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TOAEP publishes two-volume publication based on international conference and project
The Torkal Opsahl Academic EPublisher (TOEAP) has published a two-volume anthology, based in large part on papers presented at the conference "Quality Control in Preliminary Examination" in the Peace Palace in The Hague on 13–14 June 2017.
Edited by Morten Bergsmo (CILRAP Director) and Carsten Stahn (Professor of International Criminal Law and Global Justice at Leiden Law School), the two volumes seek to contribute to a better understanding of preliminary examinations, their normative frameworks, and aspects requiring improvement, both in international and domestic settings. In their introduction, the editors describe;
the sheer expanse of discretion in preliminary examination bolsters the power of the prosecutor vis-à-vis victims, judges, the public and, in international jurisdictions, the States concerned. Public statements made by the prosecutor pursuant to a preliminary examination – or just keeping it open for several years – can cast shadows of incrimination over suspects, governments and States alike (including non- States Parties).
The publication is available online and is free of charge [Volume 1] [Volume 2]. Videos of several conference presentations are also available in CILRAP Film.
Part 1: The Practice of Preliminary Examination: Realities and Constraints
Authors describe and evaluate the practice and constraints of preliminary examination in seven jurisdictions, including Norway, Germany, US Military, India, the ICC, ICTY and ECCC:
- Andrew T. Cayley: Constraints and Quality Control in Preliminary Examination: Critical Lessons Learned from the ICTY, the ICC, the ECCC and the United Kingdom [watch]
- Runar Torgersen: The Concern for Quality Control and Norwegian Preliminary Examination Practice [watch]
- Franklin D. Rosenblatt: Preliminary Examination in the United States Military: Quality Control and Reform
- Abraham Joseph: Pre-Investigation and Accountability in India: Legal and Policy Roadblocks [watch]
- Matthias Neuner: German Preliminary Examinations of International Crimes [watch]
- Matilde E. Gawronski: The Legalistic Function of Preliminary Examinations: Quality Control as a Two-Way Street [watch]
- Amitis Khojasteh: The Pre-Preliminary Examination Stage: Theory and Practice of the OTP's Phase 1 Activities [watch]
Part 2: Case Studies or Situation Analysis
Nine case studies of situation analyses of ICC Preliminary Examinations including Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Palestine, Ukraine, the UK/Iraq and Comoros/Gaza flotilla:
- Marina Aksenova: The ICC Involvement in Colombia: Walking the Fine Line between Peace and Justice [watch]
- Christian M. De Vos: 'Magical Legalism' and the International Criminal Court: A Case Study of the Kenyan Preliminary Examination [watch]
- Benson Chinedu Olugbuo: Challenges in the Relationship between the ICC and African States: The Role of Preliminary Examinations under the First ICC Prosecutor [watch]
- Iryna Marchuk: Dealing with the Ongoing Conflict at the Heart of Europe: On the ICC Prosecutor's Difficult Choices and Challenges in the Preliminary Examination into the Situation of Ukraine
- Thomas Obel Hansen: Accountability for British War Crimes in Iraq? Examining the Nexus between International and National Justice Responses [watch]
- Rachel Kerr: The UK in Iraq and the ICC: Judicial Intervention, Positive Complementarity and the Politics of International Criminal Justice [watch]
- Sharon Weill: The Situation of Palestine in Wonderland: An Investigation into the ICC's Impact in Israel [watch]
- Nino Tsereteli: Quality Control in the Preliminary Examination of the Georgia Situation [watch]
- Ali Emrah Bozbayindir: The Venture of the Comoros Referral at the Preliminary Examination Stage
Part 3: The Normative Framework of Preliminary Examinations
Six contributions explore the normative framework of preliminary examinations, including:
- Alexander Heinze and Shannon Fyfe: Prosecutorial Ethics and Preliminary Examinations at the ICC [watch]
- Asaf Lubin: Politics, Power Dynamics, and the Limits of Existing Self-Regulation and Oversight in ICC Preliminary Examinations [watch]
- Jens Iverson: Disarming the Trap: Evaluating Prosecutorial Discretion in Preliminary Examinations beyond the False Dichotomy of Politics and Law [watch]
- Christopher B. Mahony: Make the ICC Relevant: Aiding, Abetting, and Accessorizing as Aggravating Factors in Preliminary Examination [watch]
- Matthew E. Cross: The Standard of Proof in Preliminary Examinations [watch]
- Gregory S. Gordon: Reconceptualizing the Birth of the International Criminal Case: Creating an Office of the Examining Magistrate [watch]
Part 4: Transparency, Co-operation and Participation in Preliminary Examination
Seven articles Address specific themes of importance to ICC preliminary examinations
- Ana Christina Rodríguez Pineda: Deterrence or Withdrawals? Consequences of Publicizing Preliminary Examination Activities [watch]
- Vladimir Tochilovsky: Objectivity of the ICC Preliminary Examinations [watch]
- Mutoy Mubiala: The ICC's Interplay with UN Fact-Finding Commissions in Preliminary Examinations
- LING Yan: Non-States Parties and the Preliminary Examination of Article 12(3) Declarations
- Dov Jacobs and Jennifer Naouri: Making Sense of the Invisible: The Role of the 'Accused' during Preliminary Examinations [watch]
- Andreas Schüller and Chantal Meloni: Quality Control in the Preliminary Examination of Civil Society Submissions [watch]
- Sarah Williams: Civil Society Participation in Preliminary Examinations [watch]
Part 5: Thematicity in Preliminary Examination
Five papers Address other themes central to the practice of preliminary examinations yet fell outside of the scope of the 2017 conference, including:
- Usha Tandon, Pratibha Tandon and Shreeyash U. Lalit: Quality Control in Preliminary Examination of Rape and Other Forms of Sexual Violence in International Criminal Law: A Feminist Analysis
- Cynthia Chamberlain: Preliminary Examinations and Children: Beyond Child Recruitment Cases and Towards a Children's Rights Approach [watch]
- Mark Kersten: Casting a Larger Shadow: Premeditated Madness, the International Criminal Court, and Preliminary Examinations
- Alexa Koenig, Felim McMahon, Nikita Mehandru and Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee: Open Source Fact-Finding in Preliminary Examinations [watch]
- Elizabeth M. Evenson: ICC Preliminary Examinations and National Justice: Opportunities and Challenges for Catalysing Domestic Prosecutions [watch]
Related publications
- Morten Bergsmo, (ed.). Quality Control in Fact-Finding, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, Florence, 2013, 500 pp. (ISBN: 978-82-93081-78-4). First published on 16 November 2013. PURL: http://www.toaep.org/ps-pdf/19-bergsmo.
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If there's one form of mobile advertising that really clicks with mobile gamers, it's rewarded video ads. The ad type which rewards users with in-game currency or content for watching a video makes it very popular among mobile gamers. In fact, a recent report by Unity suggests that 46% of mobile game players today prefer viewing rewarded video content over any other ad type. 62% regularly choose to engage with a video ad for an in-game reward.
Driving user engagement & retention
Why are rewarded video ads gaining so much popularity? In a mobile game, players often get stuck at a particular level, or need just those few extra coins to make it to the next one or unlock a feature. Rewarded videos serve as the perfect aid for gamers in such situations, which is why today, more gamers are engaging with these ads.
Furthermore, these ads become such an inherent part of the game experience that they enhance the overall experience instead of affecting it. This is evident from the fact that 90% of the surveyed game publishers saw no effect on user retention after introducing rewarded video ads. On the contrary, 62% saw retention climb or stabilize on introducing rewarded video ads to an existing game. Users are more inclined to stay with the game as these ads let them unlock premium in-game content, thereby offering a more enriching gaming experience.
Increased revenue opportunities
52% of mobile game publishers identified video ads as the highest revenue generator per user compared to any other type of in-game advertising. This is because, firstly video ads are expensive compared to other ad formats. Secondly, the opt-in nature of these ads, coupled with the fact that they incentivize the user's engagement means users are more likely to engage with the video ad till its completion. As a result, the eCPM for these ads is much higher, which further translates to greater ad revenue. However, to ensure that gamers find more value in these ads and don't engage with them just for unlocking some in-game content, advertisers too are focusing on pushing relevant video ads to these users.
If you're looking to drive more engagement and sessions for your mobile game, rewarded video ads can certainly help you do so. And while you're at it, look for an app monetization platform that can bring you quality rewarded video ad content that your users will enjoy.

subset: commoncrawl


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Adam Blair is a Senior Analyst with EDR Group and helps lead the firm's economic growth strategy and evaluation practice. He brings wide ranging experience working with public sector clients, both evaluating economic growth and development programs, and forecasting implications of emerging economic changes to develop strategies related to entrepreneurship, small business support and workforce development. Mr. Blair has worked for state and federal departments of revenue, state departments of transportation, regional planning organizations, chambers of commerce, and educational institutions. In addition, Mr. Blair brings experience working for some of the nation's largest metropolitan planning organizations on the development of employment forecasts used to drive population models and establish scenarios for urban growth. He routinely helps clients understand the strengths and limitations of economic data sources (both public and private), and knows how to collect the right information needed to inform planning decisions.
In a business development capacity, Adam forms regional partnerships and works to expand EDR Group's footprint in the Midwest, serving on the Center for Neighborhood Technology Young Innovators board. Adam has extensive research experience, and is well-versed in methods used to understand regional economies and supply chains. Adam is also an adjunct instructor at DePaul University in Chicago, where he teaches an undergraduate course on sustainable urban transportation.
Prior to joining EDR Group, Mr. Blair studied rural energy policy at the Community and Regional Development Institute, a Cornell University research and extension center. He also has transportation planning experience, having cofounded an independent car sharing organization that is now owned and operated by Zipcar. Adam holds a bachelor's degree in environmental design from the University at Buffalo and master's degree in city and regional planning from Cornell University.
Phone: 617 338 6775 x259


