text:
The US long maintained a ban on products from Burma under the Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003 and the Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE Act of 2008. Congress renewed the legal authority for the ban on imports in August 2012, but the ban was subsequently waived with the issuance of General License No. 18 in November 2012 immediately preceding President Obama's visit to Rangoon. Notably, the US Administration retained the ban on Burmese rubies and jadeites through the form of an Executive Order issued on August 7, 2013, when the Burmese Freedom of Democracy Act (BFDA), which provided the authority for the gems ban, expired and was not renewed by Congress. Nevertheless, US exports to Burma are now rapidly increasing, and the US is in the process of granting Burma duty-free trade benefits.
US Campaign for Burma is committed to pressuring the US government to use US trade, particularly the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) trade benefits program, as leverage to ensure that the Burmese government enacts significant and rights-promoting legal reforms.
The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is a set of trade benefits that wealthy countries make available to developing countries. When the US grants a country "Beneficiary Developing Country" (BDC) status, that country is permitted to export a range of goods duty-free to the US. In the 1990s, Burma's GSP status was suspended because of the high incidence of forced labor. The US is now moving to reinstate Burma as a BDC. Unfortunately, many of the export-oriented sectors covered by the GSP are associated with serious human rights abuses, including violations of internationally recognized workers' rights. If the US Administration is set on reinstating Burma's status, there are certain steps that it could take to mitigate the potential for US trade promotion to exacerbate the human rights situation.
US Campaign for Burma worked with Earthrights International to develop proposals that we presented to the GSP Subcommittee of the Office of the US Trade Representative at the June 2013 hearing on Burma's status. We argued to the Subcommittee that these measures are both legally permissible under the Trade Act of 1974 and necessary to present a coherent economic policy on Burma. These proposals include concrete, short-term, pre-reinstatement requirements for Burma, and a more deliberate path toward GSP status for selected goods in problematic sectors. US Campaign for Burma, in collaboration with our partners, is building a coalition similar to the one that successfully pressured the US government to enact the Reporting Requirements for Responsible Investment in Burma, including US and Burma-based civil society groups.
- US Campaign for Burma's Pre-Hearing Briefing to the GSP Subcommittee
- US Campaign for Burma's Executive Director Jennifer Quigley & Earthrights International's Legal Advocacy Coordinator Jonathan Kaufman Testimonies at the GSP Hearing
- US Campaign for Burma's Post-Hearing Briefing to the GSP Subcommittee
More Significant US Trade Documents
The international community has responded to Burma's recent modest reforms by seeking to ramp up trade with Burma. Over the past year, Burma has implemented reductions in trade duties and licensing, attempting to attract trade with western partners - partners who have clearly exhibited their financial motives by re-upping trade while ignoring the labor, ethnic minority, human rights, and land rights concerns that have traditionally defined western dialogue on Burmese trade. Western nations and Japan are moving quickly to play catch-up and benefit from one of the world's last economic frontiers after decades of the isolationist Burma being closed to the west. In June 2013, the European Union granted Burma GSP trade benefits that will go into effect in January 2014. EU officials declared the program mutually beneficial, and European countries are slated to benefit substantially from trade with Burma. Still, western trade is far behind trade with China and Thailand, Burma's biggest trading partners. According to Burma's Ministry of Commerce, bilateral trade between China and Burma totaled $3.6 billion in 2011-2012.
For years, China has dominated Burmese markets, and Burma's opening to the west is in large part due to the need to neutralize China's powerful influence in the Burmese economy. Asian development projects in Burma are boosting the Burmese government's capacity and infrastructure for future trade but come at the high price of the unsustainable exploitation of Burma's natural resources and sidelining Burma's own growing energy and financial needs. More importantly, international development projects translate into increased human rights abuses, land seizures, forced relocation, and military attacks for Burma's rural population and ethnic minorities. Many of these projects, including the notorious Shwe gas pipeline deal with China, and several hydropower dams like the stalled Myistone dam and the Salween River Dam Project, create avenues for trade and profit but come hand-in-hand with the disenfranchisement of local people, massive land grabs, militarization, and disproportionate benefits for the sponsoring nations (e.g. China, Korea, India, and Thailand) that pressed the Burmese government to sign away large amounts of Burma's natural resources at rock-bottom prices.
Whether international trade is navigated responsibly with respect to labor, collective bargaining, and legal issues will be a huge factor in determining Burma's long-term political success. Sadly, human rights and reforming the legal code are not being used as pre-conditions to international trade engagement. The international rush to sign trade agreements and invest in Burma's developing sectors largely explains the international community's sudden downplaying of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and ethnic cleansing in Burma.


text:
Trade Licensing Board
On Tuesday, September
12, 2017 at 5:00
p.m. in the City
Manager's Conference
Room in the Municipal
Building, there will be a
hearing before the
Trade Licensing Board
of the City of Oak Ridge
on a petition by Kirk M
Bonner for a license to
operate as a Master
Plumber License in the
City of Oak Ridge. Any
person who as a result
of former dealings with
this individual has
reason to doubt his
integrity or honesty or
has a complaint about
his workmanship is
urged to come forward
at the above time and
place and announce
such information.
Evidence reviewed in
the public hearing will
be considered in
determining the
competency, integrity,
and honesty
of applicants.
Jake Martin Electrical
Arnold Blackwell
Plumbing Inspector
Plumbing Inspector

