SEO & Analytics experts for improving your revenue stream through full-fledged search engine optimisation, conversion rate optimisation and cart abandonment rate analysis even after your website has been live for some time.
From layered navigation, advanced search, wish lists, favorites, product comparisons, multi store feature, email list, grouped products and content management system, Magneto has a host of features for static pages as well as SEO performance. Global Media Insight has delivered robust ecommerce websites built on the Magento platform that stand apart from the other storefronts on the web today.Learn More
One of the most popular ecommerce platforms in the market today, the open source Woocommerce comes loaded with plug-ins. WooCommerce arms you with immense possibilities and variations for your online store. You can sell your wares, be it physical or digital in multiple variations and configurations. With 18 years of experience in offering digital marketing solutions to the companies in the UAE, Middle East and India, Global Media Insight has the capacity to provide WooCommerce plugin development, theme customization and maintenance services, supported by our agile team of ecommerce developers and designers.Learn More
The user-friendly, feature-rich and robust Drupal ecommerce platform work as superlative Content Management Systems and ecommerce platform. Drupal ecommerce lets you create smart ecommerce websites with complex and robust capabilities that can be maintained with a web browser. Backed by more than 18 years in digital media, GMI's ecommerce experts can build highly customized and effective Drupal Commerce websites that can grow as your business expands.Learn More
One of the most popular content management systems used in the world today, WordPress is a favourite even among the top Fortune 500 companies. With the innate capacity which allows users to manage and update content, WordPress comes with several add-on features and plugins and now can be evolved into a stable ecommerce website as well. The WordPress Store Manager is easy to manage and lets you add an unlimited array of products to your store under numerous categories. GMI's expert team of ecommerce Super Specialists can assist you in building robust, customizable, scalable and efficient ecommerce solutions with WordPress Ecommerce.Learn More
Packed with a multitude of personalized business strategies, Shopify is capable of drastically cutting down on development and design resources, costs and processes while offering a fantastic opportunity to set up your online shop whether it be on social media or on online marketplaces. With in-depth store analytics, order updates, store upgrades and much more, which can be accessed even from a smartphone, Shopify has no hidden fees and can help you start your online venture. GMI's team of agile ecommerce website development experts can help you build user-friendly stores with the Shopify platform.Learn More
With an average uptime that 99.9%, BigCommerce merchants are growing at a steady 28% every year. BigCommerce lets you customize your website, manage shipping and payments, list on online marketplaces like Amazon and EBay with remarkably low costs compared to the other ecommerce platforms in use today. With more than 18 years of experience in building the digital assets of some of the biggest names in business, GMI's expert team of ecommerce Super Specialists excel in create online stores that can maximize your online sales.Learn More
The popular free shopping cart, OsCommerce has a huge user community which has developed several additional plug-ins to extend its functionality. With feature-rich functionalities, one can easily manage multiple product ranges. It is also easy to integrate into your existing website due to its flexible infrastructure. GMI has been at the forefront of the digital landscape of the UAE, Middle East and India for more than 18 years. Our technical prowess and full service portfolio allows us to develop robust, stable, efficient and high-performing OsCommerce solutions for various industry verticals.Learn More
An ecommerce store is no more a luxury but imperative for any business as more and more people look online to make their purchases. Customers of today expect an online presence. If not they will head to your competitor's portal to complete their buy. An ecommerce shop has no geographical limits or time constraints and therefore you can reach audiences across the globe. A well-designed online store will always drive conversations and lead to a boost in your sales volumes.
Talk to our experts today.
From inventory management to orders and shipment, every step of the workflow is automated, which results in decreased running costs. An ecommerce venture does not have the same overhead costs as that of a regular retail storefront or outlet.
Ecommerce websites provide you detailed analytics of your customers' buying behaviour, unlike a brick and mortar store. Ecommerce stores come with the added benefit of traffic from search engines to help you build your business.
Ecommerce websites bring awareness to your online presence as search engines index your website. Right keyword insertions will drive traffic to your online store and will bring in visibility and greater brand awareness.
Get in touch with us.


text:
Periodontal Care
Brushing and flossing are essential for maintaining the health of your mouth. Also, an important component of optimal oral health is regular dental visits for cleanings and exams. Ignoring any part of your oral health routine can lead to periodontal disease. Commonly called gum disease, periodontal disease is a progressive condition. Left untreated for too long, it can have serious consequences, including tooth loss. At Gregory A. Williams, DMD, PC, we can help to stop the progression of gum disease and restore your oral health with periodontal therapy.
