text:
Health checks and coronary risk: further evidence from a randomised controlled trialBMJ 1995; 311 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7020.1609 (Published 16 December 1995) Cite this as: BMJ 1995;311:1609
- P Hanlon, senior lecturer in public healtha,
- J McEwen, professor of public healtha,
- L Carey, senior researcherb,
- H Gilmour, senior lecturer in statisticsa,
- C Tannahill, head of health promotionb,
- A Tannahill, general managerc,
- M Kelly, professor of social sciencesd
- a Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ
- b Health Promotion Department, Greater Glasgow Health Board, Glasgow G2 4JT
- c Health Education Board for Scotland, Edinburgh EH10 4SG
- d University of Greenwich, London, SE9 2HB
- Correspondence to: Dr Hanlon
Objectives:To determine the effectiveness of a health check and assess any particular benefits resulting from feedback of plasma cholesterol concentration or coronary risk score, or both
Design:Randomised controlled trial in two Glasgow work sites
Subjects:1632 employees (89% male) aged 20 to 65 years. Interventions: At the larger work site, (a) health education; (b) health education and feedback on cholesterol concentration; (c) health education and feedback on risk score; (d) health education with feedback on cholesterol concentration and risk score (full health check); (e) no health intervention (internal control). At the other work site there was no health intervention (external control).
Main outcome measuresChanges in Dundee risk score, plasma cholesterol concentration, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and self reported behaviours (smoking, exercise, alcohol intake, and diet) in comparison with internal and external control groups
Results:Comparisons between the full health check and the internal control groups showed a small difference (0.13 mmol/l) in the change in mean cholesterol concentration (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.22, P=0.02) but no significant differences for changes in Dundee risk score (P=0.21), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.71), body mass index (P=0.16), smoking (P=1.00), or exercise (P=0.41). Significant differences between the two groups were detected for changes in self reported consumption of alcohol (41% in group with full health check v 17% in internal control group, P=0.001), fruit and vegetables (24% v 12%, P<0.001), and fat (30% v 9%, P<0.001). Comparison of all groups showed no advantage from feedback of cholesterol concentration or risk score, or both.
Conclusions:The health check only had a small effect on reversible coronary risk. It was effective in influencing self reported alcohol consumption and diet. Feedback on cholesterol concentration and on risk score did not provide additional motivation for a change in behaviour.
Key messages
Feedback on cholesterol concentration or coronary risk had no additional motivating effect on health related behaviour
Self reported changes in behaviour for some things such as alcohol consumption and diet were large
Cholesterol measurement should not be used as a health promotion tool to motivate change in behaviour
From this evidence, health checks have little role in preventing coronary heart disease, but they may help to promote healthy lifestyles
Key messages
We report the findings from a study that was designed to assess the impact of a health check on health related behaviours and risk of coronary heart disease. We also examined the effects of personalised feedback of plasma cholesterol concentration or coronary risk score, or both.
The study was carried out in Glasgow, where mortality from coronary heart disease is 10% above the Scottish average. Scotland has death rates from coronary heart disease that are among the highest in western Europe.1 2 Consequently, within Scotland, the prevention of heart disease is a priority for health3 and research.4 It is also an issue of particular concern for the people of Glasgow.5
Few large scale studies have been carried out to establish the impact of health checks on lifestyle or clinical measures.6 7 8 One early influential study showed that multiphasic screening was not beneficial,9 but the relevance of that study to the current debate is reduced because its emphasis was on screening for early evidence of disease, rather than on health education and the feedback of information to modify behaviour--the thrust of most current health check programmes. The fact that health checks have increasingly been used in a variety of settings without persuasive evidence to support their use has generated considerable debate. A prominent feature of this often heated debate has been controversy about the value of measuring cholesterol concentration. In response to this, in 1989, the King's Fund organised a consensus conference on blood cholesterol measurement and the prevention of coronary heart disease.10 The conference report called for further research into the effectiveness of health checks and for assessment of the motivational impact on subjects of knowing their cholesterol concentration.
The issues addressed by the King's Fund conference had already been the subject of considerable discussion within Glasgow,5 and in 1990 Glasgow's "Good Hearted Glasgow" heart disease prevention programme was identified as a test bed for these issues. We used the health check of the "Good Hearted Glasgow" programme in this study.
Subjects and methods AIMS
This study was established as a randomised controlled trial to answer two questions. Firstly, do health checks modify risk factors for coronary heart disease or other health related behaviours, or both? Secondly, are any particular benefits conferred by personalised feedback of plasma cholesterol concentration or coronary risk score, or both?
The study took place in two work sites in Glasgow. The main intervention site was a large engineering factory that employed just over 2600 people in 1991, when the study started. The other site, which provided the external control group, was an engineering and repair facility with a workforce of 290. Both workforces were predominantly middle aged male blue collar workers (skilled manual workers). Table R1 gives a breakdown of the age and sex distribution of the study samples. Although the proportion of women in the workforce was small, both sexes were included so that the study would reflect the operational realities faced by workplace health check programmes.
In the main intervention site 1600 subjects were randomly selected. Those working permanent night shifts were excluded because of practical difficulties. A total of 1381 subjects accepted the invitation, 10 of whom were excluded because they were participants in another coronary intervention study or were taking lipid lowering agents. Subjects with high plasma cholesterol concentrations (>7.8 mmol/l) or high blood pressure (>160 mm Hg systolic pressure or >100 mm Hg diastolic pressure) were referred to their general practitioner but remained as participants in the study.
We calculated that 200 subjects in each of the study groups would allow a difference in the mean change between any two groups of 0.3 of a standard deviation to be detected with 80% power at the 5% significance level. We selected a slightly larger sample size to allow for non-responders.
At the main intervention site 1371 subjects were allocated, by means of computer generated randomisation, to one of five groups. Each received different information and feedback.
Group 1 received health education without feedback on cholesterol concentration or risk score.
Group 2 received health education with feedback on cholesterol concentration but without feedback on risk score.
Group 3 received health education with feedback on risk score but not on cholesterol concentration.
Group 4 received a full health check: health education with feedback on cholesterol concentration and on risk score.
Group 5 acted as an internal control group, their intervention being delayed.
Two hundred and sixty one subjects from the other workforce acted as the external control group (group 6). Their intervention was also delayed.
All six groups were seen at enrolment (stage I), after five months (stage II), and after 12 months at the completion of the study (stage III). This timetable is illustrated in the figure. A common dataset was collected from participants at each visit. The data comprised sociodemographic data including age, sex, address, general practitioner, education, and occupation or employment; relevant details of family and personal medical history including height, weight, blood pressure (using a random zero sphygmomanometer, measured twice after resting for five minutes), and non-fasting plasma cholesterol concentration for both desk top and laboratory measurement; and health related behaviour including diet, alcohol intake, smoking, and exercise.
To minimise bias in self reported behaviour that might arise from a subject's desire to please an interviewer, data on smoking, drinking, and exercise were collected separately at each stage and replies analysed later for change (rather than asking the subjects for self reported changes).
The health education package was an interview backed up by written information. Each component of the health message and the feedback on risk score and cholesterol concentration was written and rehearsed by the counsellors to ensure consistency of advice. However, issues of most relevance to each subject were emphasised by the counsellors. When group allocation determined that feedback was not to be given on risk score or cholesterol concentration, or both, the counsellor and the subject remained blind to the relevant measurements.
The internal and external control groups were both assessed at stage I but received no health education, feedback, or written information. In this way groups 5 and 6 acted as control groups between stages I and II. We recognised that subjects in group 5 (internal control) were open to influences from colleagues because the messages given to other participants were being freely discussed in the workplace. The external control group did not have these influences. After five months (stage II) groups 5 and 6 were reassessed and provided with a full health check. Although delaying any intervention in these groups until the end of the study would have been advantageous from a scientific perspective, we judged this approach to be impractical as it might have led to poor participation at follow up.
The key baseline characteristics of the study groups were compared using one way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables. The effect of the full health check was assessed by comparing changes over the five months between stages I and II in group 4 (full health check) and group 5 (internal control) and in group 4 and group 6 (external control). Comparisons were made separately with each control group because they came from different locations and a comparison of changes between the two control groups provides an indication of the degree to which the internal control group had taken up the health education messages that were being discussed in the workplace. Results were analysed on the basis of intention to treat, with nonattenders at stage II being deemed to have made no change (table 2). Two sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were used for continuous variables, while χ2 tests were used to compare the number who had made a positive change, no change, or a negative change for categorical variables.
In assessing the interventions and, therefore, the effect of feedback, analysis was carried out on the basis of intention to treat and then, separately, on subjects who had attended all stages (full attenders) (table 2). Changes over time from stages I to II were compared by one way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests, as described above, for categorical variables. Follow up multiple comparisons were used with the Bonferroni correction to determine which groups differed significantly from which others.
The health check computer programme generated a risk score for immediate feedback based on a risk factor algorithm. However, for analytical purposes, and to facilitate comparison with other published studies, we considered it useful to use the more recently developed Dundee risk score as an outcome measure. The Dundee risk score is a well validated method of estimating reversible cardiac risk based on a score that runs from 1.5 to 50 derived from the subject's smoking habit, blood pressure, and blood cholesterol concentration.11
The study design achieved two objectives. Firstly, it created a narrow randomised controlled trial on the basis of intention to treat between group 4 (full health check) and group 5 (internal control) and separately between groups 4 and 6 (external control) over five months (stages I to II). Secondly, it allowed multiple comparisons between all the study groups to assess the impact of components of the health check including feedback of cholesterol concentration. This paper concentrates on these two issues between stages I and II. Changes in the workforce as a whole over a longer follow up period (until stage III) will be reported elsewhere.
There were no significant differences between study groups in key baseline measurements at stage I.
Tables 3 and 4 summarise the comparison of 263 subjects in group 4 (full health check) and 233 subjects in group 5 (internal control) between stages I and II. The analysis was conducted on the basis of intention to treat. Changes in clinical measurements (plasma cholesterol concentration, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index) were small. Although small, the change in mean cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in group 4 (0.16 mmol/l) than in group 5 (0.03 mmol/l) (difference in change 0.13 mmol/l (95% confidence interval for difference in change 0.02 to 0.22), P=0.02). There were no significant differences between the two groups for changes in Dundee risk score (P=0.21), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.71), or body mass index (P=0.16).
Changes in the prevalence of smoking were small and showed no significant difference between the groups (P=1.00) (table 4). Changes in reported exercise were large, but the proportion of participants who reported exercising less than 20 minutes aerobically three times a week at stage I who had increased above this level by stage II were similar in both groups (42% in group 4 and 37% in group 5, P=0.41). Changes in self reported alcohol consumption were large and showed significant differences between groups. Of those at stage I who were drinking above recommended limits (21 units weekly for men and 14 units weekly for women), 41% in group 4 and 17% in group 5 reduced alcohol consumption (P=0.001). All participants made some improvement in their diet. Significant differences were found for self reported increases in the consumption of fruit and vegetables (24% v 12%, difference 13% (6.2% to 19.2%), P<0.001) and self reported reductions in consumption of fat (30% v 9%, difference 21% (13.9% to 27.3%), P<0.001).
Tables 5 and 6 show the comparable set of results for group 4 (full health check) and 261 subjects in group 6 (external control). The pattern of results in tables 5 and 6 is similar to that in tables 3 and 4. In tables 5 and 6, however, the difference in mean change in Dundee risk score is significant (0.28 (-0.01 to 0.58), P=0.05), the difference in proportion increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is not significant (5.5%; P=0.12), and the difference in proportions increasing fibre consumption is significant (6.4% (1.0 to 11.8), P=0.02).
There were no differences between groups to suggest that feedback of cholesterol concentration or risk score had additional impact on any of the outcomes. All six groups were compared with each other to assess their impact on each outcome measure. To isolate the effect of feedback of cholesterol concentration we paid particular attention to detecting differences between group 1 (health education only) and group 2 (health education and cholesterol feedback) and between group 3 (health education and feedback on risk score but not cholesterol concentration) and group 4 (full health check). In the same way, we compared groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 to identify any additional benefits from feedback of risk score. Analysis was carried out on the basis of intention to treat, to determine the impact of feedback, and on full attenders, to maximise sensitivity to any effect of feedback.
Some differences were detected between the intervention groups and the control groups. For several categories of self reported dietary behaviour (table 7) each of the four intervention groups (groups 1-4) showed greater improvements than the internal control group (group 5). All four intervention groups reduced fat consumption significantly better than the internal control group. The differences between groups 5 and 2 were also significant for increases in fibre consumption and between group 5 and groups 2 and 4 for increase in fruit and vegetable consumption (P<0.005 in each case).
Group 4 showed an improvement in self reported alcohol consumption that was significantly larger than that in group 5 (P=0.001). None of these differences in outcomes, however, showed an enhanced effect from feedback of cholesterol concentration or risk score.
This study showed no convincing additional benefit from feedback of cholesterol concentration or risk score. The King's Fund consensus conference on blood cholesterol measurement had called for research into this issue because knowledge of cholesterol concentration might help in motivating subjects to change their health related behaviour.10 Whatever the intuitive appeal of this argument, our results do not support it. We analysed data on the basis of intention to treat and on full attenders separately. This ensured that we could estimate the potential operational effectiveness of feedback and measure any benefit as sensitively as possible. Despite this, there was no significant enhancement of any outcome measure in groups that received feedback of cholesterol concentration.
The full health check seems to have been effective in motivating health related behaviour change--for example, in self reported alcohol consumption and diet. However, we found no effect on Dundee risk score, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, or smoking. The fall in mean plasma cholesterol concentration was significant but small in absolute terms. It is difficult to judge the validity of this fairly large change in some self reported behaviours. The fall in cigarette smoking was small, but over 40% of those drinking above recommended levels at the beginning of the study reported reductions in their intake. Responses to questions about food consumption indicated considerable increases in consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables, and fibre. Also, changes in self reported exercise activity were high in intervention and control groups (about 40% overall).
These changes in self reported behaviour must be interpreted with caution, not least because they were not confirmed by external measurements. For example, although self reported changes in diet were large, reductions in mean cholesterol concentration were small and the mean body mass index showed a slight increase. Changes in all forms of self reported behaviour are open to bias, particularly by the subject's desire to please the interviewer. None the less, some aspects of the study design strengthen the reliability of the findings on behaviour change. Data on smoking, drinking, and exercise (but not diet) were collected separately at each stage and replies analysed later for change (rather than asking the subjects for self reported changes). Another strength was the inclusion of two control groups, the second from a different location. The similarity in results between the internal and external control groups strengthens confidence in changes in the intervention group and also suggests that members of the internal control group were not excessively influenced by colleagues who had been given health education.
The findings of this workplace based study are in line with recent primary care based studies. The family heart health study12 and the OXCHECK study13 both showed that nurse led programmes to prevent coronary heart disease in primary care produce some modification in behaviour and coronary risk factors. A longer term follow up of the population in the OXCHECK study showed that these benefits were sustained over three years.14 Both sets of authors and others15 have, however, questioned whether these effects are sufficiently large to justify the effort and cost required.
Our results suggest that health checks in workplaces may influence a variety of health related behaviours without affecting more objective measures of the risk of coronary heart disease. They also add weight to the argument against cholesterol measurement as a factor in motivating behaviour change. Health checks may have a role in individualised health education to encourage healthy lifestyles as part of a broader health promotion strategy. None the less, these potential benefits must be weighed against their cost in relation to other priorities.
We thank Patricia Meldrum, Jean Hunter, Mary McLaren, Margaret Heggie, Margaret McGranachan, John Abbott, Robert Hoskins, Chris Packard, and Ewan Macdonald for their help. We thank the management and staff of Rolls Royce (Hillington) and British Rail Maintenance (Springburn) for their cooperation.
Funding: Scottish Chief Scientist Office.
Conflict of interest: None.
Funding Scottish Chief Scientist Office.
Conflict of interest None.