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Rigdon McCoy McIntosh and the Tabor
Unreconstructed Southern Nationalism
Rigdon McCoy McIntosh, born in the trans-Appalachian Southwest, served in two capacities in the service of the Confederate Army. As a soldier, he was among the forces that defended Richmond, Va., and engaged in several key battles in its vicinity. However, he also served as music master and composer of religious music for various occasions while in camp. In contrast to many Southern sacred composers, McIntosh did not write in the more well-known Southern folk-based style of psalmody associated with a form of musical notation called shape-note music. Trained by the Everett brothers, who themselves had studied under Boston reform musician Lowell Mason, he composed psalm and hymn tunes, and extended sacred works that followed the orthodox rules of harmony, a style of music idealized among the genteel classes and polite society.
Unique to sacred music publications in the South, McIntosh's post-bellum publication Tabor: or the Richmond Collection of Sacred Music (1867) constituted a statement of Southern nationalism, although published belatedly in a Reconstruction-era South in the Confederacy's most famous former capital city. In this publication, McIntosh invented single-handedly a new artistic medium for the forum for and expression of sacred music. The radicalness of McIntosh's compilation has been completely overlooked as a result of a number of factors. He embraced theoretically correct harmony, promoted the use of standard musical notation, and was published after the end of the Civil War. Printed in a post-bellum Reconstruction-era South, its author, though born in southern Tennessee, embraced the genteel style of Northern reformers and Southern elites spearheaded by notable Northern musicians such as Lowell Mason, composer of the tune Bethany, commonly known as "Nearer my God to thee."
McIntosh's period of professional activity remains between two important periods of Southern sacred music: antebellum evangelical social singing and Southern gospel. Even though he was one of the earliest native-born Southern composers to write Sunday School-style hymnody and Southern gospel music, much of his work appeared too early to be considered directly related to the later gospel music industry. As a result of its notational method and musical style, McIntosh's Tabor has remained outside the scholarly delineations of Southern-ness. It simply does not fit within current accepted notions of Southern identity. Despite its misunderstood status, McIntosh's compilation constitutes a remarkable symbiosis of sacred music and secular politics. Through it, he invented a new genre proclaiming formal Southern nationalism, albeit in a post-Civil War environment, in the Confederacy's former capital.McIntosh championed the soprano-led ensemble, softer singing style, proper enunciation, and a more affected style of performance characteristic of both liturgical-based denominations such as Episcopalians, Catholics, and Lutherans, as well as members of polite society.
Rigdon McCoy McIntosh
Rigdon McCoy McIntosh was born in Maury County, Tenn., in 1836. An educated man, he found employment first as a schoolteacher in Triana, Ala., after graduating from Jackson College in Columbia, Tenn. He served in this capacity until the late 1850s when McIntosh met Leonard C. Everett (1818-1867) and his brother Asa Brooks Everett (1828-1875) on one of their teaching circuits throughout Tennessee and the Deep South. The Everetts promoted an elitist style of music that set the brothers apart from other local singing teachers and choir leaders. Falling under their sway, McIntosh quit his job and decided to devote his life to the practice of sacred music.
Rather than teaching, performing, and composing pieces in a traditional style of choral music favored by evangelicals and other enthusiastic denominations where the tenor or high male voice has the melody, the Everetts embraced the modish soprano-led form of four-part choral music identified both with progressive New Englanders, as well as Episcopalian and Catholic musicians in Baltimore and Philadelphia. The tenor-led style was also commonly associated with a form of musical notation called shape-note notation, where the note heads are given different shapes to indicate a note's place within the solfege. In contrast, the Everetts promoted standard musical notation, disavowing notational shortcuts. Their musical taste reflected their upbringing. Raised in Virginia, the Everett brothers studied in Boston. Commencing their professional careers in the South, they brought to the rural South the most fashionable mode of sacred music then embraced among liturgical churches and a few Methodists and Presbyterians.
Through his exposure to the Everetts, McIntosh championed the soprano-led ensemble, softer singing style, proper enunciation, and a more affected style of performance characteristic of both liturgical-based denominations such as Episcopalians, Catholics, and Lutherans, as well as members of polite society. This style of music was considered scientific by nineteenth-century Americans because it employed a rigorous system of rules learned only through detailed study. Although prized as an ideal by the more genteel classes, this style of music in the twentieth century became a pariah because it appeared to eschew all of the features associated with twentieth-century American ideals. It promoted learning and study over self-reliance. Further, because many of the tunes followed similar melodic and harmonic patterns, all seemed to lack an American spirit of rugged individualism. Though composed in America, these pieces were not considered truly American, but rather vapid imitations of an imported European style.
McIntosh displayed a talent for this progressive style of sacred music and eventually became the Everetts' colleague and fellow instructor in their various Southern teaching circuits. Although profiting from his association with the Everetts, McIntosh often functioned more as a symbol of Southern legitimacy. As a native-born Southerner, he noticed that at times he represented local authenticity, giving the Everett brothers a certain status that they might not have had otherwise. In contrast, the Everetts were born during the early nationalist period in Virginia, a state that identified as much with the middle Atlantic as its southern and western neighbors before the 1830s. McIntosh was from the trans-Appalachian southwest, and his connections and early professional career encompassed parts of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama. These teaching circuits proved so successful that he moved to Richmond, Va., to become a partner in the L.C. Everett Company. By 1861, this company had extended networks throughout much of the south and middle Atlantic.
At the outbreak of war, McIntosh enlisted in the Confederate forces, joining the 18th Virginia Infantry, Company H, Appomattox County, on May 7, 1861. For a year, he served as a lieutenant before being discharged for a "personality difficulty" with Lieutenant William Gray of his unit. Soon thereafter, he joined the 25th Battalion Virginia Volunteers, a city guard unit formed after the first attack on Richmond by Union forces, then under General George McClellan (1826-1885). He served in this capacity until the war's conclusion in 1865. By 1866, he had resumed his former career as a singing instructor and published his first collection, Tabor, or the Richmond Collection of Sacred Music. These compilations of sacred music were commonly known as tunebooks throughout the United States in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
1. Cover of Tabor: or the Richmond Collection of Sacred Music, by Rigdon McCoy McIntosh (1866). Photograph courtesy of the author.
Tabor as a Conceit for Southern-ness
McIntosh's tunebook contains many direct and implied references to Southern identity, equated with formal Southern nationalism. As a way to demonstrate education and gentility, Southern intellectuals enjoyed creating elaborate conceits, constructed as metaphors for contemporary issues. The front cover of Tabor followed this established tradition and provided the first and perhaps most complex proclamation of Southern identity (fig. 1). Through it he established a metaphoric connection between Richmond, Va., and Mount Tabor, located southwest of the Sea of Galilee in the West Bank. Above the illustrated cover appeared a quotation from Psalm 89, verse 12: "Thou hast made the North and the South; Tabor and Hermon shall rejoice in Thy NAME." From one perspective, McIntosh followed typical tunebook compilation conventions through his inclusion of the excerpt from the book of Psalms, the one selection of scriptural text universally accepted for musical performance by almost every denomination in the United States.
Although the use of a quotation remained a standard part of many tunebooks, this particular verse drove home the work's political message. Of the two mountains listed in the passage, Mount Hermon is located to the north and Mount Tabor to the south. Significantly, McIntosh chose to name his collection after the southern mountain. Also, the engravings of the two mountains on the cover seem to relate to Civil War politics. Mount Hermon, located on the right, is depicted with a snow-capped peak, perhaps a reference to Washington, D.C., with its White House. In this sense, McIntosh referenced the two capital cities through the equation of Tabor with the Confederacy and Hermon with the Union. Below the title appears the compilation's statement of intent: "[d]esigned for the various Religious Societies of the Southern and South-Western States," again proclaiming its area of reception and intended public. Finally, though printed in New York City, the list of booksellers is limited to Philadelphia and important Southern cities, including Louisville, Richmond, Charleston, Nashville, Mobile, New Orleans, and Vicksburg.
Besides equating the geographic location of Mount Tabor with Richmond, McIntosh's conceit extended to biblical and Classical history. Beginning in the Old Testament, Mount Tabor became a battleground for the war between the Israelites and Canaanites as described in Judges 4 when the Israelites had become slaves under Jabin, king of Canaan. Deborah, a prophetess and judge for the Israelites "sent and called Barak the son of Abinoam out of Kedeshnaphtali, and said unto him, Hath not the Lord God of Israel commanded, saying, Go and draw toward Mount Tabor, and take with thee ten thousand men of the children of Naphtali and of the children of Zebulun?" Barak responded by having his forces descend from the mountain and attack the Canaanites, destroying the entire army. Paralleling the Confederate perspective of Richmond's military role during the Civil War, the city repelled an attack by McClellan in 1862, thereby driving off the army of the oppressors who had enslaved God's chosen people. In this sense, McIntosh equated the plight of Southerners with that of the Israelites.
Displaying not only his knowledge of Old Testament history, McIntosh also demonstrated his mastery of ancient Greek through another reference to Mount Tabor, this time from The Jewish War by Flavius Josephus. Josephus was placed in command of the Jewish rebels entrenched on Mount Tabor during the First Jewish-Roman War in 66 C.E. Vespasian had sent 600 cavalry officers under the command of Platsidus to attack the Jewish forces. Apparently trying the same tactic as Barak, Josephus surprised the Roman army, which initially retreated. However, Platsidus rallied his troops and attacked the rebels, cutting off their line of retreat. The remaining Jewish soldiers surrendered. Again paralleling Confederate history, Richmond suffered a second attack by outside forces, this time under Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant in the nine-month Richmond-Petersburg Campaign (1864-65). As in Josephus, Union forces took Richmond, with Confederates surrendering on April 3, 1865. Like Mount Tabor, Richmond witnessed two major battles, the first a victory, the second a defeat. Displaying the education of its author and a fondness for biblical and classical allusion, Tabor proclaimed its Southern-ness through the mountain's location and geography, and the political identity of the Israelites through their military campaigns at this location.
2. Title page of The Southern Harmony, and Musical Companion, by William Walker (1847 ed.). Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
3. Title page of The Southern and Western Pocket Harmonist, by William Walker (1846). Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts.
4. Title page of The Southern Minstrel, by Lazarus J. Jones (1849). Photograph courtesy of the author. 5. Title page of The Southern Musical Advocate and Singer's Friend, published by Joseph Funk (1859-1861). Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Tabor and the American Tunebook
Many of the 561 pieces that constitute the Tabor follow typical conventions of the time period. By the middle of the nineteenth century, a typical tunebook consisted of three main parts. It would begin with a section devoted to the rudiments of musical notation explaining melody, rhythm, time signature, and occasionally vocal production and other practical knowledge for singing. Because these books were intended for use in singing schools, the introductory material often served as a textbook. The second part comprised a selection of congregational metrical psalm tunes organized by poetic meter. This format paralleled the tunebooks by Northern progressives and members of liturgical churches.
Established over the course of the antebellum period, the musical portion of reform tunebooks began with a grouping of tunes in the three standard iambic psalm and hymn meters in the following order: (L.M. [188.8.131.52.], C.M. [184.108.40.206.], S.M. [188.8.131.52.]). Afterwards, the section continued with the particular meters characteristic of Methodist and other evangelical protestant denominations. These meters were originally associated with popular and theatrical song lyrics of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Following this congregational repertory, McIntosh included a final section of more extended pieces of choral music such as anthems whose texts consisted of biblical prose, and set pieces whose texts contained multi-stanzaic settings of poetry. Both of these types of pieces were intended for performance in church as well as for social-devotional occasions. McIntosh concluded Tabor with a selection of liturgical music, almost exclusively Episcopalian service music and Anglican chant for reciting the psalms.
Besides tune organization, many of the original pieces adopted the customs of other contemporary American tunebooks. For instance, new pieces appearing in this collection were almost exclusively by McIntosh, the Everett brothers, and other local Virginia musicians such as J.D. Hunt of Fredericksburg, W.L. Montague of Richmond, and Marcus Justin McGlasson of Farmville. Most compilers of the time operated within a network of regional musicians and professional colleagues. Thus, McIntosh, through the inclusion of his own tunes, and those by his business partners and other locally esteemed singing teachers and church musicians, created both a ready market for his fledgling publication and an informal but effective means for sales and distribution. Further insuring commercial success, this network also extended to a broader geographic area through the availability of Tabor in bookstores in all of the major cities of the Reconstruction-era South.
Likewise, McIntosh's tune naming followed the practice of the time period. Many of the pieces related to the Bible, being named after biblical place names, such as Horeb and Euphrates by A.B. Everett, and Mizpah by McIntosh. Other tunes were titled for Old Testament figures such as Zurishaddai and Boaz by McIntosh, and Esther and Shemariah by A.B. Everett. Still others referenced McIntosh's colleagues and associates, including the tunes Brooks and Everett that reference his business parter, and two tunes named McIntosh by W.L. Montague and L.C. Everett. Finally, McIntosh featured tunes with American place names for their titles, including a number of Southern states and cities such as Georgia, Fayetteville, Fredericksburg, and Augusta by McIntosh, Richmond by A.B. Everett, and Beaufort by L.C. Everett.
Alongside these more commonplace conventions, McIntosh imbued his tunebook with a distinctively Southern nationalist sentiment through his naming of tunes after prominent Confederate generals, soldiers, politicians, battlefields, and military encampments. Antebellum Southern compilers did not proclaim Southern nationalism but rather placed their collections within their geographic or regional place within the country. Earlier collections with the word "southern" in their title were compiled only by evangelical musicians who embraced the tenor-led style in shape-note notation. These publications included The Southern Harmony (New Haven, 1835) and The Southern and Western Pocket Harmonist (Philadelphia, 1846) by William Walker of Spartanburg, South Carolina (figs. 2, 3), The Southern Minstrel by Lazarus J. Jones of Jasper County, Miss. (Philadelphia, 1849) (fig. 4), and The Southern Musical Advocate and Singer's Friend (fig. 5), a periodical with shape-note tune supplements published by Joseph Funk of Singer's Glen, Va., that began in 1859 and discontinued shortly before the battle of First Manassas in 1861. None of these sources proclaimed any specific Southern-ness other than their works' titles. In this sense, these tunebooks constituted Southern regionalism, emphasizing their location of origin as a statement of the betterment of music and social singing within a larger American community.
In contrast, the contents of Tabor follow a distinctly Southern nationalist perspective. For instance, A.B. Everett titled one of his hymn tunes Lanier, presumably for the poet Sidney Lanier (1842-1881), who had been active as a soldier in Virginia during the war. McIntosh named his tune Davis after Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America. Camp Fairfax commemorated where McIntosh was stationed while in the 18th Virginia Infantry in 1861; Manassas was the scene of two major battles in Virginia. A few tunes are named after prominent generals, including Beauregard for Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard (1818-1893) (fig. 6), the hero of first Mannassas and defender of Petersburg during the Petersburg-Richmond Campaign, Longstreet after James Longstreet (1821-1904) (fig. 7), Robert E. Lee's principal subordinate, and Lee by L.C. Everett.
6. The hymn tune Beauregard by Rigdon McCoy McIntosh. Photograph courtesy of the author.
7. The hymn tune Longstreet by McIntosh. Photograph courtesy of the author.
McIntosh also included a few tunes composed while in camp, such as Claiborne (fig. 8), written at "Camp Fairfax, near Fairfax C. H. Va.; Oct. 3, 1861" and the extended choral piece "This is the Day" "[w]ritten in Camp, at Elliott Hill, Va. December 1864." He also wrote a few tunes for prominent military events. As a symbol of his intimacy with some of the most notable Confederate officers, McIntosh composed the anthem, "I heard a voice in heaven" "upon the occasion of the death of Gen. T. J. Jackson (Stonewall) and used in the service of his funeral, May 17th, 1863" (fig. 9). Clearly, McIntosh remained well connected to many prominent Confederate figures and used these names for the promotion of his tunebook. He also musically enshrined and uplifted Jackson through his genteel use of harmony and compositional style. By composing a piece that employed all of the facets associated with Southern notions of high art, he ennobled Jackson with the politeness of his music.
8. The hymn tune Claiborne, composed by McIntosh during his service in the Confederate forces in 1861. Photograph courtesy of the author.
9. The anthem "I heard a voice in heaven," composed by McIntosh for the funeral of General Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson in 1863. Photograph courtesy of the author.
Tabor and Southern Evangelical Music
McIntosh, though a member of the genteel educated elite of Southern society, attempted to market his concept of Southern-ness to other less polite denominations influenced by popular evangelicalism. As a Methodist, McIntosh included a number of contrafacta, or sacred appropriations of secular songs, a religious song type that descended from the tune collections associated with John Wesley and George Whitefield, and the First Great Awakening of the mid-eighteenth century. The contrafacta in Tabor were a mixture of older popular songs and arrangements of melodies from cultivated, more classically minded composers. As such, contrafacta of "God save the King" and "Rousseau's Dream," an early version of the melody known as "Go tell Aunt Rhody," are contrasted with similar adapted settings of oratorio arias by English baroque composer George Frederick Handel and vocal arrangements of chamber music by Viennese musicians Ludwig Van Beethoven and Ignaz Pleyel.
