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12/14/17 ASHLAND, Ohio – A team of three MBA students from Ashland University has been selected to participate in the KeyBank MBA Minority Student Case Competition for 2018.
The AU students -- Kaneeka Dalton Paul of Columbus, Ohio; Andrea Shellow of Columbus, Ohio; and Abdallah Ibrahim of Amman, Jordan -- will participate in the 14th Annual KeyBank & Fisher College of Business Minority MBA Student Case Competition on Feb. 23-25, 2018, at the Westin Cleveland Downtown in Cleveland, Ohio.
AU's Dr. Dan Fox, associate professor of business administration, will serve as the faculty coach for the event.
"We are excited because this will be the first time that Ashland University students have participated in this competition," said AU's Dr. Elad Granot, dean of the Dauch College of Business and Economics. "This competition will give these students an opportunity to apply their course work to a challenging real-life business problem while competing against teams from some of the best MBA programs in the world. Most importantly, our MBA students will make an impact while engaging in this innovative experience."
KeyBank Foundation will supervise the selection of a contemporary and never-before-used case topic addressing business issues with varied implications at either a national or international level. Teams of three presenters are being invited from universities and colleges across the country to compete.
Each team will benefit from the opportunity to develop important professional skills such as analyzing and responding quickly to often-complex business issues. Also, teams will have a chance to hone their communication and team-building talents while learning from the expertise of business executive judges and moderators.
Ashland University, ranked in the top tier of colleges and universities in U.S. News and World Report's National Universities category for 2017, is a mid-sized, private university conveniently located a short distance from Akron, Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio. Ashland University (www.ashland.edu) deeply values the individual student and offers a unique educational experience that combines the challenge of strong, applied academic programs with a faculty and staff who build nurturing relationships with their students. ###


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The term "time immemorial" originally referred to the time before Richard I became King of England in July 1189. more...
December 7 , 1941 : Japanese bombers attack Pearl Harbor. more...
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Amount realized is the total amount of compensation that is received when selling some type of good or service to a buyer. This amount may be in the form of a gain of some type, if the seller is able to move the products at a profit. When the good or service is sold at a loss, the amount realized is presented as a negative figure. The calculation of this amount is helpful when preparing tax returns, as it is necessary to determine if any gains were made that are subject to taxes, of if the amount lost could be eligible for some sort of tax deduction.
Unlike other calculations that have to do with sales of goods and services, the amount realized focuses solely on the actual amount that is paid for the products and does not reflect any ancillary or related costs. This means that the figure does not include other expenses such as the cost of transporting the products to the buyer, or providing a sales commission to a salesperson or agent for their role in the selling activity. Expenses of those types are accounted for in other ways but do not change the amount realized.
A basic approach to determining the amount realized calls for identifying what is known as the total consideration for the transaction, then subtracting the cost basis from that amount. The total consideration is the total amount paid by the seller in order to acquire the asset in question, while the cost basis is value of the asset that is adjusted for depreciation or other factors that impact the taxable value of that asset. Once the subtraction of the cost basis from the total consideration is complete, the remaining figure constitutes the amount realized.
It is important to note that in the process of determining the amount realized, the total consideration may also include the transfer of any indebtedness that is currently attached to the asset that is sold, as well as any cash payments tendered to the seller. For example, if a car owner wishes to sell a vehicle that is not completely paid for, the deal may be structured so that the buyer pays a certain amount to the seller and also assumes responsibility for the remaining payments due on the car loan. When this is the case, the total consideration will include both the cash paid to the seller and the total balance remaining on that car loan. This is because the seller is realizing not only cash from the sale but also the consideration of no longer being responsible for that car loan.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Neal A. Maxwell, "Living Scriptures from a Living God through Living Prophets and for a Living Church," in Scriptures for the Modern World, ed. Paul R. Cheesman and C. Wilfred Griggs (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1984), 1–12.
Living Scriptures from a Living God through Living Prophets and for a Living Church
Elder Neal A. Maxwell
I, for one, believe that, while the fifth verse in the epistle of the Apostle James has been helpful to many in various ages, it was also a specific verse implanted by divine design to help bring to pass the First Vision in the last dispensation. Of that verse, the Prophet Joseph Smith said with authority, "Never did any pas-sage of scripture come with more power to the heart of man than this did at this time to mine" (JS-H 1:12). How blessed we are by the living God, the restored living Church, and living prophets that emerged through use of the living scriptures!
Wherefore, ye must press forward with a steadfastness in Christ, having a perfect brightness of hope, and a love of God and of all men. Wherefore, if ye shall press forward, feasting upon the word of Christ, and endure to the end, behold, thus saith the Father: Ye shall have eternal life." (2 Nephi 31:20; italics added.)
In his inspired translation of the King James Version, the Prophet Joseph Smith even gave us the otherwise missing definition of "the key of knowledge." (Who would not want that key?) This "key of knowledge" is, in fact, "the fulness of the scriptures" (JST, Luke 11:53).
And the angel spake unto me, saying: These last records, which thou has seen among the Gentiles, shall establish the truth of the first, which are of the twelve apostles of the Lamb, and shall make known the plain and precious things which have been taken away from them; and shall make known to all kindreds, tongues, and people, that the Lamb of God is the Son of the Eternal Father, and the Savior of the world; and that all men must come unto him, or they cannot be saved. (1 Nephi 13:40; italics added.)
Furthermore, as one who cherishes the Bible—who is everlastingly grateful for it and its skilled translators, for the truths in it, and for the supernal power of its literature—I must always bear in mind that many plain and precious things have been taken away from it (see 1 Nephi 13:28). Some are restored in the Book of Mormon, and still others in other modern scriptures.
If I were to make a few suggestions as to ways in which the scriptures can be made to come alive in a dying world, they would include the following:
Second, we can make full use of the wonderful new LDS edition of the King James Version of the Bible, with its topical index and remarkable system of cross-referencing—all to the end that when we study the living scriptures we study them as a continuum and in the context of added revelations and insights given to us by modern prophets. Ponder, for instance, the rendering of Matthew 6:33 in the King James Version: "But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you." Then read the Joseph Smith Translation of this verse: "Wherefore, seek not the things of this world but seek ye first to build up the kingdom of God, and to establish his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you" (JST, Matthew 6:38; italics added).
Third, the Christian connection of the dispensations can best be appreciated if we realize the interconnectedness or ecology of the scriptures, as we see in this instance several centuries before Christ: "For, for this intent have we written these things, that they may know that we knew of Christ, and we had a hope of his glory many hundred years before his coming; and not only we ourselves had a hope of his glory, but also all the holy prophets which were before us. Behold, they believed in Christ and worshiped the Father in his name." (Jacob 4:4–5; italics added.)
By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter;
Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season;
Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompence of the reward" (Hebrews 11:24–26; italics added).
Confirming scriptures tell us this: "Whatsoever ye ask the Father in my name it shall be given unto you, that is expedient for you; and if ye ask anything that is not expedient for you, it shall turn unto your condemnation (D&C 88:64–65).
And were it possible that man could number the particles of the earth, yea, millions of earths like this, it would not be a beginning to the number of thy creations; and thy curtains are stretched out still; and yet thou art there, and thy bosom is there, and also thou art just; thou art merciful and kind forever" (Moses 7:30; italics added). Centuries later, Brigham Young said there are "millions of earths like this" one. [1]
Seventh, we should also see the remarkable correlation of the prophets as we read the scriptures carefully. Notice this statement from Paul: "For our light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory" (2 Corinthians 4:17). You see, brothers and sisters, how well it ties with what we read in the revelation given to Joseph Smith: "My son, peace be unto thy soul; thine adversity and thine afflictions shall be but a small moment" (D&C 121:7).
Ye are swift to do iniquity but slow to remember the Lord your God. Ye have seen an angel, and he spake unto you; yea, ye have heard his voice from time to time; and he hath spoken unto you in a still small voice, but ye were past feeling, that ye could not feel his words; wherefore, he has spoken unto you like unto the voice of thunder, which did cause the earth to shake as if it were to divide asunder." (1 Nephi 17:45; italics added.) We then see it several centuries later in the writings of Paul to the Saints at Ephesus: "Who being past feeling have given themselves over unto lasciviousness, to work all uncleanness with greediness" (Ephesians 4:19; italics added). Finally, we see the phrase in the words of a prophet who describes the decadence of another people several centuries after Christ: "And now, my son, I dwell no longer upon this horrible scene. Behold, thou knowest the wickedness of this people; thou knowest that they are without principle, and past feeling; and their wickedness doth exceed that of the Lamanites." (Moroni 9:20; italics added.) Why not let companion scriptures travel together through the length and breadth of our mind?
