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Almost a year ago now, I wrote up a blog post detailing the things that I strive to do when writing T-SQL modules (mostly stored procedures). One of the things that I have been doing since my very first common table expression (CTE) back in the Yukon beta is ending all relevant statements with statement terminators (semi-colons). A few responses to the above post indicated that they don't currently use statement terminators, and had no interest in starting. Let's quickly recap the reasons why I started making this a habit.
Today, I use CTEs and Service Broker.
Unless it is the first statement in a batch, the previous statement prior to a CTE declaration needs to be terminated with a semi-colon. This is also true for Service Broker commands (e.g. SEND ON CONVERSATION). Some people "fix" this by simply writing code ike this:
;WITH foo AS (...) ...
And typically when I post CTE examples to newsgroups / forums, I do this, to avoid the inevitable comeback with this error message attached (because you never know where they are going to jam your example, and then complain that it didn't work):
.Net SqlClient Data Provider: Msg 319, Level 15, State 1, Line 2 Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'with'. If this statement is a common table expression or an xmlnamespaces clause, the previous statement must be terminated with a semicolon
But I think that syntax is far too ugly and counter-intuitive for my production code (YMMV). So for this reason, all relevant statements in my code get a semi-colon. I didn't go to the extent of inspecting all of my existing code and adding them, but if I was re-visiting a module for some other enhancement, I would take the few seconds and add any semi-colons that were missing. I didn't feel like I needed to do this, but thought it best to future-proof my code as much as possible, when convenient. And of course when writing new code, I would always terminate. This is probably best demonstrated by scrolling through my blog posts over the past year or two, and trying to spot any examples where I neglected to add a semi-colon. I doubt you'll find many!
Someday, I may use MERGE.
In SQL Server 2008, a similar requirement was added for MERGE: you can't run a MERGE statement unless it is properly terminated with a semi-colon. Otherwise, you get this error message:
.Net SqlClient Data Provider: Msg 10713, Level 15, State 1, Line 21 A MERGE statement must be terminated by a semi-colon (;)
So because of this, the set of reasons for future-proofing your code in this way has doubled: while your CTEs and MERGE statements obviously work today, because your procedure compiled, a user modifying them later might break them, and this will cause an extra debugging step. So at this point, I was debating whether it might make sense to comb through all of my code and add semi-colons where appropriate, but was still sitting quite squarely on the fence.
Not convinced? Hold on, there's more!
In the previous post, I suggested that someday Microsoft will make statement terminators mandatory. Well, they have. Statements that DON'T end with a proper statement terminator are on the deprecation list, which means that at some point, any statement that doesn't end with a semi-colon will cause an error similar to those listed above. Sounds funny, but it is true. If you don't believe me, please review these topics in Books Online:
Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions (Transact-SQL)
(See the second-last row in the first table.)
Deprecated Database Engine Features in SQL Server 2008
(It's a lot of scrolling; search the page for "semicolon.")
I'm not sure if they're doing this because the ANSI standard now declares statement terminators as mandatory, or because as the T-SQL language gets more and more complex, the complexities in the parser code multiply, or a combination of both. But I am no longer on the fence: it is on my "long-term task list" to systematically attack chunks of T-SQL modules and fix these pesky situations where statement terminators are missing.
I've outlined several good reasons to get into the habit of ending all of your T-SQL statements with semi-colons, at least for work going forward. And I may have even painted a picture that shows you it may worthwhile to go back and "fix" your existing codebase — maybe coupled with a simultaneous code review of some other kind, to help justify the effort. Because "a future version of SQL Server" might be closer than you think.
Very nice, especially since the competing RDMBS systems (at least Oracle) has required this for a while now. I am pretty good about using terminators in my code because of time working with Oracle over the last two years.
I've been wondering when this would become official. I have had a couple MS people mention this in the past but always in terms of "some day".
Personally, I always use them and try to get others to do so if working on the same project with me. Now I have another place to point them, thanks for that.
Hadn't considered the dirty title angle. But thanks for kicking off the parade of jokes going through my head now.
"But I think that syntax is far too ugly and counter-intuitive for my production code (YMMV). "
I used to Oracle, so the lack of semi-colons looks funny to me. Though, i still wan to be able to highligh half a query and run it, semi-colon or not!
Brian, that's an interesting point, I hadn't thought about the partial ad-hoc query. I wonder if the enforcement could only kick in when the batch has more than one statement (but then part of the point of the semi-colon is so that the parser can identify individual statements, so this is kind of chicken and egg). Or if you could intentionally run SSMS in an enforcement-bypass mode (kind of like a debug mode).
There is an ever-so-slightly-related other reason to use semicolons.
In Oracle tools it is general convention to be able to position your cursor within a statement, hit F9, and only that statement will execute.
There is a growing body of people who want similar in SSMS (there's a Connect submission for it somewhere but I couldn't find it cos Connect is playing up. Again.) and one can assume that this may rely on the use of semicolons for termination. So, in anticipation of them MAYBE introducing this very useful feature in the next version – use semicolons!!!
Thanks for the heads up! I've been using semi-colons a lot more since the introduction of SQL 2005 (mainly because they are required for CTEs), but I can't say that I use them religiously. If it's deprecated, we might as well all get into the habit of using them now and also to make our lives easier when we upgrade to the next version of SQL Server (or whatever version they finally remove it from).
Thanks. 🙂
I agree that it is a good idea to terminate statements with semicolons, since it will finally be required in a future version (I'm guessing SQL 12) of SQL Server.
I make my students do it in my T-SQL classes, so they are used to it at least.
Very nice post!
I don`t have the habit of use semicolon terminator in my T-SQL code, but now i will adopt. Who know, the Microsoft implement semicolon terminator as a mandatory syntax in the version of SQL 2011, isn`t?
Oh, I really doubt they will make this mandatory for SQL11. I think it will take several versions to phase this in gradually.
I've been coding SQL Server T-SQL this way for years. Having started with IBM's DB2 back in the early 80s and having coded with Oracle from V5 through 10g, which all require semicolons, it was a no-brainer. It also made the porting of code from SQL Server to Oracle a lot easier.
SQL Server has been the "odd" animal for too long.
As I mentioned in your SQL Saturday #67 session:
If the use of semicolons to terminate statements may soon become mandatory, how come they are not automatically included in snippets and templates?
Rand, it's a really good question. I'm afraid for now the answer is simply that Microsoft is saying, "do as I say, not as I do." I've complained about a lot of the code sample practices they've used over the years, but it takes a lot of momentum to make any changes.
Here's another reason to start using semi-colons:
What hapenned to the old mantra of trying to "make life easier for the customer", developers like us, as opposed to Microsoft parser writers?
Microsoft and the SQL comunity is giving-up too easily to the Terminatists, as Bertrand Meyer would put it.
This is a 30 years old debate in language theory and Bertrand Meyer describes it very concisely in his highly regarded book [Object-Oriented Software Construction]. I have the 2nd edition and [The War of the Semicolons] section (pages 897 – 899) describes the four style trends:
• Terminatist: every instruction, declaration or assertion clause ends with a semicolon.
• Separatist: semicolons appear between successive elements but not, for example, after the last declaration of a feature or local clause.
• Moderately Separatist: like the Separatist style, but not worrying about extra semicolons that may appear as a result of habit or of elements being moved from one context to another.
• Discardist: no semicolons at all (except as per the Semicolon Style principle below).
Bertrand Meyer's presentation is entertaining and to the point. Unfortunately, I will have to limit my summary here. Suffice is to say that:
1. He chose (and that was over 25 years ago) to leave the semi-colon optional, as a programmers choice of style. His [Semicolon Syntax rule] states: "Semicolons, as markers to delimit instructions, declarations or assertion clauses, are optional in almost all the positions where they may appear"
2. And to clarify his position, he concludes the section with:
"You should defer to your own taste as long as it is consistent and respects the Semicolon Style principle. (As to this book: for a while I stuck to the original Separatist style, more out of habit than of real commitment; then, hearing the approach of the third millenium and its call to start a new life free of antique superstitions, I removed all the
semicolons over a single night of utter debauchery.)"
And I'm siding with Bertrand Meyer on this one 🙂
If Bertrand Meyer could do it, why can't we have the same in SQL?
Radu, to be fair, Bertrand Meyer did not implement a modern RDBMS where customers scream for new features and also want to carry along all of the old baggage so that their old code does not break. At some point, something has to give – you either have to invent completely meaningless and semantically incorrect keywords or you have to stop adding such features.
That might be true Aaron, and I agree with "something has to give" when it comes to it.
That being said, I much prefer to "Give it five minutes" of thought (http://37signals.com/svn/posts/3124-give-it-five-minutes), when possible. In the case of the semi-colon, the SQL community had decades at their disposal to think about it. The current trend indicates shallowness (not enough people gave it a thorough thought).
Firefighting has its place in the world, but it should be the exception, not the norm. I just don't think it should be our way of leaving.
And, to be fair to Bertrand Meyer, I guess he would have gladly helped but I'm afraid he was dismissed by those in charge at the time …
Sorry if I sound too critical (of the semi-colon); please rest assured this is nothing personal 🙂
Oh it doesn't bother me. If you want to be defiant about using semi-colons. But if you continue using SQL Server, you're not going to have much choice. You can start embracing it now, or just defer that work until later. For me, it's easier to pay that marginal cost now than wait until a major upgrade to suddenly have to fix all that code.
5 years later. Still don't have to use them
Matt while true, you've also added 5 more years of non-future-proof code to your codebase. If this deprecation ever really happens, you're going to be hurting…
Comments are closed.


