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Wednesday, September 30, 2009
Embryo Swapping
Note that in this case, the mother chose to continue the pregnancy even though the wrong embryo had been implanted. The article goes on to list a similar case where the mother chose to terminate the pregnancy.
Baby Swapping as Patient Mis-Identification
In this particular case, the mother recognized that the infant given to her to nurse was not her own. What is of interest here is the frequency with which patient mis-identification occurs in hospitals -- with baby-swapping being only a particular example. Despite elaborate procedures to prevent these cases, they occur with depressing regularity.
Friday, June 12, 2009
Preferential Childcare Based on Appearance
New Scientist has an interesting article up this week on variations in the amount of time and resources fathers devote to their children. The study, done in
The authors speculate that in the absence of proof of paternity, fathers look for similarities to themselves when they apportion scarce resources. They link this preferential treatment to the uncertainties of fatherhood.
The authors speculate that in the absence of proof of paternity, fathers look for similarities to themselves when they apportion scarce resources. They link this preferential treatment to the uncertainties of fatherhood.
It would be interesting to follow up this study with one that simultaneously looked at the frequency of non-paternity events in a culture. One would predict that in cultures where the rate of NPEs was high (as determined by DNA testing) the imbalance in preferential treatment based on appearance would be greater.
Monday, May 18, 2009
Twin Half Brothers
In the news this week from
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
More Baby Swapping
Another instance of baby swapping surfaced in the press this week. Although the actually swapping occurred in 1953, the exchange of two baby girls in a hospital in Washington state only came to light recently. DNA testing confirmed that the girls had been exchanged while being bathed by nurses. Here's a link:
Monday, April 20, 2009
Adoption via Kidnapping
The article is at:
Friday, April 10, 2009
Cryopreservation World Record
"CHARLOTTE, N.C., April 9 /PRNewswire/ -- Fertility specialists of Reproductive Endocrinology Associates of Charlotte (REACH) herald the successful birth of a baby girl March 4 who was conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF) at their laboratory with sperm frozen for 21 years, which they believe ties the world record for the longest-frozen sperm used to create a baby with IVF."
The complete article is found at:
Thursday, April 9, 2009
Post-Mortem Sperm Recovery
In this case there would be no apparent non-paternal event, since the biological father would be known, but a family history research of the future might wonder at the birth of a child so long after their father's death.
Wednesday, April 8, 2009
A Downside to Artificial Insemination
A recent article in New Scientist illustrates a downside to assisted pregnancy – in this case the sperm used to artificially inseminate a woman passed on so-called fragile X syndrome to the resulting child. The story is at:
One lesson from this is that when the family historian is looking for physical traits that might signal the source of a non-paternity event, they can be misled by recessive or ordinarily unexpressed genes that show up in the child but are not seen in the biological parent.
Monday, April 6, 2009
Modern Baby Swapping
Thursday, April 2, 2009
Orphan Trains
As I mentioned earlier, whenever an adoption occurs, the potential for a non-paternity event is created. Memory of the adoption is lost over time and a new genetic component is added to a family's descendant population.
Three relatively recent cases of mass adoption under unusual circumstances come to mind when thinking about NPEs. These are the so-called Orphan Trains of the late 19th and early 20th century here in the United States, the forced adoption of the babies of leftist intellectuals murdered during the Argentine junta's 'dirty war' and the adoption of Jewish children by families hiding them from the Nazi extermination camps in the 1930's and '40s. I'd like to take some time to talk about each of these, since they each created a pool of potential NPEs. Let's start with the Orphan Trains.
The Orphan Trains had a humanitarian goal – to take urban children whose parents were either deceased or unable to care for them and transport them to rural areas where families were willing to take them in. These relocations went on from the early 1850's to the late 1920s. The technique originated in
The Orphan Trains had a humanitarian goal – to take urban children whose parents were either deceased or unable to care for them and transport them to rural areas where families were willing to take them in. These relocations went on from the early 1850's to the late 1920s. The technique originated in
Children from orphanages and foundling homes as well as some from the equivalent of juvenile detention facilities were put on trains with agents who guided them to a new location. Notice of the availability of children was usually made in the local newspaper. On arrival the children were put on display and claimed by families willing, for a variety of reasons, to take them in. The degree of formality in assigning children to families varied widely. Some agencies insisted that children be 'indentured' or apprenticed or formally adopted – this means that a paper trail exists that could be discovered if an NPE is observed through a DNA mismatch. In other cases, no formal adoption was required, although it may have taken place at a later time on the family's own initiative. Some agencies kept records of which children were sent to which towns and some of those records have been preserved; other agencies did not maintain good records.
The motivations of the families taking in the children varied. Some farmers were just looking for a spare farmhand or a maid. Others did so out of a genuine wish to help. The treatment of the children was as varied as the families that took them in. Some children became an integral part of their new family, others were mistreated and ran away, and still others remained with the family that took them in but never were integrated into the family's line and left upon reaching their majority.
The motivations of the families taking in the children varied. Some farmers were just looking for a spare farmhand or a maid. Others did so out of a genuine wish to help. The treatment of the children was as varied as the families that took them in. Some children became an integral part of their new family, others were mistreated and ran away, and still others remained with the family that took them in but never were integrated into the family's line and left upon reaching their majority.
The agencies that set up the Orphan Trains were sponsored by different groups – some religious and others civic. In general, the religiously based groups might take children of any religious background but put them into families from their own religious orientation. So in tracing back from a discovered NPE, the family historian cannot count on a match between the accepting family and the child's real (if any) religious background.
Friday, March 27, 2009
Preservation itself, one might think, would have no implication for NPEs. However, it offers the opportunity to shift fertilization or pregnancy in time and to create asynchronies in what is usually a synchronous process.
Let's consider sperm preservation first. Artificial insemination relies, generally, on the preservation of semen samples from donors that are then used to impregnate women. (There are exceptions – a case a few years ago involved a doctor in New Jersey who would 'generate' his own ejaculate on the spot and use it to fertilize his patients. He sired quite a few kids before the practice was discovered.) By preserving the semen, a woman may become pregnant with a man's child after his death. Obviously, this isn't limited to the artificial insemination case. Sperm is now preserved by in vitro clinics, by men who are about to undergo radiation treatments and by men who are about to go overseas to war in anticipation of injury or incapacity.
There are also new techniques for harvesting viable sperm from the recently deceased, or so the lead article in the insert informs me. The point here is that the recovery and preservation of semen offers the possibility of men siring children long after their own death, and perhaps with women they did not know. Newer technologies that preserve ova offer this same possibility in the case of women.
So how long do frozen sperm and ova remain viable? A Mayo clinic study found no difference in fertility between fresh or frozen sperm, but the freeze interval was not specified. There has been at least one case where sperm frozen for 19 years was used successfully to fertilize an ovum and resulted in a full-term pregnancy. Studies done with other species indicate that sperm frozen in liquid nitrogen (about -322° F) remain viable for remarkably long times – trends in viability decreases indicate that frozen sperm could still be viable after 10,000 years. Ova freezing is a newer technique and viability is not as high as for sperm, although that could improve as studies continue. At least so far, freezing embryos has been more successful than freezing ova.
We have the possibility with these new techniques for children to be born long after their biological parents have died. The imagination reels at the variety of NPEs made possible through intent or accident. What family historian is prepared to tease out actual inheritance when generations could pass between parents and the birth of their children?
Sunday, March 22, 2009
Dark Italian
I ran across an interesting account of a non-paternity event from the point of view of the child. David Paladino was the son of an Italian-American girl who was having simultaneous affairs with an Italian-American boy and an African-American boy. When she got pregnant, she married the Italian-American and Paladino grew up as a 'dark Italian'. As you might guess, the African-American was his actual biological father. Here's a link to an interview with him:
There was also a program on This American Life devoted to his story. You can find it at:
There was also a program on This American Life devoted to his story. You can find it at:
An Example of Baby Swapping
I subscribe to the podcast of This American Life. A recent podcast called "Switched at Birth" offers an interesting example of what we talked about earlier as 'Baby Swapping'. In this case, two baby girls were born in the same delivery room within minutes of each other and accidentally switched on their way to the nursery. One mother suspected the switch but didn't tell the daughters until they were 43 years old. The podcast is at:
Monday, March 16, 2009
Chimerical Complications
We talked about chimera earlier – individuals who are the result of the merger of two zygotes at a very early stage of development. Different parts of the body develop from the stem cells related to the two different zygotes so the individual ends up being their own sibling, with some organs and fluids from one zygote and others from the other.
It turns out that the chimera phenomenon is a little more complicated than this 'simple' picture. Let's start out by talking about some good news for pregnant women – researchers have been able to verify that there is 'leakage' from their fetus into the mother's blood stream. That is, cells from the fetus make their way across the placenta or through the wall of the uterus and are found in the mother's blood. Why good news? This means that you can take a blood sample from the mother, identify cells from the fetus, culture them and find out things about the fetus – its gender, whether it carries specific genetic disorders that can be treated in utero and so on. This means that for many genetic tests the day will come when we no longer have to do invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling.
Now let's add a couple of other bits of information. First, in some women fetal cells are not eliminated from the mother's bloodstream after birth but persist. Second, transfer of cells also occurs from mother to fetus. Suddenly we have the prospect of a lot of genetic material floating around that may or may not be incorporated into a developing fetus. Genetic material from prior pregnancies may persist and may become part of a new fetus, creating a chimera. Consider, for a moment, the implications for the children of surrogate mothers who have their own children or have carried surrogate pregnancies for multiple couples.
Now let's add a couple of other bits of information. First, in some women fetal cells are not eliminated from the mother's bloodstream after birth but persist. Second, transfer of cells also occurs from mother to fetus. Suddenly we have the prospect of a lot of genetic material floating around that may or may not be incorporated into a developing fetus. Genetic material from prior pregnancies may persist and may become part of a new fetus, creating a chimera. Consider, for a moment, the implications for the children of surrogate mothers who have their own children or have carried surrogate pregnancies for multiple couples.
Before we get too disturbed by all this, let's concede that standard chimera are relatively rare and the type of genetic transfer just discussed is probably rarer still. On the other hand, like babies with webbed feet and tails, it does occur and could result in apparent or actual NPEs.
Sunday, March 15, 2009
I have a particular case from my own family history in mind. One of my 6th great grandfathers, Michael Gabel was born near Erbach, Wurtemburg in what is now Germany in the early 1730s. He emigrated with his parents, arriving in Philadelphia in 1749. The family settled in Hanover Township of Montgomery County, PA, just north of Philadelphia. After the death of Michael's mother, his father remarried a widow who had children of her own. Michael married his step-sister, Anna Breisch in early 1753.
After some consideration, however, the Lutheran church elders decided that the marriage of step children was not permissible and annulled the marriage. Anna, however, was already pregnant with their son. Next, he married Margaret Elizabeth Ruth (sometime in the fall of 1753). But this marriage was set aside because it occurred before the birth of his son by Anna. Third, he married Anna Maria Baltzhauser (in June, 1754), but this marriage was annulled because the church fathers decided he was still really married to Margaret Elizabeth Ruth. He had quite an exciting year or so.
Michael Gabel ended up married to my 6th great grandmother Margaret Elizabeth Ruth and they had a lot of kids. What about Anna Breisch and her son by Michael? She ended up married in 1754 to a widower named Johann Jacob Danner, taking the boy, who had been baptized Hans Martin Gabel, with her. After her marriage, she, her husband and her son disappear. Did Hans Martin take on his step-father's surname? If so, we have another NPE on our hands, this time owing to the meddling of church elders.
Friday, March 13, 2009
After extensive tests of various body tissues and fluids, it became apparent that the woman was a chimera – that is, she had two separate genetic identities that were the equivalent of sisters. Some organs, including her ovaries related to one of the genetic identities, while others, like her blood and kidneys, were related to the other. So her sons inherited a different genetic makeup than the one that determined her kidney compatibility needs.
Chimera are created when two fertilized eggs merge at a very early stage of development and different parts of the body develop from the stem cells from the two genetic sources. While rarely detected, chimera may occur more often than we think. Scientists have identified over 30 cases so far, including one of a man who was the product of the merger of one male and one female zygote. When operating to free what they thought was an undescended testicle, doctors discovered a uterus and fallopian tubes.
Let's consider the implications of chimera for non-paternity events. If it is possible to have chimerical functioning sets of both male and female organs, it is also possible to end up with chimerical sets of male testes. The latter situation could arise when zygotes fertilized by two different men merge and one genetic makeup is expressed in one testicle and the other in the second. If this man then has children, his sons could be descended from either 'grandfather'.