What is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is an oral disease that affects the health of your gums, your teeth, and their supporting structures. It occurs when plaque and tartar irritate the gums, leading to inflammation. This early stage is characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed when you brush or floss. Unfortunately, these symptoms often go ignored or unnoticed, and the disease continues to progress. The infected tissue starts to pull away from the teeth, creating pockets. Bacteria fall into these pockets and start attacking the periodontal ligaments and jawbone as well as the gum tissue. The gums begin to recede as the pockets grow deeper and the teeth become loose as the ligaments and bone become weak. Eventually, loose teeth may even fall out.
Periodontal Therapy
The earliest stage of periodontal disease, gingivitis, is the only stage that can be stopped at home. However, because periodontal disease is not often noticed or diagnosed until it has progressed beyond this stage, professional treatment is required. Plaque, the sticky substance that collects on your teeth, hardens into tartar. Tartar is impossible to remove with a toothbrush. So, too, is the bacteria that have fallen below the gumline into periodontal pockets.
Some treatments for periodontal disease are invasive, and may even include surgery. These treatments often lead to a significant amount of discomfort and swelling. Periodontal therapy provides a non-invasive alternative, using a treatment known as scaling and root planing. Scaling is the deep cleaning of the visible surfaces of your teeth, with special attention given to the areas of the teeth at the gumline. Root planing is a process that removes buildup and toxins from the roots of your teeth, smoothing them so that bacteria and other debris cannot adhere. While non-invasive, irritated and swollen gum tissue is sensitive, so this procedure is done under a local anesthetic. When your treatment is complete, we will schedule you for a follow-up visit 6 to 8 weeks later.
Periodontal Maintenance
There are some instances in which a single scaling and root planing treatment are not enough to fully eliminate periodontal disease. In the event there is still some lingering bacteria, periodontal disease will continue to progress. Should we find that scaling and root planing has not stopped the periodontal disease, we may then recommend periodontal maintenance. This treatment is a series of regularly scheduled visits for exams and cleanings. The frequency of your visits varies depending upon your specific circumstances. Some patients require visits every two months, while others have visited every six months. We examine the condition of your gum tissue, measure your periodontal pockets and take x-rays. We also perform a deep cleaning of your teeth. The goal of periodontal maintenance is to monitor your mouth to ensure that it is healing, instead of getting worse.
Call to schedule your consultation
Periodontal disease does not get better on its own. In fact, the longer you ignore it, the worse the effects become. Treating periodontal disease is essential for halting its progression and restoring your oral health. Call Gregory A. Williams, DMD, PC today to schedule your consultation and find out how periodontal therapy can help at 503-620-2020.
11820 SW King James Pl Ste. 40
Tigard, OR 97224-2481
Monday: 8am – 5pm
Tuesday: 7am – 3pm
Wednesday: 8am – 5pm
Thursday: 7am – 3pm
Friday: Closed


text:
How to be an urban homesteader?
Homesteading and urban living …a beautiful collision that is taking the country by storm. Are you trying to feed yourself from your own garden? Maybe you're trying to squeeze a few chickens into your postage-stamp sized backyard?
A great many people feel that they need to be self-reliant, which is generally simple to accomplish in the country or rural areas. But what are the ways a city occupant can take to accomplish self-reliance? There are a few approaches to be self-reliant in the urban zones. The key is you should be willing to have a homesteaders heart, to cut expenses, and learn how to get back to the basics.
Here are five ways you can become an urban homesteader:
- Container Gardening – The initial step is to begin "container gardening." It is a prevalent misconception that vegetables can become just on the land. Vegetables, for example, lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes, and squash can without much of a stretch be grown in pots or barrels. Container gardening is the perfect type of planting for the individuals who are new to this field. The principal focal points (aside from being self-reliant) are that it is less costly, less weeding is required, and just limited amounts of plants should be taken care of. In the event that you arrange appropriately enough, you can develop various types of vegetables in a restricted space. Strawberries and zucchini can be developed in bushel baskets and tubs can be utilized for developing potatoes. Additionally, knowing how to grow your own fruits and vegetables can come in handy in case of a disaster. Survival foods that you may have access to in certain conditions will run out at some point or the other. Not knowing how to produce your own could prove to be fatal in such situations.
- Solar Oven – The second step is making a "solar oven". Making a sun-powered stove is anything but difficult to learn and cuts vitality costs. In the middle of summer, utilizing a customary stove can put an additional strain on your energy bills.
- Keep Chickens – Another approach to accomplishing an urban homestead is to add a couple of chickens to your backyard. Many urban areas now allow for backyard chickens. Free range or pen kept they can be a great addition to your urban homestead.
- Practice Simple Living – Another approach is to practice simple living. This should be possible by looking for approaches to slice family costs and to decrease the clutter in your home.
