text:
By Shaikh Abdullah Faisal
Edited: Muminah_29
19th January 2013
Book 1 Chapter 10 (Menstruation) page 61
34. Narrated Asma' bint Abi Bakr (RAA): The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said concerning menstrual blood, when it contaminates one's clothes, "She should scrape it, rub it with water and sprinkle water over it, and then pray in it" [Agreed upon]
There are 3 types of blood:
This is the abnormal flow of blood outside the norm
This is the bleeding after childbirth
Women need to know how to deal with these topics because it affects their Ibaadah especially Salah and Fasting.
Menstruation (Haidh) is the natural blood of women that flows from the uterus upon reaching puberty on a monthly regular basis
The word REGULAR is very important
The normal age for girls to start menses is 9 years
Before that is abnormal
At the age of 50 this stops and she reaches menopause
Aisha said that some women don't menstruate
According to the Hanbali madhab the minimum number of days for menses is 1 day and 1 night and the maximum is 15 days
But Imam Shafi'i said the minimum number of days is 1 day and 1 night
But the maximum is 10 days
So according to him after 10 days you should make ghusl perform Salah and Fast.
It appears that most of the scholars agree with the Shafi'i position that the maximum number of days is 10.
The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) forbade women to make Salah during menstruation
Narrated By Mu'adha: A woman asked 'Aisha, "Should I offer the prayers that which I did not offer because of menses" 'Aisha said, "Are you from the Huraura' (a town in Iraq?) We were with the Prophet and used to get our periods but he never ordered us to offer them (the Prayers missed during menses)." 'Aisha perhaps said, "We did not offer them." [Sahih Bukhari, Vol 1, Book 6, Hadith 318]
Mu'adha said: I asked 'A'isha: What is the reason that a menstruating woman completes the fasts (that she abandons during her monthly course) but she does not complete the prayers? She (Hadrat 'A'isha) said: Are you a Haruriya? I said: I am not a Haruriya, but I simply want to inquire. She said: We passed through this (period of menstruation), and we were ordered to complete the fasts, but were not ordered to complete the prayers. [Sahih Muslim (1/265) No. 335]
It is haraam for a menstruating woman to fast whether it is optional or waajib
It is haraam for a menstruating woman to make Tawaaf and this is because Tawaaf is Salah however she is allowed to do every act of hajj except Tawaaf
'Aisha narrated the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) entered upon me at Sarif while I was weeping (because I was afraid that I would not be able to perform the Hajj). He said, "What is wrong with you? Have you got your period?" I replied, "Yes." He said, "This is a matter Allah has decreed for all the daughters of Adam, so perform the ceremonies of the Hajj as the pilgrims do, but do not perform the Tawaf around the Ka'ba." The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) slaughtered some cows as sacrifices on behalf of his wives. [Al-Bukhari (294) and Muslim (1211)]
Ibn Abbas (RA) reported that the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said, "The tawaf round the House is like the salah except that you converse during it (the tawaf). And, he who converses does not do so except with a good word.
[Tirmidhi (3/293) No. 960, al-Bazzar (11/127) No. 4853, Ibn Khuzaymah (4/222) No. 2739, Ibn Hibban (9/143) No. 3836, al-Haakim (1/630) No. 1687]
If a man makes love to his wife while she is menstruating he has to pay 4 1/4 grams of gold equivalent to 150 US dollars
Ibn Abbas (RA) narrated the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said concerning one whom had intercourse with his wife when she was menstruating: "Let him give a dinar or half a dinar in charity."
[Musnad Ahmad (1/229) No. 2032, Sunan Abu Dawud (2/251) No. 2168, Sunan Tirmidhi (1/244) No. 136, Sunan AnNasa'i (1/153) No. 289 and Sunan Ibn Majah (1/405) No. 640]
They ask you concerning menstruation. Say: that is an Adha (a harmful thing for a husband to have a sexual intercourse with his wife while she is having her menses), therefore keep away from women during menses and go not unto them till they have purified (from menses and have taken a bath). And when they have purified themselves, then go in unto them as Allāh has ordained for you (go in unto them in any manner as long as it is in their vagina). Truly, Allāh loves those who turn unto Him in repentance and loves those who purify themselves (by taking a bath and cleaning and washing thoroughly their private parts, bodies, for their prayers, etc.). (Al-Baqarah 2:222)
If a woman was menstruating and then she stops, it is haraam for her to make love with her husband until she performs ghusl
Even if she just did Istinja, it is haram for her to sleep with him
She needs to do ghusl and there is no need to undo her braids to perform ghusl.
The following Hadith is Hujjah that a woman does not have to undo her braids to do ghusl:
Narrated: Umm Salamah"I said, O Messenger of Allah! I am a woman with tight braids. Should I undo them when I take a bath to cleanse myself from the state of sexual impurity?" He said: "Rather it is sufficient for you to pour three handfuls of water over them, then pour water over yourself, and you will be purified," or he said: "In that case you would have become purified." [(Sahih) Sunan Ibn Majah Hadith no: 603 Found in: The Chapters on Dry Ablution]
Thabit narrated it from Anas: Among the Jews, when a woman menstruated, they did not dine with her, nor did they live with them in their houses; so the Companions of the Apostle (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam asked The Apostle (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and Allah, the Exalted revealed:" And they ask you about menstruation; say it is a pollution, so keep away from woman during menstruation" to the end (Qur'an: 2:222)
The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: Do everything except intercourse. The Jews heard of that and said: This man does not want to leave anything we do without opposing us in it.
Usaid b. Hudair and Abbad b. Bishr came and said: Messenger of Allah, the Jews say such and such thing. We should not have, therefore, any contact with them (as the Jews do). The face of the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) underwent such a change that we thought he was angry with them, but when they went out, they happened to receive a gift of milk which was sent to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him). He (the Holy Prophet) called for them and gave them drink, whereby they knew that he was not angry with them. [Sahih Muslim (1/246) No. 302]
When the Sahabahs went to Madinah, they found the Jews treating their wives like leper when they were menstruating.
The Christians instead used to have intercourse with their wives in this period.
So the Sahabahs approached the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) regarding it and he told them to do everything with them except intercourse
This made the Jews upset because they said the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) objects to anything they do
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: that he had divorced his wife while she was menstruating during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
'Umar bin alKhattab asked the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) about that
The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said, "Order him (your son) to take her back and keep her till she is clean and then to wait till she gets her next period and becomes clean again, whereupon, if he wishes to keep her, he can do so, and if he wishes to divorce her he can divorce her before having sexual intercourse with her; and that is the prescribed period which Allah has fixed for the women meant to be divorced"
[Al-Bukhari (5251) and Muslim (1471)]
Abdullah ibn Umar pronounced divorce on his wife while she was menstruating
When the news reached the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) he told him to take his wife back until she is pure and it is haram to pronounce 3 talaq in one sitting
You are allowed to divorce a pregnant woman but not a menstruating woman and no scholar says otherwise
The fuqaha' differed as to whether the divorce of a menstruating woman counts as such or not. The majority are of the view that it does count as such, but there is a group of 'ulama' who say that it does not, and this is the view reflected in the fatwas of many contemporary fuqaha' such as Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) and Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him).
Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Divorce of a menstruating woman does not count as such according to the more sound of the two scholarly opinions, which is contrary to the view of the majority. The majority of scholars think that it does count as such, but the correct scholarly view is that reflected in the fatwas of some of the Taabi'een and in the fatwa of Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him). This is also the view favoured by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah and his student Ibn al-Qayyim and a number of scholars who said that this divorce does not count as such, because it is contrary to the laws of Allaah. Allaah decreed that a woman should be divorced when she is in a state of purity, free from nifaas (postpartum bleeding) and menses, and during a time of purity when her husband has not yet had intercourse with her. This is the divorce that is prescribed according to sharee'ah. If he divorces her during her menses or nifaas, or during a time of purity when he has had intercourse with her, then his divorce is bid'ah (an innovation) and does not count as such according to the more sound of the two scholarly views, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"O Prophet! When you divorce women, divorce them at their 'Iddah (prescribed periods) and count (accurately) their 'Iddah "
[al-Talaaq 65:1]
What this means is when they are pure (not menstruating) and you have not had intercourse with them. This is what the scholars have said about divorcing them at their prescribed periods, they should be pure (not menstruating) and you should not have had intercourse with them, or they should be pregnant. This is what is meant by divorce at their prescribed periods. End quote from Fataawa al-Talaaq, p. 44
It says in Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa'imah (20/58): There are several kinds of innovated divorce: where a man divorces his wife during her menses or nifaas, or during a time of purity when he has had intercourse with her. The correct view is that this does not count as a divorce. End quote.
Based on this, if the divorce was issued at the time of her menses, it does not count and the woman is still married to her husband.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked about a man who divorced his wife when she was menstruating but he did not know that she was menstruating – does this divorce count as such?
He replied:
The scholars differed concerning a divorce that takes place when a woman has her monthly period, and there was a lengthy discussion as to whether the divorce counts or not. The majority of scholars are of the view that it does count as such and is regarded as a divorce, but the man should be told to take her back and keep her until she has become pure from her menses, then menstruated a second time and become pure. Then if he wishes he may keep her and if he wishes he may divorce her. This is the view of the majority of scholars, include the four imams: Ahmad, al-Shaafa'i, Maalik and Abu Haneefah. But the more correct view in our opinion is that favoured by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him), that divorce at the time of menses does not count as such, because it goes against the command of Allaah and His Messenger. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Whoever does any action that is not in accordance with this matter of ours will have it rejected." The evidence concerning this very issue is the hadeeth of 'Abd-Allaah ibn 'Umar, when he divorced his wife at the time of her menses. He told the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) about that and the Messenger of Allaah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) got very angry and said: "Tell him to take her back, then keep her until she has become pure, then menstruated, then become pure, then if he wishes he may keep her after that and if he wishes he may divorce her." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "That is the prescribed period at which Allaah has commanded men to divorce women." The prescribed period at which Allaah has commanded men to divorce women means that a man may only divorce his wife when she is pure (not menstruating) and he has not had intercourse with her. Based on this, if he divorces her when she is menstruating, he has not divorced her in accordance with the command of Allaah, so it is to be rejected. We think that the divorce that has been issued to this woman does not count as such, and that the woman is still married to her husband. It does not matter whether the husband knew that she was menstruating or not menstruating when he issued the divorce. Yes, his knowledge of her condition does not matter, but if he knew about that then he has committed a sin, and the divorce does not count. If he did not know, then the divorce still does not count, but there is no sin on the husband. End quote. Fataawa Islamiyyah, 3/268.
The Holy Prophet (saw) used to kiss Aisha while she was on her menses
Anas relates that the Jewish men used to avoid eating together with their women while the women were in their menses, so the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: "Engage in everything except intercourse."
[This is an authentic hadîth related in Sahîh Muslim (302) and other sources]
Because the menses is not in her hands
So she can read it from the Arabic text or recite from memory
Ibrahim an-Nakha'ee said, "There is no harm in menstruating woman reciting a Qur'anic verse"
[Fath al-Bari (1/408)
Even though the majority of the scholars are against this.
But they have been refuted
According to Usul ul Fiqh everything is halaal until proven haraam
So for you to tell her it is haraam to touch the Qur'an, you have to bring her credible evidence to convince her
They brought evidence from Abu Dawood but there is somebody in this sanad who is unknown
The hadeeth of Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with them both), according to which the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: "The menstruating woman and the one who is in a state of impurity (janaabah) should not recite anything of the Qur'aan" [(Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 131; Ibn Maajah, 595; al-Daaraqutni (1/117); al-Bayhaqi, 1/89]
[This is a da'eef hadeeth, because it was reported by Ismaa'eel ibn 'Ayyaash from the Hijaazis, and his reports from them are da'eef as is well known to those who are conversant with the study of hadeeth]
[Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said (21/460): it is a da'eef hadeeth by the unanimous agreement of the scholars of hadeeth. See Nasb al-Raayah, 1/195; alTalkhees alHabeer, 1/183)]
As for the letter of the Holy Prophet (saw) which he sent to Yemen in he which said no one should touch the Qur'an except for those who are pure it is a well known fact that a lot of Jews and Christians were living in Yemen at that time so the Holy Prophet (saw) meant that only the believers should touch the Qur'an
But those who claim that it is haraam for a menstruating woman to touch the Quran they bring the following Qur'anic verse to support their stance.
Which (that Book with Allāh) none can touch but the purified (i.e. the angels).
(Al-Waqi'ah 56:79)
This ayah is talking about the angels
The cause of revelation for this ayah is: the pagans of Quraish said the devils were teaching the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) the Qur'an
So Allah revealed this ayah to tell them only the pure (angels) touch the Qur'an.
Those who quote Surah Waqi'ah vs 79 as their evidence to make it haraam for menstruating women to touch the Qur'an have taken the ayah out of context, because the ayah is speaking of the angles and NOT menstruating women.
The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) told Aisha to bring a mat from the masjid and she said she is on her period
Then the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) told her that her menses is not on her hands
So the scholars used this to say she can touch the Qur'an because she won't soil it
In Sahih Muslim the Hadith about when Aisha (RA) was sent, by The Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), to go into the Masjid to get a mat. The Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said to Aisha (RA), "Menstruation is not in your hands."
A woman's touch cannot be considered impure even while on menses
Another evidence is that the Rasool (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sent a letter to the Emperor of Rome with Quranic verses knowing that he is a kaafir and will touch it.
So if the kaafir was allowed to handle a letter of the Holy Prophet (saw) containing Quranic verses, then how can menstruating Muslim girls be prohibited from touching the Qur'an?
It is quite obvious that a kaafir is more najis than a menstruating Muslim woman. Moreover the Holy Prophet (saw) told Abu Hurayrah that a Muslim never becomes najis
It was narrated that Abu Hurayra said: "I was met by the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and I was junub. He took my hand and I walked with him until he sat down. Then I slipped away and washed myself (ghusl), then I came to where he was sitting. He said, 'Where were you, O Abu [Hurayra]?' I told him, and he said, 'SubhanAllah, O Abu [Hurayra], the believer does not become impure."
[Al-Bukhari (285) and Muslim (371)]
Narrated By Ibn Abbas: Abu Sufyan narrated... Heraclius asked for the letter of Allah's Apostle and read it wherein was written:
"In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, and the Most Merciful This letter is) from Muhammad, Apostle of Allah, to Heraclius, the sovereign of Byzantine... Peace be upon him who follows the Right Path. Now then, I call you to embrace Islam. Embrace Islam and you will be saved (from Allah's Punishment); embrace Islam and Allah will give you a double reward, but if you reject this, you will be responsible for the sins of all the people of your kingdom (Allah's Statement):
"O the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! Come to a word common to you and us that we worship None but Allah... bear witness that we are Muslims.' (Al-Imran 3:64)
[Al-Bukhari (2941) and Muslim (1773)]
As for the hadith they brought to checkmate us
We refute them by refuting their understanding of the hadith
The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) meant don't let the kuffaar in Yemen touch the Qur'an because Yemen was infested with kuffaar
This is the proper understanding of the hadith
Not that it means menstruating women cannot touch the Qur'an
Many women teach Qur'an or are students of knowledge
They use a hadith to checkmate us
But in this hadith the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) only stopped her from Tawaaf
They also bring the hadith where the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said that menstruating women should avoid the musalla
We refute them by saying the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) meant Salah
As for the hadîth related by Abû Dâwûd (232):
"I do not permit a woman in her menses or a person in a state of major ritual impurity into the mosque" It is a weak hadîth. Its line of transmission contains a narrator who is unknown.
Dawood Ath-Thaahiree allows menstruating women to enter the masjid
Also Mazani of the Shafi'i madhab
The hadith of Thumaama:
Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet sent some horsemen to Najd and they brought a man called Thumama bin Uthal from Bani Hanifa. They fastened him to one of the pillars of the masjid. The Prophet came and ordered them to release him. He went to a (garden of) date palms near the mosque, took a bath and entered the, masjid again and said, "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger (i.e. he embraced Islam). [Sahih Bukhari (1/101) No. 469]
We use this hadith to say if a kaafir was tied up in the masjid, this means a menstruating woman can enter the masjid.
So the correct evidence is that she can enter the masjid because those who say otherwise have not brought us any evidence.
They used Qiyaas to say a man in a state of janabah can't enter the masjid
But the scholars said that this Qiyaas is incorrect because the one in janabah can make ghusl and enter the masjid
While the menstruating woman cannot until Allah makes her menses stop
When Dr. Bilal Philips wrote in his book and said a menstruating girl can touch the Qur'an
He dropped a bomb in the masjid
But he is correct
The scholars will tell you talaq in menses is baatil but not khula
Khula means she is divorcing you and returning the dowry and the Shariah council pronounces the khula
TALAQ is when the husband pronounces divorce on his wife because he doesn't want to be with her anymore.
FASKH is an annulment done by shari'ah court due to the evil character of the husband. For example, if the husband is an alcoholic or drug addict or he refused to pray. In both cases (talaq and faskh) the wife keeps the dowry.
The iddah is 3 menses while the iddah for khula is one menstruation.
Please bear in mind with Khula the woman has to return the dowry but with talaq or faskh she keeps the dowry.
It is more appropriate for women living with evil husbands to divorce by way of FASKH (annulment) and not khula because with faskh she is allowed to keep the dowry.
This is to run between the hills of Safa and Marwa. Menstruating women are allowed to do Sai whether it is in Hajj or Umrah because a menstruating woman is allowed to do all the rituals except Tawaaf
To make dua and listen to the khutba
So if she is allowed to stand on holy mount of Arafat,
Who told you a menstruating girl cannot enter the masjid
Indeed if she is allowed to stand on that mountain then she can enter the masjid
Sajdat at-Tilaawah is the sajdah we perform when we hear an ayah that contains a sajdah. Menstruating women are allowed to perform this sajdah because it does not require wudu.
Make niyyah that one is performing Sajdah Tilaawah
Recite the Takbir and commence the Sajdah from a standing position without raising the hands.
Perform a single Sajdah
While in Sajdah, recite the Tasbeehaat
Upon the completion of the Sajdah, raise the head from Sajdah while saying the Takbir.
There is no Salam after the completion of Sajdah Tilaawah.
Sajda ash -Shukr is performed when a person is blessed with a Barakah from Allah or someone brought him good news.
Make niyyah that one is performing Sajdah ash –Shukr
Recite the Takbir and commence the Sajdah from a standing position without raising the hands.
Perform a single Sajdah
While in Sajdah, recite Subhanna Rabbi al Ala
Upon the completion of the Sajdah, raise the head from Sajdah while saying the Takbir.
There is no Salam after the completion of Sajdah Ash -Shukr
Menstruating women are allowed to perform this sajdah because it does not require wudu.
Abu Bakr performed Sajda Ash-Shukr when he got the news that the false prophet Musailamah was killed.
The definition is a prolonged abnormal vaginal bleeding other than menses or post delivery bleeding
Whenever a woman has continuous flow of blood it is called Istihaadha
So what should she do?
Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), that a certain woman in the time of the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used to bleed profusely, so Umm Salama consulted the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) for her, and he said, "She should calculate the number of nights and days a month that she used to menstruate before it started happening, and she should leave off from prayer for that much of the month. When she has completed that she should do ghusl, bind her private parts with a cloth, and then pray."
[Muwatta Malik (1/68) No. 172, Musnad Ahmad (6/293) No. 26553, Sunan Abu Dawud (1/71) No. 274, Sunan ad-Darime (1/221) No. 780, Sunan Ibn Majah (1/393) No. 623]
She should go along with her normal cycle
So every woman should know her normal cycle.
When it starts, ends and for how long.
If a woman doesn't know her cycle then it is gross negligence and she is not seen as pious because menses stops her from acts of Ibadah like Salah and Fasting.
Due to the above mentioned Hadith about Istihaadha the Fuqahaa say if a woman is having a prolonged abnormal bleeding she should go along with her normal cycle.
She must calculate the number of days she used to bleed for during her cycle and abstain from ibaadah for those numbers of days only