Another scenario might produce an apparent NPE when none exists. Consider a woman whose mother has blue eyes (two blue-eyed genes) and whose father has brown eyes, but who has one blue and one brown-eyed gene. Some of their children will have blue eyes and some brown. However, a chimerical child could develop blue eyes but have ovaries that produce ova with a brown-eyed gene. If she then marries a blue-eyed man, their children could have brown eyes. Just how do you explain that event to a skeptical husband?
Thursday, March 12, 2009
The Persistence of Sperm
The particular incident I have in mind occurred among US military personnel and their families stationed in Germany. The Caucasian wife of a Caucasian army non-com gave birth to a child with obvious African-American heritage. Aha, we say, we know what went on here – an obvious case of marital infidelity, one of the classic sources of NPE. Well, yes and no. In this case, the mother had not had sex with anyone but her husband and there was no accident in an in vitro lab either.
Her husband, however, had been having an affair with the wife of an African-American soldier. She had had sex with her husband shortly before then having sex with her lover – who then went home and had sex with his wife. While we can marvel at the degree of lust and capacity of these individuals, the real standout here was sperm. The child in question was product of sperm from the second husband that had attached itself to the adulterer's penis and then escaped into the first wife's uterus.
The different ethnic origins of the people involved here made the outcome apparent, but the lesson is that pregnancies result from the joining of a sperm and an ovum – however that conjunction occurs. We can't assume an NPE results from a wife's infidelity – it could be the husband who brought home some persistent sperm. However it arrives, sperm may still be viable and result in a pregnancy. I recall a story that made the rounds when I was in college about a co-ed who claimed she had gotten pregnant after putting on a pair of her roommate's panties by mistake – well, perhaps I shouldn't have been so skeptical!
Wednesday, March 11, 2009
Name Changes
The first two cases could be the results of immigration. As a country of immigrants, the United States is fertile ground for this kind of name change. Contrary to common belief, officials at Ellis Island rarely changed names, but immigrants often did. This can result in DNA mismatches to different presumed family lines if an immigrant's sons changed their names differently. In my own family history, for example, I have a Johann Weiss who emigrated from Alsace sometime before 1850. He appears in some records as 'White' (the English translation of the name), others as 'Weiss' and still others as 'Wise' (adoption of a common English name that is similar). It is probably for the best that he didn't adopt 'Vise' or even worse 'Vice', following the actual German pronunciation. In any case, if his sons had each adopted a different method of changing the name, a researcher attempting to match DNA with their variant could be disappointed.
Another source of name change was when a husband adopted their wife's maiden name. This sometimes occurred when there was no male heir in the wife's family and her father wanted someone to carry on the family name. An estate or fortune to go along with the name might be a sufficient incentive. In Ireland, a similar name change could occur when a spinster held land or the lease to land and brought in a man to manage or farm it. These men, whether related or not, would sometimes assume the woman's surname.
Fraud also comes to mind, and shouldn't be ruled out if there is no DNA match for a line you are tracing and others sharing the surname. Our ancestors got into a variety of scrapes for which a hasty departure and a change in identity served as the easiest remedy. This sometimes led to the creation of two separate families with children with different surnames, but a common paternal heritage.
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
Baby Swapping
For the last century or so many children have been born in hospitals rather than at home. Babies are kept in nurseries with many others and delivered to their mothers periodically to be fed. Despite precautions, sometimes babies get mixed up and the switch is not recognized. In one notorious case, two baby girls were switched and the substitution was not recognized for more than a decade. The substitution came to light when one of the girls died and it became apparent that the cause of death was an inherited condition. The family that thought she was their daughter could not have transmitted the disorder. Eventually, the other girl was identified – the mother in the family that she had been living with had died of the same disorder as the other daughter. DNA testing confirmed that the girls had been switched. The widower, the surviving girl and the biological parents were then faced with the dilemma of which family should be raising the girl. The girl chose to stay with the man who had raised her, at least initially.
The point of this tragic story is just that babies do get mixed up accidentally. It is also the case that sometimes the switch is done deliberately. For example, if a baby was a stillbirth or born sickly and died soon after birth, an orphaned or illegitimate baby was sometimes substituted. This might be done to insure an heir to a family or to simultaneously comfort the bereaved mother and solve the problem of the orphaned or bastard child. In either case, the substitution can result in DNA mismatches down the road. Hospital births and mandatory birth registration have reduced this deliberate substitution, but not eliminated it.
Monday, March 9, 2009
Modern adoption is usually thought of as bringing a child unrelated to either parent into a family. There are notorious cases (such as the Orphan Trains or the forced adoptions of the babies of purged leftist parents in Argentina) where this was done on a mass scale. In many cases, adoptees were not told they were adopted and were given no information about their biological parents. If an adoption occurred several generations in the past, a mismatching DNA test could lead to questions about the nature of the NPE that could not be answered by any living relative.
Generally, however, this was less common in the past than a couple raising related children, particularly nieces, nephews or grandchildren, after the deaths of their parents. I have a case in my own family history where the death of a young girl's mother led to an offer of adoption by an infertile aunt. Higher death rates among younger adults left many more children orphaned in the past than in modern times. These adoptions were not always formal, even though the children sometimes assumed their adoptive parents' surname. In cases where an adopted son was the offspring of the husband's brother, no NPE would be evident even from a yDNA test, although mitochodrial DNA would reveal a different maternal ancestry.
Where an NPE is observed, the family researcher should look at possible DNA matches other relations (such as the wife's or son-in-law's family) or with neighbors. If you find death records for a sister and her husband followed by the appearance of previously unknown children in a family, it could indicate adoption.
Sunday, March 8, 2009
First, there is the question of the identity of the man the wife is having a sexual relation with. The common assumption is that it is someone unrelated to the wife or her husband. This, however, is not always the case. There was a news story several years ago about a woman who drowned her two children by driving her car into a lake with them strapped in their car seats. Although the focus of the news media was on the act itself, it came out later that the children were the products of an incestuous relationship with her father, a prominent local businessman. Other incestuous relationships, with a brother or paternal uncle would produce a biological link of the children with their mother's paternal ancestry, while an affair with a maternal uncle or cousin would link to the wife's mother's paternal ancestry. On the other hand, an affair with the husband's brother/father/paternal uncle would not show up as a DNA contradiction but such an NPE might be reflected in divorce, abandonment or disinheritance by the husband if discovered.
Once an NPE is revealed, the family historian should begin thinking about who the biological father might be. If DNA testing of the lines of neighbors', employers' or the wife's line is available, a comparison of the yDNA might reveal their identity. Of course, when there are multiple men of an appropriate age present, a yDNA match can only limit possible fatherhood to that set rather than a specific individual. The case of Thomas Jefferson and his relation with his slave Sally Hemmings, for example, gives us good reason to believe he fathered her children, but the DNA match does not exclude his male relations.
Of course, infidelity is not limited to wives. Husbands also had affairs that resulted in offspring and sometimes these children were given their mother's surname, and sometimes their biological father's. These 'natural' children were sometimes acknowledge and supported and in some cultures were given surnames that reflected their heritage. The prefix 'Fitz' (as in Fitzgerald), for example, indicates a son born out of wedlock. In some Scandinavian countries, the child would get the usual designation, e.g. Hakkons-son or Hakkons-totter, and then might also get additional surname that reflected where they were born.In cases where the child's surname did not match their biological father's, there will be a DNA mismatch between others of that surname and their line.
One additional point that should be mentioned is that the identity of the father in cases of marital infidelity is not always clear. Just because a man acknowledges that a child could be his does not mean that he is actually the father – only the introduction of blood type and DNA testing has allowed us to establish this with reasonable certainty.
There are some other interesting variants of infidelity that I will discuss later, since they involve unusual circumstances.
Saturday, March 7, 2009
Assisted Pregnancies
Let's start with artificial insemination, one of the older methods of assisting women whose husbands are infertile to get pregnant. Sperm donors deposit semen that is stored until a recipient chooses the donor from a list and it is then injected in the woman's uterus at her peak period of fertility. Until recently, sperm donors remained anonymous and many couples who used artificial insemination did not inform their children that their social father was not their biological father. This sets up the classic NPE situation.
In recent years, some states have set up voluntary sperm donor identification registries. Donors who are willing to be identified register and children they sired can find out who their biological father is. Some men whose description and profile proved popular have discovered that they have dozens of children and seem rather bemused at the concept.
In vitro fertilization is a technique usually employed to allow couples who for some reason cannot conceive naturally to generate a fertilized egg that is then implanted. Sometimes multiple embryos are implanted to insure that at least one will 'take'. Normally, the husband sperm and the wife's ova are used for in vitro fertilization, but this is not necessarily the case -- a sperm or egg donor could be used. The donor could be related (e.g., the husband's brother or the wife's sister) or unrelated. If the resulting child is not informed of the nature of their conception, the usual NPE situation is set up.
A case that illustrates the perils of in vitro fertilization occurred in the Netherlands. A Dutch couple used their own sperm and ova to produce embryos that were implanted and resulted in the birth of twin boys. One of the boys, however, was clearly not the husband's – he was darker skinned and looked part Indian. In fact, he was. The fertilization lab had used the same pipette to transfer sperm to fertilize ova for two successive clients and sperm from the Indian man from the first couple had stayed in the pipette and fertilized one of the Dutch woman's ova.
Another recent practice, that of surrogate motherhood, can also result in an NPE. Surrogates have the option in most states to renege on their contract and to keep the child they have carried. In some cases, this may be regardless of whether it was their ovum or that of the woman from the employing couple.
Ova donors set up a situation parallel to that of sperm donors. And embryo donation, encouraged in some states to preserve unused embryos from in vitro procedures, presents us with another case where a woman can get pregnant and carry to term a child that is completely unrelated to her or her husband.
Friday, March 6, 2009
Rate of Non-Paternal Events
What is the real rate of NPEs? Well, it depends. Estimates range from one in a hundred to one in five. Studies that have used DNA or blood types indicate that the rate of NPEs varies across ethnic, religious and economic groups. When cohesive religious groups (such as Mormons or Orthodox Jews) are studied the rate of NPEs is between 1% and 1.5%. Lower socioeconomic groups have higher rates of NPEs than wealthier groups. A study of working class families in the British Midlands that used blood types showed that a fifth of the children could be NPEs, although the criteria used to establish that were somewhat loose.
An interesting angle on this question has been taken by researches looking at sibling pairs used in medical research on genetic markers for various disorders. Since full siblings share more of their genetic makeup than half siblings, it is important to know the rate of NPEs. In order to establish a base rate for NPEs, the researchers studied genetic variation among men with the same surnames. In Britain, common people adopted surnames sometime after the Norman Conquest (1066). Some of the surnames were taken from a man's occupation (e.g. Smith), others from their father's name (e.g., Johnson), and so on. It is not too surprising, then, that occupational surname lines had a lot more founding fathers than surname lines based on a unique location or unusual physical characteristic. When the researchers looked at genetic variation among men with different surnames, they found that the variation was high among common surnames and low among rare surnames. This is because rare surnames are likely to have had just one founding father. For uncommon surnames, they were able to estimate the rate of NPEs at between 1 and 1.5%. Now it is unlikely that people with uncommon surnames have a lower rate of NPEs than those with common surnames, so we can take this as an overall estimate of NPEs in the general population.
Family history researchers have different reactions to NPEs – some horrified, some titillated and some gratified that their ancestors were human after all. The rate of NPEs revealed by these studies suggests that it is an infrequent but not unheard of event.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
What's an NPE?
If you are researching your family history, you may encounter situations that suggest that a child is not the son or daughter of the couple raising them as their own. One of my great-grandmother's, for example, had three more children after her husband died but indicated in public records that he was the father of all three. Now the one born nine months after his death we can probably accept, but the next two are the results of NPEs.
Because of European surname inheritance customs that developed in the last 500 years or so an NPE is often seen as a mismatch between the child's biological inheritance and their social father's surname. There is a persistent concern among some genealogists with what's been called blood inheritance. That is, the rejection or disregard of social inheritance and an insistence on actual biological inheritance as the only 'true' genealogical link.
Although the family historian's traditional methodology was limited to tracing the social family, there were some records, such as guardianships, adoptions and orders of support for children born out of wedlock that documented NPEs in the past. We now have the additional complication of DNA testing, which can show that various members or entire branches of a socially coherent family tree are, biologically at least, not related and thus the product of an NPE at some time in the past.
As I explore the NPE concept, I hope you will join in the discussion and provide examples from your own experience or family history that shed additional light on the subject.


