text:
Romans 8:16 The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God, (NASB: Lockman)
|Greek: auto to pneuma summarturei (3SPAI) to pneumati hemon hoti esmen (1PPAI) tekna theou.
Amplified: The Spirit Himself [thus] testifies together with our own spirit, [assuring us] that we are children of God. (Amplified Bible - Lockman)
NLT: For his Holy Spirit speaks to us deep in our hearts and tells us that we are God's children. (NLT - Tyndale House)
Phillips: The Spirit himself endorses our inward conviction that we really are the children of God. (Phillips: Touchstone)
Wuest: The Spirit himself is constantly bearing joint-testimony with our [human] spirit that we are God's children, (Eerdmans)
Young's Literal: The Spirit himself doth testify with our spirit, that we are children of God;
to RIGHTEOUSNESS
|Romans — 3:21-5:21
|Romans — 6:1-8:39
|Romans — 9:1-11:36
|Romans — 12:1-16:27
|God's Holiness
|God's Grace
|God's Power
|God's Sovereignty
Jew and Gentile
|Gods Glory
Object of
of Sin
of Grace
|Demonstration of Salvation
|Power Given
|Promises Fulfilled
|Paths Pursued
Restored to Israel
|God's Righteousness
|God's Righteousness
|God's Righteousness
|God's Righteousness
|God's Righteousness
|Slaves to Sin
|Slaves to God
|Slaves Serving God
|Life by Faith
|Service by Faith
Modified from Irving L. Jensen's excellent work "Jensen's Survey of the NT"
THE SPIRIT HIMSELF BEARS WITNESS WITH OUR SPIRIT: auto to pneuma summarturei (3SPAI) to pneumati hemon: (Ro 8:23,26; 2Corinthians 1:22; 5:5; Ephesians 1:13; 4:30; 1John 3:24, 4:13) (2Corinthians 1:12; 1John 3:19, 20, 21, 22; 5:10)
The Spirit Himself - The Holy Spirit Who indwells every believer from the inception of their new birth (Ro 8:9)
The KJV translation as "the Spirit itself" is explained by the fact that the Greek word "spirit" (pneuma) is neuter in gender; the personal pronoun according to the rules of Greek grammar must agree with its antecedent in gender, therefore, the translation "itself." The translators followed a slavish, idiomatic method of translation here instead of translating according to sense. The Holy Spirit is a Person. The pronoun should be rendered "Himself."
A comparison of Romans 8:15, 16 will bring out an important truth concerning the assurance of salvation. All too often a believer may come to the point of doubting his salvation because his or her sanctification (growth in holiness) has proceeded so slowly and so lamely. The Spirit, however, does not base His testimony to our spirit on our progress or the lack of progress in our Christian walk. The Spirit does not lead us to cry, "I am God's child" but does lead us to call upon God as Father and to look away from ourselves to Him Who established the paternal-child relationship.
Remember that the Spirit is holy and since He indwells all believers, their steps in sanctification may be "lame" from time to time, but there is always some evidence of a supernatural change in a genuine believer's behavior (2Cor 5:17-note). While they will never manifest perfection in this life, there is always a change in the "direction" of their life ("heavenward"). If not, then one seriously examine the state of their soul (see 2Cor 13:5-note, Ro 8:9-note).
Bears witness (testifies) (4828) (summartureo from sun/syn = with, together, speaks of intimacy + martureo = witness) literally means to bear witness with (or in support of another), to provide credible supporting evidence to one's case by giving testimony or by testifying. To show to be true, give evidence in support of.
The net result is to provide support to another. God knows believers need this support in regard to the assurance of their salvation and He makes abundant provision for our need.
The present tense emphasizes that the Holy Spirit continually bears witness with our spirit.
Summartureo - Used 3 times in the NT - Ro 2:15; 8:16; 9:1 twice referring to the conscience as witness and once in our text referring to the Holy Spirit.
Romans 2:15 in that they show the work of the Law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness and their thoughts alternately accusing or else defending them,
Romans 9:1 I am telling the truth in Christ, I am not lying, my conscience testifies with me in the Holy Spirit,
How is the Spirit's witness manifested? Olshausen beautifully says "in His comforting us, His stirring us up to prayer, His reproof of our sins, His drawing us to works of love, to bear testimony before the world, etc. On this direct testimony of the Holy Ghost rests, ultimately, all the regenerate man's conviction respecting Christ and His work."
Barclay writes that Paul "uses still another picture from Roman adoption. He says that God's spirit witnesses with our spirit that we really are his children. The adoption ceremony was carried out in the presence of seven witnesses. Now, suppose the adopting father died and there was some dispute about the right of the adopted son to inherit, one or more of the seven witnesses stepped forward and swore that the adoption was genuine. Thus the right of the adopted person was guaranteed and he entered into his inheritance. So, Paul is saying, it is the Holy Spirit himself who is the witness to our adoption into the family of God." (Romans 8 - William Barclay's Daily Study Bible)
Henry Alford asks and explains…
"What is this witness of the Spirit itself? All have agreed, and indeed this verse is decisive for it, that it is something separate from and higher than all subjective inferences and conclusions. But on the other hand, it does not consist in mere indefinite feeling, but in a certitude of the Spirit's presence and work continually within us. It is manifested, as Olshausen beautifully says, 'in His comforting us, His stirring us up to prayer, His reproof of our sins, His drawing us to works of love, to bear testimony before the world, etc.' And he adds, with equal truth, 'On this direct testimony of the Holy Ghost rests, ultimately, all the regenerate man's conviction respecting Christ and His work.' " (The New Testament for English Readers Online)
Spurgeon on the testimony of the Spirit…
It corroborates the testimony of conscience. We feel that we are the children of God; and the Spirit of God comes forward as a second, but still greater and higher witness, to confirm the testimony that we are the children of God.
At this point in Romans 8, Donald Barnhouse issues a solemn warning that all in the Body of Christ, preachers and parishioners, should hear and heed…
WE received the Holy Spirit of God when we were made alive in Christ. One of the first effects of this stupendous and miraculous work is that we know that we have become children of God. We have not received the spirit of bondage that we might relapse into fear, but we have received the Spirit of God in our public manifestation as sons. We immediately are the objects of a spiritual experience. We cry "Abba, Father," the Holy Spirit Himself testifying along with our human spirit that we are the children of God.
Several things about this experience must be examined closely. First, it must be understood that no spiritual experience is valid in itself. Every experience can be counterfeited, and therefore, no experience is valid that is not solidly based in correct theology. It is disastrous to build one's theology upon some experience; it is always necessary to explain our experience by the Word of God. In the course of the past centuries of church history abundant evidence has been accumulated to show that it is possible to mistake the voice of Satan for the voice of God, and that it is even more possible to mistake the voice of self for the voice of God. That is why we must always be willing to turn to the Word of God, why we must repudiate any voice that speaks contrary to the Word of God, and avoid any experience that is an end in itself. We want no "inner light" experience, "divine voice" experience, we want no ecstatic mysticism that feels rather than thinks. The certain fact of our reception as sons of God must be based objectively on the written Word of God, and then, subjectively, on the fact of the Holy Spirit's joint witness with our spirit…
The Holy Spirit does not bear witness to our spirits that we are children of God, but He bears witness with our spirits. The assurance of our salvation does not depend entirely upon the external testimony of the Holy Spirit, but there is an inward conviction which belongs to us, ourselves. We know that we have passed from death unto life; we have the inner conviction that we have become children of God. We find something within ourselves that turns outward and upward to God, so that we find ourselves crying, "Abba, Father." The Holy Spirit's testimony joins this testimony of our own inner being, confirms it, so that at the mouth of the two witnesses this thing is established. (God's Heirs: Romans 8:1–39)
THAT WE ARE CHILDREN (born ones) OF GOD: hoti esmen (1PPAI) tekna theou:
What better testimony can we have than that of these two witnesses, first of our own spirit, and then of the Holy Spirit himself, "that we are the children of God"? Note that this is not spoken concerning everybody. The doctrine of the universal Fatherhood of God in a doctrine of the flesh, and not of the Spirit; it is not taught anywhere in God's Word. This is a Fatherhood which relates only to those who are spiritual; we are born into it by the new birth, and brought into it by an act of grace in adoption. "Beloved, now are we the sons of God;" this is a special privilege that belongs only to those who are spiritual.
Many of you make a profession of being the children of God. Can your own spirit say that it is true? And is there, in addition to the witness of the Spirit within you that it is true? If not, unless there is a witness to our testimony, it avails nothing. Our Lord Jesus Christ said, "If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true"; and if he chooses to put himself on a level, as it were, with the rest of humanity in that respect, we cannot expect that our witness will stand for ought if it stands alone. No, there must be the Spirit himself bearing witness with our spirit that we are the children of God.
Children (5043) (teknon [word study]) literally refers to those who are born ones and so in the plural refers to descendants, posterity or children. Here tekna is used figuratively to refer to those who have by grace through faith been born (again by the Spirit - John 3:5, 6, 7, 8, Eph 2:8, 9-note) spiritually (Jn 1:12, 1Jn. 3:1, 2, 10; How can we be certain we are children of the Living God? = 1Jn 5:2). Believers also are God's children (tekna = "born ones") by the new birth (Jn 1:12,13 1Jn 3:1,2). The Holy Spirit bears testimony to our human spirit that we are children of God (teknon), without article, thus, children of God by nature), and our Spirit-energized spirit thus joins the Holy Spirit in a joint-testimony to that fact.
Teknon - Used in 91 verses in NT - Matt. 2:18; 3:9; 7:11; 9:2; 10:21; 15:26; 18:25; 19:29; 21:28; 22:24; 23:37; 27:25; Mk. 2:5; 7:27; 10:24, 29f; 12:19; 13:12; Lk. 1:7, 17; 2:48; 3:8; 7:35; 11:13; 13:34; 14:26; 15:31; 16:25; 18:29; 19:44; 20:31; 23:28; Jn. 1:12; 8:39; 11:52; Acts 2:39; 7:5; 13:33; 21:5, 21; Rom. 8:16f, 21; 9:7f; 1 Co. 4:14, 17; 7:14; 2 Co. 6:13; 12:14; Gal. 4:19, 25, 27f, 31; Eph. 2:3; 5:1, 8; 6:1, 4; Phil. 2:15, 22; Col. 3:20f; 1 Thess. 2:7, 11; 1 Tim. 1:2, 18; 3:4, 12; 5:4; 2 Tim. 1:2; 2:1; Tit. 1:4, 6; Philemon 1:10; 1 Pet. 1:14; 3:6; 2 Pet. 2:14; 1Jn. 3:1, 2, 10; 5:2; 2Jn. 1:1, 4, 13; 3 Jn. 1:4; Rev. 2:23; 12:4f
Wesley's famous experience on May 24, 1738 occurred while listening to Luther's preface to Romans, he felt his heart "strangely warmed. I felt I did trust in Christ, Christ alone, for salvation; and an assurance was given me that he had taken away my sins, even mine, and saved me from the law of sin and death."
