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Saturday, April 21, 2012
School holidays are always a time to rejuvenate, discover, laugh and give your brain a break from working so hard. I have spent time resting, visiting friends, reading, playing games and enjoying some time outdoors in the glorious Autumn weather.
I had physiotherapy this week and it was such a relief for me as my spine had been rather painful. Kaitlyn discovered that my lower spine has twisted slightly to the left while up the top part was to twisted to the right whilst up in my neck was to the left. She was able to release it which provided me with some relief from the pain. I have a new exciting exercise to do and that is sitting in a chair and having someone throw a ball to me, alternating throwing it to the left and then to the right, this is a balancing exercise. I do my physiotherapy exercises every day, it is important to do them as they assist me to stay strong.
An exciting event from this week was the arrival of an electric wheelchair, it is to allow me some independence and also it provides more support for my back than what the manual one I have does. Tom, my Occupational Therapist came and showed me how to operate it, he even brought me an 'L' plate to begin with, but I was not on that for very long, I quickly progressed to my 'P' plate. The wheelchair is operated with a joy stick, similar to one you find on a game controller, then there is also a speed button, it goes from very slow to faster. Jarrett and Nalani also got to have a go on it so that they could experience how it all worked and how to operate it, in case I ever need any assistance.
My Occupational Therapist is an extremely inspiring person, he ran in the Canberra Marathon, he told me that at the 36km point he did not think he could continue but he thought of me and that gave him the determination to continue and finish. I was so excited for him, running such a long distance would take its toll on a person and would take such courage and determination. I think competing in a Marathon is very much like battling cancer, it can be so difficul, yet getting to the end of the race would be so rewarding. Just like beating cancer would be like crossing that finish line after going such a long distance. So you can imagine that I was so honoured, humbled and quite emotional when he wanted me to have his medal, I will treausre it and whenever I look at it I will be inspired and determined.
Finally my Wests Tigers won a game and they won so convincingly, beating the Panthers 30-0, I was so thrilled and hope that they will now be on a winning streak and forge their way back up the ladder just as they did in 2005.
It was our oldest cat Paris Birthday on 20th April, she turned 13, the vet told us that she is now a geriatric cat , as with people, old age brings a number of changes for older cats. Old cats are often less active and their muscle tone tends to reduce, frequentlyy older cats suffer from a poor appetite as their senses of taste and smell often deteriorate, they have reduced vision and hearing, they often have an increased water requirement due to reduced kidney function, but reduced mobility and reduced appetite may result in reduced water intake, putting them at risk of dehydration, with increasing age their immune system can become less efficient, leading to increased susceptibility to infection, they tend to sleep less heavily but more frequently and they often have poor coats. Paris is keeping well at present and just lately she has started sleeping on my bed all the time.
On Saturday Jarrett is racing in the Anzac Day Relays at Stromlo, it is supposed to be a lovely day and it will be terrific to watch him race. The race is not on the grass course it is on the bicycle criterion course, so it will be run extremely fast. Last year the team that Jarrett was in won the relays, so he is hoping they can do it again.
I hope that the second week of the holidays will not go too quickly, we are planning to go up Telstra Tower to look at the spectacular view of Canberra so hopefully the weather will stay perfect for that adventure.
Thanking everyone for their encouraging comments I appreciate them all. With my school work load I have not had much time to work on fund raising for the Brain Tumour Fund but I am hoping that I will be able to work on a project over the next few months so that I can continue to contribute towards helping towards research to help find a cure for this destructive cancer.
5 comments:
Hello Dainere,
You words always inspire me to be a better person.
I hope the Tigers can keep on improving.
Kind regards,
- April 21, 2012 at 7:54 PM
Hello dear Dainere,
It's great to hear that you are spending time resting and recovering from a busy Term 1.
How exciting that your electric wheelchair has arrived. Tom sounds like a wonderful therapist and I'm sure that the chair will make life a lot easier for you. What a splendiferous gesture it was for Tom to give you his medal. Like all of us, he admires your wonderful spirit and courage.
I'm sure you were cheering out loud as the Tigers won so handsomely. Hopefully this is the beginning of their come-back!
Enjoy the rest of the school holidays, especially your trip to Telstra Tower. I'm sure the autumn colours will be spectacular from up there!
Lots of love and big hugs,
Anna xoxoxoxox
- April 21, 2012 at 10:20 PM
- Dianne said...
Dear Dainere
It is good to read your blog entry, your motorised wheelchair will give you freedom to move without wearing yourself out. Did you beat Jarrett and Nalani to 'P plates' - is that correct :)
I hope you have a great week and return to school fresh and rested. I'm looking forward to seeing you at High Noon on May 6. Take care,
Lv Dianne
- April 21, 2012 at 10:58 PM
HI Dear Dear Dainere , oh yes i used to love school holidays , but they always went so fast . Sounds like you had a great time doing all those things , well done .
Wow Kaitlyn sounds like an awesome physio too , she is such a good help for you . Oh yes physio exercises are most important .
Tom also sounds great , we are so glad you now have this new piece of equipment .
Wow , what a superb gesture of Tom , to give you his medal , a true sportsman . WE bet its in pride of place in your bedroom .
So glad your Tigers have won a game , as you know , i am totally lost when it comes to this sport , but never the less so glad they won for you .
Wow 13 thats agreat age for Paris. Glad that she is well .
Hope Jarrett did well in the race on Saturday at Stromlo.
WE will be interested to know which project you will do for the brain tumour fund this year , when you have time to start it .
Lots of love and kuddles and best wishes , Meryl and i are working out when we will go to Cooma and on the way we will drop in and see you . i will let mum know the date we hope to come .
lots of love
stuart and meryl
- April 23, 2012 at 3:57 PM
- Bronz68 said...
Hi Dainere,
I thought of you today when I was sitting in a class and a student that I teach achieved an A in a maths test. He has an intellectual disability and struggles with most of the work that he is given but preservers and keeps going and when he got 100% he was so proud. He reminds me of you. Your courage and perseverance is such an inspiration.
I hope that you enjoy the last little bit of your holidays. Ours finished here just as you were starting. The weather is cold here at the moment and people are complaining that it is too cold and I smile and think that it is so mild here in comparison to what you and other Canberra residents are to expect this winter. LIfe really is a matter of perspective.
Say hello to you mum and family for me. I think of you all lots and remember you in my prayers each night. Take care and keep writing.
Bronwyn Chatfield
- April 24, 2012 at 5:38 PM


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Yes! You can request to merge accounts by contacting our CS agents.
How it works is that we close the account that you want to stop using and move all the cashback to the account that you want to use actively. However, before we close the account, do ensure that all cashbacks from purchases are already available as we cannot transfer orders with "Pending" status since it is awaiting validation from the merchant, this does not refers to bonuses.
All available cashbacks and bonuses in the account you want to close, it would be added as "bonus" to your active Shopback account.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thursday, January 29, 2015
Just try to rewrite "DEATH BY DIALOGUE"!
We have a lovely bunch of coconuts in store for February. And we get to bring you our show on a special Friday the 13th! Every once in a while, a movie crosses our path that makes us say, "It's called what --?" Thankfully, that movie is 1988's "Death By Dialogue."
Another gem from the direct-to-VHS boom of the 1980s, the film concerns a group of teenagers headed out to the country for some spring break fun (because nothing says "party" like hanging around fields of dead grass and unkempt trees). They are staying at the home of one of the kids' uncle, a retired taxidermist. The uncle is also the unwilling guardian of a haunted movie script, which the kids eventually discover. Whoever reads the script will find themselves pursued and killed by sinister forces. The kids attempt to discover the nature of the curse before the script gets rid of all of them.
I know, right?!
The producers thought a big selling point would be to cast Ken Sagoes, the unexpected and hilarious star of "Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors." Even Ken could not dream his way out of this wonderfully ludicrous movie. Wait until you see the deadly heavy metal band (trailer is NSFW on account of boobies).
FRIDAY, February 13th, 2015
9PM (doors 8:30)
NerdMelt Showroom
7522 Sunset Blvd., Hollywood, Calif. 90046
Tickets: $8. in advance ($10. at the door)
We are excited to have you come and riff the movie with us! We have one of the stars of the film scheduled to appear after the show for a Q&A. As always, we will have excellent stand-up comedy from some of L.A.'s best comics. There will be cheap snacks & drinks, and FREE POPCORN! Remember, the best one-liners of the night will win prizes. Get your tickets cheap in advance, and bear in mind the show is FRIDAY this month.
Stalk us on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and via our email list. Make sure to get on it as we have a very special guest co-host planned for a future show, and the email list will get first crack at tickets.
See you soon!
Posted by Horrible Movie Night at 3:19 PM No comments:
Wednesday, January 14, 2015
Too horrible for HMN! Exhibit O: "Lazarus the Legend"
First off, a huge thanks to the awesome crowd of fans that packed our last show at NerdMelt, and our awesome guest, actor Toni Hudson. It was amazing. We will be back on Friday, Feb. 13th (Friday the 13th, yo) with another cinematic disaster. Get on our mailing list, as we are planning a killer guest very soon. Email listers will get first crack at tickets before we announce to the general public.
Next is another in our ongoing series of movies, for one reason or another, that are just too damned bad for HMN. This time, we feature "LAZARUS THE LEGEND." Shot on video in 1991, this oddball kung-fu nightmare was directed by Matt Frazinni in Erie, PA. It won an award at a local film festival, then disappeared for decades. Tales of this missing masterpiece were passionately woven in bad movie circles. Unfortunately, after years of working in local TV, Matt was killed in car crash in 2009. The family decided to honor his memory by finally releasing "Lazarus" to the public.
The movie's brazen, balls-out action and insanity is jaw-dropping. Unable to score the movie himself, the director chose to use the music from the original "Star Trek" TV show, with sound effects pulled from Bruce Lee movies. Your mind might start to warp with the unending kung-fu battles, and the laconic intercuts to the sleepy puppet masters behind the effort to destroy Lazarus. It's truly a sight to behold.
The awesome folks at Adjust Your Tracking are offering a special edition of the movie in a VHS clamshell. All profits to the Frazinni family are being donated to a local Pennsylvania animal shelter. Go check it out! Here also is a link to view the movie on YouTube.
See you in February! Get on our email list and you won't miss a horrible thing.
Posted by Horrible Movie Night at 10:54 AM No comments:
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Tuesday, November 25, 2014
The Vancouver Short Film Festival (VISFF) is holding a bonus film screening of ten classic VISFF films on Friday, November 28 at 7pm. The films by local Vancouver Island filmmakerswill be shown at Vancouver Island University in one of the large lecture theatres (Bldg. 355, room 203).
Admission is $5 and will help raise funds for artists fees for the 2015 Festival.
For more information visit the VISFF website HERE.
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Weighing Your Weight Loss Surgery Options
Weighing Your Weight Loss Surgery Options
Deciding that you are going to seriously investigate a bariatric procedure is a huge decision. Deciding which of the available procedures is best for you is also a major choice. Michael Feiz, M.D., F.A.C.S. is one of the nation's leading weight loss specialists and there are few better people to help you weigh your options when it comes to the discussion of lap band vs gastric sleeve vs. other procedures.
Each patient is a unique individual and there are many reasons why a surgery that might be perfect for one person might not be ideal for another. Many people gravitate towards the lap band because it is minimally invasive through its innovative use of laparoscopic technology. Others lean towards it because the procedure is both adjustable and reversible, allowing the surgeon to adjust the usable portion of the stomach or to remove the band completely. It can also be converted to another procedure later on.
Others, however, lean towards the gastric sleeve which is less invasive than older techniques while also being extremely effective. This surgery removes 75-85% of the stomach to create a sleeve like shape. The portion of the stomach that's removes includes a section called the fundus which is believed to be responsible for the production of a hormone called ghrelin, which may be responsible for the powerful feelings of hunger that arise even when we have had plenty to eat.
Whichever surgery you select, Dr. Feiz is one of the nation's most skilled surgeons. That's why he's the doctor for a gastric sleeve or lap band surgery Los Angeles patients trust. If you are serious obtaining a bariatric procedure and are unsure of which procedure is best, there are few better people to learn from.


