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Jon Fraenkel
Professor School of History, Philosophy, Political Science & International Relations
Teaching in 2020
- as Course Coordinator and Lecturer
- as Course Coordinator and Lecturer
- DPhil University of Sussex
Jon Fraenkel is a Professor in Comparative Politics in the School of History, Philosophy, Political Science and International Relations at Victoria University of Wellington. He formerly worked at the Australian National University (2007-12) and the University of the South Pacific in Fiji (1995-2007). He is author of The Manipulation of Custom; from uprising to intervention in the Solomon Islands and co-editor of The 2006 Military Takeover in Fiji; A coup to end all coups? He is the Pacific Islands correspondent for The Economist.
Current research projects
Jon's current research focuses on: the politics of highly heterogeneous societies; institutional design in divided societies; state-building in Solomon islands; coups and elections in Fiji; Papua New Guinea; debates about patronage, clientelism and money politics; electoral reform; and the economic history of Oceania. Several collaborative projects are under way with Pacific Islander scholars.
Thesis supervision
Jon supervises PhD students at both the Australian National University and at Victoria University of Wellington. Jon's current PhD students are looking at New Zealand's free association agreements with the Cook Islands and Niue, democratizing monarchies in the Asia Pacific and Political Settlements in East Timor and Bougainville. Recently completed theses have covered women's representation in the Pacific islands, elections in Solomon Islands and the Fiji military.
Selection of recent publications
- 'The Remorseless Power of Incumbency in Fiji's September 2014 Election', The Round Table, Special Issue on Fiji Elections, (ed) Brij Lal, 104, (2), 2015, pp151-164.
- 'Greed and Grievance in Solomon Islands', Journal of Pacific History, Online First, 2015.
- 'Fiji; Issues and Events 2014', The Contemporary Pacific, 27, 2, 2015.
- 'An Analysis of Provincial, Urban and Ethnic Loyalties in Fiji's 2014 Election', Journal of Pacific History, 50, (1), 2015, pp38-53.
- 'The Borda Count and its Real World Alternatives: Comparing Scoring Rules in Nauru and Slovenia' (with Bernard Grofman, University of California), Australian Journal of Political Science, June 2014.
- 'Fiji; Issues and Events 2013', The Contemporary Pacific, 26, 2, 2014.
- 'Resolving Conflict in Bipolar Societies: The fate of political settlements in Fiji and Northern Ireland' (with John Coakley, University College, Dublin), Political Science, 66, (1), 2014.
- 'Post-Colonial Political Institutions in the Pacific Islands: A Survey', Politics, Development and Security in Oceania, (Eds) David Hegarty and Darrell Tryon, ANU EPress, 2013. pp169-184.
- 'European Models of Government in the Postcolonial Pacific', Politics, Development and Security in Oceania, (Eds) David Hegarty and Darrell Tryon, ANU EPress, 2013.
- 'Comparing across Regions: Party Systems and Heterogeneity in Indonesia and the Pacific Islands' (with Ed Aspinall); Centre for Democratic Institutions, 2013.
- 'The Origins of Military Autonomy in Fiji: A Tale of Three Coups', Australian Journal of International Affairs, 67, (3), 2013, 327-341.
- 'Fiji; Issues and Events 2012', The Contemporary Pacific, 25, 2, 2013.
- 'Party-Hopping Laws in the Southern Hemisphere', Political Science, 64, (2), 2012.
- 'Conflict Prevention in the Commonwealth: The 2000 Fiji Coup', International Negotiation, 17, 2012, p449-484. [with Craig Collins].
- 'Fiji; Issues and Events 2011', The Contemporary Pacific, 24, 2, 2012.
- 'The Politics of Conflict Reduction in Fiji', Diminishing Conflicts in Asia and the Pacific; Why some subside and others don't, (eds), Edward Aspinall, Robin Jeffrey, Anthony Regan, Routledge, 2012.
- 'New Zealand and the Pacific Islands', Te Ara, Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, 2012.
- 'The Atrophied State: An Analysis of 'Slush Funds' in Western Melanesia', Duncan, R (ed) The Political Economy of Economic Reform in the Pacific, Asian Development Bank, 2011.
- 'The Resumption of Oil Palm Production on Guadalcanal's Northern Plains', Pacific Economic Bulletin, 25, (1), 2010. [with Harry Brock & Matthew Allen].
- 'Oceania's Political Institutions and Transitions', Conclusion, Pacific Ways: Government and Politics in the Pacific Islands, (ed) Stephen Levine, Victoria University Press, 2009.