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Finance for Non-financial ManagersCourse Code: FNFM
Dates: 18 Mar - 22 Mar | 10 Jun - 14 Jun | 9 Sep - 13 Sep | 25 Nov - 29 Nov
Price: £2950 Plus VAT
Duration: 1 Week /s
Course Objective
Take the fear out of finance. Understand business and organisational finance so that you can increase the profitability of the organisation
Who Should Attend?
Managers who would like to understand the financial implication of their day-to-day decisions. This course is suitable for managers with little or no financial knowledge
Prerequisite Courses
Course Overview
Learning Goal
On completing the course delegates should be able to:
Course Materials
Course notes, hand outs

subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome to the Job Searches Blog for www.bestjobtoday.com. This blog will help keep you up to date on employment, resume and job search issues.
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Ferries from 3687 routes and 788 ports worldwide
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Simply show your e-ticket at the ferry port and you're good to go. No need to print anything!
The Bimini Miami ferry route connects Bimini Islands with United States. Currently there is just the 1 ferry company operating this ferry service, FRS Caribbean. The crossing operates up to 8 times each week with sailing durations from around 2 hours.
Bimini Miami sailing durations and frequency may vary from season to season so we'd advise doing a live check to get the most up to date information.
Prices shown represent the average one way price paid by our customers on this route. Prices shown are per person.
Located just fifth miles off the Florida coast, the Bahamian island of Bimini is the country's closest to the United States. Ferry services run four times a week from this beach filled island to Miami with FRS Caribbean.
What's there to see in Bimini?
Big game fishers who get their kicks from chasing the planet's most monstrous sea creatures will know all about the Bimini Islands. The duet of isles on the western fringes of the Bahamas, surrounded on all sides by the deep-blue surf of the North Atlantic Ocean, is widely regarded as one of the best fishing spots in the world, featuring Marlin and Tuna and Barracuda.
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What ferry services leave the island?
Just one ferry route currently operates from the dock in North Bimini four times throughout the week. This route, hosted by FRS Caribbean, sails the short distance west to the city of Miami on the gorgeous coast of Florida.


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Most Funniest Moments In Cricket Of All Time…..Part #2
There were a lot of funny moments you can see in most of the sports. And cricket is one the sports in which most of the funniest things happens. That's why we share a video with you in which you can see the most funniest moments in the cricket.
In this video, you can see that – Initially, there is done some animated work that makes you dying laugh and after that most of the moments come in this video that will make you laugh as more and you can't control on your laughing.
So, check out this video to make you full of uncontrollable laugh……………………. 😀 😀 😀 😀 😀


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Technical Assistance in Indiana: Year 6
Overview of Planned Work
Excellent Educators
This project continues from Year 6 to assist the Indiana Department of Education (IDOE) in implementing the "Supporting Educators" section of the Indiana Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) plan. This section addresses the preparation, recruitment, induction, mentoring, retention, evaluation, and advancement of teachers and principals. It states that, "The IDOE offices of Educator Effectiveness, Educator Licensure, and Educator Preparation strive to build teacher and leader capacity and effectiveness to promote equitable access to excellent educators and positively impact student achievement."
Preparing Indiana Students for the 21st Century Workplace
This project continues from Year 6, when the Great Lakes Comprehensive Center (GLCC) supported the Indiana Department of Education (IDOE) in three distinct areas: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) initiatives; the Indiana Career Explorer (ICE) pilot; and the Employability Skills Framework.
Multitiered Systems of Support (MTSS) Model
This project has advanced from a Year 6 Great Lakes Comprehensive Center (GLCC) project focusing on literacy, Indiana PreK–12 Literacy Framework, into a statewide model for multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS). In Year 6, the Indiana Department of Education (IDOE) literacy team developed the Indiana PreK–12 Literacy Framework to help educators provide quality literacy instruction. IDOE also convened a cross-agency team to develop a statewide model for MTSS to address academic, behavioral, and social-emotional needs in schools. MTSS is part of the Indiana Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) plan, and also part of the IDOE strategic plan. In Year 7, GLCC will provide content expertise, relationship brokering, coaching, and thought partnering to increase IDOE's capacity to support local education agencies (LEAs) in their use of the MTSS model and to support the refinement and implementation of the Indiana PreK–12 Literacy Framework. GLCC will specifically provide this support to the six-school year-long pilot that starts with the opening of the 2018-19 school year. This project will increase IDOE's capacity to lead and collaborate with Indiana school districts, educators, higher education institutions, and stakeholders regarding the literacy framework.
Rural Education Improvement and Support
This project is an outgrowth of the Year 6 Excellent Educators project, in which rural education was one of the embedded initiatives. The Great Lakes Comprehensive Center (GLCC) helped organize and facilitate a series of four meetings of the Indiana Rural School Superintendents' Task Force (IRSTF). IRSTF identified three challenges to address in the 2018-19 school year: educator recruitment and retention, reporting and compliance, and funding equity. In Year 7, GLCC will support IDOE's implementation of the recommendations of the IRSTF report. In partnership with the GTL Center, GLCC will assist IDOE in developing cross-state rural collaboration, focused on grow-your-own (GYO) programs as a strategy to address educator recruitment and retention. This project will support IDOE with implementation of aspects of their ESSA plan related to rural districts. Through this work, IDOE aims to see the average number of teacher vacancies in rural districts decrease and to provide support to rural schools, which drawing on strategies from peers nationwide, can offer a richer and more attractive array of options to students and staff (e.g., benefits, enrichment courses). The ultimate goal is to have students from rural schools have higher achievement rates; experience stable schools with little teacher turnover; and enjoy access to enrichment classes, advanced coursework, and career-technical education options.


