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Found in Penal Code 118 PC, California law defines "perjury" as deliberately giving false information while under oath.
You are subject to prosecution for perjury if you willfully give false information in any of the following circumstances:
- when testifying in court,
- when being deposed,
- in a signed affidavit,
- in a signed declaration,
- in a DL 44 drivers license application at the DMV, or
- in a signed certificate.
Penalty for committing perjury
Perjury is a felony in California law. If convicted, the person could be sentenced to up to 4 years in the California State Prison.
The judge has discretion, however, to grant probation and impose little or no actual jail time.
Typical defenses to a perjury charge
Common defenses that we have successfully asserted in Penal Code 118 perjury cases include:
- Our client's false statement was merely mistaken, rather than knowingly false
- Our client simply misunderstood the question
- The false statement related to a minor rather than a significant issue
- Our client was not technically under oath
Although California law treats perjury very seriously, very few perjury cases are totally cut and dry. This can be a difficult charge for the prosecutor to prove. Innocent people do get wrongly accused.
We're a criminal defense firm of former police and former prosecutors with decades of experience investigating, prosecuting -- and now defending -- perjury cases. Based on our experience, we've prepared the article below.
1. The Definition of Perjury in California Law
2. Examples of Perjury Under California Penal Code 118 PC
3. Subornation of Perjury Under Penal Code 127 PC
4. Penalties, Punishment, and Sentencing for Perjury
5. What are the Defenses to Perjury?
If after reading this article, you would like more information, we invite you to contact us at one of our local criminal law offices.
1. The Definition of Perjury in California Law
In California law, the legal definition of perjury can be broken down into 4 facts that the prosecutor must prove (otherwise known as "elements of the crime"):
- That you made a deliberate or willful statement,
- knowing that the statement was false,
- that you were under oath to tell the truth at the time you made the statement, and
- that the statement was (or related to) a "material" fact.1
Let's take a closer look at each of these 4 elements...
You made a deliberate or willful statement
If you intentionally make a statement (either verbally or in writing) that is conveyed to another with the intent that it be taken as true, then you satisfy the first element of Penal Code 118 PC.2
This is an important point -- you must actually convey the false statement. Merely saying or writing something intended only for yourself will not amount to perjury.
Having said that, your silence can actually amount to a "statement" it you intend it to be a substitute for your verbal or written expression.3 Consider an example:
Example: As part of the jury selection process, groups of prospective jurors are questioned together. When the judge or attorneys ask questions, jurors typically raise their hands to indicate "yes" answers and leave their hands down to indicate "no" answers. The silence implied if you fail to raise your hand (indicating a negative response to a question) could constitute perjury if the truthful answer to the question is yes.4
This scenario applies to a very specific set of facts (that is, the jury selection process). However, it stands to reason that your silence could invite a California perjury law charge in any situation when your silence qualifies as a deliberate or willful false statement. This leads us into the next element.
Knowing that your statement was false
This element goes to the heart of a California perjury case. If you don't knowingly provide false information, then you have not perjured yourself. "Mistake of fact" as a legal defense will always apply in a perjury case.5
In order to be convicted of perjury under Penal Code 118 PC, you must knowingly make an unequivocally false statement. Literally true but misleading or unresponsive statements do not amount to perjury.6 Similarly, a witness who gives literally true answers may not be convicted of this offense for failing to volunteer more explicit information.7 Take another example:
Example: The judge asks Rick, a prospective juror in a criminal case, if anybody in his immediate family has ever been arrested. Rick tells the judge that his son has been arrested for drug possession. He fails to tell the judge that he, himself, has also been arrested for the same offense.
Although Rick didn't confess his own arrest, his statement that his son has been arrested is true. The way that Rick answers the question is could be considered misleading (it implies that his son was the only one arrested) but it is nonetheless true. Consequently, even though Rick fails to volunteer his own arrest, he escapes liability for perjury based on the literal truth of his statement.
That said, you can, however, subject yourself to a California perjury charge if you make a willful statement while being unaware of its truth.8 If you make a statement knowing that you are unaware of whether it is true -- with the intent that it should be accepted as true -- you could be prosecuted as if you had made a false statement.9
Example: The judge follows up by asking Rick if his son has had any subsequent "run-ins" with the law. Rick's answer is "absolutely not."