- Bulk Buying – The fifth step is to purchase basic needs in mass. Buying in bulk will reduce your overall grocery costs and help you learn to use what have and make do before buying new.
About the author: James Smith is an avid prepper and a homesteader. He loves to write about prepping and natural living. Follow @JamesSmith1609 for more updates.
Thanks for stopping by!
Tracy Lynn
P.S. Do you like what you are reading?
Are you looking to slow down and live a simpler life?
I am so happy you've landed here and I can share some of the simple living principles that have made a huge difference in our lives.
To give you a place to start I have created a "5 Steps to Simple Living Guide" that I am offering to you free.
Along with this free download, is included a complimentary subscription to our weekly Our Simple Homestead Newsletter. Each week you'll receive simple living tips, homesteading ideas, old-fashion recipes and every once in awhile a touch of the Amish lifestyle.
Click here to receive your free download of 5 Steps to Simple Living today!
DISCLOSURE: In order for me to support my blogging activities, I may receive monetary compensation from affiliate and sponsored posts on this blog.


text:
Hanoi Heaven
This is a close cousin to the Saigon Sponge – a quick and easy buttery vanilla cake filled with white chocolate ganache, raspberry jelly and coated with dark chocolate ganache before being sprinkled with a chilli chocolate crumbly crunch!! If you get a chance to buy a wonderful new NZ product: 'Kokoleka Hot Chilli' then you can utilise it for the crumbly crunch – it will also make your life easier and yummier when you need a hot chocolate fix!!
- Butter Cake
- 250g butter, soft
- 1 cup white sugar
- 1 tsp vanilla paste
- 3 eggs
- 21/2 cups self raising flour
- 2/3 cup milk
- Ganache
- 160g white chocolate
- 35g butter
- 2 Tbs glucose
- 1/3 cup cream
- Jelly
- 4 Tbs Raspberry freeze dried powder
- 4 Tbs caster sugar
- 3 tsp gelatin
- 500ml water
- Dark Ganache
- 150ml cream
- 300g dark chocolate
- Crunch
- 40g milk powder
- 40g flour
- 25g sugar
- a shake of cayenne pepper powder
- 2 Tbs cocoa powder
- 60g melted butter
- 20g milk powder
- Preheat the oven to 180C
- Pam spray a 24cm deep round cake pan
- Using a stand mixer, cream together the butter, vanilla and sugar for 6 minutes, until soft and fluffy and pale. Make sure you scrape the sides of the bowl and the paddle.
- Add the eggs and beat to combine completely. Add the flour and milk alternatively until the mixture is truly homogenous.
- Pour the mixture into the prepared pan.
- Bake in a non-fan forced oven for around 40-45 minutes until cooked through and golden
- Cool in pan 15 minutes then turn onto a wire rack until completely cool.[br]
White Chocolate Ganache
- Combine the white chocolate and butter in a bowl on top of a pan of simmering water. Allow the mixture to melt and remove from the hear.
- Add room temperature glucose and mix with a stick blender.
- The mixture will look awful – don't panic!
- Pour in the cream and use the stick blender to mix until the mixture returns to a lovely smooth finish.
- Allow to firm up in the fridge
Raspberry Jelly
- Mix 100ml warm water with the gelatin to dissolve the gelatin
- Top up to 500ml of water
- Sprinkle over the raspberry powder and stir to combine
- Add sugar and stir to dissolve
- Pour into an ice making mould and place in the fridge to set.
Dark Chocolate Ganache
- Place the ingredients in a bowl on top of a pan of simmering water. Allow to melt together.
- Stir to smooth and allow to cool and set slightly
Chocolate Chilli Crunch
- Heat the oven to 100C
- Combine the first 5 ingredients in a bowl – toss to combine
- Add the melted butter and stir to form clumps
- Place on a baking sheet and cook for around 20 minutes until they are sandy.
- Cool completely
- Add extra milk powder and toss to cover.
- Cut the butter cake in half horizontally (carefully so that the halves are even!)
- Spread the white chocolate ganache onto the top of the bottom half and use a palette knife to spread evenly
- Top with lumps of the set jelly
- Add the roof of the cake
- Pour over the dark chocolate ganache
- Sprinkle with the chocolate chilli crumbly crunch
- Enjoy this quirky concoction!!!!
NB. If you are using the Kokoleka product then substitute 2Tbs of the hot chilli chocolate and omit the sugar, cayenne and cocoa powder from above!
Please follow and like us:


text:
March 6 to April 3, 1991
Human history had been marked by a compulsion to visualize the self. This compulsion involves us on all levels – personal, social, political, and physical. In contemporary society, the product of this compulsion is largely a result of mass media and the social realm in which we live and work. Many artists believe that representation of the body has been completely dominated by art historical and media images.