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2637 McBain Avenue, Vancouver Listing #: R2400707
Gorgeous SOUTH facing home situated on a large 6300 SF lot located in the most Prestigious, Quite & Exclusive Quilchena area. Over 4200 SF the best designed & luxurious living home features 6 baths, 4 ensuited bdrms upstairs+3 bdrms in basement,11' ceilings on main and basement, custom millwork, wrought iron stairway.Open gourmet kitchen & wok kitchen with high end cabinetry,granite countertops & S/S appliances.The versatile basement features a huge home theater, rec room w/wet bar, A/C, HRV, 3-car garage, security system. Superb location close to Arbutus shopping village, parks & public transportation. Walking distance to Trafalgar Elementary/Prince of Wales Secondary school. Easy access to UBC, downtown, Richmond. DON'T MISS.
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I have a bunch of real world data sets and from manually plotting some of the data in graphs, I've discovered some data sets look pretty much logarithmic and some look linear, or exponential (and some look like a mess :).
I've been reading up on curve fitting / data fitting on wikipedia and if I understand it correctly (which I seriously doubt) I can calculate a curve of best fit using least squares calculations, but I have to determine if I want to have the curve fit a logarithm, linear or exponential (etc) pattern first.
What I would really like to do is to pass a data set into a function (I'm a programmer with poor math skills) and have that return something like "this data set looks more linear than logarithmic" or "this looks exponential".
My question is: is that even possible, without a human looking at a graph and recognizing the pattern ?
My guess is: yes. But before I invest a ton of time in figuring out how to program this, I just want to make sure I'm not barking up the wrong tree and confirm this with you guys if possible.
Sorry if this is a dumb question, but just to be clear, I'm not looking for a how-to answer, just a simple yes or no will do, however if you have suggestions on how to tackle the problem, that would be awesome of course.


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KAY-BEE STANDARD RESPONSE: "All we have is 1990's 'Robocop' toys."WHICH MEANS: "Holy ******* ****, please shoot m
Now we can all start complaining about the Padme figure
I'm gearing up for a bitch-fest on the Padme if she's pre-posed,
this scuplt is actually a good pre-pose
Quote from: Darth_Anton on November 14, 2006, 02:09 PMthis scuplt is actually a good pre-poseso even if the pose looks cool I'll be down on the figure if she can't be posed at least as much as the Droid Factory Chase Padme figure at a minimum.
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We've borrowed the best Mexican flavors and ingredients for this quick scramble. Poblano peppers can vary widely, but in general they have a medium level of spiciness. If you can't find them, green bell peppers can be substituted; to replace the heat of the poblanos, add a minced jalapeno pepper. Make it a Meal: For supper, serve with a side of black beans; for brunch, with eggs and corn tortillas.
Ready In


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On tax: cutting income tax and using higher taxes on gas-guzzling cars and aviation to pay for it.
On domestic security: he promised to fight any new attempts to allow terrorism suspects to be held for up to 90 days without trial. "Terrorism thrives where civil liberties are denied," he said.
On foreign policy: he launched a broadside at Labour's foreign policy, saying Britain's reputation had been tarnished by a foreign policy which was "neither ethical nor effective".
He paid tribute to British troops who have died in action but argued that Iraq was approaching a civil war and Guantanamo Bay stood as an "affront to justice".
"Security is not being gained, it is being lost," he said.
"Terrorism is not being defeated, it is being invigorated. Freedom is not being spread, it is being undermined."
Yes, yes and yes. This is what I want to hear from a politician! Someone who actually seems to have a moral backbone and the balls to tell Bush et al where they can shove their War on
In other news, the UN chief anti-torture expert has reported that the use of torture in Iraq is 'worse than under Saddam'.
The UN report says detainees' bodies often show signs of beating using electrical cables, wounds in heads and genitals, broken legs and hands, electric and cigarette burns.
Bodies found at the Baghdad mortuary "often bear signs of severe torture including acid-induced injuries and burns caused by chemical substances".
Many bodies have missing skin, broken bones, back, hands and legs, missing eyes, missing teeth and wounds caused by power drills or nails, the UN report says.
Victims come from prisons run by US-led multinational forces as well as by the ministries of interior and defence and private militias, the report said.
full article here
So let's see... Three reasons we went to war:
Hmmm... Seems like we're missing something here. Ah yes!
4) To secure the Iraqi oil supply.
They always seem to forget to mention that one...


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The mermaid wedding dress is probably most considered by women who want to show off their curves.
Naturally this is due to the simple fact that its silhouette follows the bodies curves from top to bottom. A true mermaid, also known as a trumpet wedding gown, will start in a conformed sheath from shoulders to either slightly above or below the knees at which point it will flair out with a fuller skirt.
This dramatic look is for the bride that exudes confidence and also wants be sexy on her big day. Even though you should have a slender body type to wear this cut, even brides with fuller figures look good in this dress as long as they look for other features that must be added to this style.
If you have a slender figure and want to show off your shape, a mermaid dress is a great way to make a dramatic and sexy presentation. But simply be aware that if you are not confident, then no wedding dress, no matter how carefully chosen will give you that presence. Mermaid wedding dresses are definitely for the confident bride.
Whether you have a fuller figure or one that is on the slender side, undergarments for the mermaid wedding dress are extremely imperative. Because this style is so close to your skin, an ill fitting undergarment can turn that beautiful and sexy wedding gown into a total disaster. Make sure that if you are wearing any type of supportive underwear that it fits well and doesn't bind or pinch. A slip is completely necessary with this style, as it should hide any panty lines that might show through.


