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There has been a strong movement in the field of foreign language learning and pedagogy towards increasing emphasis on meaningful communication. As a consequence of this development, the concept of willingness to communicate (WTC) has become progressively more significant in second language learning studies and, therefore, an increasing number of studies have been conducted on the different variables that might affect second and foreign language learners' willingness to communicate (e.g. Alemi et al. 2013, Cao & Philip 2006, MacIntyre et al. 2011, Wen and Clement 2003). Despite the growing interest in WTC, teachers' influence on learners' WTC is a variable that needs to be scrutinized thoroughly. Most of the studies that have looked into teachers' effect on learners' WTC regarded it as one of several variables and therefore have not given the matter a central attention in order to provide substantial information. Furthermore, there have been few studies on this issue in an Iranian EFL context. Hence, additional research is needed to determine whether teachers actually have an effect on their learners' WTC in the classroom and if so, what the pedagogical consequences of their interventions are.
The classroom language, teachers' verbal behavior and interaction within the class are key components that contribute to success of language learning. Despite their importance, it is not known why, to date, no structured oral/verbal framework has been put forward to provide learners with intervention and classroom language conducive to learning. Language learning and teaching contexts tend to be replete with intervention and mediation. Ellis (2008) believes that language teaching is comprised of direct intervention referring to "attempts to actually teach learners specific linguistic properties" (2), and indirect intervention referring to the conditions built to facilitate language learning. Additionally, research has shown that being exposed to linguistic input is not, per se, sufficient to develop language proficiency (Lantolf & Throne, 2006; Swain 2000). Hence, provision of valid pedagogical and non-pedagogical intervention is a pressing need for nurturing the process of learning (Lai, 2012; Negueruela & Lantolf, 2006; van Compernolle, 2012). Furthermore, classroom climate is believed to be markedly determined by the dynamics of the learning group and its development over time (Dornyei & Murphey, 2003; Hadfield, 1992, as quoted in Galadja, 2012). In line with this, Widdowson (1990, p. 182) states " The classroom provides the context for the enactment of these roles: but the classroom should not just be perceived as physical surroundings but also conceived as social space. The difference is important and can be marked by a terminological distinction: setting for the physical context, scene for socio-psychological one". Farrell (2002) notes that communication in the classroom influences learners' perception and willingness to take part in classroom activities. To consolidate this, and within the scope of classroom interaction, Edwards & Westgate (1987, p. 6) maintain" all normal human beings are expert in the practical interpretation of talk. Most of our everyday life depends on skills in talking and making sense of the talk of others, as we work or trade or simply pass the time of day".
Six-Category Intervention Analysis (SCIA) has been put forward by Heron (1976). This conceptual framework, being originally based on counseling and clinical supervision studies, has been employed to educate and train professionals in health-related arenas. Recently, however, it has been used in various fields including management, medical education and counselling to promote interpersonal skills. (Chambers & Long, 1995; Cutcliffe & Epling, 1997; Fowler, 1996;). Intervention in its both direct and indirect forms constitutes a major portion of the process of education. In language learning and teaching arenas, intervention has been attended to mostly in its former form. Indirect intervention, however, has not been considered in detail and with the necessary heed it deserves. The present study discusses intervention from Heron's (1976) point of view and tries to elaborate on its two major categories, and their respective six types.
1.1 Intervention
Intervention is "an identifiable piece of verbal and/or non-verbal behavior that is a part of the practitioner's service to the client" (Heron, 2001, p. 3). Despite the significance of non-verbal aspects of intervention, Heron (1976) refers to intervention as a practitioner's verbal behavior. SCIA is proposed as a conceptual framework to understand interpersonal relationships and to analyze interactions between a client and a helper.
Whereas there exist a number of intervention models (Sloan & Watson, 2002), SCIA has been frequently used in fields that need to promote interpersonal skills (Ashmore, 1999; Chambers & Long 1995; Cutcliffe & Epling, 1997; Fowler, 1996; Sloan & Watson, 2001). For practitioners, it can be used to improve the effectiveness of their communication skills in mentoring relationships. The two main categories of SCIA include authoritative and facilitative interventions which are briefly introduced here.
1.1.1 Authoritative Interventions
In this category, the practitioner suggests what should be done, provides information, or confronts the other person. This category includes three types: 1) Prescriptive: "…seeks to direct the behavior of the patient/colleague, client" (Heron, 2001, p. 5). For example, I would like you to discuss this issue with your classmates. In this intervention, the teacher or practitioner directly advises, proposes, recommends, or suggests the client what to do due to a gap in their knowledge or skill when they are badly needed (Maggioli, 2012), 2) Informative: "…seeks to impart knowledge, information and meaning to the other person" (Heron, 2001, p. 5). For example, "It would be useful for you to know that…." Maggioli (2012, p. 112) notes that "these interventions present relevant information, provide personal interpretations, feedback or self-disclosure with the aim of helping the aspiring teacher cope with a specific situation, and 3) Confronting: "…to raise the awareness of the patient/colleague/person about some limiting attitude or behavior of which he/she is relatively unaware" (Heron, 2001, p. 5). For example, I notice this is the third time we have talked about this—and you have still not been able to act—I wonder what is going on. These are employed in cases where the clients "need to be pushed to reassess their actions, beliefs or attitudes because they are acting against the benefits of themselves, or the learners, and they are unable to see it" (Maggioli, 2012, p. 112).
1.1.2 Facilitative Interventions
In these, the mediator or the helper draws out ideas, solutions, self-confidence, and so on, from the other person, helping him or her to reach his or her own solutions or decisions (Heron, 2001). They include: 1) Cathartic: "… to enable the other person to discharge and express painful emotion, usually grief, anger or fear". For example, I notice that whenever you speak about your research, you look rather anxious, why don't you tell us your problem? 2) Catalytic: "…to elicit self-discovery, self-directed learning, and problem solving". For example, "What would you do in this situation?" 3) Supportive: "…to affirm the worth and value of the other person, their qualities, attitudes and actions". For example, "It sounds like you handled that in a very mature and confident way, well done!" (Heron, 2001, p. 6).
Regarding intervention efficiency, Heron (2001) suggests that a valid intervention is "one that is appropriate to the client's current state and stage of development, and to the developing practitioner-client interaction" (Heron, 2001, p. 10). Heron further continues that …to say that it is appropriate, is to say that: (a) it is in the right category; (b) it is the right sort of intervention within that category; (c) its content and use of language are fitting; (d) it is delivered in the right manner; and (e) it is delivered with good timing.
A degenerate intervention is one that "fails in one, and usually several, of these respects, because the practitioner lacks personal development, or training, or experience, or awareness or some combination of these" (Heron, 2001, p. 10). On the other hand, "a perverted intervention is one that deliberately malicious, that intentionally seeks to do harm to another person".
Within a helping paradigm, Heron (1976) proposed a framework for delivering interventions. Whereas the SCIA, mainly based upon studies on counseling and clinical supervision, has been employed to train health education professionals, it has also been utilized by managers, supervisors, coaches, consultants, and educators to promote intervention within interpersonal relationship frameworks recently (e.g., Chambers & Long, 1995; Cutcliffe & Epling, 1997; Fowler, 1996; Johns & Butcher, 1993). Keeping in mind the vast usage scope of this framework including education, the researchers utilized it in the language instruction contexts to promote the interpersonal relationships so as to make language learning a more successful experience through provision of valid interventions. Employing such interventions as facilitative ones tend to enable teachers to create authentic dialogues between teachers on the one hand and the learners on the other throughout the interaction processes. The rationale behind employing such interventions in the educational psychology is that teachers adopting facilitative interventions are expected to provide learners with an opportunity to actively participate in these interactions which could lead to their higher willingness to communicate in the classroom setting.
Given the importance and the dearth of research on the effect of teachers' intervention on learners' WTC, the present study attempted to explore the effect of authoritative and facilitative interventions on the promotion of Iranian EFL learners' willingness to communicate (WTC) in the short and long runs. To this end, the following research questions were posed:
1. Is there any statistically significant difference in Iranian EFL learners receiving authoritative and facilitative interventions in terms of WTC level in the short run?
2. Is there any statistically significant difference in Iranian EFL learners receiving authoritative and facilitative interventions in terms of WTC level in the long run?
To answer the above - mentioned research questions, two null hypotheses were formulated as follows:
Hypothesis one: There is not any significant difference between immediate posttest of willingness to communicate for the authoritative intervention group and facilitative intervention group.
