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July 21 – 26 , 2019, Dagstuhl Seminar 19302
Cybersafety Threats - from Deception to Aggression
Zinaida Benenson (Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, DE)
Marianne Junger (University of Twente, NL)
Daniela Oliveira (University of Florida – Gainesville, US)
Gianluca Stringhini (Boston University, US)
For support, please contact
List of Participants
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Dagstuhl Seminar Wiki
Dagstuhl Seminar Schedule [pdf]
(Use seminar number and access code to log in)
This Dagstuhl Seminar is motivated by the increased relevance of malicious activities in cyberspace. These activities include the broad scope of cybersafety threats:
- Cyber deception: phishing, cyber fraud, fake news, propaganda
- Cyber aggression: cyberbullying, hate speech, radicalization
Attack strategies include controlling and operating fake or compromised social media accounts, artificially manipulating the reputation of online entities, spreading false information, and manipulating users via psychological principles of influence into performing behaviors that are counter to their best interests and benefit the attackers.
So far, computer science research on cybersafety has looked at the various sub-problems in isolation, mostly relying on algorithms aimed at threat detection, and without considering the implications of the attacks and countermeasures for individual users as well as for society. On the other hand, human factors and social science researchers often consider user interfaces and social interactions without taking full advantage of the algorithmic, data-driven cybersafety research. Moreover, the legal and ethical implications of attacks and countermeasures are often unclear.
This seminar aims at an interdisciplinary discussion on detection and mitigation of cybersafety threats. It brings together researchers working on all aspects of cybersafety, including information security and privacy, usability, cybercrime, economics, sociology, psychology, and neuroscience, legal aspects and policy. This seminar builds on research directions identified in its predecessor Dagstuhl Seminar 17372 Cybersafety in Modern Online Social Networks. The examples of the issues to be considered in the interdisciplinary working groups include (but are not limited to):
- How might we cluster different types of threats, based on psychological, sociological, legal, and technical variables so as to better design countermeasures?
- What are the incentives of the attackers, and how can those incentives be curbed? How do attackers organize and choose their targets, and what is the role of technology in their targeting strategies?
- Do Internet users need some protective skills or tools? If yes, which ones, and what psychological, social, legal, and economic limitations may apply to the acquisition of these skills?
- What data is ethically and legally acceptable to be used in detection, mitigation, and prevention of attacks? How can we identify both victims and perpetrators, without extensive intervention and while respecting users privacy?
- What are the limitations of the current algorithmic threat mitigation strategies and technical mitigation tools? Can technical improvements offer adequate protection? How can biases in data collection and algorithms be detected?
- How to address false positives generated by automated threat detection tools, such that the users do not lose trust in the Web platforms and are not harmed?
- What is the role of policy and regulation in countering cybersafety threats?
As the results of the seminar, we envision the development of new research directions and interdisciplinary collaborations concerning the above questions.
Motivation text license
Creative Commons BY 3.0 DE
Zinaida Benenson, Marianne Junger, Daniela Oliveira, and Gianluca Stringhini
Related Dagstuhl Seminar
- 17372: "Cybersafety in Modern Online Social Networks" (2017)
- Security / Cryptology
- Society / Human-computer Interaction
- World Wide Web / Internet
- Online scam
- Cyberbullying
- Fake news and propaganda
- Social media
- Usable security and privacy
- Ethical and legal research


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4cm hoop earrings with your name or date
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Personalized hoop earrings with your name on sterling silver.
┌Hoop diameter: 4 cm (1 1/2 inch)
└Material: Sterling silver gold plated
Customize your necklace
You may get any name or date on one hoop or any names or dates on both hoops
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Your jewelry will arrive in a beautiful gift box ready for gift giving.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sarah x
please note this product contains honey & Lactoperoxidase a "milk derived enzyme ingredient"
I've been using a couple of Living Nature skin care items and have liked using them although I think they come with a bit of a steep price tag! xReplyDelete
Yes, I dodged the subject of price, hence why I referred to it as luxurious, certainly not an everyday purchase for meDelete
I haven't tried anything from Living Nature yet, I thing the ginger scent will be a nice change from floral at this time of year…xReplyDelete
I always go for Lavender so tt has made a pleasant change for me,Delete
I love the Living Nature foundation although it is expensive, its worth it for me. This sounds lovely but I can't justify spending so much on shower gels knowing they just get washed down the drain ahaha!ReplyDelete
I haven't tried the foundation, I need to look into that one. Funny how many people feel this way about body washes, I understand but always difficult to find ones that work for me so to a certain extent that can often justify the extra expense :)Delete


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Club & Organization News
Senior Advisory Council
The Senior Advisory Council is a 13 member board appointed by the Mayor and Township Council for a three year term. They discuss issues that affect the senior center.
Chair: Gail Weber
Meeting: Thusday December 5th 10:30 am
Township Mayor Charles Carley is the township liaison. Everyone is urged to attend.
"FRIENDS" of S. B. Senior Center
Friends is a charitable non-profit organization who raise funds to promote, support and supplement Senior Center activities as well as improve the lives of seniors. They sponsor cultural events, shows, and lectures and purchase items for our senior center. Dues: $3.00/year for resident seniors and $5.00 for non-residents and non-seniors. See office or website for membership forms. President: Muthu Subramanian Vice Presidents: Cindy Scribner & Satya Agarwal Meeting: Friday December 13th - 10:30am
Bingo 12:30pm
No Meeting or Bingo in November!!
South Brunswick Senior Social Club
South Brunswick Senior Social Club — Newcomers welcome! Members needed! Dues: $15.00. Meetings: Tuesday 1:30 PM
November 19th (No Meeting Nov 5th)
December 3rd & 17th
Brief business meetings, make friends, refreshments, bingo, trips. President: Aggie Schwartz. Annual dues $15
The Golden Age Club
bring together & promote the welfare of seniors through fun trips and parties. Dues are $10.00. President: Gloria Zimmerman
Meeting: Wednesdays at 1:00 pm
November 27th December 11th, No Meeting Dec 25
Billards Club
All welcome to play daily & get to know the pool club members. Tournaments are played home & away. Pool club membership required for tournaments.
President: Gary Harriman
Meeting December 4th 11:00
Ping Pong – play with others on Monday's, Wednesday's and Friday's -(3:00 – 4:30 pm), most Sunday's (1:00-4:00 pm). OPEN Play --- all day.
Knit and Crochet Club
The Club is always working hard to support the people less fortunate and in crisis. Group meets in the cheers Room, Wednesdays 9:30 to 11:00 am. Newcomers with big hearts always welcome. Meet new friends and do a good deed.
Bridge Group
Friendly Duplicate Tournaments are played every first and third Wednesday. Daily bridge play in Aud. 2
Coordinators: Satya Agarwal and Dakshi Subramanian
The Yiddish Club
The Yiddish Club invites all who are interested in reading Yiddish stories (meiselach, in transliteration), reminiscing and laughing a lot to join us on Thursdays at 1:00 pm at the Senior Center.


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Thursday, May 18, 2006
Tea Smoked Duck Recipe
From the Food Network, and more specifically, from BBQ with Bobby Flay, here's a recipe for Tea Smoked Duck. If you don't like duck, then - as the great Basil Fawlty once said - you're rather stuck.
Continuing on the fowl theme, here's an entry from The Grocery List Collection that includes Nest tea, among other things. The Grocery List Collection is "the world's largest online collection of found grocery lists". The Internet, for those of you who may not have noticed, is a really peculiar place.
tea, food, food and drink, grocery list, Food Network, recipes
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Dixon PSS9804EX Concert Snare Stand
Concert Snare Drum Stand
- Extra high snare stand
- Wide, double braced legs for secure stand
- Maximum height: approx. 84 cm
- Maximum height up to basket: 63 cm
Further Information
|Snare Size
|06" - 14"
|Ball Joint
This product is currently sold out
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Offers include VAT and are valid as long as stocks last. We do not accept liability for typographical errors or inaccurate information of any kind. *RRP = manufacturer's / distributor's recommended retail price in Germany
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We're looking forward to hearing from you and aim to solve any problems as soon as we can.
ID: 200796 © 1996–2019 Thomann GmbH Thomann loves you, because you rock!