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The single most import skill in growing a healthy Bonsai is Watering. Bonsai Master Nobuyuki Kajiwara often says:
"Watering Bonsai is 50% of the Art of Bonsai, it is also the most difficult to learn."
This statement at first may seem a rather bold and difficult to grasp, but if you step back and look at the importance of water in a Bonsai's health and vitality you will see how true it is.
Bonsai need water to survive, without water it will die; this is a plain and irrefutable fact.
Beginners to Bonsai often have no difficulty understanding this. However, one often forgets or ignores the fact that excess water will just as easily kill a bonsai as no water at all. It is these seemingly contradictory "capabilities" of water that needs to be understood if one is to be able to success fully grow Bonsai.
Plant Water Relations
Perhaps the best place to start is with understanding the role that water plays in a plants physiological well being. We will take a little science detour to help us better understand this finely balanced relationship.
In terrestrial rooted plants (as bonsai are) practically all of the water which enters a plant is absorbed from the soil by the roots. The water absorbed is to all parts of the plant by osmosis. The water also carries nutrients dissolved in the water, this concoction, or Sap, distributes vital nutrients around the trees. The water while carrying raw nutrients up the tree also helps distributes nutrients that are made by the leaves and photosynthesis.
The make up of a plant is approximately 55-85% water by weight. Water not only helps with translocation of nutrients also helps with its turgidity. In stem and leafs the percentage of water is between 70-90%. Often the first signs of water scarcity is flaccidity occurs in stems and leafs leading to them droop. Prolonged water scarcity can affect photosynthesis.
Water enter the plant through the younger parts of the roots, the area just behind the root tip, by hundreds of root hairs which are just projections of the epidermal. The fine root hairs greatly increase the surface area exposed to the water in the soil, making it easier for the water to enter the roots through the fine membrane by osmosis. Osmosis which is just water moving from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration through fine membranes. These root hairs are short lived and are being constantly replaced.
Once inside the root tips the water is moved through a series of supporting cell into the water transporting vessel the xylem. The xylem are long, narrow, hollow tubes containing no living material and joined end to end to provide a continuous pathway from the roots through the stem and to the leaves. Water moves up the xylem from root tips to leaf tips. Excess water is then lost to the atmosphere through transpiration. The rate of transpiration is regulated by stomata little window like cells which closes and opens in response to temperature and carbon build up in the leaf. In most plants about 98% of the water taken in by the roots is transpired from the leaves' surfaces. It has been proved that the transpiration of water from the leaves greatly aids in the pressure required to move the water up the xylem, this study of this is beyond the scope of this article but is commonly referred to as transpiration-pull theory and sometimes also called the cohesion theory.
The leaves use some of the water and nutrients along with Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and from the atmosphere and sun energy to photosynthesis a host of Organic molecules such as sugars mainly sucrose and some amino acids and certain hormones. The concoction of organic molecules and even some even messenger RNAs are transported by the phloem through a series of sieve tube elements from leaf tips back to stems, branch, trunk and roots which use the sap concoction to build mass and grow.
Watering and Bonsai
Now that we have a better understanding of how plants use and need water we should better be able to water it.
The most important thing to remember is that a Bonsai is Pot bound it is entirely dependent on you for it water needs. Without you watering it, it will definitely not do well and will soon die.
Primarily how you water a Bonsai is essentially defined by the species of the Bonsai, and to some extent the area that your Bonsai is being grown in. Despite these differences there are a few practical practices that will ensure that you are watering your Bonsai properly.
One caveat to mention is that proper watering as always starts with having an appropriate potting/growing medium for you Bonsai. This is discussed in more detail elsewhere on the website in detail but suffice it to say that in practice the best bonsai growing mediums even the ones that hold on to water for longer are well drained and free flowing. This ensures that while water is held in the soil in required quantities there is also ample amount of air (oxygen) in the soil.
Does my Bonsai need watering?
Recognising when your Bonsai needs water is a key skill in growing healthy Bonsai. To determine if your bonsai need water there are a few simple check you can undertake:
- Check to see if the surface of the soil on your bonsai pot is dry. Usually the soil is a lot lighter in colour then when it is dry.
- You can try lifting the bonsai; if it needs watering, is will feel much lighter.
- You may also be able to determine if the soil is dry just by pressing your palm on it. If it feels damp to the touch then it does not need to be watered.
- Other sign to look out for are drooping stems and leaves. If you see these most definitely need to water the bonsai.
- During the summer season if you notice the pot have dried out by mid-day water your bonsai at mid day; if it has dried out by late afternoon, water the bonsai; if by evening it has dried out that is ideal, as the soil will be able to breath during the night, and the in take of water during the night when no photosythesis is taking place is minimal.
- Remember to let the surface soil dry out before watering else you bonsai may suffer from root rot as a consequence of being by being constantly water logged.
When to water?
The idea of watering is to ensure that it there is enough water for its transpiration process. It stands to reason that the best time to water a tree is in the morning when the tree starts the days' photosynthesis. Providing water early morning ensures that the tree has fresh supply of water and that the water that is supplied also has a fresh supply of oxygen dissolved in it. The flow of excess water from the top of the soil out through the bottom of the pot helps draw fresh air into the root ball; this expels the stale air from the soil and helps keep it healthy and vibrant.
The trouble with watering the plants in the evening is that as the water is not immediately used by the plant; the roots invariably tend to stand in water overnight. This can sometimes lead to the fine roots drowning and even rotting and eventually root rot setting in. So as a practice it is advisable to avoid watering regularly in the evening.
During summer periods you may find that you need to water your pots twice a day; I find it better to water the plants late afternoon early evening. Watering around this time ensure that during the long summer days when there will still be a lot of photosynthesis and transpiration happing during the long day-light hours which ensures that excess water in the pots are used and as such there is less chance of water logging and root rot.
How to Water
While to the novice this question seems quite trivial, one soon begins to appreciate that it is critical skill and can in-fact can make the difference between an exhibition grade bonsai and a dead bonsai.
An old Japanese Bonsai saying teaches us to water three times; "Once for the pot, once for the soil and once for the roots."
In practice; the first pass of the fine spray shower is used to saturate the soil surface, the second pass ensures that there is enough to saturate the soil in the pot, and finally the third pass ensuring that there is enough there for the plants it self to use.
Figure A depicts a pot that needs watering. Most "bonsai" soils when dry are lighter in shade than when they are wet.
You use a first pass of watering to saturate the surface soils (Figure B). If you do not use a "first pass" to saturate the soil surface, the water just flows of the surface, and out of the pot.
The "second pass" ensures that the soils in the pot is properly saturated (Figure C). Here depicted by the soil colour becoming darker.
The "third pass" ensures that there is some addition water in the pot for the bonsai use (Figure D).
With practice you will see that you can vary the passes required. I find that I can move between 1 and 5 passes, depending on weather conditions, season of the years and even dryness of the pot.
If you have a collection of bonsai them you will do well to remember that each bonsai has it own requirement so best to water each pot individually, as per its requirements, resist the temptation to water all your bonsai as just one mass of plants.
Watering problems
Being able to recognise watering problems early can help you take corrective action and ensure that lasting damage to your bonsai is avoided.
More often than not over watering is more a symptom of poor soil drainage. Look out for growth of liverwort and algae developing on the soil surface. Remove liverwort as soon as you notice it and regulate your watering to compensate. You may need to re-pot and use a more free draining soil.
It is advisable to follow a routine while watering – but remember only water if the bonsai pot needs it.
Under watering is often easier to notice as there are more dramatic and visible very physical signs. Dried leafs, crisp leafs dead stems and more. The trouble is that these signs invariably mean that significant damage has already been done. You can however, train yourself to start looking for earlier sign, like flaccid and limp stems and leafs. On some species this is very visible on others species you may need to feel/brush you fingers against the leaves looking for turgidity.
Here the tree, which are usually the first signs of lack of water. In the summer months if you notice your pot drying out before the evening, make sure you use extra watering passes to saturate the soil in the pot.
If the soil is clogged or the pot root bound you may find it beneficial to occasionally soak the bonsai pot in a bucket of water. Soak the pot till you see no more air bubbles rise from the soil in the pot.
Salt imbalances
Most of us water our bonsai with tap water. Tap water in most systems is treated with a mixture of Salts (Sodium carbonates) solutions to make the water to remove the acidity of treated water. This alkalinity of the water helps to protect the water distribution network. However, prolonged watering with the tap water increases the total dissolved salt value (TDS), which in turn affects the roots effectiveness in absorbing water as osmotic imbalances occur. Regular applications of use of Gypsum (calcium sulphate) can help with washing away excess salts and return a balance to the pots (use as advised by manufacture).
In summary:


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Have used these guys twice now and could not expect a better service. Two different electricians on both occasions, both were polite, friendly punctual explained every thing in a very easy to understand fashion and were obviously top quality tradesmen. Would not hesitate using them again or recommend them to my friends.
Anthony S.