Narrated 'A'ishah (RA): Fatimah bint Abi Hubaish came to the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and said, "I am a woman who has a prolonged flow of blood (istihadah), and I am never purified from this blood, shall I abandon prayer?'
He (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied, 'No, that is only a vein and not menstrual blood. If it is your menstruation, then leave the prayer, and if it is other than that then wash yourself from the blood, and pray"
[Al-Bukhari (228) and Muslim (333)]
There are some women who do not know their normal cycle because their menses is irregular due to certain factors.
So how do these women determine if the blood is menses or normal blood?
The answer to this question is:
She needs to study the colour and odour of the blood
The menstrual blood is dark, thick carries a foul smell and it may clot. If these 4 things are found then the woman should consider it as menstrual blood and abstain from fasting.
On the other hand the Istihaadha blood is normal blood like a nosebleed therefore it is thin, reddish, and has no foul smell. So if a woman notices this blood after the foul blood finishes she should count it as Istihaadha and make ghusl and Start praying and Fast.
This is the ruling for women who do not know their cycle because they have irregular cycles.
Their only hope of knowing if it is menses or Istihaadha is to study the characteristics of the blood.
Please bear in mind the menstrual blood is dark, thick carries a foul smell and may clot. Many women have clots in their menstrual blood from time to time. The clots may be bright red or dark in color. Often, these clots are shed on the heaviest days of bleeding. The presence of multiple clots in your flow may make your menstrual blood seem thick or denser than usual.
After a woman's cycle is over if she notices any discharge she should ignore such a discharge and she should continue to Pray and Fast because her normal cycle is over.
The following Hadith is the evidence for the above-mentioned verdict:
Umm 'Atiyyah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: "We did not bother about any yellow or brownish discharge after a woman's period was over."
(Narrated by Abu Dawood, 307. It was also narrated by al-Bukhaari, 320, but he did not mention "after a woman's period was over.")
Sometimes a menstruating woman may menstruate for one day and then it stops; she should not be in haste and assume her menstruation is over because she did not complete her normal cycle.
In order for a woman to consider herself clean from menstruation she has to complete her normal cycle and she also has to wait for the white discharge to indicate that her menses is over.
Some women used to show Aisha (r.a) their sanitary towels for her tell to them if they are clean from menses and can make Salah
Aisha told these women that they should look for the white discharge that indicates their menses is over and that they should not to be in a haste to assume its over
Aa'ishah, and she would say, "Do not hasten until you see the white discharge." (Narrated by al-Bukhaari mu'allaqan. Kitaab al-Hayd, Baab iqbaal al-muhayd wa idbaarihi. Also by Maalik, 130).
The white discharge that Aisha spoke about is known to all menstruating women and it is the indicator that the menses has stopped.
This white discharge is pure but the menses is impure.
A woman experiencing Istihaadha has to pray because she falls into the category of women who are clean
Narrated 'Aisha: "One of the wives of Allah's Messenger joined him in I'tikaf and she noticed blood and yellowish discharge (from her private parts) and put a dish under her when she prayed." [Sahih Bukhari (1/69) No. 310]
In brief she is like a woman not menstruating and everything is halaal for her.
If the signs of menses accompanies it like cramps and the blood has odour, colour and thickness like menses, you have to treat it as menses even though it came outside its regular cycle.
The answer is she has to insert a cotton wool inside her private parts to see if it has traces of blood
If blood comes out, she is still on her menses
If no blood she is pure.
Umm 'Atiyyah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: "We did not bother about any yellow or brownish discharge after a woman's period was over."
(Narrated by Abu Dawood, 307. It was also narrated by al-Bukhaari, 320, but he did not mention "after a woman's period was over.")
In the time of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) women experienced this but they did not consider it as menses and so you have to pray if it happens after your menses is over.
Can we touch mushaf without wudu?
You only need wudu to make Salah
A woman does not need to cover her head to read Quran
If she is home she can pray with her feet uncovered
She should cover her feet in front of non-mahram
Her feet can turn on a man
Shaikh you mentioned that a woman who doesn't know her cycle and bleeds profusely, example, I have always had a heavy flow and inconsistent since I started my cycle.
I have kids and my cycle has become worse and each month again is still worse some months I am heavy throughout for 10-15 days, some months, it is low and i can go for 8 -10 days. How would you describe my situation?
According to Ahmad ibn Hanbal a woman can menstruate for 15 days but according to Imam Shaffi' a woman can only menstruate for 10 days. It appears that the majority of scholars go along with Imam Shaff'i.
Some women have irregular periods due to certain factors
The only hope for women with irregular period is to study the characteristics of the blood.
Menstrual blood is distinct.
It is dark red, thick and has a foul smell but the regular blood is thin like a nosebleed and does not have a foul smell.
After bleeding for sometime if you notice a change in the characteristics of the blood you have to consider the blood as Istihaadha if it has the same characteristics of a nosebleed.
Some female Sahabahs had the same problems that you encounter during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet (saw)
Hamnah bint Jahsh, "I had a very strong prolonged flow of blood. I went to the Prophet to ask him about it. When I asked him if I had to stop praying and fasting, he said 'Tie around a cloth, and it will stop.' I said, 'It is greater than that.' He said, 'Curb it.' I said, 'It flows greatly.' He then said, 'You may do one of two things: either one will suffice. Which one you are able to do you know best. This is a strike from Satan. Be on your period for six or seven days, which Allah knows, and then perform ghusl until you see that you are clean. Pray for fourteen nights or thirteen nights and days and fast, and that will be sufficient for you. Do that every month as the other women become pure and menstruate. If you can, you may delay the noon prayer and hasten the afternoon prayer. Perform ghusl and pray the noon and afternoon prayers together. Then delay the sunset and hasten the night prayers and pray them together. Perform ghusl for the morning prayer and pray it. This is how you may pray and fast if you have the ability to do so." And he said, "That is the more loved way to me."
[Musnad Ahmad (27188), Sunan Abu Dawud (287), Sunan Ibn Majah (627), Sunan Tirmidhi (128)]
Narrated 'A'ishah (RA): Fatimah bint Abi Hubaish came to the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and said, "I am a woman who has a prolonged flow of blood (istihadah), and I am never purified from this blood, shall I abandon prayer?' He (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied, 'No, that is only a vein and not menstrual blood. If it is your menstruation, then leave the prayer, and if it is other than that then wash yourself from the blood, and pray."
[Al-Bukhari (228) and Muslim (333)]
Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), that a certain woman in the time of the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used to bleed profusely, so Umm Salama consulted the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) for her, and he said, "She should calculate the number of nights and days a month that she used to menstruate before it started happening, and she should leave off from prayer for that much of the month. When she has completed that she should do ghusl, bind her private parts with a cloth, and then pray."
[Muwatta Malik (1/68) No. 172, Musnad Ahmad (6/293) No. 26553, Sunan Abu Dawud (1/71) No. 274, Sunan ad-Darime (1/221) No. 780, Sunan Ibn Majah (1/393) No. 623]
What is the waiting period that one that bore child needs to wait to be clean for salah or engage in sexual relations? Is it the full forty days or as soon as the bleeding stops?
According to the 4 madhabs it is when the bleeding stops, not after 40 days
Make ghusl whenever the bleeding stops and pray
It is haram to perform talaq in nifaas
But khula is halal.
Nifaas has the same ruling as menstruation
If women are allowed to enter the masjid and read the Holy Quran, then why can't they fast during the month of Ramadan when they're menstruating?
This is out of Rahma for the women because she is suffering cramps. Therefore for her to fast she will be suffering double pain, the pain of hunger and the pain of cramps.
This hardship will cause millions of women to apostate.
Moreover Allah said He wants ease and comfort for us in regards to the Deen and not hardship.
Allah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things difficult for you.(Al Baqarah 2:185)
Fasting while on menses is Bid'ah and anyone who does this is guilty of making up his own religion
It was narrated from Muadhah Al-Adawiyyah that a woman asked 'Aishah: "Should a menstruating woman make up the prayers when she becomes pure?" she said: "Are you a Haruria (khawaarij)? We used to menstruate at the time of the Messenger of Allah then we would become pure. He told us to make up the fast, but he did not tell us to make up the prayers." (Sahih) Sunan an-Nasa'i Vol. 3, Book 22, Hadith 2320
The above-mentioned hadith is clear evidence that it is haraam for a woman to Pray and Fast while on menses.
However she makes up the Fast but NOT the Salah she misses.
Please bear in mind that the Fuqahaa allow Muslim women to take pills to suspend menses in order to Fast the whole of Ramadan UNITERRUPTED and also to make Hajj.
Since we can make wudu for protection, and there is a hadith that says the person is protected while in the state of wudu, can a sister in menstruation make wudu without praying?
The scholars of Islam differ on this issue "can a menstruating woman make wudu".
Thoose Fuqahaa who say a menstruating woman can make wudu use the following hadith of Abu Salamah as their Hujjah:
Upon the authority of Abu Salamah who said: "I asked Aaisha -Radhiyallahu anhaa Did the Prophet Sallallahu alaihi was Salam sleep while Junub? She said: "Yes! and he would make Wudhu"(Collected by Bukhaari (282)).
Their argument is that the Holy Prophet (saw) made wudu and slept in a state of janabah (post sexual impurity) then a menstruating woman is allowed to do the same.
This Qiyaas is wrong because a person who is in a state of janabah can become pure by making ghusl while a menstruating woman cannot become pure by making ghusl unless her menstruation stops.
The scholars of Islam discussed the matter in regards to menstruating women making wudu and Imam Shaff'i and Imam An- Nawwawi disallowed it.
Al Haafidh ibn Hajr mentions the statement of Ibn Daqeeq al eid -Rahimahullah who said
"Ash Shaafi'ee has stated that this is not for the menstruating woman (i.e. to make wudhu before sleep), because if she were to make ghusl it would not remove her state of impurity, while that is not the case with one who is junub, but if her flow of blood ceases, then that is permissable for her" (Fath ul Baari 1/395)
Imaam An-Nawwawi has a similar statement in his explanation of Sahih Muslim he states
"Our companions (i.e. the scholars of the Shaafi'ee madhab) are united upon the fact that it is not desirable for the woman in a state of menses or post-natal bleeding to make wudhu (i.e. before sleep) because wudhu will have no effect upon her state of impurity, but if her menses ends then she becomes like the one who is Junub, Wallahu a'lam" Sharh Sahih Muslim 3/218
Therefore based upon the above-mentioned Fataawa of the classical scholars there is no wudu for a menstruating woman but if her menses stops she can do wudu and go to bed.
However she should make ghusl and Pray Fajr upon waking up.
Please bear in mind it is NOT permissible for a menstruating woman whose menses has STOPPED to make love with her husband until she makes ghusl.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
I came not as a conquering army, but as a fake tourist. Still, there's something about that trek from the desert to the Promised Land… I only spent five days in the Sinai this time, not forty years, but even that was transformative.
After three and a half years of working on this book and a full summer of being a one-woman publicity machine with good but not spectacular results, and the inevitable dozens of rejections (the latest being my rejection as a guest on the Daily Show), I was feeling exhausted and depleted and at odds with the world. I'd forgotten how to feel that simple, almost dumb joy of life. I was too stressed out and results-oriented to enjoy the ride. I was spending all my time promoting a book whose lessons I was forgetting to apply to my own life.
So. The Sinai. It's a holy place, close to God. By which I mean, it's a place where it's easy to feel closer to God (or whatever you want to call the awesome spirit of the universe, the flame flickering at the base of who we are).
There's something awe-inspiring yet welcoming about it. The mountains and the sea and the sky would be way more than enough, but then you go under the sea, and it's a whole new world again, a jungle of colored corals and Dr. Seuss fish and shipwrecks. You can't go there and forget for any length of time that life is awesome after all.
So the first day I sat alone writing in my journal, trying to chisel out some of the crud that had accumulated in my soul and get back to feeling light and grateful. By the morning of the second day, I already felt so much better. After dinner, I was sitting and writing again in a Bedouin-style cafe, and I wrote a last sentence and looked up, because I didn't really feel like writing anymore, just existing.
That's when a guy sitting a few feet away from me asked me if I smoked.
"Not cigarettes," I said.
We lit up and talked a while, me and Karim and Nabil, two childhood friends from Cairo. Nabil was an ex-scuba diving instructor now working in a family business, and Karim studied computer science and then realized he didn't like working in an office and decided to become a flight attendant.
The next day they were heading to Ras Sheitan, an area in the northern part of the Gulf of Aqaba where there are no towns, just Bedouin-style camps of varying prices and degrees of development (which is to say, some of the grass huts are nicer than others). It's a little bit expensive because Israelis like to go there (though there are no Israelis now because of the recent incident in Eilat), and it drives up the prices. Still, $50 for three days of food, (non-alcoholic) drinks, and lodging is not bad, even if the lodging wouldn't survive a stiff wind and we mostly slept outside. (I watched three sunrises in a row. I'd never done that before.)
We did pretty much absolutely nothing for three days. No TV, no phone, no internet, we didn't even crack open a book. We snorkeled twice. That's as active as we got. Otherwise we sat around and drank coffee or tea, talked, looked around at things, ate occasionally… It's hard to describe the degree to which we did nothing, and how immeasurably content we were to do it.
Part of my problem, I think, was that after writing a book about so many shatteringly vivid experiences — sort of capturing them in amber — it took some of the vitality out of the memories for me. It's almost like I painted a landscape, and then I looked at the painting and forgot the landscape.
Art, no matter how good it is, is only a shadow of life. And my book is definitely a shadow of the millions of impressions and emotions and views and sounds and smells of my actual experience. It was incredibly painful to get it down to 120,000 words, and even that is probably a shade too long for today's market. Ugh — worrying about some ethereal "market" while trying to tell your little truth adds a whole other layer of pain.
I wrote in my journal:
"It's funny — your art is what's left of you after you're dead, and even before you're dead, it's the most distilled snapshot of your soul most people will ever see. But until you're dead, you can't let your art replace you or stand in for you. Otherwise it's like you're already dead, because what's the point of being alive if an object contains and defines you? No wonder so many artists are unhappy. So many traps!
I remember wishing, years ago, that I didn't have to prove myself worthy to every new person, that I could just hand out a book that explains who I am. This is ludicrous, of course, for so many reasons. But even now that I have a book, it only explains some parts of who I was at a particular point in my life. I'm infinitely more interesting than that book, just like all people are infinitely more interesting than any object. We are dynamic, we have volition, we can change profoundly at any moment on any road to Damascus."
You always have to be new. You always have to be now. There are no shortcuts.
I wonder why I can't just learn this lesson once and for all — why I have to keep learning it. I guess because there are no shortcuts. You can't stick anything in your cosmic pocket. It just keeps flowing.
The only thing that marred my three days in Ras Sheitan was the feeling of dread that built up like a tsunami in my gut until I could feel the ulcers forming every time I thought about it: The Israeli border. The people with the power to treat me like a criminal and take Palestine away from me. I had just sent 72 books to a bookstore in East Jerusalem, and only 71 of the books arrived. One of the boxes had been opened and re-closed, and one of the books had been stolen.
Routine security measures I'm sure — after all, who knows what dangerous incitement might be embedded in an Oklahoma girl's memoir with a hookah on the cover. I just prayed they wouldn't put me on some "extra security screening" list (or worse) based on the fact that I'd written a book with the word "Palestine" in the title. Paranoid? Sure. But a lot of people have been harassed and denied entry for less. They make sure we feel sick and paranoid every time we go through their damn border.
It goes without saying that this is all a million times worse for Palestinians, especially the ones who have never been allowed to visit Palestine at all.
Anyway, the guys were kind enough to drop me off at the border, and
Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of Hell
Rode the six hundred.
I'm being melodramatic and ridiculous, but seriously, I was about to throw up. I wore a spaghetti-strap tank top and silly fishing hat to look as much like a clueless tourist as possible, and I practiced pronouncing Arabic words wrong. (Sharm Al Sheek?) I refused to talk to anyone in line even though I was standing next to a Palestinian-Israeli family from Nazareth, and I longed to chat with them.
Long story short, by the time I was in front of the border guards, I was calm as an aluminum cucumber, and I had run through enough potential questions and answers that they didn't trip me up with their random curveball questions. They waved me through as a nobody without even taking time to consult any lists. I felt a bit silly then for all the stress and preparations. But the thing is, you just never know. You can play your part as well as you want, and they can still decide to needle you until… well, I'm just glad they didn't this time.
I got to the bus station in Eilat just as the last bus to Jerusalem was pulling out of the parking lot. That's another whole story. Anyway, I finally got to a hostel I know in Jerusalem at 2am, and there was no one at reception, so I just found an empty dorm bed, passed out, and paid in the morning.
And then, on to Ramallah. It's really so good to be here. The light and the hills and the buildings and the charming cafes. It's a million times more beautiful than any words in any book can ever describe. People like to hate on Ramallah, and I understand why. But it's really throwing the baby out with the bath water. Ramallah is a complex, organic, gorgeous city of just-right-sized hills, trees, elegant homes, proud history, graceful verandas, fine schools and mosques and churches and nooks and crannies and hidden gardens. Walking around Ramallah at sunset is one of my favorite activities in the world.
Everything is a lot more expensive than it used to be, though. More and more foreigners just keep pouring in, and it drives the prices up. But you can still find the places where the menu is only in Arabic (or there's no menu at all), and eat good food for reasonable prices, or just go to the farmer's market and make a salad.
I've been working like mad to set up my book tour here, with events so far at the Educational Bookshop in Jerusalem, at a book fair in Tulkarem, at the Friend's Meeting House in Ramallah, and at the Alternative Information Center in Beit Sahour. I'm talking to people about launching in Bethlehem, Nablus, and Bir Zeit as well and selling copies to several bookstores. (I just sold five copies to the prestigious American Colony Hotel bookstore, and the owner got my contact info to potentially buy more.) People so far have been incredibly kind and helpful. It's so great to feel so much support from the community here.
Because shipping and customs control are so expensive, and bookstores demand large discounts, I'm selling most of my books to bookstores at a small loss. But I'm happy to support Palestinian businesses, and it's exciting to have it available in the place where it all happened.
I played street hockey Friday, and that was a lot of fun, too. Very few people I knew back in the day are still here, but some are, and there are cool new people, and it's fun to run around a parking lot while the Mediterranean sun sets and you occasionally have to suspend the game because a herd of goats crosses a corner of the field of play. And then walk home and be passed by a man on a galloping horse. Ramallah is very modern and Western in so many ways, but Palestine finds ways to shine through.
I'll see Rania in Tulkarem, and finally meet her baby daughter Lusan, on Monday. Big brother Karam is talking up a storm now, and he gets cuter by the day.
Thanks so much to the people who've contributed to the Rania fund. Since I sent the last email, people have sent or pledged $930! More than half of it came from a single generous donor. One young man in Egypt heard Rania's story and immediately pledged $200. The next time he had a chance, he went to an ATM and withdrew the money for her. I wasn't even asking him for anything, just making conversation after he noticed her name in my journal and asked about her. These acts of generosity are so humbling. I feel so grateful to know all of you.
That only leaves $570 to raise to more or less break even for the year to date. As always, my Paypal address is firstname.lastname@example.com. Thank you so much for anything you can spare.
Yalla, time for bed. I have to get up early tomorrow to pass through the Qalandia checkpoint before a scheduled demonstration of Israeli and Palestinian women. I'd love to join the demo, but I have too many time-sensitive errands to run in Jerusalem to risk not being able to get through the checkpoint. These are the kinds of decisions one has to make on a Saturday morning in Palestine.
We're all gearing up for the UN vote on Palestinian statehood on September 23. Everyone has wildly different theories about what will happen (or not happen). As usual, there's only one way to find out. I'll keep my eyes open and let you know.
Today I went to Al Karameh Cafe, where I used to get my $1 cappuccino after lunch every day (now it's $2), and I told the guy who made my cappuccino that I wrote a book, and Al Karameh Cafe is mentioned in the book in a really nice way. He smiled really big and said, "Thank you so much!" He called over someone who was sitting in the cafe to talk to me, and it turned out he was a pilot who used to fly Yasser Arafat around the world.
We stood at the counter and talked politics for half an hour. We agreed the UN vote itself probably won't change much, but it's a strong symbol of things changing very fast. Not fast enough, of course, but nothing lasts forever, especially if it's fundamentally unsustainable and inhumane. Apartheid fell, the Soviet Union fell, French control of Algeria fell apart, and this insane occupation is not long for this earth.
He said, "Netanyahu thinks he has everything under control."
I replied, "So did Hosni Mubarak."
Much love,