In reality, Rick's son lives in another state and the two haven't spoken or communicated in years. While it could be true that Rick's son hasn't suffered any subsequent arrests, Rick knew when he answered that he had no actual knowledge about his son's legal situation.
When Rick testifies that his son "absolutely" hasn't suffered any other arrests (intending that the judge accept his answer as the truth), he commits perjury.
It bears repeating that making a statement knowing that you are unaware of whether it is true -- with the intent that it should be accepted as true -- can land you in just as much legal trouble as if you had falsely testified.
Finally, even though it may prove to be false, an oath of office that contains an unfulfilled promise of future conduct doesn't qualify as perjury.10
You were under an oath to tell the truth at the time you made the statement
Offering false testimony in a civil or criminal court proceeding is the most obvious and common way to trigger liability for a California perjury charge. Providing false information during a deposition or in an affidavit, certificate, or declaration will also subject you to prosecution for this offense.
As for the above "legal terms," an affidavit is a written statement verified by oath or affirmation. A certificate is a written testimony to the truth of any fact. And a "declaration" is a written statement certified to be true under penalty of perjury.11
(1) Providing false information during a court proceeding, a deposition, or in these documents,
(2) delivering them to another, with
(3) the intent that your statements will be received as true constitutes perjury.12
Let's look at some examples:
You are filling out a job application at the office where you are seeking employment. At the end of the employment application, there is a place where you sign "under penalty of perjury" that the information that you provide is true.
In response to a question about whether you have ever been terminated from previous employment, you answer "no". However, the truth is that you were fired from your last job because your boss suspected you of embezzling money from the company.
After completing your application, you decide not to apply for the job after all. You can't find a trash can, so you leave the application on a nearby desk. Someone later picks up you application and submits it on your behalf.
Under this scenario, you have not committed perjury. You never delivered the application, nor did you intend for it to be read. But...
If after completing the application, you turn it in, then you do commit perjury under California law. You (1) provided false information in a "declaration" by stating that you hadn't been terminated, and (2) "delivered it" when you turned it in, and (3) intended that your "no" answer be taken as the truth.
It should be noted that the fact that an oath wasn't properly administered, received, or properly written will not necessarily serve as a defense to a perjury charge.13
That your statement was (or related to) a "material" fact
In order to be prosecuted for perjury under California Penal Code 118 PC, the statement must be what the law calls "material."
In general, a "material" fact is one of real importance or of great consequence. With respect to California perjury law, a statement is material if, at the time it was made, it
- was used to affect the outcome of the proceeding in which it was made, or
- had the probability of influencing the outcome of the proceeding for which it was made.14
There is no requirement that the statement actually influence the proceeding.15 Nor is there a requirement that you know that the statement was material.16
Furthermore, a statement that isn't material on its face (but may have some indirect tendency to prove or disprove an issue that is critical to the proceeding) may nonetheless satisfy the "material" requirement. If the statement relates to a material fact, you still face a perjury conviction.17
Let's look at an example:
Dave is charged with stealing a woman's purse on a downtown street. He isn't arrested at the scene, but is later "picked up" by officers in a nearby location based on the victim's description of his appearance.
When the prosecutor asks Dave if he smokes, he replies that he quit smoking and hasn't had a cigarette in years...facts which, by themselves, don't seem particularly significant.
However, the officer who arrests Dave testifies that he found "Lucky strikes" in Dave's pocket and remembers that Dave was "putting out" a cigarette when the officer approached him.
When the police ask the woman what was in her purse when it was stolen, a pack of Lucky strikes was among the items that she listed.
Although Dave's testimony that he didn't smoke wouldn't necessarily seem material to a theft case, it was a lie that related to a material fact...his identity as the thief. In truth, he had been smoking and that he was carrying the same cigarettes taken from the victim. This tended to prove that he was, in fact, the person whom the woman identified.
Consequently, Dave's false testimony about smoking would satisfy the "material" element and could subject him to a separate perjury charge.