There is often a huge disparity between who we are personally and the way in which we are represented according to our role in society, i.e. adult, male, female, artist, financial advisor, mother, brother, etc. Conversely, how is our personal experience filtered through our culture and the media? How are our concepts of masculinity and femininity and our other roles formed? How do our perceptions of our bodies relate to our past, family, the social and political realm? On one hand, it is a product of social and cultural factors.
When speaking of art, our experience of the body is addressed in many ways: direct representation, symbolic representation, or by marks and objects that indicate the presence of a body.
Artists represent what they perceive to be real. They bring to the making of images, concepts that have been instilled in them by their culture. They are not recording what they see so much as what they know or mean. Personal vision joins with artistic conventions of time and place to decide the manner and effect of the representation. One of the excitements of looking at art is its facility for entering the "doorway" into another's perceptions.
In figurative art, by a process of simplification, the appearance of things in the optical world is reduced to a few telling traits sufficient to present the human figure and human action. Conventionalization is universal and all artistic styles may be included because in the societies in which they prevail, they are accepted as comprehensible means of representation.
Trends since the 1800s have been away from optical "fact" and today's artists often disregard photographic "truth," yet their images are perfectly recognizable to us (comic strips, commercials, etc.) Today, very few restrictions are imposed by tradition (unlike the past) and artists represent the human figure as it is, in almost any condition and situation.
Robert Dyson does not represent the body in a traditional sense. He often uses metaphors and symbols and mixes art historical references with found objects. Dyson touches on our concept of the natural. The body appears to be a natural representation, yet the only "realistic" image we see is reproduced by a photocopier. He examines the body as it is constrained and constructed, within the "frame" of culture.
Dyson states that he doesn't want people who look at his art to like him; he just wants them to think.
Monique Germaine explores and examines her personal experience as a woman and her own sexuality in the context of her social, economic, and political background. Influenced by her study of psychology, her art reveals a great deal of the artist's "mysticism." The works are highly complex and symbolic. They deal with balance in life – masculine and feminine, past and future, good and evil – the idea that for every reaction there is an opposite and equal reaction. While her symbolism is very personal, it deals with images and ideas we all recognize.
Greg Molesworth works in a direct, gestural style. His reference to the body is visible in the brush strokes and spontaneously applied vibrant colours so prevalent in his work. Meditative by nature, he infuses his work with rhythm and movement through active engagements with the materials. By viewing his canvases, the viewer is able to see Molesworth "thinking out loud." His intuitive, non-verbal language is rooted in the body. The marks are fluid and immediate – a clear illustration of the rhythms of the artist's hand.
Phil Morrison's work makes clear references to the division between body and mind. His concern is with the body as "housing" all that makes us human – emotions, ideas, imagination, fears and drives. He also addresses the fact that the body is in control of those same features.
As a sculptor, one of his essential concerns is with the negative space. The tension created by the space between and around each object is a vital piece of each work and he considers it to be as important and emotive as the works themselves.
Click here to see what's currently going on!


text:
BATON ROUGE -- A framework for how tolls will be collected on the southbound section of La. 1 was unanimously adopted by the Senate Finance Committee Monday. It faces one more legislative hearing before the regular session adjourns June 28.
House Bill 778 by Rep. Loulan Pitre, R-Cut Off, now heads to the full Senate for further debate. If approved by the upper chamber -- the House has already passed it overwhelmingly -- Pitre�s legislation would move to the desk of Gov. Kathleen Blanco, a longtime La. 1 supporter.
Some $300 million is being invested to improve and elevate the stretch spanning from Golden Meadow to Fourchon. Regional business leaders long ago formed a nonprofit to implement the far-reaching overhaul, and the Louisiana Transportation Authority approved tolls for La. 1 during a series of public hearings in 2004.
The authority is designing the La. 1 toll system, which should be operational by August 2008. People traveling south on La. 1 will be prompted to pay an unmanned, automated machine a $2.50 toll, plus $1.25 per additional axle. Special toll tags are planned for frequent users and people who live south of the Leeville Bridge.
Pitre, the point man for La. 1 on the state level, said the project would serve as an important hurricane-evacuation route and vital channel to commerce. It is the main artery for oil-and-gas interests in south Lafourche and Grand Isle, which produces a significant portion of the nation�s energy supply.
"People in my area have embraced this," he said. "This is something the region needs."
The proposed La. 1 toll system is being modeled after the open-road toll system used by the Crescent City Connection Division in New Orleans, an entity that has signed onto the proposal to help with the transition.
"The system is identical to ours," said Kenneth E. Pickering, general counsel for the Crescent City Connection Division. "We�ll be there to help out, but once they are up and running, they�re on their own."