By pureness, by knowledge, by longsuffering, by kindness, by the Holy Ghost, by love unfeigned. . ." (2 Corinthians 6:6; italics added). Peter confirmed it: "Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently" (1 Peter 1:22; italics added). And the Lord in a revelation to Joseph Smith spoke of it also: "No power or influence can or ought to be maintained by virtue of the priest- hood, only by persuasion, by long-suffering, by gentleness and meekness, and by love unfeigned" (D&C 121:41; italics added).
As mentioned earlier, if we can cluster and then liken the scriptures to ourselves and our needs, we can better cope with suffering in tribulation-of which there will be more, not less, in the years ahead. Notice how Paul opens the windows of his soul in this portion of his epistle to the Saints at Corinth about his "thorn in the flesh":
And lest I should be exalted above measure through the abundance of the revelations, there was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me, lest I should be exalted above measure.
For this thing I besought the Lord thrice, that it might depart from me.
And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness. Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me. (2 Corinthians 12:7–9.)
The Lord's grace is sufficient for us. He will help us. Paul even intimates that certain weaknesses can somehow become a strength to us. Notice now how another prophet is told the same thing, but in an amplified way:
And when I had said this, the Lord spake unto me, saying: Fools mock, but they shall mourn; and my grace is sufficient for the meek, that they shall take no advantage of your weakness;
And if men come unto me I will show unto them their weakness. I give unto men weakness that they may be humble; and my grace is sufficient for all men that humble themselves before me; for if they humble themselves before me, and have faith in me, then will I make weak things become strong unto them. (Ether 12:26–27.)
Thus the Lord gives Moroni the same basic assurances that he gave to Paul, indicating that his grace is sufficient for those who humble themselves before him. He also says that we are even given certain kinds of weaknesses in order that we may be humble and that these weaknesses could then become a strength to us.
(Parenthetically, a computer would have been too clumsy to have taken account of these parallels and concepts and phraseology as they appear in these degrees between the various books of scripture.)
There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it. (1 Corinthians 10:13; italics added.)
But that ye would humble yourselves before the Lord, and call on his holy name, and watch and pray continually, that ye may not be tempted above that which ye can bear, and thus be led by the Holy Spirit, becoming humble, meek, sub- missive, patient, full of love and all long-suffering. (Alma 13:28; italics added.)
The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations, and to reserve the unjust unto the day of judgment to be punished. (2 Peter 2:9; italics added.)
Behold, and hearken, a ye elders of my church, saith the Lord your God, even Jesus Christ, your advocate, who knoweth the weakness of man and how to succor them who are tempted. (D&C 62:1; italics added.)
And again, I say unto you, that my servant Isaac Morley may not be tempted above that which he is able to bear, and counsel wrongfully to your hurt, I gave commandment that his farm should be sold. (D&C 64:20; italics added.)
Notice now, brothers and sisters, how the prophets often play a clarifying role, as in the case of the Apostle James who turned the hose of common sense upon those who might have misunderstood who is responsible for temptation: "Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God: for God cannot be tempted with evil, neither tempteth he any man: but every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed"(James 1:13–14).
The Lord in modem revelation gives us some sense of how our challenges may increase as we are able to bear them:
Behold, ye are little children and ye cannot bear all things now; ye must grow in grace and in the knowledge of the truth. (D&C 50:40.)
And ye cannot bear all things now; nevertheless, be of good cheer, for I will lead you along. The kingdom is yours and the blessings thereof are yours, and the riches of eternity are yours. (D&C 78:18.)
How fitting it is that The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the most Christ-centered church upon the face of the earth, that it has brought forth at this time a new edition of the Bible with a topical index and all the scriptures referenced, to join in witnessing for Christ. No wonder the Church is named after Jesus Christ-not after one of his disciples, not after a day of the week, not after one of the ordinances in his gospel, not after a country, but after him!
Happily, alterations have been made in the Church's meeting schedules in order to give families, if they will use it, more time, not only for each other, but for the study of the scriptures and, significantly, for added Christian service-all to the end that we might have the Savior's blessings and Spirit to accompany us in this time of special challenges. [2]
When we can receive and accept the affirmation of those searching and recurring questions, then it is no wonder that what Alma said is true; for in an otherwise sad world, we "owe all our happiness" to the sacred word of the Lord (see Alma 44:5). It was Goethe who called architecture "frozen music." [3] The scriptures are, as it were, frozen truth—truth preserved over the length of all the human experience—but, ironically, these frozen truths melt us, warm us, nourish us; they are "preserved," but they are also "living" scriptures.
[1] Brigham Young, in Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (London: Latter-day Saints' Book Depot, 1855–86), 11:41.
[2] As quoted by Malcolm Muggeridge, "The Great Liberal Death Wish," Imprimis (a publication of Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, MI), 1979.
[3] Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, "Philosophy of Art," in Conversations with Eckermann, trans. Schelling (New York: Dutton and Co., 1930), 303.


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*I began writing this piece several weeks back when I realized the prudent thing to do would be to wipe it from my desktop and forget about it until I got back from North Korea. I was aware they would go through my computer files – just not every file. Good thing I waited.
On March 2nd the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) slapped North Korea with some of the harshest sanctions in decades through Resolution 2270 for its' provocations, which include nuclear weapons and ballistic missile testing. Amid international outcry, the Kim Jong-un regime has continued to habitually cross the line by conducting additional missile tests in the wake of sanctions from the international community. The internal environment in North Korea highlights its provocations equally as well as the responses those provocations have warranted both regionally and globally. The solution however, is just as muddy as the problem itself. It is therefore imperative to look at this problem – because it clearly is a problem – holistically, and not in isolation. Due to the complex nature of escalating tensions on the Korean peninsula, it is useful to look at the DPRKs aggressive behavior with three things in mind: the parliamentary elections in South Korea, global economic volatility, and the joint military exercises involving the US and South Korea. If there is one absolute, it is this – there are the way things seem, and there are the way things are. With regard to anything, it can be useful to first address the facts before taking a specific course of action. In this way, by establishing a rough timeline of recent events and assessing the capacity of the DPRK it will be simpler to take a more pragmatic approach towards any useful discussion about it. This post will briefly address the merit and potential blowback of strategies global actors are pursuing to quell the persistent behavior of the DPRK.
Keywords: sanctions, THAAD, nuclear weapons, DPRK
The following map will help to provide some context for the timeline below as well as the rest of this (and the next) post.
North Korea no doubt boasts one of the most robust militaries in the world. With a population of only 24.9 million people, roughly 5.25% are active military. The quandary it faces is that most of its equipment is severely outdated. Associated Press reporters and the U.S. Secretary of Defense refer to most of their equipment as "legacy equipment." That is to say that many of the tanks, artillery, and infantry weapons are based upon Cold War era designs from the Chinese and former Soviet Union. The combat aircraft that they do possess was acquired in the 1980's from the Soviet Union. The closest thing to a competitive advantage it has lies in its navy, even though it is the smallest branch of their military. Nearly seventy submarines significantly bolster the capacity to attack coastal areas while strengthening its defense and providing stealth. Although it has an enormous standing military and routinely conducts unconcealed missile tests, North Korea focuses a large portion of its energy to developing asymmetric warfare tactics, including cyberwarfare.
The following tables I've constructed represent the most recently available information on the North Korean military:
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
As evidenced in the rough timeline below, there clearly exists a causal relationship between the hostilities the DPRK has engaged in and the overwhelming response from the international community. Clearly triggered by the hydrogen bomb test in January and the subsequent ICBM satellite launch, sanctions were introduced with the full intention of applying strong pressure in order to disengage the DPRK. Provisions of Resolution 2270 include mandatory inspections of any and all cargo ships en route or leaving North Korea, a ban on import of aviation and rocket fuel, and choking off the supply of its key exports – which include coal, iron, and iron ore. Both China and Russia, however, have strongly encouraged certain exceptions to be made. Strongly reliant upon Chinese crude oil, under the current framework North Korea is permitted to continue importing crude oil from Beijing. The pipeline, which supplies roughly 500,000 tons annually, directly supplies the DPRKs military. On the other side of the coin, Russia insists that the Rajin port – which is connected to Khasan – remains operational for exports of Siberian produced coal. As one may conjecture, geography alone makes this demand a little suspect. Quite a farce if Russia intends to undercut the UNSC resolution by importing DPRK coal disguised as Siberian coal. These examples (among others) raise concerns over the efficacy of the sanctions if they are not strictly enforced and multilateral. China in particular has taken the moral high ground (with arguably ulterior motives) by voicing its concerns about potential adverse humanitarian consequences sanctions (among other things) may have. While the current sanctions on the DPRK are the harshest in decades, it has essentially faced sanctions varying in the degree of severity for years. The problem with the Kim Jong-un regime is that it seems to be largely unconcerned with the adverse effects that any sanctions have on individuals, and will ultimately scapegoat them in order to generate internal support among the people. Internal support is one particular lens through which these events can be examined.