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Most insurances are designed for "Medically Necessary" treatments. We will evaluate your need for care and discuss your insurance coverage questions usually within the first or second visits. Usually what most people find out in our office, is that our fees are comparable to their insurance copays, while allowing us to perform more on their visits than what is "medically necessary" in the insurance companies eyes.
An increasing number of patients do not have insurance, or have plans with limited coverage, such as catastrophic policies. We realize that no one wants to build up a large bill. Therefore, we have several plans so those patients may receive complete care without undue financial difficulty. Of course we are always happy to accept cash, your personal check, MasterCard, Visa or Discover cards, and HSA's (health savings accounts) and FSA's (flexible saving accounts). We offer per visit fees, prepayment discounts and payment plans.
Personal Injury or Automobile Accidents
We make this process as easy as possible as we realize you want to feel better quickly after accidents. Although you are ultimately responsible for your bill, we will wait for settlement of your claim for up to six months after your care is completed. Once the claim is settled or if you suspend or terminate care, any fees for services are due immediately.
Synergy Wellness | (520) 818-8857
Providing Quality Chiropractic and Wellness Care to people in Tucson, Vail, Marana and Oro Valley, AZ areas


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Fifty undernourished French city children, from eight to twelve years old, will spend a health-restoring holiday on the Riviera this summer as guests of the N.S.A. organization of Harvard and Radcliffe.
Plans for financing and operating a camp at Vencee one hour's drive from Cannes on the Cote d'Azur, were outlined to the Radcliffe Student Assembly yesterday by Mary Hall '50 and Dorothea Penizek '51, co-chairmen of the Radcliffe camp committee.
The budget for 50 campers and 20-odd staff members for six weeks is $8000. The N.S.A. groups hope to exceed that figure in money and gifts of supplies to carry on for eight weeks, doubling the number of campers in two tour-week periods.
Six or seven French-speaking Radcliffe and Harvard undergraduates will be chosen to join half a dozen French students on the stuff of counselors. Director of the Camp will be Crosley Hodgeman, headmaster of Newton's Beaver Country Day School for girls. American counselors will pay their own traveling expenses, a rools bottom figure of $450.
The site of the camp, discovered and donated by the Unitarian Service Committee, is a boarding school. Its cost of summer operation breaks down into such items are $3150 for food, $750 for medical supplies, including vitamin capsules, $500 for equipment, $500 for maintenance, $450 for insurance, and other smaller expenses.
Funds will be raised by drives at Harvard and Radcliffe, and by appeals to outside individuals and business organizations. Gifts in kind, including clothing, kitchen ware, first-aid kits, soap and toys will be collected in Greater Boston.
Hour-long conversation practice sessions weekly, with tutoring in the patois of French small fry by a local teacher who has directed such a camp, will prime the Cambridge counselors for their task.
Read more in NewsBowling Alleys Must Close As University Ends Lease


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It Was the Best of Times, It Was the Worst of Times
All about how missing the best market days (or the worst!) might affect your portfolio.
Share |
Related Content
The Junk Drawer Approach to Investing
It's easy to let investments accumulate like old receipts in a junk drawer.
You Would Rather Be...
Are you a thrill seeker, or content to relax in the backyard? Use this flowchart to find out more about your risk tolerance.
Keys to Investing for Retirement
There are some key concepts to understand when investing for retirement.


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iPhone Lite Image Leak Highlights Apple's Colorful Side (AAPL)
Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL) appears to be developing an iPhone for those who crave a red, yellow, blue or green iPhone.
French tech website Nowhere Else has published a clear look at what a low-cost iPhone could look like.
Unlike the renderings published by MacRumors, Nowhere Else's single image appears to be an actual photo. Its contents could still be fake -- a Chinese knock-off or some other clone designed to fool tech enthusiasts -- but the phones look very convincing.
Related: iPhone 5S Image Leak Could be the Real Deal
There are some noticeable differences, however.
Apple currently sells the iPod Touch in five colors: yellow, red, white, blue and black. The iPod Nano and iPod Shuffle come in seven colors: blue, green, yellow, red, pink, gray and black. The company also sells (Product) Red versions of these devices to support the Global Fund, which raises money to fight AIDS in Africa.
As you can see in the image below, these colors are different from the current style employed by the iPod family of products. The yellow is more traditional (the kind of bright yellow one might expect to see on a banana just before it ripens, not the kind that typically accompanies an Apple product). The red seems to fall somewhere between the two reds that Apple currently offers, but does not look exactly like either of them. The blue and green colors are not quite right either.
Unlike the current crop of iPhones and iPods, the edges have been rounded for these new, low-cost iPhones. This might have made sense in 2009, when iPhones were still fairly round. Today it is somewhat questionable. Will Apple really return to the design format of a four-year-old smartphone?
Image Source: nowhereelse.fr
The supposed iPhone Lite images also lack the usual display of text and other info that comes at the bottom of every Apple device. This is not uncommon for pre-release items, especially prototypes. But it is another eyebrow-raising element that could inspire doubt about the image's validity.
If there is one thing that's accurate, it's the thin crevice that's placed at the bottom of the unit. It appears to be the right size for a Lightning connector.
Louis Bedigian is the Senior Tech Analyst and Features Writer of Benzinga. You can reach him at 248-636-1322 or louis(at)benzingapro(dot)com. Follow him @LouisBedigianBZ
Posted-In: Apple iPhone Lite MacRumors Nowhere ElseNews Rumors Success Stories Tech Best of Benzinga
© 2019 Benzinga.com. Benzinga does not provide investment advice. All rights reserved.


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|» Products
|» Food Processing Equipment
|» Mosambi Juicer Regular
Mosambi Juicer Regular offered find use in homes and hotels and helps in extracting pure juice by separating it from seeds, skins & pulp. With the machines available in different capacities, these are low in maintenance, efficient, durable to use. Providing for long lasting working support, it is best suitable for taking out pure juice from citrus fruits and features quick and efficient extracting process. Its stainless steel fabricated finish also makes these long lasting in use. Being easy to clean juicer, it can also be used for Oranges, Mosambi, Pineapple, Anar, Grapes, Sweet lemon and other fruits.


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2015 was a great year, I've re-launched the BaseballTalkRadio.com network of great baseball podcasts, and includes the 24/7 radio feed that you can listen to on the @TuneIn app on your smartphone or vehicle anywhere in the world.
Phillies Talk Podcast celebrated another year in production, it's the longest running independent broadcast on the Phillies. In 2015, (up to now) we've have over 17,000 downloads of the show.
Here's the Phillies Talk - Christmas Dreams show for 2015:


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Humanitarian Response
Myanmar is vulnerable to a wide range of natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes and cyclones. In 2008, Cyclone Nargis killed nearly 140,000 people and affected 2.4 million people, in 2010 Cyclone Giri affected 183,000 people and in July 2015, heavy monsoon rains, flooding and landslides triggered by Cyclone Komen affected 1.6 million people and damaged 1.4 million acres of farmland. Natural disasters are a fact of life in Myanmar; and poor families, especially in rural areas, are ill-equipped to withstand the forces of nature that come with a major cyclone, flood and earthquake.
Over the past four years, the country has also been plagued by several ethnic conflicts and natural disasters, resulting in the displacement of vulnerable populations, causing them to lose access to basic services such as food markets, employment, education and health services.
What we do:
Save the Children has played a key role in all major humanitarian crises in Myanmar. In Cyclone Nargis, Save the Children was responsible for nearly 10% of the total raised by the international community, establishing a large-scale response that reached 40% of all the children severely affected. Since then, we have supported affected populations in Cyclone Giri, Kachin Conflict, Rakhine Conflict, and Kayin Floods as one of the leading responders. In 2014, over 210,307 people received assistance from our humanitarian programmes.
Most recently, Save the Children responded to the needs of the affected population after monsoon rain and heavy rain triggered by Cyclone Komen inundated large swathes of Myanmar, displacing 1.6 million people. Four states and regions were declared as natural disaster zones by the government as a result, including Chin State, Rakhine State, Magway Region and Sagaing Region. Save the Children is one of the leading responders, supporting affected families with life-saving food, water, hygiene and household items, providing the tools and technical expertise to repair latrines and water sources, and setting up child-friendly spaces so children have a safe space to play, learn and recover from the disaster. The response has so far reached over 60,000 people including 26,000 children.
Our holistic approach to humanitarian programming means children and their families receive an integrated package of services that includes resumption of schools, safe spaces for children to play, nutrition interventions, food distributions, household and hygiene items, shelter, clean water and sanitation facilities.