text:
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text:
I feel like I have not seen as many butterflies this year as in years past. I have been wanting to capture a good butterfly macro, but with the lack of subjects that I have seen, it has been hard. However, I was in central Oregon this weekend and this one fluttered right up to the flowers I was standing next too and patiently waited while I snapped my shot.
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text:
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Pathology
Publication Date
Document Type
Animals; Antigens; Biomarkers; Histocompatibility Antigens; Humans; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Gland
Immunity | Immunopathology | Pathology
The diversity of antigen receptors and the specificity it underlies are the hallmarks of the cellular arm of the adaptive immune system. T and B lymphocytes are indeed truly unique in their ability to generate receptors capable of recognizing virtually any pathogen. It has been known for several decades that T lymphocytes recognize short peptides derived from degraded proteins presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the cell surface. Interaction between peptide-MHC (pMHC) and the T cell receptor (TCR) is central to both thymic selection and peripheral antigen recognition. It is widely assumed that TCR diversity is required, or at least highly desirable, to provide sufficient immune coverage. However, a number of immune responses are associated with the selection of predictable, narrow, or skewed repertoires and public TCR chains. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the formation of the TCR repertoire and its maintenance in health and disease. We also outline the various molecular mechanisms that govern the composition of the pre-selection, naive and antigen-specific TCR repertoires. Finally, we suggest that with the development of high-throughput sequencing, common TCR 'signatures' raised against specific antigens could provide important diagnostic biomarkers and surrogate predictors of disease onset, progression and outcome.
T cell receptor (TCR), TCR repertoire, TCR diversity, TCR clonotype, TCR bias, Deep sequencing
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
DOI of Published Version
Cell Mol Immunol. 2015 Jul;12(4):391-9. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2014.134. Epub 2015 Jan 26. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Cellular and molecular immunology
Related Resources
PubMed ID
Repository Citation
Attaf M, Huseby E, Sewell AK. (2015). alphabeta T cell receptors as predictors of health and disease. Open Access Articles. https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2014.134. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/oapubs/2699
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License.
Included in
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text:
The shoulder is initially evaluated with conventional radiographs. Shoulder arthritides and other disease processes and their severity can be determined. However, the complex anatomy of the scapula and humerus is best demonstrated with CT.
Normal alignment:
There is normally 5 degrees of glenoid retroversion with respect to the scapular blade.
There is about 30 degrees of scapular anteversion with respect to the chest wall.
Preoperative CT in a patient status post reduction of posterior shoulder dislocation. Note normal alignment of scapula and glenoid.
Abnormal alignment:
Alterations of glenoid version and surface area/size occurs with various pathological processes. Insufficient bone stock can compromise glenoid component fixation. A severely eroded or worn glenoid cannot support a glenoid prosthesis. The orthopaedic surgeon must be aware of remaining glenoid bone stock to plan for potential eccentric reaming or excision of proud surfaces. Bone graft or customized glenoid prostheses may be required in more advanced cases.
Osteoarthritis typically results in posterior wear of the glenoid cartilage and subchondral bone (white arrow). In this patient, there is a large humeral head osteophyte (yellow arrow) and a loose body in the subscapularis bursa (red arrow).
Rheumatoid arthritis frequently results in diffuse glenoid bone loss with medial migration of the joint line to the base of the coracoid process (red arrow).
Massive rotator cuff tear with degenerative arthritis results in superior migration of the humeral head with wear of the superior glenoid and undersurface of the acromion. The glenoid becomes "acetabularized" with the coracoid and acromial arch functioning as the anterior and superior glenoid.