The Road to Worker's Party Congress 2016
January 6 DPRK conducts fourth nuclear test (hydrogen bomb)
January 10 US flies B-52 Stratofortress bomber over Osan Air Base, South Korea
February 7 DPRK launches satellite aboard intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)
February 17 US sends four F-22s to Osan and USS North Carolina (nuclear-powered) to Korean peninsula
February 26 Naval base at Jeju, South Korea opens
March 2 UNSC implements Resolution 2270 – sanctions DPRK
US sanctions for key DPRK Worker's Party officials
March 3 DPRK fires six short-range (KN-01) missiles into the East Sea
March 4 SK/US establish Joint Working Group for Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)
March 7 Joint military exercises Key Resolve and Foal Eagle begin (US/SK)
March 8 South Korea implements addt'l sanctions on DPRK companies and individuals, freezes assets
DPRK unsuccessfully attempts to hack Seoul Metro and networks of financial institutions
DPRK successfully hacks smartphones of 40 South Korean security/military officials
March 9 DPRK publishes photos of ICBMs (KN-08) with miniaturized nuclear warheads
March 10 DPRK fires two short range Scud-missiles from West coast into East Sea
DPRK nullifies cross-border agreements, liquidates SK assets in Gaeseong Industrial Park
March 11 DPRK fires two mid-range Rodong-type missiles into East Sea – within Japanese airspace
US and South Korea send letters to UNSC sanctions panel to respond to DPRK violations
March 13 USS John C. Stennis (nuclear-powered) arrives in Busan, SK for Foal Eagle exercises
March 15 DPRK announces it has secured re-entry technology for ICBMs
March 16 DPRK tests submarine-launched ballistic missile (KN-11)
March 17 US President Barack Obama levies more sanctions on DPRK
DPRK sentences detained American student Otto Warmbier to 15 years hard labor
March 18 Key Resolve computer-simulated joint military exercise concludes
March 20 South Korea restores DPRKs crashed UAVs from 2014
Kim Jong-un observes large-scale military exercises using replicas of targeted sites in Seoul
March 21 China notifies regional government on procedure for implementing UN sanctions
DPRK announces it is ready to conduct a fifth nuclear test
DPRK fires five short-range (KN-01) missiles from multiple launch rocket system to East Sea
March 22 DPRK diplomat to Egypt faces deportation after being blacklisted
DPRK announces it has deployed new multiple launch rocket system (puts SK
military headquarters in Gyeryongdae and US military bases Pyongtaek & Osan within range)
March 24 UN Human Rights Council convenes, adopts resolution
Council creates legal team to explore widespread human rights abuses in DPRK
South Korea confirms that DPRK has developed solid-fuel rockets (meaning, more launches)
March 31 Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, DC
April 21 THAAD locations disclosed following South Korea parliamentary elections
April 30 Foal Eagle joint military exercise concludes
May 6 Worker's Party holds first Congress in the DPRK since 1980
The 7th Workers Party Congress – the first to be held in 36 years – began a few days ago. Ahead of this landmark event, it was been widely speculated that the Kim Jong-un regime has ratcheted up low-level provocations such as short-range ballistic missile testing and specific cyberattacks in an attempt to rally around the flag. For each event in the timeline (above) there is an action and a reaction. For example, the onset of the Key Resolve and Foal Eagle joint exercises between South Korean and United States military was countered by a strong reaction from the DPRK. To preface this, Key Resolve was a ten-day largely computer-based simulation of war games. Foal Eagle is a two month long venture consisting of coastal defense and land exercises which aims to integrate South Korean and American troops more seamlessly on a contingency basis. A day after these exercises began, on March 7th South Korea chose to levy additional sanctions on North Korean companies. North Korea responded in kind. By coordinating cyberattacks on the Seoul railway system, financial institutions, and national security officials, the DPRK attempted to counter the Key Resolve joint exercise by flexing its tech savvy muscles. In the following days it also launched several waves of short range and medium range missiles – one of which traveled over 800 meters – inside the Japan Air Defense Identification Zone. On March 10th the DPRK posted photos of its' KN-08 ICBM fitted with a miniaturized nuclear warhead. Following the publication of these photos, the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) quoted Kim Jong-un as saying that the "DPRK possesses true nuclear deterrence." This perhaps was an effort to downplay the significance of the arrival of nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and submarine John C. Stennis and USS North Carolina to participate in the Foal Eagle exercises. In this way, the DPRK tested a submarine launched ballistic missile (KN-11) just days after and also announced it had successfully developed missile re-entry technology for ICBMs, which was widely challenged among skeptics in the international community. Posturing or not, these few examples indicate that for every action seen as challenging the DPRK, it is willing to take the next step in this dangerous game of brinksmanship. The underlying problem for North Korea may not just be what is seen as invasive military exercises and multilateral sanctions, but rather the passive aggressive response to its provocations. It may be troubling for the DPRK that the capacity of its nuclear threat is widely debated, and that the overwhelming majority of the international community would like to quash the situation with as little fuss as possible. Ergo, the Kim Jong-un regime seems to have developed a dual mandate: counterpunching adversarial actions to forecast strength – which generates internal support – and counterpunching adversarial actions to emphasize equality.
Table 5
Is the DPRK nuclear threat credible?
- CIA senior analyst publicly states DPRK has miniaturized nuclear warheads for medium-range missiles
- European intelligence at NATO confirms DPRK Nodong-missiles are armed with nuclear warheads
- Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency testifies before Senate Armed Services Committee, stating that the DPRK has weaponized nuclear devices to retrofit ballistic missiles
- National security officials from Reagan & Clinton cabinet warn that DPRK is capable of an EMP attack against United States via satellite armed with nuclear warhead
- Commander of North American Aerospace Defense (NORAD) warns senior intelligence that DPRKs ICBM (KN-08) is able to reach US mainland with nuclear warhead
An article written by Peter Huessy details just how widely under the radar the DPRK nuclear threat actually is (referenced above). He asserts that even though testimony from top military officials has pointed to knowledge of a real threat for nearly a decade, the media and public sentiment has whitewashed the truth of the matter. Historically, public sentiment has been to write off the threat DPRK poses as illegitimate. This lackadaisical attitude towards nuclear proliferation is not only unsettling but also irresponsible; case in point, the dismissive tone of the South Korean publications from which this research is compiled is sufficiently worrisome. The DPRK nuclear threat should not be treated like a game of Russian Roulette – it needs to be given credence – which is precisely what it seems the Kim Jong-un regime is seeking. Perhaps not tomorrow, but eventually, all parties will sit down at the bargaining table. As opposed to being lorded, North Korea intends to meet as equals. The timing for resolving the issue, however, is important; it will determine the choices that players are forced to take. Three paths are available for global players at the moment – all of which strive for nuclear disarmament of North Korea. The benefits and consequences are specific albeit complex, but for this reason, the discussion will now shift towards strategies and the best way to approach each.