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Over the past few decades, there has been a major shift in how scientists think about organism relationships at larger scales. Open up a textbook on evolution and you will probably see what's referred to as a "bubble diagram". Over the ages, it will show various groups swelling in size and then tapering off, but often spitting off one or more other such "bubbles" before they completely die out. Here's an example:
This shows the evolution of hoofed mammals since the end of the Cretaceous (about 65 million years ago). A generalized bunch of mammals called "Condylarthra" spits off several radiations before it goes extinct: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates: pigs, hippos, camels, ruminants, etc.), Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates: horses, rhinos, tapirs, etc.), Tubulidentata (aardvarks), Hyracoidea (the superficially rodent-like hyraxes), Proboscidea (elephants, etc.), Sirenia (manatees, dugongs, etc.), and some extinct groups like Desmostylia and a large South American group. At least one of these radiations, Artiodactyla, spits off its own new radiation: Cetacea, the whales.
This diagram nicely shows population changes over time and is pretty instantly comprehensible. Unfortunately, it's also wrong, WRONG, WRONG.
First of all, it obscures the actual relationships of the "parent taxon" to the "daughter taxon". Obviously, some "condylarths" will be closer to one or more of the "daughter taxa" than they are to other condylarths. Why lump them in with organisms they share less common ancestry with? The group "Condylarthra" is simply unnatural. "Artiodactyla", as shown here, is unnatural, too—hippos are probably closer to cetaceans than they are to other artiodactyls.
Furthermore, recent molecular studies have shown that "Ungulata" is not a natural group. Some of these lineages—Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, Sirenia, and Tubulidentata—are part of Afrotheria, an endemic African clade including golden moles, tenrecs, otter shrews, elephant shrews (sengis), etc. Perissodactyla is allied to Ferae (carnivorans and pangolins), and Artiodactyla is allied to a group including Chiroptera (bats), Ferae, and Perissodactyla, which was rather creatively named Pegasoferae ("Pegasus wild beasts").
(As for the extinct South American ungulates, obviously molecular studies aren't going to tell us much, and I don't think anyone's done the morphological legwork yet—if anyone can knows of such a study, please enlighten me.)
In short, "ungulates" are not a phylogenetic group, but more of a general ecological form, one which several placental lineages arrived at independently (and some, like cetaceans and sirenians, secondarily lost as they became aquatic). There is no such thing as one "origin of the ungulates"—there were many such origins.
Under newer paradigms, we don't think of higher taxa as bubbles that spit off other bubbles. Instead, higher taxa are clades: an ancestor and all of its descendants. Artiodactyla did not spit off Cetacea; instead, Artiodactyla includes Cetacea.
| |--Xenarthra (sloths, armadillos, anteaters)
| `--Afrotheria
| |--Afroinsectiphilia
| | |--Macroscelididae (elephant shrews)
| | `--+--Orycteropus afer (aardvark) *
| | `--Afrosoricida (golden moles, tenrecs, etc.)
| `--Paenungulata *
| |--Elephantidae *
| `--+--Procaviidae (hyraxes) *
| `--Sirenia *
| |--Glires (rodents, rabbits, etc.)
| `--Euarchonta (primates, etc.)
|--Eulipotyphla (shrews, moles, hedgehogs, etc.)
|--Artiodactyla *
| |--Camelidae (camels, llamas) *
| `--+--Suoidea (pigs, peccaries) *
| `--+--Ruminantia (deer, antelope, etc.) *
| `--Whippomorpha *
| |--Cetacea *
| `--Hippopotamidae *
|--Perissodactyla *
|--Carnivora (dogs, cats, etc.)
* hoofed or ancestrally hoofed
So What?
Understanding phylogeny is crucial to investigating questions about the history of life. For example: what caused the mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous? This is a question which has received a lot of attention, both scientific and popular.
To even begin to answer this question, we have to know which groups of organisms perished and which made it through. Specifically, many researchers are curious as to whether a given diverse crown group started to diversify before the extinction, or survived as a single lineage which diversified afterwards. As an example, there is evidence to suggest that the crown group of birds had started to diversify earlier, with at least six lineages surviving into the Cenozoic (the current era).
Obviously, one such group of interest is Placentalia (all researchers being lifelong members). Did a single lineage squeak through (ha ha!) by the hair on its chin (my sides!) to give rise to atlantogenates and boreotheres later, or had placental mammals already begun to diversify before the mass extinctions began, at the feet of the dinosaurs?
Earlier this month (a day before my birthday, in fact), a paper was published which tentatively suggests the latter case: placentals diversified before the extinction. Titled A Cretaceous Hoofed Mammal from India, it names a new species, Kharmerungulatum vanvaleni, based on a single lower molar. As this molar shows similarities to those of Protungulatum, an early condylarth, K. vanvaleri is assigned to Condylarthra. The authors suggest that this may mean that the ancestors of ungulates had diversified before the end of the Cretaceous, perhaps especially in Gondwana.
To me this is a clear example of the dangers of "bubble-thinking". Phylogenetic research has shown us that "ungulates" are not an evolutionary unit. Hence, the "ancestors of ungulates" are really "ancestors of placentals". Furthermore, it may be that Protungulatum is part of a side-branch to the placentals, so if this new Indian taxon is closely related to Protungulatum (and even that evidence is scanty), then it may not even be a placental. All this tooth really tells us is that some therian lived in India toward the end of the Cretaceous. And that has no bearing at all on the question of whether placentals originated during or after the Cretaceous.
However, if Kharmerungulatum does share a clade with Protungulatum to the exclusion of placentals, then it would be part of another clade that persisted across the boundary, but died out soon thereafter. Why did this clade and the ancestors of placentals survive? Why did placentals win out in the aftermath? Perhaps this new taxon can help us answer these types of questions, which come from a "tree-thinking" perspective. Of course, so far, Kharmerungulatum is just a tooth—but maybe more material is out there.
- Beck, R. M. D., O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, M. Cardillo, F.-G. R. Liu, and A. Purvis (2007 Nov. 13). A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals. BMC Evolutionary Biology 6(93). doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93
- Clarke, J. A., C. P. Tambussi, J. I. Noriega, G. M. Erickson, and R. A. Ketcham (2005 Jan. 20). Definitive fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the Cretaceous. Nature 433: 305-308. doi:10.1038/nature03150
- Hallström, B. M., M. Kullberg, M. A. Nilsson, and A. Janke (2007). Phylogenomic data analyses provide evidence that Xenarthra and Afrotheria are sister groups. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(9): 2059-2068. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm136
- Nishihara, H., M. Hasegawa, and N. Okada (2006 June 27). Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103: 9929-9934. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603797103
- Prasad, G. R., O. Verma, A. Sahmi, V. Parmar, and A Khosta (2007 Nov. 9). A Cretaceous hoofed mammal from India. Science 38: 937. doi: 10.1126/science.1149267
- Wible, J. R., G. W. Rougier, M. J. Novacek, and R.J. Asher (2007 June 21). Cretaceous eutherians and Laurasian origin for placental mammals near the K/T boundary. Nature 447: 1003-1006. doi:10.1038/nature05854