Just like the Crescent City Connection, tolls will be collected electronically using special vehicle tags and cameras will be installed to capture violators. If someone is caught trying to cheat the tolls, they will be mailed a letter with information regarding a fine, a "possible administrative fee of $25."
Even in New Orleans, the system is still relatively new, and some senators questioned how smoothly it has been going. Pickering offered nothing but praise.
"The violation system was installed eight months ago, and so far it seems to be working just fine," he said.
Roughly seven jobs will need to be created to maintain the La. 1 operation, Pickering said. Those salaries could range upwards to $32,000.
Pitre said that the decision by his constituents to use tolls advanced the project several years ahead of schedule on Louisiana�s backlogged list of highway projects.
Using the toll as collateral, the state and the LA 1 Coalition, a local advocacy group, pursued private bonds and a federal loan to pay for the work, and it�s estimated that the tolls will pay for roughly half of the project�s first phase.
The Greater Lafourche Port Commission has also adopted a resolution endorsing the legislation, which could receive its final hearing as early as this week.
Jeremy Alford can be reached at email@example.com.
Proposed toll system for La. 1 nearing final hurdle
BATON ROUGE -- A framework for how tolls will be collected on the southbound section of La. 1 was unanimously adopted by the Senate Finance Committee Monday. It faces one more legislative hearing before the regular session adjourns June 28.


text:
Bambeautiful Densifying Foam
A powerful blend of natural acids and botanical extracts to revitalise and gently exfoliate the scalp. Cleansing the skin, whilst encouraging denser, thicker looking hair right from the scalp.
ECOCERT BAMBOO: Natural silica promotes strength and shine.
ORGANIC PEA SPROUT: Rich in protein, starch and fibres.
NATURAL ACIDS: AHAs from botanical extracts gently and naturally exfoliate.
Avoid contact with eyes. If contact occurs rinse thoroughly with water. Colour and texture of this product may vary due to natural content.
Aqua (Water), Polysorbate 20, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Phenoxyethanol, Parfum (Fragrance), Niacinamide, Polyquaternium-68, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Panthenol, PEG-35 Castor Oil, Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract, Disodium EDTA, Ethylhexylglycerin, Bambusa Vulgaris Extract, Aesculus Hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Seed Extract, Alcohol Denat., Sodium Hydroxide, Saccharum Officinarum Extract, Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein, Sodium Benzoate, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Fruit Extract, Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract, Pisum Sativum (Pea) Extract, Tocopherol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Acer Saccharum Extract, Calcium Pantothenate, Inositol, Linoleic Acid, Retinyl Palmitate, Citric Acid, Rose Ketone-3, Biotin, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Hexyl Cinnamal, Linalool, Eugenol, Limonene, Citronellol.


text:
One gallon of our BioTurf BioS+ Concentrate turf cleaning product, but without our Bio-Siphon Sprayer. Purchase to refill our 32 oz sprayer or use with a hudson pump sprayer or a garden sprayer. BioTurf with BioS+ is the synthetic turf industry leader in odor treatment and odor prevention caused by pet urine and feces. TurFresh 1 gallon bottle is enough to treat up to 6000 square feet of artificial turf surfaces. TurFresh cleaning system is used for outside turf applications and it smells amazing. No other turf or surface cleaning products delivers the great smell along with the intense level of enzyme concentration to aggresivelly remove the nasty smell of urine. TurFresh formulated and manufactures our own product.
How TurFresh BioS+ Works
Basically, bacteria are Nature's way to degrade organic waste. Different strains of bacteria occur everywhere in nature and their function is to consume and degrade organic waste and break it down until the final byproduct is carbon dioxide and water. Most bacteria need a system pH from 5 to 8, a temperature of 50 to 90 degrees F., a food source (organic waste), and enough water or moisture to support bacterial life.
The bacteria will recognize the presence of different organic waste products in water then will swim over to the food and attach to it using a polysaccharide matrix (bio-film). Then they secrete the appropriate enzymes to break down the waste into microscopic particles that are fed to the bacteria.
The BioS+ bacteria consume organic wastes, grow in size, then duplicate themselves into identical bacteria cells, and continue to replicate to devour the waste completely and eventually degrade it. Under ideal conditions (controlled laboratory environment) a bacteria colony can duplicate in size every 20 minutes. These bacteria are self-regulating because they only stay on the food source until it is degraded. After the organic waste is gone they search for more or just hibernate until more waste is added to the waste water. The bacteria continue to consume and degrade the organic waste until it is depleted or more organic waste is added to the system. BioS+ Bacteria have a normal life cycle, like any other living organism, and are affected by changes in temperature, pH, the lack of oxygen, and any possible presence of chemicals, chlorine, quaternary ammonium sanitizing compounds, solvents, caustics, acids, or other similar products that could kill bacteria or inhibit their growth. "Spore forming" bacteria used in TurFresh BioS+ F Artificial Grass Disinfectant have the ability to encapsulate themselve in a hard shell and basically "go to sleep" if their environment is not able to support their growth. When the environment changes to support bacteria life and growth they wake up, recognize the presence of a food source, and continue to consume, degrade, live and die, in the waste treatment system. "Spore" type bacteria in waste containment systems or treatment systems have the ability to survive and function in the most severe environments.