Hypothesis two: There is not any significant difference between delayed posttest of willingness to communicate for the authoritative intervention group and facilitative intervention group.
2. Method
2.1 Participants
The participants of this study were selected from a sample of 60 male and female EFL learners aged 20 to 45 at Farhangian University. Sixty subjects took the Preliminary English Test (PET) at the beginning of the study. Based on the results of the PET, those participants whose scores were within one standard deviation below and above the mean were selected as a homogenous sample for further data collection. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups categorized as authoritative intervention group and facilitative intervention group.
2.2 Instrumentation
The researcher utilized the Preliminary English Test (PET) to assess the language proficiency level of 60 sophomores at Farhangian University. It is a Cambridge ESOL exam for the intermediate level learners. The test consists of four sections. Section one is composed of 35 reading test items. Section two is made up of 5 writing test items. Section three includes 25 listening test items, and section four is a speaking test during which a picture is given to each participant and he or she is required to reflect and explain about it.
The WTC Questionnaire developed by MacIntyre et al. (2001) was employed to examine the participants' willingness to communicate (see Appendix one). It contains a total of 27 items, all of which refer to the learners' willingness to engage in communication tasks focusing on four skills of speaking, writing, reading, and listening. The learners were required to indicate on a scale from 1 to 5 how willing they would be to communicate (where 1 = almost never willing, 2 = sometimes willing, 3 = willing half of the time, 4 = usually willing, and 5 = almost always willing). It should be noted that the questionnaire was piloted before the experiment and its reliability was 0.81. The textbook they were studying was American English File (OUP) level 2.
2.3 Procedures
The PET was administered to 60 subjects. Based on the results of the test, those participants who scored within one standard deviation above and below the mean were selected as a homogeneous sample, and then divided into two groups, each consisting of 18 learners. The researcher himself first made it explicit to the participants about the major objective of the course. Prior to the treatment, WTC questionnaire was administered to measure the participants' level of willingness to communicate. The results were later compared and contrasted with the results and possible gains from the application of Heron's authoritative and facilitative interventions on WTC.
The application of the intervention, based on Heron's six-category model, comprised the most important stage of this research, i.e., the treatment. According to Heron's (2001) model, there were two main categories of intervention including authoritative and facilitative types. The authoritative domain would include 3 main sub-categories including prescriptive, informative and confronting interventions. The other major category, facilitative interventions, included cathartic, catalytic, and supportive intervention types. While many examples of each of these two main categories and their subsequent six categories could be mentioned, Heron (2001) notes that "….there is not just one way of stating an intervention: it can have many verbal forms." (p.4). He intended not to confuse an intervention with a verbal formula or a particular set of words. The reason is that an intervention is a person to person intention that can have many variations of verbal form, and the right variation depends on who those persons are and what is going on between them. However, some examples of different types of verbal interventions are as follows:
- Prescriptive:
- Informative
- Confronting
- Cathartic:
- Catalytic:
- Supportive:
Having mentioned some sample sentences used in each type of interventions, the researchers need to mention that the treatment lasted for eight sessions in each class. Since the experiment was intended to be conducted on speaking skill, the feedback delivery would be primarily focused on the Heron's interventions. The feedbacks were provided during speaking practices or lectures. Teaching the course book, The American File Two, was done based on the standards of the course while feedback were being delivered based on Heron's (2001) intervention analysis.
Based on the types of the feedback which were supposed to be provided by the researchers, a specific lesson plan was carefully designed for each session according to which some steps were taken in all sessions (see Appendix Two). The steps taken in one specific session are provided in details as an Example here:
1. A number of thought-provoking warm-up questions will be asked regarding the topic of unit entitled "last weekend" in order to both introduce the topic and make the participants actively involved.
2. A short lecture will delivered to introduce the topic.
3. The students will required to discuss the topic in pairs.
4. The students were asked to put forward their own ideas and viewpoints about different aspects of a topic.
5. Some appropriate feedbacks (verbal behaviors) on the part of the researchers was provided in accordance with the type of the mistakes made by the students or the utterances produced by them.
6. In order to encourage the students to discuss the topic more deeply, they were required to work on diverse topic-related exercises and discuss them in the classroom.
7. Whereas a friendly atmosphere was created by the researcher for the facilitative group to eradicate the psychological barriers between the teacher and the students, the atmosphere of the class for the authoritative group was not as friendly due to the nature of the interventions.
8. While prescriptive, informative, and confronting interventions were made for the authoritative group, cathartic, catalytic, and supportive interventions were made for the facilitative group.
In this session the students were talking about their last weekends, the relative pronoun "whose" was mistakenly used by one of the students in the following dialogue:
Student: Last weekend I bought a car which name was Ford.
Teacher: "Which" is not used to show possessions. "Whose" is the right choice here?
Teacher's feedback in the above-mentioned dialogue was used as an informative intervention which is one of the authoritative interventions
As another example the researcher likes to mention another dialogue below in which he used cathartic intervention as a feedback to a mistake made by one of the students in the facilitative group.
Student: I can speak English Fluently with a native speaker in the museum last weekend.
Teacher: Don't worry. Many other learners have this problem. I know that you forgot to change the tense of "can" to" could ".
3. Results
This section puts forward the statistical analyses of the data along with the discussions to the findings of the study based on the research questions mentioned in the introduction part
3.1. Results of the PET with the Initial Participants
The sixty participants who had initially accepted to take part in the study were given the PET as the standard English language proficiency test appropriate for their level. The purpose of the test was to select a homogeneous group in terms of English language proficiency. Table 3.1 shows the descriptive statistics for the PET scores.
Table 3.1
Descriptive Statistics; PET General Language Proficiency Test
Std. Deviation
As it is indicate in Table 3.1, the mean score of the test was 59.27 and the SD was 14.376. The decision was to select the participants whose scores were within the range of one SD above and below the mean. Therefore, the participants whose scores were between 45 and 73 were selected as the homogenous sample for further data collection. The selected group included 36 participants who were randomly divided into two experimental groups to receive two treatments during the study.
3.2. Comparison of WTC scores between two groups on the pretest
To compare the participants in two groups in terms of WTC before the treatment, the researchers gave the WTC questionnaire to 36 participants at the beginning of the study. Table 3.2 shows the results of descriptive statistics for the WTC pre-test scores.
Table 3.2
Descriptive Statistics for the Pre-test WTC Scores
4.1 Pre WTC
According to Table 3.2, the mean score of the authoritative group was 75.94 with the SD of 15.46, but the mean score of the facilitative group was 81.39 with the SD of 8.09. Before comparing the two means through the Independent samples t-test which is a method of parametric inferential statistics, it was prerequisite to check the normality of the scores distribution. For this purpose, the researcher used One-sample Kolmogorove-Smirnov test. Table 3.3 shows the results of this test.
Table 3.3
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for the Participants' Pre-test WTC Scores
Normal Parametersa, b
Most Extreme Differences
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
a. Test distribution is Normal.
b. Calculated from data.
The results in Table 3.3 indicate that the p-value observed was .843 and higher than the alpha level of .05. It means that the p-value was above the alpha level. Therefore, the normality assumption could be confirmed. After the normality assumption was met, the Independent samples t-test was used to check whether there was a significant difference in the participants' pretest willingness to communicate scores between the authoritative and facilitative groups or not. The results of the independent samples t-test are shown in Table 3.4
Table 3.4
Independent Samples T-test for the Participants' Pretest WTC Scores
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
Equal variances assumed
Equal variances not assumed
As Table 3.4 indicates, the p-value observed was .197 and was higher than the alpha level of .05. Thus the null hypothesis that stated there was no difference between the two means was affirmed. That is, there was not a significant difference between the means obtained from the two groups. In other words, the participants in two groups were almost equal in terms of WTC at the beginning of the study.
3.3 Examining the First Null Hypothesis
The first null hypothesis stated that there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups, in terms of WTC, on the immediate posttest.
After the treatment, the researcher administered the same WTC questionnaire to 36 participants as the post-test again to see whether there was a significant difference between the two groups after treatment. For this purpose, the researcher computed the descriptive statistics for the immediate posttest of WTC. The results are shown in Table 3.5.