He certainly does that through the inner work of illumination and sanctification, as well as through the longing for communion with God. But here Paul does not have in mind just some mystical small voice saying we are saved. Rather, he may be referring to the fruit of the Spirit (Ga5:22,23), which, when the Spirit produces it, gives the believer assurance. Or, he may be thinking of the power for service (Acts 1:8), which when experienced is evidence of the Spirit's presence, thus assuring one of salvation.
The nineteenth-century British pastor Billy Bray seemed never to have lacked that inner testimony. He had been converted from a life of drunken debauchery while reading John Bunyan's Visions of Heaven and Hell. He was so continuously overjoyed by God's grace and goodness that he said, "I can't help praising the Lord. As I go along the street, I lift up one foot, and it seems to say, 'Glory.' And I lift up the other, and it seems to say, 'Amen.' And so they keep on like that all the time I am walking."
Wayne Barber - The Spirit bears witness continuously with (not to) our spirit. This word is Greek is the "biscuit" word composed of "with" (sun) plus "bear witness" (martureo) thus picturing an intimate union & intimate knowledge t hat comes from the Spirit of God to our innermost spirit. You can know that you are a Christian. Wayne says that the way the Spirit does it with him is that He chastens & disciplines him every time he sins & He does not let him get away with sinning. The word "children" is teknon & means to bear the nature of another, in this context to bear the nature of our Father (2Pet 1:4 "partakers of the divine nature"). So the Spirit within us is continuously bearing witness that we are a child of God. Our relationship to sin will never be the same. Before we were saved we chased after SIN. Now that we are saved SIN chases after us. And the Spirit within us will not let us be "comfortable" toward sin. (Romans 8:12-17: Rights of the Holy Spirit )
Octavius Winslow writes the following section on The Spirit Testifying to the Believer's Adoption
"The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are God's children." Romans 8:16
"For his Holy Spirit speaks to us deep in our hearts and tells us that we are God's children." Romans 8:16
Having affirmed the Divine relationship of the believer, the Apostle now proceeds to adduce the divine evidence of a truth so great. He assumes that the actual existence of the believer's sonship, may, to his own soul, at times be a matter of painful uncertainty. This leads him to unfold the agency of the Spirit in authenticating the fact, thus at once neutralizing in the mind all doubt, and allaying all fear. "The Spirit himself bearing witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God."
With regard to the first point; it is not strange that the fact of his adoption should meet with much misgiving in the Christian's mind, seeing that it is a truth so spiritual, flows from a source so concealed, and has its seat in the profound recesses of the soul. The very stupendousness of the relationship staggers our belief. To be fully assured of our divine adoption demands other than the testimony either of our own feelings, or the opinion of men. Our feelings sometimes excited and visionary- may mislead; the opinion of others- often fond and partial- may deceive us. The grand, the Divine, and only safe testimony is, "the Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit." There exists a strong combination of evil tending to shake the Christian's confidence in the belief of his sonship. Satan is ever on the watch to insinuate the doubt. He tried the experiment with our Lord. "If you are the Son of God." In no instance would it appear that he actually denied the truth of Christ's divine relationship; the utmost that his temerity permitted was the suggestion to the mind of a doubt, leaving it there to its own working. Our blessed Lord thus assailed, it is no marvel that his disciples should be exposed to a like assault. The world, too, presumes to call it in question. "Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God: therefore the world knows us not, because it knew him not." Ignorant of the Divine Original, how can it recognize the divine lineaments in the faint and imperfect copy? It has no vocabulary by which it can decipher the "new name written on the white stone." The sons of God are in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, illumining it with their light, and preserving it by their grace, yet disguised from its knowledge, and hidden from its view. But the strongest doubts touching the validity of his adoption are those gendered in the believer's own mind. Oh, there is much there to generate and foster the painful misgiving. We have said that the very greatness of the favor, the stupendousness of the relationship, startles the mind, and staggers our faith. "What! to be a child of God! God my Father! Can I be the subject of a change so great, of a relationship so exalted? Who am I, O Lord God, and what is my house, that you should exalt me to be a king's son? Is this the manner of men, O Lord God?"
And, then, there crowd upon the believer's mind thoughts of his own sinfulness, and unworthiness of so distinguished a blessing. "Can it be? With such depravity of heart, such carnality of mind, such rebellion of will, such a propensity to evil each moment, and in everything such backslidings and flaws, does there yet exist within me a nature that links me with the Divine? It seems impossible!" And when to all this are added the varied dispensations of his Heavenly Father, often wearing a rough garb, assuming a somber aspect, threatening, and crushing; oh, it is no marvel that, staggered by a discipline so severe, the fact of God's love to him, and of his close and tender relation to God, should sometimes be a matter of painful doubt. That thus he should reason- "If his child, reposing in his heart, and sealed upon his arm, why is it thus? Would he not have spared me this heavy stroke? Would not this cup of suffering have passed my lips? Would he have asked me to slay my Isaac, to resign my Benjamin? All these things are against me." And thus are the children of God constantly tempted to question the fact of their adoption.
But the Lord has graciously and amply provided for this painful part of Christian experience in the Witness of the Spirit. The perfect competence of the Spirit is assumed. Who can reasonably question it? Is verity essential to a witness? Then is he most competent, for he is the "Spirit of truth." Essentially Divine, his testimony is to be received as of one whose truthfulness cannot be impeached. If he witnesses to us that we are born from above, and belong to the one family, then we may safely credit his testimony, and receive the comfort it imparts. Is it essential that he should know the fact whereof he affirms? Who so competent to authenticate the work of the Spirit in the heart as the Spirit himself? We, then, may safely confide in the truthful and intelligent testimony which the Spirit of God bears to our being the sons of God.
As to the great truth thus witnessed to by the Spirit, we are not to suppose that the testimony is intended to make the fact itself more sure; but simply to confirm our own minds in the comfortable assurance of it. Our actual adoption cannot be more certain than it is. It is secured to us by the predestinating love of God, and the everlasting covenant of grace; is confirmed by our union with the Lord Jesus, and is sealed by the Holy Spirit of promise. "Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will." But the testimony which the Spirit bears is designed to meet the phase of Christian experience just adverted to- the painful uncertainty to the children of God themselves, by which this truth is often enshrouded. It is not for the benefit of our fellow-creatures, still less for the satisfaction of God himself, but for the assurance and comfort of our own hearts, that the Spirit bears witness with our spirits that we are the children of God. The testimony is for the confirmation of our own faith, and the consolation of our own hearts.
But the question arises, What is the mode of his testimony? In attempting to supply an answer, we must acknowledge that we have no certain data to guide us. Sufficient light, however, beams from his work in general, to assist us in forming an intelligent and correct idea of his operations. How, then, may we suppose the Spirit witnesses with our spirit? Not by visions and voices; not by heats and fancies; nor by any direct inspiration, or new revelation of truth. Far different from this is the mode of his testimony. We may gather from the measure of light vouchsafed, that he first implants within the soul the germ of spiritual life, which beneath his culture produces the "fruits of love, joy, peace, patience, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance." From these we are left to draw the rational deduction of our adoption. If, for example, a child of God, with all lowliness of spirit, and after much prayerful inquiry, discover that, more or less, some of these effects of the Spirit's operation are developed in his experience, then it is no presumption in that individual, honestly and humbly to conclude that he is a child of God. This is the Spirit's witness, and he cannot gainsay it without wilful blindness, nor reject it without positive sin. The breathing of the renewed heart after holiness, supplies another illustration of the mode of the Spirit's testimony. The panting after Divine conformity is the Spirit's inspiration. Where, therefore, it exists, the deduction is, that the individual is a child of God. Thus, by begetting in us the Divine nature- by producing in us spiritual fruits- and by breathing in our souls a desire for holiness, the Spirit conducts us to the rational conclusion that we are born of God. By shedding abroad God's love in the soul by sprinkling the conscience with the atoning blood- by endearing the Savior to our hearts by leading us more simply to rest in his finished work, yes, to rest in himself- by creating and increasing love to the members of the one family, and fellowship with whatever is holy, and heavenly, and useful, he thus testifies to our divine relationship.
Nor would we pass by the harmony which subsists between the Bible and the experience of the sanctified heart, by which the Spirit witnesses that we are born of God. Whatever may be the mode of his testimony, it never contradicts the word of truth, but always is in perfect agreement with, and fully sustains it. As it is by the truth he quickens, and through the truth he sanctifies, so with the truth he witnesses. If our sentiments, and feelings, and actions are invariably and unequivocally opposed to God's revealed word, we may boast as we will of our divine relationship, we yet are self-deceived, and are "illegitimate children and not true sons." Is there in our lives a correspondence of Christian experience and revealed truth?