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Fried Fish on a Guacamole Bean Salad
Serves 4
Crisp polenta batter with spiced beans and the zing of lemon.
Use these products
- Zest and juice of 2 fresh limes
- 3 tbsp (45 ml) Olive oil
- 1 medium Red onion, chopped
- 4 Firm ripe tomatoes, chopped
- ½ bunch Roughly chopped coriander
- ½ cup Chopped parsley
- 2 Green chillies chopped
- 1 x 400 g Red kidney beans drained and rinsed
- Salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 2 Firm ripe avocado pears, peeled and diced at the last moment
- 400 g Sea Harvest Hake Fillets
- 2 cups (500 ml) Fine polenta
- ¾ cup (187.5 ml) Corn flour
- Salt and pepper
- 3 Eggs beaten
- Oil for frying
- Place all of the salad ingredients except the avocado into a large bowl and gently mix together, place in the fridge for an hour before serving and stir in the avocado just before serving.
- Mix together the polenta, corn flour and salt and pepper.
- Place the hake fillets in the beaten egg, then roll in the polenta and place in the fridge for 10 minutes.
- Heat the oil in a non-stick frying pan and fry the fillets, a few at a time, till golden on both sides.
- Serve with the guacamole bean salad and wedges of freshly cut lemon.
TIP: Fresh, lightly cooked sweetcorn added to the salad is also delicious. Make the salad first and then fry the fish.


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Jimmy Grey says he's been out of work for almost a year and needed a project to stay busy. So with the heavy snowfall this winter, the 25-year-old laborer got to work on an extreme igloo in his family's yard in Aquilla (ah-KWIL'-uh), about 30 miles east of Cleveland.
His four-room creation has 6-foot ceilings and an entertainment room. He powers the TV with an extension cord plugged into an outlet in the garage. He also ran wires for cable television with surround-sound stereo.
Grey says candles help add ambiance for nighttime get-togethers with friends, and the freezing temperatures mean that the beer never goes warm.


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Tuesday, 3 February 2015
What Would You Do If You Weren't Afraid? | Abi Street
16 comments
Great post! :) I have to admit that the thought of having to go out or to work without wearing any make-up does panic me a little and I really wish it didn't. It's such a shame that most young girls feel this way and I think more should be done to motivate girls to feel confident in their own body!ReplyDelete
Natalie Ann xo // Petal Poppet Blogs ♥Replies
Thank you Natalie. I completely agree, there should be a lot more done to make young girls feel comfortable in their own skin xxDelete
Such a great post lovely! I have to say that I don't actually wear any makeup during the week, I've just sort of go to the point where I'm like "this is my face, deal with it!" It's mainly through laziness that I don't wear makeup during the week, I'd rather have that extra 5/10 minutes in bed! Lol – that, and there is literally no one to dress up for at work! Lol - I've had a few comments like "oh you don't look well" or "are you feeling ok" I just make light of the situation and say something back like "I've got a bare ass face today, that's probably why I look ill!" lolReplyDelete
Hayley xo| Sailor StoriesReplies
Totally agree!!! I love days without makeup.. it makes getting ready for bed so much easier haha.. but on a another note, it's so hard to not share my love for makeup with my 8 yr old neice when she wants to try on lipgloss. Even though it's just lipgloss, I want her to keep her purity and confidence the way she is -- makeup free! That's so important to instill in younger girls. They are growing up entirely too quick these days, 15 yr old girls act 26!!!!! Great post Abi :)ReplyDelete
xo, Becky
Makeup free days are the best! Yes!! It scares me that girls so young now and so involved in makeup, and the whole beauty community. I think young girls should take advantage of their lovely skin, and natural beauty whilst they're young!! Thank you xxDelete
Ah how great, such a lovely post. I don't really like makeupless days, but sometimes I'm just way too lazy.ReplyDelete
I totally love your blog! I'm following you on Bloglovin right now.
Kelly | www.Elegantic.nl ♥
great post!!ReplyDelete
maybe tomorrow i give my face a rest and go out with no make up ;)
Thank you :) You definitely should xxDelete
amazing post! Its great that you now feel comfortable in your skin, nothing is more amazing than that. I think you should absolutely take up that challenge and go without make-up one day out of the weekReplyDelete
Thank you :) I wouldn't say I feel comfortable in my own skin, but I have realised it definitely isn't as bad as i though! xxDelete
i understand you perfectly dear, this is what young ladies need to know.. today i also slept out and i had no make up, i felt good going out like that..ReplyDelete
thanks for sharing
beautiful and nice blog too
i am following now, please follow back. thank you
Exactly, I feel like young girls really need to take note!! Im glad :) Thank you xxDelete
I love this post. Thank you for sharing.ReplyDelete


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Video Gallery
Coach Mary, Chris, Stephanie and first time Ironwoman Gayla compete in the 2010 Arizona Ironman.
They battle through strong winds and cold rain on the gruesome 112 mile bike ride and then push on through 26 miles of running into the desert night. This was one tough race and these are four of the toughest WB athletes.
Ironman Triathlon Motivation Video


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Picking the right flooring for your home is important. The floor you pick will have a huge impact on the look and feel of every room.
Floor Coverings International, serving Walnut Creek and surrounding areas, can help you determine what type of vinyl flooring is best for your home. We offer free in-home consultations and offer many popular styles of vinyl floors. Walnut Creek residents should look no further – we do the hard work so you don't have to.
Our design consultants come to your home with a huge variety of options. They will work with you to find the perfect flooring solution for each of your rooms.
Our designers are also well educated about all types of flooring so they can answer any questions you might have.
In addition, our instant visualization software enables us to show you how your room will look with the flooring you choose, without actually having it installed yet. The technology is stunning and you'll instantly be impressed when you see images of your rooms with different types of flooring! Our software provides a great way to view many different flooring options for each room to help make decisions. A tough decision just got a lot easier and we provide flawless installation. You won't be disappointed.
Setup a Free Consultation with our quick and easy online scheduler or call us at (925)-522-9697
Why Choose FCI in Walnut Creek CA?
- Free In-Home Design Consultation – We take the hassle out of getting beautiful new flooring. With thousands of selections to choose from, our design associates can help you narrow the choices considering your lifestyle, personal tastes and existing décor
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Want to learn more about Vinyl Flooring? We've got you covered…
Across the U.S. and here in Walnut Creek, vinyl flooring is the most popular flooring surface. Over the years, manufacturing processes and technology have evolved to enable significant product improvements.
Generally speaking, vinyl flooring comes in two main types – tile and sheet forms. The majority of Walnut Creek vinyl flooring tiles have an adhesive backing that peels off for quick and easy positioning on the floor. Others vinyl tiles have felt backing and require glue for installation. Glue-down vinyl can be tricky if you're installing the floor yourself. Vinyl-backed tiles only require glue on the edges and can be removed as needed. Sheet vinyl on the other hand is shipped in rolls and is typically installed by professionals.
Vinyl flooring has a cushion backing that provides for a surface that is soft and comfortable under foot. Therefore, vinyl is especially well-suited as a kitchen floor where people spend a large amount of time on their feet. When dishes and glassware are dropped on a vinyl floor, the result may be a dent instead of broken glass. Choose a textured Walnut Creek vinyl flooring surface to camouflage these dents.
As vinyl is water-resistant, this flooring choice is also ideal as a bathroom floor vinyl flooring is also not as chilly under your feet on cold mornings than some other flooring types. Some vinyl can be a bit slippery when wet so be sure to choose a textured vinyl floor to mitigate this risk.
With advances in technology, vinyl flooring can have the life-like appearance of wood flooring, natural stone or tile, slate, and more. Vinyl floors can even be artistic and fashion-forward.
In the end, be sure to talk with the professionals at Floor Coverings International about vinyl flooring. We also provide free, in-home consultations for residents in Walnut Creek. Contact us today!


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For Dinner Tonight:Veggie Mexican Lasagna
A unique twist on the concept of lasagna, traditionally multiple layers of cheese, noodles and sauce is Mexican lasagna, which isn't really lasagna at all, but the layering concept is the same. In place of noodles is tortilla; no ricotta or tomato sauce, either. This dish is quick, easily adaptable to your particular taste and freezes well. Eat up and enjoy.
Ingredients: ?1 (14 oz.) can diced tomatoes — seasoned if you prefer?1 (14 oz.) can sweet corn kernels, drained (you may use frozen corn instead)?1 (14 oz.) can mixed vegetables, drained (again, substitute frozen if you prefer)?1 (15 oz.) can refried beans?1 (15 oz.) can black or pinto beans?1 package taco seasoning?1 small jar of salsa (if you need to kick up the spice)?8 tortillas (we suggest whole wheat)?1 package (about 2 cups) shredded cheese (Cheddar, Monterey Jack or Mozzarella)?sour cream, optional?veggie "meat" crumbles, optional (but taste really good)
Directions: ?Preheat oven to 375° F?In a large mixing bowl, combine tomatoes, corn, mixed veggies, beans and taco seasoning (if you are so inclined, add the salsa and/or the veggie crumbles to the bean mixture). Mix thoroughly.?Spray a 9- x 13-inch casserole dish (or round 9- x 3-inch dish) with cooking spray, line with a layer of tortillas, tearing them and overlapping if necessary to get an even layer covering the bottom of the dish. Spread half of the bean mixture in a layer over the tortillas. (You may add a separate layer of veggie crumbles if not used in the bean mixture). Sprinkle with half the cheese. Repeat with remaining tortillas, bean mixture, (veggie crumbles) and cheese. Bake 25 to 30 minutes, or until cheese is bubbly. Let stand 1 or 2 minutes.
Serving Instructions?: Cut into squares (or slices, if using a round dish) to serve; makes about eight servings. Top each serving with a dollop of sour cream (optional).?Don't feel locked into the specific ingredients. The nice thing about this dish is the ability to change up the ingredients to cater to your audience. Replace corn with green beans, or mixed veggies with cooked carrots, etc. Any way you bake it, it'll be a crowd pleaser that gets the vegetables where they need to be — and makes you the hero for your cooking prowess.Have a recipe you want to share? Send it to email@example.com.
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text: Sparkling and featherlight, 10 Corso Como is as chic as it is subtle. Things get off to a rather piquant start in this fragrance. Sandalwood and frankincense team up to relate a story of terse, green dusted wood meeting the sweet, resinous brown burn of frankincense. Musk and rose, beneath these initial notes of wood and incense, create an unusual and vivid sense of lightly scented human skin, as if the sandalwood-frankincense top notes are a hand carved scrim hiding the anointed flesh. Geranium, brilliant and pure, ignites the heart of this veiled affair, like a beam of sun filtering through the patterned panels to provide a dappled illumination of the body behind. Vetiver smells of fresh silt, dark, sodden and pulsing with the potential for life. The rare Malay oud that graces the base of this scent presents us with a degree of woodsy animalism that we imagine is the perfect expression for the smell of this mysterious body mingling with the sun shot, carved wood that shields it from view. A smooth, close wearing, androgynous scent, 10 Corso Como is as fugitive as it is enticing. A quiet mystery that has enthralled scent lovers for decades, this fragrance promises to add a touch of elegant mystique to your daily. Spray, and settle in for the pleasure of a private viewing.