United Nations Security Council resolutions can be extremely effective for encouraging specific behavior. The problem is that individual states are often left to implement their provisions. For instance, if members are fully aware that they can be adversely affected by restricting trade with respect to sanctions, they may feel less compelled follow suit. With regard to Resolution 2270, one of the permanent members of the UNSC – China – happens to be the DPRKs largest trading partner. Therefore, a discussion about North Korea is just as much a discussion about China. It has put them in a quandary, so to speak, at a time when the global economy remains fearful of a Chinese "hard landing." In 2015, $1.32 billion – over half of North Korea's exports – in natural resources such as coal and iron was delivered to China. If China does its part by fully implementing trade restrictions, DPRKs GDP is estimated to contract by 4.3% alone. It has been, and always will be, North Korea's greatest ally. That figure pales in comparison to Chinese GDP, but it nevertheless has an impact on its own economic growth. US Defense Secretary Ashton Carter has done his part to pressure China into taking a stronger position on sanctioning North Korea's key exports. Amid the escalating tension, his comments (among other things) seem to have found their mark with some level of success, as the National People's Congress (NPC) – Chinese Parliament – approved its five-year plan, excluding economic cooperation projects with North Korea. Amid steep declines in industrial output growth, waning domestic demand, and a mountain of debt, many agencies have downgraded credit ratings for China-reliant firms. Suffice it to say that this year, Chinese growth is only expected to expand 6.5% after experiencing a decade of double-digit growth. North Korea is not the only player on the Korean peninsula that is significantly affected by a declining Chinese economy, either. Heavily reliant on Chinese consumers, South Korean exports to China declined by 12.9% in 2015. This number is more significant when one acknowledges that 25% of South Korea's exports ($527 billion) make their way to the Chinese market. For similar reasons to the DPRKs, the Korea Development Institute (KDI) even estimated that for every 1% percentage fall in China's growth rate, South Korea's growth rate will be dragged down by up to 0.6%. While the global economic forecast appears gloomy, there is light over the horizon. While managing expectations, South Korea's Minister of Trade has forecasted a significant uptick in exports amid stabilizing commodity prices and exchange rates, as China and Korea opened up the channel for trade talks and easing trade barriers. China is the most clearly affected (economically) out of the members on the UNSC so it naturally has an incentive to take a more accommodative stance towards North Korea. For this reason, South Korea may be required to cede some of its gains from trade to China in order to persuade them to take a stronger approach to implementing sanctions. This push and pull of economic cooperation is naturally good for policy coordination. By making this tradeoff, Beijing may decide to slow or cut off the channel for crude oil delivery to DPRKs military, which is ultimately good for South Korea's national defense by putting them in a position of relative advantage…
to be continued
In the meantime, www.38north.org comes highly recommended to satiate your interest in any issues pertaining to North Korea.


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After reading this article, you may have
a new appreciation for your cat.
The following is my interivew with Elizabeth von Muggenthaler, a research scientist and bio-acoustic specialist who has gone where no man (or woman) has gone before � into the mysterious realm of the healing power of a cat's purr, the haunting whale-song of the Sumatran Rhino, and about the sounds that we feel but never hear.
She is also president of Fauna Communication Research Institute, where amazing breakthroughs are being made that may forever change the way we listen to the animals.
Elizabeth was truly delightful to speak with. Her love and devotion to animals came through quite clearly during our interview. In fact, she was walking one of her beloved horses throughout most of our conversation and spoke to me from her cell phone.
and Sounds that Heal
Paula Peterson
Earthcode International Network
One of the most remarkable things I experienced when first contacting Elizabeth were some of the sounds that play on her research web site. In particular, I was fascinated with the sounds of the Sumatran Rhinoceros. I had no idea that a Rhinoceros could sound so similar to the sounds of a humpback whale. It was eerie and intriguing at the same time.
When I asked her about these sounds, there was a noticeable sadness in her voice. According to Elizabeth, the Sumatran Rhinoceros is the oldest living specie of rhino. They're also called the Wooly Rhinoceros, and there are only about 200 of them left in the world. Poaching and habitat encroachment have devastated them. They stand about four feet tall � no higher than your shoulder � so they're small and furry, and they sing like whales. These Rhinos are near and dear to Elizabeth. It's easy to tell that she loves them.
A unique parallel between rhinos and whales
When she went on to study the analysis of the sound recordings of these rhinos, she realized that she had seen this type of signal before. Help came from Jim Darling, who is one of the foremost authorities on humpback whales and has done a lot of research on their song. He sent her a tape of the sounds of the humpback whale, and indeed, there were amazing similarities. Under analysis �allowing for the fact that one animal is underwater � the signals of the sounds are very close.
Elizabeth actually calls their continuous sounds "whale song," and within those sounds are little "eeps" and other noises, like whistle blows. But the majority of sounds are really very much like whale songs.
She spoke with various paleontologists about it. Some said they didn't know, stating that the whale and the rhinoceros are not considered to be related. However, she did find other paleontologists who held the theory that rhinos and whales are related, and that her research analysis on their song adds support to their theories.
Besides, there is something called an ancestral song. It's never been formulated into a scientific fact, but among certain mammals the elements of a basic song are found. Some of it or all of it sounds very much like whale song. The sounds of the Sumatran rhino may be linked to this ancestral song.
In the wild, these rhinos are supposedly solitary and rarely seen together. It's really curious that such a solitary creature has developed such an extensive repertoire. They like to lie in their mud wallows and sing. Elizabeth believes that it is some sort of meditation-like state. When she watches them, they will stand there singing in their little mud wallow and being really peaceful.
She can't help but feel that while they're doing this they are somehow singing with the forest and connecting with the Earth. She gets emotional about them and their beauty, reminding me that there are only around 200 left in the world, and not much is being done about that.
It's heart-breaking that these wonderful creatures may eventually be lost to us. I noticed my reaction to hearing the rhino's song on her website. I had never heard such a thing �especially when I heard the loud popping noise, which sounds like a whale forcing air through its blowhole. Elizabeth says that this is the whistle blow the rhinos make, its very low frequency and it carries for miles.
These rhinos are found only on the Island of Sumatra. There are only eight in captivity. Three or four are in the United States now. They do not do well in captivity.
protected; however, poaching laws are not being enforced because there is no money to fund that. And since he average person has never even heard that they exist �much less heard them sing �there is no public awareness of what's happening to them.
Sounds we feel but cannot hear
In analyzing the sounds of animals, very specific equipment is used. At Fauna Communications Research Institute, they have developed a unique system that records signal analysis called "Polynesia." It's a "virtual instrument program" that can measure anything. It's an amazing system.
Fauna Research also studies sounds that are below the normal range of human hearing � called infrasound. This is so interesting, and most people don't know about infrasound. An example of infrasound can be seen when you're in your car stopped at a traffic light, and you look over and see that the car next to you is shaking because the music is so loud. It's the infrasound that's making the car shake. However, it's below our normal range of hearing.
The range of human hearing is technically, between 20 and 20,000 hertz. Infrasound is below 20 hertz. It's been documented that one 19-year-old girl could hear at 19 hertz, but the average person � who has been exposed to car noises, loud noises, and maybe a rock concert or two � is probably hard pressed to hear below 30 or 40 hertz.
Another example of how infrasound affects people is in car sickness. The reason some one gets car sick is not always from the motion of the car. Car sickness is sometimes caused by the car's vibration � which is around 4 hertz.
In fact, cars are interesting; you get all kinds of low-frequency vibrations from them � 4 hertz, 7 hertz � that kind of thing. Frequencies of 7 hertz can cause osteoporosis.
Low frequencies like 18 hertz can cause dizziness, blackouts, and feelings of terror. There is a theory that some ghost-hauntings are actually caused by low-frequency vibrations of around 18 hertz in a building. That's a fairly common frequency in structures.
Tigers roar at around 18 hertz. It doesn't matter that you can't see the tiger; just hearing the sound is pretty terrifying. I had read an article that the roar of a tiger may actually paralyze its victim. Elizabeth says that this hasn't been proven. Nevertheless, when she and her researchers recorded the exact frequency of the tiger's range they found that its highest frequency is right around 18 hertz. So theoretically the tiger's roar could cause temporary paralysis, weakening of the muscles, feelings of terror, coldness, blackouts, and headaches � that kind of thing.
Infrasound can penetrate solid objects like walls and even go through mountains.
How does it do that? To begin with, ultrasound is a short wave. Take a pen and draw waves up and down, up and down, and make them close together. That's a simplified illustration of an ultrasound wave. This shape and wavelength causes the sounds to bounce off objects. That's why this sound frequency is used for sonar, and why bats and dolphins use it for eco-location.
Low frequency or infrasound is a very long wave. Take your pen and draw a nearly straight line. That's how an infrasound signal looks. This is why infrasound can travel through buildings, mountains, etc., because the wave of infrasound is a long wave that actually goes between particles and molecules of an object rather than bouncing off them.
An interesting thing happens when the space shuttle takes off: it creates infrasound that travels the earth about seven times before it dissipates. In fact, if you go about 30 miles south of Coco Beach there's a little place called Satellite Beach where there is a hotel built mostly of glass. If you are in one of those rooms when the space shuttle is taking off, you will see the panes of glass bow inward about two-and-a-half inches!
Lots of things create infrasound: wind, building movement, trains going by, planes flying overhead, and vehicles on the interstate.
Why isn't there more study in this area?