Table 3.5
Descriptive Statistics for the immediate Post-test WTC Scores
Immediate WTC
As it is illustrated in Table 3.5, the mean score and SD of the participants' immediate post-test scores in the authoritative group were 72.89 and 13.30 respectively, whereas the mean score and SD of the scores in the facilitative group were 90.44 and 7.30 respectively. It was revealed that the participants' WTC scores in the facilitative group were higher than the WTC scores obtained by the authoritative group. Before running the Independent samples t-test to compare the significance of the difference between the two means, we needed to check the normality of the scores distribution. For this purpose, we ran the One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Table 4.6 shows the results of the analysis.
Table 3.6
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for the Participants' Immediate post-test WTC Scores
Normal Parameters a, b
As it is seen in Table 3.6, the p-value was .667 and higher than the alpha level of .05 showing that the participants' immediate post-test WTC scores had normal distribution. After the normality assumption was satisfied, Independent samples t-test was applied to see whether there was a significant difference between the two means. The results are demonstrated in Table 3.7.
Table 3.7
Independent Samples T-test for the Participants' Immediate Post-test WTC Scores
As Table 3.7 demonstrates, the p-value observed was zero and lower than the alpha level of .05 (p< .05), thus the null hypothesis that stated there was no difference between the two means was rejected. That is, there was a significant difference between the participants' immediate post-test WTC scores in the authoritative and facilitative groups. The answer to the first research question was affirmative. That is, the facilitative intervention had a significant gain in the facilitative group scores regarding to WTC immediately after the treatment.
3.4. Examining the Second Null Hypothesis
The second null hypothesis proposed that there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups, in terms of WTC, on the delayed posttest.
After one month interval of the immediate post-test, the researcher gave the same WTC questionnaire to 36 participants once more as to see whether the participants' WTC scores have changed or not. To this end, the researcher computed the descriptive statistics. Table 3.8 indicates the results of the descriptive statistics.
Table 3.8
Descriptive Statistics for the Participants' Delayed Post-test WTC Scores
Delayed WTC
With regard to the results depicted in Table 3.8, the mean score of the participants' delayed post-test scores in the authoritative group was 75.06 with the SD of 11.85, while the mean score of the participants in the facilitative group was 85.61 with the SD of 6.09. It was revealed that that the participants' WTC scores in the facilitative group were higher than the WTC scores obtained by the authoritative group in the follow-up period. Before running the Independent samples t-test to compare the significance of the difference between the two means, it was necessary to check the normality of the scores distribution. To this end, we ran the One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Table 3.9 indicates the results of this test.
Table 3.9
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for the Participants' Delayed Post-test WTC Scores
As is clear from Table 3.9, the p-value was .749 and higher than alpha level of .05 indicating that the participants' delayed post-test WTC scores had normal distribution. After the normality assumption was met, the Independent samples t-test was employed so as to see whether there was a significant difference between the participants' delayed post-test WTC scores or not. The results of this test are indicated in Table 3.10.
Table 3.10
Independent Samples T-test for the Participants' Delayed Post-test Willingness to Communicate Scores
As it is indicated in Table 3.10, the p-value obtained was .002 and lower than the alpha level of .05, thus the second null hypothesis that proposed there was no difference between two means was rejected. It was revealed that there was a significant difference between the participants' delayed posttest WTC scores in two experimental groups. The answer to the second research question was affirmative. That is, facilitative intervention had a significant gain in the facilitative group scores in terms of WTC after one month of interval.
4. Discussion and Conclusion:
The present study aimed at exploring the effect of authoritative and facilitative interventions on the enhancement of Iranian EFL learners' willingness to communicate (WTC) in the short and long runs. The findings indicated that the application of Six-Category Intervention Analysis resulted in significant changes in the performance of the facilitative group which led this group to outperform the authoritative intervention group. This implies that the learners' unwillingness to communicate is due to the kind of intervention employed by the teachers in the classroom. The findings of this research can be in line with those of the study conducted by Wen and Clement ( 2003). They also discovered that support on the part of the teacher is a determining and significant factor which could highly influence learners' WTC.
The results of this study can be discussed in the light of sociocultural theory. Ellis (1999) notes that within sociocultural approach towards second language acquisition, "interaction is the actual site of learning" (p. 21). The role of environment has been frequently highlighted in the Second Language Acquisition theories as Chaos Complexity theory (Larsen- Freeman, 1997; Larsen-Freeman & Cameron, 2008), Dynamic system (de Bot, Lowie, & Verspoor, 2005), and Dynamic assessment (Vygotsky, 1986). In addition, meticulous catering for the nature and quality of the intervention and interaction in the classroom, i.e., the actual words and the classroom language which teachers decide to employ while managing such interactions, can be facilitated through conscious and proper use of six category Intervention Analysis (SCIA) model.
Provision of a learning atmosphere conducive to learning is a great step; language teachers can take steps to aid language learners to overcome the affective obstacles in the learning process. To achieve this end, it is recommended that teachers attempt to raise their awareness of various indirect interventions while communicating with language learners. In addition, gearing these valid interventions to the learners' individual differences can help teachers achieve long-term success in their profession.
The results of the current study might be beneficial for practicing teachers, ELT researchers, teacher trainers, and teacher developers. The familiarity gained in this preferred manner or through the desired type of intervention can be one of the important contributions of this research. In addition, appropriate recognition of the restraining factors which impede the learners' attempts to communicate would be of great assistance to the language learners and teacher trainers inclined to successfully tackle those problems.
In developing effective mentoring relationships, it is usual for teachers to rely more on facilitative interventions rather than on authoritative ones – to enable the mentee to develop their own solutions and autonomy. Considering WTC as a dynamic system, language teachers and teacher trainers can earn a proper recognition of momentary influences and changes which occur within an individual. In addition, familiarity with learners' preferences of the type of intervention they would like to receive could help recognize Iranian learners' attitudes towards a proper intervention, hence, enhance their willingness to improve their communication competence.
It can be concluded that, both teachers' behavior and their selected intervention could have a remarkable impact on the learners' self-reported willingness to communicate in English in their EFL classrooms. Moreover, teachers can increase learners' WTC by adopting a supportive and facilitative manner and also through being genuinely interested in their learners and their learning processes.
A number of limitations can be considered for this study. First, the number of the participants could have been larger. However, the researchers had to limit themselves to this number due to practical restrictions and the lengthy process of training. A second limitation of the present study concerns the level of the participants. This study included merely Intermediate students. Other level students were not incorporated into the study.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
There are all sorts of ways to make a couple bucks here and there on the internet. Most of them are tedious and time-consuming for relatively small payouts. A few programs, however, will pay you regularly just for the privilege of monitoring your device activity. Once you install an app on your phone and an extension on you computer browsers, the rewards start rolling in.
Who Would Pay for This (and How Much)?
Google and Nielsen are probably the two most significant companies that want your information. Google collects your information with its Cross Media Panel, while Nielsen runs the Media Insiders program. Both want your information for advertising reasons. Compiling media usage profiles allows them to better target ads, or in Nielsen's case, help other companies target ads.
The Cross Media Panel pays $1 per week per device type. So if you install their app or extension just on your phone, you'll make $52/year. If a tablet and phone, $104, and if tablet, phone and computer, $156.
Media Insiders is not as clear about how much they pay. It seems that you get rewarded in part based on how much data they capture. The Penny Hoarder claims you can earn up to $185 per year using three devices.
What Exactly Do They Monitor?
When you sign up for one of these programs, you can't help but wonder how much privacy you're giving up. How much data are these companies collecting and what are they going to do with it? I read through the Cross Media privacy policy, which was vague and broad enough to be slightly unsettling. You're licensing them to collect any information from any of your browsing. They also collect information about your location, network and even your gyroscope (maybe so they know what videos you watch when you're hanging upside-down). They even include a provision to allow them to collect biometric information via fingerprint readers, microphones and webcams!
Is Your Information Safe?
Given all that these companies are collecting, is your information safe? Kind of. Google promises to only share your data with "trusted third-party Panel Partners." Other than these platform partners, Google will only release information with your permission, at law enforcement request or when Google deems there to be a safety issue. Again, vague and broad enough to be slightly unnerving.
Coming to Terms With Signing Away Your Privacy
If you decide to participate in one of these programs, you need to come to terms with the privacy sacrifice. Initially I was a little unnerved by the thought of installing these monitoring apps. However, I'm now on board for a number of reasons.