Is TurFresh Safe? And Has It Been Tested?
TurFresh and its family of products are manufactured in a facility, which has been registered to ISO 9001 2000 standards. Tight controls and stringent tests are incorporated into the production process to ensure that the products are manufactured to the highest quality standards.
What Makes TurFresh BioS+ Different from the Competition?


text:
Thanks to the wonders of SKY On Demand I caught up with this Channel 5 special last night (13th May 2013). Originally aired on the Discovery Channel earlier this year (January 5th 2013) and clearly positioned at a time when interest in the franchise is beyond its peak, The True Story offered us a chance to see what made Star Trek a reality back in the 1960's. Hyped up as a "Documentary (that) reveals how the original Star Trek series almost didn't take off..." (UK Daily Express headline) I should've realised the error of my ways before settling in for an hour.
While BBC 2 decided to show a repeat of The Star Trek Story on Saturday night (11th May 2013) at least this was a new(ish) programme. The problem was that unless you've lived under a rock for the last 50 years the story of Star Trek's conception is hardly mind-blowing since it's been out in the open for decades: pilot one failed, got recommissioned for pilot two, Roddenberry got to keep Spock and had to lose everyone else, there you go, all done in two lines.
|Discovery Channel
What I was perhaps aware of, but not THAT aware of was how little Roddenberry began with , how little he seemed in control and that the bulk of what we saw on the screen was created by others (the obvious example being the USS Enterprise herself). Roddenberry had a lot of self-belief and that's evident here - mistresses (all bar two female guest cast apparently), publicity campaigns, standing with the fans to help save the series - The True Story stands Gene out as a hero who loved the attention just as much as he loved the series he created. Indeed he preferred "creator" to "producer".
Quite an amazing journey considering he pitched the show from a piece of A4 and was not the greatest orator yet managed to convince Herb Solow to help him get not just one but two pilots commissioned. Solow is quick to point out that he had to give Gene a lot of help to pitch to NBC and that it's not Roddenberry who deserves the credit overall. Sadly we can't get the other side to this story since Roddenberry died in 1991.
At least they ensured that, while he might have been a handful to work with, Roddenberry's vision was noted and spoken of. His all-consuming passion helped bring the series about and that's something that should never be forgotten no matter what "bad press" may exist in regards to some of his other questionable activities away from the limelight of Star Trek.
There were also examples cited of 3D printers replicating body parts in fine detail, the work of IT experts in the field of android development which all backed up that science and Star Trek were truly linked and influenced each other. The only scary thing is when the scientists involved in these experiments work out how long it would take to beam a human from one point to another...put it this way you'd be long dead and dust before it got halfway through the process. What I would also add is that while these diversions were great and added another layer to the mythos, were they really necessary and did they help tell the true story? I would argue no. In fact they removed time that could have been dedicated to the story and maybe some bits we hadn't heard before from one or two more people associated with the series.
|Discovery Channel
You could see that the effort was there and this was a valiant attempt to retell and retread some old paths with a twist but ultimately it was a bit of a letdown. Ideal timing on the TV thanks to the release of Star Trek Into Darkness but more relevant footage and interviews would have been appreciated. In fact there were no clips post-The Motion Picture which really missed out on some opportunities to talk about the first six movies and the way in which the TV series developed. The only real lip service the 79 episodes got was from the interracial kiss from the third season's Plato's Stepchildren. Another tragedy was the referencing to the 1974 Voyager probe - which was not the same one which was featured in the first movie. Whoever did the research for this show didn't do it that precisely and for a moment when it got mentioned I was scratching my head trying to work out what had gone on.
While a bit of a let down, new fans who have just sat through 133 minutes of JJ Abrams' re-imagining will probably find this of interest. Those people of a more discerning ilk and a greater knowledge of the series might wish to avoid it it they spot it in the schedules in months to come. I would suggest that you seek out either William Shatner's The Captains or Rod Roddenberry's Trek Nation if you're looking for something with considerable more meat on the bone. While they offer little into the actual history of the show, their insight and anecdotal nature provide much more detail into the world of the franchise in front of and behind the screen. This on the other hand is akin to skim-reading the back cover of an autobiography - and one chapter of it at the most.