- Fraenkel, Firth & Lal, The 2006 Military Takeover in Fiji; A coup to end all coups? ANU EPress, Canberra, 2009. – & several chapters including - 'The Great Roadmap Charade; Electoral Issues in Post-Coup Fiji'; 'Introduction: The Enigmas of Fiji's Good Governance Coup' [co-authored with Stewart Firth]; 'The Fiji Military and Ethnonationalism: analysing the paradox' [co-authored with Stewart Firth],.
- 'Redistricting via Coups and Constitutions; The Construction of Ethnically-Mixed Constituencies in Fiji 1970-2007', in Comparative Redistricting, (ed) Lisa Handley, Oxford University Press, 2008 Oxford & New York, pp 123-139.
- 'The Origins of the Coup Culture in Fiji', Hotspot: Asia and Oceania, (ed) Clinton Fernandes, Greenwood Press Westport Connecticut & London, 2008, pp51-66.
- 'Electoral Engineering, Social Cleavages and Democracy', in Domestic Perspectives on Contemporary Democracy, (ed) Peter F. Nardulli, University of Illinois Press, Urbana & Chicago, 2008, pp71-101 (with Bernard Grofman).
- 'The Impact of RAMSI on the 2006 Elections in the Solomon Islands', Politics and State-Building in Solomon Islands, (eds) Sinclair Dinnen & Stewart Firth, ANU Press, 2008.
- 'Fiji; Issues and Events 2007', The Contemporary Pacific, 20: 2, Autumn, 2008.
- 'From Election to Coup in Fiji; The 2006 Campaign & its Aftermath', Institute of Pacific Studies, Suva, & Asia-Pacific Press, Canberra, 2007 (with Stewart Firth) – and several chapters therein including 'The Fiji Coup of December 2006 – Who, What, Where and Why?'; 'Bipolar Realignment under the Alternative Vote System; An Analysis of the 2006 Electoral Data', 'Multi-Party Cabinet & Power-Sharing', 'Preface: Fiji's Perpetual legitimacy Crisis', 'Shifting Visions, Changing Calculus', editor's introduction (with Stewart Firth); 'Cycles of Party Politics', (with Stewart Firth); 'The Strategic Impasse; Mahendra Chaudhry and the Fiji Labour Party' (with Samisoni Pareti); 'Whatever Happened to Western Separatism' (with Apolosi Bose).
- 'Le Coup d'État de Décembre 2006 à Fidji: Qui, quoi, où et pourquoi ?', Revue Juridique, Politique et Économique de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 2008, p22-37.
- 'The Merits of Neo-Downsian Modelling of the Alternative Vote: A Reply to Horowitz', Public Choice, 133, (1-2), 2007, p1-11. [with Bernard Grofman]
- 'Does the Alternative Vote Foster Moderation in Ethnically Divided Societies? The Case of Fiji', Comparative Political Studies, 39 (5), 2006, pp623-651 (with Professor Bernard Grofman, University of California, Irvine).
- 'Power-Sharing in Fiji & New Caledonia', (ed) Firth, S., Globalisation, Governance and the Pacific Islands, Globalisation and Governance in the Pacific Islands, State, Society and Governance in Melanesia, Studies in State and Society in the Pacific, No. 1, 2006.
- 'Political Instability, 'Failed States' and Regional Intervention in the Pacific', in Redefining the Pacific? Regionalism, Past, Present and Future, Jenny Bryant-Tokelau and Ian Frazer (eds.) Ashgate: London, 2006.
- 'The Impact of Electoral Systems on Women's Representation in Pacific Parliaments', in A Woman's Place is in the House – the House of Parliament; Research to Advance Women's Political Representation in Forum Island Countries, Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva, 2006.
- 'Regulating Bipolar Divisions; A Case Study of Ethnic Structure, Public Sector Inequality and Electoral Engineering in Fiji', in Bangura, Y. (ed) Ethnic Inequalities and Public Sector Governance, Palgrave-Macmillan, 2006.
- 'The Political Consequences of Pacific Island Electoral Laws', Political Parties in the Pacific Islands, (ed) Rich, R., Hambly, L., & Morgan, M., Pandanus, 2006.
- 'The Failure of the Alternative Vote as a Tool for Ethnic Moderation in Fiji: A Rejoinder to Horowitz', Comparative Political Studies, 39 (5), 2006, pp 663-666 (With Professor Bernard Grofman).
- 'Beyond MIRAB: Do Aid and Remittances Crowd Out Export Growth in Pacific Micro-economies?', Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 47, (1), 2006, special issue – MIRAB Twenty Years On.
- 'Problems of Institutional Design in the Pacific Islands', Journal of Pacific Studies, 29, (1), 2006, special issue drawing on papers from 2004 Port Vila conference (sole editor).