In the first place, I figure I'm not doing anything illegal (that I know of), so I'm not worried about being reported to law enforcement. Furthermore, we already know that the NSA is collecting our data anyway.
Secondly, even without these programs, Google already is collecting data based on my web searches, email usage, and a number of other google services I use. Additionally, companies collectively monitor and collect everything from my address to my credit and shopping history.
With the amount of information that is already out, signing up for one of these programs does not significantly expose me any more than I already am. Given this, earning a decent chunk of change for no extra effort is totally worth it.
Since Media Insiders is not currently accepting applicants, I'm currently only signed up for Google's Cross Media Panel. Since I don't have a tablet, I can only make $104 per year with my 2 devices. However, for not doing anything (other than installing the apps), I'm quite happy with that.
  Some links pay our bills. Our thoughts and opinions remain 100% objective. Find out more.
- While I do strive to only write accurate information and dispense valuable advice, I am not a licensed financial adviser. All information is based solely on my personal experience and personal research and should be treated as such. Find out more.


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The effort is definitely there but this tagline packs all the cute without any of the punch.
You only have one tagline — and confusing people with puns (particularly written puns, which add visual confusion to the mix) isn't the best way to use it.
A strong tagline complements your org's name to convey its unique
value or impact with personality, passion and commitment. If you fail
to make the most of your tagline, you throw that opportunity away.
Dig into the free Getting Attention Tagline Report to discover:
- The 10 Have-Tos for Successful Taglines – They'll put your nonprofit marketing into high gear.
- The 7 Deadly Sins – What not to do.
- What Makes a Winning Tagline – Winners of the 2008 Nonprofit Tagline Awards.
- Over 1,000 Nonprofit Tagline Examples (more than ever before in one place) ideal for tagline brainstorming.
Download the Nonprofit Tagline Report here. When you do, you'll automatically be added to the mailing list for info on the 2009 Nonprofit Tagline Award Program coming up later this spring.
Thanks to Dan Gunderson, chief copywriter at Big Duck, for passing this one along!


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The mountain air was crisp and the air quiet. My nipples stood erect and I shivered uncontrollably as I second-guessed the merits of a late summer Fondo in the Rockies.
While members of the Polar Bear Club stood around comfortably with bare arms and legs, others cobbled together what they could – From full Goretex kit, to sweatpants and sweatshirts. I was just counting down to the start gun, so I could get my legs turning and warm up a bit ;-)
After a neutral start around Tunnel Mountain Road and a short connection across Hwy 1 we started the ride in earnest around Lake Minnewanka… Well, that is to say – most people started the ride in earnest. We had been hanging onto the back of one of the lead groups and slowly working our way up (everybody's an eager beaver, even with 100km+ to go), when we realized that somehow Sheldon has been lost. We had just seen him prior to entering the Minnewanka loop, but now he was nowhere to be found. A little bit of backtracking and a few texts later we were all reunited… Albeit right in the mid-pack swell.
As we made our way around the aptly named "Lake Minnewanka Scenic Drive" our pre-dawn departure began to pay dividends… Yes, it made for an early morning, but seeing the sun crest the mountains and start to paint the Rockies with light is something I'll never get tired of. Thankfully, Sheldon felt the same. Wanting to prolong the event as long as possible, he proceeded to double flat on our second loop of Minnewanka. Fortunately the Fondo support crew were on hand almost instantly, as was the moto crew, and offers of help rang out routinely as various packs of riders rode by.
After patching up, we rolled onward, enjoying the views, practicing our 4-man echelon, chatting, and just generally enjoying the closed roads – And they really were glorious. It really makes quite a difference when you don't have cars whizzing by a couple meters from your left shoulder while you try to enjoy the company of your friends and soak in the scenery.
As we continued along the route down the Bow Valley Parkway to Castle Junction the sun began to warm the peloton and jersey pockets began to bulge with wind jackets, gloves and various other layers of clothing. We were continually rewarded with outstanding views, and even spent some extra time at the third checkpoint enjoying the oompah band and some great vino, chocolate truffles and shish kebabs courtesy of Jackson Triggs… I think I could get used to this Fondo thing ;-)
In light of our various escapades (lost riders, flats, and fine vintages), we ended well back of most riders, but still had a great day. It was more a day for enjoying the ride, than a day for crushing the ride. We all could tell we had ridden, but generally felt pretty fresh. After enjoying a celebratory burger and beer – We hit the road and headed back home. A great day.
Looking at the event critically, this is how I thought things broke down:
For debate:
- Distance – The fact that the distance was cut short had a number of riders bummed… They had come for an epic 140km+ ride, only to have it shortened to 100km due to bear activity. In my mind though, this is just something that comes with enjoying a National Park. The animals come first. 'Nuff said.
- Elevation – The elevation gain was definitely pretty tame. This makes the event more accessible, but there was definitely nothing challenging from a vertical perspective. Personally I would have liked at least one sustained climb to look forward to.
- Registration – I understand the need to register in Banff, and logistically it made the most sense to take the Friday off and 'make a weekend of it.' But from a convenience standpoint it might have been nice to have the option to register in Calgary and push the start back an hour or so – Allowing for Calgary-based riders to truly make a day trip of it. From a tourism, and 'mountain culture' immersion standpoint, it lets the riders really take it easy and enjoy the event.
- Ride vs. Race – Is it a ride? Is it a race? To a racer, it definitely feels like a race, and the lead packs treat it as such. You really need to mentally shift your mind-set if you're wanting to hit a rest stops, shoot the shit, and enjoy your ride. It's pretty easy to get caught up in the 'race.'
- Organization – The organization of the event itself was super smooth, take off was very on-time and logistically dialled. Great to see for the inaugural event!
- Race package – The instructions for the numbers and timing chips was great. Very straight forward and definitely helpful for those unfamiliar. Please, please, please get rid of the helmet stickers though ;-) Sponsor 'goodies' were great as well. I think the Rocky Mountain Chocolate lasted about 2 minutes and Kicking Horse coffee obviously knows who their target market is ;-)
- The Route – Generally speaking the route was awesome! Everyone agreed that we could have done another loop or two around Lake Minnewanka Scenic Drive, but the entire route was fantastic, offering great views and nice rolling terrain.
- Post Ride Grounds – Although the lines for food and beverages were long, the event grounds themselves were great. A really nice place to relax, with lots of space and green grass to chill out on.
- The Volunteers – Events like these just don't happen without great volunteers and the RBC Grand Fondo was no exception – A huge thanks to everybody out there on the route keeping everybody hydrated and fuelled up!
Not so great:
- Peloton – Since we spent most of our time at the back of the pack, there was a few people who didn't really 'get' pack dynamics or really have good awareness of what's going on around them… Despite using a bell when we're passing folk very few people moved over (even though they were on the far left of the lane). Many cyclist would kind of be all over the road as well. Perhaps some tips on "cycling etiquette" would be beneficial in the race pack, both for courtesy and for safety.
- T-Shirt – Everybody I talked to found the shirts oversized… I would think that most riders would appreciate a slimmer cut.
- Après Ride – Again, finishing in the back of the back we found the lineups for food and beer pretty lengthy. Being impatient, snooty arseholes, we just took off and enjoyed our own beer in our Founders mug ;-)


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Marina Bay Financial Centre (MBFC) stands on a 3.55 hectare site offering three office towers with nearly three million square feet of prime Grade A office space, two residential towers comprising 649 luxury apartments and retail space of approximately 179,000 square feet – all clustered around a stunning waterfront park.
This masterpiece by New York based architects Kohn Pedersen Fox is developed by a joint venture of CK Asset Holdings Limited, Hongkong Land and Keppel Land.
Developed in 2 phases, Phase 1 of MBFC consists of office Tower 1 and 2, Marina Bay Residences and Phase 1 of Marina Bay Link Mall. Phase 2 comprises Tower 3, Phase 2 of Marina Bay Link Mall and Marina Bay Suites.


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Signature, Inspired By Chef Andrew Weissman
If you find yourself dreaming of the Texas Hill Country, savory comforts, spice, and the sultry depth of a fine burgundy - discover Signature, a San Antonio Restaurant Inspired by Chef Andrew Weissman.