text:
Love is lost
In a tale tossed.
Swept aside
By fear and pride.
Turned away
By yesterday.
But one thing's right,
They never hide.
So if you're feeling that it's just too much
Then take a breath and hold on tight,
Because love is light
If it's right.
The feeling soared
They wanted more
The time is right
They both felt inside
They didn't know
Just where to go
But one thing's right
They never hide
If you don't learn this time
I'm going to
Teach you how I know you could
Be until you understood.
It takes time for love to settle down
And I know it will this time,
But not for now so close your eyes.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The "3rd National FPGA Design Competition 2018" has been concluded with the grand success today at Kathford Int'l College of Engineering and Management, Balkumari, Lalitpur. The competition was jointly organized by Kathford Int'l College of Engineering and Management, Digitronix Nepal Pvt. Ltd and LogicTronix.
The main objective of the competition is to promote electronic hardware design based on FPGA [An Reconfigurable Chip Technology] in Nepal. This Competition is the continuation of the "Second All Nepal FPGA Design Competition 2017" which was held on July 15, 2017 at Kathford Intl' College of Engineering and Management and "First FPGA Design Competition 2016" held at July 2. 2016 at IOE Pulchowk Campus.
FPGA, a short form for Field Programmable Gate Array, is a programmable chips technology widely used in hardware systems such as mobile phones, cars to applications in space missions. The FPGA technology is fast becoming one of the market leaders in hardware system design around the world. The world's top universities such as Harvard, MIT and Stanford have a very large scale research group doing their research based on FPGA. The competition hopes to lay a foundation of FPGA research in Nepal by enhancing the FPGA application development skills and encouraging engineering students to do their projects on FPGA.
In the competition the total participant teams are 10, the winner of this contest is Arjun Neupane from Nepal Engineering College with project – "16-bit Microprocessor Design, Simulation and Implementation", was awarded a cash prize of NRs. 15,000. The first runner-up, Ms. Shweta Chaudhary, Kala Raut and Ichchha Rauniyar from Khwopa Engineering Campus with the project traffic light design and prototype for Baneshowr Chowk, and the second runner-up, Mr. Subash Pandey from IOE Thapathali Campus with the project Vehicle Number Plate Recognition, received Rs. 7,000 and Rs. 4000 respectively. The award winners will also get an opportunity to receive training on Xilinx Zynq FPGA development board and Internship on FPGA research and development at Digitronix Nepal. The competition also get request from the international participant's from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-India & some university students from USA, in the upcoming competition organizer will also include those international request for the participation on FPGA Design Competition.
An advisor of this event Mr. Deepesh Man Shakya, a Xilinx FPGA Engineer said this 3rd edition of FPGA Design Competition is a major milestone in introducing and enhancing FPGA education in Nepal and provide a platform for creating FPGA based research and development centers. Mr. Shakya said such initiatives could potentially turn into a design house providing hi-tech engineering jobs to many aspiring engineers within the country.
Dr. Madhusudan Kayastha , Principal of Kathford International College of Engineering and Management suggested to participant for preparing research papers and articles which will help then for further courier. The co-ordinator of this competition Mr. Krishna Gaihre from Digitronix Nepal & LogicTronix said that there has been a huge interest from engineering colleges and students towards FPGA Research and Development. Digitronix Nepal is currently focused on training, research and development of hardware designs based on FPGA. Digitronix Nepal also believes that within few years it will be create 10s of opportunities for Nepalese Engineering Graduates on the field of FPGA Design & VLSI Design.
The chief guest at the event Prof. Dr. Dinesh Kumar Sharma from IOE Pulchowk Campus lauded the event organizers and supporters for the effort they have put and also expressed his support in adopting FPGA in the mainstream engineering courses and help develop FPGA research environment in engineering colleges in Nepal.