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A Brief Overview of Groundhog Day
Sujata Iyer
Feb 8, 2019
Groundhog Day, falls on the 2nd of February every year. It is observed in the United States and Canada. While this day may be a public holiday and a bank holiday, it is not a compulsory holiday declared by the government. Groundhog Day is a tradition wherein a groundhog predicts the weather.
Did You Know?
The tradition of a groundhog forecasting the weather has its roots in an ancient European lore. However, in the lore, it was a badger who predicted the weather.
Human civilization has truly come a long way. From using animals for transport to the super fast automobiles that we have today. From using flint to making fire to using one touch lighters. But there are some things that we will never let go of.
Some ancient traditions that have been brought down through the ages are still followed today. Preserved over time and followed with a fervor by one and all. There are some who follow them because they truly believe in them, and some who follow them blindly without bothering to understand why it is so.
As is with numerous traditional practices, there is one that has been observed since the late 1800s: Groundhog Day. You know you have a holiday every year for this day, but do you know why? Well, let's find out!
Ever heard of Punxsutawney Phil? Groundhog day is observed because of this groundhog. Yes, you read that right. The day is indeed about a groundhog. Punxsutawney is the name of an apparently weather forecasting groundhog.
He lives in his burrow on Gobler's Knob, Punxsutawney in Pennsylvania, for a short period preceding the 2nd of February every year. Otherwise, he lives downtown with another groundhog called Phyllis.
How the Groundhog predicts the weather?
On the 2nd of February, Phil comes out from his burrow and looks for his shadow. If he sees his shadow and goes back into the burrow, then America will have an extended winter of six weeks.
But if he cannot see his shadow, and he remains outside, it means winter will soon end and spring will arrive very shortly. He communicates this to the president of the Inner Circle, the group of people who look after him. He does this in a secret language called Groundhogese, which apparently only the president of the Inner Circle can understand.
Phil has been 'predicting' the length of winter in this manner since almost a century now and they have always been almost 100% accurate. It is obvious for you to wonder how a regular groundhog can live for so long.
Legend has it that Phil has been given a potion with a secret recipe over the years. This potion has the power to extend his life by 6 years, every time he drinks it.
Groundhog Day is celebrated with much aplomb in the United States of America and also in Canada. The largest celebration is held at Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania.
People wait eagerly, camping days in advance, to see the small groundhog emerge from his burrow, check for his shadow and either go back in or stay out. Today, the Groundhog Day is a widespread tradition and an exciting event.
The Inner Circle generally organizes an annual function on this occasion to honor Phil. He gets a lot of media attention as well. People rejoice when they hear it is time for winter to end and celebrate by eating sweets and singing and dancing.
No one knows how, but all of Phil's predictions since the 1800s have come true. It is indeed mysterious and quite intriguing to rely on a groundhog's prediction for a weather report. Nonetheless, let's wait for Groundhog Day this year and check what he has to say about winter in the year to come.
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Will,I don't think I've ever read anything as poignant. My heart goes out to you and Joanne,I was hoping things had worked out for you both in Spain. I can understand why you would both want a break from the emotional turmoil,drugs and clinic appointments. I'm so sorry things haven't worked out yet,you both seem like lovely people. I truly hope your dream comes true in the future . Thank you for sharing your journey,wish you and Joanne nothing but luck and happiness.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you so very much Laura!Delete
Thank you so much for sharing your story. I was so hoping for a different ending. Having been through 8 IUI and 3 IVF I know how soul destroying each negative result is.ReplyDelete
I wish you and Joanne all the best for the future......and that you'll get your happy ending.Replies
One day Caroline it may happen thank you!Delete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
I've cried the whole way through reading this. Sick with nerves. I can only imagine how ye both feel.ReplyDelete
Very brave of you to write yer story. I've have alot of admiration for ye both. Thank you for sharing yer journey.
I wish ye both all the best in the future, and best if luck in anything ye do.
Lots of love from Limerick xReplies
I am sorry it was hard to read but thank you Amanda!Delete
Hi Willem your blog has brought back so many memories for me I have been through the process 8 times and unfortunately for us it turned out i just cant carry a child. I have had 4 miscarriages down the donor route. No pregnancies through using my own eggs unny enough so if you can get your head around the donor thing, i would sooo strongly recommend it. It has such high statistics and i went to a place called Procreatic in Madrid...AMAZING. I used to work with your sister in law Karen and have told her if you or Joanne ever want to talk to someone about donor i will always be here to talk. I wish at the time i was going through it all i had someone to talk to who had been through it before. But you know even if you don't go down the donor route there will be a LIFE after you get your head around the whole no children thing...i swear it will be ok...im living proof. Not a day goes by where you dont envy people but you learn to live with it and it does make your marriage stronger which is only a good thing. I wish you both all the luck in the future whatever you decide to do but do go along to the adoption meeting sooner rather than later....its a very interesting day...i just wish i did it sooner. I was in my 40s before we even thought of adoption because i thought the ICSI would work. Anyway you are a very brave man for doing this blog and i thank you from the bottom of my heart for informing people of the reality of infertility. AmandaReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you so much, its such a horrific journey to go through isnt, it is so horribly crazy, Thank you so much for reading and commenting.Delete
Will and Joanne. I cannot express how heart broken I am for you both; strangers who over the the last three weeks have shared the most intimate details of your life. Your blog has been devasting and uplifting to read. Uplifting due to your love, dedication and stick-togetherness. It's amazing how you have managed to support each other while trying to cope with your individual heartbreak. I wish you both all the luck in the world with your future. Thank you so much for sharing your story. AoifeReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you so much Aoife !Delete
I prayed for a different ending for you both, you wrote with such honesty Will. I can't even begin to feel what you both have gone through but you have come out this side as inspirational - a solid couple who's love for each other will help you through the low days x wishing you both the very best for the future xReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you so much Linda for the support and reading!Delete
Thank you so much for writing your story each part has had me in tears I wish you and Joanne the very best for the future and never loose hope. That is what I hang on to. XxReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you Claire for the support really appreciate itDelete
Thanks so much for sharing your personal story, what shines out is how much you two love and value each other. Wishing you the best with your future, so sorry this chapter of the journey was so hard for you both.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you! The wife is a bit of a legend :)Delete
I was willing a different ending with tears in my eyes as I was reading down the story. I'm so sorry for what you have been through. I had that same Christmas in 2012 where we got really bad news and were told it just wouldn't happen. I couldn't lift my head out of bed that week and we decided to park IVF and the rollercoaster indefinitely at that point after 5 years, 3 failed IVF and too many operations and tests. It wasn't long after that someone must have been looking down on us and we had a spontaneous surprise pregnancy against all the odds. We were blessed with a beautiful healthy little boy and are now starting the journey again to try to give him a sibling however after my first injections the feelings all came flooding back as if I'd never got off the rollercoaster. The one thing that I can definitively say about the process is that as a couple it made us unbreakable and we were stronger than ever as a result of everything we have been through. Never give up hope. I'm sure you have looked as so many clinics that it can drive you insane but Serum Athens has an amazing reputation for being able to succeed when all else has failed. Take care of each other and thanks for sharing. Ps what doses of the vitamins were you taking we need all the help we can get.ReplyDeleteReplies
Its such a hard thing to go through isn't it, hopefully we get a bit of luck or a surprise look you :). I think I was taking 100mg of Vitamin C daily and 1000mg Vitamin E. Thanks for posting JellyBean!Delete
Hello, I saw someone on FB sharing your blog & I read it. Very sad to read but the love you have for your wife shines through and that will overcome everything. I wish you both all the best.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks Florabell :)Delete
Thanks so much for sharing your story, so incredibly brave. Was really hoping for a better result for you. Best of luck xxReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you so much CB hopefully it helps other guys and couples also :)Delete
That must have been so heartbreaking to get that call right before Christmas. I hope you will both be able to relax and have a nice break from it all and in time be able to decide what path to go down. Wishing you both all the best!ReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you very much and reading again this week! Thank you also for the supportDelete
Thank you so much for your story. Could you please tell me what the protocol was with the Saizen. What was the dose and for how long? We are looking into Saizen so any and all info regarding the dosage and time frame would be so very appreciative.ReplyDeleteReplies
Hi There Qstat, as far as I know once a day 0.06mg / 0.1ml of Saizen. Any other questions give me a shout!Delete
Thank you for this. I am so sorry for your loss. I wish you so much luck.ReplyDelete
Thanks for sharing the information about the IVF with us. For failed IVF couples, consult with the Dr.Andal Baskar who is the best lady gynecology doctor in nellore providing the best treatment to obtain your dream baby.ReplyDelete
Motherhood is really so enjoyable moment. Mostly for them who is become mother after long days. I'm impressed to read your blog. You're really so great.ReplyDelete
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IVF giving us freedom to win infertility. Your IVF story is amazing story for all people who are planning to adopt IVF for there fertility issues.ReplyDelete
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We continue our series of instructionals brought to you by Mike McLin and Kyle Schmidt over at LearnWake.com. They're the the same guys that brought you The Book series of DVD's, which have since become the de facto standard in learning how to wakeboard through video. Their training skills have been finely tuned over many years of not only riding as pro wakeboarders, but teaching students at The Wakeboard Camp.
The sixth instructional in our series from LearnWake.com features a drill to help you improve handle pass strength and form...
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Page One
'Brain' opera well performed, but undistinguished
A man undergoes brain surgery and experiences a transformation of his life in the quirky and well-performed, but otherwise surprisingly bland 1998 opera "A New Brain," which Shotgun Players opened Saturday as its latest show at Julian Morgan Theater in Berkeley.
The play is Shotgun's first presentation ever of a musical show. "A New Brain" is a substitute for the previously scheduled hip-hop play "One Size Fits All," which fell through at the eleventh hour.
The current production of "A New Brain" was originally staged as a student theater project on the UC Berkeley campus for three weekends in March. The show is well performed by a cast of largely current and former Cal students.
"A New Brain" was originally produced at New York's Lincoln Center in 1998, with music and lyrics by William Finn, and a book co-authored by Finn and James Lapine. Lapine is best known for his co-authorship of Stephen Sondheim's dark fairy tale musical "Into the Woods."
In "A New Brain," songwriter Gordon Schwinn (Jeffrey Meanza) cooks up ditties for a children's television show that he hates, worrying that his life and talent are passing him by at the expense of his more important artistic work. Then an illness sends him suddenly into a medical facility for brain surgery.
Most of the opera is set in a hospital. The style is sort of a song and dance fantasy variety show. From his hospital bed, Gordon catalogues his fears, memories and fantasies as friends and hospital staff bounce back their own concerns to him and others.
"A New Brain" is filled with odd, quirky touches, such as Gordon's boyfriend Roger (Austin Ku) showing up very late and singing a ballad "I'd Rather Be Sailing." But in general, the Finn/Lapine story is unfocused, with many subplots from the secondary characters going on at the same time as Gordon's ailment.
In fact, the character of Gordon is one of the play's big weaknesses. Gordon suffers from the boring-and-ineffectual-hero syndrome of many contemporary plays and novels, and there is just not enough going on at the center of his story.
Most of Gordon's time on stage is a waiting game during his hospital stay, without strong or distinctive dramatic story points. In fact, the secondary characters in the play, who have their own stories, are frequently more interesting people than Gordon.
Swishy male nurse Richard (Malcolm Darrell), for example, sings of being poor, unsuccessful and fat, in a song that segues into Gordon's similar fear that he has no real artistic talent. Later in "Eating Myself Up Alive," Richard expresses his fears of obesity.
Hillary Kaye is a presence as Gordon's brassy and controlling, but compassionate mother. She sings a wonderful ballad "The Music Still Plays On," about the lost love that still lingers in her heart for her irresponsible former husband.
Kaitlin L'Italien appears from time to time as a street person seeking change, romance, and free existential therapy clients. David Neufeld is a sinister brain surgeon, off to see the musical "Chicago" with his kids, as relaxation before surgery.
Enver Gjokaj displays a lot of physical performance talent as the obnoxious, sadistic clown and children's television host Mr. Bungee, although this character seems familiar in an era of Krusty the Clown from "The Simpsons," or even Chuckles from "A Thousand Clowns."
Overall, this is a talented bunch of youthful performers – a solid testimony to Cal's theater program. The play is very well staged by director Yuval Sharon, with crisp singing and dancing. I guess the play's theme is to try and understand the brain of a perhaps untalented man who wants to write art, but who does commerce instead. But for me there is very little in the way of new ideas or fresh characters brought to the task in this script.
And one question I kept asking myself as the medical procedures got more and more complex: Where the heck did Gordon get his great health insurance?
Planet theater reviewer John Angell Grant has written for "American Theatre," "Backstage West," "Callboard," and many other publications. E-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Radisson Blu Hotel Noida
MBD Radisson Hotel is 200 m from Centre Stage Mall and 1.6 km from Film City. It is 9 km from Akshardham Temple and 34 km from Indira Gandhi International Airport. Elegant rooms feature stylish modern interiors. Each cosy room is equipped with a sofa seating area, tea/coffee maker and ironing facilities. A shower and […]
Indira Gandhi Eye Hospital, Lucknow
Indira Gandhi Eye Hospital and Research Centre (IGEHRC) was established by the Rajiv Gandhi Charitable Trust (RGCT), a not-for-profit organisation, in 2006 to address a crucial requirement for quality and affordable eye care and eliminate curable blindness in Northern India. Currently, two hospitals are successfully operating in Uttar Pradesh (UP): a secondary level facility in […]
Taj Mahal, Agra-India
The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located on the southern bank of the Yamuna River in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favorite wife of three, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is the epitome of Mughal art […]
Aligarh Muslim University
The university grew out of the work of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the great Muslim reformer and statesman, who in the aftermath of the Indian War of Independence of 1857 felt that it was important for Muslims to gain education and become involved in the public life and government services in India. Raja Jai Kishan […]
SRM University
The SRM University, formerly SRM Institute of Science and Technology, is a co-educational private university in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It was founded in 1985 as SRM Engineering College in Kattankulathur, under University of Madras. Vice-chancellor: M. Ponnavaikko SRM University has been consistent to maintain excellence in the academic standards since its inception. […]
Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur
Harcourt Butler Technological Institute is an academically autonomous engineering college affiliated to the Uttar Pradesh Technical University located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh in India. Harcourt Butler Technological Institute has always been a paragon and a source of inspiration in the field of science and technology, since 1921. It has maintained its conspicuous presence in the […]
Indian Institute of Technologies(IIT) Kanpur
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, established in 1959, is one of the premier institutions established by the Government of India. The aim of the Institute is to provide meaningful education, to conduct original research of the highest standard and to provide leadership in technological innovation. Departments Engineering + Aerospace Engineering + Biological Sciences & Bioengineering […]
Allahabad Fort( इलाहाबाद का किला)-Paryagraj Utter Pradesh
Allahabad Fort is a fort built by the Mughal emperor Akbar at Pryagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1583. The fort stands on the banks of the Yamuna near its confluence with the river Ganges. It is recognized by the Archaeological Survey of India as a monument of national importance. The Allahabad Fort was constructed by […]
Allahabad High Court-इलाहाबाद उच्च न्यायालय
Allahabad High Court (इलाहाबाद उच्च न्यायालय) is a high court based in Prayagraj that has jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established on 11 June 1866, making it the fourth high court to be established in India. Sir Walter Morgan, Barrister-at-Law and Mr. Simpson were appointed the first Chief Justice and […]
Tirumala Tirupati Venkateswara Temple
Tirumala Tirupati Venkateswara Temple is the most sacred and second richest temple of India, popularly known as 'Tirupati Balaji Temple', is a popular pilgrimage destination. Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachhan is a devotee of the diety and has reportedly donated around Rs 51 lakh to this temple. The Temple is dedicated to Lord Sri Venkateswara, an […]
Blue World Theme Park, Kanpur
Blue World Theme Park, one of the biggest Theme Park, is located at Mandhana-Bithoor Road, 2 km off GT Road, spread over 25 acre of land featuring over 30 rides including Dry Rides, Water Fun, 9D Theater, Dinosaur Villa and India's biggest private musical fountain-cum- laser show.
Nanda Devi- Garhwal Himalaya
Nanda Devi is the second highest mountain in India, It is the 23rd-highest peak in the world. It was also the highest mountain in India before 1971 when Sikkim, the state in which Kangchenjunga is located, joined the Republic of India. This mountain is part of the Garhwal Himalayas, and is located in the state […]
Janeshwar Mishra Park, Lucknow
Janeshwar Mishra Park, claimed to be Asia's largest garden is an urban park operating in Gomti Nagar in Lucknow, India. It was made in memory of late politician Janeshwar Mishra from Samajwadi Party.The park was inaugurated for general public of the city on 5 August 2014. The chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav (2012-2017) […]
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Park, Gomti Nagar
Dr Ram Manohar Lohia park was developed by the Lucknow Development Authority in the memory of great socialist Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia in the Vipin Khand area of Gomti Nagar locality. The total area of the park is 76 acres. It was created in 2007. Starting from the South-East corner of the park, the Main […]
Shri Mahaveer Ji temple
About Shri Mahaveer Ji . Shri Mahaveer Ji temple is a famous Jain in Hindaun Block in Karauli district in Rajasthan, India and is 110 km from Sawai Madhopur town. Earlier known as Chandanpur, this small village became famous as a Jain religious site after an ancient idol of Mahaveer was excavated from its soil […]
Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Chennai
Arignar Anna Zoological Park, also known as the Vandalur Zoo, is a zoological garden located in Vandalur, a suburb in the southwestern part of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, about 31 kilometers from the city center and 15 kilometers from the Chennai Airport. Chennai, the then Madras had the distinction of having the first zoo in India, […]
The statue of Gomateshwara, Hassan-Karnataka
The statue of Gomateshwara is located at Shravanabelagola, Karnataka was build in around 981 A.D.. It is one of the largest free-standing statues in the world. Gomateshwara is also called as Bahubali. The statue was built by the Ganga dynasty minister and commander Chavundaraya, Neighboring areas have Jain temples known as basadis and several images […]
Hotel Saroj Krishna, Chittoor
Hotel Saroj Krishna started commercial operations in the year 2013 in Chittor, ambience with impeccable personalized service. Hotel Saroj Krishna Provides star comforts at budget prices. Hotel Saroj Krishna is well known for service and comfort, well furnished appointed rooms and suites. All rooms and suites have direct telephone facility. FACILITIES Complimentary Break Fast 24 […]
Burger King in chhatrapati shivaji Terminal Airport
Burger King that would enable it to open up Burger King outlets in airports in Mumbai airport India. India's First Burger King Airport Outlet Opens At Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport. The CSIA Burger King restaurant is spread over 178 square metres, with 38 indoor and 35 outdoor seats. The restaurant will be open 24 […]
Bengaluru International Airport
Kempegowda International Airport (IATA: BLR, ICAO: VOBL) is an international airport serving Bangalore, the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Spread over 4,000 acres (1,600 ha), it is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of the city near the village of Devanahalli. It is owned and operated by Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL), […]