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Like Him or Not Dave Ramsey Takes A Stand On Financial Freedom
Some suggest Dave Ramsey is a polarizing figure while others swear by his advice. Hopefully we can provide you with enough information to form your own opinion.
Dave Ramsey is widely known for his daily radio show and the "Total Money Makeover" book he wrote.
Dave's personal story began when, in his twenties, he had accumulated wealth in the millions, only to lose it all, declare bankruptcy and have to start over. Less than ten years later, he was a millionaire again. His road to wealth the second time was helping people out of the same credit experiences he had.
One very important point Dave makes about debt and wealth is: Winning at money, personal finance and wealth building is 80% behavior and 20% knowledge.
His new path to wealth is based on seven simple, common sense "Baby Steps". The video explains it quite simply and clearly.
Dave Ramsey on How to be Financially Successful
Dave Ramsey is a 'tough love' guy who 'tells it like it is', teaching how to get out of debt and accumulate wealth. Whether or not you like his style is not important. What is vitally important however, is his message.
Learn To Budget Your Money
According to Dave, (and we agree) you need to tell your money what it has to do. Use the free budget worksheets we've provided, or create your own to get started. In the video, Dave Ramsey suggests using a simple envelope system to manage your money but, if you want to be a little more sophisticated, you can consider a budgeting software program. Two highly rated programs are mvelopes and YNAB or "You Need A Budget". Neither is free but they do come with many free options and features.
The difference with YNAB is it provides you with a forward thinking budget that keeps you aware of your saving and spending activities in advance. Find out more details at the YNAB site where you can read more about how to create an effective budget.
What's In A Name
There are a number of variations to Dave Ramsey's Debt Snowball method of paying off debt. Some may refer to a roll-over plan. Whatever you call it doesn't really matter, because its effectiveness is in the fact that Dave's Debt Snowball takes into account the human psychology of debt and recovery. People don't get into debt because they are poor in math. It is the variety of human psychological triggers that cause people to use their credit cards, not pay the entire bill at the end of the month and go into debt. He gets that.
That is quite likely why his 'Baby Steps' to Financial Freedom is so successful.
His Baby Steps include:
1. Save $1,000 cash as a starter emergency fund
2. Start the debt snowball
3. Finish the emergency fund – accumulate 3-6 months of expenses
4. Invest 15% of your income in retirement
5. Save for college
6. Pay off your home mortgage
7. Build wealth – Invest, donate, enjoy life without going into debt.
It is time to take control of the human psychology that triggers YOU getting into debt. It comes down to motivation and celebrating successes.
For example, it makes more financial sense to put your extra cash into the debt with the highest interest rate. However, by paying off smaller debts, the number of debts you do have decreases. These successes give you the motivation to continue your payments and stay on track for a debt free life. You may want to watch that video again and purchase The Total Money Makeover: A Proven Plan for Financial Fitness by Dave Ramsey.
Which Credit Cards Do I Pay Off First? Our Debt Action Guide offers several creative payment methods.
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I have no desire to keep up with the Jones'...The Jones' are broke!
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Okay, folks, do you want to turn those fat and flabby expenses into a well-toned budget? Do you want to transform your sad and skinny little bank account into a bulked-up cash machine?...
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- Price$689,000
- Beds3
- Baths3
- SQ. Feet1,450
- Built2019
4010 Manhattan Ave, Brooklyn
Welcome to 4010 Manhattan Avenue nestled in the private and gated community of Sea Gate, Brooklyn. These lovely new construction semi-detached homes have a seaside feel. Featuring 1,450 square feet of living space, 3 bedrooms, 3 baths, custom kitchen with granite countertops, stainless steel appliance package, wood floors, master bedroom with sliding glass doors to private balcony. Enjoy your morning coffee taking in the ocean view and sea breeze, Some amenities your family will enjoy - being steps away from Seagate Beach Club, private police department and conveniently located near B36, B74, X28 buses, D, F, Q, N trains. Summer 2019 Delivery. Final Real estate taxes to be determined by the Dept. of finance.
Essential Information
- Price$689,000
- Bedrooms3
- Bathrooms3.00
- Full Baths2
- Half Baths1
- Square Footage1,450
- Year Built2019
- TypeResidential
- Sub-TypeOne Family Semi-Attached
- StyleColonial
- StatusActive
- AmenitiesPlayground
- ParkingOffStreet
- GaragesNone
- ExteriorStone, Stucco
- Exterior FeaturesBalcony
Listing Details
- Listing OfficeAmerican Homes Group
Community Information
- Address4010 Manhattan Ave
- AreaSea Gate
- SubdivisionSea Gate
- CityBrooklyn
- CountyKings
- StateNY
- Zip Code11224
- AppliancesRefrigerator, Dishwasher, Microwave
- HeatingForced Air
- CoolingCentral
- # of Stories3
Additional Information
- ZoningR3-1
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
Listing data is deemed reliable but it not guaranteed accurate by the MLS.
Listing information is provided by the Staten Island Multiple Listing Service, Inc.


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Made exclusively from grapes grown in Orange, in some of the highest altitude vineyards in Australia. These high altitude vineyards bring much to the table, creating wines of restraint and elegance akin to European styles but always with Australian fruit character.
The delicate embroidery on the labels reflects the unique characteristics of each wine, depicting different branches, fruits and flowers. Each piece of embroidery took skill, patience and a little love to make, just like the wine inside each bottle.


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Summer Camp
Due to Cantabile's performing and touring commitments, Cantabile's Summer Camp will not be held during summer 2018. Cantabile Youth Singers of Silicon Valley offers a summer camp for children six to ten years old that features singing, acting, crafts, and outdoor activities. Our highly trained and experienced teachers engage children in fun, creative and educational activities involving singing, dancing, and playing instruments. The camp's location at Los Altos Hills Town Hall allows children to experience the beauty and joy of music making in a serene environment where nature is close by. Each week's theme invites children to make imaginary journeys to their favorite places with an exploration of music through singing, craft-making, and play. Each camp will end with a Friday performance for friends and family.


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$300 Non-refundable deposit
These packages are for the cost of our services and do not include the cost of the yacht itself.
Private Yacht Charters: Prices and hours of the charters vary by each yacht company and include captain and crew, and food and drink are extra. You would speak with their catering department directly about their services and to obtain a quote. Prices start at $6,000.
Private Yacht Charters for 40 people or less: There are catamarans that will do charters for up to 18 people and another that holds up to 40 people. You may bring your own drinks and hors d' oeuvres, no dinner is available. These charters start at about $1500.
Public Yacht Charters: Some public yachts have private spaces for groups while others do not. You may have a smaller group and yet want a dinner cruise reception. The yacht company will have your entire party in the same location on the yacht for you to enjoy your reception together. A general public cruise and meal starts at about $65++ per person. You would call them directly to make your reservation.
Area charters available at: Naples, Marco Island, Ft. Myers, Tampa, Clearwater, Sanibel & Captiva Islands, Sarasota, Destin /Ft Walton Beach and Fort Lauderdale.
For more information about the Yacht packages, please contact us at 800-846-LOVE (5683), email firstname.lastname@example.com, or fill out our contact form.
If a yacht wedding is not cost effective for you, check out our beach wedding packages and consider doing a dinner cruise for your reception!