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3.1 A medicine must not be promoted prior to the grant of the marketing authorization which permits its sale or supply.
3.2 The promotion of a medicine must be in accordance with the terms of its marketing authorization and must not be inconsistent with the particulars listed in its summary of product characteristics.
Clause 3 Marketing AuthorizationThe legitimate exchange of medical and scientific information during the development of a medicine is not prohibited provided that any such information or activity does not constitute promotion which is prohibited under this or any other clause.Clause 3 Promotion at International MeetingsThe promotion of medicines at international meetings held in the UK may on occasion pose certain problems with regard to medicines or indications for medicines which do not have a marketing authorization in the UK although they are so authorized in another major industrialised country.The display and provision of promotional material for such medicines is permitted at international meetings in the UK provided that the following conditions are met:
Clause 3.1 Advance Notification of New Products or Product Changes which May Significantly Affect ExpenditureNHS organisations and others involved in the purchase of medicines need to estimate their likely budgets in advance and there is a need for them to receive advance information about the introduction of new medicines, or changes to existing medicines, which may significantly affect their level of expenditure.At the time this information is required, the medicines concerned (or the changes to them) will not be the subject of marketing authorizations (though applications will often have been made) and it would be in breach of the Code for them to be promoted. Companies wishing to provide advance notification must ensure that information is also provided wherever possible for inclusion in national horizon scanning databases. Non promotional information can be provided as advance notification but it must: i) relate to:
(a) a product which contains a new active substance, or(b) a product which contains an active substance prepared in a new way, such as by the use of biotechnology, or(c) a product which is to have a significant addition to the existing range of authorized indications, or(d) a product which is to have a novel and innovative means of administration
ii) only be directed to those responsible for making policy decisions on budgets and not those expected to prescribe.
iii) state whether or not a new medicine or a change to an existing medicine is the subject of a marketing authorization in the UKiv) state the likely cost or savings and budgetary implications which must be such that they will significantly change the organisation's likely expenditurev) be factual and limited to that sufficient to provide an adequate but succinct account of the product's properties; other products should only be mentioned to put the new product into context in the therapeutic area concernedThe information provided must not:
i) be promotional in style – product logos should be avoided but company logos may be used; the brand name of the product may be included in moderation but it should not be stylised or used to excessii) include mock up drafts of either summaries of product characteristics or package leaflets.If requested further information may be supplied or a presentation made.
Clause 3.2 Unauthorized IndicationsThe promotion of indications not covered by the marketing authorization for a medicine is prohibited by this clause.


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Dimension Data Offers Managed Services for Video
IT solutions provider aims to capitalize on video explosion with new management service.
November 10, 2011
D.H. Kass: More stories by this author:
Dimension Data plc, a $5 billion IT services and solution provider, said that it is offering a managed service for visual communications to rid customers of what it called the "headache" of video management while promoting end user adoption and maximizing return on investment.
The global integrator, which maintains well over 100 offices worldwide and recently achieved Microsoft Corp.'s coveted Cloud Accelerate Partner status, said that a main impediment hindering video adoption is the user's initial experience, what the company termed "the golden two minutes."
"If video doesn't work within what we call the golden two minutes– whether it's a problem with the technology, poor quality calls, the user isn't sure how to operate the technology, or a technical issue is not quickly solved--then employees are likely to revert to an alternative method of communication which is usually the telephone, and they probably won't try it again," said Terry Dwyer, Dimension Data visual communications director.
"And if employees don't use it, then their colleagues or clients won't either," he said. "Consequently, the business as a whole will not derive the benefits for which the technology was purchased to deliver," he said.
Dimension will aim its video managed service offering at large businesses, including multi-national and global enterprises, excluding small- to medium-sized organizations, he said. By managing a client's video, the service will help businesses lower operational costs, eliminate cost barriers to entry, improve the user's experience and focus on their core technologies, officials said.
Dimension said that its research revealed a support gap for companies investing in video but lacking a strategic blueprint for the technology. In a study the company conducted last year among 809 U.S.-based respondents, nearly half said that they were absent a plan to manage video, either for on-premise or hosted installations.
Dwyer said that Dimension's research data showed that businesses need a video managed service to handle issues such as patches and upgrades. Indeed, more than 60 percent of participants in its study cited bandwidth issues as a key challenge to implementing video technology.
"Just keeping the lights on with video requires massive investments in the necessary management platforms, systems, expertise and experience," he said. "While it's possible for organizations to handle video in-house, it's very costly, time consuming, and extremely burdensome for companies that don't manage video as a business," said Dwyer.
With the expected growth in video, businesses are on the cusp of needing to deploy large scale visual communication strategies, he said.
"We thus made the decision to invest in and expand in order to support video globally, since we already had the global footprint, and the services and certifications to support our clients," he said.
"With Managed Services for Visual Communications, our clients can now offload their entire video estate to Dimension Data to manage, rather than use multiple small, local AV companies," said Dwyer.
TAGS: video,managed service,Dimension Data,visual communications
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-Modern Shift


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Solar Cost Palm Springs
With the reasonable quantity of sunlight in southern California, solar powers are an all-natural means to help Palm Springs property owners decrease the cost of air conditioning and heating. Government incentives and city efforts make solar panels much more attractive than ever, and much more cost effective. Solare Energy has inexpensive solar panel options to assist house owners minimize power expenses, in addition to their carbon footprint.
Solar power make use of the abundant organic illumination here in Palm Springs to change sunlight into electrical energy. Solar energy is fed into the electrical system at the house and in fact causes the meter to run in the opposite direction when it is creating a lot more power than the home owner lookings for. House owners who have Solare Power solar panels mounted in Palm Springs record they have minimize their energy prices by as much as 80 %!
Palm Springs has introduced a leading effort to decrease electricity demands. All brand-new city facilities and major structure restoration jobs are required to accomplish LEED Silver credentials, a higher specification of green building. New city structures additionally must produce at the very least 10 % of the electric power utilizing renewable modern technologies, such as solar panels, in Palm Springs. Furthermore, solar panels will certainly assist Palm Springs satisfy its Energy Plan for a Sustainable Future. The strategy includes a goal to lessen electricity use 10 % by 2012, and increase the amount of renewable energy used at city facilities by 2020.
Solare Energy collaborates with California State firms to identify and accomplish solar and electricity performance job possibilities. Solare Electricity helps finance solar jobs via third-party solar energy Acquisition Agreements.
Several consumers think solar installments are expensive, yet the fact is that Solare Energy could mount solar panels in Palm Springs for a reasonable price. As a matter of fact, the upfront costs are commonly repaid within 8 years, leaving you with free electric power for years.
Now, Solare Electricity supplies a pre-paid Buying power Arrangement that permits homeowners to go solar for less compared to ever before, with full 20 year surveillance and performance insurance coverage. The resident pays in advance for the electrical energy to be produced by the solar device. The device is installed by Solare Electricity and possessed by the financing company. This is a wonderful means for home owners in the Palm Springs area which want solar powers to obtain them installed at a reduced upfront cost.
Some highlights of the program:.
– Lower price than buying organs in cash considering that the funding firm can benefit from the higher industrial federal government motivations.
– Leading doing, made in the US photovoltaic panels from Solar Globe.
– Surveillance, maintenance and efficiency assured for 20 years.
– Versatile alternatives at the end of the 2 agreement to either have the financing firm take the organs away at no expense, or acquire the organs at reasonable market value [anticipated to be $1 at end of term] and keep except for one more 15-20 years.


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If you live in the Norwood, MA area, be sure to check out all of the new vintage and antique shops which have taken over the old warehouses on Endicott St.
Some of them have great stuff for great prices, and it is marvelous to see these big beautiful lofty warehouse spaces being used again! A great place to pick up a unique gift or two!
Nest will have a booth at Vintage Thymes, which is open once a month for 3 days.
The next market weekend is Friday Dec 7th thru Sunday December 9th. Shop vintage! Save the World.
And if you cannot make it to the market and have interest in any of the items you see pictured - like my FAB burlap Farmers Market Bags!!! - please let me know! Call, email, or leave a comment.
Boy, would a bag like that make a GREAT gift, or what?!