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Centered on one of the greatest commandments: Love thy neighbor as thyself - this book takes a look at the position of wealth in America and reminds people that wealth is not to be trusted in, but God who gives to all richly everything to enjoy. With that said, wealth is not meant to be spent on oneself, for purchasing expansive houses or luxury cars, but wealth is meant to help the poor.
The author addresses the notion that the poor are somehow being punished for their sins and don't deserve help. With a historical look at the original twelve apostles, the author brings readers back with scripture to the core values that this country has lived by, which we are quickly losing, as many Americans have forgotten God and living a holy life.
Return to Christianity by A.M. Deigloriam is a wake-up call to America, the complacent, the compromising, the slothful, and all who are disobedient to the Lord's commands. The book is not meant to put down anyone, but to lift up and re-focus readers on Christian values that many Americans have lost and/or take for granted. 10.0 out of 10.0 stars
You may order your copy of Return to Christianity by A.M.Deigloriam at Amazon, in Kindle and in NOOK Book.


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On the Radar: Grammy Performances, 2019 Super Bowl Half Time Show, Bikini Kill Reunites and More
Catch up on all the music news you may have missed with the latest edition of On the Radar. Maroon 5, Travis Scott, and Big Boi to officially play Super Bowl 2019 Half Time show Well, it's happening. Maroon 5 will headline the Super Bowl 2019 Halftime Show with special guests Travis Scott and Big Boi. Scott was rumored to be a part of the show, but the NFL recently made the official announcement. Before settling on Maroon 5 the league reached out to other artists, like Pink, Nicki Minaj,…Read More