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Sherwood Mall to get upgrade
Investors, including Bobby Brett, purchased the two downtown buildings
Fri., March 8, 2013
Two Spokane investment groups plan to renovate the downtown buildings formerly known as the Sherwood Mall and bring in new tenants.
New owners of the side-by-side downtown properties include several well-known area developers and investors, including Spokane Chiefs and Spokane Indians owner Bobby Brett.
Brett is general manager of 1953 Box LLC, the group buying the two-story building on the corner of Stevens Street and Riverside Avenue. Built in 1953, the building was the first Spokane branch of First National Bank.
Sure Would LLC, led by Tom Clemson, has purchased the eight-story Sherwood Building next door, at 510 W. Riverside Ave.
In the 1970s, the two buildings were joined and marketed as Sherwood Mall, with a skywalk connecting to a building across Stevens Street.
In 1995 Sterling Financial Corp. bought and renovated the two buildings.
In 2007 the bank sold the buildings for $3.7 million to a group of North Idaho doctors.
In August 2012 Sterling moved all of its workers from leased space in the buildings to other downtown locations, vacating the Sherwood properties.
Two weeks ago the doctors group sold the smaller building to Brett and his partners for $500,000 and the Sherwood tower building for $800,000.
Brett's partner, Chris Batten, said the first tenant will be Numerica Credit Union. The building will be rebranded the Numerica Building.
The space last used by Metro Cafe on the second level will be converted and used as offices for Spokane's Nystrom + Olson Architecture, Batten said. Owners Sam Nystrom and Chris Olson are also members of the 1953 Box investment group.
Batten said the group plans to lease 10,000 square feet to another commercial tenant. He also said a new coffee shop will move into the second level.
Renovations will likely begin this spring. Numerica will use the location at its first downtown branch and is expected to move in by fall, Batten said.
The larger building was built in 1917, designed by architect Kirtland Cutter.
Originally, the goal was for the two investor groups to buy the properties together. Batten said he and Brett and the 1953 Box LLC group decided it was easier to separate the two deals.
Batten said both new owners intend to file petitions to have the buildings added to the Spokane register and possibly the National Register of Historic Places.
The two deals were handled by Chris Batten of RenCorpRealty; Michael Mathis and Vic Overholser of SDS Realty; and Kevin McCathren of McCathren Management.
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Whether you want to start a career as a paralegal or earn a Juris Doctor degree and practice law, there's an online degree program to fit your schedule and your career goals. Programs provide training suited to those already working in law offices, as well as those just getting started in the field. Paralegal degree programs provide students with core legal knowledge. You'll also develop critical thinking, communication, organization, and research skills.
Online degrees have helped millions of Americans further their education and reach their goals. Of course, finding the best online law school means finding a degree program that fits your lifestyle. You can earn an associate's degree in paralegal studies, or, if you already have a bachelor's degree, take a certificate program in paralegal studies. Explore online legal and paralegal degrees below to find the program that best suits your needs.