text: Do you really need a Digital Transformation? How to secure your Umbraco CMS platform Amrita Nutrition - A digital transformation e-commerce project Digital transformation project delivers 60% year over year sales increase in its second month after release and 198% increase in weekend revenue. 16 Jan 2017 Jump to article ↓ Share a link Copy Link Copied! Jenny Buckingham Amrita Nutrition is a premium supplier of high quality, superior nutrition supplements. Quba and Amrita Nutrition have worked closely together to transform both Amrita's business processes and digital landscape. Using Magento 2, we have developed bespoke, complex functionality and sourced new software to improve the end-to-end services; from order processes to shipping automation. We launched the new site (a product of 11 months work) in November 2016. It includes enhanced features for Amrita's customer segments and updated software to improve the back-office, day-to-day functions. The project combined: A full rebrand (completed by our friends over at Side by Side). A product content audit of over 1000 products. A full re-design founded on user-led UX design. A complete re-build in a brand new platform. Back-office process changes driven by new software integrations. SEO technical audits and consultancy. After 6 years of organic growth for Amrita Nutrition (previously Functional Nutrition Supplements), limitations were becoming ever present. Both in their website provisions and back-office manual processes (for example, stock management and sales reporting). It was time to break the ceiling with a refreshed digital offering and provide extensibility for continuous improvements, drive back-off efficiencies, increase revenue and importantly, scalability for the years to come. A user-centric approach was selected for the project, combining a variety of UX tools and techniques to draw the maximum possible out of the designs. Only once we had determined the optimum site functionality and structure for the user, did we determine which platform to use in development. Research and comparison matrices led us to the decision to work with Magento 2; a drastically new version following their version 1. Similar research was completed for which other technologies and systems to use, and the product as of launch integrated with: Shipping software 2 x Payment gateways Various Magento extensions 2 - 3 months after launch, we are gathering many metrics to measure the success of the new digital offering. These include: A 60% sales revenue increase for the month of December (compared to Dec '15) A 198% increase in weekend sales revenue A 6% decrease in phone orders (and conversely a 6% increase in ratio of online transactions) A google ranking jump from 23rd to 2nd for the term 'Nutrition Supplements UK' and from 32nd to 5th for 'Nutritional Supplements'. As a local business based in our hometown of Sheffield, we worked with Amrita Nutrition and their team to become a close working partner. Since the launch we've continued to work on the site and are currently underway with the next phase of digital evolution for Amrita Nutrition. It's a project we've loved working on and are looking forward to continuing the relationship we have to help drive the continued success of Amrita Nutrition. Come back soon to read up on the full case study, otherwise, feel free to drop us a line on 0114 279 7779 or email email@example.com if you'd like to find out more. Listed in: In The News , Platforms , Strategy , Support


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Roasted Carrot & Butternut Squash Soup
A hearty soup to warm your bones. Blending is the name of the game in our house at the moment as solid baby food prep in underway. Considering I had a load of carrots and butternut squash prepared, some was destined for adult mouths instead.
This is the perfect winter warmer. Parboil some chopped carrots for 5 minutes in vegetable stock and then transfer to a roasting tin together with wedges of butternut squash. I didn't bother peeling the veggies. Keep the cooking stock. Roast the veggies in olive oil with salt, pepper, a few sprigs of thyme, cumin and some dried chilli flakes. After about 45 minutes they should be tender and carmelised. Allow to cool a little before transferring to a blender along with the left over stock. Blitz and serve.
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"Tacos are definitely doable on the road around a camp fire."
500g beef mince
1 brown onion chopped
1 grated carrot
1 packet el paso seasoning mix
1 jar el paso sauce
1 packet el paso shells
Shredded lettuce
2 chopped tomatoes
1 cup grated cheese
1 Tbspn oil
1 cup water
Note: El Paso Kits contain shells, seasoning mix and mild sauce.
Heat oil in pan and sauté onion until soft. Add beef mince and cook until brown.
Add grated carrot and stir in mince for 1-2 minutes.
Add seasoning mix and 1 cup water, stir mixture for a further 2 minutes or so until sauce thickens.
Meanwhile prepare salad items and arrange in separate bowls ready to serve.
Place the shells in pre-heated camp oven and heat over hot coals for approx 5 minutes or until cooked. Use wedge supplied with shells to keep them open. Note Stand and Stuff shells are the best as they have a flat base and are easy to assemble!
Once shells are cooked remove from camp oven and stack with beef mix, mild sauce, grated cheese, chopped tomato and shredded lettuce.
Tasty optional extras include avocado and sour cream.
Chicken mince can be used alternatively to beef mince.


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Brooklyn Bagel PlatterBulk Order
Brooklyn Bagel Bakery Bagels
Say that 3 times back to back!
Since 1953
There are lots of bagel vendors in Los Angeles, but it was a quick and easy decision to partner with Brooklyn Bagel Bakery. They have been making authentic and delicious bagels in LA for over 6 decades and have a following among Angelinos in the know. Our founder has been working with Brooklyn Bagel Bakery for over 15 years across his retail locations and now those same delicious bagels are delivered to you. Read about Brooklyn Bagel Bakery.
What bagels flavors do we offer?
Plain Bagel
Wheat Bagel
Everything Bagel
Sesame Bagel
Cinnamon Raisin Bagel
Cranberry Bagel
Jalapeno and Cheese Bagel
Bagel w/ cream cheese platter serving size details
Serving size 6-10 includes 12 half jumbo bagels
Serving size 10-20 includes 24 half jumbo bagels
We choose an assortment of the most popular bagles to include in the platter but If you would like to customize the selection of bagels simply leave us a note at checkout our contact a catering concierge.


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Rotary drilling rig SBSH-250/311-18
This type of the drive takes the axial load off the mast. The mast is of closed type with a strengthened design of the bearing pin and the mount beam of the mast swing cylinder. This gives durability and reliability provided that the feed thrust is 40 ton and the torque on the bit is 1300 kgm. The supporting unit and rotation unit are separated to prevent the rotation unit from bumps and vibrations.
The drives of the drawworks, the rotation unit and the track drive can be equipped with electric motors of alternating current with frequency regulation or with electric motors of direct current.
Upon customer's request the drill can be supplied with the compressors of 28, 40 or 50m³/min capacity. The compressor of 50m³/min has a medium voltage (6000V) drive.
All auxiliary operations of the drill like leveling, lifting and lowering of the mast, screwing of the drill tool are carried on by the hydraulic drive.
Hydraulic drive based on the mobile Bosch Rexroth hydraulics provides highly reliable work of the drill, smoothness of operations and precision in regulation, it eliminates hydroshocks, reduces the noise and vibration.
In the hydraulic drive there is one regulated pump and its capacity is set automatically by the feedback system and depends on the speed of the performed operations which is set by the distributor with proportional control.
To keep the hydraulic system in stable temperatures of instant readiness especially in winter time the pumps are set at a minimal working capacity to pump 10-15 l per min of the power oil through the blocks of hydraulic system for keeping them warm.
The cabin has been enlarged. It has a window heater, insulation of walls, floor and ceiling. The cabin has a wooden floor with rubber covering, an air heater and an air conditioner.
There is also an anti-vibration chair, two control panels with an indicators block showing the main drilling parameters like the depth of drilling, the speed of sinking, spindle rotation frequency and etc. This simplifies the drill operation and increases comfort of the operator.
Technical characteristics of SBSH-250/311-18