"I could not, without making my own doctrine outstrip my own experience, vouch for any other intimation of the Spirit of God, than that which he gives in the act of making the word of God clear unto you, and the state of your own heart clear unto you. From the one you draw what are its promises- from the other what are your own personal characteristics; and the application of the first to the second may conduct to a most legitimate argument, that you personally are one of the saved- and that not in tardy or elaborate argument either, but with an evidence quick and powerful as the light of intuition. By a single deposition of conscience, for example, I may know that I do indeed hunger and thirst after righteousness; and by a single glance with the eye of my understanding, I may recognize a Savior's truth, and a Savior's tenderness in the promise that all who do so shall be filled; and without the intervention of any lengthened process of reasoning, I may confidently give to the general announcement in the gospel such a specific application to myself, as to convey my own distinct and assured hope of a particular interest therein. Thus there is no whisper of the Spirit distinct from the testimony of the word. Thus there is no irradiation, but that whereby the mind is enabled to look reflexly and with rational discernment upon itself. And hence there is no conclusion, but what comes immediately and irresistibly out of promises which are clear to me, while they lie hidden in deepest obscurity from other men: and all this you will observe with the rapidity of thought by a flight of steps so few, as to be got over in an instant of time- by a train of considerations strictly logical, while the mind that enjoys and is impressed with all this light is not sensible of any logic- and yet withal by the Spirit of God, for it is he who has brought the word near, and given it weight and significancy to my understanding, and it is he who has manifested to me the thoughts and intents of my own heart, and evinced some personal characteristic within that is coincident with the promise without, and it is he who sustains me in the work of making a firm and confident application. In all this he utters no voice. The word of God made plain to my convictions, and his own work upon me made plain to my conscience- these are the vocables, and I do imagine the only vocables, by which he expresses himself; but enough to furnish any Christian with a reason of the hope that is in him, and better than articulation itself to solace and to satisfy the inquiring spirit of its relationship to the family of God." (Chalmers).
Nor is the comfort which the Spirit imparts the least evidence of our adoption. As our chastenings are marks of our sonship, equally so are our consolations. The kindly view the Spirit gives of our Father's dispensations- the meek submission of the will- the cordial acquiescence of the heart- and the entire surrender of the soul to God, which he creates, supplies us with indisputable ground for drawing a conclusion favorable to the reality of our being the children of God. There is a depth of sympathy and a degree of tenderness in God's comforts, which could only flow from the heart of a Father- that Father, God himself. "As a father pities his children, so the Lord pities those who fear him." Sweet to know that the correction and the consolation, the wounding and the healing, flow from the same heart- come from the same hand, and each bear a message of love, and a token of sonship. Is the God of all comfort sustaining, soothing, and quieting your oppressed, chafed, and sorrowful heart? Oh, it is the Spirit's witness to your adoption.
Bending to your grief, and associating himself with every circumstance of your sorrow, he seeks to seal on your softened heart the deeper, clearer impress of your filial interest in God's love. And oh, if this overwhelming bereavement- if this crushing stroke- if the bitterness and gloom of this hour be the occasion of the Spirit's gentle, gracious lifting you from the region of doubt and distress, as to your sonship, into the serene sunlight of your Father's love, so that you shall question, and doubt, and deny no more your acceptance in the Beloved, and your adoption into his family, will you not kiss the rod, and love the hand, and bless the heart that has smitten? One word in conclusion. Forget not that the inward seal of adoption is testified by the outward seal of sanctification, and that if the Spirit of Christ is in your heart, the fruits of the Spirit will be exhibited in your life. Then, thus meek, and gentle, and lowly, like the Savior; separated from the world, that you live not and joy not, as the world does- in the secret chamber of your soul you shall often hear the voice of God, saying, "I will be a Father unto you, and you shall be my sons and daughters, says the Lord Almighty." (The Spirit Testifying to the Believer's Adoption in the book entitled NO CONDEMNATION IN CHRIST JESUS by Octavius Winslow)
Romans 8:17 and if children, heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him so that we may also be glorified with Him. (NASB: Lockman)
Greek: ei de tekna, kai kleronomoi; kleronomoi men theou, sugkleronomoi de Christou, eiper sumpaschomen (1PPAI) hina kai sundoxasthomen.
Amplified: And if we are [His] children, then we are [His] heirs also: heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ [sharing His inheritance with Him]; only we must share His suffering if we are to share His glory. (Amplified Bible - Lockman)
NLT: And since we are his children, we will share his treasures--for everything God gives to his Son, Christ, is ours, too. But if we are to share his glory, we must also share his suffering. (NLT - Tyndale House)
Phillips: Think what that means. If we are his children we share his treasures, and all that Christ claims as his will belong to all of us as well! Yes, if we share in his suffering we shall certainly share in his glory. (Phillips: Touchstone)
Wuest: and since children, also heirs; on the one hand, heirs of God, on the other, joint-heirs with Christ, provided that we are suffering with Him in order that we also may be glorified together, (Eerdmans)
Young's Literal: and if children, also heirs, heirs, indeed, of God, and heirs together of Christ -- if, indeed, we suffer together, that we may also be glorified together.
AND IF (fulfilled condition = since were are) CHILDREN: ei de tekna: (Ro 8:3,29,30; 5:9,10,17; Luke 12:32; Acts 26:18; Galatians 3:29; 4:7; Ephesians 3:6; Titus 3:7; Hebrews 1:14; 6:17; James 2:5; 1Peter 1:4)
If - This "if" is not "iffy" but in the original Greek conveys the sense of absolute certainty. The "if" could therefore be translated as "since they are children" (because they are children of God - as an aside [as alluded to above] NOT all those born physically are children of God, contrary to popular opinion. Biblical "opinion" trumps popular opinion and the apostle -- the apostle John clearly teaches that the mode by which a sinner [Ro 5:12, 1Ki 8:46, 2Chr 6:36, Ps 130:3; Pr 20:9, Eccl 7:20; Ro 3:23] destined for eternal separation from God (John 3:17,18,19, 36, Rev 20:11, 12, 13, 14, cp 2Th 1:5, 6, 7, 9, 10 - Hell in Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology) becomes a child of God is by belief [NB: in context of Jn 1:12, "received" equates with "believe"] independent of human merit - John 1:12, 13, cp John 3:5, 6, 7,8, 5:24)
Children (5043) (teknon) emphasizes family relationship based on regeneration, while "sons" (huios) stresses legal standing. A final truth about adoption is that it involves an inheritance (Romans 8:17). In line with current legal provisions that enabled even a slave, once adopted, to inherit his master's possessions, Paul teaches that the Christian follows a similar course: a slave (to sin), a child, then an heir (Ro 8:15-note, Ro 8:16, 17; cf. Ga 4:6, 7). How unexpected and how breathtaking is the gracious provision of God! The marvel increases with the news that we are co-heirs with Christ. Sharing his sufferings may be looked at as simply the cost of discipleship. Yet it has a brighter aspect, because it is the prelude to partaking with him of the coming glory (cf. 1Pe 4:13-note).
Spurgeon - Oh that if—"if children." There are some that get over all that. They believe in a universal fatherhood, which is not worth the words in which they describe it. This is a different fatherhood altogether.
HEIRS ALSO HEIRS OF GOD: kai kleronomoi kleronomoi men theou: (Matthew 25:21; Luke 22:29,30; John 17:24; 1Co 2:9; 3:22,23; Rev 3:21; 21:7)
Spurgeon elaborates on our inheritance…
Heirs (2818) (Kleronomos from kleros = a lot - lots were cast or drawn to divide property or select a winner or an heir + nemomai = to possess, to distribute among themselves), literally refers to one who obtains a lot or portion. It is one who receives something as a possession or a beneficiary (the person named as in an insurance policy to receive proceeds or benefits). It signifies more than one who inherits and it includes the idea of taking into possession. The New Testament usage of kleronomos applies primarily to the realm of spiritual inheritance.
Detzler records a different origin stating that kleronomos
In the Greco-Roman world the word kleronomos was a legal term and was found on ancient inscriptions of Asia Minor to refer to a son after he was succeeded to the inheritance as representative of his father, undertaking all the duties and obligations of his father.
A heir is one who receives or is entitled to receive some endowment or quality from a parent or predecessor
Richards writes that kleronomos is "one who takes possession of or inherits. The emphasis is on the heir's right to possess. (Richards, L O: Expository Dictionary of Bible Words: Regency)
Vincent comments that…
Vine commenting on the use of kleronomos in Hebrews 1:2 (note) writes that
Gerald Cowen has a lengthy note on kleronomos…
See excellent summary of Inheritance in Baker's Evangelical Dictionary article
The believer's heirship is not merely a future hope but a present reality. Even now in this present life we have the right as God's children to look forward to the full possession of that which we now possess only in principle. And this future inheritance serves to motivate us to godliness, etc for as C S Lewis wrote…
A continual looking forward to the eternal world is not a form of escapism or wishful thinking, but one of the things a Christian is meant to do. It does not mean that we are to leave the present world as it is. If you read history, you will find that the Christians who did the most for the present world were just those who thought most of the next.
The cry of "Abba" is the first mark of new life in Jesus Christ, the sign of being a Christian, the sign of being a child of God -- you know the Father. But the sign of a son is somewhat different. The sign of a son of God is that he is an heir of God, and has begun to possess and enjoy his inheritance. I realize that the son and the child are the same person. If you are a child, this also makes you the potential heir -- this is certainly true. But there is a difference between entering into the full possession of your inheritance and simply having it held in abeyance for you until you reach your age of majority. This is what the apostle is talking about here. In other words, until you begin to live in the fullness of the Spirit of God, you are like a minor child who has not yet entered into his inheritance. For it is those "who are led by the Spirit of God" who "are the sons of God." This is what he is talking about all along. Paul is trying to urge us to enter into our inheritance.
This picture that he draws comes from the Roman custom of adopting their children. A Roman father, if he had male children, never referred to them as his sons until they were of age. They were his children, but they were not his sons. But, when they became of age (which was about 14 in the Roman system) he took them down to the public forum, and, there, they were publicly adopted by their own father and thereafter regarded as his heirs. They entered into participation in their father's business, and had a share in his inheritance. This is what Paul is referring to here. As long as we are just children of God we know the Father, we are in the family of God, but we never begin to enter into our inheritance until we learn to walk in the Spirit as sons of God.
William Newell has a thoughtful comment on the phrase…
As Christians, we need to begin to see that salvation never really begins to make sense until we start acting as mature sons of God. This is when our salvation begins to count -- when we enter into the wonderful liberty of the sons of God.
Ray Stedman asks…
The actual experience of obtaining our full inheritance awaits the return of our Lord and Savior.
Illustration - English poet Edward Lear, known for his quaint children's poems and accompanying drawings, was asked to give Queen Victoria drawing lessons. After one of the lessons, the Queen showed Lear several of the family heirlooms that were on display in her living quarters in the palace. Lear, taken with the beauty of the things he saw, without thinking cried out: "Oh, where did you get all these beautiful things?" Queen Victoria replied, "I inherited them, Mr. Lear." In this passage the apostle reminds Titus of the precious inheritance he received when he experienced the washing of rebirth and the renewal of the Holy Spirit. (Today in the Word)