In addition, "false testimony that affects the credibility of a witness is material and will support a perjury conviction".18
2. Examples of Perjury Under California
Penal Code 118 PC
There are a variety of situations that may trigger a perjury charge. Some examples include:
- Intentionally providing and delivering false information on a driver's license, loan, or immigration application that has a phrase reading something along the lines of "I declare under penalty of perjury that the above information is true and correct"
- Intentionally providing and delivering false information on a tax return, statement, or report that requires an oath, regardless of whether the oath was actually taken19
- Intentionally rendering a false translation of another's testimony if you are a "sworn" interpreter20
- Testifying as to your opinion if you don't honestly believe in the opinion about which you are testifying21
- Knowingly and intentionally making a materially false statement in a police report that you, as a law enforcement officer, file with your agency (which can also be prosecuted under Penal Code 118.1 - police officers filing false reports) 22
If the facts of your case involve a false written document, you may additionally face charges for forgery, tax fraud, and/or grand or petty theft.
3. Subornation of Perjury Under California
Penal Code 127 PC
California law recognizes another type of perjury -- subornation of perjury under Penal Code 127 PC. If you willfully convince or persuade someone else to commit perjury -- and they do, in fact, commit perjury -- then you have committed a crime along with the actual perjurer.
In order to prove that you committed subornation of perjury, the prosecutor must establish
- that you convinced someone else to testify falsely,
- that perjury was, in fact, committed,
- that the statements of the perjurer were material,
- that the statements were willfully made with the knowledge that they were false, and
- that you knew that the perjurer's statements were false.23
Let's look at an example:
Example: Alan punches his wife Betty. Their neighbor Charlie witnesses this. Betty calls the police. Alan is arrested for Penal Code 273.5 - Corporal Injury on a Spouse or Cohabitant.24
The D.A. subpoenas Charlie to be a witness at trial. But Alan convinces Charlie to lie on the witness stand and testify that "I never saw Alan lay a hand on her."
In this example, Charlie commits perjury, since he falsely testifies about a material fact. Similarly, Alan commits subornation of perjury, because he convinces Charlie to testify in such a manner.
If you are convicted for subornation of perjury, you will be prosecuted and punished as if you were the one who personally committed the perjury.25
However, let's say you ask someone else to commit perjury and they choose not to do so. In that case, you can only be convicted under Penal Code 653f, California's solicitation of a crime law. (Solicitation of perjury can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony, at the prosecutor's discretion.)
4. Penalties, Punishment, and Sentencing
for Perjury
Perjury under Penal Code 118 PC is a felony. If convicted, the judge has the discretion to sentence you either to:
- felony probation with up to one year of county jail, OR
- 2, 3 or 4 years in county jail.
Obviously, the judge has a lot of discretion in doling out punishment for perjury (anywhere from no jail time to up to 4 years). In deciding this, the judge will likely consider the defendant's prior criminal record, if any, and whether the perjury caused someone else harm (such as causing an innocent person to be wrongly convicted of a crime).
Along those lines, if you are convicted of perjury (or of subornation of perjury) that leads to the conviction and execution of another, you will be sentenced for aggravated perjury. Aggravated perjury is punishable by death or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
If you are convicted for any type of perjury, you also face imposition of a fine of up to $10,000.26
5. What are the Defenses to Perjury?
There are a number of defenses that our California criminal defense lawyers have been successful in asserting in Penal Code 118 cases. Below are some of the most common.
Mistake or misunderstanding
If, at the time you make your statement, you honestly or justifiably believe it to be true, you did not commit perjury...even if the statement turns out to be false statement.27 This is because you wouldn't be "willfully" making a false statement, one of the essential elements of a perjury charge.
Example: You testify on behalf of your friend Steve, who was being prosecuted for burglary that occurred in Long Beach. You testify that you saw Steve standing on the corner of 3rd and Main in Santa Monica on June 21st at 3:00 p.m. -- the same time he was charged with committing the burglary in Long Beach. You state that when you saw him, you honked your horn but there was no indication that he heard you. You are being honest.
Evidence later conclusively shows that Steve did in fact commit the burglary in Long Beach. You must have been mistaken about having seen him in Santa Monica. Nevertheless, you did not perjure yourself. A mistaken belief (even if false) cannot sustain a perjury conviction.
Based on the same principle, if you misunderstood a direction, question, or other instruction that caused you to make the apparently false statement, this would serve as an effective defense.
Example: In one of the affidavits that you are required to fill out as a part of your divorce proceeding, you under-report your income. The form asks for your total earnings and you mistook that to mean your "take home" pay. As a result, the income you report is significantly less than what you truly earned.
Based on these facts, you did not commit perjury since you didn't intentionally provide false information. You simply misunderstood the instructions.