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I have recently converted to mineral makeup and after reading online reviews I decided to use LILY LOLO mineral foundation in BLONDIE. I need to use a moisturiser underneath but I never expected a powder foundation to cover as well as a liquid one. I love it and the colour is extremely blendable so no tell tale tide marks.
STILA convertable colour is the only choice for cheek and lip colour in ROSE which leaves my skin looking fresh and flushed. A little goes a long, long way and my new morning routine means I'm up and ready to go in minutes.
Finally, I love BARE MINERALS make up. I have the eyeshadow in BAHAMAS and it is a lovely shimmering brown. The pale colour gives me a very natural look and I can add eyeliner for more definition if I feel the need.
Finish off with mascara and I'm good to go!


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Watch out, Battlestar Galactica Fans! Here comes an awesome flight simulator which will allow you to dive into the world of BsG.
The game is called "Beyond the Red Line" and will allow you to fly many ships, like the Viper Mk II, Viper Mk VII or Raptor. To have a first look at it I downloaded the demo from the official website.
After playing the demo single player campaign I can only say: I want more!
It is one hell of a game, you really become part of the Battlestar Galactica universe and I can't wait to test the multi player demo part as it allows you to try all three included snubfighters: Viper Mk II, Viper Mk VII and Raptor.
Although the graphics are just awesome and the game play makes you really enjoy the experience to be a Viper-pilot, there are a few things I have to criticize:
The in-game menu is…uhm…let's say, you need to get used to it. It is a bit difficult to keep the orientation there, but maybe they had such a display aboard the Galactica 😉
Also, it takes a bit to get used to the controls, even with the tutorial which explains you everything you need to know about how to properly fly your ship. As a Star Wars: X-Wing Alliance veteran I have some troubles getting used to the aiming as it is very hard to make sure that your shots count. In the SP campaign I had a maximum hit percentage of 28%, maybe I just need to train a bit more to get better 🙂
Ok, ok, it is "just" a demo, so hopefully the final version will have fixed/improved some parts…but after all, the fun factor is there. I consider buying the game already, even if it is just for the fun or the graphics….
There is currently no release date for the game, or didn't find it it. As soon as a date is published, I will update this article 🙂
Meanwhile download the demo from the official website any enjoy it!