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You are currently browsing the monthly archive for July 2008.
I found this on a board I go to. Trouble is, it's just too true.
If this bothers you, just let the 'new' me know and
I'll tell you whatever you'd like to hear…….
I'm voting Democrat because I believe the government will do a better job
of spending the money I earn than I would.
I'm voting Democrat because freedom of speech is fine as long as nobody
is offended by it.
I'm voting Democrat because when we pull out of Iraq I trust that the bad
guys will stop what they're doing because they now think we're good
I'm voting Democrat because I believe that people who can't tell us if it
will rain on Friday CAN tell us that the polar ice caps will melt away in
ten years if I don't start driving a Prius.
I'm voting Democrat because I'm not concerned about the slaughter of
millions of babies so long as we keep all death row inmates alive.
I'm voting Democrat because I believe that business should not be allowed
to make profits for themselves. They need to break even and give the rest
away to the government for redistribution as THEY see fit.
I'm voting Democrat because I believe three or four pointy headed elitist
liberals need to rewrite the Constitution every few days to suit some
fringe kooks who would NEVER get their agendas past the voters.
I'm voting Democrat because I believe that when the terrorists don't have
to hide from us over there, and when they come over here, I don't want to have any
guns in the house to fight them off with.
I'm voting Democrat because I love the fact that I can now marry whatever
I want. I've decided to marry my horse.
I'm voting Democrat because I believe oil companies' profits of 4% on a
gallon of gas are obscene but the government taxing the same gallon of gas
at 15% isn't.
Makes ya wonder how anyone would EVER vote Republican, now doesn't it?
Still pretty warm and muggy.
We have a mystery in the neighborhood. As Cindy was going to work this morning she found two different big bales of hay in the road ditch that some one had set on fire. Locals put up the hay in the road ditches usually. And once they are baled they usually leave them until they get their other haying done. Then they go back and pick up the bales and haul them in. Some idiot is going around and setting these 1000 pound plus bales on fire! Good thing it is still green! I hope they catch whoever is doing it. Once the bales are gone, they may start on other things!
Got my chores done this morning and went out and doctored on yearlings. Used Purple and the cross bow. There was one heifer I never did get a good shot at. I guess I will have to go rope her and do it that way. Maybe wait until Chance is here this week end to help me.
Put new heels on a pair of my boots. They had been needing it for quite awhile. Also ground on a saddle tree to hopefully fit a ladies horses back better. The tree in her saddle now is causing the mare to get sore over the loins. Hope we get it figured out. Tried to order some more leather and rawhide, but missed one guy and the other place had a busy signal on the other end of the phone.
A couple young fellers stopped in and I did some sewing for one and visited with the other about a pair of chaps we built him. Delbert stopped in and we visited and I showed him my new rope. Next thing you know, it was about right now! Amazing!
These last few days, we might as well be in the southeast!
Tyler got here about noon yesterday and we went in and met Cindy and then we went to Custer to see the kids and grandkids. Tate took us around and showed us several houses he and Chance have been building. They look good. Tho' one is on such a steep hill, that I can't believe anyone would want to live there. Especially an older couple who are having it built!
One of the houses is being built for a younger couple who also have an indoor archery range and an outdoor driving and putting range. Tyler, Tate and I hit quit a few balls. I like whacking them little white balls. Just wish I could whack them farther! Must not have enough Scotsman in me! 🙂
Tate cooked up some porkchops on the grill for supper. Then we loaded up Gabe and headed for home. I have a gig in Rapid on Tuesday so Kass will meet me and pick up Gabe then.
Starting to see lots of rally goers and business. I don't think I want to drive back thru Sin city, otherwise known as Sturgis, the rest of the year.
Don't get me wrong, I got nothing against those who ride motorcycles. Tho' I do wish some of them would learn the rules of the road, but if you get 400,000 people in a town that usually holds 8,000; it's a pain! I don't care who they are.
Oh, and if you ride a motorcycle and are passing me in dead stopped traffic on the center line, and I happen to see you coming in my rear view mirror, I hope you will be able to avoid my door if I just happen to have to open it about the time you come even with me. 😉
I took off yesterday afternoon and met up with a buddy and a couple I have gotten to know over the internet, at Kadoka. W ate and watched the bronc riding. Had a great time and a great visit. Long drive home and I am beat today, but it was sure worth it.
Somebody left a partial glass of tea by the computer the other night and the pup or the cat jumped up and knocked it over evidently, right onto the keyboard. So I could use my mouse, but not the typewriter part. Got a new one in yesterday afternoon. That is why I just posted the pictures yesterday. We have a group that goes to Deadwood and watches the steer roping in the mornings and then afterwards in the afternoon, we all go play 9 holes of golf. Most of the people at the golf course have more fun watching us play than they do playing themselves. We played in teams and played best ball again this year and had a fun day of it. Trevor Brazille won the roping and I ain't sure who won the golfing as I think them other teams were cheating pretty bad!
My team had 44 on 9 holes.Not bad for once a year players with borrowed clubs. Oh, and me and Rick found oodles of golf balls. Mostly the ones the other guys lost I think! :
I hope after you die you get to remember these kinds of things. Cuz' I made some good memories the past few days. 🙂
Chance and I rode out and doctored some yearlings yesterday afternoon. He rode Dean who hasn't been exposed to much of this type of work. I let Chance chase the first one until Dean learned to follow her and then I roped her. We got her doctored and went after another. Again Chance and Dean chased her to train on Dean to track cattle, (which means that where ever they go, the horse follows on his own, so as top give the rider a better shot at roping the critter). Then I roped it around the neck and he heeled the bull and we doctored him. The last one ran quite a ways and when I got her roped she decided she was mad and went to hooking at Beaver (my horse) with her head, while we were running along. Everything got lined up just right for it, so I just threw my slack over her butt and rode on by and tripped her. Man, it was great!
She got up, still mad, so I did it to her again. About the third time (which was actually the prettiest one) she had a little better attitude. Chance got her roped around the hind feet, we stretched her out and I gave her the shots.
Now before any of you send me nasty emails, you need to understand this; These are future cows. They need to learn to respect men and horses so that they don't attack and hurt someone at some point down the road. If they don't learn to respect men and horses, now is the time to find it out and get them turned into hamburger.
We got our work done and this time the knot didn't come undone on my rope. I tied the knots this time. 😉
By the way, when I called out to where I got the rope from, the guy is sending me a new hondo, which I have to pay for, but also a new rope, which I don't have to pay for. Hope it's a good one!
Heres me and Gus enjoying the kids pool.
We got a big wind and about 1.40 hundreds of rain with some pea sized hail last night. Broke some big tree limbs off and knocked down some of the old dead cottonwood trees out behind the house.
Put a seat on my wagon bed today and hooked some brakes up. Chance and I just came back from driving the team. Went pretty good. I let Chance drive some. He found out it's quite a bit different than riding a horse. You have to take ahold of them more than our saddle horse and keep them on a snug rein, which are called lines on a team.
Need to get all the junk I got at Dusty's out of my trailer tomorrow. After church. We should ride and doctor on cattle tomorrow also.
I added a new blog to my blog roll. Elle. She is not for children or the faint of heart, but if you can handle the language, she is a riot!
Thanks Liz and Linda for helping with the links. I will see what I can get done, one of these days.
And Og, it is cool to be able to tie them knots and all that fancy stuff with rope. People lives used to depend on it and still do in a few of our lives.
Taken from todays area paper.
"Iraqi soldiers took up positions on rooftops and military helicopters hovered overhead Friday in a show of strength in a Baghdad district where Shiite militiamen once ruled the streets. There were no reports of violence."
Hey! Hey! What happened to not ever making any headway in this country? Damn! Now I am so upset that the libs might not have had a clue to what they were saying all along…….
By the way, I talked to the head guy at the rope company. I stayed calm and even managed a chuckle while explaining what had happened with my rope. I told him I would need a new hondo. He told me he couldn't send me a free one, tho' he would like to, but he will ship it free and throw in a new rope. Cool! This is why I do business with this company and lots of other companies. Price savings will only get you so far with me. I like to have a face and name to deal with and service. I stand behind what I make and sell and I try to do business with those who do the same.
A few weeks ago I called Kings Ropes and ordered a 45 foot, triple extra soft, nylon, 5/16 rope. Also a folded rawhide hondo. It came a week or so later with the honda already on the rope. I didn't even have to tie a knot, which I had second thoughts about, but what the hell, they are a rope company and tie knots all the time even if they tie a rose instead of a turks head or whatever I tie.
Fast forward to Saturday. Chance is here and we go rope and doctor yearlings. I rope several yearling bulls around the head and he heels them but really has hell catchin' two, what with the wind and the tall grass and all the sweet clover that is from 2 to 3 feet tall and real thick.
About the 3rd or 4th bull, I got him snubbed up and he is settin' back and Chance is havin' hell when BAM! The knot comes untied and turns him loose!
I never lost the hondo so after cussing I get off my horse and slip it onto the other end of the rope where there is another knot. (I usually don't keep a knot on the tail end of my rope. That way if it ever goes off the horn it don't grab your finger so much) We finish up doctoring cattle and come home and Monday and chew some knot tiers butt. Just think of the danger if that bull had been on the fight and one of us had been afoot! But of course, by Monday I had forgotten.
This afternoon I ride out to this same bunch and rope this 8 weight heifer around the neck and am trying to get her choked down or tangled up or whatever so I can tie her and doctor her for her sore foot. She is setting back and it reminds me of the bull on Saturday when BANG! The damn knot comes untied and this time I lose the expensive rawhide hondo!
I am calling Kings tomorrow and they better hope I am in a better mood than I am at the moment!
Sons a bitches ought to tie a damn turkshead instead of their fancy shmancy rose knot!
From now on I will tell them to just send the damn rope and I will tie the fricken knot!
They ought to send me a new hondo for free, seeing as it was their sorry ass knot that came untied that caused me to lose the other one!
12 comments so far! I didn't know there were so many out there reading this drivel!
Again, I thank you. I will see if I can please most of you. If I can't, oh well, as long as I please myself! Cuz that is what's really important, right?
Isn't that what society has been teaching and telling us for some time now?
We are all so caught up in our own small world that too many of us don't look at anything else. "Hey, as long as me and mine are taken care of, that's what's important."
Sure. But in order for that to happen, once in awhile we need to look around us at what is happening. Like the economy.
Anyone who doesn't think the price of oil doesn't effect all consumer goods, is living in a fools paradise. I know, I know, I'm getting political.
Okay, check out this story http://www.ibdeditorials.com/IBDArticles.aspx?id=301100787139910.
So far I can't make links work. Come on Linda, help me out!
We got a little shower last night. Settled the dust. Cooled things off. I ain't complaining. Been a wonderful spring and summer so far!
Oh. I will work on getting more pictures on here. Just ain't real sure what to post!