The bottom line is this -- if you didn't intend to make a false statement, you are innocent. Period.
Insufficient evidence
Another person's testimony that conflicts with yours is insufficient in-and-of itself to sustain a perjury conviction.28 In order to prove your guilt, the prosecutor offer additional evidence to prove that your statement was, in fact, false.29
However, if a jury believes, based on your own conflicting testimony, that your statement was false, no further corroboration is necessary.30
Example: John testifies during his DUI trial that he only drank two beers before he drove...a statement that the prosecution alleged was false based on his blood alcohol concentration of 0.15%. He further testifies that he was drinking at a bar by himself and that the bar didn't serve food, only drinks.
On cross-examination, John concedes that his bar bill was $30. The jury concludes that there is no way that John paid $30 for only two beers when he was by himself in a bar that didn't serve food.
Based on his own conflicting testimony, John could be convicted of perjury for testifying that he only had two beers before he drove.
You quickly recanted your statement
While there is no requirement that you be given an opportunity to correct your alleged false statement, promptly doing so may help prove that you didn't intentionally provide false information.31
You weren't the one who committed the crime
While this defense will not apply in a case where you personally testify either in court or in a recorded deposition, it may apply if your alleged false statement is made in writing.
In an age where the California crime of identity theft (Penal Code 530.5) 32 is rampant, it's very possible for someone to get a hold of your name, address and identifying information. The person could then sign your name to credit applications, purchases, traffic citations.
It may appear (based on the documents) that you attested to false information. But in reality, it wasn't you at all
You should be prosecuted under another statute
Some California criminal statutes cover behavior that is very closely related to perjury.
For example, Vehicle Code 10501 VC false reports of auto theft is the crime of filing a false report that a vehicle has been stolen, with intent to deceive.33 If you make a false statement about a vehicle theft that didn't really occur while under oath, or file a false written statement under penalty of perjury, your behavior could meet the legal definition of both perjury and this crime.
However, because VC 10501 is the more specific offense, you ought to be convicted of this crime rather than of perjury.34 This can be very helpful for defendants because filing a false report of a vehicle theft is only a misdemeanor for a first offense.35
Call us for help...
If you or a loved one is charged with Penal Code 118 PC perjury and you are looking to hire an attorney for representation, we invite you to contact us at Shouse Law Group. We can provide a free consultation in office or by phone. We have local offices in Los Angeles, the San Fernando Valley, Pasadena, Long Beach, Orange County, Ventura, San Bernardino, Rancho Cucamonga, Riverside, San Diego, Sacramento, Oakland, San Francisco, San Jose and throughout California.
¿Habla español? Visite nuestro sitio Web en español sobre la ley de falso testimonio (perjurio) de California.
Legal References:
1 Cabe v. Superior Court, (1998) 63 Cal.App.4th 732 ("In order to lawfully hold a person to answer on the charge of perjury under [California Penal Code] section 118, evidence must exist of a "willful statement, under oath, of any material matter which the witness knows to be false.")
2 People v. Griffini, (1998) 65 Cal.App.4th 581 ("...for purposes of defining perjury, the making of a deposition, affidavit or certificate is deemed to be complete ... from the time when it is delivered by the accused to any other person, with the intent that it be uttered or published as true.'")
3 California Evidence Code section 225 -- Statement ("'Statement' means (a) oral or written verbal expression or (b) nonverbal conduct of a person intended by him as a substitute for oral or written verbal expression.")
4 People v. Meza, (1987) 188 Cal.App.3d 1631 (Held that defendant's silence in response to a question asked collectively of the prospective jurors in a criminal case could constitute perjury under California Penal Code 118 PC.)
5 California Jury Instruction - Criminal 7.24 -- Willfulness and knowledge required ("A statement made under an actual mistake and in a belief that it is true is not perjury even though the statement is false.")
6 See Cabe v. Superior Court, above ("Thus, no perjury charge was permissible under the rule that a witness may not be convicted of perjury for an answer, under oath, that is literally true, even where the answer was not responsive to the question asked and arguably misleading by negative implication.")
7 In re Rosoto, (1974) 10 Cal.3d 939 ("It is thus apparent that when, as here, a witness' answers are literally true he may not be faulted for failing to volunteer more explicit information. Although such testimony may cause a misleading impression due to the failure of counsel to ask more specific questions, the witness' failure to volunteer testimony to avoid the misleading impression does not constitute perjury because the crucial element of falsity is not present in his testimony.")