AND FELLOW HEIRS WITH CHRIST: sugkleronomoi de Christou:
Fellow heirs (4789) (sugkleronomos from sun = with, together, implying a closer relationship, intimacy or union + kleronomos = heir, sharer by lot, a possessor) is a joint heir, one who participates in the same lot. Sugkleronomos speaks of receiving possessions along with another OR OF inheriting together with. Heirs as used by Paul describes one who obtains something assigned to himself with others and the focus is upon receiving an unearned gift. In the biblical sense 'heirs of God' are those who receive the blessings that God has for His people.
Even in the OT (cf Genesis 12:3) God had included Gentiles in the sphere of salvation, but heretofore it was never on an equal footing with Jewish believers. Now God has revealed that the Gentiles are to share equally with saved Jews as heirs of God, joint heirs with Jesus Christ (Ro 8:17), and fellow heirs with all the redeemed. The two have become one new man in Christ.
Kleronomos signifies more than one who inherits, or obtains a portion --it means to take into possession.
Sugkleronomos is used of , Heb 11:9; of husband and wife who are also united in Christ, 1Pe 3:7; here in Ephesians of Gentiles who believe, as participants in the gospel with Jews who believe, and of all believers as prospective participants with Christ in His glory, as recompense for their participation in His sufferings, Ro 8:17.
Fellow (joint) heirs is used 4 times in the NT…
With Christ (this speaks of our union with our Covenant Head - see related phrase in Christ) - God appointed His Son to be heir of all things (Heb 1:2-note). Every adopted child will receive by divine grace the full inheritance Christ receives by divine right (cf. Mt 25:21 Jn 17:22 2Co 8:9, 1Pe 1:3, 4-note). The rich young ruler asked Jesus, what he must do to inherit eternal life? (Lk 18:18). But the rich young ruler missed the point, because inheritance is not a matter of doing, it is a matter of being - of being in the right family, God's family (in Christ rather than in Adam, the family into which every human being is born physically = Ro 5:12-note; 1Cor 15:22, cp Jn 1:11, 12, 13, 1Jn 3:1-note. The family in Adam is subject to the leadership and control of the devil - see Jn 8:44, Eph 2:1, 2-note, Eph 2:3-note; cp 1Jn 3:10, Acts 26:18, Col 1:13, 14- note). Dear believer, are you a true child of God and yet find yourself living with the attitude of the rich young ruler? We are saved the first time (justification) by faith and not by keeping the law or by doing works. We are thereafter progressively set apart, sanctified or made holy the very same way -- by faith (Col 2:6-note; 2Co 5:7, cp 2Co 4:18, Gal 2:20-note; See related discussion - Three Tenses of Salvation)
In many families children inherit their parents' estates. Each child is an heir and the children together are co-heirs. Similarly, since Christians are God's children, they are His heirs (Ga 4:7), and they are co-heirs with Christ. They are recipients of all spiritual blessings (Ep 1:3-note) now, and in the future they will share with the Lord Jesus in all the riches of God's kingdom (Jn 17:24 1Co 3:21, 22, 23,).
William Newell comments on "heirs of God… fellow heirs"…
IF (since, as is the fact) INDEED WE SUFFER WITH HIM: eiper sumpaschomen (1PPAI) hina kai sundoxasthomen (1PAPS): (Mt 16:24; Lk 24:26; Jn 12:25,26; Acts 14:22; 2Co 4:8, 9, 10, 11, 12; Php 1:29; 2Ti 2:10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
If - First class conditional - In view of the fact that we suffer with Him (note also that "suffer" is in the present tense). Suffering is not one our favorite "promises" in God's Promise Book but it is clearly promised for "indeed, all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will be persecuted." (2Ti 3:12 - note)
We suffer with Him - Note two things (1) we will suffer but (2) we will not suffer alone but with Him, our beloved Bridegroom, the lover of our souls, the one Who will stick closer than a brother (Pr 18:24), our Dearest Friend Who will loves at all times (Pr 17:17), especially when we suffer for His sake (Isa 43:2). So the next time you are being persecuted for the sake of righteousness (you may not be flogged 39 times but in some ways it's just as painful to get a "cold shoulder" or a snide remark filled with disgust and skepticism), recall to your mind that like the old secular/spiritual song (by Elvis Presley) says "You Will Never Walk Alone [ as you listen think of the truth that you will forever walk "with Him", with Christ Jesus]!" (Isa 41:10, 14, Dt 31:6, 7, 8, Josh 1:5, 9, Ps 23:4, 2Ti 4:17)
Suffering with Him - Suffering (note the "context" [context must be "king" to assure accurate interpretation] - not "suffering" in general as is the lot of all mankind but "with Him") is the "birthmark" so to speak of a genuine child of God. Proof of the believer's authenticity is that he or she suffers (including mockery, ridicule, physical persecution or even martyrdom) because of His Lord. Suffering in this sense (with Him) is an expression of our covenantal union with Christ (cp in covenant "two become one" - see notes Covenant: The Exchange of Robes; Covenant: The Oneness of Covenant), so that because of that union, when we suffer (for His Name's sake), He suffers with us (do not misunderstand, for this in no way implies Christ's atoning work on the Cross was not satisfactory to pay for sin and provide for redemption, for His death was totally, eternally satisfactory [cp Ro 3:24, 25, 26-note - see also Propitiation] and represents Christ's once for all time sacrificial offering - He 7:27-note, He 9:12-note, He 10:10-note - see also Col 1:24 - note). This truth about our suffering with Christ is very important to understand. Suffering in general (as occurs in lives of believers and unbelievers alike) is not what Paul is referring, but it is specifically suffering with Christ that shows we are His children and which is preparing us for our future glory with Him. There can and often is suffering in our life that is not with Him. If His life is in us (ie, we are genuine believers), He lives His life through us, and we are guaranteed to be persecuted in one form or another. That
That believers are to endure suffering is not a popular teaching to say the least but it is thoroughly Biblical and is reiterated throughout the New Testament (e.g., see 2Ti 3:12 - note, Jn 15:18, 19, 20, 21, Php 1:29, 30- note, 1Th 3:2, 3- note, 1Th 3:4, 5- note, Heb 2:10 - note, Heb 5:8 - note, 1Pe 2:20 - note, 1Pe 2:21 - note; 1Pe 1:6,7 - note; 1Pe 4:12,13,14 - note; 2Ti 1:7 - note, 2Ti 1:8 - note; Lk 12:11; Ps 56:3,4 Acts 5:41,42 Acts 14:22 Mt 5:10,11,12 - note). I remember the time I was interviewing a prospect for membership in the evangelical church I attended at the time. I ask him "Have you ever suffered for your faith?" I was not trying to "trip him up" but reasoned that suffering is one of those clear earmarks of Spirit rebirth. I suppose I could have ask him "Are you a believer?" But which question would be more likely to yield a definite answer regarding his status of his salvation? Interestingly, the man quite proudly replied "Why, I've never suffered for my faith", reasoning that salvation is a good thing (which it of course is) and why should anyone ever suffer for their faith if it is a good thing. Now, in fairness to this prospective member, it is clearly unfair to judge him as an unbeliever. It could well be that he had never been taught the truth that suffering is one of the "birthmarks" of a genuine believer. Interestingly, the leadership of that church never asked me again to interview prospective members! Did I suffer with Him? Perhaps. The main point of this anecdotal story is that suffering is simply not a popular sermon topic and yet it is one that believers desperately need to understand for this truth permeates the Gospels, the book of Acts, and both the Pauline and General epistles. I think our persecuted brethren in the difficult "10/40 Window" (the most concentrated area of people groups unreached by the Gospel of Jesus Christ) can more fully comprehend Paul's message here in Romans 8:17 and in fact they undoubtedly draw great comfort from this truth.
John MacArthur explains that "Self-centered Christians who serve the Lord halfheartedly seldom have to pay a price for their faith. They are of little threat to Satan's work because they are of little benefit to Christ's. (I would dare take this thought a step further and say could it be that one who never ever has had to suffer for his faith in Messiah may not be a genuine partaker of Christ? Why would the Spirit teach in so many places it is he that holds fast to the end who is a partaker of Christ [Heb 3:14-note]… who is His house [Heb 3:6-note]?) (MacArthur, J: Romans 1-8. Chicago: Moody Press)
Kenneth Wuest emphasizes that the "If" in this verse introduces "a fulfilled condition. That is, the Spirit constantly bears testimony in company with our spirit that we are children of God, and since children, also heirs, on the one hand, heirs of God, on the other hand, joint-heirs with Christ, the identifying mark of heirship, suffering together with Christ in order that we, the believer and Christ, may be glorified together. (Wuest, K. S. Wuest's Word Studies from the Greek New Testament: Eerdmans)
Marvin Vincent says that "Roman law made all children including adopted ones, equal inheritors. Jewish law gave a double portion to the eldest son. The Roman law was naturally in Paul's mind, and suits the context, where adoption is the basis of inheritance."
On the phrase, "suffer with Him," Vincent adds that "Mere suffering does not fulfill the condition. It is suffering with Christ."
Denney says "The inheritance attached to divine sonship is attained only on the condition expressed in the clause, 'if so be we suffer with Him, that we may be also glorified together.'… Paul was sure of it in his own case, and took it for granted in that of others. Those who share Christ's sufferings now will share His glory hereafter; and in order to share His glory hereafter, it is necessary to begin by sharing His sufferings here. (Nicoll, W Robertson, Editor: Expositors Greek Testament: 5 Volumes. Online)
Amy Carmichael wrote these piercing words that speak to the call on the life of every follower of Jesus (2Ti 3:12-note, Php 1:29-note, 2Co 4:17)…
IN ORDER THAT WE MAY ALSO BE GLORIFIED WITH HIM: hina kai sundoxasthomen (1PAPS):
First the Cross
In order that - Always pause to ponder terms of purpose or result such as so that, in order that, that, as a result.
May be… glorified with (4888) (sundoxazo from sun/syn = together - speaks of an intimate union + doxazo [word study] = to glorify) (Only use in the NT) means to be exalted to the same glory to which Christ has been raised. John describes this blessed hope of all believers writing…
Some believe that the more a believer suffers in this life for the sake of his Lord, the greater will be his capacity for glory in heaven. Jesus made this relationship clear in [Mt 20:21, 22, 23], when He told James, John, and their mother that elevation to prominence in the future kingdom will be related to experiencing the depths of the cup of suffering through humiliation here and now. As with the relationship between works and rewards (1Co 3:12, 13, 14, 15), the spiritual quality of our earthly life will, in some divinely determined way, affect the quality of our heavenly life.
John MacArthur comments
The suffering in this life creates reactions that reflect the genuine condition of the soul. God allows suffering to drive believers to dependence on Him-an evidence of their true salvation. Suffering because of our faith not only gives evidence that we belong to God and are destined for heaven but also is a type of preparation for heaven.
Wayne Barber explains that