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8 Tough Old Guys Who Took Public Revenge
Old men are a dying breed. And one of the most noteworthy things about some of the most badass old men in Internet and crazy news report history is that they don't take no sh*t. So, here are eight stories (and videos, when available) of old guys getting revenge on people either trying to screw with them or people who are just being horrible members of society. You can get away with anything if you're old, even being an awesome vigilante for truth, justice, and minding your f*cking manners.Who are the eight grumpy old men who channeled Clint Eastwood in Gran Torino? There are a few good ones on here, and their antics may make you laugh or cringe, especially since they were handled in public like they were.
People pay a lot of money for seats at the U.S. Open, and some people even have money riding on the game, and sometimes, like in the case of this young Guido, that gives them a sense of entitlement.
Take, for instance, this douche who forced a 75-year-old man out of his seat at a September 2010 match.
During the eighth game of the first set at the Arthur Ashe Stadium, a young fan was being obnoxious and though dozens of people were muttering and telling him to shut up, it took an old courageous man to stand up, grab the young whipper snapper, and hit the guy in face to calm him down. Spare the rod, spoil the supposed-adult.
With people screaming in the background, the embedded video shows the man and boy toppling down some rows and security rushing to the scene. Then, all the so-called "men" come running in and beating the kid up.
Yeah, great timing guys. Had to get a grandpa all worked up and injured before giving yourselves the green light? P*ssies.
The old man, his daughter (who argued and slapped the boy during their altercation, which is awesome) and the rude fan were all handcuffed and taken off the premises. Later it was reported that the old man was seen sitting in a wheelchair while being interviewed by NYPD policemen.
Old dudes don't give a f*ck. They go down fighting like Jean Claude Van Damme.BEST PART: The cocky kid says "what are you gonna do? What are you gonna do? I could take twenty of those!" when apparently he couldn't even take one.
This guy was sick of this woman's sh*t.
Sometimes, the only way to get your point across is to fling some poop at someone's face.
That's exactly what one old Polish man did when a woman did not pick up after her pooch, which really, is just common courtesy and, in some places, the law. So he decided to fight back for great justice, for society, and for anyone who's ever been happily walking down the street or on their way to a party and then accidentally stepped in some inconsiderate jerk's dog poop.
Some spectators recorded the man confronting the woman on the street, steadily walking towards her with each raging insult. He points to the poop and then walks over to it, picks it up, and throws it at the woman.
Meanwhile, the woman is wildly flailing her arms in the air, trying to block the poop flying her way instead of running (which really, doesn't occur to as many people as it should in these situations.)
The man decides to attack her again and picks up the poop a second time and flings it right at her successfully. All this is done in a hilariously slow tempo, with the woman backing away in small steps and the man inching his way forward.In the end, the woman not only gets publicly humiliated, but she steps on the dirty mound afterwards too. See her misstep at 0:23. Ultimate. Defeat.
A sprightly young guy thinks he's the sh*t, sees an old guy and starts taunting him. If this were a horror movie, the old guy would be a secret demon-thing, and this guy would be dead before the opening credits even rolled. After a bit, this young piece of crap actually goes up to the old man, shakes him, and even tries punching him.
With the Shaolin patience of a monk, the old man fixes his hat.
... And then accepts the moron's challenge.
They both get their 20s style boxing fisticuffs out, but it's really no match. Even with his throat clenched, the old man socks the young dude in the face and brings him to the ground.The best part is when the old man goes up to the guy on the ground, pretends to check up on him and *bam* finishes him off Mortal Kombat style. We always knew Fujin was the best player of the game to begin with.
Tom Slicks, or Thomas Bruso, is regarded as a hero for standing up for himself on an AC Transit Bus.
He was an Internet sensation in 2009, and he did fight back after wrongfully being called a racist on a crowded bus.
The 67-year-old man was accused of racism when an young African American overheard him saying he was going to have someone shine his shoes. The young African American man automatically assumed Slicks was talking about a black person and got defensive to the point of being violently confrontational.
At the same time, Bruso also got defensive, claiming that he wasn't being race-specific at all and didn't like the guy's hostile attitude.
When the guy threatened Slicks and pulled out a knife, well, things then got a bit crazy and Bruso, aka "Epic Beard Man," delivered the smackdown that made him Internet famous and gave him his nickname.
In the end, Bruso pounded the guy and he was left bleeding on the bus floor. Meanwhile, EBM was overtaken by the spirit of Hulk Hogan himself and continued to be epic, screaming at the top of his lungs and breathing fire through his nostrils. He later rode a dragon to safety. Okay, part of that didn't actually happen.
Anyway, it turns out the guy is kind of a tragic, and somewhat inspiring figure. He inspires you to want to be a better person, to appreciate your life for what it is and to thank your lucky stars that you're not him.
Here's a documentary on the man where they go deep into his history with his father and how he was beaten as a child. His mother was sent to a mental ward after putting him in the oven when he was just an Epic Beard Toddler and his father got custody. After that he fought his entire life, got kicked out of school, went from school to school, landed in a psych ward alongside Ed Gein (the real-life Leatherface), and eventually joined the army.
He's a man who has led an epic life, so the fact that he took all that history and wanted to keep himself composed until he was absolutely provoked, is actually quite admirable.
Here's the short documentary on Epic Beard Man called, fittingly, "I Am A Motherf*cker" (after what it said on the back of his shirt during the original bus incident and yes, he was wearing a shirt with those words written on it... the other guy should've known you don't f*ck with guys who wear shirts like that.)