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Date(s) - 08/18/2019
11:00 am - 3:00 pm
Lake Street
*Stock up on organic produce, jams, cheese, dips, sweets.
*Pick out an artisan-crafted piece of jewelry, art or wine rack.
*Enjoy the music of local musicians
*Try the novelty gifts and lemonade of local non-profit Sacred Transformations young fundraisers.
*Pursue the books and flowers at the Miller Garden Club booth
*Sample the hot food from our variety of hot food vendors or cool down with a Bahama ice
*Buy some raffle tickets
*Celebrate the wonderful community of Miller Beach
See you soon! For more info call: 219-238-6758 or visit http://millerbeacharts.org


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U.S. Commerce officials in town for export conference
There are supposed to be plenty of business opportunities in the Americas for Minnesota and U.S. businesses. But how do small business owners even start figuring out those countries?
That's where the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration comes in, bringing in U.S. Commercial Service workers from embassies around the world to annual conferences where they can educate business executives.
Minneapolis is hosting two such annual conferences this year: an Access the Western Hemisphere Conference on Tuesday and Wednesday, and a Gateway to Europe conference on June 4 and 5.
Michael Camunez, assistant secretary of commerce for market access and compliance, said Tuesday that it's a coincidence that Minneapolis is getting two conferences. But still, he said, "Minnesota is doing a terrific job exporting globally. … It's an export-friendly state."
Camunez cited the local work with the Metro Export Initiative sponsored by the Brookings Institution's Metropolitan Policy Program.
"The Western Hemisphere is open for business. It's time to take a new look," Camunez said during his opening remarks Tuesday at the conference, held at the Radisson Plaza Hotel downtown.
Camunez touted a "line from Vancouver to Santiago, Chile" of free trade agreements that make U.S. businesses more competitive. And even in a large country such as Brazil, where there is no free trade agreement, a fast-growing middle class is creating markets for U.S. goods, Camunez said.
"The region, like all parts of the world, is not without its challenges," he acknowledged. Hurdles include customs red tape, weak enforcement of intellectual property rights, sometimes hard-to-understand regulations and flat-out corruption.
But the federal government has resources, including the U.S. Commercial Service, that can help, Camunez said.
Conferences such as Access the Western Hemisphere often draw owners of small- to medium-sized businesses interested in export opportunities, said Mara Lee, an International Trade Administration public affairs official.
Lee said the Access the Western Hemisphere conference drew in about 200 executives, the majority from Minnesota but also from across the region and nation, to hear from 10 senior commercial diplomats covering more than 15 markets.
Many Minnesota businesses already recognize the value of exporting in the Americas. Canada by far is the state's largest foreign trading partner, with $6.024 billion worth of goods and commodities exported up north in 2012, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
The value of Minnesota exports to Mexico grew by 6.7 percent to $1.297 billion last year, with Mexico surpassing Japan as the state's third-largest export destination.
"It is an extraordinary economic partner. There are huge synergies between the United States and Mexico," Camunez said after his talk. Nearly half of the components in goods imported from Mexico come from the United States originally, he said.
When it comes to tapping into foreign markets, conferences such as Access the Western Hemisphere offer a "very unique opportunity" for business owners to meet in person with federal officials who are otherwise working in the countries in which they are experts, said David Noah, president of Eagan-based software company Shipping Solutions.
Noah's company, a $1 million- to $5 million-a-year business that provides export document preparation software, was a conference sponsor. He has found that business owners are hesitant to get into exporting because of the need to learn different languages, cultures, taxes and fees, and regulations.
But Noah thinks there also is tremendous opportunity, especially with a growing middle class in countries including Mexico and Brazil.
"The majority of the purchasing power is outside the United States," Noah said.


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Clean Machine Auto Sales, Detail, Tinting, 360-423-7054
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1170 Commerce ave, Longview WA 98632


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Explore what is changing the lives of tens of thousands of people in more than 170 countries around the world.
Meet the creators of Access Consciousness & read about how it became a worldwide movement.
Explore what the 3 key tools of Access are and how you can use them to start creating the change you desire.
Receive tips of what you can choose to get started. You know what will work for you!
There are many videos about Access Consciousness that you can explore! Watch a few that we recommend starting with, in no particular order.
Hear from people all over the world about how they are different after Access Consciousness.
Read news articles, watch videos, listen to pods and radio shows – you can find Access Consciousness in many media channels!
Explore some of the most frequently asked questions about Access Consciousness.
There are thousands of Access Consciousness events and classes offered weekly around the world. You can search for a class by topic, facilitator, language or location in our class calendar.
Gary Douglas travels extensively facilitating advanced Access Consciousness classes as well as a range of evening and several day workshops on specific topics from Choice and Possibilities, to Money, Benevolent Capitalism, Relationships and more.
Dr. Dain Heer offers classes on a wide array of topics through out the world and is best known for his transformation process The Energetic Synthesis of Being as well as the Being You, Changing the World events.
Simone Milasas travels extensively facilitating advanced Access Consciousness classes as well as a range of evening and several day workshops on specific topics from Choice and Possibilities, Relationship Done Different, Business Done Different, Getting Out of Debt Joyfully and more.
Brendon Watt travels extensively facilitating beginning advanced Access Consciousness classes as well as a range of evening and several day workshops on specific topics from The Foundation, Choice and Possibilities, Relationship Done Different, and more.
The Access Bars are the very core and foundation of Access Consciousness. It can be the starting point of a great adventure and it can be something you add to your life that will assist you in creating a greater ease with everything.
Dr. Dain Heer offers classes on a wide array of topics through out the world and is best known for his transformation process The Energetic Synthesis of Being (ESB).
Dr. Dain Heer offers classes on a wide array of topics through out the world and is well known for his Being You, Changing the World events, based on his bestselling Being You, Changing the World book.
The Speciality Programs are branches of Access Consciousness where you can dive deeper into particular topics with specialized facilitators. Each program offer introductory classes, advanced classes and certification facilitator training.
Access Consciousness offers classes on an infinite array of topics. There are many types of variety classes available.
Access Consciousness have many ways of engaging with the tools worldwide via expos, meet ups, radio shows, tele summits, google hangouts and more.
Each Access Facilitator is facilitated by the creators of Access Consciousness, Gary Douglas and Dr. Dain Heer. There are several license types for Access Consciousness Core Classes as well as Specialty Programs and Special Topic Classes.
Are you looking for more change? Use our search function to find a facilitator near you.
Access Consciousness has over 8,000 facilitators and practitioners in more than 170 countries. Find all their specific certifications and licenses here.
Find an article on almost any topic you could think of! Where would you like your adventure to begin?
Explore the leadership and capitalism that is about building longer-term and sustainable businesses, that have a positive impact on society and the planet.
A curation of content from all over the world with input from Dr. Dain Heer. To empower, inspire, invite and awaken you!
We created a special log in help page to assist you!
The Being You classes are designed to take you from having a life run on autopilot into becoming fully alive and totally present as the infinite being you truly be.
It will open you up to an expanded awareness of a life without judgment and empower you to know that you know.
These series of classes are facilitated by Dr. Dain Heer, author of the popular Being You, Changing the World and they're available live and online all over the world.
Evenimentele Fii tu, schimbă lumea sunt despre a păși în uimitoarele tale posibilități și darul care ai venit să fii aici în lume. Dezvoltând pe baza cărții lui Dr. Dain Heer Fii tu, schimbă lumea, Dr. Heer folosește instrumentele din Access Consciousness în combinație cu procesul lui energetic unic de transformare pe care l-a creat, numit Sinteza energetică a ființei.
Vino alături de Dr. Dain Heer pentru o călătorie de seară către cine ești tu, unde începe într-adevăr partea distractivă a acestei realități și unde poți schimba ceea ce ai crezut odată că este imposibil de schimbat. Dr. Dain îți va oferi instrumente simple și puternice pentru a debloca energiile subconștiente și fundamentale care te limitează.
Ce se întâmplă dacă călătoria urmează să fie ființa infinită care sunt într-adevăr, este cea mai mare aventură vei merge vreodată? Dacă ați avut pașii să fie ... ai face călătoria? Ca parte a accesului de sensibilizare, Dr. Dain Heer a creat o serie unică de clase pe elementele ființei care sunt proiectate pentru a vă permite să știți că sunteți creatorul vieții și viața ta.
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Kingdom Hearts 3
Publisher: Square Enix
Developer: Square Enix
Platforms: PS4, Xbox One
Tetsuya, you should invest your time into releasing Final Fantasy 15 and Kingdom Hearts 3 instead!
Posted By Rashid Sayed | On 10th, Aug. 2014 Under News | Follow This Author @GamingBoltTweet
Famed director Tetsuya Nomura has revealed his alternate look at Batman also known as The Dark Knight. Nomura is the director of two of the most anticipated games of this generation, Final Fantasy XV and Kingdom Hearts 3. Both of these games haven't received any substantial updates in the last one year, although Square Enix claims that they are both deep in development.
As you can see below, Nomura's take on the Japanese inspired Batman is very close to his character designs in Final Fantasy game. Now only if Square Enix and Warner join hands to release this as a special skin for Batman in the upcoming Batman Arkham Knight. On a related note, a fan has replicated Kingdom Hearts 3's Keyblade. Keyblades have been used throughout the Kingdom Hearts series such as the Ultima Weapon, Keyblade of People's Hearts and Pumpkinhead.
Final Fantasy 15 and Kingdom Hearts 3 will also be absent at this year's Gamescom but with the Tokyo Games Show fast approaching, we can hope that the Japanese based publisher will reveal new information then. Final Fantasy 15 and Kingdom Hearts 3 are due for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. A release date has not been specified yet.
Source: Square Enix Merchandise Division Twitter Feed, Reddit.
Contact Us About Us Staff Advertise With Us Privacy Policy Terms of Use Reviews Policy Hooked Gamers Community Policy


text: a look back to when i was at my leanest and also have two happy ankles. at that point, i was eating well and exercising optimally while on properly working ankles. i liked it back then when i was at my lowest body fat percentage with a four pack, while being able to do eleven consecutive pullups. i'm not liking where i am at now; i'm sure the stresses at work and injury troubles plays a big factor. let the cutting phase begin to get back to the best shape i've ever been. the time is now to stay focused on my goals and disciplined on how i'm going to get there


text:
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Tag Archives: homemade
Pizza + Pulled Pork. Genius.
Pizza dough is easy. Say it with me. Homemade pizza dough is easy. Dough makes people nervous unless it's in the form of $10's, $20's or better yet $100's. Is it the yeast? The rising? The kneading? Making bread is … Continue reading
Posted in Bread & Baking, Freezer Friendly, Uncategorized Tagged bacon, baking, homemade, pizza, pizza dough, pulled pork Leave a comment