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A study released by the College Board Advocacy & Policy Center says almost 17 percent of 2008 graduates borrowed $30,500 or more to get their bachelor's degrees. Students at for-profit colleges were especially burdened with large debt. According to the study, 53 percent of the degree recipients at for-profit colleges had debt of $30,500. That's compared with 24 percent at private nonprofit college and 12 percent at public schools. To read the full study in PDF format, click here.
The study, which is based on the 2007-2008 academic year, also reveals that debt levels are more prevalent among black bachelor's degree recipients than other racial groups. The study found that 27 percent of black bachelor's degree recipients borrowed $30,500 or more, compared to 16% of whites, 14% of Hispanics/Latinos, and 9% of Asians.
One-third of all bachelor's degree recipients didn't have any education debt.
From the College Board study:
"Borrowing for college is a wise investment for most students, but it is difficult for students to estimate in advance how much they will be able to comfortably repay after they graduate. Too many students are among the minority who borrow amounts that are likely to cause them difficulties, particularly if their earnings are either below average or unusually event over time."
Have you had or are you experiencing debt woes from college? For more of our coverage on education, click here.
Don't miss out on this 2-for-1 match!

subset: commoncrawl


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Doctor of Medicine (MD)
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Paying for Your Education
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FIU Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine
11200 SW 8th Street – AHC2 390W2
Miami, FL 33199
Tel: 305-348-0644
Fax: 305-348-0650
Email: email@example.com


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My New Year's vow for 2012 is to keep a detailed record of every penny I spend on my horses. Not that it will be shocking, or encourage me to change my ways. I already have a very solid idea of what I spend. In some parts of the world, I could no doubt feed an entire village for a decade for what I spend. If we all gave up horses, we could probably end world hunger. I just want to know exactly what my ponies are costing me. So a credit card devoted to equine expenditures only, seemed like a good idea. But this is really rationale number two.
The real reason I chose to get a new card is that it is a Dover rewards card. Yes, that Dover. Dover Saddlery for those who are unsure of what I mean (Mom, that's probably you.). I love Dover, but their shipping is outrageous. But ... if you hold a Dover card and use it to place your order, you get $4.95 flat rate shipping. Seriously? I can't even drive across town and back for that price. Not only does using the card earn you cheap shipping, but you also earn points for every purchase. And if that purchase is from Dover, you earn ten times as many points. When you accumulate enough points, you get a gift card to use at Dover.
Tracking my spending, cheap shipping, and earned gifts cards are most of the rationale for getting a new card. The deal sealer was the cute card that they offered. It has a dressage rider on the front. See, I told you my dad wouldn't approve. As a side note, as cute as this card is, it's not as cute as my ATM card. Speedy G's picture is on that one!


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Thank you for your interest in our free 14 day trial. Your free trial account will include all of our standard system functionality, including the option to sell your images as prints or downloads direct to your clients.
Our free trial is limited to a simple design for your client area but a full customised website matching service is available if you wish to commit to a standard package (annual, monthly or pay-as-you-go tariff). As this is a free trial, please note that our order fulfilment option is not available during the trial period.
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1. Consider the Following Statements about Eleventh Five Year Plan.
1. The Plan envisages an impressive increase in total Plan expenditure of the Centre and States taken together from 9.4% of the GDP in the 10th Plan to 13.5% of GDP in the 11th Plan.
2. The outlay on education goes up from 7.68% of the Central Gross Budgetary Support in the 10th Plan to over 14% in the 11th Plan.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a). 1 only b). 2 only
c). 1 and 2 d). Neither 1 nor 2
Read at : QUIZ QC4: Current Affair & General Awareness – IAS General Studies Prelim
Download Complete Program at ~
'Plan Dec': 20 Mock Tests – G. S. Pre 2009:


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FlowerBox is proud to support arts, culture, and gardens in our community - because it's so important to me!
I love gardens, culture and the arts. It's really that simple. They are so integral to flowers, the art of flower arranging and the joy it brings to my life every day. It's why I serve on the board of the Lan Su Chinese Garden, and it's why I donate both time and money to my favorite organizations.
It's my pleasure to give back to these amazing organizations in our community because they give us so much beauty!
How we give back: My approach is simple. If you are a garden, arts organization or a cultural organization that needs flowers for an event, I would love to support your efforts! Simply e-mail me me directly, and I'll consider your request. We require the use of FlowerBox products and our logo on each box. We will work with you to make the products fit into your event and create a lovely, lasting impression on your guests. In the end, we want your guests to enjoy our products, and know that we support your organization, but we don't want to take away from your event either. I look forward to hearing from you and helping you create an amazing event or fundraiser!
Travis Rigby, President
Who we are:
We are FlowerBox, and we want to change the way you think about vases! Read More
Today we're creating a simple design using a variety of spring-time flowers to create a romantic flower arrangement!
Read More