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Our primary goal is to provide you outstanding customer service and support. To achieve this goal and to help you optimize Lumens benefits and features, we provide a variety of support services to answer inquiries and develop user expertise such as:
Our Pledge
Augusoft uses the latest technology to develop and maintain Lumens and has aggressive standards in place to ensure Lumens is available and fully functional at all times. On occasion, our customers may require assistance from product specialists. We pledge to provide an exceptional support experience through easy access to information, staff and solutions.
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Augusoft will acknowledge all requests within 24 hours of receipt and respond with an answer or action being taken to deliver a solution. For all critical problems we deliver resolutions as quickly as possible. We keep you notified of the status of your inquiry by email. We keep you informed of system-wide issues with regular alerts through our Customer Communication Center, located at your Lumens Administrative home page or by email.
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Augusoft empowers customers to help themselves. Our online knowledge base answers commonly asked questions with clear explanations and step-by-step instructions. New items appear regularly to support you with the use of Lumens. In addition, customers have access to an extensive archive of industry and product-related news articles and online training sessions.
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A small-town detective fights demons from his past as he scrambles to find a kidnapped child in this Australian import.
When a merchant witnesses a small boy being stuffed into the trunk of a car, Detective Bart Moy, the Guilderton Police Deptartment's sole criminal investigator, takes the matter seriously. Even though his boss, Superintendent Graves, and nearly everyone else in the department believes Moy's chasing a ghost, Bart refuses to discount the man's story. Some of that dedication can be traced to his own experience—a terrible accident cost him his small son and his wife, Megan. After his previous life was laid to ruins, Bart moved back to Guilderton to take care of his ailing farmer father, George, and solve routine cases. But once the child's stolen, strange things start happening. First, there's the body of the woman discovered burned to a crisp in a government home; all the police know is that she's a squatter. When Bart finally finds the child, whose name he determines is Patrick, he continues to work the case. Orr turns in a sensitive and sometimes-moving look at a man drowning in the sorrows of his past, with a prickly relationship with his father and with a child who desperately needs to trust someone; but as good as the writing may be, there will doubtless be problems with the American readership. Orr's prose unleashes an avalanche of Australian terms that will make little sense to readers here—so many that often the story can seem unintelligible.
A sweetly told tale of fatherhood and loss, but American readers may have difficulty trying to deduce the meaning of a "footy club" and other expressions peculiar to Australia.


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A modern garden artist who worked in the tradition of Thomas Wright until her recent death was Canadian Anne Roberts, whose Toronto design studio Feir Mill created summerhouses, pavilions, temples, gazebos and distinctive architectural pieces from freshly gathered timbers in the 'rustic tradition' for a client list that included Woody Allen, Martha Stewart, and Steve Jobs.
Unlike Wright, who designed for woodland glade and rocky outcrop (and created them where they did not naturally exist), Anne's work settles comfortably into flat open spaces.
Ontario, like my own native Oklahoma, is prairie land.


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(07632) 245250
(07632) 245333
CCE is being implemented as per theinstruction issued by both CBSE and KVS. The projectof preparation of E progress report cards has been undertaken and the same have been issued to the parents both after FA I and SA I .The various activities are being planned and conducted in every class in every subject monthly basis. Record is also being maintained. As the Second Term has been commenced FA 4 activities have also been started. The FA3 will be conducted as a pen paper test.PSA Test for classes IX to XI is going to be held on as per schedule of CBSE. SA2 exams will be conducted in the month of March 2016.


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IC Labs
Imagine Communications Labs (IC Labs) enable customers to quickly and efficiently test proofs-of-concept and validate complex integrations before making costly investments — all from a cloud and IP environment.
Customers will appreciate the speed and flexibility IC Labs offers, allowing try-before-buy experience with Imagine's solutions. Want to try the latest cloud-based cDVR, Ad Insertion, Live ABR transcode, or Playout solutions? Need to make sure your use cases will work? IC Labs can help.
What IC Labs does:
Provides infrastructure for integration testing, POCs and demos
Whether the application is for cloud or lab-based systems, IC Labs can supply the infrastructure to meet the needs of product teams and customers looking to prove system functionality. Systems can be created using partner infrastructure such as Microsoft Azure, Amazon AWS and others. In addition, IC Labs maintains its own state-of-the-art blade computing environments from Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Cisco and IBM.
Validates Imagine Communications-based soutions
Experience shows that not all commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) IT hardware platforms perform equally well under the load conditions required for real-time video applications. Performance specifications, I/O characteristics and many other factors influence the ultimate product. The same holds true for cloud providers.As the global leader enabling media companies to transition to IP-based products, Imagine Communications recognizes these potential disparities and has established a verification program to ensure that the software and hardware components interoperate properly.
Shortens the cycle
With its vast resources and pre-configured environment, IC Labs shrinks the amount of time it takes to evaluate a solution which means a faster time to market for implementation.


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|The popular Forrest Gump opening feather scene was
filmed here at the historic Independence Presbyterian
Church steeple near Chippewa Square where
Forrest sat on a bench, storytelling with his box
of chocolates for Jenny.
Better still, kick up that thought for a Savannah trip! What would be more fun than seeing Savannah through the eyes of Forrest, Forrest Gump? Lodging in a Romantic Inn in Savannah will make the Savannah experience even more special.
In Savannah flashbacks are simple!
So many Forrest Gump movie spots are still familiar today and easy to spot in downtown Savannah.
On Chippewa Square (park bench scene, facing north), Forsyth Park (playground scene), Lauri's Cafe on Wright Square (Jenny's waitress scenes), on West Bay Street (the running sequence), and the Independence Presbyterian Church steeple (the opening feather scenes). A replica of the park bench is in the Savannah History Museum in the Visitor's Center on Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard. A movie tour will introduce you to more film locations in Savannah.
The music is gentle and beautiful.
Released in 1994, the movie starred Tom Hanks in the title role, Gary Sinise (Lt. Dan), Sally Field (Mrs. Gump), and Robin Wright (Jenny Curran). Filming took place August 27, 1993 - December 9, 1993. Here's a link to the movie trailer.
|Oglethorpe Statue in Chippewa Square
is a site seen in background during
the park bench scenes in the "Forrest
Gump" movie. Photo circa 1960s,
showing Town & Country ladies shop
in background. Today Gallery
Espresso is on the southeast corner.
- Best Actor in a Leading Role: Tom Hanks
- Best Director: Robert Zemeckis
- Best Effects: Visual Effects, Ken Ralston, George Murphy, Stephen Rosenbaum, Allen Hall
- Best Film Editing: Arthur Schmidt
- Best Picture: Wendy Finerman, Steve Starkey, Steve Tisch
- Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published: Eric Roth
- Source: IMDb.com
The movie's famous taglines have stood the test of time -- (1) The story of a lifetime. (2) The world will never be the same once you've seen it through the eyes of Forrest Gump. (3) Life is like a box of chocolates...you never know what you're gonna get.
Midday in Savannah, Georgia, hang around Chippewa Square. It's a fun spot for people watching and enjoying a picnic on a park bench. You may even spot the popular Forrest Gump look alike!
Want to know more? Check out the YouTube (below) identifying the behind the scenes "how to" of making the opening feather scene. The church and steeple are popular photos by Savannah tourists.
We hope to see you soon! Meanwhile, check in daily with Romantic Inns of Savannah innkeepers for more ideas for your next Savannah trip, and stay tune for more Throwback Thursday photos and story shorts via Twitter and Facebook.
Copyright (c) 2013 Romantic Inns of Savannah / Sandy Traub


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An article highlighted by an editorial in the BMJ shows the increase in HIV in the Phillippines and the reduction in average age at the time of infection. Sex workers, bisexuals, and overseas workers are all at great risk – and so are their sexual partners.
Given the nature of the sex trade in the Philippines, I would imagine this is an issue that countries like the UK, Australia, US, Netherlands, etc. would be specifically interested in. I would argue that these countries should be spending more in combatting the spread of HIV in the Philippines for their own good. Even more prudent would be to put pressure on advocating for condom use programmes in a country where the government is scared of offending the Catholic Church.


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I went to Lower Light yesterday to watch Scott, my favourite son-in-law, do his first tandem parachute jump. My family had paid for the jump as his 21st birthday present. He was very excited and we were all feeling it, too.
I was shooting on Av but wasn't very happy with the overly-pink skin tones that resulted. I've been able to fix most of it in post-processing but will make a mental note to watch out for it next time.
We hung around for a while, watching other people go up and come down until, eventually, it was Scott's turn. After a brief instruction on what to do and when to do it, it was time for him to board the plane.
I added a lightening action to this photo which seemed to suit the feel of the day. I remain impressed with the clarity Mark II coupled with my 100mm macro give me.
I increased the blues here a little with Mr Blue Skies from Paint the Moon. I love the lighting in this shot.
Unfortunately we weren't allowed on the other side of the landing field so the sun was too bright to get much detail of the landing.