The menu is straightforward and beguiling, featuring Andrew's contemporary interpretations of classic dishes — fresher, brighter versions of traditional cuisine enlivened with unconventional Texas spirit. Gulf seafood conspires with Atlantic Coast oysters flown in fresh, house-aged sirloin easily holds its own with Pacific Northwest lamb, and the Hill Country is well-represented with venison, dove and quail. Local and organic ingredients change the menu as the seasons peak and wane, but the constants are quality, flavor, artistry in the kitchen and a warm welcome when you walk in the door.
Signature Hour: Tuesday – Friday from 4:30PM – 6PM
Dinner: Tuesday – Saturday from 5:30PM – 10PM
Sunday Brunch: 10:30AM – 2PM
Sunday Dinner: 5:30PM – 9PM
Press & Media
Where to Eat, Sleep, and Play in San Antonio, Forbes, May 2019
Southern Living /The South's Best Restaurants in 2018, #2 Signature / The South's Best Desserts in 2018, #5 Signature / The South's Best Restaurant Bars in 2018, #1 Signature
Signature Named #3 - USA Today 10Best – Readers Choice, 2018.Signature Named One of the Most Romantic Restaurants in the Country, San Antonio Current, February 2018
Feature: Signature, Inspired by Chef Andrew Weissman, GoodTaste TV, January 2018
Respected San Antonio Chef Andrew Weissman Cooks French, South Texas-Style, The Daily Meal, December 2017
19 Cocktails That Are Basically Summer in a Glass, Cosmopolitan Magazine, June 2017
The Newest Hotel Dining in San Antonio Lives Up to Its Name, The Daily Meal, May 2017Just a Taste: Signed, sealed, delivered at Signature, San Antonio Express News, November 2016


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Newspapers Scotland
This site brings together the London, Edinburgh and Belfast Gazettes into one website. The Gazettes are the official newspapers of the United Kingdom government. This site offers state of the art … more
Findmypast - British Newspapers
A findmypast subscription offers access to the British Newspaper Archive 1710-1953. The collection includes local and regional publications from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Each page has … more
This site offers access to the National Library of Scotland's online collection of 1,800 broadsides 1650 to 1910. These single sheets were the tabloids of their day and carried public information, … more
The British Newspaper Archive (BNA)
BNA offers access to 32.5+ million newspaper pages dating from the 1700s to current. A free search is available or you can browse by - Date, Country, Region, County, Place or Recently Added titles. … more
Online Newspaper Directory for the World
This site, also known as onlinenewspapers.com, lists the newspaper title, place of publication and link for thousands of current online newspapers worldwide. There are thousands of current newspapers … more
ProQuest Historical Newspapers
This collection includes searchable full text, page and article images. Those with a # have an additional year of content added annually.Titles for the United Kingdom, Ireland and other … more
The National Library of Australia - eResources - Scottish Newspapers
The eResources page offers home access to 128+ subscription databases. This free service is available to anyone residing in Australia who has a National Library card. You can apply for a library card … more
National Library of Australia - eResources
The National Library of Australia eResources offers home access to 128+ subscription databases. This free service is available to all residents of Australia. You need a National Library card and you … more


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The Economics of Regional Meat - Panel
Four experts answer audience questions on regional meat production and processing.
- Contents
March 3, 2011: The Economics of Regional Meat - Interactive Panel Discussion
A panel of four meat value chain experts field audience questions on
the economics of regional meat. This webinar is a companion to the Feb 17, 2011, NGFN webinar entitled "The Economics of Regional Meat".
To address a wide range of questions, we assembled a stellar panel, from different:
- regions of the country (Northeast, Midwest and Southwest)
- components of the value chain (farmers and ranchers, consultants, processors)
- species expertise (beef, pork, poultry)
Our panelists
- Chris Harmon and Nicole Day, Center for Agricultural Development and Entrepreneurship (our presenters on the Feb 17 webinar)
- Arion Thiboumery, Lorentz Meats, Niche Meat Processor Assistance Network
- Steve Warshawer, Beef Industry Improvement Initiative (of New Mexico), National Advisory Council on Meat and Poultry Inspection, Mesa Top Farm
Missed the Feb 17 presentation? You can review the recording and slides!
Webinar Recording
There were not many slides for this presentation, since it was an interactive panel - answering audience questions. However, here are the few slides that did appear in the webinar.
Presenter Bios
Chris Harmon originally
hails from Indiana and graduated from Ball State University in Muncie,
IN with a Bachelor of Science degree in land resource management with a
focus on soil science, and a minor in energy resources. He moved to New
York in 1991 to work for The Nature Conservancy as the Preserve Manager
of the Lower Hudson Chapter and later became the Director of Stewardship
Operations for the Eastern New York Chapter when the two chapters
Chris left The Nature Conservancy in 2002 to pursue his dream of farming. With his wife and two children they purchased a 117 acre farm in Otsego County and began raising grass fed beef, pastured poultry and hogs. He sold at several farmers' markets for six years. He now sells primarily to individuals, restaurants and CSA's. Chris and his family now run a hundred head of beef and farm 300 acres. Harmon became the Executive Director of CADE, the Center for Agricultural Development and Entrepreneurship, in 2007 after deciding to scale back his farming operation in order to spend more time with his family.
CADE, Inc. (cadefarms.org) is a non-profit agricultural development organization serving farmers and agricultural businesses in New York. Since its inception, CADE has worked to connect producers of value-added farm products to markets. The organization conducts research on agricultural opportunities and markets with the goal of building a thriving community-based regional food system. CADE is basically a non-profit consulting firm in the area of Sustainable Agriculture. They provide strategic, technical assistance to clients (farmers, distributors, slaughterhouses, creameries, and commercial kitchens) in the areas of business development, financing, accounting, e-commerce, distribution and marketing.
Chris and his wife, Kara, and two children, Toby and Addison, live in Upstate NY on Sunset View Farm in Milford, NY in Otsego County.
Nicole Day, originally from Southern New Hampshire, graduated from the University of New Hampshire with a B.A. in Economics. Nicole worked as an Associate in a Labor Economics Firm for over nine years. In 1998, Nicole started a natural foods manufacturing business, Mediterranean Delights, along with her mother based in Southern Vermont specializing in all natural and certified organic perishable hummus, whole grain & pasta salads and other Mediterranean-style foods servicing retail and foodservice markets on a national level. After 12 years in the food business, Nicole moved to the Catskills and began working for the Center for Agricultural Development and Entrepreneurship (CADE) www.cadefarms.org, a not-for-profit organization based in Oneonta, NY serving farmers and agricultural businesses in New York. Nicole began working at CADE as a consultant and then was asked to take the position of Director of Programming and Communications in September 2010. Nicole's position includes grant writing, programming development while also working intimately with CADE's clients on various projects including marketing plan analysis, business analysis, HACCP plan development, customer service plans, organic certification plan development and food processing/manufacturing facility development.
Arion Thiboumery is Vice President of Lorentz Meats in Cannon Falls, MN, a medium-small sized meat processor specializing in natural and organic meats. He also co-coordinates the Niche Meat Processor Assistance Network, a cooperative extension network working to support small meat processors (www.nichemeatprocessing.org). Arion received his Ph.D. from Iowa State University.
Steve Warshawer wears many hats here at the National Good Food Network. He is the NGFN food safety coordinator, but he has a lot of experience in the regional meat business. Hailing from the Santa Fe area, Steve is a beef producer himself, and is on the Beef Industry Improvement Initiative (of New Mexico). He also has a seat at the national level on the National Advisory Council on Meat and Poultry Inspection.
Written Questions and Answers
There were many more questions asked and addressed verbally during the webinar. These are the questions our panelists answered in written form.
Mobile Units
Q: Would MPUs be a good fit for an AG cooperative venture?
A: MPUs have limited functionality! They are slaughter plants. There is still a need for aging facilities and cut and warp facilities to complement the on farm work of an MPU. Here in NM we have an MOPU and we have had good cooperation from USDA and our state environment department, but they are not complete, entire solutions, they need to be part of a network of businesses and service providers.
Q: Please discuss mobile kill/processing units and your impressions of their cost effectiveness and applications.
A: The MPU's probably have a place in a systematic, regional network. At present I think they are being touted as a panacea, but they are not. There will be situations where they are applicable, but they are not a universal solution. It would be necessary to assess the assets in a region to determine how an MPU might fit in.
Q: Might a mid-sized mobile slaughter unit for on-farm slaughter be able to harvest enough carcasses and cash flow to sustain a small meat cut-and-wrap facility three days a week, if the other two days are dedicated to processing animals slaughtered and chilled elsewhere?