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Practical ASP.NET
Here's how to use SpecFlow to convert plain-text scenario steps into .NET types.
SpecFlow allows the building of a bridge between the business and the development team by allowing the creation of business-readable tests. It does this by allowing the writing of high-level scenarios written in natural language (English, French, German and so on).
A scenario consists of a number of steps and steps can contain parameters. Parameterized steps allow the re-use of step code and reduce test code duplication. For example, if you wanted to write some test code to set up when a password was last changed, a parameterized step definition could be created, as shown here:.
[Given(@"I last changed my password (.*) days ago")]
public void GivenMyPasswordWasCreatedOverDaysAgo(int daysSincePasswordChanged)
This parameterized step definition can now be called from multiple scenarios and different values for the number of days to be specified:
Given I last changed my password 30 days ago
Given I last changed my password 10 days ago
Given I last changed my password 366 days ago
Automatic Step Value Conversion
SpecFlow can automatically convert the plain text in the scenario steps into .NET types. Basic conversions are supported such as conversions to integers, conversions to enum values and conversions to Guids. Listing 1 shows three step definitions that take advantage of this automated step parameter conversion.
[Given(@"Step with basic conversion of int (.*)")]
public void GivenStepWithBasicConversionOfInt(int i)
[When(@"Step with enum conversion of (.*)")]
public void WhenStepWithEnumConversionOfEnum(ConsoleColor color)
[Then(@"Step with GUID conversion of (.*)")]
public void ThenStepWithGUIDConversion(Guid g)
Here's an example step text that matches that listing:
Scenario: Built in Conversions
Given Step with basic conversion of int 42
When Step with enum conversion of DarkMagenta
Then Step with GUID conversion of E6E4174C-B00E-4890-962D-7789B12472F7
Custom Conversions
In addition to automatically converted values, SpecFlow is extensible and allows custom conversions to be created. For example, the step text, "Given I last changed my password 30 days ago," could map to a DateTime parameter in the step definition. Out of the box, SpecFlow doesn't know how to convert from the string "30 days ago" into an instance of a .NET DateTime. Here's a scenario that might make use of this type of custom conversion:
Scenario: Force password update if current password is too old
Given I last changed my password 30 days ago
When I log in successfully
Then I should be asked to enter a new password
In the matching step definition, the type of the parameter value is of DateTime:
[Given(@"I last changed my password (.* days ago)")]
public void GivenMyPasswordWasCreatedOverDaysAgo(DateTime passwordLastChanged)
If this scenario were executed, it would fail with an error: "The string was not recognized as a valid DateTime."
To create a custom conversion from the text "n days ago" to a DateTime, the [StepArgumentTransformation] attribute can be applied to a method that will be automatically called to perform the conversion. The method that has this attribute applied must be inside a class that is marked with the SpecFlow [Binding] attribute. Listing 2 shows an example of a new class that has the [Binding] attribute applied and a method called DaysAgoTransform that will be invoked.
using System;
using TechTalk.SpecFlow;
namespace SpecFlowHooks
public class CustomTransforms
[StepArgumentTransformation(@"(\d+) days ago")]
public DateTime DaysAgoTransform(int daysAgo)
return DateTime.Today.AddDays(-daysAgo);
Notice that the [StepArgumentTransformation] has a parameter to say when this conversion should be invoked, in this example when the original step text matches the regular expression "(\d+) days ago."
SpecFlow Project Home
Gherkin Language
SpecFlow 2 Cheat Sheet
About the Author
Jason Roberts is a Microsoft C# MVP with over 15 years experience. He writes a blog at http://dontcodetired.com, has produced numerous Pluralsight courses, and can be found on Twitter as @robertsjason.
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Summit on Government Performance & Innovation
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I'm on holiday for a whole week, Yippeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.
It feels like an age since my last week off work at Christmas.
Although time does seem to be flying at the moment, how can we be in March tomorrow already!!
I nearly always have the first week of March off as it is Gav's Birthday week, I call it our half term.
We will have a few days off together then I'm off to Suffolk for some time with Mum & Dad. I have never lived in Felixstowe where the rest of my family live, but we visited many times as children, a few years a go my parents moved back there to be near their parents. I doubt I will ever live there as it has never been home to me, although I have wonderful childhood memories.
I loved Felixstowe as a child, space to run & play a safe place as I remember it. A quaint seaside town with a huge dock yard, the biggest in the country I think. The town is small with lovely seaside features like the Spa Pavillion a theatre on the prom.
In my teens I found it quite boring and yearned for the weekends to end so I could be at home with my friends at home.
Now I appreciate it, I can walk into town in 5 minutes, there are lots of CS's, my favourite fabric shop, a market on a Sunday & a couple of nice bars & eateries for the evening and this lovely shop Vintage Mason.
I hate the drive there it can take 2.5hrs on a good day or 6 hrs on a bad day!!!
As I said before I will never live there it is not home but I will always visit, as my family are there.
So I'm off to a different seaside on Wednesday for some spoiling from my Mummy & Daddy, I've requested Dad's fish pie for dinner and can't wait.
A couple of posts ago I mentioned that I was hoping to be able to do a 100 follower giveaway.
Well I suddenly have 101 followers, big thanks to all who have been faithful followers and to those who are new.
So now I am planning a Vintage CS themed giveaway.
I will be hoping to pick up some more lovelies for it on my travels this week, and then I will post about it. Keep your eyes open.
I have been making my buttons for the button swap this weekend but will wait to show you when I am nearly done, I don't want my swap partner to see them before I send them.
I hope you all have a lovely week, and that the rain stops as I defiantly need some spring sunshine.


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Corps of Engineers officers visit Red Rock Hydroelectric Project
Apr 01, 2016
Mississippi Valley Division Commander Major General Michael Wehr, Rock Island District Commander Colonel Craig Baumgartner, and others from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers attended a presentation Tuesday concerning the development and progress at the Red Rock Hydroelectric Project.
They also toured the Project site guided by officials from Missouri River Energy Services (MRES), the organization that is building the hydroelectric plant at the Red Rock Dam.
Pella City Administrator Mike Nardini welcomed the Corps officers to the Pella area and spoke highly of the relationship Pella has developed with MRES since becoming a member in 2011 and he praised the positive impacts the Project is having on the area.
MRES CEO Tom Heller welcomed General Wehr and Colonel Baumgartner to the site and MRES Power Supply and Operations Director Ray Wahle gave a presentation on the background and development of the Project.
The group then visited the upstream and downstream construction sites as well as an onsite warehouse that holds massive pieces of equipment that will be part of the Red Rock Hydroelectric Project powerhouse.
The Project, which will provide enough clean, reliable hydroelectricity to power about 18,000 homes is projected to be completed in 2018.
MRES is an organization of 60 member municipalities, including Pella, in the states of Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Each of these members owns and operates an electric distribution system.
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In a country riven by divisions and tested by hard times, the public longs to see ads about people coming together. Specifically, to form a human bridge so a beer truck can make a delivery. Though it was easy to see the comic payoff coming, still a decent sight gag.
Grade: B
Next Shutter Island


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Why not use fiber only to eliminate alien crosstalk?
Data center design standards and networking expert Carrie Higbie gives a quick 10G cost reference, making the case for still using copper in the data center.
The biggest reason is the cost of the electronics. If you look at costs over a long period of time, you have not only the more expensive original purchase, but maintenance costs are usually based on original equipment price creating higher day two costs.
Copper provides a lower cost alternative. Doing a quick web search the 10G costs for the various components are shown below (this does not include any chassis or power supply – just the interface component):
|$ 6,559.00
|$ 2,540.00
|$ 3,550.00
|$ 2,200.00
|$ 4,449.00
|$ 10x performance at 3x the cost
As you can see, there is quite a price jump in the various components. While the new copper 10GBASE-T components that were recently announced have various price points, the goal of the standard was 10x the performance at three times the cost.
As we all know the first iteration of any technology is quite high because companies are recouping R&D costs. However as competition takes over and the cost to manufacture the components decreases (it is cut in half over 18 months per Moore's law), we will see a marked decrease in these components over the next year or so.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: As the Global Network Applications Market at The Siemon Company, Carrie Higbie supports the end-user and electronics communities. She has won the "Communication News" Editor's Choice Award for the last two years.


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Atta spp.
|Scientific Name
|Atta spp.
|Common Names
|English: Giant leafcutter ant; German: Blattschneiderameise; Spanish: hormiga cortadora de las hojas
|The castes of these ants vary extremely in size, from less of a millimetre for the smallest workers to nearly 2.5 cm (0.97 inch) for the queen.
Leafcutter ants harvest leaves from the plants around their nests to use them as substrate for a special fungus, which is their actual source of food. Due to the huge size of their colonies, the consumption of plant material is enormous. In their natural habitat, the ants generally feed on many different plants in turn, removing only a part of their foliage, thus avoiding complete destruction of their substrate source. On cultivated land, however, the plant cover is often less dense than the natural vegetation, and crops mostly lack the defense mechanisms, which the native plants have developed. So an attack by Atta ants can leave the whole stand without a single leaf. Complete defoliation of a citrus tree within 24 hours has been reported.
Atta spp. live in huge colonies with several millions of individuals. The nests of e.g. A. sexdens can be dug 6 m (19.68 ft) deep into the ground, have a diameter of 10 m (32.8 ft) and a volume of 20 cubic metres. They consist of a great number of about football-sized chambers. Some of these are used for waste, but most for growing fungus and raising larvae. A comparatively small mound above ground is built only from excavated material.
For foraging the insects wander up to 100 m 328 ft) from their nest, on "ant trails" which they keep free of obstacles. The population in a colony is differentiated in several castes. They are each specialised in a particular task and differ remarkably in size. As with other ants, most of the animals are sterile females, only the queen is fertile. From time to time males and fertile females emerge. As soon as they are mature, they leave the colony on a mating flight. After that the males perish, the females are new queens and each of them will try to found a new colony.
If this is successful the colony can last as long as the queen lives and lays eggs, e.g. 10-15 years in A. sexdens.The genus Atta comprises 15 species, which are found from Texas to south Argentina.
Additional Crop Information
Atta spp. attack almost anything that provides leaves they are able to harvest.
Agricultural Importance
Atta ants are regarded one of the most destructive pests. Where they occur, damage is usually utterly devastating.
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|Read All Over celebrates the bookworm in all of us, showcasing readers in Vancouver and the books they love most.
My name is Jeff, I grew up in Richmond with mostly white friends, and only realised I was Japanese at some point in high school. Now I run an art website and organize fun art projects for a living.
What book makes you feel like a kid again?
Busy, Busy World by Richard Scarry. It is one of the best! If I eventually write a kid's book that is described as 'paling in comparison to Richard Scarry's Busy, Busy World' I will take it as a compliment.
What books have changed your life?
The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon. I didn't read a lot coming out of high school but this book got me excited about reading again.
The one book you always recommend is...
The Phantom Tollbooth by Norton Juster. I have always liked word games and puns and that sort of thing and I probably stems a lot from this book. "A slavish concern for the composition of words is the sign of a bankrupt intellect." - The Humbug.
How do you like your books served up best - audio books, graphic novels, used paperbacks, library loaner, e-reader…
I mostly buy art books these days, usually collections of low brow drawings and stuff. I just picked up Kramers Ergot 6 and I look at it everyday.
Your life story is published tomorrow. What's the title?
"I Couldn't Swim And You Had Your Birthday At The Wave Pool".
Librarian vs. English Professor - who is sexier?
English Professor.
Where is your favorite place to crack open a good book in Vancouver?
My own bed.