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A lot went wrong in the 49ers' loss to Seattle Sunday night.
The offensive line couldn't open up holes for Frank Gore, wide receiver Anquan Boldin couldn't get open, the defense couldn't stop Marshawn Lynch and the Niners' lost starting nose tackle Ian Williams for the rest of the season with a fractured ankle.
Also, the 49ers were penalized 12 times for 121 yards, some of which were very costly, including a 40-yard pass-interference call on Nnamdi Asomugha, an unnecessary roughness call on Aldon Smith and an unsportsmanlike conduct flag on Vance McDonald.
The 121 penalty yards in a game were the most against the 49ers since Jim Harbaugh became head coach.
Said Harbaugh of all the flags: "We definitely made things harder on ourselves, yes."
And, the one-game flagfest wasn't an isolated incident. In the season-opening victory over the Packers, San Francisco was penalized 11 times for 85 yards.
After two games, the 49ers are tied with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers for most penalties in the NFL at 23 and rank second in penalty yardage (206).
Though the 49ers have had great success since Harbaugh became head coach for the 2011 season, reaching the NFC Championship Game in Season 1 and the Super Bowl in Season 2, the Niners actually have been one of the most penalized teams in the NFL. In 2012, they ranked No. 7 with 109 penalties (6.8 per game); in 2011 they were sixth with 113 (7.1 per game).
So far this season, the 49ers have been called for six false starts. They already have three penalties for unnecessary roughness.
Some of the team's veteran leaders are saying the players need to be held accountable.
"Some can be prevented and we need to take ownership of them," linebacker Patrick Willis told Cam Inman of the Bay Area News Group.
Added tight end Vernon Davis: "We're better than that. It was just a game where we just acted instead of thinking."
In reviewing Sunday night's 29-3 loss to the Seahawks, Bill Williamson of ESPN.com cited a number of factors for the defeat, but noted penalties were crucial. In a game that was so tight for so long – the Seahawks broke it open with 17 fourth-quarter points – the number of San Francisco penalties hurt.
"In two games, the 49ers have 23 penalties," wrote Williamson. "That's ridiculous. Good teams cannot kill themselves with silly penalties. It's up to coach Jim Harbaugh and his staff to fix this issue sooner rather than later."
At 1-1, the 49ers will get a chance to address that problem – and the other lingering issues from the Week 2 defeat – this Sunday at Candlestick Park against the Indianapolis Colts.


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Evidence Early Reptiles Were First Vertebrates to Live on Dry River Plains
9-Aug-2010 2:00 PM EDT
Available for logged-in reporters only
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2010)
KEYWORDSEvolution, Paleoecology, Paleoclimatology, Amphbian, Invertebrates
Newswise — Some 315 million years ago, a reptile about the size of house cat took a walk along a dried up river bed, leaving its small, splayed footprints behind.
A few small steps for an ancient tetrapod, one huge step for science. Turns out that was some walk -- providing evidence that early reptiles were the first vertebrates able to live on dry river plains far from the sea. Meanwhile, their amphibian cousins were still hanging out "poolside," needing the wetter environment to breed, lay their eggs and reproduce.
It has long been suspected by scientists that reptiles were the first to make the continental interiors their home. The new discovery of trackways proves this theory.
"This is a major evolutionary development -- allowing our ancestors to live on land without having to beetle back to the water to reproduce," explains Martin Gibling, professor of Earth sciences at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and a co-author of a paper just published in journal Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
By "our ancestors" Dr. Gibling clarifies: "Meaning vertebrates, from fish through amphibians to reptiles to birds, then through to us, mammals ... It's a major step that allows larger animals to populate the land."
The reptile trackways preserved in rock were literally stumbled upon by the paper's lead author, Howard Falcon-Lang of Royal Holloway, University of London, who grazed his knee as he scrambled over the fossilized slab. The rock -- "about the size of a filing cabinet," says Dr. Gibling -- had fallen out of a sea-cliff along the Bay of Fundy, near the town of St. Martins on New Brunswick's southern coast.
The tracks are abundant and indicate a few different kinds of reptiles were there, including one with slender digits and a narrow splay and another with a much stubbier foot. Also recorded in the rock are the mud cracks of a dry riverbed, the pitter-patter of raindrops and various plants.
It was Arden Bashforth's job to examine that plant. He determined there were big, seed-bearing trees nearby that would have lived in a dry landscape.
The paper's publication caps off his time at Dalhousie nicely; he just defended his PhD thesis on paleoecology (the study of fossil organisms and their relationship to ancient environments) and is returning to Denmark where he just landed a job at a geological museum in Copenhagen.


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Heey guys!
I'm a 17 year old English blogger. I'm currently studying Travel and Tourism at college and I have a little obsession with cats and Mamma Mia.
^^^This is me if you haven't guessed^^^
^^^This is me if you haven't guessed^^^
I like to write about predominantly lifestyle related things, as well as travel, beauty, fashion and food. My aim is to one day, when I have enough money, to write more travel posts, as this is something I am really passionate about, you know, being a travel student and all.
That's about it really so thank you for taking the time to view my blog as it means a lot to me:)
Also, I have many social media accounts, so if you want to check them out click here!


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Biologists welcome any encounter with the animals they study, but consider themselves particularly lucky when the same individual is encountered multiple times. The odds of a re-encounter can be improved by marking animals that reliably return to the same breeding, stop-over or wintering sites year after year.
|Breeding cliffs in Arctic spring (J. Kennedy)
A great deal has been learned about peregrines because of their tendency to behave this way. But it takes many years, a lot of birds, huge resighting effort and persistent people to build individual encounter histories representative of the peregrines in our study.
|Hilde Marie Johansen with marked adult female (A. Anctil)
For example, at Rankin Inlet this spring we captured a female (banded A|X) that is at minimum 15 or 16 years old. First encountered in adult plumage (likely 3 or 4 at that time) in 1999, A|X has been encountered on five other occasions during her tenure at Rankin Inlet.
We know quite a bit about A|X. Over the years she's been paired with several different males at three different sites. Despite her longevity and ability to hold a territory, she's a reproductive dead-end! We have not banded a single nestling at the sites she has occupied – she failed even to lay a single egg this year and last.
|A|X, ~15 years old, but zero young (V. l'herault)
Like A|X, few of our breeding birds are encountered elsewhere. We have no idea where they winter or which migratory routes they use. More than ¾ of the annual cycle of the vast majority of the birds we study is veiled from us…this is not so with "Joe's Hag".
In 2 short years, the Hag has shown us that migratory routes between years are not necessarily fixed (first through Texas in 2009 and then through Florida in 2010), and it's clear birds that breed at high latitudes (69°N) do not necessarily winter at low latitudes (6°).
This year she identified for us what may be the outer limits for a peregrines breeding at the northern limits of mainland Canada. It seems the narrow margins experienced by breeders far north of the Arctic Circle have at least some slack.
Her inward migration started normally. She departed from her wintering territory in Colombia in synchrony with other peregrines wearing GPS PTTs. Her rate of travel matched those documented previously in our study and others. She typically stopped for 2 or 3 days after a few days of back to back passage, including a 2-day stopover on South Padre Island where she had been trapped 19 months earlier. Everything, it seemed, was going according to plan.
Then, in early June, soon after she crossed into southern Manitoba, the Hag's rate of travel slowed dramatically, then stopped. And to make matters worse, her transmitter entered "Hibernation Mode", then stopped functioning altogether.
As usual, most birds arrived on territory in late May, but the last signal we received from the Hag was on June 10th at a location almost 1000 miles south of her breeding location. She was at least 2 weeks late, her 2010 eyrie was occupied by Rough Legged Hawks, and the male with which she had been paired was also absent. We were in the dark – everything about her was veiled from us once again, perhaps for good!
|Spring survey in late May as peregrines arrive to breed (V. l'herault)
The possibility of a re-encounter seemed slight, but we needed to make sure and wanted (even more) one last shot at trapping her. Mark Prostor had put the PTT on her and he was determined to get it off if at all possible. He and Barry Robinson set out on August 5th, when most pairs are feeding young between 10 and 14 days old.
Here's how Mark tells the story...
Getting to the Hag's site is no easy task. From our field cabin, it first requires a 18 mile ride in freighter canoe followed by 10 very rough "tundra" miles on Honda ATVs just to reach the band of cliff on which she may be perched.
|The Coxe Islands from the Freighter canoe (M. Fredlund
We drove the cliff base surveying for any signs of raptors. Two sites that turned out to be Rough-leg sites initially raised our hopes, but 4hrs into the search our initial expectation that she'd not made it back seemed most likely. As we approached the end of the long band of cliff, I decided to deploy our trap in an attempt to bring any not yet seen falcons to us instead…it was a long shot, and resulted in nothing.
|Rough-legged Hawk (G. Court)
With cliff and options running out fast, it seemed like a good time to do nothing at all but wait, watch and eat lunch. The trap got no attention other than that from Barry and me. Then, over the sound of the wind, I heard what could have been the kak-kak-kak of a peregrine.
"Barry, did you hear that?"
We both turned and saw a male peregrine land atop a large boulder, and perched below him was a female. We had a pair of birds, and the female was wearing a PTT. Joe's Hag had made it back, and she was defensive! Barry searched to the east. I had not searched far west when I found the nest ledge with three "very" young chicks…the eyes of one had not yet opened. The Hag's brood was 10 to 14 day younger than most of the other broods we knew of.
The day was warm, but the age of the chicks left little time to trap the Hag. She returned to the ledge 15 minutes after Barry and I had hidden ourselves, and it took only 5 minutes more to trap her. She was in beautiful condition with no abrasions whatsoever from wearing the harness for over a year. But, on the patagium of her left wing was a well-healed, but still apparent injury. Could this have slowed her down in the spring?
On the way out we drove past the cliff. She was back at the ledge with her young. The PTT felt damn good in my pocket.


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Comedian Park Myung-Soo's
Pork Hock Restaurant
족발의 명수
This is the restaurant that Myung-Soo Park,
a famous comedian in Korea, is running in Hongdae.
Myung Soo Park is best known for
being a cast member of the hit comic variety show,
'Infinite Challenge(무한도전)'.
He has won a prize at the MBC Entertainment Award Ceremony last year, 2012.
He is really funny looking..!! :) haha
It is a clean and nice looking restaurant, and all the staffs are friendly. :)
This is free dumpling soup. It's unlimited. Yay!!! :D
You can ask them to refill it if you want it more.
Yummy pork dumplings, slices of rice cake,
and some vegetables are in the soup.
This restaurant's main menu is
Bossam(boiled pork), pork hocks(pig's feet, pork knuckles).
And of course, you can enjoy soju and beers with food. :)
This is Bossam which is boiled pork
eaten with a salty sauce and wrapped in greens.
It's so yum when you eat this boiled pork with the radish Kimchi.
The pork is so glossy and soft!!!
* Business Hour: 11AM ~ 1AM, Everyday
11 AM ~ 3AM (On Sat and Sun)
* ADD: 408-6, Seogyo-dong, Seoul, Korea
서울시 마포구 서교동 408-6
서울시 마포구 서교동 408-6
* How to get there?
It's quite far from the subway station...
You need to walk to the intersection near 'Sang Sang Madang'.
Then, find the '조폭떡볶이' which is the TopoKki place and 'Seven Eleven'.