text:
Worshipping the Sun God, is almost a religion on the Gold Coast and people from all over the world flock here to partake in exposing the body beautiful to the sun. If you get your timing right you will end up with the perfect tan but if you don't, you're more likely to end up looking like a well cooked rock lobster more suited to a seafood dish and it can be very painful and may spoil a greater part of your vacation. So be warned, take care and ensure the liberal use of suntan lotion.
We start our ride at Burleigh Heads and cycle south towards Point Danger. Every facet of this ride will reveal something new and exciting. As we head south, we cross the bridge spanning Tallebudgera Creek turning left and following the path past Tallebudgera Recreation Camp, alongside Tallebudgera Beach until reaching 23rd Avenue at Palm Beach. It is then a matter of using the footpath on the side of the Gold Coast Highway until reaching 17th Avenue. Turn right into Jefferson Avenue and continue south along the dedicated cycleway which turns into a pathway at Lacy's Lane. Continue on the path beside Currumbin Creek across a boardwalk where you will have to dismount and wheel your bike a short distance to Beree Badalla Mangrove Tree Haven Wetlands Reserve.
|Currumbin Creek
|Some of the wildlife you may see on this ride
Here are three species of birdlife, all unique and totally content to live with each other in harmony. It is a great pity that humans can't do the same.
|Pathway following Currumbin Creek
Cross the creek at Thrower Drive and continue along the path until you reach Currumbin Beach.
There is no doubt that by using a bike as our transport instead of a car enables us to see and take in so much more of the space surrounding us.When using a car, I always try to take the shortest possible route between two points, however, when I'm on my bike, all my senses appear to heighten and not only do I see more but my hearing and sense of smell are enhanced as well. As an example, take the sense of smell. When driving past a bakery, I may well see the sign "BAKERY" but it fails to arouse any emotion, however, when riding past a "BAKERY" and getting a whiff of freshly baked bread or pastries, my taste buds become aroused and if it is some time since I have eaten I may suddenly feel hungry.
Because the signage is so good, it would be possible to complete the route without referring to a map but I think it is always wise to have one for reference just in case
Point Danger is the most easterly aspect on Queensland's mainland and affords spectacular views. We spent a good hour just watching the whales passing and catching up with some of our maritime history as told in a series of plaques.
Trust Scotty to source out the best smoothie joint in all of Queensland.
Even more than I like a good flat white coffee I absolutely love an Espresso Smoothie and I have to let you in on a little secret, the best espresso smoothie is made at Hopscotch, Shop 29a, 70 Marine Parade, Coolangatta, Qld, 4225
|Google Map depicting the route from Burleigh Heads to Point Danger
Distance: 34k Surface: Minimum amount of unsealed track
Difficulty: Easy Fitness: Moderate
Type of bike: Any bike in good condition Family friendly: Yes
Enjoy the ride and keep it safe.
Jimmy Bee


text:
Over the past two decades, automation of business processes has significantly increased in many industries including aviation, telecommunications, and banking. In shipping, automation has improved business efficiency by simplifying critical operations that require time and expertise. Nowadays, with increasing access to modern technology, it's not unusual to find a small carrier using cheap off-the-shelf shipping software solutions to streamline and manage its core operations more efficiently. However, there are still quite a number of carriers who prefer bespoke IT systems despite the availability of much cheaper packaged solutions.
There are certain factors that motivate shipping business operators to develop their own IT systems in-house instead of buying cheaper off-the-shelf solutions. One of these is the advantage of having full control of the development processes which allows users to make specific improvements to the original platform as necessary. In addition, In-house platforms have been tailored to exact specifications, which is believed to deliver competitive advantage.
However, while bespoke systems offer full control of operation-specific features, they also require skilled IT staff and programmers to implement necessary upgrades. The fact that technology is rapidly changing means that IT platforms date and become unsupportable after a while. If a shipping business cannot keep up with the pace of change, it will find itself stuck with an obsolete technology which cannot support newer IT platforms. In addition, investing in a customized platform to automate only a single segment of shipping operation (e.g. a single segment of a terminal), is not worth the cost of the investment, which is significantly higher than buying off-the-shelf shipping software which can be customized to carry out various functions.
The following are some of the most prominent benefits of using off-the-shelf or packaged shipping software:
1. Price. Buying packaged software is calculated to be 10 to 50 times cheaper compared to developing an in-house IT system.
2. Flexibility. Modern packaged shipping software incorporate built-in switching options which allows operators to customize application to perform various tasks without doing any expensive reprogramming.