- 'Political Culture, Representation and Electoral Systems in the Pacific Islands', Editors Introduction, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 43, (3), 2005, Special Issue on Pacific Electoral Systems (with Bernard Grofman, University of California - Irvine).
- 'The Role of Ballot Chiefs (Matai Pälota) and Political Parties in Sämoa's Shift to Universal Suffrage', Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 43, (3), 2005, Special Issue on Pacific Electoral Systems (with Asofou So'o, National University of Samoa).
- 'Redistricting via Coups and Constitutions; The Construction of Ethnically-Mixed Constituencies in Fiji 1970-2001', Journal of Pacific Studies, 28, (1), 2005
- 'Myths of Pacific Terrorism', in Henderson, J., & Watson, G., Securing a Peaceful Pacific, Canterbury University Press, 2005.
- 'South Pacific: Arc of Instability or Matrix of Discontent?', New Zealand in a Globalising World, (ed) Pettman, R., Victoria University Press, Wellington, 2005
- The Manipulation of Custom; From Uprising to Intervention in the Solomon Islands, Victoria University Press & Pandanus Books, Wellington & Canberra, 2004
- 'A Neo-Downsian Model of the Alternative Vote as a Mechanism for Mitigating Ethnic Conflict in Plural Societies', Public Choice, 121, 2004, pp487-506 – (with Professor Bernie Grofman, University of California)
- 'The Coming Anarchy in Oceania? A Critique of the "Africanisation of the South Pacific" Thesis', Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 42, (1), 2004, pp1-34
Media articles
- 'Politics in Fiji: back into the Fold', The Economist, 19th September, 2014.
- 'Reflections on the 2014 Election in Fiji', Fiji Times, 22nd September 2014.
- 'Pooling Sovereignty? Australia and the Pacific Islands', Economist, Aug 1st 2014, 'Nauru: Problems with Australia's "Pacific Solution"', The Economist, 1st February 2014.
- 'Why Fiji's Latest Electoral System Changed?' Islands Business, September 2013.
- 'A Gathering of Pacific leaders worries about climate change', The Economist, 30th August 2013.
- 'The Heat on Fiji's Strongman', Dominion Post (Wellington), 14th August 2013.
- 'Solomon Islands: a modestly successful decade of intervention', The Economist, 20th July 2013.
- 'The Pacific's colonies: Ends of Empire', The Economist, 25th May 2013.
- 'Opportunity Blown: Constitutional Wrangles in Fiji', The Economist, 28th March 2013.
Teaching in 2020
- as Course Coordinator and Lecturer
- as Course Coordinator and Lecturer


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Book Reviews and News for Bibliophiles.
All reviews are copyrighted and published originally by Bibliophile Ltd. To buy any book, see website www.bibliophilebooks.com
Oo Annie - what would I have written? Quite apart from the content, you'd need muscles to read this one in bed.Happy 2012 to you, the team & the cats, and thanks for popping by earlier.

subset: commoncrawl


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You have a big race coming up, and a training plan that's maybe 20 weeks. When should you start training? Should you count back 20 weeks from the race to start?
When was the last time you made it through a training cycle without something interfering with your training – injury, illness, life, loss (temporary) of motivation? Chances are rarely, if ever.
Then, what do you do? You could double up to make up for missed days or try to cram three weeks into two. That only increases the risk of further illness or injury. Maybe you go into the race underprepared. This also can lead to injury, an unenjoyable experience, and much longer recovery. Perhaps you adjust your time goals or, even skip your goal race as a last resort.
A better approach? Don't wait. Start training NOW! Give yourself extra time to:
- Take and come back from time off;
- Adapt to increasing training volume and intensity;
- Spend more time working on weaknesses; and
- If all goes well, get into even better shape.
I know the idea of a longer training plan may not sound appealing. However, adding time to your training plan can reduce stress by allowing you to take a more relaxing and flexible approach.
Stretch out the start of training or the biggest ramp up period. Take four weeks to build go through three weeks of training progression, for example. This allows for greater adaptation, and reduces the risk of injury and psychological burn out.
Take an extra easy or rest day during the biggest ramp up period. This also allows for greater adaptation, and reduces the risk of injury and psychological burn out.
Break away from your plan for a bit to give extra focus on your weaknesses, the things that are limiting your improvement.
If it goes well and you avoid significant time off, you can repeat peak load (volume and/or intensity) training an extra week or two, or spend more time working on your weaknesses. This will get you into even better shape, and better solidify your fitness.