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This special Digital Village Great Escapes is brought to you by Hewlett-Packard. HP's Digital Photography sponsorship takes us to New Guinea; a land lost in time and one of the most exotic and remote islands of the world. The Digital Village sponsorship allows us to see the island through the eyes of the people who live there; all made possible by HP digital cameras and printers. For more information about HP Digital Photography, please visit here.
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Qantas Airways
Qantas Airways, the Spirit of Australia, is widely regarded as the world's leading long distance airline and one of the strongest brands in Australia. Founded in the Queensland outback in 1920, Qantas has built a reputation for excellence in safety, operational reliability, engineering and maintenance, and customer service. For more, visit their site at www.qantasUSA.com
Trans Niugini Tours
Trans Niugini Toursis the leading inbound tour operator for tropical island vacations in Papua New Guinea. We own and operate a series of world famous wilderness lodges in PNG, including the Karawari Lodge in the Sepik region, a time-warped mixture of the primitive and modern; and the Ambua Lodge, an inspired mixture of local architecture, spectacular views and modest off the beaten track luxury. For more information visit them online at PNGtours.com.
Queensland Tourism
Queensland Tourismwelcomes you to Queensland, home of the Great Barrier Reef and beyond! Queensland enjoys an average 300 sunny days every year, making it the perfect vacation destination all year round. In Queensland you'll never run out of places to see and things to. Find us online at australia.com/queensland.
Lexaris a leading marketer and manufacturer of award-winning flash memory cards, card readers and USB flash drives designed for both consumer and professional use. Lexar's media cards and accessories are known world-wide for being durable, reliable and widely compatible, and are a preferred digital storage solution for many professional and consumer photographers. More information about Lexar and its flash memory solutions can be found at www.lexar.com.
Teva, the original sport sandal, is the future of outdoor footwear. In 1984 Mark Thatcher built the first sports sandal out of inspiration and a little ingenuity. His creation combined the spirit of a sandal with the soul of a shoe. Today the demands of the outdoor athlete are as rigorous as the elements themselves. From canyoneering and kayaking to trail running and trekking, Teva® has moved on-shore and up-range. Learn more by visiting their website at www.teva.com.


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Black House Japan, Architect, Pictures, Building, Kobe Home, Japan Property Photos
Black House, Japan
Kobe-city Architecture: Contemporary Japanese Residence – design by Tadashi Suga
5 Feb 2009
Black House Kobe-city
Design: Tadashi Suga
Black House in Kobe-city
The house rests on a hill that commands a panoramic view of the Seto Inland Sea. Prior to the renovation a forest windbreak had obstructed the view of the sea from the house. We capitalized on the renovation oceanic view into the design. The house adopts a hybrid structure; reinforced concrete for the first floor and wood for the second floor.
The first floor is a closed space that accommodates the bedrooms, etc., and serves as the house's "armor" against strong from the sea. In contrast, the second floor comprises an expansive living space that opens to the sea. The roof truss that supports the gigantic roof extends dynamically toward the sea. To louvers, which are intentionally placed in low positions, moderately screen the sunlight thereby enhancing the colors and expressions of the sea.
Black House Kobe-city – Building Information
Title: Black House
Architect/Designer: Tadashi Suga
Location: Kobe-city, Hyogo
Site area : 1031.37sqm
Total floor area : 410.55sqm
Structure: Hybrid construction/Wood and RC
Complete: 2002
Photos: Yoshiharu Matsumura
Kobe-city house images / information from Tadashi Suga 060209
Location:Kobe, Japan '
Japanese Architecture
Japanese Architecture Designs – chronological list
Japanese Architecture – key projects
Japanese Houses by Tadashi Suga:
House In Nagata, Kobe-city, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
photo : Yoshiharu Matsumura
Strata House, Kobe-city, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
photo : Yoshiharu Matsumura
Contemporary Houses : Designs + Images from around the world
Japanese Housing by Tadashi Suga:
Kobe apartments
picture : Yoshiharu Matsumura
Comments / photos for the Japanese Residential Architecture pages welcome
Black House Building
Website: Japan
Website: Visit Japan


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I'd like to start this post by letting everyone know of a GREAT Zazzle coupon available until December 5, 2012. Use coupon code 65CANVASCALS at checkout to get 65% off my 2013 photo calendar or any of my canvas prints. Is it a deal or what?
Zazzle is a great place to find unique holiday gifts for the people you care about. Visit my online store to purchase products featuring nature photography. There are thousands of products designed by other artists you may want to take a look at while you're there.
Today I'm participating in Jakesprinter's Sunday Post photo challenge. This week's theme is Peaceful. As always, you can click on each image below for a larger view.
I find many aspects of nature very peaceful: the landscapes, the components (water always has a calming effect on me), the smells, the colors and the living creatures (except the predator type!).
For this particular post, I have chosen to feature animals that tend to display a peaceful behavior. Mourning doves are my first pick. I see many of them every day and I hear them cooing to each other, especially during the mating season. There's something very peaceful about the sounds of doves cooing, don't you think?
I took my next photo at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. These beautiful gerenuk antelopes were laying down in the tall grass. Their long necks and heads make them look like telescopes, don't they? I love how they're enjoying a peaceful sunbathing moment at the park.
I took the last photo featured below during the same trip, just down the path from the gerenuk antelopes. That's where I spotted a couple of West African cranes. They too had decided to give a rest to their long legs and lay down on the ground for a little nap. West African cranes have the best hairdo, don't they?
I hope these photos brought you a little peace today. What do you find most peaceful in your life?