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The Results Of Being Overweight
Being overweight is no laughing matter. For those who are obese, it often starts as a young child. Unaware that he or she has done something wrong, the child will be teased mercilessly until one day, they will cry themselves to sleep at night wondering what they could have done to prevent this horrible thing from happening to them. Being overweight is not a choice, but often times can be an inherited disease. While for many people, even those who inherit it can recover from it, it is a painful road. There are many results to being overweight. There are many things that can happen to individuals who are or become overweight. In any case, it is sad, hard to deal with, and regrettably often a deadly condition.
First of all, let us talk about the conditions of this little child who was teased for so many days while at school. He or she did not cause themselves to be in the condition they are in. Many are active in sports, playing, and other actives. It is simply the way they have always been. But, what happens to them is what the problem is. Being teased and ridiculed in an environment that is supposed to be healthy can in fact be worse than being overweight themselves. Their weight has caused irrevocable scars on their emotions, on their souls. They will be the ones who struggle with weight their entire lives because they have built up a hatred for those who have done this to them. It is one of the hardest circumstances to deal with.
Now, let us talk about how we could have helped this child to succeed in weight loss. The good news is that more and more parents and teachers are seeing the need to help out. Instead of allowing children in this circumstance to be ridiculed, we need to find a way to help. Teaching proper eating habits and insuring the necessary exercise is received is one of the first steps we can do. Before the pain starts and becomes damage, we need to stop it and protect the child through helping him or her lose the weight.
For older people, the consequences of being overweight are much more devastating than this. They are life threatening. For those who spend their entire lives over weight, they will be more likely to develop conditions like heart disease and other organ failures. Think of it this way. Your heart can only work so hard before it can't work any harder. The larger the body is, the more it has to pump and work. Being obese or overweight makes it work harder. While you may not realize it, this does take a tremendous toll on the body, leaving the person in dire straits.
In this situation, weight loss must be obtained. For those who are severely overweight, the solutions may be harder to come by. For many people who are overweight, they simply are physically unable to exercise. It causes them to be too tired because it taxes the heart and muscles just too much. So, if you can't exercise what can you do? First of all, you start by eating correctly. The bad foods, such as fatty, calorie rich foods need to be eliminated. Not only do these foods make you maintain or gain weight but they are loaded with cholesterol and fat that can clog up the heart making either condition that much worse.
Then, the person will need to begin an exercise regimen. This could be just small, simple exercises at first. When combined with eating the right foods in the right amounts, even this small amount of exercise can be beneficial. It is hard work, no matter what, but it is necessary work nonetheless. Increasing the amount of exercise as the person is able is the next step. Slowly but surely they will be able to get in the amounts of exercise they need.
Yet another solution to weight loss is weight loss surgery. This should be the last step to losing weight, though, as it is one of the most life altering things you can do. You can actually not make it through the surgery either. But, what it is, is a process by which doctors shrink the size of the stomach. This allows you to not be able to eat nearly as much causing you to lose weight.
Weight loss in all stages of life can be effective in many means. By no means are we telling you that the most beneficial weight loss is not diet and exercise. But, using herbal remedies, different diet plans, and using different types of eating plans can in fact help people as well. There are many solutions that can work, it is a matter of finding one and sticking with it to make it work.
What are the results of being overweight then? The emotional scars are one of the most painful to deal with. This can in turn lead to more emotional problems and often helps to increase the condition because people end up hiding behind their weight problem. Simply not dealing with it is easier. But, the most life threatening results of being overweight are those that we need to concern ourselves with. The most abused organ in our bodies is the heart. The foods we eat, the physical condition our body is in, and the emotional state of our mind all effects how the heart works. The worse we treat it, the worse weight loss will affect our lives.
So, what do we do, then to dig out of this road of weight? It is by far one of the most challenging aspects of our lives, but somehow we must find within ourselves the will power and the determination to make the weight loss a reality. Dieting, exercising, supplements can all help to accomplish this goal. No matter what, we must find it within ourselves to solve this problem for ourselves and for our children. Or, we may not be here to love our families or to live our lives. Weight loss just has to happen. The results are catastrophic otherwise.
Hilda Maria is a freelance writer with 5 children who knows the importance of a balanced diet for them. She enjoys providing useful knowledge about weight loss and exercise to her readers as well as to her children.
Five Tips for Easy Weight Loss!
Weight loss is a hot topic among people today, especially considering the fact that more than half of us are overweight. As we get older we often get busier, and before we know it, find ourselves in the prime of our lives and packing a few extra pounds.
Negative Calorie Effect in Foods
Negative Calorie Effect in FoodsWhatever food we eat, our body has to work hard to digest it and absorb. Some foods need more energy than the others in the process of digestion.
4 Tips for Fast Fat Loss Part I
Fat Loss Tip #1) Train With WeightsWorking out with weights when trying to lose body fat has numerous important benefits. First, an intense weight training session burns calories during the actual workout.
Empower Your Shopping Experience
Healthy living begins with healthy eating and healthy eating begins with healthy shopping..
Weight Loss Problems? Are You on the Path of Delusion, Depression, and Destruction?
Are you weighted down with delusion, depression and on the verge of destruction because of your weight?Am I missing something here? If I am someone please email me and tell me. But, the shape of you and America tells me I am not missing the boat at all.
Pick Up Your Pen and Lose Weight!
Although every dieter knows that keeping food records is a key to permanent weight loss, few understand the importance of also keeping an "emotional journal."�� In fact, one dieter lost 100 pounds, thanks in part to the insights gained through daily journaling.
Breaking Research: Whats a Dieter To Do?
Every day, it seems, a new study pertaining to weight loss or nutrition is released to the public. These studies tout the latest and greatest trends, products or discoveries and then a willing public jumps on the bandwagon expecting mighty results.
Weight Loss Myths Exposed
As a weight loss coach I speak will people regularly about their view and beliefs surrounding food and nutrition. It probably won't come as a surprise to hear there is a great deal of confusion around nutrition.
How to Find Your Ideal Body Weight Part II
Body Mass Index (BMI)Body Mass Index is an accurate indicator of surplus body fat than kilos or pounds. It is a mathematical ratio of height to weight that can be linked with body composition (or body fat percentage) and with indices of health risk.
Gastric Bypass Surgery - Weighing The Risks of Obesity Weight Loss Surgery
RISING POPULARITYGastric bypass surgery has become a popular surgical procedure in the last 5 years as a radical option for clinically obese patients to manage weight loss. During this time several notable celebrities have undergone this procedure such as Carnie Wilson, Al Roker, ? and ?.
7 Useful Tips That Will Help You Lose Weight
1. Increase your fiber intake.
Weight Loss Woes
Weight loss is an issue that affects men and women alike. Children, particularly young girls, are also starting to think about weight loss at younger and younger ages.
Help for Sugar Cravings
Many people have asked me what foods they should eat in order to cut down on the sugar cravings. And in the past I've always had to say "I don't know.
Why Do You Say You Want To Lose Weight?
How many of your New Year's resolution start out with "I want to lose x amount of pounds" as if just saying it were some kind of magic mantra.As if the weight would just fall off, in response to the spoken words!Why do we not want to pay the price for anything? Gaining weight is not an overnight effect and it will NOT be reversed overnight.
Fire Your Diet
*Do you truly believe that not eating or cutting back on calories will cause weight to be lost?*Guess what you are correct -You Heard Me, the WEIGHT will come off.**In 9-12 weeks you could lose those 25 lbs.
Tracking the Elusive Calorie - Weight Loss Tips
Why Making Small Changes in Your Eating Habits Adds up to Big Results in Your Weight Loss EffortsFirst, get started by tracking your eating for at least a week or more. I carry a little purse sized notebook and just jot down what I eat during the day.
Top 5 Reasons Why Women Over 30 Dont Lose Weight And Keep It Off
Have you heard about it lately? Everywhere you look, women over 30 can find one hundred excuses for not being able to lose weight and keep it off.Blame it on your thyroid, cortisol, menopause, your hectic lifestyle or even your genes.
Getting Through the Holidays Without Gaining Weight
Now that the holiday season is here, holiday foods and meals take center stage. And this is as it should be.
Low-Carb Diets: Are You Losing More than Weight?
The average American eats about twice as much protein than what they require. Some people, in the pursuit of thinness, are going on low-carb diets and are eating up to four times the protein their body needs.
Common Sense Exercise: Weight Loss Solutions for the Common Man or Woman
Diet and Exercise. They are the inseparable twins that are seen and heard everywhere.
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About the book:
One young man is about to discover the true cost of independence
For years, Doug Anderson has been drifting slowly but steadily away from both his family and his faith. His parents have been trying to reach him before he falls too far. His friend Christina hopes what she is seeing online isn't true. But sometimes you have to hit bottom before you're ready to grow up.
Just as things begin to settle down a bit, Doug's life takes a turn that requires every bit of faith and patience for both his family and Christina--whose growing feelings for Doug, a man who writes her off as not worth his time, keep her off balance. Will Doug's crisis finally clear his vision and help him focus on what he has right in front of him?
My review:
I really enjoyed this finale to the series! It was interesting to see what goes on in too many Christian families, a child goes off to college and starts drifting from what they know is right. I liked seeing what Doug was thinking and how a wild friend could influence someone's decisions. I also liked the many viewpoints, from Doug's parents to Doug to Christina, a girl who cares about him but knows he doesn't feel that way about her. We even get to see more of Doug's sister Michele's story, as her and Allan are still trying to adopt. This story worked fine as a stand-alone, but I would definitely recommend reading the other books first as you can see how far this family has come from where they were two years ago. The change in Jim, the dad, is especially amazing, though he's not perfect! I thought the way the Prodigal Son story from the Bible tied in was great and I really appreciated the new insights into it I haven't heard before. It was inspiring to see how Jim and Marilyn tried to treat Doug and also tried to trust God that their child would return home. There's a little bit of romance as Christina starts dating someone but is still drawn to Doug. This whole series had a lot of great advice and Godly wisdom for how to treat your spouse and children, all wrapped up in an interesting story. I definitely recommend it!
I received this book free from Revell in exchange for an honest review.