Currently (May, 2018), I'm on a multi-year plan to run Boston in 2020. This is allowing me time to gradually build from running weekly mileage in the teens last year, to the 60s and 70s I'll want to hit my marathon goals. I don't have to rush my training progression. I don't have to force training when my body is telling me to back off. And, it's giving me time to be able to get a lot of repetition of both the desired distance and intensity training. I know the more training I can put in at those peak levels, the better my race will be.
Train smart. See you on the roads and trails.


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Aquatic Animal Health
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) addresses aquatic animal diseases of finfish, molluscs and crustaceans through the National Aquatic Animal Health Program (NAAHP). The NAAHP is co-delivered by the CFIA and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The program is consistent with international standards set by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE).
Aquatic Animal Health E-mail Notification Service
What information is available?
- Aquatic Animal Domestic Movements
- Aquatic Animal Health Committee
- Biosecurity
- Compartmentalization for international trade
- Diseases
- Exports
- Imports
- Notices to Industry
- Surveillance
- Date modified:


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I am the FIRST to admit, I'm a critical person.
I'm critical of myself.
I'm critical of others.
I'm critical of work.
I'm critical of how Andrew mops the floor (which I kinda have a leg to stand on…I digress)
I don't think that 'having a critical eye' is can always be a bad thing. I'll find the mis-matched margins and spacing in a word document. I'm usually the first person who finds the spelling error or the wrong use of They're/Their/There … it's just how my brain works. 'Keep a watchful eye!' on things.
I can read through policy and quickly raise questions as to how it doesn't make sense, isn't clear enough, should be re-worded. Look at forms and offer instant suggestions which oftentimes were overlooked. I just am that type of person.
Being critical can be exhausting.
I have spent a good majority of my 20s being critical of myself. I became critical, nit-picky, exhaustive of myself.
Wanting to change is one thing which isn't inherntley bad.
Picking yourself apart is a dangerous and destructive pattern we can often slid into when we want to change.
I have spent the past four years trying and succeeding at unwinding the critical bunny instead of me that gnaws away at the roots of positivity and acceptance I foster. It's been a long hard slog sometimes and there have been times when I've REALLLLLYYYYY wanted to give up. There are times when I've back slid into a horrible mental space, drowned it all down with ice cream only to have Andrew come home finding me a hormonal, over-carbed, sugar stoned, sobbing wife needing affirmation for an issue that isn't his….mess!
I've also struggled with finding the balance between 'wanting to change AND doing that from a place of self-love.' I have. They don't seem congruent in my head. How can you change and love yourself? Isn't it about appeasing the critical area you need to work on?
For so long this didn't work for me: (Change + Self-love) – negative critical ways = happy solid sustainable change.
I've always equated change with an outward appeasement of an inward critical tape. It's never been from self-love. It's been from meeting a critical thought.
I really don't want to put this baby on a pedestal, but I shall for a minute. As a totally unexpected plan changer in our lives…it has been a blessing. I spent the first 20 weeks doing what I wanted. I ate pretty much what I wanted and didn't do stacks of exercise. I gave myself permission to move past the critical grind and just go with it. You have to.
And now I'm going with it even more. I can feel the panic that used to wash over me lessen. I can feel the desire to eat in different ways rise with the tide of self love AND change being the motivating factor….the critical aspect isn't there. I can see the way I love Andrew change. I can see the way I HOLD my belly and feel it kick and smile in awe of the life we've created. I can feel my body relaxing when I'm being cuddled, instead of pulling away or shoving my stomach into the mattress I let it be where it is.
In what ways are you tempted to collapse into the negative?
I feel it's much more interesting to focus on and magnify the positive. You can use a magnifying glass. The negative is still there — it's jus that the spotlight is on the positive. ~SARK "Wild Succulent Women"
It is possible to change AND harness self-love. I think that finding the 'altitude' in life is where I've always wanted to fly.


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A prison charge or arrest file in Freehold , Mt. Laurel , Jersey City , or anywhere in New Jersey, is probably going one of many biggest challenges you will ever face in your lifetime. Anyone facing an allegation that they have violated state or federal prison law wants a strong and knowledgeable Nashville prison protection legal professional they can respect and trust. To these exterior the authorized profession, I'm just stifling competitors, fearing my shopper base dwindling, and trying to keep the prison bar from rising. But each legal case is completely different, and your freedom and felony report should not be left to likelihood and guesswork.
If you want to win the only real custody of your little one, hire a Las Vegas felony defense lawyer that could absolutely make it easier to win the case. A personal damage legal professional can be necessary in case you have been harmed, or injured in an car accident, or from any accident at a commercial enterprise, workplace, or a construction space. From beginning to end, investigation to trial, enchantment to closing judgment, The Rutan Law Firm will current you with efficient representation in all criminal proceedings. To shield yourself, name Kurt Kerns, Attorney At Law, in Wichita, Kansas, at 316-469-6732.