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NEW Nebosh General Certificate NG1 and NG2 Course (New Syllabus) (January 2020)
The National General Certificate is the most widely held …Read more
There are 3 types of benefit arising from Health and Safety (H&S) Training:
CH Training Ltd is well established in the development and delivery of health and safety training. CH Training Ltd has an ever increasing loyal customer base from a variety of industry sectors. Our focus is on the individual needs of delegates and its practical approach to training, this has proved to be so successful that many organisations go on to further and higher education and even engage the skills of our trainers for specialist consultancy projects.
Health and safety standards are required to achieve Moral, Economic and Legal compliance. By following CH Training Ltd guidance and effectively train the employees, you will help your organisation find the best ways to lead and promote health and safety.
Preventing accidents and ill health caused by work is a key priority for everyone at work. As the owner or manager of a business, you know that competent employees are valuable.
A Health and Safety training programme will help your organisation:
The National General Certificate is the most widely held …Read more
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Great Britain. India Office
Imperial gazetteer of India .. (Volume 23) online
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vessels were engaged in the China trade, and were from 500 to 1,000
tons burden. Many of the ships were built on European lines. They
were mostly manned by English crews and flew the English flag. The
sea-borne trade from the ports has greatly fallen off of late years.
The industries of Surat city suffered from the damage done to the
houses and workshops in the great fire of 1889, when property valued
at 25 lakhs was destroyed. At the present time the weaving of cotton
and silk goods is the chief industry of the District. There are three
steam factories in Surat city, containing 34,290 spindles and 180 looms,
which spin and weave annually nearly 3 million pounds of cotton yarn
and about half a million pounds of cotton cloth. They employ 1,288
persons. Except among the aboriginal tribes, hand-weaving is every-
where common. Silk brocades and embroideries are still manufactured
in Surat city. They have a widespread reputation, and exhibit skill
of a high order. Nowhere in the Presidency are finer fabrics woven
on hand-looms. There is one salt-work in the District, which yields
annually 300,000 maunds, valued at 6^ lakhs.
Trade centres chiefly in the towns of Surat and Bulsar, as well as in
the seaport of Bilimora (Baroda territory). The total value of the
exports from the seven seaports which afforded an outlet for the
produce of the District in 1874 amounted to nearly 44^ lakhs, and that
of the imports to 7 lakhs. These figures include the value of com-
modities shipped and received at Baroda ports. The two principal
seaports are Surat city and Bulsar. The value of the exports from
these taken together was 13 lakhs in 1903-4; and of the imports
about 18 lakhs. The exports include grain, cotton, pulse, mahud fruit,
timber, and bamboos ; the imports include tobacco, cotton-seed, iron,
coco-nuts, and European goods.
There are 462 miles of road, of which 100 miles are metalled, con-
necting the principal towns with the railway. Of the metalled roads,
2i miles of provincial and 70^ of local roads are maintained by
the Public Works department. Avenues of trees are maintained along
190 miles. The only important bridges for cart traffic are those over
the Tapti at Surat, and over the Tena creek near Olpad. The Bombay,
Baroda, and Central India Railway runs through the District parallel to
the coast for about 60 miles, crossing the Tapti at Surat city on a fine
iron-girder bridge. The Tapti Valley Railway, 155 miles in length,
which joins Surat to the Great Indian Peninsula system at Amalner
in Khandesh District, was opened in 1900. It traverses the District
for 1 1 miles.
History records severe famine in the years 1623, 1717, 1747, and
i62 SURAT DISTRICT
1803. From the commencement of British rule, however, until 1899
no famine was sufficiently intense to cause suffering to the people.
. Owing to the failure of the late rains in 1899 distress
rapidly developed ; and, in December of that year,
there were 4,700 persons on relief works. By March, 1900, the
number had increased to 15,000. In July, 1900, there were 35,000 on
the works, including 29,000 in receipt of gratuitous relief. Surat,
liowever, escaped the severity of the famine in the adjoining Districts.
The total increase in the number of deaths from all causes during the
famine was 30,000, and the population decreased 2 per cent, between
1891 and 1901. The total expenditure in connexion with famine relief
in this and the adjacent District of Broach exceeded 48^ lakhs, and
4 lakhs of land revenue was remitted in Surat District. It is calculated
that over 50,000 cattle perished in the drought. Floods on the Tapti
river have frequently caused great damage to Surat City, in the article
on which some particulars of the most disastrous floods are given.
The District is divided into three subdivisions, in charge of an
Assistant Collector and two Deputy-Collectors. It contains 8 tdlukas :
namely, Bardoli, Bulsar, Chikhli, Chorasi, Jalalpur, Mandvi,
.... . Olp.^d, and Pardi. Bardoli includes the petty sub-
Administration. ,. . . , ,, , ,,^_, , ",, ^ ,, ■ ,, ,- • 1
division \pefha) of Valod. 1 he Collector is Political
Agent for Sachin State, which is administered by the Assistant Col-
lector, subject to his control. The States of Bansda and Dharampur
and the Dangs estate are also under his political control, the Assistant
Political Agent for the latter estate being the divisional Forest officer.
The District and Sessions Judge, with whom is associated a Judge of
a Small Cause Court, is assisted by one Assistant Judge and four Sub-
ordinate Judges, sitting one at Olpad, two at Surat, and one at Bulsar.
There are twelve officers to administer criminal justice. The city of
Surat forms a separate magisterial charge under a City Magistrate. The
District is remarkably free from crime, offences against the excise law
being the most numerous.
At the time of annexation, the gardsids, or large landowners of Surat,
claimed, as the representatives of the original Hindu proprietors, a share
of the land revenue, and levied their dues at the head of an armed force.
In 1813 Government undertook to collect the amount of these claims by
its own officers. In addition to the gardsids, there were numerous desais
or middlemen to whom the land revenue was farmed under the old
regime. To decrease the power and influence of these desais, the British
Government (181 4) appointed accountants to each village, who collected
the revenue direct from the cultivators, thus rendering the practice of
farming unnecessary. No change was made in the old rates until 1833,
when, in consequence of the fall in prices, they were revised and con-
siderably reduced. In 1836 committees were appointed to divide the
soil into classes and fix equitable rates; and between 1863 and 1882
the survey settlement was introduced, which raised the total revenue
demand from 18^ to 2\\ lakhs. A revision was made between 1897
and 1905. The new survey found an excess in the cultivated area of
4 per cent, over the amount shown in the accounts, and the settlement
enhanced the total revenue by 4 per cent., or nearly one lakh. The
average rates of assessment are: 'dry' land, Rs. 2-1 1 (maximum scale,
Rs. 7-8; minimum scale, R. i); rice land, Rs. 8-1 (maximum scale,
Rs. 7-8; minimum scale, Rs. 1-4); and garden land, Rs. 8-11 (maxi-
mum scale, Rs. 12 ; minimum scale, Rs. 5).
Collections on account of land revenue and revenue from all sources
have been, in thousands of rupees : —
1900-1. 1903-4.
Land revenue
Total revenue .
1'here are four municipaUties in the District : namely, Surat, Rander,
BuLSAR, and Mandvi. Outside of these, local affairs are managed by
the District board and eight tdluka boards. The receipts of the local
boards amounted in 1903-4 to about 3 lakhs, and the expenditure to
2\ lakhs, including one lakh spent on roads and buildings.
The District Superintendent of police is assisted by 2 inspectors.
There are altogether 1 1 police stations. The total number of police-
men is 881, under 11 chief constables, besides 14 mounted police
under 2 daffaddrs. There are 9 subsidiary jails and 9 lock-ups in
the District, with accommodation for 208 persons. The daily average
number of prisoners in 1904 was 69, of whom 5 were females.
Surat stands second among the twenty-four Districts of the Presi-
dency for the literacy of its inhabitants, of whom 13-3 per cent. (24-5
males and 2-4 females) could read and write in 1901. In 1 880-1 the
District contained 293 schools with 19,363 pupils. The latter had
increased to 28,658 in 1890-1, and to 31,902 in 1900-1. In 1903-4
the District possessed 480 schools, attended by 31,719 pupils, includ-
ing 6,363 girls. Of these institutions, 6 are high schools, 26 middle,
341 primary, and one a special industrial school. Of the 374 public
institutions, 2 are managed by Government, 312 by local or muni-
cipal boards, 36 are aided, and 24 unaided. The total expenditure
on education in 1903-4 amounted to nearly 2^ lakhs, of which 64 per
cent, was devoted to primary education.
In 1904 the District possessed one hospital and twelve dispen-
saries, including one for women at Surat. These institutions con-
tain accommodation for 120 in-patients. Including 1,541 in-patients,
the number of persons treated in 1904 was 86,000 and the number
of operations performed 2,721. The expenditure on medical relief was
Rs. 39,000, of which Rs. 17,000 was met from Local and municipal
The number of persons successfully vaccinated in 1903-4 was
16,091, representing the proportion of 25-3 per 1,000 of population,
which is slightly above the average for the Presidency.
[Sir J. M, Campbell, Bombay Gazetteer, vol. ii (Surat and Broach)
Surat City. — Head-quarters of Surat District, Bombay, and the
former seat of a Presidency under the East India Company, situated in
21° 12' N. and 72° 50' E., on the southern bank of the river Tapti ;
distant from the sea 14 miles by water, 10 miles by land. It was
once the chief commercial city of India, and is still an important
mercantile place, though the greater portion of its export and import
trade has long since been transferred to Bombay. Surat is a station
on the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway, 167 miles from
During the eighteenth century Surat probably ranked as the most
populous city of India. As late as 1797 its inhabitants were estimated
at 800,000 persons ; and though this calculation is
doubtless excessive, the real numbers must have
been very high. With the transfer of its trade to Bombay the num-
bers rapidly fell off. In 181 1 an official report returned the popula-
tion at 250,000 persons, and in 1816 at 124,406. In 1847, when the
fortunes of Surat reached their lowest ebb, the number of inhabi-
tants amounted to only 80,000. Thenceforward the city began to
retrieve its position. By 1851 the total had risen to 89,505; in
1872 it stood at 107,855; in 1881 at 109,844; in 1891 at 109,229;
and in 1901 at 119,306. It is now the third largest city in the
Presidency. The population in 1901 included 85,577 Hindus, 22,821
Muhammadans, 5,754 Parsis, and 4,671 Jains. The Parsis and high-
caste Hindus form the wealthy classes; the Musalmans are in
depressed circumstances, except the Bohras, many of whom are
prosperous traders, and whose head, called ' the MuUa of the Bohras,'
resides here. Fondness for pleasure and ostentation characterize all
classes and creeds in Surat alike. Caste feasts and processions are
more common and more costly than elsewhere. Fairs, held a few
miles away in the country, attract large crowds of gaily dressed men
and children in bright bullock-carts. The Parsis join largely in these
entertainments, besides holding their own old-fashioned feasts in their
public hall. The Bohras are famous for their hospitality and good
living. The extravagant habits engendered by former commercial
prosperity have survived the wealth on which they were founded.
Surat lies on a bend of the Tapti, where the river suddenly sweeps
westward towards its mouth. In the centre of its river-front rises the
castle, a mass of irregular fortifications, flanked at each corner by large
round towers, and presenting a picturesque appear-
ance when viewed from the water. Planned and
built in 1540 by Khudawand Khan, a Turkish soldier in the service
of the Gujarat kings, it remained a military fortress under both Mughal
and British rule till 1862, when the troops were withdrawn and the