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Okay okay. Meet my banjo playing zombie sock monkey. He doesn't have a name yet. Would y'all help me find the right name for him?
He came home to me via a circuitous route. First, he was created my Danette, she of the brilliant www.SeriouslySickSocks.com She calls this little feller a "pocket zombie." Now, the thing is, she ran a contest this fall. Zombie haiku. And yes, friends and neighbors, yours truly won! YAY ME!
That so inspired me, that I sat my bum in the chair on November 1st and I began to write. (November is NaNoWriMo, right?) And on the 27th day, in time for me to make dinner, I won that too. Yep...right over the 50,000 word mark.
So, what does this mean? It means I STILL haven't finished knitting Tom's sweater.
So...Bye Bye Wave Wave


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Guru Granth Sahib
|Sri Guru Granth Sahib
Illuminated Guru Granth Sahib folio with nisan (Mul Mantar) of Guru Gobind Singh.
|Guru Gobind Singh
Sri Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi (Gurmukhi): ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, pronounced [ɡʊɾu ɡɾəntʰ sɑhɪb]) is the central religious text of Sikhism, considered by Sikhs to be the final, sovereign guru among the lineage of 10 Sikh Gurus of the religion.[1] It is a voluminous text of 1430 Angs (pages), compiled and composed during the period of Sikh gurus from 1469 to 1708[1] and is a collection of hymns (Shabad) or Baani describing the qualities of God[2] and the necessity for meditation on God's nām (holy name). Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708), the tenth guru, after adding Guru Tegh Bahadur's bani to the Adi Granth,[3][4] affirmed the sacred text as his successor.[5] The text is the holy scripture of the Sikhs, regarded as the teachings of the Ten Gurus.[6] The role of Guru Granth Sahib as a source or guide of prayer[7] is pivotal in Sikh worship.
The Adi Granth, the first rendition, was first compiled by the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan (1563–1606), from hymns of the first five Sikh gurus and 15 other great saints, or bhagats, including thirteen Hindu and two Muslim saints.[2][8][9] Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh guru, added all 115 of Guru Tegh Bahadur's hymns to the Adi Granth, and this second rendition became known as Guru Granth Sahib.[10] After the tenth Sikh guru died, Baba Deep Singh and Bhai Mani Singh prepared many copies of the work for distribution.[11]
The Guru Granth Sahib is written in the Gurmukhī script, in various dialects – including Lehndi Punjabi, Braj Bhasha, Khariboli, Sanskrit and Persian – often coalesced under the generic title of Sant Bhasha.[12]
|Part of a series on
|Sikh scriptures
|From a 17th-century copy of the Guru Granth Sahib
|Guru Granth Sahib
|Dasam Granth
|Sarbloh Granth
|Varan Bhai Gurdas
During the guruship of Guru Nanak, collections of his hymns were compiled and sent to distant Sikh communities for use in morning and evening prayers.[13] His successor, Guru Angad, began collecting his predecessor's writings. This tradition was continued by the third and fifth gurus as well.
When the fifth guru, Guru Arjan, was collecting the writings of his predecessor, he discovered that pretenders to the guruship were releasing what he considered as forged anthologies of the previous gurus' writings and including their own writings alongside them.[14] In order to prevent spurious scriptures from gaining legitimacy, Guru Arjan began compiling a sacred book for the Sikh community. He finished collecting the religious writings of Guru Ram Das, his immediate predecessor, and convinced Mohan, the son of Guru Amar Das, to give him the collection of the religious writings of the first three gurus.[14] In addition, he sent disciples to go across the country to find and bring back any previously unknown writings. He also invited members of other religions and contemporary religious writers to submit writings for possible inclusion.[14] Guru Arjan selected hymns for inclusion into the book, and Bhai Gurdas acted as his scribe.
While the manuscript was being put together, Akbar, the Mughal Emperor, received a report that the manuscript contained passages vilifying Islam. Therefore, while travelling north, he stopped en route and asked to inspect it.[15] Baba Buddha and Bhai Gurdas brought him a copy of the manuscript as it then existed. After choosing three random passages to be read, Akbar decided that this report had been false.[15] He also granted a request from Guru Arjan to remit the annual tax revenue of the district because of the failure of the monsoon.[15]
In 1604 Guru Arjan's manuscript was completed and installed at the Harmandir Sahib with Baba Buddha as the first granthi, or reader. Since communities of Sikh disciples were scattered all over northern India, copies of the holy book needed to be made for them.[15] The sixth, seventh, and eighth gurus did not write religious verses; however, the ninth guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, did. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, included Guru Tegh Bahadur's writings into the Guru Granth Sahib.[15]
In 1704 at Damdama Sahib, during a one-year respite from the heavy fighting with Aurengzeb which the Khalsa was engaged in at the time, Guru Gobind Singh and Bhai Mani Singh added the religious compositions of Guru Tegh Bahadur to Adi Granth to create a definitive version.[15] The religious verses of Guru Gobind Singh were not included in Guru Granth Sahib, but some of his religious verses are included in the daily prayers of Sikhs.[15] During this period, Bhai Mani Singh also collected Guru Gobind Singh's writings, as well as his court poets, and included them in a secondary religious volume, today known as the Dasam Granth Sahib This secondary text is not revered by the Sikhs, however, for whom only Guru Granth Sahib is Guru.[16]
Meaning and role in Sikhism
Sikhs consider the Guru Granth Sahib to be a spiritual guide not only for Sikhs but for all of humanity; it plays a central role in guiding the Sikhs' way of life. Its place in Sikh devotional life is based on two fundamental principles: that the text is the living Guru and that all answers regarding religion and morality can be discovered within it. Its hymns and teachings are called Gurbani or "Word of the guru" and sometimes Guru ki bani or "Word of Guru". Thus, in Sikh theology, the revealed divine word is written by the past Gurus. Numerous holy men, aside from the Sikh Gurus, are collectively referred to as Bhagats or "devotees."
Elevation of Adi Granth to Guru Granth Sahib
In 1708 Guru Gobind Singh conferred the title of "Guru of the Sikhs" upon the Adi Granth. The event was recorded in a Bhatt Vahi (a bard's scroll) by an eyewitness, Narbud Singh,[17] who was a bard at the Rajput rulers' court associated with gurus. A variety of other documents also attest to this proclamation by the tenth Guru. Thus, despite some aberrations, Sikhs since then have overwhelmingly accepted Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred book, as their eternal Guru
The entire Guru Granth Sahib is written in the Gurmukhi script, which was standardized by Guru Angad Dev in the 16th century. According to Sikh tradition and the Mahman Prakash, an early Sikh manuscript, Guru Angad invented the script at the suggestion of Guru Nanak during the lifetime of the founder.[18][19] The word Gurmukhī translates to "from the mouth of the Guru". It descended from the Laṇḍā scripts and was used from the outset for compiling Sikh scriptures. The Sikhs assign a high degree of sanctity to the Gurmukhī script.[20] It is the official script for writing Punjabi in the Indian State of Punjab.
Guru Granth Sahib is divided by musical settings or ragas[21] into 1,430 pages known as Angs (limbs) in Sikh tradition. It can be categorized into two sections:
- Introductory section consisting of the Mul Mantar, Japji and Sohila, composed by Guru Nanak;
- Compositions of Sikh gurus, followed by those of the bhagats who know only God, collected according to the chronology of ragas or musical settings (see below).