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Hyper-V Nested Virtualization? In Windows 10?!
The title of this article was my reaction when I saw the news. And I was even more excited when I read that I already have the Windows 10 Insider fast ring preview installed (build 10565) that will allow me to try it out! Considering that my work machine I have installed it on (not… Read more
- Tags: Geeky-Cool, Hyper-V, News, Virtualization, Windows 10


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A travel app unlike any guidebook for only 85 Yen. Time to travel around the world. Explore the World's unexplored through a series of picture slideshows called, "No Travel? No Life!".
The slideshows contain over 100 pictures with subtitles explaining the countries' notable sceneries, culture and history.
Once through with the slideshow, you should be familiar with the country's scenery and the facts.
Recommended to people:
* Who want to travel, but rarely have the time.
* Who have interests in the cultures and scenery of foreign countries.
* Who are stressed and want to escape from the real world.
* Who want to show their kids a new place.
* Who plan to travel to the country for work or vacation.
No Travel? No Life!
A bundled app to send people around the world.
Jerusalem is a holy city inhabited by the Gods.
Abraham had his divine revelation in Jerusalem. Thereafter, people started recording the Jewish history.
Jesus visited the holy city of Jerusalem proclaiming love and hope for humanity, however he met his end through crucifixion.
Muhammad also spared great efforts in Jerusalem before ascending to heaven.
As one of the only places in the world where one feels so close to the Gods, Jerusalem serves as a sanctuary for humankind.
Let's travel to the sacred land of the Jews, Christians and Muslims.
The Dome of Rock sits in the sacred land referenced in the Old Testament of the bible.
The Wall of Mourning surrounds the ancient Temple of Jerusalem built in the 10th century and worshipped as a holy place of Judaism.
An ancient town sleeps underground beneath the old town of Jerusalem.
The Church of the Holy Seplchre built on the Golgotha hill marks the end of Jesus' excruciating walk up the road called Via Dolorosa.
Since the ancient times, religion, ethnic groups and countries flourished and withered in Jerusalem. Today, the streets are full of people with tenacity, strong emotions like hatred and hope. Hear the songs of praises to the Gods as you wander about the city of Jerusalem.
Similarly, head to the coast of the Mediterranean Sea to visit the modern city of Tel Aviv or drive along the Red Sea to find the numerous resorts in Israel more modern city, Eilat.
From the ancient to the modern, the holy to the secular welcome to the city of Israel where the humans breathe the same air as the Gods.
Compatible with IPhone 3Gs, iPhone 4, iPhone 4S
iPod touch (4th generation)
Requires iOS 4.0 or later
iOS 5.0 recommended
Contents by Global Applications
Developed by Sentiment Inc.


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The Lincolnshire Landrover Club has taken time off the road to concentrate on the skies after recently raising £1,353 for the Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire Air Ambulance.
Lincolnshire Land Rover Club Chairman Sue Blackshaw with her son Simon (pictured above) recently presented the money. The funds were raised through a recent auction through at the club's recent dinner dance.
Money was also raised through a raffle.
For more details on The Lincolnshire Land Rover Club please visit www.llrc.co.uk.


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American Standard has been creating healthy, responsible, and beautifully designed bathroom and kitchen products for more than 140 years. By embracing practical utility and innovation, they've created easy-to-install faucets, self-cleaning toilets, and freestanding bathtubs designed with affordable luxury in mind. American Standard has consistently put product design and dependability first, making them a brand known and trusted by plumbing professionals. For this reason, Riverbend Home is proud to offer a wide selection of American Standard products to our residential and commercial customers.
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The speed connect drain from American Standard is an easy way to quickly install a bathroom faucet without special tools. It is pre-assembled for simple installation. Often assembling and adjusting the drain can be the most complex part of installing a bathroom sink faucet. Without these steps, you are closer to being done. Shop bathroom sink faucets with speed connect drains.
All American Standard bathroom sink faucets are designed to exceed WaterSense EPA criteria saving 45% more water compared to the typical bath faucet. WaterSense specifies a 1.5 gallon per minute (gpm) minimum and American Standard aims for 1.2 gpm. Shop the popular American Standard Townsend bathroom faucet collection.
Dual-flush toilets are also a great way to conserve water. A unique dual-flush valve can either remove solid waste with 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) or liquid waste at 0.8 gpf. Shop all American Standard Dual Flush two-piece toilets or try American Standard's other popular toilet collections - Champion, Cadet, Colony, and Edgemere.
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American Standard's commercial toilets and commercial lavatory sink faucets are designed to withstand long-time, heavy use. They are created to be water efficient, ADA compliant, and made with EverClean technology to save money, water, and remain safe and clean for longer. Best-selling options for commercial toilets include the Madera collection featuring battery, AC or DC-powered flushometers, manual flushometers, and top or back spud connections. American Standard's popular Selectronic lavatory sink faucets offer convenient and sanitary hands-free functionality for institutions or commercial facilities like restaurants, hospitals, or schools.
Shop Riverbend Home's complete selection of American Standard commercial toilets, urinals, commercial lavatory sinks, lavatory faucets, and janitorial mop and service sinks and faucets.
View our buying guides for tips on choosing a toilet, bathroom sink faucet, bathroom sink, or bathroom shower faucet. We are always here to help. Contact us with questions. Thank you for letting Riverbend Home help you find the perfect solutions for your home or commercial space.


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I know I've been doing book reviews on Fridays. This is not about a book and it's not a review, because I've seen Clerks way too many times and have way too many ideas about it to do a short, spoiler-free summary. But hey, it's also not Friday because I was tired. This is going to be more like "my thoughts on Clerks and why it's important and what we can learn from it if we want to learn anything at all." I'm not even going to try to do a spoiler-free section. This here is all you get, you've been warned. But the movie is 22 years old, I'm assuming if you want to see it you already have by now. Otherwise…go watch it! It's on Netflix, even.
So Clerks.
Is it the best movie of all time? Um…no. Is it the best movie of Kevin Smith's career? That's probably subjective and I'm sure there's someone somewhere who thinks it is, but again I'm going to say no. Is it even my favorite of the View Askew movies? …No????
But I have at times in the past called it all those things. It is a brilliant piece of work, especially considering his experience level at the time, and I love it soooo much. It is also an interesting microcosm of the whole View Askew-niverse, since I doubt he expected it would turn into a whole big series when he wrote and filmed this. There has to have been a point when he considered that this might be his only film anyone would ever see and therefore planned to tell a complete story with it.
That story is basically about how this jerk named Dante made a big mess of his life and decided to fix it by changing nothing at all. Because Dante, everybody.
I hate Dante so much. I also consider him the most relatable character in any of the films and think we have a lot in common, which is probably why I can't stand him. Dante embodies all of my worst traits and wallows in them.
Horrible people are kind of a recurring Thing in Kevin Smith movies. I appreciate that. Even outside View Askew, there are plenty of cringe-worthy moments even from otherwise fairly sympathetic characters that sting because we know we're not perfect and we've all said and done terrible things to people who didn't deserve it. (There's one in Jersey Girl that hit me so hard I can't even watch it anymore, even though I like the movie as a whole.)
But within that universe, there are several versions of this best friend duo where one person (one man, I don't think this happens with his female characters as far as I can remember right now) is a horribly offensive loudmouth with hidden depths while the other is a more politically correct soft-spoken nice guy who's kind of a jerk underneath it all. Not a bad person, just not very aware of their flaws.
And I dislike this a lot because the offensive loudmouth I do not want to like at all often delivers really important lines that cut to the central problem in the film and expose all those flaws. We wind up hearing the truths we avoid from the mouths of…well, frankly, someone who reminds me a whole lot of a certain orange creep we've all been hearing about way too much lately. It's not pleasant.
I don't think that means we need to pretend differences of opinion never matter or make friends with people who vote to take away our rights, but it is a handy reminder that we're sometimes really terrible people too and that the terrible people we want nothing to do with in our own lives are still human beings with good points of their own, however deeply buried. We don't have to like them or seek them out or try to find their good points, but we do have to realize they aren't actually villains in a film/comic/whatever. And as a UU, recognizing them as a person means recognizing they are deserving of dignity and the right to speak their minds (and to live with the consequences).
But this movie is not really about that. This movie is about Dante. And therefore, because of the annoying familiarity I mentioned earlier, this movie is about me. It's about facing the things about myself that hold me back and the ways I whine and fixate and blame others when I'm unhappy instead of changing my situation.
So, what does Randal (this movie's offensive loudmouth) suggest as a solution? Here are my favorite quotes from the Gospel of Randal:
"Hockey's hockey, at least we got to play."
"Have some chips, you'll feel better."
"I'm happy with my situation for now."
I love this. Who cares how long you get to do something or whether it went according to plan? Think about the gain rather than the loss. Take joy in the little things instead of obsessing over disappointment. It's fine to just be happy in what seems like less than you're supposed to have. Even if you want something more eventually, you don't have to have it all now. But hey, if you are unhappy with where you are right now? Don't whine about it, try to get someplace better.
Yes, of course a lot of that is steeped in privilege, there are things we can't change that are worth being angry about, etc. But that doesn't mean we can't take comfort where we find it and strive for solutions when we have the ability. And it's also largely in response to things that just don't matter as much. Dante isn't depressed about war, poverty, or racism. He's upset about his ex girlfriend dating someone else and his current girlfriend having been with other guys in the past and not getting to play hockey for more than 12 minutes during his work day. Dante's an ass. But I also know what it's like to get wrapped up in myself and teeter between two things because the path I didn't take suddenly looks so easy and tempting. And I know from experience that leads to nothing but more suffering and frustration.
(I've got this whole other thing about downer endings and the meaning of life and responsibility, but this is long so I think that'll have to wait. Bonus post!)
Discussion time! What do you think of the movie, if you've seen it? Where do you find unlikely sources of truth and wisdom (by which I'm referring to both films and irritating people)? How do you deal with your own flaws and find the humanity in people you vehemently disagree with on important things?