People have the tendency to believe that if you can't hear it and see it then no one else can, either. There is a lot of skepticism to this day in the bio-acoustic field. But scientists are becoming a little more open-minded than they used to be.
I was curious to know if humans were capable of creating infrasound. Elizabeth said that she didn't know. However, in some of her studies � and this is something she would like to pursue further � that people who practice certain forms of yoga or martial arts use sound to strengthen their muscles. Our chest cavities are perfectly capable of humming at around 25 hertz; they could vibrate at that frequency. Our voice isn't going to make infrasound, but our chest, diaphragm, and lungs might.
If her research could prove that humans can create that frequency, yoga practitioners who use the Om sound might be able to claim scientifically that they were doing healing.
Now here�s the exciting part: the Cat's Purr
Elizabeth's research into the cat's purr has brought her a great deal of support from many sources, including veterinarians. She has also received support from a professor emeritus in England who is known as the "Grandfather of Bones." He is the foremost authority on bone density. She declined giving his name since she didn�t have his permission.
Interestingly, he writes that optimal frequency for bone stimulation is 50 hertz. The dominant and fundamental frequency for three species of cats' purrs is exactly 25 to 50 hertz �the best frequencies for bone growth and fracture healing.
The cat's purr falls well within the 20 � 50 hertz anabolic range, and extends up to 140 hertz. All members of the cat family except cheetahs have a dominant or strong harmonic at 50 hertz. The harmonics of three cat species fall exactly on or within 2 points of 120 hertz, a frequency which has been found to repair tendons.
Cat�s are not always happy when purring
A few veterinarians have said that the purr is only a vocalization of contentment, and most people believe that. But Elizabeth's research analysis shows it's not true. Cats will purr when they are injured and in pain as well as when they are content.
In one case, a cat had broken its femur and the femur was sticking out and that�s got to be painful. And yet, it was purring. So it can be assumed that purring is not always a sign of contentment.
Some people claim that cats purr when they're injured because they're humming to make themselves feel better. That makes absolutely no sense. If you've ever broken your leg or an arm and you find yourself in the emergency room, are you whistling "Dixie" to make yourself feel better?
Purring takes a lot of energy. It's created by both the diaphragm and the larynx. Getting a diaphragm to move for something other than breathing is difficult, it takes energy. When there is pain and suffering, our bodies are traumatized and they shut down
activity. Since cats purr when they are severely injured or dying, it must be survival-related.
�Put a cat in a room with a bunch of broken bones - the bones will heal.�
According to Elizabeth, that statement is an old veterinarian's adage and it's still taught in veterinary schools to this day. It�s the first thing she came across when she started out with this research. But no one has done any studies on it.
The type of frequencies that are found in the cat's purr are good for healing muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries, as well as for muscle strengthening and toning. They are good for any type of joint injury, wound healing, reduction of infection and swelling, pain relief, and relief of chronic pulmonary disease.
Authors of the veterinarians' surgery manual say that what it basically comes down to is that, compared to other animals, cats simply don't get chronic pulmonary disease, muscle and tendon injuries, bone diseases, and a lot of other things that dogs get. The purr seems to be a constant strengthener and toner for the muscles.
The average health of cats is considered to be greater than that of dogs. An actual case study was done where they took 52,000 animals and found that lameness in dogs occurred 3.6 percent and in cats only .26 percent. In another study, arthritis in dogs was listed as 2.4 percent of the population, and was not reported at all in cats. The prevalence of lameness in dogs occurred 3.1 percent of the time, and again, in cats it was not even mentioned. The overall incidence of primary lung tumors in the dog is 1.24 percent, and in the cat, .38 percent. This basically says that cats are in fact healthier than dogs are.
People like to say, "Oh, that's just coincidence," but it can't be. The odds of its being coincidence are like three billion to one.
Any veterinary orthopedic surgeon will tell you how relatively easy it is to mend broken cat bones compared with dog bones. Dog bones take much more effort to fix and longer to heal.
There is excellent documentation of cats' quick recovery from such things as high-rise syndrome, which was first mentioned by Dr. Gordon Robinson and later studied and reported in the
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
. They documented 132 cases of cats plummeting an average of 5.5 stories from high-rise apartments �some of them suffering severe injuries. But interestingly, 90 percent of these cats survived. Most cats that fell from seven stories or more managed to live. The record for survival from heights is 45 stories!
Is there a difference between a cat's purr of contentment and the purr of a cat that's been injured? Apparently, there is no difference. It's machine-like. The purr is nearly the same across species: The ocelot, chervil, and domestic cat all create an identical sound.
Elizabeth showed this data to an architectural engineer who measures building vibration. When he viewed the graphs he asked her if she were into mechanics, since the signal appeared to be so regular. He was greatly surprised when she told him that he was looking at the analysis of a cat's purr. It's totally unlike any other animal's vocalization.
An idea is born
Elizabeth stumbled upon these ideas by accident (which is true of most inventions and discoveries!). She had been working with tigers at a facility where there were also many other wild cats. It seemed odd to her, while passing by a chervil one day, that it was purring.
Later on, she read in National Geographic about this researcher who had put chickens on a vibrating plank for twenty minutes a day and their bones grew. She thought that was weird. So she called him and asked what the anabolic frequencies for bones were. He said that they were anywhere between 20 and 90 hertz, but that there is evidence suggesting that between 25 hertz and 50 hertz are the best frequencies.
The next day, she got up, went into the living room, grabbed her big tomcat, Spot, began petting him, and turned on the microphone. Then she ran the recording through the computer. And guess what? Oh, my God.
After that, she started doing a search in the literature, and found that 25 hertz is the fundamental frequency. In other words, it's the first, or primal, frequency. After the first frequency, there is something called harmonics. Harmonics are always a multiple of the fundamental �meaning that if the fundamental is 25 hertz, the first harmonic is 50, then the second harmonic is 75, the third harmonic is 100, and so forth.
She started recording the wild cats. Then she grabbed every domestic cat from her friends and other people: "Excuse me. Can I record your cat?"
Then she took accelerometers� used to measure vibrations � to find out where on the body the sound is the strongest and weakest. The research revealed that the vibrational signal is at its weakest at the extremities. Interestingly, it's rare for cats to get bone cancer, but when they do, it's almost always in the distal end of the extremities � the paw � and that's also where the vibrational signal is the weakest.
What are the odds that in six out of seven species of cat, their purrs are identical in frequency and amplitude? All of these cats come from a geological evolution that is different � South America, Africa, Asia. Yet the sounds they make match exactly �in both amplitude and frequency �to the frequencies that have been found to be healing. And not just for the healing of bones.
I've had healing experiences with my own cats. I had one cat that slept with me every night, and it always felt so good and peaceful to have her next to me. And of course, she purred loud and long until we both fell asleep. So, I wonder �is it helpful for people to hold their purring cat close to their bodies?
Elizabeth says that from a scientific standpoint she would have to say she doesn't know since there is no evidence. She goes on to say that for something to be scientifically therapeutic, it has to be exactly the right strength, loudness, and amplitude. However, she did say that as a �healer,� she says �yes, it absolutely� can be helpful to sleep with you cat.
Those of you who have cats may have noticed that when you're not feeling well, your cat will often come up to the part of your body that's aching and start to knead you with their paws, purr, and get that meditative look in their eyes. They could be trying to help.
How can we make a difference?
�People tend to equate language with intelligence,� says Elizabeth, and feels that people would be more willing to give of themselves to our amazing animal friends, both wild and domestic, if they considered them intelligent.
We have a lot to learn from animals. Most of our modern medicines come from plants or animals. Killing them off is killing us. The average person does not realize that every time an animal becomes extinct we lose another opportunity �not only to learn more about our world but also to gain something possibly therapeutic from this animal. It's unfortunate that many people are so consumed with purchasing expensive possessions that they don't stop to appreciate what we already have that has been given to us.
As an avid animal lover, I know full well that animals are intelligent beings even if they don't speak a human language � although, my own cats have tried to talk like a human. Elizabeth has a recording of a cat in a veterinarian's office who kept saying its owner's name.
Animals have so much more than we have. As humans, we are limited by what we're able to see, hear, and smell. Our senses are nowhere near as keen as those of a dog or a cat. You may have seen your own cat at times looking at something you cannot even sense, much less see. Most humans presume that their cats are just staring into space, but they are tracking something.
We as humans can't even begin to understand what a dog smells. Their noses are many times more efficient than ours.