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Im looking at my posts here for the year going, "man, I sure missed a lot of cool things". So I'm going share some of what we've missed here starting with this classic Vw Bug piece called "Ran When Parked". Im a big air cooled Vw/Corvair enthusiast (I own 1 of each!) and I can't tell you how many times when browsing the classifieds for these I see the phrase 'Ran When Parked' or 'Haven't Tried to Start it', which to me essentially means: 'we tried, but it takes more effort then we are willing' to get it started. Im not sure which this happens more with in the cars that we've looked at, but it feels like more of a tradition with older Vw's. They're pretty resilient tho, so just a little TLC and they seem to get on to the road pretty easily... as long as the tires are round.
The Signed & Numbered Limited Edition Series Prints are SOLD OUT
Open Edition (Printed Signature) Prints are Available HERE


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Portfolio Map
About Us
GF Properties Group, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Southern Ute Indian Tribe Growth Fund engaged in real estate investment, development and management activities through direct ownership and nationally recognized partnerships.
We have expertise in investment, planning and development, construction and project/asset management with focus on the following areas:
- Acquiring income-producing assets such as apartment, office and industrial properties that are located in attractive areas for investment where there exists a solid underlying long-term trend of growth in population and demand.
- Acquiring land for future development activities, whether self-directed or pursued through a joint venture.
- Divesting assets as appropriate to optimize investment return.
- Providing asset management services for the properties in the portfolio.
Our staff works collaboratively with all stakeholders to produce sustainable projects, neighborhoods and communities that complement their surroundings, address key market needs and stand the test of time.