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And I did it! I wrote 50,257 words in only 30 days.
I'd like to thank NaNoWriMo for existing.
And I'd like to thank my mom for all her generous thoughts and ideas along the way.
Thank you, Jo, for writing with me, even though your goals were a little different.
A big thanks to other fellow writers and facebook friends for writing and doing NaNoWriMo (past times and this year) blogging, and encouraging me along the way.
Stay tuned for posts to come on how to write a novel in only 30 days (I have lots of advice now that I've done it and know it is possible).
And here's the video you've all been waiting for:
Write on!


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William III of England: Map
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Wikipedia article:
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William III
(14 November 1650 – 8 March 1702) was a sovereign
Prince of Orange
by birth.
From 1672 he governed as
William III of Orange
, and
of the
Dutch Republic
From 1689 he reigned as
William III
, and as
William II
He is informally known in
Northern Ireland
and Scotland as "King Billy".
A member of the
House of Orange-Nassau
, William won the English, Scottish, and Irish crowns following the
Glorious Revolution
, in which his uncle and father-in-law
James II
was deposed. In England, Scotland, and Ireland, William ruled jointly with his wife,
Mary II
, until her death on 28 December 1694.
, William participated in several wars against the powerful
king of France,
Louis XIV
, in coalition with Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe. Many Protestants heralded him as a champion of their faith. Largely because of that reputation, William was able to take the British crowns when many were fearful of a revival of Catholicism under James.
William's victory over James II at the
Battle of the Boyne
in 1690 is
by the
Orange Institution
Northern Ireland
to this day.
His reign marked the beginning of the transition from the personal rule of the
to the more-Parliament-centred rule of the
House of Hanover
Early life
Birth and family
William Henry of Orange was born in
The Hague
in the
Dutch Republic
on 14 November 1650.
He was the only child of
William II, Prince of Orange
, and
Mary, Princess Royal
. Mary was the eldest daughter of
King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland
, and sister of
King Charles II
Eight days before William's birth, his father died from
; thus William was the Sovereign
Prince of Orange
from the moment of his birth. Immediately a conflict ensued between the
Princess Royal
and William II's mother,
Amalia of Solms-Braunfels
, over the name to be given to the infant. Mary wanted to name him Charles after her brother, but her mother-in-law insisted on giving him the name William or
to bolster his prospects of becoming stadtholder. William II had appointed his wife as his son's guardian in his will; however the document remained unsigned at William II's death and was void. On 13 August 1651 the Dutch
Hoge Raad
(Supreme Council) ruled that guardianship would be shared between his mother, his paternal grandmother and
Frederick William
, the
Elector of Brandenburg
, whose wife,
Louise Henriette
, was his father's eldest sister.
Childhood and education
William's mother showed little personal interest in her son, sometimes being absent for years, and had always deliberately kept herself apart from Dutch society. William's education was first laid in the hands of several Dutch governesses, and some of English descent, including Walburg Howard. From April 1656, the prince received daily instruction in the
Reformed religion
from the
Cornelis Trigland
, a follower of the
Gisbertus Voetius
. The ideal education for William was described in
Discours sur la nourriture de S.
Monseigneur le Prince d'Orange
, a short treatise, perhaps by one of William's tutors,
Constantijn Huygens
. In these lessons, the prince was taught that he was
to become an instrument of
Divine Providence
, fulfilling the historical destiny of the
House of Orange
From early 1659, William spent seven years at the
University of Leiden
for a formal education, under the guidance of ethics professor
Hendrik Bornius
(though never officially enrolling as a student).
While residing in the
, William had a small personal retinue including
Hans Willem Bentinck
, and a new governor:
Frederick Nassau de Zuylenstein
, the illegitimate son of stadtholder
Frederick Henry of Orange
He was taught French by
Samuel Chappuzeau
(who was dismissed by William's grandmother after the death of his mother).
Grand Pensionary
Johan de Witt
and his uncle
Cornelis de Graeff
pushed the
States of Holland
to take charge of William's education. This was to ensure he would acquire the skills to serve in a future—though undetermined—state function; the States acted on 25 September 1660. This first involvement of the authorities did not last long.
On 23 December 1660, when William was ten years old, his mother died of
Whitehall Palace
, London while visiting her brother
King Charles II
In her will, Mary requested that Charles look after William's interests, and Charles now demanded the States of Holland end their interference. To appease Charles, they complied on 30 September 1661. In 1661, Zuylenstein began to work for Charles. He induced William to write letters to Charles asking him to help William become stadtholder someday. After his mother's death, William's education and guardianship became a point of contention between
his dynasty's supporters
and the advocates of a more republican Netherlands.
The Dutch authorities did their best at first to ignore these intrigues, but in the
Second Anglo-Dutch War
one of Charles's peace conditions was the improvement of the position of his nephew. As a countermeasure in 1666, when William was sixteen, the States of Holland officially made him a ward of the government, or a "Child of State". All pro-English courtiers, including Zuylenstein, were removed from William's company. William begged De Witt to allow Zuylenstein to stay, but he refused. De Witt, the leading politician of the Republic, took William's education into his own hands, instructing him weekly in state matters—and joining him in a regular game of
real tennis
Early offices
Exclusion from stadtholdership
At William's father's death, the provinces had suspended the office of stadtholder. The
Treaty of Westminster
, which ended the
First Anglo-Dutch War
, had a secret annex attached on demand of
Oliver Cromwell
: the
Act of Seclusion
, which forbade the province of Holland to appoint a member of the House of Orange as stadtholder. After the
English Restoration
, the Act of Seclusion, which had not remained a secret for very long, was declared void as the
English Commonwealth
(with which the treaty had been concluded) no longer existed. In 1660, Mary and Amalia tried to convince several provincial States to designate William as their future stadtholder, but they all initially refused.
In 1667, as William III approached the age of eighteen, the Orangist party again attempted to bring him to power by securing for him the offices of stadtholder and
To prevent the restoration of the influence of the House of Orange, De Witt allowed the pensionary of
Gaspar Fagel
, to induce the States of Holland to issue the
Perpetual Edict
The Edict declared that the Captain-General or Admiral-General of the Netherlands could not serve as stadtholder in any province. Even so, William's supporters sought ways to enhance his prestige, and on 19 September 1668, the States of Zeeland received him as
First Noble
To receive this honour, William had to escape the attention of his state tutors and travel secretly to
A month later, Amalia allowed William to manage his own household and declared him to be of majority age.
The province of Holland, the center of anti-Orangism, abolished the office of stadtholder and four other provinces followed suit in March 1670, establishing the so-called "Harmony". De Witt demanded an oath from each Holland
(city council member) to uphold the Edict; all but one complied. William saw all this as a defeat, but in fact this arrangement was a compromise: De Witt would have preferred to ignore the prince completely, but now his eventual rise to the office of supreme army commander was implicit. De Witt further conceded that William would be admitted as a member of the
Raad van State
, the Council of State, then the
organ administering the defence budget. William was introduced to the council on 31 May 1670 with full voting powers, despite De Witt's attempts to limit his role to that of an advisor.
Conflict with republicans
In November 1670, William obtained permission to travel to England to urge Charles to pay back at least a part of the 2,797,859
debt the House of Stuart owed the House of Orange. Charles was unable to pay, but William agreed to reduce the amount owed to 1,800,000 guilder. Charles found his nephew to be a dedicated
and patriotic Dutchman, and reconsidered his desire to show him the
Secret treaty of Dover
with France, directed at destroying the Dutch Republic and installing William as "sovereign" of a Dutch
rump state
. In addition to differing political outlooks, William found that Charles's and James's lifestyles differed from his own, being more concerned with drinking, gambling, and cavorting with mistresses.
The following year, the Republic's security deteriorated quickly as an Anglo-French attack became imminent. In view of the threat, the States of
wanted William to be appointed Captain-General as soon as possible, despite his youth and inexperience.
On 15 December 1671 the States of
made this their official policy.
On 19 January 1672 the States of
made a counterproposal: to appoint William for just a single campaign.
The prince refused this and on 25 February a compromise was reached: an appointment by the
States-General of the Netherlands
for one summer, followed by a permanent appointment on his twenty-second birthday. Meanwhile, William had written a secret letter to Charles in January 1672 asking his uncle to exploit the situation by exerting pressure on the States-General to appoint William stadtholder. In return, William would ally the Republic with England and serve Charles's interests as much as his "honour and the loyalty due to this state" allowed. Charles took no action on the proposal, and continued his war plans with his French ally.
Becoming stadtholder
"Disaster year": 1672
For the Dutch Republic 1672 proved calamitous, becoming known as the
"disaster year"
Dutch: rampjaar
) because of the
Franco-Dutch War
and the
Third Anglo-Dutch War
in which the Netherlands were invaded by France under
Louis XIV
, England,
, and
Although the Anglo-French fleet was disabled by the
Battle of Solebay
, in June the French army quickly overran the
of Gelderland and Utrecht.