8 California Jury Instruction - Criminal 7.24 -- Willfulness and knowledge required ("Perjury requires that the statement be made willfully by a person who knows that the statement is being made under [oath] [penalty of perjury] and who...[is aware that [he] [she] is ignorant of the truth or falsity of the statement].")
9 California Penal Code section 125 -- Unqualified statement not known to be true. This section is used in connection with California Penal Code section 118. ("An unqualified statement of that which one does not know to be true is equivalent to a statement of that which one knows to be false.")
10 California Penal Code section 120 -- Oath of office (An oath of office as relates to the future performance of official duties is not subject to a perjury prosecution.)
11 See People v. Griffini, above ("A 'declaration' is an unsworn written statement certified to be true under penalty of perjury...A 'certificate' is a written testimony to the truth of any fact...An 'affidavit' is a written statement verified by oath or affirmation.")
12 See People v. Griffini, above ("...for purposes of defining perjury, 'the making of a deposition, affidavit or certificate is deemed to be complete ... from the time when it is delivered by the accused to any other person, with the intent that it be uttered or published as true.'")
13 California Penal Code section 121 -- Oath; irregularity in administration ("It is no defense to a prosecution for perjury that the oath was administered or taken in an irregular manner, or that the person accused of perjury did not go before, or was not in the presence of, the officer purporting to administer the oath, if such accused caused or procured such officer to certify that the oath had been taken or administered.")
14 People v. Feinberg, (1997) 51 Cal.App.4th 1566 ("The test for whether a statement is material in a perjury prosecution ([California] Pen. Code 118) is whether the statement or testimony might have been used to affect the proceeding in or for which it was made, or whether the statement could probably have influenced the outcome of the proceedings.")
15 People v. Darcy, (1943) 59 Cal.App.2d 342 - overruled on other grounds ("The test in a perjury charge is not that injury actually occurred as a result of the false statements, but that the falsehoods could have influenced or changed the status of the subject of the statement to the benefit of the falsifier or the detriment of others.")
16 California Penal Code 123 -- Materiality and effect on testimony; knowledge of witness ("It is no defense to a prosecution for perjury that the accused did not know the materiality of the false statement made by him; or that it did not, in fact, affect the proceeding in or for which it was made. It is sufficient that it was material, and might have been used to affect such proceeding.")
17 Ex Parte Davis, (1921) 52 Cal.App. 631 ("The matter sworn to need not be directly and immediately material. It is sufficient if it be so connected with the fact directly in issue as to have a legitimate tendency to prove or disprove such fact by giving weight or probability to the testimony of a witness testifying thereto, or otherwise.")
18 People v. Rubio, (2004) 121 Cal.App.4th 927
19 California Penal Code section 129 -- False return required to be under oath ("Every person who, being required by law to make any return, statement, or report, under oath, willfully makes and delivers any such return, statement, or report, purporting to be under oath, knowing the same to be false in any particular, is guilty of perjury, whether such oath was in fact taken or not.
20 People v. Walker, (1924) 69 Cal.App. 475 (States that an interpreter may be prosecuted for California perjury if he/she willfully renders a false translation.)
21 People v. Webb, (1999) 74 Cal.App.4th 688 ("Opinion testimony constitutes perjury, 'if the witness does not honestly hold the opinion to which he or she testifies.'")
22 California Penal Code section 118.1 -- Peace officers; false report ("Every peace officer who files any report with the agency which employs him or her regarding the commission of any crime or any investigation of any crime, if he or she knowingly and intentionally makes any statement regarding any material matter in the report which the officer knows to be false, whether or not the statement is certified or otherwise expressly reported as true, is guilty of filing a false report...")
23 People v. Jones, (1967) 254 Cal.App.2d 200 ("The elements of the the crime of subornation of perjury consist of: a corrupt agreement to testify falsely (See People v. Coffey, 161 Cal. 433, 443-446 [119 P. 901, 39 L.R.A. N.S. 704]); proof that perjury has in fact been committed ( People v. Ross, 103 Cal. 425, 428 [37 P. 379]); the statements of the perjurer were material ( People v. Nickell, supra, 22 Cal.App.2d 117); People v. Metzler, 21 Cal.App. 80, 82 [130 P. 1192]); and evidence that such statements were willfully made with knowledge as to the falsity thereof. ( People v. Ross, supra, at p. 427.) Moreover, one who procures another to commit perjury must know that the perjurer's statements are false. ( People v. Carpenter, 136 Cal. 391 [68 P. 1027]; People v. Ross, supra.).")