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From Doug:
Most brewers started out their careers at the very bottom of the totem pole – washing kegs, bottling, scrubbing hard to reach areas – basically doing a lot of the not-fun, grunt work that needs to be done in order for brewery operations to go forth. I want to specifically discuss the job that includes washing kegs. This statement will ring true to many, many brewers and brewery employees:
"You are the keg cleaner. Take immense pride in your job. You are the last line of defense in this brewery…if those kegs aren't properly cleaned then all of the hard work in wort production and fermentation is pointless! Keep this in mind and know how important you are to this brewery."


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A stealth grow box fits in every interior. Do you have a modern interior or more classic? Whether you prefer a small grow box or a big one, you'll go to the European market leader in plug & play grow systems G-Tools. The company has a wide range of grow boxes and appropriate products. Stealth grow boxes are available in different colors, sizes and all price ranges. Some grow boxes are provided with more luxury than other grow boxes. There will always be a stealth grow box which fits to your house or to your organization. You can start growing your own plants, herbs or vegetables in a short amount of time.
Safe, sustainable and productive stealth grow box
G-Tools is specialized in supplying complete grow boxeswhere you can find the equipment. For growing plants, herbs and vegetables. G-Tools responds to the needs of consumers and offer grow boxes to individuals and companies. The wide range of products which you can buy at G-Tools are produced of high quality regarding to safety, sustainability and productivity. On a daily basis the company is in search for innovation the grow boxes, so consumers always receive the newest products. You can buy a complete qualitative plug & play stealth grow box which means that the box is provided with an irrigation system, lights and ventilation. You also have the option to buy products apart from each other. It depends of your wishes.
Buy a complete stealth grow box
Do you already have a stealth grow box? Or do you want to buy one? But you don't want to buy the necessary products in different stores? Then you should go to the specialist in plug & play grow systems: G-Tools. The grow boxes which you can buy in this online store will be completely plug & play delivered. This means that the stealth grow boxes are provided with lights, irrigation system and ventilation. You only need to plug the cabinet in. Of course, every grow box is adjustable to your own wishes and available in different colors and sizes. Don't wait with growing your own plants, herbs and vegetables.


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Contact lenses provide flexibility eyeglasses cannot give to those with vision issues. There are a variety of lenses manufactured for a variety of sight problems, as well as for cosmetic purposes. Almost everyone is now a candidate for some type of contact lens. Getting used to wearing contacts after you have grown accustomed to glasses can be somewhat difficult but a few simple measures can making wearing lenses comfortable quickly.
Make sure the contact lens and your hands are clean. Wash your hands before inserting a new or cleansed lens to avoid getting debris on it, which could make wearing it uncomfortable. It is much easier to get used to wearing lenses when they are completely clean.
Wear your contact lenses for short periods of time when you are first getting used to them. All lenses take getting used to, but hard lenses tend to be the most uncomfortable and wearing them for short adjustment periods can help. Don't keep extended wear lenses on your eyes overnight while adapting to wearing them.
Keep your contact lenses hydrated to make them more comfortable. Use prepared drops that are made for the type of lens you're wearing. Follow the directions on the label for how many drops to insert and how frequently you can apply the product.
Reinsert a lens if it does not "feel" right the first time. Wash your hands again before touching the lenses and re-wet the lens with wetting solution or all-in-one solution before trying it on your eye again. Never use plain tap water when inserting or re-inserting lenses.
Center the lens on your iris to make it more comfortable to wear and easier to get used to wearing. Close your eyes and gently massage the lens into place if it is not centered when you first insert it. You will be able to feel when it is in the proper position.
Don't reuse the same disinfecting solution on your lenses. Don't wear eye cosmetics or other make-up near the eyes while you are getting used to wearing contact lenses. Consult your eye care specialist if you do not adapt to your lenses within three weeks. There may be an issue she can correct.


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and Receive Complimentary E-Books of Previous Editions
During this year of action, let us work together to make local government everybody's business. (Zuma, 2010)1
In his 2010 state-of-the-nation address (SoNA), South African President Jacob Zuma emphasized the need for public involvement in decision-making. Implicitly, however, by employing business as a metaphor, Zuma revealed what he long had ingrained in his way of thinking, namely: comprehending government as a business enterprise that can be quantified, measured and optimized; and acting and speaking accordingly.
World-wide, from Great Britain to China, neo-liberal business principles of commodification2 sprawl into all spheres of society from education, arts, religion, to media and politics. In South Africa, pressures of globalization made the young democracy grow up fast and conform to Western expectations (Adam, Van Zyl Slabbert, & Moodley, 1998, p. 2, p.140). South African post-apartheid presidents have to fulfill the schizophrenic task of appeasing the international (business) world, while at the same time giving hope to social upliftment back home.
The tendency to assess things according to their market value promotes a generally accepted naturalization of business principles within society via language and media frames (e.g., efficiency, branding, profit-, market-, and target-orientation) which—termed "professionalization"—grow into non-profit oriented spheres of life (Chilton &Schäffner, 2002, p.24); this development can be termed businification. The growing power that business principles gain within politics triggers feelings of uneasiness (Adam et al., 1998, p. 140). How far though, does this "colonization" (Chilton &Schäffner, 2002, p.17) really stretch?
Politicians' attitudes towards business are not only displayed in what presidents speak about, but also in how they speak about certain issues. The language itself contains a measure of business proximity through the use of typical terminology (Hundt, 1995; Thomas, 1997), and rhetorical gestures borrowed from business communication.
Based on the observation that presidential rhetoric moves South Africa from a people-centered democracy to an investor-oriented society, this chapter aims at examining traces of business discourse manifested in political and consequently media discourse. The rhetoric analysis (i.e., the focus on an intentional persuasive use of language) of three SoNA's, each held at the opening of parliament after one year in presidential office, by Nelson Mandela (1995), Thabo Mbeki (2000) and Jacob Zuma (2010)3 makes this assumption visible. They marked a reflection on past governing actions, and provided an outlook on future plans. Beyond that, the opening of parliament evolved into an emotional media event of pompous proportions comparable to royal weddings on a national level, as Tim Cohen remarked (1995, February 17).
A linguistically-oriented review of 15 exemplary newspaper articles reporting on the SoNA's, will show, how the speeches have been transmitted to the public. Linguistic analysis implies looking beyond content at discourse specific lexemes, semantic implications, framing patterns and genre specific text structure. Language is the common feature among the fields of politics, business, and the media. They are interdependent, because they impact on each other while at the same retaining their "own particular form of institutionalization" (Fairclough, 2002, p. 182).


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James A. Sadar
Sept. 20, 1937 - Feb. 11, 2018
DULUTH, Minn. - James A. Sadar, 80, Virginia, Minn., died Sunday, Feb. 11, in Essentia - St. Mary's Hospital.
The memorial Mass will be 10 a.m. Friday, Feb. 16, at Holy Spirit Catholic Church in Virginia. Father Brandon Moravitz will officiate. Inurnment will be in the spring in Eveleth (Minn.) Cemetery.
Arrangements by Ziemer-Moeglein-Shatava Funeral Home in Gilbert Minn.