William on 14 June withdrew with the remnants of his field army into Holland, where the States had ordered the flooding of
the Dutch Water Line
on 8 June. Louis XIV, believing the war was over, began negotiations to extract as large a sum of money from the Dutch as possible. The presence of a large French army in the heart of the Republic caused a general panic, and the people turned against de Witt and his allies.
On 4 July the States of Holland appointed William stadtholder, and he took the oath five days later.
The next day, a special envoy from Charles,
Lord Arlington
, met with William in
He offered to make William Sovereign Prince of Holland in exchange for his capitulation—whereas a stadtholder was a mere civil servant. When William refused, Arlington threatened that William would witness the end of the republic's existence. William made his famous answer: "There is one way to avoid this: to die defending it in the last ditch". On 7 July, the inundations were complete and the further advance of the French army was effectively blocked. On 16 July Zeeland offered the stadtholderate to William.
Johan de Witt had been unable to function as
Grand Pensionary
after having been wounded by an attempt on his life on 21 June. On 15 August William published a letter from Charles, in which the English King stated that he had made war because of the aggression of the de Witt faction. The people thus incited, de Witt and his brother,
, were murdered by an Orangist
civil militia
in The Hague on 20 August. After this William replaced many of the Dutch regents with his followers.
Though William's complicity in the lynching has never been proven (and some 19th century Dutch historians have made an effort to disprove that he was an accessory before the fact) he thwarted attempts to prosecute the ringleaders, and even rewarded some with money, and others with high offices, like
Johan van Banchem
Johan Kievit
This damaged his reputation in the same fashion as his later
actions at Glencoe
William III continued to fight against the invaders from England and France, allying himself with Spain and
In November 1672 he took his army to
to threaten the French supply lines.
By 1673, the situation further improved.
Although Louis took Maastricht and William's attack against
Michiel de Ruyter
defeated the Anglo-French fleet three times, forcing Charles to end England's involvement by the
Treaty of Westminster
; after 1673, France slowly withdrew from Dutch territory (with the exception of Maastricht), while making gains elsewhere.
Fagel now proposed to treat the liberated provinces of Utrecht, Gelderland and
as conquered territory (
Generality Lands
), as punishment for their quick surrender to the enemy. William refused but obtained a special mandate from the States-General to newly appoint all delegates in the States of these provinces. William's followers in the States of Utrecht on 26 April 1674 appointed him hereditary stadtholder.
The States of Gelderland on 30 January 1675 offered the titles of Duke of Guelders and Count of
The negative reactions to this from Zeeland and the city of Amsterdam, where the
stock market
collapsed, made William ultimately decide to decline these honours; he was instead appointed stadtholder of Gelderland and Overijssel.
During the war with France, William tried to improve his position by marrying
Mary Stuart
, his cousin and daughter of
James, Duke of York
and eleven years his junior. Although he anticipated resistance to a Stuart match from the Amsterdam merchants who had disliked his mother (another Mary Stuart), William believed that marrying Mary would increase his chances of succeeding to Charles's kingdoms, and would draw England's monarch away from his pro-French policies. James was not inclined to consent, but Charles pressured his brother to go along. Charles wanted to use the possibility of marriage to gain leverage in negotiations relating to the war, but William insisted that the two issues be decided separately. Charles relented, and Bishop
Henry Compton
married the couple on 4 November 1677. Mary became pregnant soon after the marriage, but
. After a further illness later in 1678, she never conceived again.
Throughout William and Mary's marriage, William had only one acknowledged mistress,
Elizabeth Villiers
, in contrast to the many mistresses his uncles openly kept.
Possible homosexual relations
During the 1690s rumours of William's homosexual inclinations grew and led to the publication of many satirical pamphlets. He had several male favourites, including two Dutch courtiers to whom he granted English dignities:
Hans Willem Bentinck
Earl of Portland
, and
Arnold Joost van Keppel
was created
Earl of Albemarle
. These close relationships with men and the lack of mistresses led William's enemies to suggest that he preferred
relationships. William's modern biographers still disagree on the veracity of these allegations, with some insisting that they were figments of his enemies' imaginations, and others suggesting that there may have been some truth to the rumours.
Bentinck's closeness to William aroused jealousies, but some modern historians doubt that there was a homosexual element about their relationship. The same could not be said for
, who was 20 years William's junior and strikingly handsome, and had risen from being a royal page to an earldom with suspicious ease. Portland wrote to William in 1697 that 'the kindness which your Majesty has for a young man, and the way in which you seem to authorise his liberties ... make the world say things I am ashamed to hear'. This, he said, was 'tarnishing a reputation which has never before been subject to such accusations'. William replied, saying, 'It seems to me very extraordinary that it should be impossible to have esteem and regard for a young man without it being criminal'.
Peace with France, intrigue with England
By 1678, Louis sought peace with the Dutch Republic. Even so, tensions remained: William remained very suspicious of Louis, thinking the French king desired "Universal Kingship" over Europe; Louis described William as "my mortal enemy" and saw him as an obnoxious warmonger. France's small annexations in Germany (the
policy) and the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes
in 1685, caused a surge of
refugees to the Republic. This led William III to join various anti-French alliances, such as the Association League, and ultimately the
League of Augsburg
(an anti-French coalition that also included the
Holy Roman Empire
, Sweden, Spain and several
states) in 1686.
After his marriage in November 1677, William became a possible candidate for the English throne if his father-in-law (and uncle) James were excluded because of his Catholicism. During the crisis concerning the
Exclusion Bill
in 1680, Charles at first invited William to come to England to bolster the king's position against the
, then withdrew his invitation—after which
Lord Sunderland
also tried unsuccessfully to bring William over but now to put pressure on Charles. Nevertheless, William secretly induced the States-General to send the
to Charles, beseeching the king to prevent any Catholics from succeeding him, without explicitly naming James. After receiving indignant reactions from Charles and James, William denied any involvement.
In 1685, when James II succeeded Charles, William at first attempted a conciliatory approach, whilst at the same time trying not to offend the Protestants in England. William, ever looking for ways to diminish the power of France, hoped James would join the League of Augsburg, but by 1687 it became clear that James would not join the anti-French alliance. Relations worsened between William and James thereafter. In November, James's wife
Mary of Modena
was announced to be pregnant. That month, to gain the favour of English Protestants, William wrote an
open letter
to the English people in which he disapproved of James's religious policies. Seeing him as a friend, and often having maintained secret contacts with him for years, many English politicians began to negotiate an armed invasion of England.
Glorious Revolution
Invasion of England
William at first opposed the prospect of invasion, but most historians now agree that he began to assemble an expeditionary force in April 1688, as it became increasingly clear that France would remain occupied by campaigns in Germany and Italy, and thus unable to mount an attack while William's troops would be occupied in Britain. Believing that the English people would not react well to a foreign invader, he demanded in a letter to Rear-Admiral
Arthur Herbert
that the most eminent English Protestants first invite him to invade. In June, James's wife,
Mary of Modena
, bore a son (
James Francis Edward Stuart
), who displaced William's wife to become first in the line of succession. Public anger also increased because of the trial of
seven bishops
who had publicly opposed James's religious policies and had petitioned him to reform them.
On 30 June 1688—the same day the bishops were acquitted—a group of political figures known afterward as the "
Immortal Seven
", sent William a
formal invitation
. William's intentions to invade were public knowledge by September 1688.
With a Dutch army, William landed at
in southwest England on 5 November 1688.
He came ashore from the ship
proclaiming "the liberties of England and the Protestant religion I will maintain".
William had come ashore with approximately 11,000 foot and 4,000 horse soldiers. James's support began to dissolve almost immediately upon William's arrival;
Protestant officers defected from the English army
(the most notable of whom was
Lord Churchill of Eyemouth
, James's most able commander), and influential noblemen across the country declared their support for the invader.
James at first attempted to resist William, but saw that his efforts would prove futile. He sent representatives to negotiate with William, but secretly attempted to flee on 11 December. A group of fishermen caught him and brought him back to London. He successfully escaped to France in a second attempt on 23 December. William permitted James to leave the country, not wanting to make him a
for the Roman Catholic cause.
Proclaimed King
William summoned a
Convention Parliament
in England, which met on 22 January 1689, to discuss the appropriate course of action following James's flight. William felt insecure about his position; though only his wife was formally eligible to assume the throne, he wished to reign as King in his own right, rather than as a mere
. The only precedent for a joint monarchy in England dated from the sixteenth century, when Queen
Mary I
married the Spanish Prince
. Philip remained King only during his wife's lifetime, and restrictions were placed on his power. William, on the other hand, demanded that he remain as King even after his wife's death. Although the majority of
Lords proposed to acclaim her as sole ruler, Mary, remaining loyal to her husband, refused.