Attorney and writer Jason Stern offers a FREE summons evaluate and payment quote to any shoppers who point out 'Hubpages' of their contact inquiry. He was most likely blowing each professor to make a passing grade in San Diego where he went to high school. Attorney Stevenson took time with me and made positive all recent legal guidelines have been examined earlier than court appearances. But before you condemn lawyers who do signify the criminally charged, stop and suppose for a minute about how our Criminal Justice system works. Sullivan has tried many cases within the Harris county prison and juvenile courthouses.
Possessing the attributes of a reliable defense lawyer, our Attorney John Rutan is absolutely capable of dealing with favorable negotiations, thorough analysis, and ultimately, aggressive litigation. Mentally in poor health prisoners in the Dallas County jail routinely endure solely cursory psychiatric exams and infrequently go days or perhaps weeks with out the anti-psychotic medicine needed to regulate their conduct, an investigation by The Dallas Morning News and WFAA-TV (Channel eight) has discovered. There are numerous defense strategies accessible to use in Maryland criminal instances.


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The GHNP and its ecozone shelter some rare and engangered bird and mammal species.
Four of our guides are professional naturalists and will help you observe the wildlife of the Great Himalayan National Park.
Obviously not all species can be observed anywhere. You will have to tell us what are your specific interests. Then according to the season we will help you going to the right places to get a chance to see and photograph the animals or plants you are interested in.
For most of the mammals a visit inside the Park will be inevitable while for birding, the ecozone has numerous bird species that can be observed from the villages. Hence in most of the case you will have to trek for observing wildlife.
Here is a non-exhaustive list of the mammals and birds that can be observed near or in the GHNP.
|Common name
|Scientific name
|Blue sheep
|Pseudois nayaur
|Brown bear
|Ursus arctos
|Himalayan Tahr
|Hemitragus jemlahicus
|Snow leopard
|Uncia uncia
|Musk dear
|Moschus chrysogaster
|Himalayan Ghoral
|Naemorhedus goral
|Asiatic black bear
|Ursus thibetanus
|Common name
|Scientific name
|Western Tragopan
|Tragopan melanocephalus
|Monal pheasant
|Cheer pheasant
|Catreus wallichii
|Koklash Pheasant
|Pucrasia macrolopha
|White-crested Kaleej
|Lophura leucomelanos
|Himalayan Griffon Vulture
|Gyps himalayensis
|Crested Kingfisher
|Megaceryle lugubris
Contact us, let us know your wildlife interest, let us know all the arragements you need and we will prepared your tailored program for a successful wildlife tour !


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Featured Characters:
- Ant-Man (Scott Lang) (First appearance as Ant-Man)
Supporting Characters:
- Doctor Hank Pym (Main story and flashback) (As Ant-Man in flashback only)
- Ant-Man's Crew (First appearance)
- Hope van Dyne (First appearance)
- Cassie Lang (First appearance)
- Maggie Lang
- San Francisco Police Department (First appearance)
- Detective Jim Paxton (First appearance)
- Officer Gale (First appearance)
- Ant-Man's Ants
- Crazy ants (Paratrechina longicornis) (First appearance)
- Fire ants (Solenopsis mandibularis) (First appearance)
- Carpenter ants (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) (First appearance)
- Bullet ants (Paraponera clavata) (First appearance)
- Hydra
- Mitchell Carson (First appearance) (Main story and flashback)
- Pym Technologies/Cross Technologies (First appearance)
- Yellowjacket (Darren Cross) (Only appearance; dies)[1]
- Ten Rings
- Unnamed member (Only appearance; dies)[1]
- Unnamed separatists (Mentioned)
Other Characters:
- S.H.I.E.L.D. (Only in flashback)
- Howard Stark (Only in flashback)
- Agent Peggy Carter (Only in flashback)
- Peachy
- Baskin-Robbins (First appearance)