Although most contrafacta were arrangements of tunes by prominent European composers of art music, a number of them were taken from shape-note publications. Though not original to the collection, one popular contrafactum, Autumn, was adapted from an instrumental march of possibly Spanish or Scottish origin. In its instrumental form, this tune appeared in arrangements for a variety of instruments, from solo piano to a full Civil War-era brass band, such as the version by J. Schatzman published in Peters Saxhorn Journal in Cincinnati (1859) (fig. 10, 11).
10. "Masonic March," arranged by J. Schatzman from Peters' Saxhorn Journal (1859). Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
11. A video performance of "Masonic March" in a performance reconstruction of a midcentury ball. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Click on the image to view the video on the Library of Congress website.
The earliest sacred contrafactum of this tune, Dunrossness, appeared in a northern source, The Haydn Collection of Church Music (Boston, 1850), compiled by Boston musicians Benjamin Franklin Baker (1811-1889) and L.H. Southard. This tune setting displayed all of the progressive features associated with the reformers of ancient-style psalmody (fig. 12). As a demonstration of his scientific attainment, the arranger employed figured bass, or numbers printed below the bass line, to provide a keyboard player with a harmonic outline of the tune for accompanying the singers. Many evangelical and enthusiastic religious groups in the United States at this time did not use keyboard accompaniment, both because of the traditional association of keyboard instruments with Episcopalians and Catholics, and also their high cost. Thus, the specification of keyboard accompaniment testified to the social status of the tunebook and its compilers. Other similar features in the score included its Italian tempo marking, crescendo and decrescendo dynamic markings found in every phrase (between the second and third staves), and a highly decorated or embellished form of the melody. All of these features would have appealed to elitist musicians of the time period.
12. The hymn tune Donrossness from The Haydn Collection of Church Music, by Benjamin Franklin Baker and Lucien H. Southard (1850). Photograph courtesy of the author.
Autumn, the earliest and only Southern version of this melody, was first printed in The Christian Harp (1865), a collection intended for social and domestic devotion, revivals, and the Sunday school. This tunebook was published by the most prominent shape-note publisher in Virginia: the sons of Mennonite evangelical shape-note singing teacher, musical arranger, and music publisher Joseph Funk (1778-1862), who lived in Singer's Glen in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Autumn (fig. 13) reflects its more informal intent. It does not specify keyboard accompaniment. The melody is plainer, without any of the embellishments found in the earlier version from Boston, and the texture is reduced to two parts, melody and bass. The harmony is more simplistic, with the bass line limited to three or four notes for much of the piece.
13. The anonymous hymn tune Autumn from The Christian Harp, compiled by the sons of Joseph Funk (1865). Photograph courtesy of the author.
Significantly, McIntosh arranged the Southern version of this tune and not those of earlier Northern reform and evangelical musicians. McIntosh's arrangement of Autumn (fig. 14), though expanded to four parts, preserved many of the features that characterized Funk's setting. The melody retains the same simplified melodic shape, and the bass line, though not identical, emphasizes the same clarity as that in Funk. In this sense, McIntosh arranged the tune in the idiom of his formal scientific training, but attempted to bridge the two prevailing styles of Southern sacred music. Perhaps as a symbolic gesture, McIntosh, a resident of Richmond, united the Tidewater and Piedmont areas of Virginia with the western part of the state through his arrangement of Funk's version of the tune.
14. The hymn tune Autumn as printed in Tabor by McIntosh. Photograph courtesy of the author.
McIntosh also included a number of folk hymns, a related tune type to the contrafactum. Among the more enthusiastic and evangelical groups, folk hymns were hymn tunes with no apparent popular secular source for the melody. Sometimes termed spiritual folksongs, these tunes appeared in tune families, with individual variations in the melody paralleling the melody variants of different versions of contrafacta. Folk hymns apparently originated as sacred parallels to their secular cousins. As with the original pieces, many of the folk hymns were given a strongly defined though sometimes mistaken Southern identity regarding the tunes' origins. McIntosh labeled a few folk hymns as Southern tunes or Southern melodies above the score, despite the fact that at least two of these pieces appeared first in northern evangelical tunebooks.
Of the folk hymns, a few had direct connections to the Shenandoah Valley through the efforts of some of its earliest singing teachers, Amzi Chapin (1768-1835) and his brother Lucius (1760-1842). McIntosh included two tunes associated with the Chapins, Forest better known as Rockbridge, and Memphis better known as Psalm 24th or Primrose. Similarly, he included Golden Hill, a Chapin tune that was arranged later by Ananias Davisson (1780-1857), a Presbyterian singing teacher who resided at Cross Keys outside of Harrisonburg, Va., in the Shenandoah Valley. Davisson published two of the most influential Early Nationalist shape-note tunebooks: The Kentucky Harmony (1816) and The Supplement to the Kentucky Harmony (1820). McIntosh even took the tune Pilgrim (fig. 15) from the first self-proclaimed Southern compiler, William Walker, a Calvinist Baptist and author of The Southern Harmony. Though this tune, more commonly known as Olney, appeared in other earlier tunebooks from the West, McIntosh specifically identified this tune with Walker, The Southern Harmony, and the South (fig. 16). As with the arrangement of Autumn, McIntosh featured the two main styles of Southern sacred music, uniting them under a common identity of Southern nationalism.
15. The folk hymn Pilgrim as printed in Tabor by McIntosh. McIntosh incorrectly ascribed this version of the folk hymn to William Walker. Photograph courtesy of the author.
16. Walker's version of Olney (McIntosh's Pilgrim) from The Southern Harmony, in which he ascribes the tune to Chapin. Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Though lying outside scholarly notions of Southern-ness, McIntosh's Tabor, or the Richmond Collection of Sacred Music reveals his efforts to single-handedly invent a new forum for sacred music. Using psalmody as political ideology, McIntosh legitimized not only the struggle by Confederates to gain independence from the United States, but he also helped to promote the lost Southern cause at the beginning of the Reconstruction era. As an educated veteran living among genteel society, McIntosh demonstrated his taste and modishness through his elaborate metaphoric construct, his professional connections, and his style of composition.
At the same time, he attempted to bridge the two reigning styles of sacred music practiced in the South, thereby presenting a unified South, emblematic of Southern nationalism. Though the ideology behind his efforts remains misguided, injecting a Southern nationalist perspective into sacred music is without parallel in the nineteenth century. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this episode in Southern history revolves around the seemingly contrary defining characteristics of the tunebook itself. Because of its style of notation, orthodox harmony, and the compilers' pedigree of instruction, The Tabor, or Richmond Collection of Sacred Music defies current notions of Southern-ness. However, finding Southern-ness in Southern music often involves looking beyond the traditional, accepted, and ultimately constructed twentieth- and twenty-first-century notions of Southern identity in American sacred music.
Further Reading:
Several scholarly works have explored the concepts of Southern identity in the antebellum period including: William W. Freehling, Prelude to Civil War: the nullification crisis in South Carolina 1816-1836 (New York, 1965, 1992), Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: the transformation of America, 1815-1848 (New York, 2007), and John McCardell, The Idea of a Southern Nation: Southern nationalists and Southern nationalism, 1830-1860 (New York, 1979). Although the literature on American sacred music of the eighteenth and nineteenth century is somewhat large, a few important works relevant to Rigdon McCoy McIntosh and Southern-ness in antebellum Southern sacred music include: David Brock, "A Foundation for defining Southern Shape-Note Folk Hymnody from 1800 to 1859 as a Learned Compositional Style" (PhD diss., Claremont Graduate School, 1996), Annabel Morris Buchanan, Folk-Hymns of America (New York, 1938), George Pullen Jackson, White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands (Chapel Hill, 1933), Irving Lowens, "John Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second: a northern precursor of Southern folk hymnody" in Journal of the American Musicological Society 5, 2 (1952): 114-131, David Music, A Selection of Shape-note Folk Hymns from Southern United States Tune Books, 1816-61 (Middleton, Wis., 2005), Lewis E. Oswalt, "A Rare Book for Its Day: the 1874 hymnal and tune book of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South" in Hymnology in the Service of the Church: essays in honor of Harry Eskew, Paul R. Powell, ed. (Saint Louis, 2008).
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Please feel free to contact us to find out more about Rosecreek Farms or to inquire about our educational farm tours and lectures.
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a shared commitment between us, the farmer, and you, a consumer of good, quality food. Apply now using one of the following CSA Contract forms…
Print & Mail Application
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April 7, 2011
Preferred Pathway streamlines transfer between Columbus State, OSU
Beside a poster that makes the two campuses appear as one, Columbus State President David Harrison and Ohio State President E. Gordon Gee prepare for a news conference about "Preferred Pathways" to a bachelor's degree. The program was unveiled on Tuesday and will begin in the fall of 2011.
"The front door to the American Dream is the community college," said OSU president Gordon Gee yesterday at a news conference held to announce the Preferred Pathway agreement with Columbus State.
The new program will allow qualified new full-time students at Columbus State to apply and receive college counseling from both schools, as well as OSU student services, orientation, and access to financial aid, grants, and scholarships. Students will be able to choose from up to 80 different tracks that lead to bachelor's degrees at Ohio State.
Nearly 900 students, or about 37% of Ohio State's transfer student population, come from Columbus State, by far the largest group at the university. OSU hopes to increase that number of transferring students by 500 in the next five years.
Lily Landauer earned an Associate of Arts degree last year. She transferred directly to OSU for autumn quarter 2010 to pursue a bachelor's in Spanish and a master's in education.
"I started working with an OSU advisor one year before transferring from Columbus State to make sure I was taking all of the required classes for my OSU major," said Landaeur. "Being able to visit OSU before attending there helped me feel comfortable and confident that I would be able to handle transferring to such a large university. Having the support of both schools is an invaluable resource."
Applications for the program will open on May 15. Faculty members from both colleges are working to align the curriculum so students can realistically complete a bachelor's degree in four years.
President Harrison and President Gee will each present a resolution to their Boards of Trustees at the next meeting for approval.
Hear more from Tuesday's news conference here.
Continuous improvement Language Institute coordinator's hallmark
Tara Narcross, Ph.D. so well known for taking meticulous meeting notes, tracking statistics, and providing valuable feedback, that newly formed committees across campus compete with each other to have her as a member.
Narcross can't be everywhere at once however—she's the long-time coordinator (11 years) of the Columbus State Language Institute, which keeps her busy with more than 1,800 enrollments in 2010. President Obama has recognized her with the 2010 President's Volunteer Service Award for her work in the Somali community. "Tara has helped make Columbus State a household work for our new American neighbors," said Nancy Case, in her nomination letter for Staff Employee of the Month.
Narcross was given the April SEOM award at a ceremony held yesterday.
She began working at Columbus State teaching ESL and Spanish in the Modern Languages department in 1997, after earning her Ph.D. from Ohio State.
She and Modern Languages chair Garry Fourman started the Language Institute with a $25,000 Development Foundation grant in 2000, which was six-month start-up funding for the project. Community Education and Workforce Development (CEWD) took the Language Institute into their division later that year and enrollment swelled from 12 students in summer 2000 to more than 1800 last year.
"Whenever a committee is being formed, the first name that comes to mind is Tara Narcrosss," said David Meyers, CEWD. "There are number of reasons for this, but it all stems from the fact that she is exceptionally bright and extremely knowledgeable about nearly every subject that arises."
"Tara raises the bar for everyone else. I can think of no one who is more committed to the mission of Columbus State at its most fundamental level than Tara Narcross."
See more in a video from the April 6 SEOM ceremony here.
Foundations of Excellence in the First College YearBig Name. Important Work.
You may have heard the term "Foundations of Excellence" mentioned around campus. And we hope you took part in the surveys that were distributed to faculty, staff and students last fall to gather information and opinions regarding student success. These surveys were an important first step in the Foundations of Excellence (FoE) project.
Until now, the campus at large hasn't had much opportunity to be a part of Foundations of Excellence. This Friday, that will all change with the April 8 Foundations of Excellence launch meeting.
Foundations of Excellence in the First College Year is a worldwide program in which colleges and universities around the globe voluntarily take part. It involves an in-depth self-study by each institution, and a detailed assessment of our own efforts to date that contribute to the success of first-year college students. Columbus State is taking part in the FoE process as a part of our commitment to student success and attainment.
Only one in five students who enrolls in our nation's two-year colleges finishes his/her degree within three years. This statistic demonstrates the significance of the drop-out problem and emphasizes the importance of the FoE study.
A student's success begins with their first contact with a college or university. Literally every interaction we have with them, every service we provide (or don't provide), and the ease with which they can access services and pursue their degree impacts whether or not they will ultimately succeed. There are a lot of reasons for this drop-out rate, and the FoE project will help us define these reasons and determine which ones most affect Columbus State students.
The FoE project involves nine "Dimensions," or areas of study:
Faculty and staff from all areas of campus have volunteered their time to serve on Dimension Committees, which will work to gather important information on their assigned area. The data and information they gather will guide the College in creating an action plan to improve and enhance the resources and support we provide to our students to aid in their attainment of educational goals.
The project's official launch meeting is April 8, when all Dimension Committees will attend a training session and prepare to begin their work. Thank you in advance to everyone who in involved in the FoE process for your time and effort toward this critical initiative.
Watch future editions of Update for information on each dimension, and how it impacts student success.
Get in shape with hoops!
This Spring Quarter, the Department of Student Activities and Athletics is offering a brand-new wellness class: Hula Hoop! Hula Hoop is being held every Wednesday from 11:00 a.m.-noon. Hula Hoops are provided! This class is a fun, aerobic exercise that will really help strengthen your core.
This Spring Quarter you can take classes from A-Z! Choose from aerobics, spinning, yoga, Pilates, circuit training and Zumba. All wellness classes are held in Delaware Hall 158. See a brochure of all Wellness Activities here.
Columbus State leads state-wide training program for police
The Columbus State Department of Public Safety hosted a state-wide conference for campus law enforcement and security officers this week on campus. The Department was instrumental in developing the training program designed especially for college and university officers. The program is modeled after the successful K-12 School Resource Officers training program, sponsored by the Ohio School Resource Officers Association. Public Safety Director Dr. John Nestor, Chief of Police Sean Asbury and Student Conduct Program Coordinator Kellie Brennan, J.D., presented at the conference, along with presenters from Cincinnati State and Ohio State.
Columbus State to host "Day of Silence"
Sponsored by the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN), the National Day of Silence April 15 is a day of action in which students across the country take some form of a vow of silence to call attention to the silencing effect of anti-LGBT bullying and harassment in schools. Through their activities students can speak out against harassment and organize for change for their schools and communities. Columbus State participated in its first Day of Silence in 2008. Here's what the college will do in 2011 to end the silence:
Monday, April 11
Ally Brown Bag with Spectrum
"Can you be your WHOLE self at work?"
12– 1 p.m. in Franklin Hall 312
Wednesday, April 13
Cougar Pride Ally Meeting
Supporting GSA inside and outside the classroom
4- 5 p.m. in Franklin Hall 251
Thursday, April 14
Silent Information Table
"What are YOU doing to end the silence?"
11 a.m. – 1 p.m. in Nestor Hall Lobby
Friday, April 15
2nd Annual Metamorphosis Drag Show
Breaking the Day of Silence with Cougar Pride
7– 10 p.m. in the Nestor Hall Auditorium
For more information contact: firstname.lastname@example.com or call ext. 2426.
Massis' work included in worldwide reading list
Bruce Massis
Emerald Group Publishing Limited (UK) reported today that Director of the Educational Resources Center (ERC) Bruce Massis' column, published in New Library World, has been selected for inclusion in Emerald Reading ListAssist; Emerald's free, unique, peer-reviewed reading list service provided to all Emerald subscribers (libraries and library systems worldwide).
These comprehensive, subject-specific reading lists have been compiled by faculty experts and facilitate both teaching and learning, whilst further increasing the dissemination of the work of selected authors. The service, launched April 5, is comprised of a collection of 50 reading lists and accompanying editorials, covering subjects across Emerald's portfolio areas. Each reading list contains 60-80 Emerald articles and has filterable data markers that help the user to refine content searches. These indicators provide information on the article's practical, literary and pedagogical features, allowing for fast, easy and idiosyncratically-led content searches.
Massis authors the bi-monthly column for New Library World entitled, "What's New in Libraries" where he writes on issues facing today's academic libraries.