House of Commons
, with a
majority, quickly resolved that the throne was vacant, and that it was safer if the ruler was Protestant.
There were more Tories in the
House of Lords
which would not initially agree, but after William refused to be a
or to agree to remaining King only in his wife's lifetime, there were negotiations between the two houses and the Lords agreed by a narrow majority that the throne was vacant.
The Commons made William accept a Bill of Rights, and on 13 February 1689, Parliament passed the
Declaration of Right
, in which it deemed that James, by attempting to flee, had abdicated the government of the realm, thereby leaving the Throne vacant. The Crown was not offered to James's eldest son, James Francis Edward (who would have been the heir-apparent under normal circumstances), but to William and Mary as joint Sovereigns. It was, however, provided that "the sole and full exercise of the regal power be only in and executed by the said Prince of Orange in the names of the said Prince and Princess during their joint lives".
William and Mary were crowned together at
Westminster Abbey
on 11 April 1689 by the
Bishop of London
Henry Compton
Normally, the coronation is performed by the
Archbishop of Canterbury
, but the Archbishop at the time,
William Sancroft
, refused to recognise James's removal.
William also summoned a Convention of the
Estates of Scotland
which met on 14 March 1689, and sent a conciliatory letter while James sent haughty uncompromising orders, swaying a majority in favour of William. On 11 April, the day of the English coronation, the Convention finally declared that James was no longer King of Scotland. William and Mary were offered the Scottish Crown; they accepted on 11 May.
Revolution settlement
William III of England encouraged the passage of the
Act of Toleration
, which guaranteed religious toleration to certain Protestant
. It did not, however, extend toleration as far as William wished, still restricting the religious liberty of Roman Catholics, non-
, and those of non-Christian faiths. In December 1689, one of the most important constitutional documents in English history, the
Bill of Rights
, was passed. The Act, which restated and confirmed many provisions of the earlier Declaration of Right, established restrictions on the
royal prerogative
. It provided, amongst other things, that the Sovereign could not suspend laws passed by Parliament, levy taxes without parliamentary consent, infringe the right to petition, raise a standing army during peacetime without parliamentary consent, deny the right to bear arms to Protestant subjects, unduly interfere with parliamentary elections, punish members of either House of Parliament for anything said during debates, require excessive
or inflict cruel and unusual punishments. William was opposed to the imposition of such constraints, but he chose not to engage in a conflict with Parliament and agreed to abide by the statute.
The Bill of Rights also settled the question of succession to the Crown. After the death of either William or Mary, the other would continue to reign. Next in the line of succession was Mary II's sister, the
Princess Anne
, and her issue. Finally, any children William might have had by a subsequent marriage were included in the line of succession. Roman Catholics, as well as those who married Catholics, were excluded.
Rule with Mary II
Resistance to validity of rule
Although most in Britain accepted William as Sovereign, a significant minority refused to accept the validity of his claim to the throne, holding that the
divine right of kings
was authority directly from God, not delegated to the monarch by Parliament. Over the next 57 years
pressed for restoration of James and his heirs.
in England and Scotland, including over 400 clergy and several bishops of the
Church of England
Scottish Episcopal Church
as well as numerous laymen, refused to take oaths of allegiance to William.
Ireland was controlled by Roman Catholics loyal to James, who arrived with French forces in March 1689 to join the
war in Ireland
and contest Protestant resistance at the
Siege of Derry
. William's navy relieved the city in July, and his army landed in August. After progress stalled, William personally intervened to lead his armies to victory over James at the
Battle of the Boyne
in July 1690, after which James II fled back to France. William's victory is commemorated annually by Northern Irish and Scottish Protestants on the
The Twelfth
of July.
The first of a series of
Jacobite risings
took place in Scotland, where
Viscount Dundee
raised Highland forces and won a stunning victory on 27 July 1689 at the
Battle of Killiecrankie
, but he died in the fight and a month later Scottish
forces subdued the rising at the
Battle of Dunkeld
William offered
Scottish clans
that had taken part in the rising a pardon provided they signed allegiance by a deadline, and his government in Scotland punished a delay with the
Massacre of Glencoe
of 1692, which became infamous in Jacobite propaganda as William had countersigned the orders.
Bowing to public opinion, William dismissed those responsible for the massacre, though they still remained in his favour; in the words of the historian
John Dalberg-Acton
, "one became a colonel, another a knight, a third a peer, and a fourth an
William's reputation in Scotland was further damaged when he refused English assistance to the
Darien scheme
, a colony which then failed disastrously.
Parliament and faction
A 1703 engraving of King William III and Queen Mary II
Although the
were William's strongest supporters, he initially favoured a policy of balance between the Whigs and Tories. The
Marquess of Halifax
, a man known for his ability to chart a moderate political course, gained William's confidence early in his reign. The Whigs, a majority in Parliament, had expected to dominate the government, and were disappointed that William denied them this chance. This "balanced" approach to governance did not last beyond 1690, as the conflicting factions made it impossible for the government to pursue effective policy, and William called for new elections early that year.
After the Parliamentary elections of 1690, William began to favour the Tories, led by
. While the Tories favoured preserving the king's prerogatives, William found them unaccommodating when he asked Parliament to support his continuing war with France. As a result, William began to prefer the Whig faction known as the
The Whig government was responsible for the creation of the
Bank of England
William's decision to grant the
Royal Charter
in 1694 to the Bank, a private institution owned by bankers, is his most relevant economic legacy. It laid the financial foundation of the English take-over of the central role of the
Dutch Republic
Bank of Amsterdam
in global commerce in the 18th century.
William dissolved Parliament in 1695, and the new Parliament that assembled that year was led by the Whigs. There was a considerable surge in support for William following the exposure of a
plan to assassinate him in 1696. Parliament passed a
bill of attainder
against the ringleader,
John Fenwick
, and he was beheaded in 1697.
War in Europe
William continued to be absent from the realm for extended periods during his war with France, leaving each spring and returning to England each autumn. England joined the League of Augsburg, which then became known as the
Grand Alliance
. Whilst William was away fighting, his wife, Mary II, governed the realm, but acted on his advice. Each time he returned to England, Mary gave up her power to him without reservation, an arrangement that lasted for the rest of Mary's life.
After the Anglo-Dutch fleet defeated a French fleet at
La Hogue
in 1692, the allies for a short period controlled the seas, and Ireland was pacified thereafter by the
Treaty of Limerick
At the same time, the Grand Alliance fared poorly in Europe, as William lost
in the
Spanish Netherlands
in 1692, and was badly beaten at the
Battle of Landen
in 1693.
Later years
Mary II died of smallpox in 1694, leaving William III to rule alone. William deeply mourned his wife's death. Despite his conversion to
, William's popularity plummeted during his reign as a sole Sovereign.
Peace with France
In 1696, the Dutch territory of
made William its Stadtholder. In the same year, Jacobites plotted to assassinate William III in an attempt to restore James to the English throne, but failed. In accordance with the
Treaty of Rijswijk
(20 September 1697), which ended the
Nine Years' War
, Louis recognised William III as King of England, and undertook to give no further assistance to James II. Thus deprived of French dynastic backing after 1697, Jacobites posed no further serious threats during William's reign.
As his life drew towards its conclusion, William, like many other European rulers, felt concern over the question of succession to the throne of Spain, which brought with it vast territories in Italy, the
Low Countries
and the
New World
. The King of Spain,
Charles II
, was an invalid with no prospect of having children; amongst his closest relatives were Louis XIV (the King of France) and
Leopold I
Holy Roman Emperor
. William sought to prevent the Spanish inheritance from going to either monarch, for he feared that such a calamity would upset the
balance of power
. William and Louis XIV agreed to the
First Partition Treaty
, which provided for the division of the Spanish Empire:
Duke Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria
would obtain Spain, while France and the Holy Roman Emperor would divide the remaining territories between them. Charles II accepted the nomination of Joseph Ferdinand as his heir, and war appeared to be averted.
When, however, Joseph Ferdinand died of smallpox, the issue re-opened. In 1700, the two rulers agreed to the
Second Partition Treaty
(also called the Treaty of London), under which the territories in Italy would pass to a son of the King of France, and the other Spanish territories would be inherited by a son of the Holy Roman Emperor. This arrangement infuriated both the Spanish, who still sought to prevent the dissolution of their empire, and the Holy Roman Emperor, to whom the Italian territories were much more useful than the other lands. Unexpectedly, the invalid King of Spain, Charles II, interfered as he lay dying in late 1700. Unilaterally, he willed all Spanish territories to
, a grandson of Louis XIV. The French conveniently ignored the Second Partition Treaty and claimed the entire Spanish inheritance. Furthermore, Louis XIV alienated William III by recognising
James Francis Edward Stuart
, the son of the former King James II who had died in 1701, as King of England. The subsequent conflict, known as the
War of the Spanish Succession
, continued until 1713.
English succession
The Spanish inheritance was not the only one which concerned William. His marriage with Mary II had not yielded any children, and he did not seem likely to remarry. Mary's sister, the