- Dale (First appearance)
- VistaCorp (Mentioned)
- Frank (Only appearance; dies)[1]
- Ernesto (Only in flashback)
- Emily (Only in flashback)
- Carlos (Only in flashback)
- Iron Man (Tony Stark) (Mentioned)
- Wasp (Janet van Dyne) (First appearance) (Only in flashback) (Apparent death)
- Avengers
- Falcon (Sam Wilson)
- Steve Rogers (Cameo)
- Ignacio (Only in flashback)
- Stan Lee (Only in flashback)
- Spider-Man (Peter Parker) (Mentioned)
- Bucky Barnes (Cameo)
- Leonardo DiCaprio (Mentioned) (Topical reference)
Races and Species:
- Humans
- Crazy ants (Paratrechina longicornis) (First appearance)
- Fire ants (Solenopsis mandibularis) (First appearance)
- Carpenter ants (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) (First appearance)
- Bullet ants (Paraponera clavata) (First appearance)
- Earth-199999
- Earth
- United States of America
- Washington, D.C. (Only in flashback)
- Potomac River (Only in flashback)
- Triskelion (Only in flashback)
- Potomac River (Only in flashback)
- California
- San Francisco
- Cross Technological Enterprises Facility
- Futures Vault
- Golden Gate Bridge (Cameo)
- San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge (First appearance) (Cameo)
- Cross Technological Enterprises Facility
- San Quentin Prison
- Los Angeles (Cameo)
- Los Feliz (First appearance) (Cameo)
- Griffith Park (First appearance) (Cameo)
- Griffith Observatory (First appearance) (Cameo)
- Griffith Park (First appearance) (Cameo)
- Los Feliz (First appearance) (Cameo)
- San Francisco
- New York
- Washington, D.C. (Only in flashback)
- Sokovia (Mentioned)
- Germany (Unnamed)
- Berlin (Unnamed)
- United States of America
- Quantum Realm (First appearance)
- Earth
- Yellowjacket's Suit
- Ant-Man's Suit and Helmet (Main story and flashback)
- Iron Man Armor (Mentioned)
- Wasp's Suit and Bio-Synthetic Wings (Main story and flashback)
- Pym Particles
- Falcon's Wings
- Pym Discs
- Pym Particle Implosion Bomb
The plot of this film is unknown.
- Paul Rudd as Ant-Man / Scott Lang, [2][3] a thief hired by Hank Pym to break into Pym Technology and stop Darren Cross.
- Evangeline Lilly as Hope van Dyne,[4] the daughter of Hank Pym and Janet Van Dyne. Animosity between exists between her and her father over the Ant-Man suit being passed on to Scott Lang rather than her.[5]
- Corey Stoll as Yellowjacket / Darren Cross,[4][6] the current CEO of Pym Technologies, rebranded as "Cross Technologies."[5]
- Bobby Cannavale as Officer Jim Paxton, Maggie's fiancé[7][8][9]
- Michael Peña as Luis,[10][8] a member of Scott Lang's crew.
- Tip "T.I." Harris as Dave,[7][11] a member of Scott Lang's crew.
- Wood Harris as Officer Gale[7][11]
- Judy Greer as Maggie, Scott Lang's estranged ex-wife[7][12][11]
- Abby Ryder Fortson as Cassie Lang[13]
- David Dastmalchian as Kurt,[7][11] a member of Scott Lang's crew.
- Martin Donovan as Mitchell Carson,[14] a figure from Hank Pym's past with connections to S.H.I.E.L.D. and Darren Cross.[15][5]
- Michael Douglas as Ant-Man / Dr. Hank Pym,[3][17] the founder of Pym Technology, inventor of the Ant-Man suit, discoverer of the Pym Particles, and the original Ant-Man. Dr. Pym distrusts super heroes due to something that happened to his late wife, Janet van Dyne, in the 1980s.[5]
- Dax Griffin as young Hank Pym
Additionally, John Slattery reprises his role as Howard Stark[7]. Gregg Turkington appears as Dale,[14] the manager of a Baskin-Robbins.[18][7][5] Hayley Lovitt appears as Wasp / Janet van Dyne in a non-speaking role. Stan Lee makes a cameo appearance as a bartender.[19] Original Saturday Night Live cast member Garrett Morris makes a cameo as a cab driver. Comedian Tom Kenny provides his voice for a stuffed rabbit that Scott gives Cassie for her birthday. Youtube star Anna Akana makes a cameo as a writer who knows the Falcon. Chris Evans and Sebastian Stan reprise their roles as Steve Rogers and Bucky Barnes, respectively, in a clip from Captain America: Civil War that serves as a post-credits scene.