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Fantasy golf is one of the fastest growing activities in the fantasy sports industry. You can play for free or with real money on the line, and you participate by assembling a roster of golfers who'll be playing on a particular day or over the course of multiple days or tournaments. When people think of fantasy golf, they think of the two largest providers of daily fantasy sports: DraftKings and FanDuel.
Although fantasy golf is trending, it isn't particularly new, and there are many different configurations in which the game is played. In this article, we'll focus on the salary cap structure because that's the format that both DraftKings and FanDuel prefer for all of their games. In this style, every player is assigned a monetary value, and you have to complete a roster within the confines of a salary cap.
Fantasy Golf at DraftKings
DraftKings offers both daily and weekly fantasy golf leagues but generally not leagues that extend over multiple events. Free games are available, and you can even win real money through them, but the bulk of the action requires an entry fee. Fees usually start at around $3, but there are contests with buy-ins that are in the thousands.
Many golf leagues at DraftKings play out in a tournament, which means that you're in a large field of contestants, but you can also play head to head. You can also opt for 50/50s, which are tournaments where everyone in the top half wins.
Check out the video below to get an idea on how DraftKings works.
Fantasy Golf at FanDuel
It may surprise you to learn that as of the writing of this article, FanDuel doesn't yet support fantasy golf. The reason likely has to do with language in the UIGEA that puts fantasy golf in a gray area. Nevertheless, we're discussing FanDuel because the company added fantasy golf for the 2016 PGA Tour. A sticking point with FanDuel when it comes to fantasy golf is the concept of accumulated stats. What this means for players like you is that FanDuel will likely emphasize weekly and multi-event leagues rather than daily leagues that DraftKings does.
Sign up to FanDuel and play for free, read about the FanDuel promo code here! Learn more about Fanduel at https://fantasyfootballers.org
Fundamentals of Fantasy Golf
A single fantasy golf contest typically covers an entire event, from Thursday to Sunday, which means that you'll have to deal with the cut. These are the type of contests that DraftKings offers.
Also, daily fantasy sports sites may offer multi-tournament leagues – such as the contests that Fanduel will offer. These contests will span multiple PGA tournaments. Multi-tournament leagues can be tougher because you have to find sustained performance. Choosing Spieth or McIlroy is pretty easy, but you won't be able to field a roster of top players. The big difference between the typical fantasy golf contest and multi-tournament play is that you must draft players that can perform consistently across multiple courses.
DraftKings uses a fairly straightforward scoring system. Golfers score for individual holes: 8 points for an eagle, 3 for a birdie, 0.5 for par and so forth. They also score for streaks and bonuses, such as 3 points for a three-birdie streak and 10 points for a hole in one. Golfers also earn points based on how they finished in a particular round or on the overall leaderboard. Birdies are king in fantasy golf, and generally, winning players will distance themselves from the pack with birdies scored.
Visit DraftDuel.org for some free strategies and reviews. You can read their review of DraftKings here.
Strategy: Making the Cut
The cut is a concept that's unique to golf in the world of fantasy sports. More than half the field in a PGA event is eliminated on Friday. That means that you could pick a player who's disqualified. Note that the cut can also effect daily leagues because even if you're contest takes place on Sunday, some leagues will require you to lock in your roster before Friday. So keep in mind that getting all of your golfers through the weekend is more important than finding that surprise performer.
Strategy: Course Matters
Choosing golfers for fantasy golf is a lot like betting horses. Not all PGA Tour courses are created equal, and most pros have courses where they shine and those were they don't. There are a lot of statistics available on modern golfers, and you can target pros that play well on a particular grass, in specific weather, at certain temperature ranges and so forth. It also helps to look at last year's event, which can help identify courses that really favors strong drivers or some other characteristic.
Strategy: Finding Value
Picking studs is easy. Finding value to round out your team isn't. A great tool for beginners are the Vegas odds. Perhaps no fantasy sport demonstrates bigger discrepancies between odds and player salary than golf. The bookmakers are very good at setting odds for a particular player based on the course, weather and other factors. As a novice, get a leg up by choosing golfers that Vegas favors but that DraftKings salary ratings do not.
Sound like fun? IT IS! We recommend trying it out at DraftKings. They offer free contests so you can get a feel for the game and not have to risk any real money. Click here to visit DraftKings!
And of course, fantasy football is by far the most popular fantasy sports game in the world. Sign up with this DraftKings promotion code for a $200 bonus!
Leave a Review
Have you tried playing fantasy golf? Share your experiences!


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Gamers of Great Falls, rejoice! New business is having a grand opening today – it's called Know Dice (great name).
Description: "Know Dice is your one stop shop for all things CCG, RPG, miniature, and board game related in Great Falls, MT."
Located at #8 on 5th Street South downtown; check 'em out on Facebook.
UPDATE: stopped by to check it out on Saturday afternoon – pretty cool!
Good crowd inside, some playing games, others checking out what's for sale. Crew was super-friendly – hi Ben and Nicole!


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- Bahrain Grand Prix
Overtaking 'basically impossible' - Schumacher
- News:
Mosley to blame for F1 situation insists Coulthard
- News:
'There is no panic, no crisis' - Ecclestone
- News:
'We are beholden to put on a good show' - Fry
- News:
Press slam 'Bore-rain GP'
- News:
We should have won - Vettel
- Report:
Alonso leads Ferrari one-two as Vettel fades
- Race:
- Bahrain Grand Prix
- Championship:
- FIA Formula One World Championship
- Drivers:
- Michael Schumacher
- Teams:
- Mercedes
After a routine race to sixth, Michael Schumacher said overtaking is "basically impossible" under this year's regulations.
He made up one place from his grid spot by passing Mark Webber in the pit stops and then easily held off Jenson Button and Webber later in the race. This year's ban on refuelling was put in place to bring overtaking back to the track and to stop drivers waiting for pit stops to get ahead. But Schumacher said passing was only possible if the other driver made a significant error
"Overtaking is basically impossible, other than if somebody makes a mistake - Lewis had a little one [mistake] so Nico was able to pass him, but got back past at the pitstop - that's about it," Schumacher told the BBC. "Unfortunately that's [all] the action we are going to have with this kind of environment of race strategy. But, anyway, it was good fun. Especially the beginning and now we are going to work forward in order to catch up what is in front of us."
He admitted that his race was hampered by tyre wear but was confident he would get on top of the problem as the season progressed.
"There is the new rules with the tyres that everybody has to cope with," Schumacher added. "I struggled a little bit with those, I have to say, but after three years of not being there I guess it is natural that you have to find your way in to new bits and pieces and the team and myself are going to work on that."


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Renita Boyle enjoys helping children and grown-ups alike to explore and stories from their own life experience.
Her memoir gatherings for adults are hugely popular- in one off sessions or 4-6 week blocks. She is a big fan of the Scottish Book Trust' annual national campaign to get folks writing from life and has facilitated workshops on their behalf. She is delighted that many pieces written by group participants have appeared on the SBT blog.
Renita's recent writing on the theme of Secrets and Confessions also appears. You can find it here.
Her life-writing workshops in schools are also popular. You can read more about this under Schools.


text: DROPKICK PRO / BLACK WHITE $79.99 AUD $79.99 AUD $79.99 AUD Or 4 interest free Payments of $20.00 Learn More Write A Review BLACK/WHIT Select Color: BLACK/WHIT Select Size: In Stock View size chart View size chart Out of Stock Add to Bag + Add to Wishlist Info Item #: 4976100H The Drop Kick Pro Shoe sports classic court style roots for all-day wear, featuring...Cotton canvas upper with slightly padded tongue / collarTravelite breathable cushion footbed;Arch and heel bowlHexagon holes for breathabilitySoft mesh lining for comfortSuper comfortable! Delivery Express Shipping: 1-2 working days for metro areas, 2-5 working days for the rest of Australia - $9.99 or FREE when you spend over $75*. We aim to dispatch all orders placed before 2pm AEST same day (working days only. If your order is placed after 2pm AEST, it will be dispatched the following working day. *Excludes bulky items. Click here to learn more about our Shipping and Delivery Services. Returns Kustom is committed to customer satisfaction. If you receive an item that you are unhappy with for any reason, simply return it back to Kustom Online within 21 days and we will gladly arrange for a refund. Ordering is Easy and Risk Free! Click here for full returns terms and conditions for Australian orders. Share: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Pinterest Share


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DigiTech's Next-Generation Bass Whammy Now Shipping
DigiTech's next-generation Bass Whammy is optimized for bass guitar tones and maintains all the classic settings of the original pedal while offering a host of modern upgrades including true bypass, MIDI operation and more.
"Since we announced the DigiTech Bass Whammy at Winter NAMM 2014, we have received great feedback from bassists who are excited about the range of new tones and creativity they will be able to achieve with this pedal," said Tom Cram, marketing coordinator, DigiTech. "We designed the Bass Whammy to satisfy the broadest range of players and we believe it will be as invaluable to bassists as the original is to guitar players worldwide."
The Bass Whammy is ideal for use with four, five and six string electric basses and employs extremely accurate pitch detection and polyphonic note tracking. The pedal offers two tracking modes, Classic and Chords. Classic mode provides accurate tracking for single note bass lines while Chords mode uses a sophisticated polyphonic algorithm for the smoothest chordal pitch shifting available.
The DigiTech Bass Whammy offers nine Whammy bending modes from 2-octaves up through 1-octave down, nine Harmony bending modes from 2-octaves up through 1-octaves down and Shallow and Deep detune modes. The Bass Whammy's true bypass operation ensures that it can be added to any rig without any adverse effect on sound quality, unlike some non-bypass pedals that can thin and weaken the sound of a bass. The Bass Whammy includes a MIDI input that allows control of the pedal from an external MIDI device, and a 9-Volt DC power adapter. Like all DigiTech pedals, the Bass Whammy is built road-tough with an all-metal chassis.The DigiTech Bass Whammy is currently available at a suggested retail price of $279.


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Explore the medieval heartlands of Tipperary and discover centuries of drama, romance, intrigue and deadly rivalries as you follow in the footsteps of the powerful Butler dynasty.
The Butlers have left an indelible mark on the landscape of Tipperary as they constructed castles and mansions, founded churches and monasteries and established towns and settlements. Their rise to power, and the bitter rivalries that broke out along the way, forever shaped Irish history.
Join our two-day self guided adventure which includes visits to historic sites along the Butler Trail and a guided sunrise walk through the Galtee Mountains.
Find out more on how to book by clicking Butler Trail Offer.


text: The East African Rift System is one the geologic wonders of the world, as it is a place where the earth's tectonic forces are currently trying to create new plates by splitting apart old ones. In simple terms, a rift can be thought of as a fracture in the earth's surface that widen over time, or more technically, as an elongate basin bounded by opposed steeply dipping normal faults. The East African Rift is an active divergent boundary in East Africa. In the past, it was considered to be part of a larger Great Rift Valley that extended north to Asia Minor. The rift is a narrow zone in which the African Plate is in the process of splitting into two new tectonic plates, called the Somali Plate and the Nubian Plate, which are subplates or protoplates.