Princess Anne
, had borne numerous children, all of whom died during childhood. The death of
William, Duke of Gloucester
in 1700 left the Princess Anne as the only individual left in the line of succession established by the Bill of Rights. As the complete exhaustion of the line of succession would have encouraged a restoration of James II's line, Parliament saw fit to pass the
Act of Settlement 1701
, in which it was provided that the Crown would be inherited by a distant relative,
Sophia, Electress of Hanover
, and her Protestant heirs if Princess Anne died without surviving issue, and if William III failed to have surviving issue by any subsequent marriage. (Several Catholics with genealogically senior claims to Sophia were omitted.) The Act extended to England and Ireland, but not to Scotland, whose Estates had not been consulted before the selection of Sophia.
In 1702, William died of
, a complication from a broken collarbone, resulting from a fall off his horse, Sorrel. Because his horse had stumbled into a
burrow, many Jacobites toasted "the little gentleman in the black velvet waistcoat." Years later, Sir
Winston Churchill
, in his epic the
History of the English Speaking Peoples
, put it more poetically when he said that the fall "opened the door to a troop of lurking foes".
William was buried in
Westminster Abbey
alongside his wife.
William's death brought an end to the Dutch
House of Orange
, members of which had served as stadtholder of Holland and the majority of the other provinces of the Dutch Republic since the time of
William the Silent
(William I). The five provinces of which William III was stadtholder—Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel—all suspended the office after his death. Thus, he was the last
descendant of William I to be named stadtholder for the majority of the provinces. Under William III's will,
Johan Willem Friso
stood to inherit the Principality of Orange as well as several lordships in the Netherlands. He was an agnatic relative of the Princes of Orange, as well as a descendant of William the Silent through a female line. However, King
Frederick I of Prussia
also claimed the Principality as the senior
heir, stadtholder
Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
having been his maternal grandfather and William III his first cousin. Under the
Treaty of Utrecht
, which was agreed to in 1713,
Frederick William I of Prussia
(who kept the title as part of his titulary) ceded the Principality of Orange to the King of France, Louis XIV; Friso's son,
William IV
, shared the title of "Prince of Orange", which had accumulated high prestige in the Netherlands as well as in the entire Protestant world, with Frederick William after the Treaty of Partition (1732).
A modern Orange Banner
William's primary achievement was to contain France when it was in a position to impose its will across much of Europe. His life was largely opposed to the will of
Louis XIV of France
. This effort continued after his death during the
War of the Spanish Succession
. Another important consequence of William's reign in England involved the ending of a bitter conflict between Crown and Parliament that had lasted since the accession of the first English monarch of the
House of Stuart
James I
, in 1603. The conflict over royal and parliamentary power had led to the
English Civil War
during the 1640s and the
Glorious Revolution
of 1688. During William's reign, however, the conflict was settled in Parliament's favour by the
Bill of Rights 1689
, the
Triennial Act 1694
and the
Act of Settlement 1701
William endowed the
College of William and Mary
(in present day
) in 1693.
, the capital of The Bahamas, is named after Fort Nassau, which was renamed in 1695 in his honor.
Nassau County, New York
a county on
Long Island
, is a namesake.
Long Island
itself was also known as Nassau during early Dutch rule.
Though many alumni of Princeton University think that Princeton, N.J. (and hence the university) was named in his honor, this is probably untrue. Nassau Hall, at the university campus, is so named, however.
The modern day
Orange Institution
is named after William III, and makes a point of celebrating his victory at the Boyne. New York City was briefly renamed New Orange for him in 1673 after the Dutch recaptured the city, which had been renamed New York by the British in 1665.
His name was applied to the
and administrative center for the city on two separate occasions reflecting his different sovereign status—first as Fort Willem Hendrick in 1673, and then as Fort William in 1691 when the English evicted Colonists who had seized the fort and city.
Style and arms
From 1672, William was "Stadtholder of Holland, Prince of Orange". After their accession in Great Britain, William and Mary used the style "
King and Queen of England
Defenders of the Faith
, etc." (The claim to France was only nominal, and had been asserted by every English King since
Edward III
, regardless of the amount of French territory actually controlled,
English claims to the French throne
used by the King and Queen were:
Quarterly, I and IV Grandquarterly, Azure three fleurs-de-lis Or (for France) and Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England); II Or a lion rampant within a tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland); overall an escutcheon Azure billetty and a lion rampant Or (for
In popular culture
William has been played on screen by:
Bernard Lee
The Black Tulip
(1937), based on the novel by
Alexandre Dumas, père
Henry Daniell
Captain Kidd
Olaf Hytten
Against All Flags
Alan Rowe
in the
drama series
The First Churchills
Laurence Olivier
in the
TV mini-series
Peter the Great
Thom Hoffman
(1992), based on the novel by
Virginia Woolf
Corin Redgrave
England, My England
(1995), the story of the composer
Henry Purcell
Jochum ten Haaf
in the BBC miniseries
Charles II: The Power & the Passion
Russell Pate in the BBC film,
King Billy Above All
Baroque Cycle
series of books by
Neal Stephenson
prominently feature William of Orange.William of Orange is referenced in
Flanders and Swann
's satirical song "A Song of Patriotic Prejudice," in a verse describing the
: "He blows up policemen, or so I have heard/and blames it on Cromwell and William the Third."
See also
Anglo-Dutch Wars
British monarchs' family tree
Constantijn Huygens, Jr.
– secretary to William III
French monarchs family tree
House of Orange
List of James II deserters to William of Orange
Claydon, 9
Claydon, 14
Troost, 26; van der Zee, 6–7
Troost, 26
Troost, 26–27. The Prussian prince was chosen because he could act as a neutral party mediating between the two women, but also because as a possible heir he was interested in protecting the Orange family fortune, which Amalia feared Mary would squander.
Van der Kiste, 5–6; Troost, 27
Troost, 34–37
Troost, 27. The author may also have been
Johan van den Kerckhoven
Troost, 36–37
Troost, 37–40
Troost, 43
Troost, 43–44
Troost, 44
Troost, 49
Van der Kiste, 12–17
Van der Kiste, 14–15
Troost, 29–30
Troost, 41
Troost, 52–53
Van der Kiste, 16–17
Troost, 57
Troost, 53–54
Troost, 59
Troost, 60
Troost, 62–64
Van der Kiste, 18–20
Troost, 64
Troost, 65
Troost, 66
Troost, 67
Troost, 65–66
Troost, 74
Troost, 78–83
Troost, 76
Troost, 80–81
Troost, 75
Troost, 85–86
Troost, 89–90
John de Witt: Statesman of the "true Freedom"
, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521527082, p. 222; (1893)
Staatkundige Geschiedenis van Nederland. Tweede Deel
, pp. 92–93, and fn.4 p. 92;
Robert Fruin
, "De schuld van Willem III en zijn vrienden aan den moord der gebroeders de Witt", in
De Gids
(1867), pp. 201–218
Troost, 122
Troost, 128–129
Troost, 106–110
Troost, 109
Troost, 109–112
Van der Kiste, 38–39
Van der Kiste, 42–43
Van der Kiste, 44–46
Van der Kiste, 47
Chapman, 86–93
Van der Zee, 202–206
Culture and Society In Britain, J. Black (ed.), Manchester, 1997. p97
Van der Kiste, 204–205; Baxter, 352
Troost, 25–26; Van der Zee, 421–423
Van der Kiste, 205
Van der Kiste, 201
Van der Kiste, 202–203
Troost, 141–145
Troost, 153–156
Troost, 156–163
Troost, 150–151
Troost, 152–153
Troost, 173–175
Troost, 180–183
Troost, 189
Troost, 186
e.g. Troost, 190
(Subscription required)
Troost, 191
Troost, 191; van der Kiste, 91–92
Van der Kiste, 91
Troost, 193–196
Troost, 200–203; van der Kiste, 102–103
Van der Kiste, 105
Troost, 204–205
Troost, 205–207
Baxter, 242–246; Miller, 208
Davies, 614–615
Troost, 207–210
Davies, 469; Israel, 136
Van der Kiste, 107–108
Troost, 209
Troost, 210–212
Troost, 219–220
Troost, 266–268
Davies, 614–615. William was "William II" of Scotland, for there was only one previous Scottish King named
Van der Kiste, 114–115
Troost, 212–214
Troost, 278–280
Troost, 270–273
Troost, 274–275
Troost, 220–223
Troost, 221
Van der Zee, 296–297
Troost, 222; van der Zee, 301–302
Troost, 223–227
Troost, 226
Troost, 228–232
Claydon, 129–131
Van der Zee, 402–403
Van der Zee, 414
Troost, 239–241; van der Zee, 368–369
Troost, 241–246
Van der Kiste, 150–158
Troost, 281–283
Troost, 244–246
Van der Kiste, 179–180
Van der Kiste, 180–184
Van der Kiste, 186–192; Troost, 226–237
Troost, 251
Troost, 253–255
Troost, 255
Troost, 256–257
Troost, 258–260
Troost, 260
Troost, 234
Troost, 235
Van der Kiste, 251–254
Van der Kiste, 255
Churchill, 30–31
Israel, 959–960
Israel, 962, 968
Israel, 991–992
Claydon, 3–4
The History of North America by Guy Carleton Lee by Guy Carleton Lee Francis and Francis Newton Thorpe Published 1904 Published by G. Barrie & sons, p. 167 The Dutch Under English Rule
Baxter, Stephen B.,
William III and the Defense of European Liberty, 1650–1702
Chapman, Hester W.,
Mary II: Queen of England
Churchill, Winston
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples: Age of Revolution
. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, (2002). ISBN 0-304-36393-6
Claydon, Tony,
William III: Profiles in Power
Davies, Norman
The Isles: A History
Israel, Jonathan I.
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477–1806
Meinel, Friedrich,
Samuel Chappuzeau 1625–1701
University of Leipzig
, (1908)
Mijers, Esther and Onnekink, David, eds.,
Redefining William III.
The Impact of the King-Stadholder in International Context
(Ashgate, 2007)
Miller, John,
James II: A Study in Kingship
Robb, Nesca,
William of Orange
Troost, Wout,
William III, The Stadholder-king: A Political Biography
(2005) (translation by J.C. Grayson) ISBN 0754650715
Van der Kiste, John
William and Mary
Van der Zee, Henri and Barbara,
William and Mary
Waller, Maureen,
Sovereign Ladies: Sex, Sacrifice, and Power.
The Six Reigning Queens of England.
St. Martin's Press, New York (2006) ISBN 0-312-33801-5
External links
Official House of Orange website
"King Billy", BBC
House of Orange
Het Loo Palace
N. Japikse, ed.,
Correspondentie van Willem III en van Hans Willem Bentinck, eersten graaf van Portland
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