A scallop has a hundred eyes, so it really does see us as we're ripping it from its home. Birds see in the ultraviolet spectrum. We can't see that: we're so limited. It would be nice to spend a day inhabiting the body of several different creatures, just to experience what they're able to see, feel and hear that we can't.
Well.......I could have listened to Elizabeth go on and on - her work is that interesting - and she was quite pleasant and easy to talk with.
by Paula Peterson
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text:
'In April
2010, when I was a volunteer in the St John Ambulance Bath Unit in
Avon, I visited Nha Trang in Vietnam to attend my brother's
wedding. A few of us went to a secluded beach but in the afternoon
someone spotted a man drowning. I noticed that he
was unresponsive and unconscious so helped get him up onto
the beach and started administering first aid.
My sister-in-law came over to work as a translator. He wasn't
breathing, so I began with five rescue breaths and then
started chest compressions. He began to cough and I rolled
him into the recovery position so he could cough up the water. I
made sure his airway was open, kept an eye on his pulse and
respiratory rate, and checked his pupils.
A taxi man offered to take us to the hospital as the ambulances
were scarce. Once the man was transported, his friend gave
me a handshake and a hug. It was really good to see this
man finally on oxygen and being looked after.'


text:
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Essay paper writing
Academic writing
15th Nov 2017
Anyone who ever wrote any academic paper knows that writing a strong introduction is the key to success in further work. A hook in any writing is a snippet of information before the text itself that makes a reader either foretaste the further reading or feel doomed to boredom for the next minutes or even hours. A good hook immediately creates a bond between an author and the audience. But how to write a good hook sentence? Unfortunately, there is no single pattern and no magic formula to seize the reader's attention. However, there are some tips on how to get better at it.
What is a hook in an essay?
Good hooks to start an essay are usually the first 3-7 sentences of the paper. A hook can be compared to an appetizer, which would make the reader hungry for more and devour the rest of the text with great pleasure. Since the main audience of the essays is college professors and highly educated people, writing interesting hooks for essays can be way harder than for many other types of texts. Moreover, college teachers are probably reading dozens of essays, if not hundreds, on a regular basis, and thus, in order to impress the readers, yours should be really extraordinary.
How to write a hook for an essay?
There are different types of hooks for essays, and it is important to distinguish, where each of them would be appropriate. Quotes, anecdotes, curious facts, striking statistics, rhetorical questions are among a great variety of helpful tools to use as hooks and prepare your audience to catch every next word. Yet, regardless of which method you will choose to start your writing, it is essential for your hook to be relevant to your overall topic.
How to start a hook in an essay?
Writing a striking introduction can be quite challenging and stressful, especially since the main work is still ahead. A good idea would be to spend some time to plan the essay carefully. Think of its type, structure, tone and style, and, of course, intended audience. Decide what is the purpose of your writing: is it meant to entertain, give details, report a research, propose a solution to a problem or tell a life story? Another substantial question that you need to ask yourself is how do you want to make your audience feel? Maybe your goal is to motivate your readers for immediate action, inspire an onward research, or just emphasize with the main characters? And one more important question to ask before you start writing is what would you want your audience to take away from what they will read: a better grasp of a certain subject, a fascination with new knowledge, or strong intentions to change something in their lives?
How to write a good hook for an essay?
In order to write effective hooks for essays, one should have some insights on human psychology and perception. As you probably know, first impressions are the ones to last the longest, at times you only have about five seconds before a person decides if he or she likes you or not. Such principle applies not only to interpersonal interactions, but to the written word as well. If you bore your readers with a long and monotonous foreword, you may lose their attention for the rest of the text, even if it is far more interesting than the introduction.
People generally like hearing something they are likely to agree with. If the opening statement claims something that the audience can relate to, there are high chances that the readers will find the author smart, and will feel favorable towards the whole piece of writing. This fact can be used for writing strong hooks for essays: once you say something that most of the audience can agree on, you will have its attention. However, this hack should not be misused, so saying something way too obvious for an opening statement can cause an opposite effect.
Education is equally beneficial for individuals and society, thus knowledge should be accessible for everyone who is interested and willing to study.
Fastened seatbelts save millions of lives every year, thereby strict laws, associated with car safety are justified and necessary.
To be effective, the penitentiary system should focus more on rehabilitation, not punishment.
Another effective advice on how to write great hooks for essays is appealing to the audience's need to argue. If you ever found yourself yelling at a TV, you know the feeling. Starting your essay with a controversial statement won't make people immediately yell and argue with you, yet will certainly get them involved into listening closely to what you have to say next. Keep in mind that your hook should sound thought-provoking, but not offensive.
Modern technologies are becoming more and more sophisticated. Humanity will soon engineer an artificial intelligence so complex, that it would excel human intellect in every possible criterion.
Child obesity is an indicator of wealth and care, not poverty, and thus should not be frowned upon.
Drugs can have a positive effect on human's health and creativity, therefore people should have free access to them. Purchasing and using drugs should be limited by user's discretion.
One more way of writing amazing hooks for essays is playing with human need to solve puzzles and the itch of not knowing the answer. When the audience senses a mystery, two things happen: first, people become more alert, trying to find the answer to it, and second, they become extremely attentive towards the further text, hoping to hear the right reply. Bear in mind though, that although the puzzle you're using should not make sense immediately, it also should not be too hard, and fit to the context of the essay. Mysteries can be used as a part of different hooks for essays. For example, you can try starting with a paradox, a statement that seems absurd or contradictory, but is actually true, or at least makes sense. It is also effective to start an essay with a metaphor, or unusual comparison for the given topic. And, of course, you can start with posing a riddle. As long as the audience is waiting for the correct answer, it will catch every word of your essay.
I am the black child of a white father, a wingless bird, flying even to the clouds of heaven. I give birth to tears of mourning in pupils that meet me, even though there is no cause for grief, and at once at my birth I am dissolved into the air. What am I? Smoke.
What word in English language consists of five letters, but is spelled as the first one? Queue.
Can you list five American presidents whose surnames contain only four letters?
When listing the ways to hook a reader in an essay, it is essential to mention one more psychological whim: people like the familiar. If you ever clicked through the channels of your TV trying to find something interesting to watch, and then stopped in favor of a well-known movie, you must know that a feeling of recognition can often be mistaken for gladness and satisfaction. This feature is often used in marketing technologies, but in terms of writing, it will work just as fine. All you have to do is describe a situation that a reader can relate to, and provide some details to make it more plausible.
Seems like everything was against me that day: soon after I left home, it started raining cats and dogs and with a blink of an eye I was wet to the bone. I was making my way through the puddles, as I saw my bus leave the stop. There was no way I could make it to school in time.
I was halfway done doing the chores when I found my old yearbook, and immediately I was overwhelmed with bittersweet feeling of nostalgia.
My headache was killing me; every new thought, every other blink of the eyes was like a hack of a hammer, so I closed my eyes, and let the sleep take over me. The dream that I saw then was somehow prophetic.
If you want to write creative hooks for essays, you should think of how much people love stories. For example, the best and the most successful TV commercials are the ones that have some vivid stories in them. Naturally, it is near to impossible to write a thrilling story in a few sentences, however, there are some methods that you can use: start with a bright description of a scene or situation, depict an action, or write a short dialogue.
They were riding the same suburban train every day for almost a year now. Total strangers they were, but after all this time it felt like it's about time to start a conversation.
There is nothing more fascinating than old books. They smell like wisdom, and they tell stories to those, who are eager to listen. Those stories go far beyond from what their authors had initially intended to say. Old books tell stories of people who wrote them, but also of people who had read them.
Catchy hooks for essays are similar to earworms: they stick and seize the reader's attention; they are likely to be remembered long after the essay is read. There are different types of hooks, and it is necessary to use them appropriately.
Have you ever had a feeling that you had already lived through a moment, or even a day, like this before?
What is the meaning of happiness?
What would you do, if you were sure you would get away with it?
You can also ask a rhetorical question, something that implies a positive answer, in order to make your audience agree with you.
"Some people die at 25 and aren't buried until 75" Benjamin Franklin
"The only thing worse than being blind, is having sight, but no vision" Hellen Keller
"Feeling gratitude and not expressing it is like wrapping a present and not giving it" William Arthur Ward
"It is much better to do good in a way that no one knows about it", Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy
"You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget", The Road by Cormac McCarthy
"It is a great misfortune to be alone, my friends; and it must be believed that solitude can quickly destroy reason", The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne
My new business on eBay is a great success. Just sold my homing pigeons for the 17th time in a row!