A: You'd really need to build a financial pro forma to examine this. The questions are how much flow from the MSU to the cut and wrap with how much capacity at how much cost.
Q: Could you state again the annual # of birds that you would need to run through a Mobile unit to make it viable.
A: It's not an annual number but more like a daily number. A bricks and mortar plant should run 75 - 150 birds per hour. And a day they should have 500 to 1000 birds for the day.
Q: Where was the link for marketing beef?
A: http://www.extension.org/mediawiki/files/0/00/Marketing_Beef_for_Small-Scale_Producers.pdf
Attendee Comment: On the question of marketing as local, most Slow Food groups are willing to send out announcements to their email lists or post on their web site, if there's a group active in your area
Q: Do you know if the national pork or national beef boards have researched some of the new product attributes that are being seen in the niche markets...grass based, 100% grass fed, heritage pork ...etc. We have a lot of small producers in VT working the niche, but not sure if they scale up (largely to match the needed flow to work well with slaughter) if the broader markets have the demand. We all know that the consumer is king in the end and we need to listen to the attributes that resonate to them. So in VT we have small farms that have found niche BUT they are really not making good money yet...they need to scale up and move more units. Added problem is that to get the good slaughter/processor relationship they need to ramp up animal flow too. I was just wondering if the national producer boards are researching the niche attributes or if these new firms should set out to do their own regional market research with their own distributors.
A: I think that the national boards would happily research niches, I think we just need to, as a group of pasture and forage based producers, avoid the habit of negative selling against mainstream production if we want them to take us seriously. The proteins differentiate according to consumer demand, and the national boards are all about understanding and measuring consumer demand. I do not think that research of the type that you seek has been done by national boards.
Q: Is there any consumer research available that looks at consumer demand for type of meat (beef, pork, etc) and by cut/product ( ground, prime, whole pig, etc) ?
A: The National Pork Board and the National Cattlemen's Association have studies on this. Their contact info can be found online. Usually the data is national, so it might not be as helpful to your specific region.
A: There is lots of industry information about trends in per capita protein consumption, less so in relation to pasture and forage based proteins.
Q: Any recommendations for working with a grocer that only wants to purchase chuck, rib, loin, and ground beef? We are having a hard time finding outlets for sirloin, round, etc.
A: If you look at the entire carcass, often retail wants certain cuts, and food service (restaurant) wants other cuts. To achieve maximum carcass utilization, you need other TYPES of customers to go along with the loyal retail.
Cooperatives and Trade Associations
Q: I wonder if we couldn't make great strides with cooperatively owned processing facilities - for on-the-ground efficiencies and leveraging resources that would make the business more feasible for the processors. I don't see trade associations solving that issue. If we can't solve the profitability of facilities, we can't solve the issue. A trade association - or federation - might help with promoting and encouraging serving this clientele, and definitely with training and education. Thanks for the input! Cooperatives - in my opinion - would be better than associations! Cooperatives work, and if they are owned by the producers, there is a great level of control that is part of the concern I hear from producers all the time. :)
A: The recommendation from FSIS is to form TRADE associations, of like minded, like oriented, independent businesses. That is not a role that co-ops are designed to fill. These associations would not do business on behalf of their members, they would advocate for their collective interests and needs. FSIS regional supervisor that I work with has had positive experience when independent businesses collaborate as an interest group though an association.
Q: Any ideas how we get existing small processers interested (or re-interested) in USDA Inspection and Organic Certification - and how we ensure succession planning is occurring in the processing industry (encouraging the next generation to get into the business)?
A: FSIS regional supervisors in DC have encouraged that we organize meat processors associations: they feel that processors together can engage better technical and other kinds of support than processors can as individuals
Consumer Information
Q: How does one look up or determine when meat is in season for certain regions?
A: For ruminants it's largely consistent with the crop growing season, particularly when grass is in season.
Q: Is there a shortage of skilled butchers and if so how is this being addressed.
A: We sure see that problem in New Mexico. We keep pushing for community colleges and land grant universities to offer training in this area. But it is a bit of a catch-22...
Q: When you say build your plant, do you mean Slaughter + Cut & Wrap and do you mean USDA certified? Not clear how you could do that with 400 head …
A: There are small plants in the Midwest that are inspected for both slaughter and processing that process around 500-700 head a year. It is doable. I'm not saying it's easy.
Aggregation & Distribution
Q: Could someone describe a little more of nuts-and-bolts of how currently operating (not past) collective shipping arrangements work? My concern with this is the coordinating effort that goes in to scheduling and putting together a load of animals -- who does that work? I suspect it's usually a farmer volunteering his/her time, and that's a recipe for rapid burnout.
A: I think that there needs to some kind of organizational capacity, could be producer COOP or association, or could be a separate business or non-profit function. When a single producer takes on that role for a group, it is usually because that producer is large enough to need the coordination for themselves, and then they can offer that service for neighbors or other small/mid scale producers. Someone has to be doing this for clear benefit. Or else, you are right, burnout or other unreliability is a likely outcome


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While inspecting my hive today there was a conspicuous lack of eggs, then I came across this.
There is scattered larvae throughout the brood comb. There is a lot of capped worker brood, like, at least five or six bars of brood. There is a couple drone cells here and there. They still seem to be thriving. I had to add some new bars today since they had filled up all the bars in the hive.
I guess something happened to to the queen? What could happen to a queen of a seemingly healthy hive? Do I need to do anything? Thanks


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People2people is a multi-award winning recruitment agency who values integrity in the core of our service. Founded in 2005, people2people now proudly operates across five offices - Sydney CBD, Chatswood, Parramatta, Melbourne and Brisbane.
As our business continues to expand, there is a rare opportunity for a Graduate to join the Chatswood office assisting the Managed Services team as a Trainee Recruitment Consultant; working on large accounts providing HR and recruitment solutions to multiple clients.
As you continue to grow your career, your responsibilities will include:
* Learning and developing your knowledge in recruitment
* Resourcing candidates through a variety of channels including in house databases and social media
* Preparing resumes
* Phone screening, interviewing and recommending candidates across a variety of industries
* Writing advertisements and conducting reference checks for successful candidates
* Liaising with clients and taking job briefs
* Working on recruitment and projects
* Other responsibilities directed by managers
As the successful candidate, you will have:
* Tertiary qualifications from university (essential)
* Demonstrated achievements in sport, academia and/or business
* Resilient and driven by career growth
* Motivated by targets and goals
* Excellent communication skills both written and verbal
To apply please click on the appropriate link on this page, alternatively for more information or a confidential conversation please contact Hira Rizvi on +61 02 8270 9704


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Oct 18, 2010
Sesame Workshop names new senior v.p. for international efforts
Dr. Charlotte Frances Cole is the new senior v.p., global education, for Sesame Workshop, it announced today (Oct. 18). Cole will oversee international strategies and lead development for all curriculum and research around the Workshop's international projects. Cole has been working with educators and production teams throughout the world for the Workshop since 1994, in Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jordan, Mexico, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, South Africa, and West Bank/Gaza. She is also a member of the editorial board of the
Journal of Children and Media
, and served as the publication's founding Review and Commentary Editor.
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Issue :-
When I restart Apache, it throws the following error.
/usr/local/apache/libexec/mod_log_bytes.so into server: /usr/local/apache/libexec/mod_log_bytes.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Oct 13 07:47:48 web rc: Starting httpd: failed
Invalid command 'BytesLog', perhaps mis-spelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
The problem with this kind of symptom is most likely due to the cause that the mod_belimited.so, mod_log_bytes.so, or mod_bandwidth.so are deleted or corrupted. These 3 files are unique to cPanel-powered web hosting service and are used to control, monitor or restrict the bandwidth usage limit.
The resolution and solution to the error is to recompile and redeploy the missing or unable to find shared library modules. You can easily compile these cPanel modules for Apache by using the following commands:
cd /usr/local/cpanel/apache
/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -iac mod_log_bytes.c
/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -iac mod_bwlimited.c
/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -iac mod_bandwidth.c
After compilation, the .so files will automatically copied to libexec directory for Apache HTTPD web server.


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excellent deal -- All points? ...hopefully you can change the return flight date.
If you never had to eat crow then you lived one boring life.
Le Meridien Delfina Santa Monica. Free upgrade to Ocean View and personal hot tub. 16k spg.