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Mental toughness: something I don't possess. Even if I was as fit as Mo Farah, I wouldn't be winning medals, because I just don't have the tenacity to ignore the pain and give everything to beat the other guys.
The organiser of the Peris Horseshoe / Half Peris didn't appear to have any wooden spoons to hand out at the prize giving last Saturday. Otherwise, he might have given me one for the slowest ever descent from Glyder Fawr to Pen-y-Pass in these races. OK, so I don't know that my time for this descent was an all-time record in the 30-year history of the race; but it was more than 5 minutes slower than anyone else on the day. There was nothing wrong physically: I was tired but not exhausted, and the twinges of cramp weren't severe enough to slow me down significantly. I hadn't even chosen a particularly bad route (although I am sure I could have done better in this aspect). It was simply that the constant mental effort of finding my way between crags and bogs, and having my running interrupted by lowering myself carefully down greasy rocks, seemed to have worn me down so that my mind was no longer in racing mode. I was still enjoying it, but in the way one enjoys a scenic, slow, long training run.
One year in the 1980's, one of the outdoor activity magazines sent a photographer to the Kinder Downfall race. The picture they published (which sadly I have lost), was not of the winner; it was a sprint finish further down the field. One of the runners, who has just moved ahead, has his face screwed up in determination and/or pain. The other one, finally defeated, has a big smile on his face. That second one was me. I've lost, but who cares? I'm still having fun!
All these musings came to me today during one of my very rare reps sessions, on a circuit round a rather rough field near my home. Now you may say that a bloke who goes out to do reps all on his own, with no other runners around to help with the motivation, is showing some mental toughness. Not really. The first two reps, completed in 2m04s, were somewhat painful. The remaining six were all between 2m07s and 2m10s. I didn't consciously decide to ease off the pace after the second one; it was an automatic, subconscious adjustment to keep the pain down.