text:
Garcia Peoples: October 24, 2019 Nublu 151
6 days ago
Photo by Mick Arieta
Start the set off with a staple of any good set with a little extra improv of MJ. I think The Floor and the segue into it really set the feeling for the entire set.
Glory is a piece of perfect music in my book, and wedged between a funky Ringo was well placed
Um, yeah... are you F'in kidding me?!?! One of the best segments of any album of all time absolutely NAILED! I'm convinced Umphrey's can cover any song to a T.
I've been chasing 2x2 for a long time, so this one made me happy. Mantis was phenomenal and the obligatory ending to Divisions sealed it.
The live concert-taping subculture
No more than two dozen patrons have filed into the upstairs concert hall of Montreal's La Sala Rosa for an evening of live jazz. Among the dedicated few sits Mark Crawford, a beer in his right hand and a focussed yet unassuming countenance on his face. Positioned front and centre, Mark is preparing a medium-sized microphone stand that is wired through a pre-amplifier, digital to analog converter, and power supply into his digital recorder. Mark will leave the show with a personal recording of the performance.
Mark is a member of the small-yet-vigilant Montreal "taper" scene. He has been trading live concert recordings since the late eighties and has recorded performances at Metropolis, Le National, and Le Divan Orange, among other venues in Montreal and across North America. He claims that the Salle Wilfred-Pelletier theatre at Place des Arts has the best acoustics in the city.
"I have a need to hear bands evolve, a need to hear the bands I like explore," Crawford says.
A taper profile
The tapers comprise a subculture of music fandom. A mix of obsessive-compulsive music documenters, former party animals, tape collectors, and hobbyists, it's difficult to pin down the taper subculture to a single personality type. The lowest common denominator is simply a true love for music.
Most tapers arrive at the show early enough to be the first admitted, gear in hand and mind focussed on constructing their rig. While the band is finishing its sound check, the tapers are busy searching for the room's "sweet spot," assembling and stabilizing their microphone stands, clamping and connecting cables, and making sure their recorders are fully charged for show time.
A taper might invest over $10,000 in equipment. A set of high-end Schoeps or Neumann brand microphones cost about $5,000 alone. Factor in preamplifiers running as much as $6,000, digital recorders for up to $2,000, digital to analogue converters, power supplies, cases, cables, and clamps, and most tapers have gear valued around the price of a well-running used car. Some, like California-based taper Ian Stone, have gone as far as running their own private server.
"I was going to Rochester Institute of Technology in New York and I had just gotten a new computer. I had a T1 Internet connection in my dorm room, so I took advantage of it," says Stone.
The tape collections range into the thousands, often consisting of several hundred recordings documenting a taper's favorite acts. Crawford estimates that he owns between 600 and 800 recordings of the recently reunited improvisational rock band Phish alone.
"There are some people that don't care if they tape the show, because they are happy playing their CD 50 times in a row and waiting until next year to hopefully see the band again," says Crawford.
The word "dedication" as a description is an understatement. New York-based taper Ray Ackerman recalls a stealth taping experience that required some smooth talking and a disguise. The show was a 1985 Neil Young concert at the Rochester War Memorial, a minor league hockey arena in upstate New York.
"I basically dressed up like I worked for a television station to get my equipment in," says Ackerman, who has taped every concert that he has attended since 1983. "I quick-talked the person at the door and they let me come in with this giant hard shell case with all of my recording equipment in it, and then I set up my stuff from my seat to record the concert."
A document of everyday life
Speak with any taper who has been at it for more than 20 years and odds are they will tell you that it all goes back to one band - The Grateful Dead. Although the Dead allowed its nomadic fan base to record as early as the mid-sixties, on October 27, 1984, the band officially created a special area of the audience known as "the tapers' section." Generally positioned adjacent to or behind the soundboard, from this point on tapers could freely transport and set up their rigs without hassle from venue security. As a result, taping emerged from the shadows and into the public eye.
"[The Deadheads] were really the hardcore music fans," says Ackerman. "The Grateful Dead were really one of the only bands back then that were constantly improvising so that every show was different."
These recordings provided free publicity for the band, as well as a method for fans to document the show. It was a way not only to collect, compare, and share the music, but also to revisit the concert experience from the night before.
So it should come as no surprise that a taper will opt for an audience tape over a doctored soundboard recording without question.
"There is something about a good audience tape that makes the perspective a lot better. You get a less sterile, more venue-oriented sound," says Crawford. "You can get it in your mind exactly where the mics are in the room. You actually know how the sound is bouncing off the seats; you get the whole feeling of how the sound was in the venue - more of the way that it is supposed to be portrayed. The whole recording idea is to capture the show exactly as your human ear would capture it - it's getting exactly what the band is trying to throw out into the particular room."
The tapes provide more than just the music. The listener can gauge the audience's energy and other sounds that are normally undetected by a soundboard recording.
"It's cool getting the ambiance in the room - hearing the tinkle of the bar glasses or hearing people slam the door, or playing pool in the background. You get more of a feeling or picture of what the night was other than just the sound," says Crawford.
A community culture
While the technical jargon can be daunting, the taper section is a tightly knit community within music fandom that looks out for one another and is generally willing to lend a helping hand to the "newbies."
Before making a major investment, most tapers learn the hobby by purchasing only the recorder and "patching in" - a practice where one taper, most likely the most experienced and invested, allows other tapers to patch in to their microphone rig. This creates a chain of recorders all stemming from the single microphone configuration. Tapers must beware, however, because if one battery in the chain dies, all of those following it also lose their connection.
"For the most part, everyone knows each other … we are all in it together - we are all going to protect the gear together and keep the drunks away," says Stone, who by his own modest estimation has taped approximately 2,500 sets of live music. "It's a bonding thing - you can talk about the gear that you have and say 'Oh hey, I think I saw you at this show or that show.' It's kind of a hidden connection that we all share."
Even with the community-oriented attitude, taping still benefits from healthy rivalries.
"It's more or less friendly competition, but we are all trying to make the best recording," says Crawford. "Sometimes we tease each other like 'Oh man, your recording was a little left channel heavy, what the fuck are you doing?' But that comes with the territory. Most of the time it's all for fun."
A hazardous hobby
Safety is always a concern in the taper's section. With several thousand dollars worth of equipment set up in the middle of 20,000 dancing fans, the tapers watch protectively over their gear.
On the jamband scene, this means looking out for the Wookies - a Star Wars reference affectionately reserved for dreadlock-sporting neo-hippies with a striking resemblance to Chewbacca. An umbrella will stop the rain, but sometimes nothing can stop a Wookie.
"Wooks are always the ones that want to do the most damage and they will be the most ambivalent to what you are doing," Crawford says. "They are so spun out that they won't realize what the hell is going on."
Most tapers have their share of horror stories. They offer tales of 10-foot microphone stands and several thousand-dollar pieces of equipment that come crashing down from above into a puddle of mud, spilling entire recording decks across the ground.
So a good taper can't go far without a flashlight. Tapers shine a light on the gear to let passersby know they are there in order to avoid catastrophe.
The golden rule
The tapers know that recording the shows is a privilege. Therefore, there is one sacred rule that trumps all others in the taping world: tapers do not profit monetarily from any of their personal recordings. Respect the band's wishes and the band will help accommodate you.
"I think that most of the bands that allow taping do so with the implication that people are not going to sell it or profit off it in any way," says Stone. "And that's an important thing to think about - tapers out there do this for non-monetary gain. They do it because they like it. They share it with others because they are generous and they like the bands enough that they want to help promote them."
As a result, tapes are traded or offered to others simply as a gift. Today many tapers will put their recordings up for download on websites such as archive.org or etree.org, but there was a time when tapers would connect exclusively through the mail, arranging trades at concerts or by responding to want advertisements in the back of fan magazines.
Crawford remembers when his wife arrived at work one morning to find several Grateful Dead tapes in her desk, a kind gesture from her boss after he noticed the Grateful Dead tattoo on her leg. "A couple shows from Santa Barbara in '78 - a really smokin' soundboard version on cassette," recalls Crawford.
Eric Kushmeder, a taper from Western Pennsylvania who records mostly bar bands, tells people to e-mail him and he'll send the recording, free of charge.
"Most of the time they don't even get back to you," says Kushmeder. "But if they do, I say, 'Hey, give me an address, I'll send you a couple disks in the mail, on my dime.' Two dollars worth of CD-R and postage - it goes a long way to put a smile on somebody's face - to know that they are going to enjoy listening to that show."
With the free trade emphasis, the word "bootleg" has become the most dreaded term in the taper's vocabulary. An expression that originally surfaced during the American prohibition to describe how one might smuggle liquor by strapping it to their "boot leg," bootlegging indicates that the recordings are illegal and being sold for a profit.
A real change
On February 4, 2008, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, and Mickey Hart, three surviving members of the Grateful Dead, reunited for a show at the Warfield in San Francisco to support then Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama. Ian Stone taped that show, and a few weeks after uploading it to the archive.org, found that over 100,000 people downloaded it.
HeadCount, a voter-registration organization focussed on mobilizing fans of live music, came to mind as a potential outlet for putting the new found exposure to good use.
"I just started thinking about the possibilities and HeadCount is an organization in our scene - they didn't have any download service - so wouldn't it be cool if 100,000 people were going to HeadCount's website, and what if 50,000 of them registered to vote because of this one show?"
After using some connections and pitching his idea, Stone has since become the official HeadCount taper, with responsibilities that include maintaining a blog and offering free monthly recordings to registered HeadCount members - compliments of his personal collection.
A final encore
"There is no profit in it - there is no fame in it," says Stone. "So regardless of whether 100 people download it or 1,000 people download it, those tapers will still be there doing their thing."
For the tapers, everything about the practice always returns to the music. In a music world of major record labels and high-powered management, the tapers exist in an industry grey area by supporting the bands through unconventional means.
It makes no difference if the recording is of an international touring act or a bar band that may never leave its home city. If the music sounds good, the tapers believe that it is important to document and share it.
"I see nothing but good coming from getting the music out there," says Crawford. "It is important for our culture to have memories of what has been produced and the better parts of our culture are song, dance, and music."


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If you're at all like me, you've had a love/hate relationship with flippers as long as you've been swimming.
When your arms simply won't pull another stroke and you're feeling sluggish in the water, there is no greater feeling than to don a pair of flippers and give yourself a boost.
However, if you're not much of a natural kicker, or if your legs are weary from that cycling or running workout you just did, then zooming through the water using a pair of fins can be excruciatingly challenging (which makes for a terrific workout, if not a necessarily pleasant experience!).
Regardless of your predisposition toward using them, fins do provide certain benefits that should not be ignored. Most basically, a training fin provides added resistance without overloading muscle joints and tendons in the upper body. Flippers also increase leg strength and aerobic capacity while correcting certain stroke elements.
I'm not much of a natural kicker, myself. I am also one of those distance-oriented swimmers who is reluctant to incorporate kicking into my swim workouts because I feel like it either makes things easier or tends to slow things down, and I'd rather use my pool time to cram in the maximum amount of swimming yardage.
But I recently discovered a newfound appreciation for fin-oriented workouts, in no small part due to the benefits of the Hydro Training Finz.
Developed four years ago by Don McCredie, a former Australian National Body Surfing Champion, Hydrofinz feature a patented split rail or V-channel edge design. This conceptual feature acts as an "I-beam" support along the length of the fin, and serves to maintain the shape of the fin blade while generating even thrust in both directions of the kick.
Contrary to traditional full-length fins, Hydrofinz force a swimmer to work the hamstring muscles in the back thrust of the kick the part of the kick that is usually ignored or given short thrift. In addition, the fin design ensures that the center of effort remains at the foot rather than allowing the swimmer to incorrectly distribute that effort throughout the entire leg. Because of this, proper kicking technique is enforced.
Hydrofinz vs. Zoomers
Fin junkies may be most familiar with Zoomers, the ubiquitous red flippers found on many pool decks today. Indeed, I was part of the guinea pig crew in the early '90s that tried and tested Marty Hull's early Zoomer prototypes. While I have used and benefited from Zoomers, comparing them to Hydrofinz is like comparing apples to oranges.
Zoomers are designed to encourage automatic kicking, with the feet making small, fast movements. They are most effective when sprinting. Hydrofinz worked best for me during lengthy sets or kicking drills, where they really work the leg muscles (hamstrings, thighs and glutes).
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The billionaire made the headline-grabbing promise to Donald Trump at Trump tower last year as Beijing worked to woo the newly elected president, known for his antagonistic views on China's economic policies.
But as Washington and Beijing play chicken over trade, Ma said China's largest online shopping portal might not be able to deliver.
Speaking at the Boao Forum -- dubbed the Asian Davos -- Ma said that "if China and the US maintain good trade relations, providing 1 million jobs to the US is absolutely no problem, we can even provide 10 million jobs," according to the state-owned People's Daily.
"But, if there is no trade with China, there are also no million jobs," he added.
The comments followed a speech by Chinese President Xi Jinping at the forum's opening ceremony, where the leader vowed to further open China's economy to foreign investment and products, key demands of the Trump administration.
Tit-for-tat tariffs and mutual threats of more levies on hundreds of billions of dollars worth of products between Beijing and Washington have raised fears of a trade war that could lacerate the global economy.
Ma's firm has already had first-hand experience of the US's cooling enthusiasm towards China.
In March, Alibaba affiliate Ant Financial was forced to abandon a $1.2 billion deal to buy US remittances firm MoneyGram after failing to get approval from regulators in Washington.