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Click on any standard to search for aligned resources. This data may be subject to copyright. You may download a CSV of the Alabama Learning Standards for Mathematics if your intention constitutes fair use.
Plan, assess, and analyze learning aligned to these standards using Kiddom.
Learn more: How Kiddom Empowers Teachers.
Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions.
Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions of the form x2=p and x3=p, where p is a positive rational number. Evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. Know that 2 is irrational.
Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other.
Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology.
Graph proportional relationships, interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the graph. Compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways.
Use similar triangles to explain why the slope m is the same between any two distinct points on a non-vertical line in the coordinate plane; derive the equation y = mx for a line through the origin and the equation y = mx + b for a line intercepting the vertical axis at b.
Solve linear equations in one variable.
Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. Show which of these possibilities is the case by successively transforming the given equation into simpler forms until an equivalent equation of the form x = a, a = a, or a = b results (where a and b are different numbers).
Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients, including equations whose solutions require expanding expressions, using the distributive property and collecting like terms.
Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
Understand that solutions to a system of two linear equations in two variables correspond to points of intersections of their graphs because points of intersection satisfy both equations simultaneously.
Solve systems of two linear equations in two variables algebraically, and estimate solutions by graphing the equations. Solve simple cases by inspection.
Solve real-world and mathematical problems leading to two linear equations in two variables.
Understand that a function is a rule that assigns to each input exactly one output. The graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs consisting of an input and the corresponding output. (Function notation is not required in Grade 8.)
Compare properties of two functions, each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
Interpret the equation y = mx + b as defining a linear function whose graph is a straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear.
Construct a function to model a linear relationship between two quantities. Determine the rate of change and initial value of the function from a description of a relationship or from two (x,y) values, including reading these from a table or from a graph. Interpret the rate of change and initial value of linear function in terms of the situation it models and in terms of its graph or a table of values.
Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph (e.g., where the function is increasing or decreasing, linear or nonlinear). Sketch a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function that has been described verbally.
Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and translations:
Lines are taken to lines, and line segments are taken to line segments of the same length.
Angles are taken to angles of the same measure.
Parallel lines are taken to parallel lines.
Understand that a two-dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them.
Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates.
Understand that a two-dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar two-dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.
Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal, and the angle-angle criterion for similarity of triangles.
Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse.
Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in real-world and mathematical problems in two and three dimensions.
Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between two points in a coordinate system.
Know the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders, and spheres, and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal expansion which repeats eventually into a rational number.
Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions (e.g., 2).
Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.
Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.
Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept.
Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two-way table. Construct and interpret a two-way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects. Use relative frequencies calculated for rows or columns to describe possible association between the two variables.


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This past summer I became a successful applicant to the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center Internship Challenge. I was given the opportunity to perform research at Constellation Pharmaceuticals, a mid-sized company based in Cambridge.
I worked on several projects during my 11 weeks at the company. One of my main projects
consisted of determining the dosage efficacy of compounds that inhibit proteins involved in
breast cancer proliferation pathways. I was interested in seeing synergistic effects between our
target molecule and its effect on the PI3K-AKT pathway in breast cancer. I looked at protein
expression levels in certain modified-histone sites that are known to induce tumor growth in
mouse xenograft tumor lysates and lymphoma cell lines. I also looked at BRCA1 protein
expression levels in cells treated with several inhibitory drugs.
This experience allowed me to gain several useful biochemical techniques as well as learn more
about science that I was previously unaware of. I was able to improve my cell culture techniques,
perform protein estimation, practice qPCR assays, learn the AlphaLISA assay and effectively
manage my time accordingly. I also attended weekly journal clubs, departmental meetings,
cancer research conferences, worked with a team of distinguished scientists, read primary
literature and produced and presented a final research assignment.
I would highly recommend this program to anyone who is interested in fully immersing
themselves in a competitive and educational experience like the MLSC Internship Challenge can


text: Share: Comments Print February 26, 2015 at 10:22 AM Women's Hoops Blog has moved Posted by Jayda Evans With the launch of our website redesign, our blogs have moved. We'll still be posting Women's Basketball news and analysis, but now you'll find it all in the College Sports channel. Same content as always, just a different home for it. You can leave feedback about the site changes here. Comments


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If you know how to create article videos, submitting them to YouTube is a very fast and easy way to possibly get on the first page in Google.
Creating article videos is just a matter of converting an article into a video and that process is really pretty simple. It only takes just a few easy steps! Still, not many marketers take advantage of this excellent option, yet with YouTube marketing you can rank quite high for real competitive terms!
Of course the success of using article videos strongly depends on the keywords you are targeting. A lot of them just are too competing.
For many other phrases it might take a little while to get there. If that happens, you should start building a couple of nice links to it, just like you would any other article. In the end, this is a great way to try and get your keyword onto the first page of Google.
To create article videos, you first want to download OpenOffice. This software is completely free and contains a text editor, spreadsheet and presentation manager.
It's a huge file, but well worth the time to install it on your computer and play with it.
First, we're going to use OpenOffice Impress to create a presentation of an article. Here's an outstanding tutorial that shows you how to do that.
Photo Credit: fletchy182
Next, experiment with Impress a bit, until you have a professional looking template that is not too fancy. Try to keep it simple, but professional.
Create your presentation by using short sentences or paragraphs in each slide. Leave a lot of space and give the reader time to read the slides.
End with your byline containing a URL for more information. Don't forget this, as generating traffic is the secondary goal for article videos.
Next, were going to make our article video. I use GFX Video Writer, but you can also download a free program called Jing.
Again, a huge program, but well worth the time to experiment with it. Here's a great tutorial that shows you how to create article videos.
Once you have Jing installed and running, just play your presentation while Jing is recording. You can make it more professional by clicking the URL in your article that sends you over to your website.
Save that file. You now have a professional YouTube video that you can upload today. Make sure you use your keyword in the YouTube title and description. Be as descriptive as possible.
YouTube videos often rank on the first page of Google, so you should consider YouTube as part of your marketing strategy.
What is described above makes this possible. It just takes some time to get used to both software programs. If you'd rather use an easy to use software that converts articles into videos in just a few clicks check out Instant video articles.
So, that's how I use article videos to get on the first page of Google.
What's your take on the topic? Do you use article videos?
Post your comments below.
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11 things to consider when choosing your LMS
Learn what criteria you need to consider when choosing an LMS.
How to choose the right LMS
Choosing the right LMS for your organisation can be a long and stressful process, with a number of different factors influencing your decision.
There are around 600 known LMSs on the market, each with their own strengths and qualities, so choosing the right one to suit your needs can be an overwhelming task.
That's why we've written a guide that highlights 11 key things to consider, including:
- Usability for learners and administrators
- Price and cost
- Access to a demo


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In 2013, we undertook a one-off project to capture the size, diversity and economic importance of the trucking industry by presenting a broad collection of relevant data from as wide a variety of sources as we could identify. That first "Trucking by the Numbers" was a project that took months of research, analysis and simple hard work, but it proved so popular that we quickly decided to make it an annual event. "Trucking By the Numbers 2016" — our fourth installment—is our longest report yet, filling 17 pages with statistically based information drawn from an expanded pool of sources.
Despite the amount of research involved, what follows is not intended to be the type of focused study produced by the industry's many professional and academic analysts, nor does it offer the comprehensive databases collated by government agencies. Once you start looking through those sources, you can quickly become overwhelmed by a flood of data arrayed in almost every format imaginable for presenting numbers-based information. Trees, not the forest, become the dominate view, which is useful if you need to focus on a single subject but frustrating if you're looking for a more complete picture.
To see the individual graphics, click on the following links for:
Our goal is to paint a broader view of the landscape by picking and choosing from all that available data the information that fosters a basic understanding of trucking as an essential industry at the core of our economy. As we dug through what at times seemed like a limitless universe of statistical sources, we used one simple but very effective yardstick: Would this piece give someone a better understanding of the trucking industry, its strengths, its problems, its future?
Using that same yardstick, we've created charts, graphs, databases and infographics that identify touchpoints in trucking's historical performance, in its current operations, and in projections for its future. Some of the items complement one another, while others offer insights by offering juxtaposing perspectives. Recognizing that such a large mass of numbers-based items can seem unwieldly, we've also organized the information into general categories to make it easier to navigate.
While sources are provided for each individual item, we should also offer a general thanks to the many different groups and organizations that provided the raw material for this year's report. The Depts. of Transportation, Labor, Commerce and Energy all maintain deep databases that touch on trucking in one way or another. And while that information is often buried deep within jargon-laced repositories, the various agencies within the departments have made great strides in allowing easier online access to the vast trove of public access.
As in past years, WardsAuto.com provided what is the industry-accepted standard data on truck production and sales, and EquipmentWatch offered us expanded visibility into used-truck prices.
Other sources included DAT Solutions' rate databases, TMW's 2015 Transportation and Logistics Study, the Council of Supply Chain Management Professional's 2016 Annual State of Logistics Report, TRIP's The Interstate Highway System Turns 60, Athena/Vigillo's CSA databases, market research from Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems, and the American Transportation Research Institute.