Jordi Mollà shot a scene as Castillo, a Panamanian general Hank steals a microfilm from in the 1980's, but the scene was ultimately cut from the movie.[11][20] Patrick Wilson, Matt Gerald, and Kevin Weisman were cast in undisclosed roles before departing the project in July 2014.[21][22][23] Wilson's role was later revealed to be that of Jim Paxton, which ultimately went to Bobby Cannavale.[20] Jordan Peele was also cast in the film, but had to leave due to scheduling conflicts at an unknown time.[24]
- Edgar Wright was the original director the film, but he exited the project in late May 2014 "due to differences in [Marvel Studios' and his] vision of the film."[25] Directors Marvel considered to replace Wright included Adam McKay, Rawson Marshall Thurber, and Ruben Fleischer.[26] Peyton Reed officially boarded the project as its new director two weeks after Wright left, while McKay joined the project as a writer.[27]
- The film wrapped principal photography on December 6, 2014.[28]
- The film was originally scheduled for a November 6, 2015 release, was later moved up to July 31, 2015, and then to July 17 of the same year.[29][30][31]
- Darren Cross refers to Pym's archived adventures as Ant-Man as "tales to astonish," a reference to the comic book series that introduced Hank Pym.[32]
- Original Saturday Night Live cast member Garrett Morris makes a cameo in the film as a cab driver. Morris portrayed Ant-Man in the classic SNL sketch "Superhero Party."
- The filmmakers originally wanted for Scott Lang to work at Chipotle, but the restaurant chain didn't particularly like the context in which their brand would've been used. Before landing on Baskin-Robbins, Jamba Juice was considered.[33]
See Also
- Characters from Ant-Man (film)
- Other things related to Ant-Man (film)
- Film Gallery: Ant-Man (film)
- Images from the film
Links and References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 First and only known appearance to date besides flashbacks
- ↑ Paul Rudd Set to Star in Marvel's Ant-Man. Marvel.com (19 December 2013). Retrieved on 19 December 2013.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Michael Douglas to Star as Hank Pym in Marvel's Ant-Man. Marvel.com (13 January 2014). Retrieved on 13 January 2014.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yamato, Jen (26 July 2014). Comic-Con: Evangeline Lilly & Corey Stoll Join 'Ant-Man' Stars As Marvel Screens Very Early Footage. Deadline. Retrieved on 27 July 2014.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Perry, Spencer (22 June 2015). From the Set and Edit Bay of Marvel's Ant-Man. SuperHeroHype!. Retrieved on 23 June 2015.
- ↑ Penagos, Ryan (26 July 2014). Corey Stoll plays Darren Cross, aka Yellowjacket in #AntMan. He was Hank Pym's mentee before things got sour. #MarvelSDCC. Retrieved on 26 July 2014.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Production Begins on Marvel's Ant-Man. Marvel.com (18 August 2014). Retrieved on 19 August 2014.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Stitch Kingdom (4 November 2014). Untitled photo. Twitter. Retrieved on 8 November 2014.
- ↑ Zemler, Emily (20 March 2015). Bobby Cannavale on Danny Collins, Meeting Pacino and De Niro, and Joining Ant-Man. Esquire. Retrieved on 13 April 2015.
- ↑ Kit, Borys (5 February 2014). Evangeline Lilly in Talks to Join 'Ant-Man'. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved on 6 February 2014.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Perry, Spencer (12 December 2014). New Plot Synopsis and Character Details for Ant-Man Released. SuperHeroHype!. Retrieved on 12 December 2014.
- ↑ Pape, Stefan (3 December 2014). The HeyUGuys Interview: Judy Greer on Men, Women and Children, Twitter and Marvel's Ant-Man. HeyUGuys. Retrieved on 5 December 2014.
- ↑ Marvel Entertainment (6 January 2015). 1st Full Look at Ant-Man - Marvel's Ant-Man Teaser. Retrieved on 12 January 2015.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Marvel's Ant-Man Red Carpet Premiere (29 June 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015.
- ↑ Ford, Rebecca (6 October 2014). Marvel's 'Ant-Man' Adds Martin Donovan (Exclusive). The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved on 6 October 2014.
- ↑ Atlanta, Georgia Casting Call – Marvel Studio's 'Ant-Man' Casting Call for body doubles and stand-ins in Atlanta.. Project Casting (28 October 2014). Retrieved on 3 November 2014.
- ↑ Yehl, Joshua and Scott Collura (14 February 2015). Ant-Man Hank Pym Costume Revealed (Sort Of). IGN. Retrieved on 14 February 2015.
- ↑ The Deadline Team (2 July 2014). David Dastmalchian Joins 'Ant-Man', David Harbour Adds To 'Black Mass'; 'Ride Along 2' Taps Olivia Munn. Deadline. Retrieved on 1 July 2014.
- ↑ Keyes, Rob (30 April 2015). Stan Lee On Upcoming Marvel Cameos & Our 'Avengers : Age of Ultron' Giveaway. Screen Rant. Retrieved on 23 June 2015.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Marnell, Blair (31 May 2015). Ant-Man Trivia and Fun Facts. Coming Soon. Retrieved on 15 September 2015.