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Dividend Investing versus High-Yield Savings
Dividend investing is one of the easiest ways to build long-term wealth. When companies pay out dividends, they are essentially sharing the profits they have earned with shareholders. Investors, especially those who are interested in income investing, tend to favor companies that pay high dividends. But stocks can be risky and some prefer to put their money into High-Yield Savings. Which is right for you?
What is Dividend Investing?
Dividend investing is the process of taking the dividend payments received from the company you own shares of and using them to buy more shares of the company's stock. One way of automating this process is to enroll in a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP). A Dividend Reinvestment Plan is a plan in which shareholders have cash dividends automatically reinvested into additional shares of the firm's common stock.
What is High-Yield Savings?
As the economy struggles through a recession, more people are looking to place their money in savings accounts. A high-yield savings account is an account opened at a bank or credit union that yields a higher than average rate of interest.
As the name suggest, these accounts have a higher Annual Percentage Yield (APY) than regular savings accounts. The advantages of having a high-yield savings account is that your money is highly liquid, it is FDIC insured, and you can get started with a low minimum balance in most cases. Depending on the bank, some accounts may come with other perks.
Rates of Return
The rate of return on dividend investing varies depending on the stock. It is common for dividend investors to only invest in a company's stock that has a dividend yield of at least 4%. The yield of 4% gives investors the assurance that they will earn more than the average rate of inflation. Investors want to make sure they maintain purchasing power.
The Federal Reserve is keeping target interest rates low, which means that the yield on savings accounts are relatively low as well. Currently, there are some community banks that are offering interest rates as high as 5%. Investors that earn rates this high will be able to accumulate great wealth over the long-term. This yield is not very common. Most banks are offering interest rates of 1.5% to 3% on high-yield savings accounts.
There are also unique risks associated with dividend investing. A dividend stock still has some of the same risk as non-dividend stocks. Companies can experience periods where they are not earning profits, and therefore are not paying dividends.
High-yield savings accounts are FDIC insured, which means that they have zero principle risk. However, there is an inflation risk that is associated with high-yield savings accounts. When the inflation rate, which is usually around 3%, is higher than the yield you are receiving from the savings account, you lose purchasing power. Dividend investing also has inflation risk. The dividend return can be less than the inflation rate as well.
Tax Implications
There are specific tax implications related to dividend investing. Dividend payments are taxed as capital gains and not ordinary income. The current capital gain tax rate is 15% for those in the 25% of higher tax bracket. It is 0% for individuals who are in a lower tax bracket than 25%.
When considering taxes, dividend investing has an advantage over high-yield savings accounts. The interest earned from high-yield savings accounts are treated as ordinary income and taxed at your ordinary federal income tax rate.
Dividend investing and high-yield savings accounts both have their advantages and disadvantages. As with all investments, it is important to research them thoroughly. Investors typically choose investments that offer them the highest possible returns for their risk preferences


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Kelley Burian chronicles the fashion evolution of an everyday gal and shares style tips, sources for inspiration, current trends and great fashion finds.
Known in previous decades by the more pejorative "pleather", faux leather is everywhere right now. Improvements in the look and feel of artificial leather (it's getting harder to tell the difference) have sent it mainstream, and love it or hate it, it's hard to miss when cruising the mall. Here's what you need to know when shopping for faux.
What is it?
Read and share your thoughts on this story.


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Regional Sales Manager, Aesthetics - South Central
Regional Sales Manager, Aesthetics, Field - Texas
The Regional Sales Manager, Aesthetics provides strategic management and sales leadership for a specific geography within the United States. Responsible for sales performance to include launching the first injectable for the treatment of cellulite (if approved); prospecting and building a pipeline for new business opportunities and expanding and maintaining sales. Hire, coach and mentor a team of Territory Managers within assigned geography to build and enhance overall sales capabilities. Help identify territory and regional level opportunities to drive launch performance. Responsible for assisting with the strategy, account identification, selling process and business development of significant accounts in Territory Manager geographies. Work closely with the Area Sales Director to plan and execute regional strategies, expand sales opportunities and achieve overall sales targets on a monthly and quarterly basis.
- Lead the interview and selection process of the regional sales team
- Accountable for meeting or exceeding regional sales objectives on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis
- Direct strategy for regional sales activities and sets individual Territory Manager performance goals accordingly
- Analyze sales to aid in directing Territory Managers to highest priority business development opportunities
- Meet regularly with Territory Managers to develop and track territory performance against quarterly business plans
- Coach Territory Managers on effective business development tactics, the use of marketing program pull-through strategies and territory performance analysis tools
- Analyze sales rep activities, provide coaching on account targeting and new business opportunities
- Manage territory performance during vacancies
- Manage performance and provide feedback in a timely manner
- Develop strong relationships with key accounts and decision makers at multiple levels
- Work closely with marketing team to provide market feedback to drive new business expansion opportunities
- Develop and implement strategies and tactical pull-though to help facilitate the success of National Accounts and Inside Sales
- Contribute to the development and execution of sales training programs
- Manage escalated customer issues and garner additional resources as needed to provide resolution
- Through active listening and questions, understands and has the ability to influence
- Demonstrate a thorough understanding of the aesthetic market, Endo product(s) and how they fit into the aesthetic practice offering
- Analyze and control expenses of the region to conform to budgetary guidelines and return on investment
- Continuously improve skills through corporate and outside training; demonstrating comprehension through achievement of associated examination thresholds
- BA/BS degree or higher required
- 7+ years successful B to B, medical/device or other relevant sales experience; medical aesthetic/dental experience preferred
- Preferred: 3+ years field sales management within medical aesthetics or demonstrated career path development toward field sales management or
- 5+ years successful field sales management
- Consistent top sales awards (Circle of Excellence or equivalent) in sales/sales leadership roles
- Proven skills to hire, coach and develop a successful team
- Experience and knowledge of marketing principles and concepts within an aesthetic medical practice
- Experience and knowledge of inner workings of an aesthetic medical practice
- Launch experience within medical aesthetics
- Current relationships with high-level aesthetic practices and KOLs within the covered geography
- Strong analytical, consulting, and business planning/development skills
- Demonstrated ability to lead teams to effectively execute marketing strategies
- High degree of business acumen
- Strategic thinking and problem solving skills
- Strong interpersonal skills and high emotional intelligence
- Strong conflict resolution skills
- Highly organized and able to prioritize effectively
- Strong negotiating skills
- Ability to effectively manage a budget
- Strong consultative selling skills
- High level of proficiency in Excel, Word, PowerPoint and other software programs
- Excellent presentation, verbal and written communication skills
60% travel with long periods of time riding in cars.
Disclaimer: The above statements are intended to describe the general nature and level of work performed by employees assigned to this job. They are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all duties, responsibilities, and qualifications. Management reserves the right to change or modify such duties as required.
Endo recognizes the advantages of a diverse workforce achieved through a commitment to equal employment opportunities.
Equal Opportunity Employer Minorities/Women/Protected Veterans/Disabled


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Chelsea Manning, born Bradley Edward Manning, the former U.S. Army intelligence analyst who was convicted last year of violations to the Espionage Act, is speaking out to the world about the gross lies that Manning says were perpetrated on the American people regarding the media coverage of the Iraqi conflicts and 2010 elections.
Reports the AFP via Yahoo! News on June 15: "The detained US soldier convicted of leaking a trove of secret documents to WikiLeaks made a rare foray into public life Saturday to warn Americans they were being lied to about Iraq once more."
Manning wrote an op-ed piece that was carried by the New York Times, entitled "The Fog Machine of War." Chelsea Manning is currently serving a 35-year prison sentence for leaking over 700,000 pages of classified documents to WikiLeaks – the largest set of secret docs ever made public.
"As Iraq erupts in civil war and America again contemplates intervention, that unfinished business should give new urgency to the question of how the United States military controlled the media coverage of its long involvement there and in Afghanistan," Manning wrote.
"I believe that the current limits on press freedom and excessive government secrecy make it impossible for Americans to grasp fully what is happening in the wars we finance," adding that the U.S. military only showed the media what they wanted them to see, and controlled what they reported on if they did in fact see more.
"You might remember that the American press was flooded with stories declaring the elections a success, complete with upbeat anecdotes and photographs of Iraqi women proudly displaying their ink-stained fingers," Manning wrote. "The subtext was that United States military operations had succeeded in creating a stable and democratic Iraq. Those of us stationed there were acutely aware of a more complicated reality."
I was shocked by our military's complicity in the corruption of that election. Yet these deeply troubling details flew under the American media's radar. – Chelsea Manning
According to NPR, Manning said she disclosed the information out of "a love for my country and a sense of duty to others."
Manning wrote the following as to what she saw in the 2010 Iraqi elections:
Military and diplomatic reports coming across my desk detailed a brutal crackdown against political dissidents by the Iraqi Ministry of Interior and federal police, on behalf of Prime Minister Nuri Kamai al-Maliki. Detainees were often tortured, or even killed.
Early that year, I received orders to investigate 15 individuals whom the federal police had arrested on suspicion of printing "anti-Iraqi literature." I learned that these individuals had absolutely no ties to terrorism; they were publishing a scholarly critique of Mr. Maliki's administration. I forwarded this finding to the officer in command in eastern Baghdad. He responded that he didn't need this information; instead, I should assist the federal police in locating more "anti-Iraqi" print shops.
Manning was charged with 22 offenses against the United States and is serving her sentence at the maximum-security U.S. Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth. She will be eligible for parole in eight years.
See also:
John Boehner slams Obama: Says Obama is 'taking a nap' while Iraq falls apart
Toddler forced to urinate on Jet Blue seat: Jet Blue denies potty to 3-year-old