380,000 for the five nights. Hopefully i can change one of the directions. I have until 30 days before i arrive to change the reservation.
380k for a owb?
Yeah I got lucky. I called to upgrade and was quoted 1700 points to which I said yes I'll take that. I was then transferred to someone else who then transferred me to the hotel who then told me it was $200 or 750 points per $10. He said the rate would be better by transferring me to central SPG booking. When the booking agent picked up the phone she said I already had the upgrade in my account I'm not sure if it was a booking mixup or if the request I put in when I reserved the hotel was honored. In any event I'm really excited.
Nice!! If you already completed your stay, how was the upgraded room and hot tub? Suprisingly I couldn't find any photos of the balcony jacuzzi online...I am considering spending on the upgrade if I don't get as lucky as you, so I am curious if it is worth it ; )


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December 11, 1988, Section 5, Page 37Buy Reprints
One of the Western Hemisphere's oldest synagogues is an unprepossessing building of buff-colored coral stone and mortar tucked away on a side street in Barbados's capital, Bridgetown, and surrounded by the centuries-old graves of the island's Jewish settlers.
The first synagogue on the site was built about 1651 by Jews from Recife, Brazil, fleeing Portuguese lands to English territories during the Inquisition. The original building was destroyed in a hurricane in 1831, and rebuilt two years later. (Curacao's synagogue, built in the 1660's, is the oldest continually operating synagogue in the hemisphere.) The Bridgetown synagogue, deconsecrated early in the century, was seized by the Barbados Government about five years ago and scheduled for demolition. But through the tenacity of the island's tiny Jewish community, it is now a Barbados National Trust property and is undergoing a $1 million restoration. The building, a short walk from the main shopping district, is to be rededicated as a synagogue when the restoration is finished by next winter. It will remain a National Trust property.
Today, the building's exterior, with its balustraded roofline, lancet-shaped windows and thick walls with rounded corners, appears much as it did in the 1830's, the prosperous days of Barbados's Jewish community, which led the island's sugar industry.
Walking down the narrow streets in the district, a visitor finds it easy to imagine the life of the community, which in those days numbered about 800. Many of them lived a block from the temple, on what was then known as Jew Street. Today it is Swan Street and has stores selling clothing, jewelry and dry goods, while carts at curbside spill over with pineapples, bananas, mangoes and melons. But looking up to the second floor, one can still see the reconstructed balconies, where in the cool breezes of the evening a century and a half ago the men might have sat and conversed building to building.
The history of the synagogue is in many ways the history of this community. The Recife refugees stopped on Barbados en route to Holland and other safe havens in the British Empire that Oliver Cromwell had recently opened. The English settlement on Barbados was established in 1627; the first Jewish settlers arrived a year later. They prospered in the sugar industry and built their temple, Kahal Kadosh Nidhe Israel, in the early 1650's. Public worship for Jews in Barbados came in 1654, three years before England allowed it.
After the storm and rebuilding, an item in The Barbados Globe of April 1, 1833, fairly glowed with praise about the new structure: ''It is 37 feet high and receives considerable strength from the rounding of the angles, which are capped with large antique centers uniting a balustraded parapet all round, the roof being so little elevated as not to be perceived . . . . the whole of the exterior is lightly tinged of stone color and scored out in blocks. The appearance altogether is classical and chaste.''
Over the next century, the sugar industry dwindled and many of the Jews either left or converted to Anglicanism. By the mid-1920's, only one observant Jew was left, Edmund Baeza. In 1929, he negotiated the deconsecration and sale of the temple to Henry Graham Yearwood, a Bridgetown lawyer. A temple of Sephardic roots in London, the Bevis Marks Synagogue, acted as trustee and supervised the deconsecration and sale of the temple and contents. Bevis Marks became custodian of the Torah and silver breastplate, pointer, cup and candle sticks.
Over the next 60 years, successive owners modified this classical and chaste building. The lancet arches above the windows were removed, and the windows became louvered squares. The balustrade and original roof were covered. A full second floor was added, replacing the women's gallery that projected from three sides of the interior and overlooked the altar. A lowered ceiling and new floor were put in. The building was used alternately as a warehouse, the headquarters of a horse racing club, a law library and the offices of a wholesale trading company. The cemetery outside, containing graves dating to the 1660's. received harsher treatment. For years it was used as a dump site. Rubble and trash covered the stone graves. Soon after the sale of the temple, another migration of Jews to the island began, this time from Europe. The first to arrive was a Pole from Lublin named Moses Altman. (His grandson, Paul Altman, a real-estate agent on the island, has been the prime force behind the restoration, which is being supported by the American Jewish Congress, the Commonwealth Jewish Trust, the Canadian Jewish Congress and private donations.) The property fell increasingly into disrepair. Finally, in 1983, the Barbados Government seized it, intending to raze the building and erect a courthouse. The site is across the street from the current one. The island's Jewish community, which numbers about 60, and other interested Barbadians petitioned the Cabinet to turn the building over to the National Trust. It did so in 1985 and renovation work, led by Paul Altman, began two years ago.
All the additions of the last 60 years were removed, and the building was stripped down to its two-foot-thick walls made of coral stone rubble and mortar - a virtually hurricane-proof bulk. That the original roof timbers remain intact is no surprise; they are five times thicker than modern building specifications would require - again, hurricane-proofing by a community that had lost its place of worship. The windows are now framed by double sets of peach-colored shutters, louvered inside and solid outside. The copper hood over the main entrance has been replaced, and the original roof and its detailed balustrade have been uncovered. The double steps to the women's entrance have been rebuilt and the doorway restored.
The main task now is to restore the interior to its appearance when the temple opened in 1833. Thus the interior will remain traditional. The bimah, or reader's desk, will be widely separated from from the ark in the center of the synagogue. Benches downstairs and in the gallery will form horseshoes facing the interior rather than the ark. When the synagogue is reopened, however, men and women will not be segregated for services. Inside, the gallery with its honeycomb latticework has been replaced. Eight chandeliers copied from the originals, which wound up in the Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum in Delaware, are being installed along with a dozen wall sconces. A circular stained-glass altar window, with a Star of David at its center, has been installed. Faux marble columns divide the space on the main floor, made of alternating squares of black and white Italian marble.
The restoration project is negotiating with the London synagogue for the return of the silver and the torah. Other property was held in the Barbados Museum, including a mahogany bench, a marble laver, the Hanukkah lamp and an antique clock. These are returning to the temple. New benches, with seating for 300, are being copied from the original in island mahogany.
The temple's main gates, which had been at a private home, are back in place in the stone wall surrounding the property. The cemetery, with 400 graves, has been cleaned and the stones repaired. Some are inscribed in Hebrew, English and Ladino, a blend of Spanish and Hebrew spoken in the Sephardic community.
These stones tell many stories. One says, ''Underneath this tomb lies the earthly remains of Benjamin Massia . . . . He had been reader of the Jews Synagogue for many years without fee or reward and performed the office of Circumciser with great applause and dexterity.''
Today a new community of winter visitors leaves pebbles as calling cards on the edges of these tombtones, which are testament to a small Barbadian community that has kept its history alive. RECLAIMING THE PAST The Synagogue The Bridgetown Synagogue will be open this winter Monday through Friday from 9 A.M. to noon.
It is an easy walk from the downtown shopping district. From Broad Street, turn north onto Coleridge Street and walk past Swan to James Street. Turn left on Synagogue Lane to the main entrance. There are graves to the left and right of the path. From other parts of the island, one can take a taxi and ask the driver to stop at the Central Police Station on Coleridge Street, which faces the women's entrance to the synagogue. Barbados also has a reliable bus service with a terminus in Bridgetown. From the bus station on Fairchild Street, walk over either bridge across the Inner Basin to Trafalger Square. Walk north on High Street and turn left onto James Street. Take the next right, on Synagogue Lane.
More information: Synagogue Restoration Project, Post Office Box 256, Bridgetown, Barbados; telephone 809-432-0840. Other Sites The Barbados National Trust has several other interesting properties, including a sugar windmill with its machinery intact, a couple of signal stations with dramatic views, and the trust's headquarters building dating from the 1890's, originally the winter home of Marshall Field.
The trust also holds plantation-house tours on Wednesday afternoons from January to April; admission is about $5. More information: Barbados National Trust, Pine Road and Tenth Avenue, Belleville, Barbados; 809-426-2421.