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Technical Paper
Influence of Water Injection on Performance and Emissions of a Direct-Injection Hydrogen Research Engine
The application of hydrogen (H2) as an internal combustion (IC) engine fuel has been under investigation for several decades. The favorable physical properties of hydrogen make it an excellent alternative fuel for IC engines and hence it is widely regarded as the energy carrier of the future. Direct injection of hydrogen allows optimizing this potential as it provides multiple degrees of freedom to influence the in-cylinder combustion processes and consequently engine efficiency and exhaust emissions. At certain operating conditions the stratification associated with hydrogen direct injection (DI) leads to an efficiency improvement. However, it also results in higher emissions levels. This paper examines the effects of combining an advanced direct injection strategy with water injection for efficiency benefits and emissions reduction of a hydrogen fuelled DI spark ignition (SI) engine.


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Here are some sample questions that have been used in the past. They were designed for Year 8/9, Five and Six classes.
1pt – money isn't everything
1pt – satisfying life
1pt – she wants him to trust her
1pt – she wants him to show her Wilma
Blabbermouth - Morris Gleitzman
The Nargun and the Stars - Patricia Wrightson
Running with the horses - Alison Lester
A Single Shard - Linda Sue Park
The Nargun and the Stars
Running wiht the Horses
A Single Shard