3. Upgrade options – Packaged software provides upgrade solutions to keep pace with fast changes in technology to make sure that users are always working from tried and tested, up-to-date, and well-supported platforms.
4. Guarantee. Customized or in-house systems do not offer test-runs prior to installation, and the end-product is not revealed until it has been delivered. Off-the-shelf solution allows you to use a system for a certain period to see if it delivers what you expect before you actually buy and install it into your existing IT infrastructure.
5. Efficiency. Packaged solutions are more cost-effective, require less resources, and deliver long-term solutions that can be customized to handle specific requirements of a shipping business.
While off-the-shelf shipping software offer a lot more benefits both in cost of investment and scope of features, accessibility to technology has significantly increased the number of software developers in the marketplace, many of which are not reputable. Carriers should be careful in choosing a supplier by checking their capability, reliability, and financial stability. After all, it's not wise to buy from a company who's not going to be around after two or three years, leaving you without support in a case of system failure.


text:
You can still take advantage of our great deals, low rates, free checking and mobile banking. Full details on Gulf Winds membership.
Membership is open to anyone who lives, works, worships, or attends school in the following counties:
Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, Walton, Holmes, Washington, Bay, Jackson, Calhoun, Gulf, Gadsden, Liberty, Franklin, Leon, Wakulla, Jefferson, Madison, Taylor, Hamilton, Suwannee, Lafayette, Dixie, Columbia and Gilchrist Counties
Escambia, Baldwin, Mobile, Washington, Clarke, Monroe, Conecuh, Covington, Butler, Crenshaw, Coffee, Geneva, Dale, Houston and Henry Counties
Brooks, Colquitt, Decatur, Echols, Grady, Lowndes, Seminole, and Thomas Counties
Plus businesses and other legal entities located in these counties, and anyone who is an immediate family member of a current member.


text:
On Wednesday 13th of October it will be the turn of Davina McCall joining our host for the night, Jimmy Carr. The show will feature some of the country's finest comedic talents, as well as a selection of showbiz pals and acquaintances of our guest of honour, who will in turn deliver a humorous, irreverent, sometimes rude, but always affectionate comedy tribute to the living legend before us.
If you'd like to get dressed up and join us for a rather special evening at 3 Mills Studios, East London then apply now!


text:
I know I'm kind of flogging an old, sick horse by now, but I still get excited about generally positive reviews of Healer's Touch, so I hope you won't mind if I share it. Also, maybe, just maybe, someone new might decide to pick it up because of this review.
Progress on Warrior's Touch is currently out of my hands, and I can't, as yet, give you any further details about when it will come out, but do have faith that it is working its way through the system and will hit the market… sometime, probably in the next year, or two.
Progress on Magician's Touch is… slow. I'm doing my best. But, two young children, and a severe shortage of both time and money means that writing time is extremely limited. And then there are the things I'm learning about my muse (it doesn't like hormonal birth control)… It is getting written, but it's glacial speed at the moment, with a high likelihood of needing major re-writes…
Anyway, I'm here to share this review.
TL;DR: I can write good (:oP), and I had some original ideas here, but it's a little bit too similar to other fantasy stories.
In other words, if you love fantasy and want more of the same, but different, then Healer's Touch might just be perfect for you! Or it might not be…
"So, what is Book Pipeline?" you ask.
Book Pipeline is a competition run by Script Pipeline where you can submit a book to see if it might get selected to be shopped around to movie executives, giving you the ever-so-slightly decent chance of seeing your book turned into a movie.
HT failed. But in the process I got this pretty cool review that I'm allowed to share with you and so I shall. I'm going to bold the bits I like (o:
The Review:
The author very clearly knows their craft and also knows how to write up a compelling opening teaser that immediately captures the attention of the audience. The premise of this story is also fairly unique to the fantasy-genre in that it highlights our main protagonist (Llew) as one who is able to draw life from plants and people close by in order to heal herself and, in some extreme cases, bring herself back to life. However, overusing her ability can result in the accidental death of those around her. The nature of Llew's gift is compelling for a main character and as mentioned, the writer certainly is skilled in staging a very vivid and engaging environment early on. Despite these qualities, the primary drawback for this narrative is the unfolding plot and the structure in which the story proceeds as it feels, at times, overly predictable in its execution and almost derivative of a large majority of fantasy-based stories that overuse the "hero's journey" in their design. Still, the dark tones and gritty depiction of the fantasy world is very compelling and the nature of Llew's ability has potential for some dire consequences as the story unfolds. It is possible that producers and studios might find a dark, unusual fantasy-adventure such as this appealing on some level and add weight to the narrative's adaptation potential.Your submission was also selected for the second round of judging, or top 100 appx., but fell short of semis during the second or third review.