The Barbados Museum and Historical Society, in the old military prisons of the British garrison in Bridgetown, traces the history of Barbados from the days before settlement and examines the island's natural world. The museum (809-427-0201) is open Monday through Saturday from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. Admission is $4. Reading A detailed study of the cemetery and the Jewish community was made in the 1950's by a businessman and sometime historian, E. M. Shilstone. His book, ''Monumental Inscriptions in the Jewish Cemetery in Bridgetown, With Historical Notes From 1630,'' was reissued this year by Macmillan Caribbean (Roberts Stationery Barbados). It was originally published in 1956.
More information on the Jewish settlement of Barbados is available from the Barbados Board of Tourism, 800 Second Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017; in New York, 212-986-6516; in California, 213-380-2198; elsewhere, 800-221-9831.


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Archive for the 'Weed' Category
Another Knee-Jerker
Another police tool.
Last week it was license plate scanner – a necessary police tool to track and document who you are, where you live, work, shop and play. Today it's "Irrigation crackdown" in the Times-Standard. Another necessary police tool in the form of the law AB 2284 by Assemblyman Wesley Chesbro, D-Arcata on the governor's desk for signing. Chesbro says, according to Megan Hansen, "this legislation gives law enforcement new tools to protect public resource lands and private industrial timberland from harmful environmental practices. He defines the "practices" as "drug operations." The "tool," he says is, law enforcement (peace officers = Megan Hansen) would have to power to stop and question people transporting visible irrigation supplies through unpaved or gravel roads.
"Transporting visible irrigation supplies" sounds innocuous enough, doesn't it? Would that be "supplies" on a big truck or in the back of pickup? What's next fertilizers, building materials? Maybe it's permanent security check points at county lines or better yet one between Eureka and Fortuna, at Bridgeville, Garberville, Trinidad – you name it.
It's always the same thing with Knee-Jerkers. There's always some overriding need to supplant, ignore or parse long established law.
Is This Guy an MRE?
I'm not sure Eric Kirk rises to the status of an "Elite." As a younger person than I, recollecting upon previous statements of his, he came into the heart of the Emerald Triangle in its heyday. He's worked in Southern Humboldt, supporting that community as a businessman and a lawyer. That community, with rare exception embraced the counterfeit prosperity brought in by a sub-culture of outlaw marijuana growers, sellers and exporters. While to local business people postured over the lawlessness of these criminals, they were certainly not loath to look the other way as they raked in all those cash dollars. The consequences are over 50 years of generational corruption, moral and ethical debasement.
This writer's post, while certainly hilarious on it's face, certainly, to those of us that have remained unstained by the stench of this feces, is without any doubt"Morally Repugnant":
Giving growers a bad name
June 20, 2011 in Uncategorized | Tags: Arcata, Arcata Eye, marijuana | by Eric Kirk | 41 comments
Someone dumped a bunch of spent marijuana grow soil into the Arcata Bottoms, disturbing a very vulnerable habitat. The Arcata Eye has the photos.We know nothing about the people who did the dumping, and I know there are much worse transgressions than this – but what is clear is that there is a certain nihilist element in the growing community which becomes evident with each headline. This incident visually symbolizes what appears to be a decline of ethics and increase in self-centered disregard for community in an industry which is broadly trying to become legit. This is what leads public figures to rail about "unholy alliances" and will certainly contribute to a very definitive backlash.
Maybe some values are simply not surviving from one generation to the next? [Emphasis added]
Giving Growers a BAD name? Did you read the comments? You've got to read the comments. Here's how they start with one classic apologist's comment:
Kym Kemp June 20, 2011 at 12:01 pm
A good chance is that they are first generation growers folks who moved here for the money not for the lifestyle.
"First generation growers" "who moved here for the money"? I wonder where she got that idea. I was there at that time and I can tell you "they" – most "they(s)" – didn't move here for the money or "the lifestyle." They were just trying to survive the only way they knew how. "Lifestyle" – That's her romantic fantasy.
Hilarious, no? A symbol of "decline of ethics and increase in self-centered disregard for community"? You've got to be kidding me! What "community" is he talking about? I'd like to know what kind of "ethics" and "values" he's talking about. Only a "self-centered nihilist" lawyer "elitist" would ever look at the corruption caused by the "unholy alliances" between the amoral business "community" and the morally corrupt pot grower and fifty years later ask if someone's dumping "a bunch of spent marijuana grow soil into the Arcata Bottoms" is a "decline in social – community norms. In my book, that is a classic example of a "Morally Repugnant Elitist" as you can find anywhere.
PS. If you'd like to know a little more about an MRE I suggest you read the following blog: Warmongers and the MRE blow.
Passe – Blase or Just Plain Worthless?
Joe has had some interesting conversations this past week about the detrimental consequences to the North Coast social structure caused by decades of lawless profiting by everyone and their brother cashing in on the marijuana "trade." None of these people ever gave one damn about themselves, living legal, what they were doing to their communities or what they were teaching their children. Now, all they can talk about is getting pot-growing legal in such a way that they can still protect their pocketbooks. They think that will get the monkey off their backs. Problem is, they don't want anything to do with all the monkeys they put on the backs of all the law-abiding folk that really care about the communities they live in. Well, we know what they were teaching their children. Everyone on the North Coast lives with that reality.
It all may have seemed a simple matter of survival to all these lawbreakers. Grow and sell a little pot for food and shelter. It's just a harmless weed that people use for private reasons. What's the harm? Local businesses were suffering and all that cash money was a god-send. That symbiotic relationship grew until the hills and the towns proliferated with their blood money. In the meantime, no thanks to these criminals, everyone was subjected to their corrupt influences. Mob rule became the norm, the ends justifies the means and now these rebels all want everyone to forgive and forget; amnesty. So, is it any surprise that the Bush Republican's and their complicit enablers' assault on the law these past years gets the same pass? Read the following article by Glenn Greenwald and see if the hair doesn't stand up on the back of your neck everytime you think about what these people have done to society.
Glenn Greenwald
Tuesday March 3, 2009 06:31 EST
The newly released secret laws of the Bush administration
Various universal perception biases always make it difficult to assess how genuinely consequential contemporary events are: events in the present always seem more important than ones in the past; those that affect us directly appear more significant than those that are abstract, etc. (though powers of denial — e.g.: all of those bad things I've read about in history can't happen to me and my country and my time — undercut those biases). Whatever else is true, it seems undeniably clear, at the very least, that the extreme decay and instabilities left in the wake of the Bush presidency will alter many aspects of the social order in radical and irrevocable (albeit presently unknowable) ways.
One of the central facts that we, collectively, have not yet come to terms with is how extremist and radical were the people running the country for the last eight years. That condition, by itself, made it virtually inevitable that the resulting damage would be severe and fundamental, even irreversible in some sense. It's just not possible to have a rotting, bloated, deeply corrupt and completely insular political ruling class — operating behind impenetrable walls of secrecy — and avoid the devastation that is now becoming so manifest. It's just a matter of basic cause and effect.
Yet those who have spent the last several years pointing out how unprecedentedly extremist and radical was our political leadership (and how meek and complicit were our other key institutions) were invariably dismissed as shrill hysterics. As but one of countless highly illustrative examples, here is a November, 2004 David Broder column scoffing at the notion that there was anything radical or unusual taking place in the U.S., dismissively deriding the claim that there was anything resembling an erosion of basic checks and safeguards in the United States:
Bush won, but he will have to work within the system for whatever he gets. Checks and balances are still there. The nation does not face "another dark age," unless you consider politics with all its tradeoffs and bargaining a black art.
That was (and still is) the prevailing attitude among our political and media elites: it was those who were sounding alarm bells about the radicalism and damage of the Bush administration — not Bush officials themselves — who were the real radicals and, worst of all, were deeply Unserious.
* * * * *
Anyone get the connection?


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Saturday, 25 August 2012
Elephants never forget
I made two cushions with elephants from Valerie Wells's Karavan range raw-edge appliqued on them, a clutch with a really cute elephant bead on the front and elephant material (I can't remember which now, annoyingly) as lining for the inside. I also made a matching coin purse which I forgot to photograph. There's also a stuffed owl and to round things off, an elephant-shaped therapeutic rice bag. This has rice scented with patchouli and sandalwood oils that can be heated up in the microwave and used to relive aches and pains.
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