The word raga refers to the "color"[22] and, more specifically, the emotion or mood produced by a combination or sequence of pitches.[23] A raga is composed of a series of melodic motifs, based upon a definite scale or mode of the seven Swara psalmizations,[24] that provide a basic structure around which the musician performs. Some ragas may be associated with times of the day and year.[21] There are 31 ragas in the Sikh system, divided into 14 ragas and 17 raginis (minor or less definite ragas). Within the raga division, the songs are arranged in order of the Sikh gurus and Sikh bhagats with whom they are associated.
The ragas are, in order: Sri, Manjh, Gauri, Asa, Gujri, Devagandhari, Bihagara, Wadahans, Sorath, Dhanasri, Jaitsri, Todi, Bairari, Tilang, Suhi, Bilaval, Gond (Gaund), Ramkali, Nut-Narayan, Mali-Gaura, Maru, Tukhari, Kedara, Bhairav (Bhairo), Basant, Sarang, Malar, Kanra, Kalyan, Prabhati and Jaijawanti. In addition there are 22 compositions of Vars (traditional ballads). Nine of these have specific tunes, and the rest can be sung to any tune.[21]
Following is list of authors whose Hymns are present in Guru Granth Sahib:
- Kabir
- Ravidas
- Namdev
- Bhagat Beni
- Bhagat Bhikhan
- Bhagat Dhanna
- Jayadeva
- Bhagat Parmanand
- Bhagat Pipa
- Ramananda
- Bhagat Sadhana
- Bhagat Sain
- Surdas
- Bhagat Trilochan
- Guru Nanak
- Guru Angad
- Guru Amar Das
- Ramkali Sadu
- Fariduddin Ganjshakar
- Guru Ram Das
- Guru Arjan
- Satta Doom
- Balvand Rai
- Bhatt Kalshar
- Bhatt Balh
- Bhatt Bhalh
- Bhatt Bhika
- Bhatt Gayand
- Bhatt Harbans
- Bhatt Jalap
- Bhatt Kirat
- Bhatt Mathura
- Bhatt Nalh
- Bhatt Salh
- Guru Tegh Bahadur
Sanctity among Sikhs
No one can change or alter any of the writings of the Sikh gurus written in the Adi Granth. This includes sentences, words, structure, grammar and meanings. Following the example of the gurus themselves, Sikhs observe total sanctity of the text of Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Har Rai, for example, disowned one of his sons, Ram Rai, because he had attempted to alter the wording of a hymn by Guru Nanak.[25] Guru Har Rai had sent Ram Rai to Delhi in order to explain Gurbani to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. To please the Emperor he altered the wording of a hymn, which was reported to the guru. Displeased with his son, the guru disowned him and forbade his Sikhs to associate with him or his descendants.
A partial English translation of Guru Granth Sahib by Ernest Trumpp was published in 1877. The work was for use by Christian missionaries, and received extremely negative feedback from Sikhs.[26] Max Arthur Macauliffe's also partially translated the text, for inclusion in his 6-volume The Sikh Religion, published by Oxford University Press in 1909. His translations are closer to the Sikhs' own interpretation of the book, and were received well by them.[27]
The first complete English translation of Guru Granth Sahib, by Gopal Singh, was published in 1960. A revised version published in 1978 removed the obsolete English words like "thee" and "thou". In 1962, an 8-volume translation into English and Punjabi by Manmohan Singh was published by Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. In the 2000s, a translation by Sant Singh Khalsa (branded as "Khalsa Consensus Translation") became popular through its inclusion on major Sikhism-related websites.[28]
Guru Granth Sahib is always the focal point in any Gurudwara, being placed in the centre on a raised platform known as a Takht (throne), while the congregation of devotees sits on the floor and bow before the Guru as a sign of respect. Guru Granth Sahib is given the greatest respect and honour. Sikhs cover their heads and remove their shoes while in the presence of this sacred text. Guru Granth Sahib is normally carried on the head and as a sign of respect, never touched with unwashed hands or put on the floor.[29] It is attended with all signs of royalty, with a canopy placed over it. A chaur sahib is waved above the book. Peacock-feather fans were waved over royal or saintly beings as a mark of great spiritual or temporal status; this was later replaced by the modern Chaur sahib.
The Guru Granth Sahib is taken care of by a Granthi, who is responsible for reciting from the sacred text and leading Sikh prayers. The Granthi also acts as caretaker for the Guru Granth Sahib, keeping the book covered in clean cloths, known as rumala, to protect from heat, dust, pollution, etc. The Guru Granth Sahib rests on a manji sahib under a rumala until brought out again.[29]
The editing of Guru Granth Sahib is done by the official religious body of Sikhs based in Amritsar. Great care is taken while making printed copies and a strict code of conduct is observed during the task of printing.[30] Before the late nineteenth century, only handwritten copies were prepared. The first printed copy of the Guru Granth Sahib was made in 1864. Since the early 20th century, it has been printed in a standard edition of 1430 Angs. Any copies of Guru Granth Sahib deemed unfit to be read from are cremated, with a ceremony similar to that for cremating a deceased person. Such cremating is called Agan Bheta. Guru Granth Sahib is currently printed in an authorized printing press in the basement of the Gurudwara Ramsar in Amritsar; misprints and set-up sheets, and printer's waste with any of its sacred text on, are cremated at Goindval.[31]
Punjab Digital Library, in collaboration with the Nanakshahi Trust, began digitization of centuries-old manuscripts in 2003.
Max Arthur Macauliffe writes about the authenticity of the scriptures:
- The Sikh religion differs as regards the authenticity of its dogmas from most other theological systems. Many of the great teachers the world has known, have not left a line of their own composition and we only know what they taught through tradition or second-hand information. If Pythagoras wrote of his tenets, his writings have not descended to us. We know the teachings of Socrates only through the writings of Plato and Xenophon. Buddha has left no written memorial of his teaching. Kungfu-tze, known to Europeans as Confucius, left no documents in which he detailed the principles of his moral and social system. The founder of Christianity did not reduce his doctrines to writing and for them we are obliged to trust to the gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. The prophet Muhammad did not himself reduce to writing the chapters of the Quran. They were written or compiled by his adherents and followers. But the compositions of Sikh Gurus are preserved and we know at first hand what they taught.
Pearl Buck gives the following comment on receiving the First English translation of Guru Granth Sahib:
- I have studied the scriptures of the great religions, but I do not find elsewhere the same power of appeal to the heart and mind as I find here in these volumes. They are compact in spite of their length, and are a revelation of the vast reach of the human heart, varying from the most noble concept of God, to the recognition and indeed the insistence upon the practical needs of the human body. There is something strangely modern about these scriptures, and this puzzled me until I learned that they are in fact comparatively modern, compiled as late as the 16th century, when explorers were beginning to discover that the globe upon which we all live is a single entity divided only by arbitrary lines of our own making. Perhaps this sense of unity is the source of power I find in these volumes. They speak to a person of any religion or of none. They speak for the human heart and the searching mind.[32]
Some of the major messages can be summarized as follows: -
- One God for all.
- Everyone is equal - women are equal to men.
- Speak and live truthfully.
- Control the five vices.
- Live in God's hukam (will/order).
- Practice humility, kindness, compassion, love, etc.