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A Master's Degree in cookery is NOT necessary – slow cookers are so easy to use.
The combination of the above points will make cheaper, tasty cooking easy and a win-win situation. An investment in a slow cooker is highly recommended.
One minor drawback: If you are cooking a sausage casserole, chilli con carne or any meat dish it is advisable to either brown the sausages slightly under the grill or pre-fry the mince. Otherwise the meat content of your dish will have an anaemic look. Chicken pieces do not need browning.
To compensate: When supermarkets are offering cheap chickens, these can be roasted in a slow cooker. Just pop a whole chicken into the cooker which has been greased with olive oil, put an apple cut in two in the body cavity, rub the outer skin with a skinned garlic clove or a stock cube dissolved in a small amount of olive oil. Put the lid on the cooker and cook for 8 hours. Done. More slow cooker wisdom.
Chilli con Carne.
Cook 500g. (1 lb.) mince in a frying pan with a little cooking oil to brown.
Drain the meat and place in a slow cooker together with chopped onions, a green pepper also chopped garlic, chilli powder to taste, tin of chopped tomatoes, tin kidney beans, 1 beef stock cube dissolved in ½ pint warm water and anything else you might fancy.
Make sure the ingredients are covered in the stock.
Leave to cook for 8 hours (or according to your cooker setting) and serve with cooked rice.
Chicken Noodle Soup.
Place three chicken breasts, 1 chicken stock cube dissolved in 6 cups water, 1 clove garlic finely chopped, the outer stalks of a celery head chopped into bite sized pieces. Cook for 6 hours. Remove the chicken breasts from the cooker. Discard the skin and shred the flesh into bite sized pieces. Return to cooker, add noodles. Increase the heat to high and cook for about 30 mins. A small can of sweet corn can also be added at this stage. Serve when the noodles are done.
Sausage Casserole.
Brown the sausages either under the grill (best) or in a frying pan. Place in slow cooker along with a tin of chipped tomatoes, sliced onions, thinly sliced carrots and anything else you might fancy. Add either a stock cube or gravy granules dissolved in 2 cups boiling water. Make sure the sausages are covered in liquid.
Cook for 8 hours.
Filling Beef Stew.
This recipe is meant to be a filler so add plenty of chopped veg. Carrots, onions, swedes, parsnips, leeks – or any other veg. that you fancy. Pearl barley is excellent, filling and tasty because it absorbs the flavour and colour of the gravy.
Put two tablespoons oil into a bowl, tip in a packet of stewing beef (cheap cut) and coat with the oil. In a separate bowl put 1 heaped tablespoon flour seasoned with salt and pepper. Transfer the greased meat, mix around to coat the meat in flour. Brown this meat in little oil a frying pan for about 10 minutes. Add to the cooker. Mix gravy powder in sufficient boiling water to cover the meat and vegetables in the cooker. Cook for 6 hours.
If you are having a barbecue use your slow cooker to warm tinned soup. More slow cooker wisdom.
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If you still need help with anything else about doing a Houston apartment search feel free to e-mail us or call us at (800) 900-1450.
Q. How do I start my apartment search in Houston with A1?
A. Simply fill out our on-line search form or call us at (800) 900-1450. Within minutes one of our Houston apartment search agents will fax, call, or email you with your customized Houston apartment search results
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A. A1 Apartment locators has access to a database of over 2500Houston apartment communities and the surrounding areas. We offer personalized service that will meet all your lifestyle needs.
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Q. Do you only search apartments?
A. No, A1 can help you locate the perfect condo, hi-rise, or town home, if you do not want an apartment for rent in Houston, Texas!


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Our professional makeup artist & hair stylist makes you feel fabulous and look fantastic, she will stay with you to help you throughout your shoot. We edit your best shots and add a little magic to them before you return for your VIP Viewing.
We also offer personalised Boudoir Photography Gift Vouchers from JUST £19.95 As Perfect Presents
You'll soon be totally at ease and you will have the entire studio to yourself so we can focus entirely on YOU. Book this empowering and special photo session today.
Boudoir Photography Midlands
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We offer Top Quality Boudoir Photography at our relaxed, friendly and professional boudoir photography studio in Kidderminster Worcestershire.
We have a fabulous professional makeup artist and hairstylist, you have a wide choice of Sensual and Sexy Boudoir Photography, Classical Boudoir & Soft and Sensual portraits. We can also shoot in Contemporary Glamour, Topless, and Fine Art Nude Styles. Your Makeup artist will stay with you through your shoot helping you with styling and posing. We do everything we can to make it a simple, fun and enjoyable experience.
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Phoenix III
Accuracy and reliability. Exactitud y cumplimiento.
United States
This team was created for our mutual benefit. As a team we can undertake your major project apportion it among ourselves and see it through, from start to finish. As linguists, we can benefit by working together and sharing the responsibility. This can result in substantial savings to you the agency, since you do not have to deal with several linguists with different styles and several proofreaders. One team of linguists at your service.
We translate Spanish in all variants and English in all variants.
We translate Spanish in all variants and English in all variants.
Team language pairs 2
- English to Spanish
- Spanish to English
Team leader
Phoenix III
True words...
United States
Team members 2


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Will travel 35 miles
$65 per hour.
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I am qualified to teach Adobe InDesign because I have been using every version update of the software to the advanced level since it was first released, and PageMaker before that. I keep current with all updates and I currently teach InDesign to corporate clients several times per month. I teach using hand-on labs in which students create usable documents that they can then export for print or digital distribution. I am an innovative trainer and facilitator with over 18 years? experience teaching a wide range of software and professional skills. An effective communicator with a truly interacti [more]


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IT'S the start of a new term, and as hordes of children return to school, spare a thought for our students heading off to college and university.
Saddled with tuition fees and student loans, they'll also have to cough up £135 for a TV licence too.
It's an issue that has brought some sharp comments around the newsroom, with tales of TV inspectors raiding halls of residence in their hunt to track down the licence dodgers.
For many parents it's an additional cost they'll have to bear.
The licence issue even extends to computers capable of receiving TV programmes.
It means that in a house with separate accommodation for students, each one will need a licence for their TV whilst in a normal household, one licence covers any number of sets.
Some might say that, in relation to what a student may spend on alcohol in a year, £135 isn't that much, but it's another burden on youngsters most of whom will be graduating with debts of tens of thousands of pounds.
And if that wasn't enough, it's not as if most of the programmes are worth watching anyway.
Ross Crawford.