Chocolate comes from cocoa, which comes from a tree, which is a plant. Therefore, chocolate is a type of salad.
If teachers really want you to follow your dreams, why do you get yelled at for falling asleep in class?
I glanced through the window, and I could not believe my eyes.
It was a sunny winter day, as the snow started falling with huge and puffy snowflakes. Suddenly, the doorbell rang.
We were sitting in the summer meadow, smiling, ambitious, young. If only we had known, that it was our last summer together.
It is estimated that you say 300 to 1000 words to yourself per minute.
There is an Indian village named "Piplantri", which celebrates the birth of every girl child by planting 111 trees.
Risk-taking is contagious. Studies show that you are more likely to take a risk on something if you see someone else do it first, even if you don't know the outcome of their choice.
57% of consumers say that they would be somewhat or very influenced to think more highly of a business after seeing positive comments or praise online, and 16% say the only share positive reviews on social media.
20% of Millennials would prefer not to interact with cashiers at all in retail environments.
85% of people rely on Twitter and Facebook for their morning news.
There is no such thing as an "Alpha" in a wolf pack. Wolf packs operate like human families: there is no sense of rank, parents are in charge, and none are overthrowing elders.
Immigrant names were not Americanized (voluntarily or mistakenly), upon arrival on Ellis Island. There was no law that required recording immigrant names at that time.
Despite the numerous studies, there is little evidence that cameras directly reduce crime rates. Instead, they are often used to detect and prosecute crime after the fact.
It is widely known that human ability to perceive information gradually declines with time. Thus, no matter how dazzling your introduction is, you will have to make effort toheat up the audience's attention throughout the text. Some authors advise using hook sentences to start every paragraph of your writing. This may sound challenging an even absurd at first, but it is actually an effective strategy to keep your readers interested and focused on your topic. Moreover, it is a great gimmick to make sure that you don't switch topics unintentionally, and your writing follows the main idea without any contradiction.
David Ogilvy, a worldwide-known expert in public relations, once composed a list of the most effective words for advertisement. But what does advertisement have to do with presenting your essay to the public? In fact, the process is quite similar, as you are promoting yourself as an author, and advertising your ideas as a product of your intellectual labor. However, hook words for essays are different from those used in public relations. These words and phrases are often called transitional, as they help authors and readers slide smoother from one point to another, making the piece of writing seem more cohesive and logical. These words help summarizing data, comparing and viewing similarities and contrasts, illustrating and exemplifying the main points.
Argumentative essays require a thorough and consistent research of a given topic, strong support and a distinct position regarding the subject. This type of writing involves a prior investigation of different resources in order to shape an argument, and then it is important to choose a position to support. It is essential to substantiate your claims with facts without getting emotional. A strong argumentative essay should have a balanced assessment, persuasive language and logical structure.
The first paragraph of an argumentative essay should provide some insight into the chosen topic and the reasons why the audience should be concerned about it. Good hooks for an argumentative essay are the ones that actually make the readers care and eager to explore more of the suggested topic. Edgy rhetorical questions, quirky puzzles, powerful quotes of known specialists in the field of study are all among the effective argumentative essay hook examples. It is crucial to state a thesis in this section of writing, as without it, the essay won't be clear and sound. The body paragraphs should evolve the topic, and at the same time support the thesis one way or another. However, some topics require explaining different points of view, and omitting points that are contrary to the thesis is an erroneous strategy. In order to write a well-rounded essay, one should mention and discuss multiple positions on a given topic. Good hook sentences for argumentative essays can also be used as transitions between different opinions, and make the writing more coherent.
For example, if the essay topic is "Should scientists use animals for research?", the hook might look like this:
More than 100 million different animals are being used for laboratorial research, medical training, in-class demonstrations and various experiments in USA only each year. Some of these animals are forced to suffer from various injuries, consume and inhale potentially dangerous matters; all of them are held in unnatural conditions, deprived of social interactions, isolated and sometimes immobilized in tiny cages before being murdered. Some people may claim that it is an inevitable sacrifice for the sake of progress. But where is the line between animals being beloved pets and animals being experimental material?
A general approach to writing argumentative essays typically implies a five-paragraph structure. Nevertheless, some topics and assignments require a deeper research, and therefore, lead to much longer writing. The amount of necessary work can be intimidating at times, which is pushing some students to buy argumentative essays and skip all the fundamental analysis, data gathering and evaluating the arguments.
Expository and argumentative essays are quite similar and can often be confused with each other. The main differences are in the size of the essays and the amount of investigation and data collecting that foregoes the writing itself. Unlike argumentative essays, that are usually assigned as milestone or final course projects, expository essays are common tasks at numerous exams. The structure of an expository essay consists of an introduction, body paragraphs and a conclusion.
The aim of expository essays is to "expose" the author's vision of a given topic and provide evidence to support it. Thus, the main thesis should be introduced at the very beginning of the writing. Hooks for expository writing are generally the same as for argumentative essays, yet if you are writing an expository essay in class, it can be difficult to recall a quote or a relevant fact, and thus you have to be creative. Rhetorical questions, anecdotes, catchy phrases are good hooks for expository essays.
Examples of hooks for expository essays:
Topic: "Single-sex education is gaining more popularity in western culture. Is it beneficial for students – either boys or girls – to learn in a single-sex environment?"
The first thing that comes to mind when thinking about the reasons of separate education for boys and girls is avoiding distraction when students reach a certain age and their hormones start to bluster. However, recent studies have shown that there are far more natural differences in learning and perception of males and females, than it was previously thought.
Each body paragraph should support and develop the main thesis, provide a thorough description of every new idea, consider multiple points of view. It can be quite challenging to create a balanced inquiry on a given topic, especially within a limited time, so it is handy to use expository hooks at the beginning of every paragraph and transitional words to switch from one idea to another without infringing upon the overall logic of the essay. It is important to check that the provided substantiation is not biased, the examples and the evidence are relevant, and the narrative is coherent. One of the difficulties of writing an expository essay hook can be related to a changing flow of the author's thought. In other words, it can be hard to estimate the complexity of the further argumentation, and the hook that seemed appropriate at first, can lose its pertinence after the essay is ready. For this reason, some authors prefer writing hook sentences for essays after the essay itself.
The main purpose of writing a persuasive essay is to persuade the audience that the author's point of view is the most valid and plausible, while acknowledging and introducing other opinions. This type of writing requires a deep immersion into the subject and a vast investigation of numerous resources. One of the key elements of a successful essay is a debatable thesis. An ambiguous thesis of a persuasive essay hooks the reader or the listener into an internal debate with the author, and assures an onward attention. It is thereby essential to distinguish a thesis from a fact, as debating about a fact will inevitably lead the narrative to a dead end.
A thorough and effective introduction consists of an attention-grabber, a thesis, and a preview. Good hooks for persuasive essays are designed to warm up the audience's interest, to put a fresh idea into their minds and boost the critical thinking before introducing them to a controversial thesis. In this part of writing it is vital to avoid clichés and any obvious phrases or questions.
Persuasive essay hook examples can look like these:
Topic: "With the growing use of the internet, public libraries are no longer fulfilling the role of the main informational resource. Thus, government should cut funding public libraries, and focus on more critical spheres and issues".
Cutting governmental financial aid can have drastic and tragic effects. Some spheres might experience an immediate impact, while others require new generations to reveal the consequences of the budget cuts. Public libraries have been a symbol of enlightenment, conscious and aspiring citizens for decades. Naturally, closing public libraries can be seen as a disturbing and intimidating signal, as a threat to literacy and critical, mindful society in general.
The body paragraphs, regardless of their number and size, should somehow relate to the main idea of the text. Good hook sentences for persuasive essays used as openings for each new paragraph will hammer home the point that the author is trying to state. This type of essays calls for explaining and commenting every piece of evidence, as there is a potential risk that it will be interpreted by the audience some other way. In order to convince the readers to become devotees of the writer's point of view, one should be aware of the opposing viewpoints, and disprove them in a consistent manner, identify mistakes, inconsistencies and flaws in their logic. At the same time, the author's logic should be supported by information and examples from various trustworthy resources. An effective way of revising a persuasive essay is reading through the paragraphs and determining whether each of them is tied to the thesis, and if this is not the case, the paragraph should be excluded from the text.