- Always keep an open mind and keep learning.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Keene, Michael (2004). Online Worksheets. Nelson Thornes. p. 38. ISBN 0-7487-7159-X.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Penney, Sue. Sikhism. Heinemann. p. 14. ISBN 0-435-30470-4.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Ganeri, Anita (2003). Guru Granth Sahib and Sikhism. Black Rabbit Books. p. 13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kapoor, Sukhbir (2005). Guru Granth Sahib an Advance Study. Hemkunt Press. p. 139.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2005). Introduction to World Religions. p. 223.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kashmir, Singh. Sri Guru Granth Sahib — A Juristic Person. Global Sikh Studies. Retrieved 2008-04-01.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Singh, Kushwant (2005). A history of the sikhs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-567308-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Mahinder Gulati (2008), Comparative Religious And Philosophies : Anthropomorphlsm And Divinity, Atlantic, ISBN 978-8126909025, page 302
- ↑ Hindus: Ramananda, Namdev, Pipa, Ravidas, Beni, Bhikhan, Dhanna, Jaidev, Parmanand, Sadhana, Sain, Surdas, Trilochan
Muslims: Kabir, Farid;
Mahinder Gulati (2008), Comparative Religious And Philosophies : Anthropomorphlsm And Divinity, Atlantic, ISBN 978-8126909025, page 302
HS Singha (2009), The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Hemkunt Press, ISBN 978-8170103011, page 8
- ↑ Kapoor, Sukhbir. Guru Granth Sahib an Advance Study. Hemkunt Press. p. 139. ISBN 9788170103219.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Pruthi, Raj (2004). Sikhism And Indian Civilization. Discovery Publishing House. p. 188.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Harnik Deol, Religion and Nationalism in India. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-20108-X, 9780415201087. Page 22. "Remarkably, neither is the Qur'an written in Urdu language, nor are the Hindu scriptures written in Hindi, whereas the compositions in the Sikh holy book, Adi Granth, are a melange of various dialects, often coalesced under the generic title of Sant Bhasha."
The making of Sikh scripture by Gurinder Singh Mann. Published by Oxford University Press US, 2001. ISBN 0-19-513024-3, ISBN 978-0-19-513024-9 Page 5. "The language of the hymns recorded in the Adi Granth has been called Sant Bhasha, a kind of lingua franca used by the medieval saint-poets of northern India. But the broad range of contributors to the text produced a complex mix of regional dialects."
Surindar Singh Kohli, History of Punjabi Literature. Page 48. National Book, 1993. ISBN 81-7116-141-3, ISBN 978-81-7116-141-6. "When we go through the hymns and compositions of the Guru written in Sant Bhasha (saint-language), it appears that some Indian saint of 16th century...."
Introduction: Guru Granth Sahib. "Guru Granth Sahib Ji is written in Gurmukhi script. The language, which is most often Sant Bhasha, is very close to Punjabi. It is well understood all over northern and northwest India and is popular among the wandering holy men. Persian and some local dialects have also been used. Many hymns contain words of different languages and dialects, depending upon the mother tongue of the writer or the language of the region where they were composed."
Nirmal Dass, Songs of the Saints from the Adi Granth. SUNY Press, 2000. ISBN 0-7914-4683-2, ISBN 978-0-7914-4683-6. Page 13. "Any attempt at translating songs from the Adi Granth certainly involves working not with one language, but several, along with dialectical differences. The languages used by the saints range from Sanskrit; regional Prakrits; western, eastern and southern Apabhramsa; and Sahiskriti. More particularly, we find sant bhasha, Marathi, Old Hindi, central and Lehndi Panjabi, Sgettland Persian. There are also many dialects deployed, such as Purbi Marwari, Bangru, Dakhni, Malwai, and Awadhi."
Harjinder Singh, Sikhism. Guru Granth Sahib (GGS). "Guru Granth Sahib Ji also contains hymns which are written in a language known as Sahiskriti, as well as Sant Bhasha; it also contains many Persian and Sanskrit words throughout."
- ↑ Singh, Khushwant (1991). A history of the Sikhs: Vol. 1. 1469-1839. Oxford University Press. p. 34. Retrieved 18 December 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Singh, Khushwant (1991). A history of the Sikhs: Vol. 1. 1469-1839. Oxford University Press. pp. 54–56, 294–295. Retrieved 18 December 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 Singh, Khushwant (1991). A history of the Sikhs: Vol. 1. 1469-1839. Oxford University Press. pp. 54–55, 90, 148, 294–296. Retrieved 18 December 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ McLeod, W. H. (1990-10-15). Textual sources for the study of Sikhism. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226560854. Retrieved 11 June 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Singh, Gurbachan; Sondeep Shankar (1998). The Sikhs : Faith, Philosophy and Folks. Roli & Janssen. p. 55. ISBN 81-7436-037-9.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hoiberg, Dale; Indu Ramchandani (2000). Students' Britannica India. Popular Prakashan. p. 207. ISBN 0-85229-760-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Gupta, Hari Ram (2000). History of the Sikhs Vol. 1; The Sikh Gurus, 1469-1708. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers (P) Ltd. p. 114. ISBN 81-215-0276-4.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Mann, Gurinder Singh (2001). The making of Sikh Scripture. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 0-19-513024-3.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Brown, Kerry (1999). Sikh Art and Literature. Routledge. p. 200. ISBN 0-415-20288-4.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Giriraj, Ruhel (2003). Glory Of Indian Culture. Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. p. 96. ISBN 9788171825929.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 2. Routledge. 2013. p. 935. ISBN 9781136096020.
|last1=in Authors list (help)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Amrita, Priyamvada (2007). Encyclopaedia of Indian music. p. 252. ISBN 9788126131143.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bains, K.S. "A tribute to Bal Guru". The Tribune.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh (22 February 2011). Sikhism: An Introduction. I.B.Tauris. pp. 128–. ISBN 978-0-85773-549-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ John Stratton Hawley (1993). Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America. SUNY Press. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-0-7914-1425-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lynne Long (2005). Translation and Religion. Multilingual Matters. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-1-84769-550-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Fowler, Jeaneane (1997). World Religions:An Introduction for Students. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 354–357. ISBN 1-898723-48-6.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Jolly, Asit (2004-04-03). "Sikh holy book flown to Canada". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-01-05.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Eleanor Nesbitt, "Sikhism: a very short introduction", ISBN 0-19-280601-7, Oxford University Press, pp. 40-41
- ↑ Foreword to the English translation of Guru Granth Sahib Ji by Gopal Singh, 1960
Further reading
- Guru Granth Sahib (English Version) by Dr Gopal Singh M.A Ph.D., Published by World Book Centre in 1960
- Singh, Sahib (Prof) (1996). About The Compilation of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Amritsar: Lok Sahit Parkashan.
- Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (2010), Spiritual Manifesto of the World: Guru Granth Sahib, publisher Sikh University Press & Singh Brothers Amritsar, 2010.
External links
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Guru Granth Sahib
|Wikisource has original text related to this article:
- English translation of the Guru Granth Sahib Ji (PDF)
- The Guru Granth Sahib in Unicode format
- Granth Sahib.com
- Download Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji in Spanish / Español (doc)
- The "Oficial Translations of Siri Guru Granth Sahib in Spanish".Revised / PDF
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji(Gurmukhi) PDF
- Search Guru Granth Sahib in English, Gurmukhi and 52 other languages
|Preceded by
Guru Gobind Singh
|Sikh Guru
Guru Granth Sahib is the eternal and final living Guru
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