buildings utilized as public otifices. ^\'ith the castle as its centre,
the city stretches in the arc of a circle for about a mile and a quarter
along the river bank. Southward, the public park with its tall trees
hides the houses in its rear ; while on the opjjositc bank, about a mile
up the river on the right shore, lies the ancient town of Rander,
now almost a suburb of Surat. Two lines of fortification, the inner and
the outer, once enclosed Surat ; and though the interior wall has nearly
disappeared, the moat which marks its former course still preserves
distinct the city and the suburbs. Within the city proper the space
is on the whole thickly peopled ; and the narrow but clean and well-
watered streets wind between rows of handsome houses, the residences
of high-caste Hindus and wealthy Parsis. The suburbs, on the other
hand, lie scattered among wide open spaces, once villa gardens, but
now cultivated as fields. The unmetalled lanes, hollowed many feet
deep, form watercourses in the rainy season, and stand thick in dust
during the rest of the year. The dwellings consist of huts of low-
caste Hindus or weavers' cottages. West of the city, the site of the
old military cantonment is now occupied by the police, whose parade
ground stretches along the river bank. Suburban villas, the property
of wealthy residents of the city, are springing up along the Dumas
and Varachha roads.
The annals of Surat city, under native rule, have been briefly given
in the article on Surat District. During the seventeenth and eigh-
teenth centuries Surat ranked as the chief export
rTi- «r, ■ r History,
and niiport centre of India. After the assumption 01
the entire government by the British in 1800, prosperity, which had
deserted the city towards the close of the eighteenth century, for
a time reappeared. But the steady transfer of trade to Bombay, com-
bined with the famine of 181 3 in Northern Gujarat, continued to
undermine its commercial importance; and by 1825 the trade had
sunk to the export of a little raw cotton to the rising capital of the
Presidency. In 1837 two calamities occurred in close succession,
which destroyed the greater part of the city and reduced almost all
its inhabitants to a state of poverty. For three days in the month
of April a fire raged through the very heart of Surat, laying 9,373
houses in ruins, and extending over nearly 10 miles of thoroughfare,
in both the city and the suburbs. No estimate can be given of the
i66 SURAT CITY
total loss to property, but the houses alone represented an approximate
value of 45 lakhs. Towards the close of the rainy season in the same
year, the Tapti rose to the greatest height ever known, flooded almost
the whole city, and covered the surrounding country for miles like a
sea, entailing a further loss of about 27 lakhs. This second calamity
left the people almost helpless. Already, after the fire, many of the
most intelligent merchants, both Hindu and ParsI, no longer bound to
home by the ties of an establishment, had deserted Sural for Bombay.
In 1838 it remained 'but the shadow of what it had been, two-thirds to
three-fourths of the city having been annihilated.' P'rom 1840 onward,
however, affairs began to change for the better. Trade improved and
increased steadily, till in 1858 its position as the centre of railway
operations in Gujarat brought a new influx of wealth and importance.
The high prices which ruled during the American Civil War again
made Surat a wealthy city. The financial disasters of 1865-6 in
Bombay somewhat affected all Western India, but Surat nevertheless
preserved the greater part of its wealth. In 1869 the municipality
undertook a series of works to protect the city against floods. In 1883
Surat was again inundated, and damage caused to the extent of
20 lakhs. The loss of human life, however, was small. The city
suffered from another extensive fire in 1889. At the present day,
though the fall of prices has reduced the value of property, the well-
kept streets, the public buildings, and large private expenditure, stamp
the city, which has benefited by the construction of the Tapti Valley
Railway, with an unmistakable air of steady order and prosperity.
The English church, built in 1820 and consecrated by Bishop Heber on
April 17, 1825, stands upon the river bank, between the castle and the
custom-house, and has seats for about 100 persons.
Buildings and '^y^^ Portuguese or Roman Catholic chapel occupies
a site near the old Dutch factory. The Armenians
once had a large church, now in ruins. The Musalmans have several
mosques, of which four are handsome buildings. The Nav Saiyid
Sahib's mosque stands on the bank of the Gopi lake, an old dry
tank, once reckoned among the finest works in Gujarat. Beside the
mosque rise nine tombs in honour of nine warriors, whose graves were
miraculously discovered by a local Muhammadan saint. The Saiyid
Edroos mosque, with a minaret, which forms one of the most conspicu-
ous buildings in Surat, was built in 1639 by a rich merchant, in honour
of an ancestor of Shaikh Saiyid Husain Edroos, C.S.I., who died in
1882. The Mirza Sami mosque and tomb, ornamented with carving
and tracery, was built about 1540 by Khudawand Khan. The Parsis
have two chief fire-temples for their two subdivisions. The principal
Hindu shrines perished in the fire of 1837, but have since been rebuilt
by pious inhabitants. Gosavi Maharaja's temple, built in 1695, was
renewed after the fire at a cost of Rs. 1,50,000. Two shrines of
Hanuman, the monkey-god, are much respected by the people. Speci-
mens of excellent wood-carving are to be found on many of the older
The tombs of early European residents, including those of the Dutch,
and the more modern ones of the Mullas of the Bohras, form some of
the most interesting objects in Surat. Among the first named are
those of many of the English ' Chiefs of Surat.' On the right of the
entrance to the English cemetery is the handsome mausoleum of
Sir George Oxenden and his brother Christopher. It is a large two-
storeyed square building with columns at each angle ; in the two
eastern ones are staircases to the upper storey, over which is a skeleton
dome of masonry in the form of a Maltese cross rendered convex.
Christopher died on April 18, 1659; and Sir George, who in a
long Latin epitaph is styled ' Anglorum in India, Persia, Arabia,
Praeses, Insulae Bombayensis Gubemator,' died on July 14, 1669,
aged 50. The earliest tomb is that of Francis Breton, President of
Surat, who died on July 21, 1649. Among the many tombs with
curious inscriptions is one to ' Mary, the wife of Will. Andrew Price,
chief of the Affairs of Surat, &c.,' who, it is said, ' through the spotted
veil of the small-pox, rendered a pure and unspotted soul to God,'
April 13, 1 76 1, aetat. 23. The tombs have been carefully looked after
of late years. In the Dutch cemetery, which adjoins the English, there
are also some curious and handsome tombs. One in particular to
Baron Van Reede, Commissary-General of the United Netherlands
East India Company for India, who died on December 15, 1691, once
cost the Company Rs. 9,000 for repairs. Other buildings of historic
interest in Surat are the English and Portuguese factories, and the
house occupied by the Sadr Adalat before its transfer to Bombay.
The sea-borne trade of Surat has declined from a total estimated
value of 156 lakhs in i8oi to 30 lakhs in 1903-4 ; namely, imports
17I lakhs and exports 12^. The export trade is
markedly decreasing. The principal articles of export
are agricultural produce and cotton. The land-borne trade, however,
since the opening of railway communication with Bombay and the
interior, has increased considerably. The port of Surat used to be at
SuvALi, 1 2 miles west the city ; but the sea-borne trade is now carried
in small country craft which pass up the river to Surat. The station
of the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway is outside the city,
surrounded by a rising suburb.
The organization of trade-guilds is highly developed in Surat. The
chief of these guilds, composed of the leading bankers and merchants,
is called the Mahdjan or banker-guild. Its funds, derived from fees on
cotton and on bills of exchange, are spent partly on animal hospitals
i6S SURAT CITY
and partly on the temples of the Vallabhacharya sect. The title and
office of Nagarseth, or chief merchant of the city, hereditary in a
Srawak or Jain family, has for long been little more than a name.
Though including men of different castes and races, each class of
craftsmen has its trade-guild or panchayat^ with a headman or referee
in petty trade disputes. They have also a coTnmon purse, spending
their funds partly in charity and partly in entertainments. A favourite
device for raising money is for the men of the craft or trade to agree
to shut all their shops but one on a certain day. The right to keep
open this one shop is then put up to auction, and the amount bid
is credited to the guild fund. There is a considerable hand industry
in the spinning and weaving of cotton cloth, some of the very finest
textures in Gujarat being made here. Three mills have also been
opened in the city, one of these having commenced work as early as
1866. The nominal capital of the mills in 1904 was nearly 20 lakhs,
and there were 180 looms and 34,290 spindles at work, employing
1,288 persons daily.
The municipality was established in 1852. The receipts during the
ten years ending 1901 averaged 5 lakhs. In 1903-4 the income was
.... . Rs. 4,815,000, chiefly derived from octroi i.\\ lakhs),
Administration. ^ ^ ,^ , , , / , 1 , 1 > x 1 ,
tax on houses and land (nearly \ lakh), and other
taxes (i^ lakhs). The expenditure was 4^ lakhs, including general
administration and collection of taxes (Rs. 31,000), public safety
(Rs. 23,000), water and public health and conservancy (2 lakhs), and
public institutions (Rs, 25,000). The municipality has opened a
number of excellent roads, well lighted, paved, and watered. It has
constructed works for the protection of the city from floods, and for
lessening the risk of fire. Systems of drainage, conservancy, and public
markets have also been undertaken.
Two hospitals provide for the indigent poor ; and there is one such
institution for sick or worn-out animals. The clock-tower on the Delhi
road, 80 feet in height, was erected in 1871 at the expense of Khan
Bahadur BarjorjT MerwanjI Frazer. The Andrews Library is well
patronized. In 1903-4 there were 4 high schools with 1,315 boys,
and a mission high school with 56 girls. Of these schools, one is
a Government high school with accommodation for 500, established in
1842. There were also 4 middle schools and an industrial school,
with 412 and 88 pupils, respectively; 25 vernacular schools for
boys with 4,693 pupils, and 16 for girls with 1,659 pupils. There are
5 printing presses and 5 weekly newspapers. Besides the Collector's
and Judge's courts, the town contains a Small Cause court, two Subor-
dinate Judges' courts, a civil hospital, a hospital for women and
children, and a dispensary. The hospital is a handsome building
of two storeys with a clock-tower. In the municipal gardens stands
SURG ANA i6()
the Winchester Museum, which contains specimens of Surat silks and
embroidery, and a few samples of forest produce.
Suratgarh. — Head-quarters of a tahstl and nizCunat of the same
name in the State of Bikaner, Rajputana, situated in 29° 20' N. and
73° 54' E., on the left bank of the Ghaggar river, and on the Jodhpur-
Blkaner Railway, 113 miles north-by-north-east of Bikaner city, and
88 miles south-west of Bhatinda. Population (1901), 2,398. The
town is named after Maharaja Surat Singh (i 788-1 828), who is said to
have founded it about 1800. It possesses a fort, a post ofifice, a verna-
cular school attended by 62 boys, and a hospital with accommodation
for 7 in-patients. Two miles to the north-east are the ruins of Rang
Mahal, said to have been the capital of a Johiya Rajput chief; a step-
well made of bricks 2\ feet square has been found here. The fahsil
contains 126 villages, and was formerly called Sodhawati, as it was
part of the territory occupied by the Sodha Rajputs. They were, how-
ever, expelled by the Bhati Rajputs, and the majority of the population
are now Jats and Raths.
Surgana. — A petty Koli State situated in the north-west corner of
Nasik District, Bombay, with an estimated area of 360 square miles.
Like the Dangs, Surgana State is full of spurs of hills and waving
uplands, once covered with dense forest, now partly cleared and
stripped of most of their valuable timber. The chief forest trees are
teak, black-wood, khair, and ttvas. Minor forest products include
fruit, gums, honey, lac, and roots. Except in April and May the
climate is unhealthy, and in the hot season water is scarce and bad.
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Imperial gazetteer of India .. (Volume 23)
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