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Our unique services help you make the best choices for using buses, trains and trams in Greater Manchester. Come and talk to us about using local public transport. We're independent of any public transport company, so we'll always help you make the right choice.
Pick up free leaflets, maps and timetables and buy
An extensive range of tickets that can be used on bus, train and tram services including the full range of System One Travelcards season tickets. Tickets that start when you choose - buy them up to 2 days in advance.
Metrolink tram season tickets.
National Express coach tickets (except Manchester Piccadilly).
National Holidays coach holidays.
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Fitness of the transgenic malaria-refractory mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Ladner, Deborah Tillman
Hawthorne, David J
MetadataShow full item record
The African mosquito Anopheles gambiae is the insect vector responsible for half of worldwide malaria infections. One option for reducing malaria is genetic manipulation of the vector. By creating transgenic mosquitoes incapable of spreading the malaria pathogen, the human-mosquito-human cycle of infection may be interrupted. In order for the engineered Plasmodium-refractory mosquitoes to be effective they need to be able to thrive in nature and to compete successfully with nontransformed conspecifics. Two lines of transgenic An. gambiae were used in this study to evaluate the fitness consequences of transgenesis in this insect. Life table characteristics of two transformed An. gambiae lines were compared to a control line to determine if fitness costs were present. Specific traits measures between transgenic and control mosquitoes were not significantly different, and the transgenic lines had no evidence of position effects.


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A true Rosemary Beach masterpiece custom built in 2012 by Galvas Construction and designed by A Boheme Design. This truly is the epitome of luxury living in 30A's most exclusive beach community and no attention to detail has been overlooked in this home. Step inside and explore the elegant upgrades, including a ''one-of-a-kind'' custom color-matched Viking range, Linenfold hand-carved teak doors imported from India , hand-scraped oak wood floors and stairs, solid bronze stair railings, cast bronze door handles, Venetian Plaster walls, a majestic Groin Vault ceiling, exposed Pecky Cypress columns and beams, 1 1/4'' thick Travertine slab flooring on the main level, and Quartzite countertops in the kitchen. As you enter the residence from the foyer, you are greeted to a dynamic open-living concept and a flood of natural light from the floor-to-ceiling windows. The living room is centered around the gas fireplace and can comfortably accommodate 8 people. Take a moment to relish the oversized chef's kitchen, complete with full line of Viking appliances, custom oak cabinetry, a stocked wet bar and an offset butler pantry. The dining room expands seamlessly into the outside courtyard through a run of French Doors, where a private fountain pool and summer kitchen help you play host to friends and family. Ascend to the 2nd floor of the residence on your private elevator, and enter in to a large media room with a wrap-around porch and amazing views of the Gulf of Mexico. Here on the 2nd floor, there are two private guest suites with en-suite baths, one of which can double as a secondary master bedroom. There is also a custom bunk room and guest bedroom that share a Jack-and-Jill bath. Off this 2nd floor master, discover another large covered porch that opens to the courtyard patio and pool where you can relax the afternoon away in privacy. The true master suite awaits you on the 3rd floor, with "His-and-Hers" walk-in closets, and an oversized master bath complete with a soaking tub. And, don't overlook the private office on this level, in case work beckons while you're away from the jobsite. This spectacular home also has a detached 660 sqft, two-story carriage house designed by Bobby McAlpine. Your guests will totally enjoy the full kitchen and bath, a one bed loft, plus their own privacy deck perfect for enjoying morning coffee or an evening glass of wine. This main home has never been rented but has annual rental projections well over $300K annually from Rosemary Beach Cottage Rental Company. Rosemary Beach is a planned community, developed in the West Indies design style and features 9 private beach walkovers, 4 community pools, one of which is heated seasonally. Owners here also enjoy access to the "Owner's Only Pool" and priority access to special events hosted here in town. There is also add-on experiences such as a membership to the Fitness Center and/or the Tennis Center.
Listing courtesy of Keller Williams Realty SRB.


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Why Do You Burn Incense?
this answer will naturally change according to culture and style
sure, all incense lovers just Love The Fragrance!
…yet there is an array of other reasons why we burn incense
We offer the Sacred Scents to the Divine
We enjoy the Healing Aromas of The Scent
We meditate…
Do comment on this Post and Share Your Ideas on
Why Do You Burn Incense?


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Biodiversity: Mediterranean in hot water
Hundreds of scientists have put together the first comprehensive study of the state of the world's seas, from the Arctic through the tropics to the Antarctic, and come to an alarming verdict: the Mediterranean is the most endangered sea on the planet.
The threats are legion. Habitat destruction, rampant overfishing, contamination, global warming, massive runoff of agricultural fertilisers and inpouring sewage are taking their toll on 17,000 species that inhabit this sea. "And these threats will probably grow in future, especially the ones associated with climate change and habitat degradation," according to one of the study coordinators, Marta Coll, a researcher at theInstitute of Marine Sciences(ICM) in Barcelona.
Havoc in the Mediterranean
And there are more dangers lurking. According to the new study, which is part of an international project to compile a Census of Marine Life, an army of over 600 alien species have invaded the Mediterranean. Over half of them are from the Red Sea, they enter through the Suez Canal. Another 22% of the invaders arrive by boat from other regions of the world. And one in ten invasive species is a fish farm escapee.
It is hard to forecast the havoc these invaders may wreak in the Mediterranean. The authors of the study, which came out today in the magazine PLoS ONE, recall the case of the jellyfish Mnemiopsis leidyi: it reached European waters by boat from the northeast Atlantic and, by 2009, had expanded its domain from Israel to Spain. In the 1980s, this medusa ravaged the Black Sea, causing a collapse in the anchovy populations and severe economic losses.
Most endangered species are corals
Many of these invasive species come from tropical seas and thrive in the warming waters of the Mediterranean. Over the course of the 1980s, the temperature at sea surface along the Mediterranean coast ranged from 16.25°C in the western waters to 22.75 degrees over in the east. At any rate, the scientists predict that by around 2050 the temperature will exceed 24°C in some areas, says Bhavani Narayanaswamy, European spokeswoman for the Marine Life Census.
"Some of the most endangered Mediterranean species are corals from deep, cold waters. There is no way for them to escape the warming water, so their populations are shrinking," laments Narayanaswamy, who fears "local extinctions" in the offing. "Never before have so many species been studied over such a large geographic area. This work should alert policymakers," hopes one author of the study, biologist Daniel Oro, from the Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies in the Balearic Islands.
75% of deep-sea species still unknown
The Horizon 2020 initiativestarted up by the European Commission four years ago is the closest thing to any large-scale effort to save the Mediterranean. Its aim is ambitious: to drastically beat back the contamination. The figures from the EU executive itself show the daunting magnitude of the challenge. Over 140 million people live on the Mediterranean coasts, and another 175 million regularly visit the region every year. In 2025, half the Mediterranean coast will be urbanised, buried in cement. According to the Commission, 80% of the pressures on marine organisms stem from terra firma. More than half the urban centres with a population of over 100,000 lack sewage treatment plants. And 60% of the plants empty directly into the sea.
Narayanaswamy is sceptical about the project's prospects: "I'm not sure reducing runoff from industry, agriculture and urban developments will restore the Mediterranean ecosystem to what it was." To co-author Josep María Gasol from the ICM in Barcelona, "The most surprising thing was to find we don't know anything." The new Marine Life Census figures put the number of identified marine species in the Mediterranean Basin at 17,000, almost double the previous estimates. But 75% of the deep-sea species are still unknown – and could disappear without anyone's sounding the alert.