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Fitness buffs, gym rats, and all those blessed athletic people do not really have to worry so much about their weight, right?
But the fact of the matter is, everybody — even those people — are looking for a way to be fitter and weigh a bit less than they currently do, especially after the holidays (when it's hard to break from the tradition of pigging out while in the company of family and friends) or when there's a special event coming up and looking exceptionally good is required.
The problem, however, is that for active women, losing a bit more than their current healthy weight is like stretching the limit.
A lot of women actually resort to unhealthy habits such as following extreme diets (like the one-meal-a-day diet, or the all-lettuce diet) and even working out more.
Extreme diets are never good, especially for people who are heavily into sports and working out; they have a reverse effect, too – they tend to create stronger cravings, which then makes the process even much harder.
Therefore, if there really is the need to shed a couple or several more pounds, ditch those crazy diets!
Discover the healthy methods that have been proven effective by fitness and health experts.
So, you need to lose more weight, huh?
Here are 5 healthy weight loss tips for active people that you can try, which can help bring your closer to your target dress size and weight…
1. Mix up your workout.
If you like to focus on cardio exercises, they sure do keep your heart healthy, but will do very little in blasting those extra pounds. Add more strength training exercises to your workout and even new exercises to prevent your body from becoming too familiar with the routine – you'll definitely see your weight go down.
2. Find a workout buddy.
It's much easier to commit to a more intense workout if you're doing it with a friend or loved one who understands and wants to support your goal.
3. Be even more active.
Turn every dull moment into an opportunity to get your blood pumping – dance, wiggle your hips, do standing crunches while waiting for your order at Starbucks to be served. These little things you incorporate to your day can make a big difference.
4. Change your snacks.
If you're still prone to eating potato chips, cookies and cakes, opt for high-fiber spicy popcorn instead, or sunflower seeds, or almonds. They're healthier and they're the best snacks for people who want to lose weight and deal with cravings.
5. Buy slightly smaller workout clothes that do not have a lot of "give."
This is a trick shared by some personal trainers – the clothes feel snug at first but they will help you monitor if you're really losing weight.
If the fit becomes comfortable or loose over time, you know you've lost weight.
It's much better to gauge weight loss by the way your clothes fit than through the numbers on the scale since muscles are denser than fat.
Discover the healthy methods that have been proven effective by fitness and health experts


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Myth of the Silk Road
13 September 2014
Labels: Gilgit–Baltistan, Historic Myths, Northern Pakistan, Silk Road
posted by Salman Rashid @ 00:00,
7 Comments:
- At 13 September 2014 at 09:26, said...
As I suspected in Part I, it comes from a 'Derwesh' (verified from the picture in this part). Indightful and referencing it is, loved it. Those beautiful names do induce a heartache, I might be exploring one day, who knows.
- At 13 September 2014 at 11:39, Amardeep Singh said...
Salman Ji, what is your view.... Did Nubra Valley (now in India) falls on a Silk route or any other trade route from China. I ask because we find Bactrian camels (not native of the sub-continent) in this valley. Please refer my piece here. I would like to hear your views on this region being on the trade route as is reflected by the presence of these mongolian camels. http://amardeepphotography.com/humps-of-nubra/
- At 13 September 2014 at 14:26, Mubasher Pasha said...
Of course you'll find venomous snakes and critters traveling along the 'Silk Route'. Don't let that hinder the good work as your knowledge drips down to many thirsty travelers.
- At 13 September 2014 at 18:10, Salman Rashid said...
Thank you for the interest, gentlemen.
Amardeep, the Nubra Valley was the way you came down the Karakoram Pass after coming through Yarkand, Kokyar, Ak Masjid, Shahidulla etc. The young man (mentioned above) who saw the silk bales in Leh was at the lower end of this route. The camels come from the Turkestan side.
- At 13 September 2014 at 19:44, Amardeep Singh said...
Salman Ji, So would it be right to say that this Silk route existed into India from China, via Yarkand, Kokyar, Ak Masjid, Shahidulla into Nubra and thereafter to Leh and Kashmir. Though I understand this is not the same route currently being popularized as Silh route due to Karakoram highway.
- At 14 September 2014 at 03:25, said...
I am an avid reader of your marvellous blog and is indeed a pleasure to read your posts. Great people like you and some others like the owner of blog Danstagoh have kept alive our heritage like no one else.
Before I comment, may I humbly submit that my knowledge is certainly not comparable to yours on the subject and I may be at odds with reality. What I have read is that there were mainly three routes that were followed and that these were included within the folds of the famous Silk Road.
There were three main Silk Roads which split and followed a Northern, Middle and Southern route. Originating in Chang'an, the ancient capital of China, it went along the northern Tien-Shan to Dunhua, the city near the Great Wall of China. There the single road split bordering the Taklamakan desert from the north and the south. The northern way went through Turfan to the Ili river valley. The Middle road (the so-called Southern way) led from Zhang Qian to the southern coast of Lake Issyk Kul- via Khotan and Yarkand, and reached Bactria (northern Afghanistan). There the Southern route split in two other roads: one partially followed River Indus to Pakistan, the other to the West and Merv where it merged with the Northern route. Further it passed via Nisa, the capital Parthia, Iran, Mesopotamia, Bagdad, went to Damascus and reached the Mediterranean.
And finally, the third, the most difficult was called the Northern or the Steppe route. Having crossed the Tien Shan a part of caravans went via Fergana valley and Tashkent oasis to Samarkand, Bukhara, Khoresm and reached the coast of the Caspian Sea. A part of caravans from Samarkand headed to Bactria and after crossing the Kashkadarya valley led to Termez. In addition to the three main roads/routes, there were also other roads by means of which all those three lines were interconnected. And last but not the least, the sea lanes of silk trade.
Also if I may, let me hasten to mention here that silk was discovered at two Indus Valley sites more than 800 years earlier than it was probably used in China. A study conducted in 2009 indicated through a microscopic analysis of archaeological thread fragments found inside copper-alloy ornaments from Harappa and steatite beads from Chanhu-daro, to have yielded silk fibres, dating to circa 2450–2000 BC. This study offers the earliest evidence in the world for any silk outside of China, and is roughly contemporaneous with the earliest Chinese evidence for silk. This important new finding brings into question the traditional historical notion of sericulture as being an exclusively Chinese invention.
Again Sir, let me state without any hesitation that you are doing a great favour to this nation by reminding us all of our rich heritage and traditions which has almost been forgotten by those our helmsmen.
- At 14 September 2014 at 11:53, Nayyar Julian said...
Came to read this after long absence. Wonderful as always. Keep it up sir.


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8th Annual Tomato Romp!
This past weekend, TJ and I were invited to be judges at the 8th Annual Tomato Romp! Fourteen bars participated this year all within walking distance of the North Ave … Continue reading
September 15, 2014 · Leave a comment
The Cutting Room at Milwaukee Public Market | Milwaukee, Wisconsin
The Milwaukee Public Market is one of our favorite spots in the city. It's so versatile so TJ can get tacos and I can get sushi. For as long as … Continue reading
September 5, 2014 · Leave a comment


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making Indian breads/ naan specially the ones that we relish in restaurants always intrigued me. The indulgence that comes with butter, the rustic shapes and the aroma of charcoal grill. Ahh! Whats not to like about them? The answer is , maida. Although naans that are made from All Purpose Flour taste the best, one must watch the health hazards and the intake should be controlled.
Naan is a popular punjabi indian bread and is available at all hotels . However i have never eaten anything whole wheat, These can be eaten plain , stuffed with mashed potato, cheese , or any other vegetable that you like . I paired it with Palak Paneer but a dal makhni, chhole would be brilliant combination. If its a stuffed naan , they can be served with curd, pickle or a raita and coriander mint chutney.
- whole wheat flour-200grams
- instant yeast-6 grams
- salt-10 grams
- sugar-10 grams
- oil/butter-15 grams
- curd/buttermilk -to knead the dough
i used the buttermilk that is leftover from making homemade butter. it gave an excellent sourness and the bits of butter added to the softness .i also make chakli/rice flour chaklis using this buttermilk . you could also replace water with buttermilk for making chapatti /bhature dough.
for the stuffing
boiled potatoes-4
finely chopped onion-1
finely chopped chilli-2
ginger garlic paste-2 tbsp
salt and amchur powder-to taste
method of making naan
- in a bowl, add whole wheat flour, sugar , salt and oil. mix well. knead the dough with curd or buttermilk adding little at a time. then transfer to your counter top and knead well stretching with the heel of your palm and pulling from the other end.
- knead briefly for 2-3 minutes. tranfer to a bowl or big container with lid. let this be at room temperature for 2 hours .
- i made the dough and left it in the fridge for 5 hours and then left it outside an hour before dinner time.
- to make naan. take a tennis size ball and stuff it with the stuffing . apply nigella seeds and sesame seeds. roll in an oval shape.
- prick in the center with a fork . this needs to done because the bread tends to puff from the center leaving it doughy.
- transfer to a baking tray and brush with oil.
- bake for 10 mins at 200 degrees.
- serve piping hot.
After brushing oil i sprinkled some Misal Masala and Garlic Flakes from InstaGredients
This variation tasted divine and i strongly recommend their products