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What is VoIP?
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a term used to describe a group of technologies used to connect and deliver voice telephone calls over the Internet.
Top reasons to select ITS to deploy your business VoIP solution:
- Cost savings with an aggressive return-on-investment.
- Purchase and lease plans available.
- A fully integrated, business-grade solution with a single point of contact.
- Reliability. Built-in cloud-based redundancy from SIP trunk provider.
- Extremely flexible configuration – no limitations on features.
- Excellent call quality. Careful planning, monitoring and network design ensure an optimum environment for VoIP.
- A fully monitored system backed by superior ITS service and support.
- Standardized components and protocols; fully compliant with industry standards
- Fast, friendly, local service; ITS is a very successful family-owned company dedicated to making technology work for your enterprise. Selected manufacturers located locally to provide expedited services.
- Expert support; ITS associates average more than 20 years of technology experience. USA-based support from upstream vendors and manufacturers.
Why do ITS clients have an excellent voice experience?
With so many options and competing systems available, ITS embarked upon a search to find providers who align most closely with our service offerings and business values. These are some important points to that end:
- ITS provides solutions that combine purpose built hardware with an open architecture framework
- We only recommend products that comply with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 6314 Standard (very important for call quality and reliability)
- User friendly web portal for use by the client's assigned administrative personnel to request configuration and programming changes
- Local, knowledgeable support provided by ITS


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No. We do not support SAN storage on the Mac mini. Mac minis are not equipped to handle the network and bandwidth requirements of SAN storage. The Mac mini does not meet our hardware requirements due to not being included on VMware's compatibility list and because it lacks internal bus throughput.
If a SAN is not a viable option, we also offer two other high-capacity external storage options. You may add a subscription add-on or colocate a 2.5" BUS-powered hard drive up to 4TB in size (either USB or Thunderbolt). We also have a dedicated NAS option up to 25TB that is connected either directly to a server (depending on space and I/O port availability) or via the local network.
If your existing server is a Mac Pro running VMware and you wish to add SAN storage, this is possible. We'll need to take the server offline for a short period to present fibre channel connectivity to it. There is no additional labor cost when adding SAN at a later date. Available add-ons for your server are accessible within your customer dashboard under the Add-Ons tab within the details of your subscription(s).
If you have a Mac Pro server running an operating system on bare metal (macOS, for example), we can't provision SAN storage for it. Due to the configuration and storage type, the operating system is unable to connect to and manage SAN storage.


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In April, Häagen-Dazs Gelato will debut seven Italian-inspired gelato flavors. Thanks to our friends at Taylor Strategy, we had the opportunity to taste-test this delicious new product! With the help of some friends, we had an indulgent time trying out each flavor, a true #HDMoment for all!
Here's what we all had to say as a result of our gelato tasting party!
Black Cherry Amaretto:
"Wow this is good", "Real smooth", "You can really taste the fruit", "Creamy."
Sea Salt Caramel:
"Rich in flavor", "Tasty caramel", "Taste like Butter Pecan."
"Nice tart taste", "Refreshing" "Reminds me of summer", "Taste like lemon merengue."
Vanilla Bean:
"Classic flavor", "Rich and creamy", "decadent."
"Marble tasting", "Taste fresh like cappuccino coffee."
"Minty", "rich chocolate swirls," "nice mix of flavors."
Dark Chocolate Chip
"You can really taste the chocolate", "Rich", "indulgent."
According to Cady Behles, Häagen-Dazs' brand manager, "As the first super premium national brand to offer gelato, we wanted to make sure we got every detail exactly right by providing those who know and love our brand with the perfect expression of the Italian experience."
Come April, please make sure to look for Häagen-Dazs Gelato in the shelves at your local supermarket. Spring will be in full bloom in April, which gives you the perfect reason to eat gelato! Be sure to let us know what you think of the flavors you try!
Thanks again to Häagen-Dazs, Nestle and Taylor Strategy for satisfying our craving for gelato and introducing us to a product we'll be sure to try again and again!


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This post may contain affiliate links. A small portion of sales will go towards supporting And Hattie Makes Three.
Good Monday to you! Hope you had a lovely weekend. We sure did! Saturday we went to the local fire house for a Kids Fest full of games, animals and more!
Miss H rode a horse for the first time and his name was Bob. She was in the fence about it.
At the petting zoo, she was totally into this wallaby.
And the camel.
And the goats.
We haven't introduced her to Frozen yet, so meeting 2 "mystery princesses" just didn't work for her.
She even sat in a helicopter.
Saturday night, we decided for a date night in and I whipped up these yummy Parmesan Potato Stacks. So good! We had grilled zucchini and I had an amazing filet.
Then we started watching Catastrophe. It's on Amazon Prime – it's only 6 episodes and really cute!
Sunday, was pretty quiet. I had to do some work for a few up coming blog posts (stay tuned!) and then I whipped up a yummy dinner from roasted tomatoes, garlic & spinach pasta with a panko chicken tenders on top. So good!
Then hubs to the movies with the guys and I wasted my evening watching the VMAs. That's 2 + hours I can't get back!
So that was our weekend – how was yours?


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Connectedness and disconnectedness to new and old media within different age groups
Guided by diffusion of innovation theory, this study compares patterns of connectedness and disconnectedness to the Internet and traditional media within and across select age groups (20–39, 40–59, and 60 or over) by conducting a randomly sampled survey in Tokyo, Japan. The oldest age group fell behind younger age groups not only in regards to ownership and access, but also the scope and intensity of Internet connectedness. Within age groups, disparities in Internet connectedness was found in the oldest age group, while disparities in connecting to television, newspapers and radio was found in the youngest and middle age groups. Mass media connectedness was found to have a negative relationship with PC Internet connectedness in the oldest age group. Implications for the evolution of media connectedness and disconnectedness across different generations are discussed.
Full Text:HTML
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v21i8.6330
A Great Cities Initiative of the University of Illinois at Chicago University Library.
© First Monday, 1995-2019. ISSN 1396-0466.