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(shut up. shut up. shut up.)
Living in Salt (24358 words) by thedeadparrot
Chapters: 1/1
Fandom: Hockey RPF
Rating: Mature
Warnings: Creator Chose Not To Use Archive Warnings
Relationships: Jeff Carter/Mike Richards
Additional Tags: Alternate Universe - Pacific Rim Fusion, Career Ending Injuries
Pacific Rim AU. Jeff opens his eyes, and Mike opens his eyes. It's both his eyes and Mike's eyes. Their eyes.
This entry was originally posted at http://thedeadparrot.dreamwidth.org/597556.html. You can comment there using OpenID or you can comment here if you prefer. :) comments there


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In order to effectively address the complex needs of a changing climate, The Trust offers a comprehensive menu of services to a wide range of clients and partners, including regulated utilities, businesses, local and state governments, and kindred organizations. We rely on the involvement of these partners to achieve our mission and to help build a cleaner future. We would like to express our appreciation for the invaluable support of all our partners.
Learn more about partnering with The Trust by browsing through our expansive project portfolio.View Our Portfolio


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A Lincolnshire NHS Trust responsible for mental health, learning disability and social care has announced it is currently experiencing problems with its phone lines in the Sleaford area where it is based, with a handful of services unable to make or receive external calls.
Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust has said the number for patient enquiries and queries - the Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS) is currently affected.
Service users, family members, or carers who need to get in touch are asked to email: firstname.lastname@example.com so that a member of staff can call them back using a mobile phone.
The Willows, which is the Sleaford base for the steps2change talking therapies service is also experiencing problems. Service users needing to call are being asked to use the alternative number of 07766 360545.
For Neuropsychology services patients are being asked to call 07790 360337.
For all other Trust headquarter services including the main switchboard, Mental Health Act and legal teams, subject access requests and APM bookings email: email@example.com or phone 01529 222200 and the call will be diverted to the Single Point of Access Centre, where staff will take a message so the appropriate person can call back.
The Trust apologises for any inconvenience and is actively working with BT to resolve the issue as soon as possible, says a spokesman. Further updates will be posted on the Trust website www.lpft.nhs.uk.


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Yesterday was my first time in the Surrey countryside since moving to London and if you're going to go anywhere for a challenge, Box Hill is the place to go!
A couple of months ago I heard murmurings about a new race series by Cancer Research called Tough10. There were several races all across the UK, rated as Tough to Toughest. I contemplated which to go for but in my……adventurous spirit… decided I would go for one of the Toughest rated races, because that was obviously the sensible thing to do!
The race is now in less that two weeks time, I haven't been running due to therapy on my Achilles and so mostly cross-training. I wanted to get an idea of the terrain and basically what I'd let myself in for. Nic (Twitter: @niccombe & Blog: http://www.adventurebattey.com <-well worth a read, very inspiring), offered to come on a recce with me and show me round Box Hill as she had recently done a trek around there herself.
Sunday morning came with a earlish start and contemplations on what to wear, decided to go for as many layers as I could fit on my top half and base layer leggings and a pair of shorts for the bottom half, plus my HokaOneOne Rapa Nui trail shoes which hadn't really been put to the test yet, apart from one muddy club run. to be honest I was cold when I stepped out of my flat so I wondered what Box Hill was going to be like – I did have extras plus woollies in the back pack just in case.
We met in Starbucks for a pre trek coffee at 8.20 and headed off to Box Hill. I got the train times wrong so we got there via a mix of train and cab. As we jumped out of the cab, my eyes were drawn to a huge giant standing behind me and my eyes were going up and up before they reached the head of the giant. I took a gulp and asked Nic if that was it – "yep". In my head I was suddenly a bit nervous, I expected undulating hills not one big, huge one like that, asking myself a rhetorical question "are we going up there?".
We walked up the road to a steadier and less muddy incline than the first one offered and started the never ending climb, dodging some very fluffy cows (and their deposits) on the way up. Don't get me wrong, it wasn't a walk in the park but it wasn't as bad as expected, we took the hill at a fairly easy pace and managed to chat all the way up to the top.
A quick stop at the café for a snack and a drink and onwards we went – this is the part where I fell in love with the area. The trails were beautiful, helped that we'd chosen a really nice, crisp morning to head out. The canopy covering the trails, the coloured leaves and horse chestnut on the ground made it all rather magical and the conditions underfoot were great mix of squidgy leaves and a splattering of mud to make it look like we were trying – plus my Hoka's were comfy and holding up well.
Which route did we follow? Well, mostly the Happy Valley Trail, but our technique was more "it looks pretty down there shall we go that way" approach and it worked really well – thanks to Nic's internal navigation system which always seemed to know exactly where we were in relation to the main sights.
We got to the memorial at the top of the hill where we joined the North Downs Way and stopped for a few selfies and to admire the view (so nice, I even forgot to stop the Garmin). I could've stayed there forever, the views were stunning and it was fun trying to spot the towns and villages and other hills in the distance.
Until that point we had pretty much chatted all the way, literally. However, on leaving the memorial and heading down towards the Stepping Stones I realised we'd both gone dead silent. It was obvious we were both trying to concentrate on where we were going and making certain that each footstep was planted perfectly. It really worked my glutes and knees taking tiny baby steps down the muddy path and steep steps.
Eventually, things flattened out and we reached the Stepping Stones, I was so relieved to give my thighs a rest. We stood waiting for a family to make their way across, watching the little four year olds jumping across and convincing myself that if they could do it, so could I – and even seeing a woman come across clinging onto her partner in what must have been four-inch high heels – yes really! I felt a bit sorry for her as that was probably the easiest part of the walk!
Next it was out turn. Nic went first with me following – concentrating so hard on not falling it. We stopped half way across for pictures, both clinging on to our phones so not to drop them in the freezing and fast flowing water. We made it across and I got something akin to a runners high, a minor achievement as if I'd have been on my own I might have chickened out and headed to the bridge, I even checked my heart rate on my Garmin – 89bpm!.
After that it was a steady walk back to Dorking station for a cup of tea and Haribo! Perfect way to end a great morning trek!
All in all I had a fantastic day, I loved the route we took & I'll be honest I could've gone back again today if it wasn't for work!
Thanks a lot to Nic too for being my guide for the day & the chat!
It's going to be a case of get round, try to enjoy the scenery and don't fall flat on my face. If I can do that, I'll be pretty chuffed!
It will be my first trail race after all and I know it's going to take me ages, tempted to give myself a 2-hour estimate as seeing the route, I've noticed that we'll be going up and back down the treaded stairs and muddy path – dodging the stepping stones for the bridge however.
I am looking forward to it, it's going to be something very different and something I can be proud to finish rather than just another road race around the streets of London.
FYI – I've just checked and there are places available & it's only £20 to enter so why don't you come and have a challenge and 10k like no other? I have a feeling it'll be lots of fun!!
By the way, throw me some other ideas of challenges, races or treks you think I'd enjoy or if you want to tag along on another trek!


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[This post contains spoilers for the movie]
The last week (until Tuesday) I was in Japan. While navigating the complicated rail system of Tokyo, I kept seeing Aikatsu posters, until it dawned on me that it had just started showing on Saturday.
I had to watch this, I thought. I knew there was an Aikatsu movie happening, but I didn't expect it to land by the time I was there! So I hastily put it into my plans.


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Lewiston, ME – Jordan Eurenius registered a hat trick tonight as the Mustangs caged the Bates College Bobcats 9-6 at the Underhill Arena in Lewiston.
CM jumped out to a 2-0 lead in the first five minutes of the game thanks to goals by Eurenius and Jordy Knoren. Bates came back with one of their own to make it 2-1. The Mustangs lit the lamp again and took a 3-2 lead into the second period.
Two goals by Sean Coleman, and one by Pat Perason, Zach Savage, and another by Eurenius increased the lead to 6-3 heading into the third period.
The visitors keep up the pressure into the third period with goals by Alex Barrone, Drake Goupil, and the third of Eurenius goals to close out the scoring.
The Mustangs even their record out to 8-8 on the season. The squad host Wentworth Institute of Technology next Saturday at the Norway Savings Bank arena in a 7pm match.