- ↑ Fleming Jr., Mike (27 February 2014). Patrick Wilson To Join Marvel's 'Ant-Man'. Deadline. Retrieved on 1 March 2014.
- ↑ Matt Gerald Lands Villainous 'Ant-Man Role; Kenneth Choi In Court For 'The Whole Truth'. Deadline (April 2014). Retrieved on 5 April 2015.
- ↑ Yamato, Jen (25 July 2014). Comic-Con: Major Cast Exits on 'Ant-Man' Include Patrick Wilson. Deadline. Retrieved on 25 July 2014.
- ↑ Hunt, Stacy Wilson. Ricky Gervais, Jordan Peele and TV's Funniest Actors on Failed Fart Skits, Louis C.K. Worship and When to Play the Race Card. 17 June 2015. Retrieved on 15 September 2015.
- ↑ Zakarin, Jordan (23 May 2014). Edgar Wright Exits Marvel's 'Ant-Man'. The Wrap. Retrieved on 23 May 2014.
- ↑ Siegel, Tatiana (30 May 2014). 'Ant-Man' Director Contenders Include Adam McKay, Ruben Fleischer. The Hollywood Reporter.
- ↑ Director Peyton Reed and writer Adam McKay join Marvel's Ant-Man. Marvel.com (7 June 2014). Retrieved on 7 June 2014.
- ↑ Reed, Peyton (6 December 2014). And that's it! Principal photography on ANT-MAN is now complete. The ants have left the building. Stay tuned.... Twitter. Retrieved on 8 December 2014.
- ↑ Perry, Spencer (15 October 2012). Ant-Man Gets a Release Date!. SuperHeroHype!. Retrieved on 15 October 2012.
- ↑ Ant-Man Moves Up to Summer 2015!. ComingSoon.net (9 September 2013). Retrieved on 9 September 2013.
- ↑ Strom, Marc (23 January 2014). Marvel's Ant-Man Leaps Forward to July 17. Marvel.com. Retrieved on 23 January 2014.
- ↑ Tales to Astonish #27
- ↑ Mallenbaum (17 July 2015). Here's why Ant-Man works at Baskin-Robbins. USA Today. Retrieved on 24 November 2015.


text:
Wilderness and humans don't mix. Or so we thought. After centuries creating national parks, as well as millions of "conversation refugees" displaced by them, the world has learned a few things. The great expanses of Africa's Serengeti, California's coastal redwoods and the grasslands of our Great Plains are intensely managed human landscapes. Wilderness, they're saying, is not a pristine state to preserve, but the fluid intersection between ecology and human society.
That connection is finally being acknowledged in a new class of park. "Cultural landscapes" are appearing as protected areas with resident human populations, as well as formal declarations by agencies such as UNSECO, the UN's education and culture agency. Bucking centuries of dogma about how to protect wilderness, these new parks are more like homes, lived in and protected by their human inhabitants, as a way to protect the ecology and culture, says Julia Watson, an Australian landscape architect and lecturer at Harvard who spoke recently about her work with Steven Lansing at the 2012 PopTech Conference in Camden, Maine.
"It's always a more successful level of protection because everything about protection is integrated into the lifestyle and worldview of the people who live there," she says. Our inviolate attitude towards parks in the West has been defined by a scientific approach with little room for culture, as well as environmental devastation wrought by centuries of economic growth following the Industrial Revolution. The 1964 U.S. Wilderness Act makes this explicit by defining wilderness as a place "where man himself is a visitor who does not remain."
Yet biodiversity often exists because of cultural diversity, claims Watson, something confirmed by WWF on a global scale in a 2000 study. So a group of pioneering anthropologists, architects, and conservationists has turned this idea into one of the most ambitious cultural landscapes so far: the rice farming regions of the Indonesian island of Bali, declared a new cultural site by UNESCO this year.
Instead of buildings, "gateways" will lead to 75 square miles of rice paddies and villages, a living landscape run, managed, and inhabited by the Balinese themselves. At the heart of this landscape is the subak, a 1,300-year-old cooperative water management, an intricate collection of rice terraces and water temples fed by network of canals and small dams. The system reflects the ecology of the region, as well as the Balinese philosophical concept of Tri Hita Karana, the overlapping realms of the spirit, the human world, and nature.
Bali's attempt to preserve its culture, and the ecology, may be a turning point in swapping living landscapes for the parks and museums that have served as answers to conservation in the past. The world is still full of places where human understanding of complex ecosystems is embedded in culture, folklore, and enduring ecological management systems–from the Masai's African rangelands to the native potato cultivation of Peru. Watson says we can't preserve one without the other.