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After a monster prime-time win over the Giants the 3-1 Eagles look to stay alone a top the NFC East. Next up: the Pittsburgh Steelers. Off we go…
ESPN: This might be one of the weirdest matchups of the season. The Eagles are somehow 3-1, the Steelers are somehow 1-2, and not only is Pittsburgh favored in Vegas, most of the experts like them too. With that in mind, it shouldn't be a surprise to learn that six of eight experts at the World Wide Leader like the Steelers, including the ESPN picking robot and the fan vote.
CBSSports.com: Eight of nine experts like Pittsburgh with only PredictionMachine.com (CBSSports.com's version of the picking robot) taking the Eagles. CBSSports.com columnist Pete Prisco explains it thusly: "This is one of the games of the week. The Eagles are coming off a tough division game against the Giants. The Steelers are coming off a bye. And they are getting healthy, which is key. Philadelphia didn't turn it over against the Giants, which was important. It will be here as well. But that's tough to do against a good Steelers defense. I like Pittsburgh now that it is getting healthy. PIT 27 PHI 21."
Yahoo Sports: Mike Silver likes the Eagles, Jason Cole and the Yahoo users are taking the Steelers.
What Vegas is saying: The Steelers are favored by 3.5 points but Vegas generally gives the home team three points for, well, being at home. The over-under is 43 (we love the over) and there's no shortage of ridiculous prop bets to waste your money on. Will either team score in the first 6.5 minutes? Bet here!. Over-under for the longest touchdown of the game: 42.5 yards. And if you think the Eagles will win by 22 points, you can bet $100 to make $1400.
Gabe, my 3-year-old yellow Lab (2-2): I usually label two paper plates "Eagles" and "Opponent," place two identically tasty dog treats on each plate, and let Gabe go at. This week I was short on time so I had a piece of cheese (representing Philly cheese steaks) and a ravioli (standing in for Pittsburgh hallmark pierogies), tossed them on the kitchen floor and waited for Game to make his move. Apparently, my dog loves pierogies. Which I took to mean he's betting heavy on the Steelers.
Me (2-2): Of life's great mysteries, cobbling together a living by betting on sports might be the most impressive. We say this as someone who has spent his life watching ungodly amounts of football and still, from one week to the next, has no idea which team will win. Maybe this says more about us than the randomness of a game that involves an odd-shaped ball and 22 fat guys running full-speed into each other for three hours at a time. Oh, and did we mention that we're Steelers fans (no idea how that slipped or minds till now)? So, yeah, we're going with Pittsburgh over Philly, 27-24.


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This year was one full of change for me, my human family and horses. What is most significant to me about a year is that it encapsulates everything you've done, everything that's happened to you, and all what you cannot control and that which you have put into action.
Horses and Christmas Eve: "the night the animals talk"
There is a Norwegian story about the birth of Jesus in the stable in Bethlehem, that claims that the animals in the stable watched the birth and then they began to praise God for what they had just seen. Apparently this went on before the shepherds came on the scene. When the shepherds appeared the animals fell silent. The only ones purported to hear the animals were Mary, Joseph and the Christ child.
Reading your horse's mind and thoughts
My mare Zuzka comes to stand beside me at the gate, ready to have her halter slipped on. She is one who often will want to play games about being haltered, suggesting, no, I'm too busy today to go ride. Or maybe it's just the game she likes. But this day she really wants to go out. I can often tell if she wants to go out on the trail, by how she stands looking off in the distance, when there is no activity on the horizon that can be seen with the naked eye. A sort of longing to be out there.
Remembering your horse is a horse
One of the interesting things that comes up for me in practice is how people will feel that their horse can do no wrong. That he won't suddenly get excited by a herd of wild horses in the distance, he will absolutely never step on their toes, and he most certainly will never suddenly jerk his head up and rear if something startles him.
Creating Sacred Spaces with Horses
I moved my horses recently, and I took the gravestone I'd had made for my departed gelding Khami with us. I was concerned that we would have to create a new sacred space at the new location, because the horses would no longer have Khami's grave to roll on. A few days before the move I went out to the grave and it had rained hard so the center was squishy, smooth mud that took on the appearance of the surface of peanut butter upon opening a new jar. One of the horses had walked around the mud center, hoofprints marking the perimeter of the grave.
Teeth and hooves: working with the aggressive horse
One of the hardest things for people to grapple with is the fact that their horse is not always nice. I talk about good behavior and model that for the horse, but sometimes the horse does not exhibit good behavior in spite of all the modeling. Sometimes we get a dose of teeth and hooves.
It takes a horse and human village
The phrase, "it takes a village," refers to the raising of a child and the "village" involved in raising him or her.
Support groups for people and their horses
Sometimes we find ourselves in communities of horse people that are not supportive of our goals and dreams with our horses. These communities can take the shape of boarding barns, performance horse groups focused on a particular equine discipline, equine riding clubs, and just people who are wedded to the notion that "this is the way we've always done it."
Conversation between horse and rider
What is the conversation between horse and rider?
Recently I've been working with a horse and rider team who are deeply bonded. After an accident the owner is building up her riding time. Her concern was that he would not sustain a trot for a length of time and that her body was not seated in the saddle evenly. Each side of her felt different, and one side felt unwieldy and unable to really connect.


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Sports Acro leotards can be colour changed for a pair or trio with no price supplement. Please contact our sales team for more information T: +44 01772 277777 E:email@example.com. Older diamantes and fabrics photographed may no longer be held in stock and may have to be exchanged for a diamante/fabric which is in stock.
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A cargo plane belonging to a U.S.-based company crashed shortly after takeoff from Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan on Monday, killing seven crew members. The Taliban claimed it shot the plane down, but many others speculated that the cargo was improperly loaded or shifted during takeoff. How do you load a cargo plane?
With positions, locks, and a load master. The inside of a cargo plane is divided into positions where freight can be loaded. Each position has a maximum weight, which is stenciled onto the inside of the plane, and the positions are separated by tracks on the floor. Locks located along the tracks and side rails hold the cargo in place. Most cargo is packaged in either pre-formed containers that fit into the positions or onto pallets and secured by nets. Some types of freight, such as cars or other large vehicles, can take up more than one space, but they still must be secured by locks and rails. (The plane that crashed in Afghanistan on Monday was reportedly carrying vehicles.)
The load master is in charge of cargo placement. He makes sure that each piece of freight has been weighed prior to loading the plane and that the total weight stays beneath the aircraft's carrying capacity. (The Boeing 747-400 that crashed in Afghanistan has a cargo capacity of around 125 tons.) He also ensures that the plane is properly balanced. Although lateral balance can be an issue in extreme situations, the more important concern is ensuring that the cargo doesn't shift the plane's center of gravity too far forward or backward.
The load master provides the pilot with a report of the total load and balance data prior to takeoff and inspects cargo placement. In some operations, the load master stays on the plane during flight and checks that nothing has shifted prior to landing.
Cargo pilots worry about freight breaking free from the locks and sliding around in the back. Shifting freight can make the plane either nose-heavy or tail-heavy, and the pilot has no way of knowing whether that has happened until after the plane is airborne, when it may be too late. That scenario played out in 1997, when boxes of denim broke loose in the belly of a DC-8 operated by the now defunct Fine Air cargo airline. Several empty positions allowed the freight to shift a great distance toward the back of the plane. The suddenly tail-heavy aircraft plummeted to the ground immediately after takeoff, skidding through a busy part of Miami and killing a man on the ground along with several crew members. Load masters are now required to place all locks on cargo planes in the up position—even if there is no freight in the space—to prevent loose cargo from sliding through empty positions. Critics, however, contend that the oversight of cargo operations remains lax, putting the lives of both flight crews and bystanders at risk.
Commercial passenger jets must also remain balanced, but they don't require as precise a loading operation as freighters. Airlines typically place luggage into containers before loading them into wide-bodied planes, but the bags are simply tossed into smaller jets. Rather than dividing the cargo hold into a series of positions, there is simply an aft belly and a fore belly. Baggage handlers have to keep those divisions roughly in balance and under the plane's capacity, keeping in mind the distribution of passengers. On the average commercial flight, the airlines can get away with assuming each passenger is of average weight. On smaller planes, however, which have less margin for error, passengers have to report their precise weight for proper balancing.
Got a question about today's news? Ask the Explainer.
Explainer thanks former cargo airline employee George Paul.
747 Crash at Bagram Air Base (Warning: video contents may be disturbing.)