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Hey guys, I won't be releasing any ABO for at least a month, but don't panic, it's because I'll be focusing on FOD Extra #4: Honeymoon on Beastman Planet. I wasn't sure if I was going to be translating any extras for FOD cause they're as long as the longest chapters, but I started reading the extra recently and I was hooked, so I couldn't leave you guys without it. I have a full time job now, so I don't have as much free time as I used to so it might even take 2 months. In fact, I translated chapter 1 (of 20) last night and it took a full 4 hours. Geez! Even if I spend 4 hours every night translating(which I can't) it'll still take about 20 days for a bulk release! So don't expect it too soon, but just know that I'm working on it. (Unless someone else has already translated all the extras, in that case welp)
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Sorry for asking this, but it's been a little bit over a month and I"m just wondering when the next update might be? Thanks anyway for all the hard work ; )
Keep up the good work! I for one am VERY appreciative of everything you put into these translations. Stay AMAZING!!
kez,I just really wanted to know if you will translate the 18+ version not all just the parts they censored . I got a little excited after reading the content of supermodel arc. (here I thought FOD was shonen ai). I know you are busy with job and really grateful for honeymoon arc so we can't ask more.
Well that just makes me want to read FOD from the beginning all over again.
HELL YES! Yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesssssss yes yessss! 👍🏻👍👍🏼👍🏿👍🏾👍🏽 Anything related to FOD I will thumbs up and toe up, and use my cats toes too. ive Been re reading the previous arcs and it wasn't as satisfying the 27th time around. All I wanna do I throw confetti in the air and praise you for the social work you're doing. Yes it's social work, cause you're saving me from depression and boredom.
Thank you!!
This is the best gift ever!!
Never thought you will pick this up!
This is the best news I've heard in a long time! Will be waiting in anticipation but take as much break as you can! Wow 4 hours in 1 sitting for 1 chapter, I'm simply amazed at your speed and dedication, I actually tried to MTL but that long sentences put me off that I had to take frequent breaks to vent hahaha.. 1 chapter would take me 3 days minimum. You're a godsend, god bless 🙂
Sorry I'm not clear, I did not mean that I translate this Fod extra thingy, its another novel project.
Blesse your soul and thanks for the hard work translator-sama!
Thank you, take your time and keep your health kez!
*le gasp!*
I never thought this would be translated but thank you so much Kez! It's enough for us to know that you'll be translating it. We'll wait as long as it takes!
Thank you very much for everything, I will be waiting for your publication, I really love your translation 😘😘😘
It's really nice of you to let us know so it's much easer to wait
anyway thank you for your hard work and congratulations for your job
Take good care of yourself for you of course and for us your readers 😊 to
No one else has translated that I know of! I'm so excited that you are going to! Especially since your translation quality is so good and coherent <3 Thank you so much for doing this. And take your time and take care of yourself <3 I'm willing to wait months especially since I didn't think they would ever get translated. You've made me very happy, so thank you for the surprise update!!!
Thank you for your hard work, Kez-sama!😊😊😊
I love your translations – they're very coherent, sophisticated and comprehensible!
As a reader of MTL, and a very VERY grammar conscious person, I really revere the godly level of your translation skills – and no, I didn't speak incorrectly or misunderstand, to turn the gibberish that is MTL to proper English IS translation!😄😄😄😄
Please, do take your time to translate, and I'm sure that every one of us FOD fans will and do appreciate the quality of your translation and would not mind waiting for it! 😊😊😊😊


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Image Credits: Prep-tacular
Who says a conservative and a liberal can't be best friends? Most people wouldn't think so. I wouldn't trade my best friend — who is a liberal — for anything. I'm sure people think how can you have a best friend who has such different values than you? We may be on opposite sides of the spectrum politically, but we get along in every other aspect. That's what truly makes a great friendship. We've known each other a long time and have been through so much together. Why would we throw away an amazing friendship because of politics?
Here are 6 things I've learned from having a liberal best friend.
You get to hear the other side on issues.
No matter how well-informed you think you are, sometimes it's easier to just stick to conservative news outlets. While those are obviously great to watch and read because they align with your values, it's important to stay well-informed on both sides of politics. A liberal best friend helps you do just that.
You become more open-minded.
Having a liberal best friend helps you be more open-minded, because you're more sensitive to all issues. You know that you're best friend is a liberal, so obviously not all liberals are terrible or uneducated. In fact, anyone can be those things – no matter what their political affiliation is. It definitely helps put things into perspective.
Even though you may not agree politically, you probably have just about everything else in common.
My best friend and I may not agree on every single political issue, but we have so many things in common. We like the same TV shows, movies, restaurants, stores. Other than political issues, if you name something, we probably feel the same way about it.
You always have someone to debate with.
Talking politics with your conservative friends is awesome, but it's always nice to have a great debate with someone on the other side of the spectrum. The best part is that you can debate without actually arguing. As long as all discussions stay respectful and don't resort to insults, there's no reason for us to not talk about politics. She's actually one of my favorite people to discuss politics with. I think that's pretty amazing. She challenges my views and helps to expand my knowledge.
They can actually remind you why you love being a conservative.
While you respect your best friend and their beliefs, it can actually strengthen your conservative beliefs. Hearing your friend's ideals can help you realize how passionate you are about yours and make them even stronger.
You truly know that you're best friends.
Despite your political beliefs, your friendship is as strong as it could possibly be. In today's world, that's how you know you have a true friendship – when you can put your differences aside and still love each other. Like the saying goes, opposites attract. I think that's extremely true in friendships, as well.
Jessica M
FFL Contributor
Jessica is a student at Shippensburg University pursuing a bachelor's in Public Relations. She is a lover of all things pink & sparkly, going to church every Sunday morning, puppies & pigs, and Netflix binges. She is fiercely patriotic and hopes to have another president like Ronald Reagan. She has a southern state of mind and plans on moving to the South someday!


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How Much Money Will You Spend on Video Games in Q3?
That's a lot of moolah.
Published on
The end of each calendar year always seems jam packed with some awesome games to play. Additionally, thanks to E3, we now have release dates, among other details, on some of the biggest games that are to be for the rest of the year. Here's how much money you'll be doling out for the third quarter of the calendar year, which begins on July 1 and ends on September 30. Just keep in mind that the following figures were obtained as the list prices on Amazon, are rounded up to the nearest dollar, and do not account for taxes.


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Note: Only someone with legal custody of a child
can place him or her in residential care.
For more information about admission to our residential program, Boys Ranch, or other Cal Farley's services, please complete the form below or call Cal Farley's intake & referral line 800-657-7124. Please note, in order to provide the best opportunity for each child, we cannot begin the admissions process for any child older than 16 years, 6 months. If Cal Farley's is unable to meet your family's need, we will work with you to provide referral services to an appropriate organization or agency.
A 2013 survey of Cal Farley's residents and their parents found more than 90 percent of parents were satisfied with our program for their children.
Copyright © 2019 Cal Farley's Boys Ranch. All rights reserved.


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AceShowbiz - %cUsher% is not only lending his vocal to %cRomeo Santos%' "Promise", but he is also going to steam up the music video for the newcomer's latest single. On Tuesday, August 30, the 32-year-old singer was spotted on the Queens, New York set of the upcoming clip, shooting some sexy moments with a Latina seductress on top of a car bonnet.
The on-set photos of the "OMG" hitmaker with the Latina model came out via Toya'z World. A press release for the single itself, in the meantime, uncovered that the R&B crooner has teamed up with Ramon and director Anthony Madler to film the music video in the Big Apple sometime last week.
"Promise" is the second single off Romeo Santos' forthcoming debut solo album "Formula Vol. 1", which is set for release on November 8. The follow-up to Romeo's first hit single, "You", will make its debut this coming Friday, September 2. It will be simultaneously released to radio and digital music outlets, including iTunes.
In an Usher related news, the "Dirty Dancer" singer can be expected to hit the stage together with %cDavid Guetta% at the iHeartRadio Music Festival in Las Vegas in September. They will perform "Without You", their latest collaboration from David's new album "Nothing but the Beat".
Behind the scenes of Romeo Santos' music video for "Promise":


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Capitalism Requires Government
page: 6 of 7
Being systemic also means that these problems cannot be cured from within the economic system itself. These problems can only be addressed from the outside by coordinated collective efforts – the efforts of people acting through their governments. This doesn't mean that the government cannot at times utilize the forces of the market to help solve these problems – such as when it creates a market in pollution rights, or when it auctions off a limited number of licenses to harvest lobsters. But these are not "market solutions" as conservatives like to trumpet; these are "government solutions" that utilize markets to achieve their goals.
Once the extent and severity of the shortcomings of a market economy become obvious, it becomes much clearer why we have big government in the United States. The public has repeatedly turned to government to provide important things the market cannot – such as clean air, retirement security, equal access to a good education, city planning, and health care for those who cannot afford it. Nor can we rely on markets to provide a more just, free, and secure society. Government is also necessary to make sure that market economies don't hurt people in a variety of ways, including cars that blow-up or roll-over, or mines that collapse. That is exactly why most Americans say they do not want to see consumer or workplace regulatory protections dismantled. 11 Even David Stockman, ardent free-marketeer and lead man in the effort to reduce government in the Reagan administration, eventually had to reluctantly admit that the American public would simply not put up with capitalism in its raw form. Upon leaving office as budget director, he observed rather sadly that "The American electorate wants a moderate social democracy to shield it from capitalism's rougher edges."12
Why Taxes, Regulations and Social Programs are Good for Capitalism
That, then, is the traditional justification for government regulation of business and market: only government can address the many serious problems caused by laissez-faire capitalism. Even if government rules decrease somewhat corporate growth and profits, they promote important things that Americans care about – like better health care, safer workplaces, a cleaner environment, and more economic security. But this rationale leaves out an important – and more intriguing – reason why government "interference" in the economy is desirable. The fact is that many government actions that hurt businesses in the short run are actually good for business in the long run. Most regulations, for instance, are not only good for the American people, they are also ultimately good for business as well. This point may not seem obvious at first. But I will argue that the central pillars of the modern democratic state – the regulations and social programs that conservatives and business interests often oppose so vehemently – actually work in important ways to the benefit of the business community and capitalism itself. What business thinks is bad for it economically can be very beneficial, and even essential, for it politically.
How can this possibly be true? To see, we need only asks ourselves a simple question: What would happen to market capitalism without all of these regulations and social programs? Fortunately, we don't have to try to speculate about the answer to this question; we merely need to go back to the first several decades of the twentieth century. This was the time before big government – before extensive regulations and expensive social programs – an era that anti-government conservatives consider a golden age. But what they forget is that at that time, around the world and even in this country, growing numbers of people were becoming very discontent with capitalism. They were also becoming increasingly interested in alternatives such as socialism, communism, and anarchism. The communist revolution in Russia prompted a wave of attempted socialist uprisings or threats of uprisings throughout much of Europe after World War I. Rosa Luxemburg led one uprising in Germany, and the communists actually overthrew the government in Bavaria and briefly established a soviet state. Another short-lived communist government was established by revolutionaries in Hungary in 1919. The success in Russia also inspired a host of anti-capitalist movements and incidents in other countries: there was a wave of factory occupations in Italy, a wide-spread series of strikes in Britain, and a general strike in Winnipeg, Canada. Later, in the 1930s, in the Spanish Civil War, anarchists and communists fought side by side for control of the country.