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Professional Staff - Hall Director
NDSU Hall Director Position
Thank you for your interest in the Hall Director position within the Department of Residence Life at North Dakota State University. The Hall Director position is very comprehensive and will be a significant step in your professional development. The recruitment guide was developed to give you information about the Department of Residence Life, as well as NDSU. More importantly, its intent is to give you a look at who we are.
Agents for Social Change and Equality
As NDSU continues to grow and attract a wider array of students, it is exciting time for proactive changes with our facilities and programs. Both are being updated with inclusion and equity as core considerations. As you consider whether NDSU is the right place for you, know that transformation provides many opportunities for you to grow and develop in your professional career. With that, we are seeking to hire a quality and diverse staff who will understand that our number one value is to "connect students with people who care." We expect that you get to know your residents and serve them in a way that teaches each individual to grow and learn. For more information on our commitment to students in this area, please click here.
When available, Hall Director applications may be completed here.


text: Main Content Act 180 of 1897 friendly link Printer Friendly bills affecting index and updates Search within this Statute for ISSUANCE OF MARRIAGE LICENSE WITHOUT PUBLICITYAct 180 of 1897AN ACT to provide for the issuance of marriage licenses and certificates without publicity in certain cases; and to provide criminal and civil penalties for violation of this act. History: 1897, Act 180, Eff. Aug. 30, 1897 ;-- Am. 1983, Act 199, Imd. Eff. Nov. 7, 1983 © 2017 Legislative Council, State of MichiganThe People of the State of Michigan enact: DocumentTypeDescription Section 551.201SectionIssuance of marriage license without publicity; conditions; application; notice; consent; exceptions; order. Section 551.202SectionApplication for marriage license; form; fee; performing marriage ceremony; permit; record; marriage certificate; execution of papers in duplicate; delivery of marriage certificate to parties. Section 551.203SectionPrivate file of papers; forwarding duplicate to state registrar; recordation of filing in private register; inspection of files and records; request and identification; court order; petition to unseal marriage record; court order; findings; petition by surviving party; forwarding copy of license and marriage certificate to county clerk; access. Section 551.204SectionPrivileged communications; violation of confidence as misdemeanor; publicity as misdemeanor; penalties; libel action; neglecting to make proper return; section inapplicable to license unsealed under section 3(2) or (3).


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A committee is in place to take a fresh look at whether the curriculum the school district is using to teach reproductive health is the best available to prevent teen pregnancy and disease.
On Tuesday night, the Beaufort County Board of Education unanimously approved a 19-member Comprehensive Health Advisory Committee 9-0. (Chairman Fred Washington Jr. had stepped out of the room and Hilton Head Island Representative Joan Deery was absent.)
The committee's members were recommended by the district's Physical and Health Education Coordinator Casey Newsome and Chief Officer for Instruction Sean Alford.
State law requires that a group of 13 comprised of at least two parents, three clergy, two health professionals, two teachers, two students - one being the president of the student body of a high school - and two other people not employed by the school district have a say in what curriculum the school district uses for reproductive health education.
The school district hasn't had an active Comprehensive Health Advisory Committee in recent years.
However, on Sept. 21, Child Abuse Prevention Association Executive Director Susan Cato urged the school board to stem an increase in teen pregnancies by adopting a science-based, proven-effective adolescent pregnancy prevention program.
Currently, the Beaufort County School District uses a curriculum called "Sex Can Wait."
The program is not one of the research-based, proven-effective programs endorsed by either CAPA or the South Carolina Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
Teenage pregnancies in Beaufort County increased 13 percent among 15 to 17 year olds from 2004 to 2007, at a time when pregnancies in that age group decreased slightly statewide, according to data released by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.
For the first time in 2007, there were more teen pregnancies in Bluffton than in any other county zip code. That makes Bluffton a high-need area in a high-need county.
School Board Vice Chairman Bob Arundell asked Cato following her presentation Sept. 21 whether the school district is providing adequate sex education to help stem an increase in teen pregnancy in Beaufort County.
She said, "We have the statistics of outcomes getting worse rather than better. I would say it's time to change. As we talk to kids, they're not getting much from it and they don't feel they're getting adequate information."
Arundell asked Cato to be as direct as possible.
"If you think we're failing kids in this regard, I wish you'd tell us."
"I think we are," she said. "I think we can make a huge difference here."
One of the objectives of the Together for Beaufort Coalition is to reduce the rate of births by teenagers countywide to 8 percent by 2012.
The Beaufort County School District's choice of curriculum for pregnancy prevention is listed as an obstacle to achieving that goal.
The Comprehensive Health Education Act of 1988 requires that students in grades nine through 12 receive comprehensive health education that includes 750 minutes (12.5 hours) of instruction in reproductive health education and pregnancy prevention education.
The Act is true to South Carolina's conservative roots: The curriculum may not include any reference to alternate or homosexual lifestyles, and all contraception education is to take place in the context of future family planning.
The curriculum must emphasize abstinence and strategies to resist peer pressure, and schools may not dispense contraception or mention abortion.
Further, parents are informed and allowed to opt their children out of material related to reproduction and contraception.
"Given the close links between teen pregnancy and educational achievement, we are asking you today to actively engage the Beaufort County School District in seeking to provide comprehensive health education using science-based, proven-effective adolescent pregnancy prevention programs as these are designed to build the knowledge, attitudes and skills that students need to avoid risky sexual behaviors," Cato told the board.
She also suggested the school board consider adopting one of two programs: "Safer Choices" or "Making Proud Choices." Like "Sex Can Wait," both are approved by the South Carolina Department of Education and fulfill requirements of the Comprehensive Health Education Act.
The new advisory committee will meet for the first time at 10 a.m. Wednesday at the district office, located in the old Battery Creek High School at 2900 Mink Point Road.
Health Advisory Committee to meet
The Comprehensive Health Advisory Committee will meet at 10 a.m. Wednesday at the school district office at 2900 Mink Point Road in Beaufort. The school board approved the 19-member committee on Tuesday night:
Kenneth Tensley, parent at H.E. McCracken Middle School
Bee Scott, parent at Whale Branch Early College High School
Kate Olin, parent at Lady's Island Middle School and school district employee
Randy Roberts, pastor at Love house Ministries
Ed Cushingberry, pastor at New Hope Christian Church
David Holland, pastor at Tidal Creek
Community members
Beth Young, Destiny Consulting
Carolyn Jenkins, S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control
Health Care Professionals
Jen Wright, Hilton Head Hospital
Valeria Muehleman, Beaufort Jasper Hampton Comprehensive Health Services
Blake Bishop, Hilton Head High School
Sue Olivari, Bluffton Middle School
Matthew Hall, Whale Branch Middle School
Matthew Wade, senior president of Beaufort High School
Vanessa Scott, student council president at Whale Branch Early College High School
Beaufort County School District
Sheila Wiley of student services, committee chairperson
Karenanne Koenig, science coordinator
Casey Newsome, physical education and health coordinator
Keke Petty, student services
Contact Sara Wright at 815-0817 or email@example.com


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The Chicken Truck comes to the Radisson!
Discussion topics related exclusively to our annual gathering in Carlisle PA on June 2-4, 2017
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- DPDISXR4Ti
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The Chicken Truck comes to the Radisson!
ONE WEEK! One week to go until Merkurs at Carlisle 2017! MCA members will once again be getting a gift certificate for a free meal Saturday night, this year served by The Chicken Truck! http://www.thechickentruck.com/menu.html Just so we can have some guidance on food selection, please indicate in this thread if you'd prefer Pulled BBQ Chicken Sandwich, Classic Tender Sandwich, Grilled Tenders, or Classic Tenders (see link for description). Not taking advance food orders, just looking to get some advance input on preferences. Thanks!
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