Regardless of what type of essay you are writing and what type of hook you are willing to use, there are a few more guidelines to follow:
Sometimes it can be quite hard to come up with hook ideas for essays: it requires some practice and a lot of diligence. You can surrender to the temptation of delegating the whole work to an essay writing service, or research the given topic a little bit more in chase of inspiration. Try writing an outline for the whole essay and determine the weak spots that require further investigation and research. Such brainstorming may lead you to a new insight of a topic and grant a fresh vision of what your essay should look like. A better understanding of the topic will allow you to write distinctive, captivating hooks that will catch and keep the audience's attention from the start to the end.
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What are The Side Effects of Green Tea During Pregnancy?
According to some reports, drinking a bit much green tea when pregnant is not good. Why is that?
It is very crucial to supervise the health of pregnant women to guarantee the health of both the mother and the baby. A few expectant mothers are quite apprehensive due to the various changes that happens in their body. Doctors frequently recommmend a diet regimen for pregnant mothers and if you're one of those pregnant women out there, you must be extra careful with your food consumption to avert any problems or complications.
According to some reports, drinking a bit much green tea when pregnant is not good. Why is that? Doctors and researchers were able to demonstrate that green tea carries caffeine. Caffeine consumption is discouraged during pregnancy because of particular side effects.
In spite of the numerous health benefits of green tea which involves cancer prevention, improving the heart's health, promoting the immune system, dental health, aids digestion, lowers cholesterol, lowers the level of blood sugar, and a lot more, it is not advisable to drink green tea when you are pregnant.
The EGCG or epigallocatechins whichis present in green tea, impacts the use of folate inside the body. Folate is really important during pregnancy since it can assist in preventing birth defects in the neural tube. EGCG gets harmful in pregnancy since it resembles the structure of methotrexate. The latter can eliminate cancer cells by bonding an enzyme called DHFR or dihydrofolate reductase.
The folate nerve tract carries these enzymes and since the EGCG is like methotrexate, it also adheres with the enzyme and when this happens, the enzyme is deactivated. Once the enzymes are deactivated, the body can not utilize folate effectively. There has not been any absolute studies which show how much green tea a pregnant woman must consume or how much folate can be impacted.
Likewise, there are already reports which shows caffeine to cause miscarriage and lower birth weight amongst babies. Drinking around six cups of coffee per day can unquestionably affect your baby's weight at birth. If you do not want your baby to suffer, you may have a cup of coffee a day or better yet, you can just stop drinking coffee altogether. The caffeine in green tea is much lower than that of coffee but as said earlier, ask your doctor about it first.
Pregnancy would only take 9 months so you need to enjoy it. Even when you undergo a lot of body changes, just imagine that you'll rejoice the day your precious baby comes. If you are able to avoid drinking caffeined drinks, then try to keep one's distance from them.
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The 2013 World's Ugliest Dog was crowned in the official contest in Petaluma, California on Friday in a surprise announcement that left many people asking the question: "Is this cute mixed-breed 4-year-old really the World's Ugliest Dog?" Now we have the video evidence needed to honestly answer the question.
As I reported yesterday, winner Walle is a Heinz 57 mongrel or mutt — whichever term you prefer — that includes a mix of beagle, boxer, and bassett. In a contest that has been dominated over the years by Chinese crested breeds or mixes, the 2013 World's Ugliest Dog definitely stood out from the crowd.
There were some shockingly ugly dogs among the 30 contestants in this year's anti-beauty pageant. But the humpbacked duck-waddling Walle stole the crown.
Before you rush to judgment and add to the internet outcry of, "But that dog isn't really all that ugly," be aware that the judges explained: "This is a dog you have to see move to appreciate his ugly dog status."
Now the first videos of the 2013 World's Ugliest Dog Walle are slipping out. What do you think?
It was a tough contest this year. Walle was actually competing against former World's Ugliest Dog title holders, as well as truly heinous dogs that are remarkably ugly thanks to tiny beady evil eyes, unfortunate rogue whiskers, or because they never put their tongues in.
Some dogs even boasted that they had ugly personalities to match their ugly features. A snaggle-toothed specimen named Gromit, for instance, was described as having a grumpy old man personality.
Lovable Walle can't compete with that. Maybe the contest needs to add a Miss Anti-Congeniality award.
Here's another brief video so that you can watch 2013's World's Ugliest Dog Walle in motion again:
So what do you think? Would Walle have been your pick for the 2013 World's Ugliest Dog?
[World's Ugliest Dog 2013 photo via World's Ugliest Dog® Facebook page]


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How To Reduce And Cope With Chronic Pain
Living with chronic pain can be one of the most difficult things in life. Constant aching because of sore joints, migraine headaches, and many other causes of pain is really not a productive way to spend your life. Fortunately, there are ways to help manage and cope with the pain so that your life can be better.
By complying with many of the tips below, you may be able to reduce the amount of pain that you are feeling and may be able to get rid of your chronic pain altogether.
Tips for Reducing Chronic Pain
1. Reduce Stress. Stress can cause back pain, headaches and many other types of pain. If you can reduce stress, you will be able to greatly reduce these types of chronic pain. By exercising, listening to music, laughing and doing many other activities, you will be able to reduce your stress. You may also want to consider writing a stress journal. This will help you to identify the causes of your stress and help you remove them or adapt to them.
2. Cut Out The Bad. There are many things that can harm you and contribute to your pain. Smoking, alcohol and a bad diet will all contribute to your chronic pain. By cutting out bad foods, reducing smoke and alcohol intake, your body will begin to naturally heal itself. You will also want to get into good sleeping habits. By sleeping enough hours throughout the night and having a comfortable bed that supports your body, you will reduce the chronic pain.
3. Seek Out The Good. You will also want to find good things that help with your pain. A massage for example can go a long way to relieve pain in your back, legs, neck and shoulders. You can also find many other ways to distract yourself. Watching a movie, reading a book, or participating in other activities will not only reduce stress but they will distract you for a time.
4. Find Appropriate Medication. By visiting a doctor in places such as Illinois Pain Institute, and letting them know of your pain problems, they will be able to prescribe you medication that can help alleviate the pain.
These are just a few of the ways that you can cope with your chronic pain and help to reduce it. If these solutions do not work, you may want to also visit a pain institute that specializes in chronic pain.


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Good Day!
Hope this finds you cool and comfy!
It's a steamy summer day in New England and I'm airing out my recording studio with a breeze blowing and thinking about the past 2 years - many changes - many challenges - many losses - yet incredible lessons learned and amazing journeys taken. The picture above is of my daughter Ava swinging through the air at a recent sleep over party. Weightless, light, flying through the air and trusting. Freeing.
This should be our experience when on the air or at the mic or doing anything we love. Today, I'll audition for radio commercials, record corporate narrations, record and produce 5 newscasts and conduct a voiceover coaching call - and tend to 3 children. Each one of these activities could seem burdensome and I could attach a negative or resistant attitude to these responsibilities because I really just want to have a beach day. Yet, if I really think about - I've asked for each one of these situations and all of these responsibilities woven together make up the fabric of my life (starting to sound like that Cotton jingle now - sorry because now it's likely playing in your head). How can I deny who and what I love and am good at? So, the beach wait and the record light is ON!
Please tell me about you! Are you motivated, accomplishing, satisfied with your voiceover, radio or performance career? Need to talk it out? Need a kick? I can do both. Please be in touch email@example.com


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Phone: (888) 561-7287
At Get Help Tax & Bookkeeping our priority is making your life easier. More organizations are making the switch to cloud accounting software like Quickbooks Online. With that comes access to your company's financial records from any computer or mobile device, automatic backup of your data files, simpler payroll processing and faster bill payment.
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Backsplash Springdale, AR
Whether you are replacing an outdated backsplash or simply looking to improve the appearance of your kitchen, the materials you choose allow you to make a big impact in a small space. A kitchen backsplash provides an attractive, yet practical element to updating your Springdale area home.
The right product choice can help you add color, texture and even complete the design of the space. To increase functionality, a backsplash protects your walls from food splatter and water spray.
Providing a complete selection of backsplash options allows homeowners to customize the installation to their design preference and lifestyle. When you visit our showroom at Hoffman Kitchen & Bath, our helpful professionals can guide you through choices including granite, tile, Tyvarian and more.
If you are considering a traditional choice like tile, you can look at both standard options as well as newer designer styles including glass and metal tile. If you are installing granite countertops as at the same time, you can create sleek, uniform appearance with a continuous matching backsplash. One alternative you may want to consider is Tyvarian, a low maintenance, grout-free, stylish solid surface material.
Each material you choose will have different maintenance requirements, so work with our experts to find the best kitchen backsplash for your Springdale area home.