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NEW CASTLE, Pa., Oct. 15, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Axion Power International, Inc., (OTCQB: AXPW), the developer of advanced lead-carbon PbC® batteries and energy storage systems, today announced the appointment of Stephen Graham as Chief Financial Officer of the Company. He succeeds Charles Trego, who resigned for personal reasons and was elected to the Board of Directors by the shareholders at the Annual Shareholder Meeting on September 26. The appointment of Stephen Graham is effective October 21, and Mr Trego has agreed to assist in the transition as needed.
Mr. Graham has 20 years of proven experience, having served as the Chief Financial Officer of successful publicly traded and privately held companies. In addition to his extensive traditional financial management background, he also has solid experience in administration, operations management, business planning and development, purchasing, information systems and human resources.
Mr Graham was most recently Executive and Financial Consultant with CMF Associates LLC, an international consulting and deal origination organization. During his tenure with CMF (2012-2013) he served as Interim CFO for a renewable energy company, and acted as onsite due diligence officer for the private equity firm that provided the company's financing. Prior to his service at CMF, Mr. Graham was with Associated Materials LLC from 2009 to 2012. His tenure with this $1.2 billion building materials company included the positions of Senior Vice President, Treasurer and Secretary and Chief Financial Officer. While at Associated Materials he put in place a program that eliminated $20 million of non-value-added supply chain costs and repositioned the balance sheet, including a debt restructuring. His work led to increased value when the business was successfully sold to a private equity firm.
He served at Wastequip Inc from 2008 to 2009 as CFO of the $400 million waste disposal equipment manufacturer. From 2001 to 2008, he was Executive Vice President and CFO of Shiloh Industries (a Nasdaq-listed company), a $600 million auto parts manufacturer. Prior to that he held positions at Republic Technologies International Inc, Dura Automotive Systems Inc (formerly Nasdaq: DRRA), later taken private by the New York private equity firm Patriarch Partners; Truck Components Inc (formerly Nasdaq: TRCK/JAII), acquired by Castle Harlan Inc., a New York merchant bank; and Grand & Toy Ltd (formerly NYSE: CARA), which officially changed its name to OfficeMax Grand & Toy in 2013. He began his career in 1982 at Magna International, a component supplier to the automotive industry worldwide (a NYSE-listed company).
Chairman & CEO Thomas Granville commented, "We engaged a top executive search firm and, with their guidance, pursued an extensive and thorough search throughout North America to identify the best candidates for our CFO position. We narrowed the selection to the very best candidates that possessed all of the CFO criteria and qualities we require at this important stage of our Company's business growth. Mr Graham was selected from this elite group, as the candidate that not only met all of our criteria but also because he brings us additional expertise and experience in some of our primary focus areas. We are very pleased with the confidence and commitment he has expressed in accepting the CFO position. We are confident that Steve will be an excellent fit, as we move forward to achieve our business objectives. Steve's leadership talents, financial management skills and business experience will all serve to enhance the strength, capability and contributions of our management team."
Mr Graham is a Chartered Accountant, and holds a BA in Commerce and Finance from the University of Toronto. He will relocate to New Castle Pennsylvania after assuming his new role.
About Axion Power International, Inc.
Axion has developed and patented a next generation energy storage device that won the prestigious Frost & Sullivan Technology Award for North America in the field of lead-acid batteries. According to Frost & Sullivan, Axion's new PbC® batteries have "the potential to revitalize the lead-acid battery industry by breathing new life into an established technology that has not been well suited to the requirements of important new applications like hybrid electric vehicles and renewable power."
Axion Power International, Inc. is the industry leader in the field of lead carbon energy storage technologies. Axion believes its new PbC battery technology is the only class of advanced battery that can be assembled on existing lead-acid battery production lines throughout the world utilizing Axion's proprietary activated carbon electrodes. Axion's future goal, after filling their plant's lead-carbon battery production capacity, is to become the leading supplier of carbon electrode assemblies for the global lead-acid battery industry.
For more information, visit www.axionpower.com
Axion Power International Inc.
Thomas Granville, CEO
(724) 654 9300
Allen & Caron, Inc.
Rudy Barrio (Investors)
(212) 691-8087
Len Hall (Media)
(949) 474-4300
SOURCE Axion Power International, Inc.


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RE: Recreational Under 12
I'm sure that my league coordinator and officials' supervisor would take my side on this one, but this was the first time I have ever ejected someone and so I'd like some opinions from more experienced referees as to whether I handled this situation properly. Background information: I am an adult referee in a youth recreational league, in my first season refereeing since I was a teenager. I was the league-assigned referee in a girls 6th grade (age 11) game. Per league policy one untrained volunteer AR is provided by each team and they are only empowered to indicate possession on out of bounds - they may not call offside or fouls. Fields have no specified technical area, and officially coaches are allowed on the entire touch line between the 18s, a rule that I am the first to admit I have been lax in enforcing. The blue team was really outmatched by the red team - they were down 4-0 at halftime. Early in the second half the red team scored another goal and the blue team's coach was irate that the red team had committed offside, which I never saw and so never called. I did not respond to him, but made a mental note to keep a better watch for offside. About 5 minutes later the red team scored another goal, the blue team coach was again irate that from his perspective I missed an offside call, and he announced his tally of what he perceived to be my mistakes. As I walked over to him to give him a warning, all I managed to get out was 'sir' before he started using profanity and threatening to call the league coordinator. At that, I realized this was a hostile situation, so I ejected him. He got a few more words in, then left the field without further incident. The only words I said to him were 'Sir, you're ejected' and possibly 'that's fine' when he repeated that he would be calling the league coordinator. I should note that in both of the aforementioned cases, from my position I never saw a red team player that was both in offside position AND 'gaining an advantage by being in that position'. I also note that at the time of the perceived offenses, the ejected individual was positioned at or near where a trained and empowered AR would have been positioned to make an offside call. In the parking lot after the game I overheard the ejected individual telling the other coach that the league needs better instruction for referees on offside. I noted this in my post-match report, and opined to my officials' supervisor that the league can instruct referees until the cows come home, but if people want improved offside calls what we need is ARs who are trained and empowered to call offside. Did I handle this situation properly? Is there more I could have done, such as explain my perspective to the remaining coach, who had also verbalized his displeasure but was not nearly as rude or profane about it? On a related note, is it my place as a referee to tell the league coordinator that the teams in this division are woefully unbalanced and that I believe this is not in the spirit of recreational play? Thank you for your time and for this great site.
Hi Brian First off a missed offside call either way is not a big deal particularly on a one sided game and when the referee is on his own. You gave what you saw and that is all that matters. Even with ARs the call might still be questioned. The coach then decides to use profanities towards you so you were 100% correct to eject him and well done for doing that in a professional manner in what is a difficult situation to deal with. We all question whether we could have handled these situations better or differently. You did what you had to do which was correct and don't feel that it was you that caused the situation. I suspect that if you asked other referees you will find that this individual may have been ejected before and causes problems for the officials. He very well may ring the League coordinator and he will see the call for what it is. I have spoken to many coordinators over the years and unless they are getting a pattern of calls from every coach they will just ignore it. Personally I would ignore the post match comments as that is a pathetic attempt to agitate and to cause reaction. Referees should develop what could be termed rhino skin when it comes to comments and unless it is offensive, insulting or abusive I suggest you ignore same. Most times it is said to raise a reaction from the referee and it is best ignored. What should have happened is that the coach should have came across and apologised for his behaviour. Instead he chose to make a comment that was intended to cause you to question your offside calls and to perhaps illicit a reaction which can be used 'against' the referee. I know ignoring it is not easy as we would all like to go home feeling good about the game. Sometimes that does not happen and we just have to accept it as part of the territory and move on. It might be worthwhile if you do not already have one is to find a good mentor who can advise you and to take a call to talk over situations. As regards unbalanced games that is a matter for the Leagues to deal with and unless there are match issues I would not really bother providing an opinion. The referee's role is to officiate the games under the rules of the competition.
Hi Brian, It's very concerning to see the way some people act, particularly around such young players. It sounds like you handled the coach very well - you didn't argue with him, just calmly informed him that he was dismissed. Because he launched into profanity, I don't think he gave you any choice but to dismiss him. Perhaps you could have had a word with him after the first outburst - but I've been guilty of letting coaches get away with a bit too much before I have a word, and hindsight is 20/20 as they say. Don't worry about the fact that the winning coach also thought the players were offside - I've had players clearly onside, score a goal then tell me they want the goal disallowed because they're absolutely convinced they're offside. I've allowed plenty of goals where the attacking team and supporters thought it was offside, and raised the flag plenty of times when the defence argued the player was onside. So don't take anything out of that. Don't worry about him complaining about you - referee for long enough and that will probably happen now and then. Coordinators should be used to losing teams complaining! You mentioned a concern that he appeared to be in a good position to judge offside. I can't tell you how many times I've been an AR, made a decision and people directly behind me have been adamant I was wrong. It isn't enough to be in line - you also have to be looking at the relevant attacker the moment it's touched by a teammate (spectators and players usually don't look at that player until after the ball has been sent through, which is where part of the problem lies), and you also need to know the law. Him being directly in line doesn't mean he knows what he's talking about with offside, believe me. On that note, you mentioned 'never saw a red team player that was both in offside position AND 'gaining an advantage by being in that position'' - I'd just like to point out that 'gaining an advantage by being in an offside position' is one of 3 ways a player can become involved in active play, and has a very specific definition of touching the ball after it has deflected off a goalpost, crossbar or opponent. 'Interfering with play' is the most common form of offside infringement. Even if you did get the offside decisions wrong - so what? Without neutral assistant referees it's impossible to judge these without 100% accuracy (even with neutral assistants it's impossible to be completely accurate). All you can do is the best you can do, and as long as you're doing that, ensuring you're fit enough to be where you need to be and are always thinking about how you can increase your accuracy on these decisions (getting wide might help), then nobody can ask anything more of you. As Ref McHugh points out, it's a one-sided match, so it hardly mattered, really, even if one person couldn't maintain perspective. I wouldn't worry about the one-sidedness of the game. Unfortunately it looks like the coach in question decided to look for somebody to place the blame on and made a scapegoat out of you.
First, you were correct to dismiss any coach who uses profanity or obscene language or gestures. The coach has an obligation to behave responsibly, and he failed to do so. No warning is necessary when the conduct is as you described. Second, after the match, stay away from angry people. No good is served. Get your things and go home. Third, the match report should only contain the facts. In the XXXX minute you dismissed Coach Y for irresponsible behavior. Coach Y said to you '... .. .. . . ...' Don't include recommendations. Don't explain why your decisions were right and the coach was wrong. Report what you did and why. Fourth, your next match with this coach is a new day. Treat the coach with respect and don't bring up the last time. If he's like most coaches, he may apologize. Be professional and accept it. If he doesn't, don't worry about it. Offside decisions for the solo referee are difficult. The league has chosen not to hire three officials to improve the accuracy of offside decisions. All you can do is bring your best efforts.
There is no such thing as ejecting a coach under the Laws of the Game. A coach may be dismissed for behavior you described. A fine point yes, but the reports we file in such situations must be as correct under the Laws as possible. In this situation, whether you missed an offside call or not is basically irrelevant. If you didn't see it, it didn't happen. What did happen is the coach behaving very irresponsibly, for which the dismissal was appropriate. A smarter coach would have ASKED you about the call, perhaps obliquely suggesting the possibility that you'd missed one, whereupon you could honestly ask yourself if that were true and resolve to be more vigilant.
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December 10, 2019
"You have to be ready to compete… And then, from there, doing it in ways that are following fair trade practices… You have to be that much more on top of your game."
Submitted by: Carol Sanford
Posted: Oct 25, 2013 – 09:45 AM EST
Series: Big Promise Entrepreneurs: Elevating Responsible Business
Tags: social entrepreneurship, indigenous designs, fashion industry, big promise entrepreneurs, bpe, game-changer, transparency, supply chain, socent, fair trace tool, csr
By Carol Sanford
Part of the Big Promise Entrepreneurs series on Talkback
In this series, we tell the stories of real life Big Promise Entrepreneurs and how they pursue and pull off seemingly impossible feats of social change. The first post explores the lessons of the company Indigenous Designs.
Social entrepreneurship is on the rise. That is a good thing – but it is not even close to enough, either in speed or deed! Every day we get reports of deterioration in oceans, watersheds and escalating inequity and injustice in society. We know it is not acceptable. But, the sad part is that social entrepreneurship and social enterprises, as currently conceived, will not make a dent.
What will make a difference are what I call Big Promise Entrepreneurs (BPEs), a particular form of game-changer. The big promise entrepreneur's path is to build and grow a business with the intention to make fundamental changes well beyond being a good business itself, or even ensuring the values embedded in its way of operating are right.
BPEs pursue "nodal" actions to change industries, social systems, cultural paradigms and governance infrastructure. Nodes are points where different orbits intersect and the best place, therefore, to have a huge impact. Nodes are how acupuncture works and why one needle can shift so much. Knowing how to find and affect those nodes is critical to our collective future.
We have a responsibility to build an increasing number of such intelligent and wise entrepreneurs, whether internal to enterprises or independent in start-ups and growth business, and to do so much faster.
Scott Leonard and Matt Reynolds, co-founders of Indigenous Designs, have taken on the second most polluting industry in the world… the textile and apparel industry! They are creating pure, impeccable beauty in design and manufacturing.
To revolutionize an industry they must attend to four facets—successfully. This month, we examine the first, with others in later blog posts. The first is perfecting your offering.
No business changes its industry with an average product or even a good product. Even in the world of seeking to bring what is right into the conversation, the game-changer must be seen as a premier creative and effective player. Speaking about change is only heard when you cannot be drowned out by critiques of your offering. If you lose premier creative status, you lose your platform for change.
Indigenous Designs has created a platform where they are working with other game-changers in the industry. Eileen Fisher is a premier brand in high-end clothing that has committed to using organic fibers. Indigenous Designs has met Eileen Fisher's standards and become a primary supplier.
In an interview with Matt and Scott, I asked them why they chose business as a route, instead of a not-for-profit, given their strong commitment to indigenous peoples and processes. They made it very clear that real change can happen on a large scale only when you are taken really seriously. They always look at their business from a product offering standpoint:
"You have to be ready to compete, in terms of best in class, with mainstream conventional brands. In our case, that means in fashion, color, style, quality. And then, from there, doing it in ways that are following fair trade practices, and using all natural organic materials. You have to be that much more on top of your game."
They are very competent in regard to traditional business practices and are able to tap into distribution channels to make the mission successful. It's a fusion of two worlds: they have to succeed by traditional measures to lead.
Now, with that platform and level of offering, they can lead a much larger change. The node they are focusing on is "transparency of choices." Walmart used the same tactic, with the advice of Jeffrey Hollender, founder of Seventh Generation, when their major change was to make all suppliers "reveal their impact" on everything they sold to Walmart.
Matt and Scott have promised to make supply systems fully transparent in their industry; believing it will, and is, moving the entire industry toward non-toxic production and manufacturing processes.
Their new venture in that nodal intervention, created in collaboration with Worldways, is the Fair Trace Tool. It makes it possible for brands to share, in a transparent way, their story of fair trade and story of the artisans whose lives are transformed by it. Through the Fair Trace Tool, everyone can see who makes what they wear and grows what they eat. Customers become closer to them and see their well-being as connected to the business. Such transparency will have a positive impact on thousands of artisans around the world.
Indigenous Designs is sharing the Fair Trace Tool technology with other brands that are otherwise unable to afford it, and fund research that proves that fair trade is life transforming. (For Indigenous Designs to be able to do this work donations are needed to support the project.)
Because of an extraordinary product, one that can compete at the front of the fashion industry, Indigenous has their voice heard and respected. First, they get their own products and services to be industry leading; then, because they have such high respect as a leader in their industry, they can influence others.
More About Carol Sanford and Big Promise Entrepreneurship:
Two recent articles by Sanford introduced the four archetypes or approaches to take entrepreneurs' good intentions and develop from them the game-changer path. The first of these is published at the Stanford Social Innovation Review. The second – "How Big is Your Promise?" – is at CSRwire. The Responsible Entrepreneur: Four Game-Changing Archetypes, my latest book, will be out in 2014.
The Responsible Entrepreneur Institute offers community, courses and business acumen mentors on finding nodal interventions that change industries, social systems, cultural paradigms and governance infrastructure.
The opinions, beliefs and viewpoints expressed by CSRwire contributors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs and viewpoints of CSRwire.
04 Jun UN Sustainable Development Goals – Rather than Corporate Opportunity Are SDGs Used for Greenwashing?
23 May Do Your Company's Sustainability Efforts Support Financial Performance?
16 May From Growth Mindset to Ethics and Data Privacy Mindset
10 Jan CSE Forecasts Top 10 Sustainability Trends for 2018
20 Nov Holiday With Purpose: Working to End Gender-Based Violence in Fashion Supply Chains