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The San Juan Mountains are chock-full of trees. So many, in fact, that the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad has to cut some down to help prevent potential wildfires.
Now, as the holiday season approaches, the railway is enlisting the help of its riders to reduce fire risk – giving residents a chance to cut down a tree for the holiday season.
D&SNG is offering trips to the high country for residents to pick out, cut down and bring home a tree from the mountains for the holiday season. The train has been making the opportunity available for the past four years, said Christian Robbins, spokesman for the D&SNG.
Robbins said the service began with a question that sprang to mind: Why don't people go to the San Juan Mountains for holiday trees anymore? He did it when he was a kid, but not many people have continued the tradition.
And the trees need to be cut down anyway, so why not put them to good use, he said.
Robbins took some time the next summer in Cascade Canyon to look at the trees that need to be cut down. They're all short trees, the ones that burn most in wildfires. Those trees also make for perfect indoor decorations. The D&SNG makes a trip through Cascade Canyon anyway, so why not bring people there to cut down trees for the holidays, Robbins said.
And the Christmas Tree Train was born. It operates six days each year – the weekend of Thanksgiving and the first two weekends in December. This weekend is the last weekend the service is offered.
"We've had people that never cut down a Christmas tree in the forest," Robbins said. "It's amazing how far people come."
Residents interested in cutting their own tree from the San Juans can catch a train this weekend; it leaves the station at 9:45 a.m.
Patrons interested must purchase a train ticket for $69 and a tree permit for $8. But there are a limited number of permits to cut trees on each train – just 30 permits are available on each trip.
Anyone interested is encouraged to make a reservation with the train and ask for a tree permit.


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What would you do on your dream day? This may seem like an easy question but there are so many things I would want to do I just cannot decide. I actually think my dream day would be something rather simple and relaxing spent with family and friends. I am going to go with my first thoughts on what my dream day would consist of and that is what I plan to share with you in this post.
I will start with what would not be in my dream day and that would be no work, stress, or responsibilities! It would be a stress free fun day!!!
I would have views like this to wake up to:
I would have the perfect run:
I would spend the day with Chris and our daughters preferably just lounging on the beach or doing some family activities:
After a fun day with the family, Chris and I would go out on the town with our friends:
Then we would head home and go to sleep for at least 8 hours!!!
What would your perfect day be??


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SCUF GAME GUIDES | Uncharted
Uncharted: Finding Trouble With Your SCUF
Centered around the adventures of treasure hunter and all-around scoundrel Nathan Drake, Naughty Dog's Uncharted series takes players all over the world in search of artifacts, prizes, and good ole fashioned trouble!
Paddle configuration: By remapping the face buttons to a more natural position on the bottom of the controller, SCUF's patented paddle technology vastly improves the speed with which Drake can roll, jump, and reload. And anyone who's ever been under fire in a contested ancient temple knows exactly how important that is!
Triggers: Our adjustable trigger system allows players to find the perfect sweet spot for their aim and fire options, meaning that your itchy trigger finger stays nice and relaxed.
Thumbsticks: Climbing, jumping, running, gunning… All actions that are liable to wear a person out. And your thumbsticks are no different. With SCUF's patented Ring and Lock technology, replacing worn out thumbsticks takes seconds, and with their variable sizes, every controller can be customized to fit every hand beautifully.
Join #TeamSCUF
Subscribe to the official Scuf Gaming newsletter now and stay informed of all the news around our innovations, eSports, upcoming promotions and deals.
Build your Own SCUF Infinity4PS
Build your Own SCUF Infinity1


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WhatleyKallas and Pomerantz Law Announce $120 Million Settlement with Aetna, Inc. Related to Out-of-Network Reimbursements
Dec 07, 2012, 08:49 ET
NEW YORK, Dec. 7, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- On December 6, 2012, WhatleyKallas, LLC and Pomerantz Law, along with other firms representing Plaintiffs reached an agreement to resolve the In re: Aetna UCR Litigation, MDL No. 2020, NO- 2107-CV-3541 pending in United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, Aetna will create three settlement funds, valuing up to $120 million in total, from which out-of-network providers and Aetna's insureds will be entitled to make claims for reimbursement.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120726/CL47368LOGO )
The Settlement arises out of an action that alleges that Aetna used databases promulgated by Ingenix, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of United Healthcare, which were used to set usual, customary and reasonable ("UCR") rates for out-of-network services. The Ingenix databases are alleged to be inherently flawed and unable to establish proper UCR rates. Aetna, United Healthcare and other insurers agreed to stop using the Ingenix database pursuant to settlements with the New York Attorney General announced in 2009.
The Provider Class case was filed by a group of doctors and other healthcare providers in 2009, and was litigated along with cases brought by various individual subscribers who had been adversely affected by Aetna's UCR payment practices. This latest Settlement is another major development in WhatleyKallas's ongoing fight against insurers' alleged wrongful practices relating to reimbursement for services provided to patients on an out-of-network basis. Physicians and medical societies have previously settled very similar claims against United Healthcare resulting in significant relief for out of network healthcare providers. Pomerantz, led by D. Brian Hufford, head of the firm's Insurance Practice Group, served as lead counsel in the United Healthcare case.
According to Edith Kallas, senior partner at the firm, "This Class Settlement reflects years of hard work on the part of the provider class representatives and our medical association clients (the American Medical Association, Medical Society of New Jersey, Medical Society of the State of New York, Connecticut State Medical Society, Texas Medical Association, the North Carolina Medical Society, the Tennessee Medical Association, Medical Association of Georgia, California Medical Association, Florida Medical Association and the Washington State Medical Association). The provider class representatives and associations worked tirelessly to help bring about a result for the Class that helps compensate providers and insured for injury resulting from the alleged wrongful practices relating to out-of-network reimbursement that were at the heart of this litigation. The medical associations will continue to pursue relief to address issues on a forward looking basis for physicians and their patients."
"We are excited about this latest success in forcing managed care companies to follow the law," says D. Brian Hufford.
Adds Robert J. Axelrod, also a senior partner at Pomerantz, "This settlement provides an opportunity for providers to obtain reimbursement for monies taken by Aetna in the guise of usual, customary and reasonable payments. It brings to a successful close years of litigation on behalf of providers, for whom Pomerantz and WhatleyKallas have long fought against the largest health insurers in the country, including Aetna."
For more information about WhatleyKallas, please visit www.whatleykallas.com.
For more information about Pomerantz, please visit www.pomerantzlaw.com.
SOURCE WhatleyKallas, LLC


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Tuesday, 11 March 2014
Helenere | Hedelweiss 24H Cream
This past February was one of the coldest one I've been through. Damp and dry alternating, one day it was 6 degree, another 16. I felt sick and my skin felt the same too. A lot of the nights - and days - I couldn't stand to finish all the skin care steps, and I just slapped on either an oil, or a cream, after a hot shower, and ran into bed. To be frank, I haven't been the most diligent at skin-caring for a while recently, but thanks to the decent products in service currently, my skin is in acceptable condition. One of them is the face cream I'll talk about today.
** Notice: I'll be travelling in Italy from 12-27 March, with limited network access (who trusts hotels' free wifi anyway?). Stalk me on Instagram/Twitter/Facebook (link on your left, or at the end of this post), where I'll be more present than on this blog space. Ciao. Salve.**
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Lab Life: Scientists are Snobs, Science 2013. It is a mistake to dismiss the people and projects coming out of lesser-known institutions, argues Keith Weaver ? they have strengths too.
Mobility Rethought, Nature 2011. Lars H. Breimer, Michael E. Breimer and Douwe D. Breimer say doing a postdoc abroad is unnecessary.
Backlash against Multitasking, Nature 2010. Scientists are increasingly asked to master skills in addition to their research. This is not necessarily a good thing, says Gene Russo.
Career Resilience, Nature 2010. It?s not enough to be an expert on a specific topic. Today?s scientists also need to be able to apply their knowledge, argues Peter Fiske.
Finding a 'Real' Job, Nature 2010. 'Alternative' careers may be commonplace, but that doesn't mitigate a sense of failure, says Katherine Sixt.
A CVof Failures, Nature 2010. Keeping a visible record of your rejected applications can help others to deal with setbacks, says Melanie Stefan.
5 keys to R&D Management Success, ACS Careers
Nurture Chemistry, Nature Chemistry 2010. In the sink-or-swim world of academia, Bruce c. Gibb considers what support structures should be put in place for those who have only just entered the water.
Mentoring and Networking: How to Make It Work, Nature Immunology 2008. Mentoring and networking are critical components for success in science. Here the importance and steps required for good mentoring and networking are described.
The Path Less Travelled, Nature 2010. The academic track is riddled with risks, yet most still believe it to be the safest career route for the devoted scientist. Andrea Schweitzer suggests a different way
The Changing Face of Tenure, Nature 2010. Although still highly desirable, tenure is not as prevalent as it was in some places ? and that may not be a bad thing
Taking the Plunge, Nature 2011. Switching to a new postdoc may be risky and challenging, but it does not have to be career-threatening.
Start up and Succeed, Nature 2009. Scientists looking to capitalize on their latest discovery might consider starting a company. But that?s more complex than it may seem, as Karen Kaplan reports.
Empty Archives, Nature 2009. Most researchers agree that open access to data is the scientific ideal, so what is stopping it happening? Bryn Nelson investigates why many researchers choose not to share.