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There are several Island Tour packages in El Nido. The price increase for the tours just came in effect a week before our scheduled trip so we had to pay more for the chosen Island tour. We chose Island Tour A which is worth Php 1,200.00 per each plus the the Php 200.00 environmental fee. I have done my research before our trip so we were all aware of the price increase even before we left for El Nido. We can't complain much about it. We were just excited about what was in store for us in the tour.
We arrived at the town proper before 9 o'clock in the morning. The boat booked for us hasn't arrived yet. As we waited, we took more photos of course.
After about 30 minutes of waiting patiently, we're all on board on the boat with other tourists for our first El Nido island hopping tour!
We were just in awe of the beautiful stretch of the turquoise-green waters of Bacuit Bay. The limestone cliffs are not only seen on the town proper but it's on the islands as well. They're fascinating, so beautiful!
Our first stop was at Seven Commandos Beach. It was named after the 7 Japanese commandos who lived on the beach after World War II.
We're so excited and we just can't hid it! LOL!
It was my companions' first time experience to snorkel and I could tell they enjoyed it. If we only had an underwater camera, my boyfriend would have taken pictures of the beautiful marine life in that sanctuary.


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Give us that call now on 0113 418 2864 to enjoy our services.Contact Us


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Allergies Home > Rare Reactions to Clarinex
Rare Side EffectsDuring clinical studies, a number of other side effects occurred in less than 2 percent of people while they were taking Clarinex. It is difficult to tell whether these side effects occurred because of Clarinex or something else.
Some of these rare Clarinex side effects include but are not limited to:
- Serious allergic reaction
- Rapid heart rate (tachycardia)
- Heart palpitations
- Increased liver enzymes.
Final Thoughts
It is possible that you may experience some or none of these Clarinex side effects. Unfortunately, there is no way for your healthcare provider to know beforehand if you will have side effects from a medicine that you have never tried.
Therefore, make sure to let your healthcare provider know if you develop any side effects while taking this product. Also, let your healthcare provider know if you develop something that "just does not seem right." While it may not be a side effect, your healthcare provider will be able to diagnose and treat the problem.


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Baby Hazel Thanksgiving Fun
Description: Hurray! Baby Hazel and her family have decided to celebrate Thanksgiving Day at her grandparents' house. Help Baby Hazel get ready for the celebration by dressing her up in a festive costume and accessories. Enjoy fun-filled activities with Hazel at the Thanksgiving Day parade. Finally, join Hazel and her family for Thanksgiving dinner.
Category: Baby Hazel
Note: This game requires Adobe Flash Player. If game does not load, try installing the newest Flash Player. This game takes a few seconds to load.
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Play games, win ourWorld money, and get clothing and accessories to create your own style.


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A new study has completely dismantled the argument used by gun control activists. We are told by gun-ban-happy politicians that we NEED to ban these so-called "assault weapons" right now because they are a threat to society.
But the study which was published in the Applied Economics Letters is now saying what we have been saying all along: that gun control endangers lives while concealed carry laws allow lives to be saved.
The author of the study is a Quinnipiac University economist, Mark Gius. He uses a large segment of data to draw his conclusions so as to get the broader picture on gun control saying,
Using data for the period 1980 to 2009 and controlling for state and year fixed effects, the results of the present study suggest that states with restrictions on the carrying of concealed weapons had higher gun-related murder rates than other states. It also found that assault weapons bans did not significantly affect murder rates at the state level.
Think about that for a minute. Not only does the data reveal that gun control does not lower gun-related murders but it actually increases murder rates. Looks like criminals don't relish the thought of return fire from concealed weapon permit holders in state's where they are allowed to shoot back.
According to Breitbart.com this study was substantiated by a thorough review of the facts.
For example, beyond the abstract Gius explains what he means by "restricted" versus "unrestricted" concealed carry laws. He does this by showing that every state has one of four laws: "unrestricted," "shall issue," "may issue," and "no issue." Of the four, "may issue" and "no issue" are the most restricted, and states with these laws demonstrated "gun-related murder rates that were 10 percent higher" than less restricted states.
But even while every gun owner realizes these new gun control restrictions in certain states like Connecticut, California, and New York will do nothing to control gun violence it will not stop anti-gun politicians from pushing through an agenda under the guise of "a safer society".
AR-15 style rifles have been the target of every anti-gun lawmaker even though they have no understanding of how the guns work. But more importantly, they have no understanding of how criminals work, and how a ban on these guns is more about restricting yet another freedom rather than saving anyone's life.
If bans on so-called "assault weapons" actually reduce gun-related murders where is the data? Put simply. It doesn't exist.
This ex-military insider's shocking secret about the food crisis is revealed and most Americans are not ready. Read more here. (ad)


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There are currently no listings in Dorsett Oaks.
Click SAVE THIS SEARCH to receive email notifications when properties become available.
The charming neighborhood of Dorsett Oaks is a mixture of single-family homes and duplexes. Located off Dorsett Road near West Parmer Lane, homes in Dorsett Oaks were first built in the late 1980's and early 1990's. Brightly colored homes with small front porches line the streets, painted in different colors so no two homes look exactly alike. The duplexes share an attached two-car garage with each side maintaining their own front yard. Homes in Dorsett Oaks are priced within the $200's for single-family homes and high $100's for duplexes, depending on the size of the space. Children in Dorsett Oaks attend excellent Austin ISD schools, including Summit Elementary, which is just a short drive away. Dorsett Oaks is centrally located between Highway 183 and Mopac, so residents have easy access to the heart of the city. The Domain shopping center is also just five minutes away, which features high-end shopping and a Whole Foods Market. Families enjoy the nearby Balcones Community Park, where visitors can hike the natural trails or host a family picnic. The Roaring Fork is a great nearby restaurant for date night, or residents can visit the more family friendly Rudy's Country Store and BBQ. Affordable homes and a great location makes Dorsett Oaks a fantastic place to call home.
Dorsett Oaks Location and Map
- 20.4 mi/27 mins to Bergstrom International Airport
- 11.8 mi/15 mins to downtown Austin
Dorsett Oaks Real Estate
There are currently no listings in Dorsett Oaks. Click the SAVE THIS SEARCH button to receive email notifications when properties become available.
For Historical Sales Data or to learn if there are Coming Soon or Pocket Listings in Dorsett Oaks, please contact us. Alternatively, expand your search to the entire Northwest Austin area.
Dorsett Oaks Neighborhood Schools Back to Top
|School District:
|Austin Independent School District
|Elementary School:
|Summit Elementary
|Middle School:
|Murchison Middle School
|High School:
|Anderson High School
Note: Neighborhood school assignments change regularly. For the most current information, please contact us.
Things to Do Near Dorsett Oaks Back to Top
More Northwest Austin Neighborhoods Back to Top
Want to learn more about Northwest Austin communities? Here is our complete list of Northwest Austin neighborhood profiles.
- 620 Oaks
- Acres West
- Adirondack
- Alicante Townhomes
- Anderson Mill
- Anderson Mill Village
- Angel Pass
- Angus Valley
- Aqua Verde
- Arboretum Park Condos
- Arroyo Seco
- At the Loop
- Austin Hills
- Austin Woods
- Balcones Greene
- Balcones Hills
- Balcones Oaks
- Balcones Park
- Balcones Place Condos
- Balcones Village
- Balcones West
- Balcones Woods
- Barr II
- Barrington Oaks
- Bellagio Estates
- Bend at Villages of Spicewood
- Beverly Hills
- Bluffs at Balcones
- Bluffs at Villages of Spicewood
- Bull Creek Bluff Estates
- Bull Creek Ranch Condos
- Canyon Creek
- Canyon Mesa
- Canyon Ridge
- Cat Mountain
- Cat Mountain Villas
- Champions Forest
- Charleston Place
- Cherry Hill Park
- Christopher's Cove
- Cima Hills
- Cima Oaks
- Colina Vista
- Cottages at Lake Creek Condos
- Courtyard
- Courtyard Homes Anderson Oaks
- Courtyard Homes Cobblestone
- Deerbrook Village
- Dominion at Great Hills
- Dorsett Oaks
- Dry Creek West Condos
- Enchanted Forest
- Enclave at Balcones Forest
- Enclave at Mesa
- Enclave at Sierra Vista
- Enclave at Spicewood Villages
- Estates at Hunter's Chase
- Estates of Barr II
- Estates of Brentwood
- Fairway at Great Hills
- Forest at Villages of Spicewood
- Forest North Estates
- Gardens at Spicewood
- Glenlake
- Grandview Hills
- Great Hills
- Green Trails Estates
- Greenshores
- Grey Rock Village
- Hidden Meadows
- Hidden Valley
- High Vista Views
- Highland Hills
- Highland Oaks
- Highlands at Oak Forest
- Hillcrest Mesa Townhomes
- The Hillside
- Hunter Oaks
- Hunter's Chase
- Imperial Condos
- Indian Oaks
- Jester Estates
- Jester Point
- Jolly Oaks
- Lake Creek at Anderson Mill
- Lake Creek Park
- Lake Creek Villas
- Lakeline Square Condos
- Lakewood
- Lakewood Park
- Lakewood Village
- Ledgestone Cliffs
- Long Canyon
- Los Indios
- McCormick Ranch
- Meadow Mountain
- Mesa Forest
- Mesa Park
- Mesa Point
- Mesa Valley
- Milrun Village at Anderson Mill
- Milwood
- Montebello
- Morado Cove Condos
- North Cat Mountain
- North Hills Club Townhomes
- Northmoor Park
- Northview Hills
- Northwest Balcones
- Northwest Estates
- Northwest Hills
- Northwest Woods
- Oak Forest
- Oaks 06 Twenty
- Palladio Point
- Park at Duval
- Park at Spicewood Springs
- Parke at Anderson Mill
- Parke at Grandview Hills
- Parkhill
- Parmer Crossing
- Parmer Village
- Pecan Park Condominiums
- Preserve at Four Points
- Preserve at Zimmerman Lane
- Presidio Station
- Q Ranch
- Raintree Estates
- Ranch at River Place
- Ridge at Balcones
- River Place
- Savoy
- Serena Woods
- Shadow Oaks Townhomes
- Shepherd Mountain
- Shinoak Valley
- Sierra Arbor Estates
- Sierra Oaks
- Sierra Vista
- Spicewood at Balcones Village
- Spicewood at Bull Creek
- Spicewood Estates
- Spicewood Forest
- Spicewood Hills
- Spicewood Vista Condos
- Springwoods
- Steiner Ranch
- Steiner Ranch Golf
- Stillhouse Canyon Condos
- Summer Wood
- Summit Oaks
- Tanglewood Estates
- Taylor Draper
- Timberwood
- Toro Creek
- Treetops
- Twin Mesa
- Valley Oaks
- Valleyside Place Condos
- Versante Canyon
- Villa Montana
- Village at Anderson Mill
- Village Oaks
- Villages of Spicewood
- Villas at Canyon Creek
- Vista North
- Vista Ridge
- Vista West
- Walnut Crossing
- Westcliff
- Westhill Estates
- Westminster Glen
- Westover Hills
- Whispering Valley Condos
- Whitney Oaks Condos
- Windridge
- Woodcrest
- Woodland Village
- Woodlands of Austin
- Woods of Greenshores
- Yaupon Terrace
For Dorsett Oaks, austinhomelistings.com Recommends
The information being provided is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
Based on information from the Austin Board of REALTORS® (alternatively, from ACTRIS) from December 9th, 2019 at 3:16pm CST. Neither the Board nor ACTRIS guarantees or is in any way responsible for its accuracy. The Austin Board of REALTORS®, ACTRIS and their affiliates provide the MLS and all content therein "AS IS" and without any warranty, express or implied. Data maintained by the Board or ACTRIS may not reflect all real estate activity in the market.
All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified.