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Bandits on the Run
Rockwood Music Hall Stage 2
196 Allen St.
New York, NY, 10002
Doors 8:30 PM / Show 9:00 PM
This event is 21 and over
Bandits on the Run is a Brooklyn-based criminal trio, notorious for stealing hearts and serenading strangers. They first gained infamy conducting musical sticks-ups in the subways of New York City with their three part-harmony and nostalgic sensibilities. At the center of this dangerous crime ring are Roy Dodger (a.k.a. Adrian Enscoe) guitar & vocals ; Bonanza Jellyfish (a.k.a. Sydney Shepherd) cello & vocals; and "Clarissa" (a.k.a. Regina Strayhorn) percussion, xylophone, melodica & vocals. All three bring their unique voices and songwriting abilities to the table, creating a variety of sounds and styles that create a musical web of sound hard to pin down, and even harder to resist. To your ears, these whimsical criminals will sound like a nostalgic medley of old and new. Their tools are various and sundry, a motley mix of off-beat pop music covers, reworked jazz and rock standards, and originals that'll make you feel like deja vu all over again. They've amassed a collection of songs, stolen and original alike, that some say would charm the pants off of even the most callous New Yorker. But don't take our word for it, catch the Bandits in action! You may find yourself swept away, smiling in spite of yourself, slow dancing with a stranger, or even dropping a dollar into the cello case.
General Admission
Please note, there is a one drink minimum for this show (standing and bar stools) and two drink minimum at tables.
Limited seating is available on a first come first served basis.
Advance tickets are available online until 4PM, day of show. Any remaining tickets can be purchased at the door at showtime.
Upcoming Events
Rockwood Music Hall Stage 2
- Sorry, there are currently no upcoming events.


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Recommend the best practise that the industry is practising in terms of CRM.
Linking multiple systems together to maximize your company efficeny.
Custom development software to provide a new products, services and solutions
Provide analysis and feasibility studies, recommanding only the best.
Ensuing project development meets objecties and desired timeline.
Providing post project support, error-fixing and system upgrade/extension.
|MNC in Hosting and Data Centre
|Integrated Billing Management System – IBMS. Implemented with Java Language.
Cloud solution and technology enable businesses to be able to function professionally and effectively without huge capital expenditure, saving businesses money. Ongoing maintenance costs are also reduced.
Inventory Control System
System works exceed expectation, the people are nice to work with too! Thanks Plexure


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digipano wrote:Anybody else tried the thumbnails options, does it work for you?
jarane wrote:Hey guys,
I tried exporting for the first time with APT b6 and the "thumbnails" feature but got a black screen.
Tried exporting again without the thumbnails and worked without problems.
Changed the position (left) and size (5%) of the thumbnails but got the black screen again.
Anyone with a similar situation?
Thanks in advance,
jarane wrote:Thanks guys,
the panos are 6k x 3k and I tried several times quitting the program and re-opening the project but no improvement.
I thought it could be the fact that the pano list and the thumbnails were in the bottom of the tour but that didn't work either.
I'll keep trying.
Thanks again,
digipano wrote:Can anyone else confirm this bug?
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