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Since Bluetooth was given an overhaul in 2010 with the 4.0 standard, it's surged in popularity. Now, it's about to get another serious spec bump, providing four times the range, twice the speed and even mesh networking.
The Bluetooth Special Interest Group has announced its plans for the future of the wireless standard, and they sound promising. First, it plans to bump its speed by 100 per cent without increasing energy consumption. Second, it will increase the range of the low-power Bluetooth Smart standard by up to four times. Elsewhere, it also wants to introduce mesh networking to Bluetooth. That's actually a pretty stunning idea, that would allow devices to used the wireless connection to form building-wide networks, rather than one-to-one links.
All told, those features will make the system way more useful. It's worth bearing in mind that this is just the Interest Groups's plan, and it can sometimes take longer for these features to filter through into commercially available products. But as spec bumps go, this is certainly one to be excited about. [Business Wire via VentureBeat via Verge]
Image by Tsvetomir Tsonev under Creative Commons license


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For Immediate Release
Portland, OR -
Point B Inc., an integrated management consulting, venture investment, and property development firm, announced Sicely Donaldson has been named Practice Director of its Portland office. Donaldson has helped drive Point B Portland's 30% growth over the last four years, and will now serve in the top market position as a trusted advisor to senior business leaders across Oregon and provide guidance and direction for the Point B Portland team.
"Sicely has long been a steward of Point B's culture and client service excellence," said Point B President of Consulting Chuck Ritter. "Her deep relationships with the Portland business community and keen eye on the development of our people will serve as a rock-solid foundation for the next phase of growth of our Portland team."
Donaldson has held several Point B leadership roles in account management, portfolio leadership, business development, culture, client operations, and has most recently served as Senior Director for the market. A career consultant of more than 20 years, Donaldson brings deep expertise in change management, organizational design and development, product launch, strategy development, cost reduction and implementation of clients' mission critical initiatives across numerous industries, including Healthcare, Athletic and Outdoor, Public Sector and Food and Beverage.
Prior to Point B, Donaldson spent her career consulting at Accenture. She is a graduate of Oregon State University and a volunteer with the SMART reader program in Oregon. In her spare time, Donaldson is an avid runner and has a strong passion for international travel.
About Point B
Point B, Inc. helps organizations form, execute, and thrive. With capabilities including Management Consulting, Studio, Venture Investment and Advisory, and Real Estate Development, our integrated businesses provide value to the organizations and communities we serve. Our 100% employee-owned firm was named the #1 Best Medium Workplace in the United States by Fortune magazine, and is regularly honored as an exceptional place to work.


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The INNOVA Commercialization Group (INNOVA®), an initiative of the High Technology Foundation, is a business support services and seed and early-stage investment capital program dedicated to creating successful entrepreneurs and new ventures. INNOVA specializes in bringing vital knowledge and resources to seed and early-stage companies in support of product commercialization efforts. Although INNOVA's primary focus is on the geographic region of West Virginia, INNOVA can bring expertise to almost any project.INNOVA offers its clients a unique understanding of the challenges facing seed and early-stage companies. In order to overcome these challenges, INNOVA has developed a portfolio of offerings designed specifically for commercialization and start-up companies. This assistance includes business support and technical services, seed and early-stage funding and entrepreneurial education and training.The INNOVA team members, with their diverse business backgrounds, bring a toolkit of resources and contacts to each new client. Many of these services are delivered directly by the INNOVA team and are tailored to meet the needs of each client.In addition, INNOVA can utilize a pool of financial resources to assist qualifying clients with business support services performed by regional accounting and legal firms, as well as other consultative services, as needed. INNOVA will also work with qualifying companies to provide assistance in applying for federally sponsored Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grants.
In addition, INNOVA manages a growing seed stage capital investment fund. The INNOVA commercialization team seeks out early-stage West Virginia based product-oriented companies in which it can place equity or near-equity investments. Such investments are used to prepare growing companies for future venture capital investments.
Finally, INNOVA sponsors and delivers multiple entrepreneurial education, training and networking events. These events are designed to provide entrepreneurs with the tools necessary to start and grow their businesses.
With its complete set of resources, knowledge, experience and contacts, the INNOVA team offers a unique toolkit of resources to meet the needs and challenges faced by seed and early-stage companies.
INNOVA's highlights to date include:
- INNOVA has worked with more than 400 companies and entrepreneurs seeking technical and/or financial assistance;
- INNOVA has placed over $1.6 million dollars of direct investments into seventeen (17) West Virginia companies, some of which have already exited the investments and others who have raised significant additional capital since INNOVA's "seed" funding;
- INNOVA has become recognized as a primary source of seed capital in the state of West Virginia by business and community leaders, and has raised approximately $2.3M in its seed stage investment capital fund.


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Yes, I use both the Kapex extension and the VL
I've ordered from them direct during their annual holiday sale (Dec/Jan). The discount mostly offsets the expense of shipping. Obviously their website has the full assortment of products/options available. Alternatively, Carbide Processors typically offers free shipping over $150, but sometimes their selection of incra products isn't as extensive.
Thank you @duc996 ! Now I jsut need to wait 8 weeks for them to ship mine Matt
Someone needs to explain to me why this is so desirable. I don't get it. Is there a video of it setup for MFT/router use?


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The Honey Pot Feminine Wash Review
M'kay y'all, it's about to get real personal up in herr. The topic of today's blog post: keeping our coochies clean.
Do you remember back in the day when "douche" wasn't just a word to describe someone like Kanye, but it was an actual product to tidy up your downtown bits? Well since then, douches have been deemed not so vag-friendly (← they can potentially strip your beloved cooter of all the healthy bacteria that it needs to thrive). What's a gal with that "sot so fresh feeling" supposed to do?
Enter feminine washes… the kind that take place on the outside of your body. My fave vegan brand of feminine wash is The Honey Pot – their products are 100% natural, cruelty-free, and plant-based.
They have 3 different varieties of feminine wash:
- Lavender – Ideal for all women seeking healthy freshness, with a lovely lavender aroma.
- Younger Ladies – A lighter, gentler formula for delicate youngins, 4-12 years old.
- Preggers – Safe enough for expecting moms throughout pregnancy (yep, I totes used this when I was preggo with Baby Dev).
I especially love that these cleansers come in foam dispensing containers. They're also easy to use, and their formulas are indeed gentle and effective. If you're in the market for this kind of product, I definitely recommend this brand.
Have you used anything like this before, and if not, do you think you'd give it a go?
About Sunny (Sunny's Profile)Longtime vegan, hardcore compassionate beauty junkie, serious cake aficionado, and lover of all things floofy and sparkly! If there's something in particular you'd like me to review, drop me a line at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can also find me on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and Google +.
Filed in: vegan personal items
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I actually bought this just before the new year in lavender form. planning on getting the one thats unscented. I feel the need to buy back ups of thi stuff. I wish they sold this near me.
You can purchase it online and receive it every month, two months or three months in our subscription program. Go to TheHoneyPot.co and be sure to use promo code: Honey to save a $1 off your order!


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A body found in a trash can Monday in an alley in northwest Washington was identified Tuesday as a missing Maryland girl.
Police identified the body as that of Ebony Franklin, 17, of the 4600 block of Pistachio Lane in Capitol Heights, Md.
Franklin's body was found at about 2:30 p.m. Monday in a two-wheel trash can in an alley behind 11th Street at Fairmont Street NW in Columbia Heights in D.C. D.C. Police confirmed that Franklin had several stab wounds on her body when she was found.
Franklin's friends said she spent a lot of time in Columbia Heights because her father lives there. They said they tried to get in contact with her all weekend but couldn't reach her.
Friends said Franklin had attended Northwestern High School in Prince George's County but may have been trying to transfer elsewhere.
Anyone with information should call the police at (202) 727-9099 or 1-888-919-CRIME.