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The Oklahoma Federation of Young Republicans is the officially recognized organization for registered Republicans between the ages of 18-40 within the State of Oklahoma. We are proud to be recognized and an affiliate of the Young Republican National Federation (YRNF).
The Oklahoma Young Republicans are growing exponentially as we share our conservative message about our values and growing!
To keep up with all of our events, updates, and volunteer information, please download our App (on Apple, Android, and Google Play) and text "okyr2016" to 95577 to join our text alerts!
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Feeling good about the community you live in can be just as important as selecting the right home. As a local expert, I can help you find a neighborhood that best suits your needs. From local restaurants and activities to school information and market trends, explore the communities I serve below.
Communities Served
- All cities and counties in the Triad
- Bermuda Run, Advance
- Clemmons
- East Bend, Booneville
- Greensboro
- High Point
- Kernersville
- King
- Lewisville
- Lexington
- Oak Ridge
- Pfafftown
- Rural Hall
- Thomasville
- Tobaccoville
- Walkertown
- Walnut Cove
- Winston Salem
Click on a community to find out more!


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Keeping a Clean Desktop With TrayEverything
I read about a new app called Tray Everything, which lets you minimize any program to your system tray, but I didn't think I would really have a use for it. A few days later, though, I had a number of apps open including Windows Live Writer, Excel, IE, Firefox, my FTP program FileZilla, and an AIR app called Doomi (for to-do lists), which seemed to have no "minimize to tray" setting. I then realized that Tray Everything might just be something I needed after all. The clutter of having all the apps at the bottom of my screen was finally starting to bother me.
I then remembered Tray Anything and decided to give it a try. I was happy to find that the app is very simple to use. After you install it, you just double-click on any of your running applications listed to minimize them to the system tray. That's it in a nutshell. But beyond that, you can also configure more advanced options like hiding certain apps' icons from appearing in the tray, password-protecting apps, configuring hotkeys, or turning on auto-minimizing to the tray after an interval you specify. And if you plan on using Tray Anything to minimize a bunch of instances of the same application, you can tray them all with just one icon. (Did I just use "tray" as a verb? Hmm.)
According to the application's homepage, Tray Anything works on Windows 95/98/Me/2000/XP, but I've been running it on Vista without any issues yet. You can download Tray Anything for yourself from here.
More episodes in this series
Convert Anything With Zamzar's IE Plugin
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Skip the Taskbar!
The Discussion
Power Menu is another good app, you can check out.
Power Menu is another good app, you can check out.
thanks, I will!


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RFID: What's The Real Value?By Michael Vizard | Posted 2007-10-02 Print
When it comes to RFID and other tech investments, first isn't always best.
In retrospect, it was probably less than reasonable to expect Wal-Mart to meet its overly aggressive goals for rolling out RFID. As detailed in this month's cover story by Mel Duvall, the retailer is lagging behind its own timetable for the internal RFID rollout while the vast majority of suppliers that were supposed to comply with its RFID mandates are still trying to figure out why they should invest now in what can only be described as an immature technology.
Wal-Mart's RFID investment has not been a complete waste. The company is deriving significant benefits from the project, even if there's no immediately tangible payoff. For example, the original assumption was that the best place to apply RFID in the supply chain was at Wal-Mart distribution centers. But based on experience, Wal-Mart has determined that the distribution centers are already pretty efficient and that the real value to be derived from an RFID investment won't come until it pushes the technology out to the store level.
In essence, this is a classic case of a technology being applied to a business process without the analysis required to determine where that technology might best improve the business overall. It's also a classic example of an overly ambitious approach to an emerging technology that stands in sharp contrast to the approach taken by another Fortune 50 giant...
In a case study that appears only at baselinemag.com, Mel Duvall takes us behind the scenes at Dow Chemical, which relied on a more methodical approach to winnow out from more than 450 proposed RFID projects 10 that company executives expect may actually have a big enough impact to justify the investment. Most of these projects involve the relatively simple tracking of large containers of chemicals in transit on the nation's railway systems, which, given the size of the tank cars on the rails, create an ideal environment for deployment of first-generation RFID tags. In other words, the technology is right-sized to the task at hand.
It's human nature to get excited about the potential of something new like RFID, but caution is usually the better part of valor when it comes to emerging technologies. That said, we're hopeful the next generation of RFID tags and related technologies will finally live up to the technology's much ballyhooed potential.
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Prestige Twyford Hand Crafted Solid Wood Fire Surround - White
Estimated Delivery 2-3 Weeks
No need to create an account to get delivery costs.
For a full delivery quote to your address, add the products you require to your basket and click the 'View Contents' button to see a full list of delivery options and costs for your entire order.
Technical Data
- External Height:
- 1118
- Opening width:
- 775mm
- Opening height:
- 787mm
- Width at base:
- 1245mm
- Rebate: 76mm
- Mantle width:
- 1346mm
- Mantle Depth:
- 203mm
Prestige Fire Surrounds are hand-crafted to order and as such, have a 2-3 week lead time and regrettably, are non-refundable from the point of ordering.
The contemporary Twyford Fire Surround features clean lines, multiple internal steps which reduce the opening size and a robust mantel shelf.
Also available in Oak, Mahogany and Beech finishes (sold separately).
Note, the rebate is adjustable from 25mm to 76mm.
With this listing you are purchasing the fire surround only.
All surrounds are despatched directly from the manufacturer via courier. Delivery date and time to be arranged between courier and customer.


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Traditional Storage Units
Traditional storage is designed for those items that are suitable for a garage. Most of our traditional storage is drive-up accessible for easy access. Several size units are available in traditional storage.
Home and Car Storage Solutions
- Keep your stuff out of the way during renovation projects.
- Car and Motorcycle Storage - Individual garages so you can access your vehicle anytime, seasonal or year-round.
- Seasonal Items - Store seasonal decorations, toys, and furniture so you can have the extra space at home.
- Clean out the garage so you can park your car where it belongs!
- Haven't found a place to call home yet? Store your stuff with us until you do!
- Are the kids off to college? Store their stuff with us while they are away or when they come home for the summer.


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Every veteran who has incurred a disability, physical or mental, from their time in service is entitled to receive benefits from the Department of Veterans' Affairs, or the VA. No matter the kind of military trauma you're suffering from, you should be able to receive compensation — and with the recent troubles the VA has been experiencing, your best course of action is to seek legal advice for veterans. Luckily, in many cases you won't need to hire a pricy veterans lawyer to file a claim for VA benefits. But it is a good idea to do research and seek legal advice for veterans before you begin the claims process. If you're one of the many veterans seeking VA di
Monthly Archives: | August, 2014
Why You May Want to Hire a Long Term Disability Lawyer
One of the most stressful things a person can go through is having to file a long term disability claim. There are a number of different things you have to worry about. Whatever injury or illness that is keeping you from working is probably the biggest struggle, but there are also the added stressors of worrying about how you're going to be able to get back to work and what you'll do financially in the meantime. Many employers offer long term disability benefits, which cover both physical and psychological illnesses. If something is ailing you that keeps you from begin able to work you might be eligible for long term disability benefits. This is where a long term disability lawyer comes in. You don't have to go through the stressful process of filing for long term disability claims alone,