24 Penal Code 273.5 - Corporal Injury to a Spouse or Cohabitant - is one of the primary California domestic violence laws. It applies when you inflict injury, even slight, on a current or former spouse, cohabitant or the parent of your child.
25 California Penal Code section 127 -- Subornation of perjury; definition; punishment ("Every person who willfully procures another person to commit perjury is guilty of subornation of perjury, and is punishable in the same manner as he would be if personally guilty of the perjury so procured.")
26 California Penal Code section 126 -- ("Perjury is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three or four years.")
See also California Penal Code section 1170(h)(1) -- ("Except as provided in paragraph (3), a felony punishable pursuant to this subdivision where the term is not specified in the underlying offense shall be punishable by a term of imprisonment in a county jail for 16 months, or two or three years.")
See also California Penal Code section 128 -- Procuring execution of innocent person; punishment ("Every person who, by willful perjury or subornation of perjury procures the conviction and execution of any innocent person, is punishable by death or life imprisonment without possibility of parole.")
See also California Penal Code section 672 -- ("Upon a conviction for any crime punishable by imprisonment in any jail or prison, in relation to which no fine is herein prescribed, the court may impose a fine on the offender not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) in cases of misdemeanors or ten thousand dollars ($10,000) in cases of felonies, in addition to the imprisonment prescribed.")
27 California Jury Instruction - Criminal 7.24 -- Willfulness and knowledge required ("A statement made under an actual mistake and in a belief that it is true is not perjury even though the statement is false.")
28 California Jury Instruction - Criminal 7.23 -- Perjury; proof necessary ("...the defendant may not be convicted of perjury where the only proof of the falsity of the statement[s] is the testimony of one witness [other than the defendant] which contradicts defendant's statement[s].")
29 Judicial Council Of California Criminal Jury Instruction 2640 -- Perjury ("You may not find the defendant's statement was false based on the testimony of <insert name of witness> alone. In addition to the testimony of <insert name of witness>, there must be some other evidence that the defendant's statement was false.")
30 See jury instruction 2640, above ("...if you conclude, based on the defendant's own testimony, that the allegedly false statement was in fact false, then additional evidence is not required.")
31 People v. Baranov, (1962) 201 Cal.App.2d 52 ("...a correction by the defendant, or his attempted correction, of testimony before the tribunal where he originally appeared, may be of some value in showing that he was mistaken in giving his former statements, or that he inadvertently omitted significant evidence when first testifying, so to support the conclusion that he did not wilfully intend to testify falsely.")
32 Penal Code 530.5 is the primary statute addressing the California crime of identity theft. In the most general terms, identity theft is the unauthorized use of personal identifying information to obtain credit, goods, services, or medical information in the name of another person.
33 Vehicle Code 10501 VC makes it a crime to file a false report of vehicle theft with intent to deceive.
34 See People v. Murphy (2011) 52 Cal.4th 81, 94-95.
35 Vehicle Code 40000.9 VC specifies that VC 10501 is a misdemeanor.


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Once the gum conditions are properly addressed and treated, any condition in the rest of the body shows marked signs of improvement . Even if you are otherwise fit and healthy, removing foci of infections and bacteria from your mouth will definitely make you feel better, more energetic and more healthy.
Understanding periodontal disease (also known as gum and jaw bone disease)
What is plaque?
- Plaque is the name given to the biofilm that forms over teeth.
- Plaque build-up starts soon after brushing.
- It's density increases over time as more populations of bacteria invade, nourish and divide.
- The bacteria builds up and allows more harmful acidogenic (acid forming anaerobic Oxygen haters) bacteria to flourish.
When plaque is not removed
- If the plaque is not brushed/flossed off regularly, the acid and bacteria lead to swelling and inflammation of the gums.
- This causes the gums to bleed easily and are quite red.
The onset of periodontal disease begins
- The disease may extend to the surrounding structures that hold the tooth in place – the bone, ligaments and surface of the root.
- This leads to pocket formation around the tooth.
- This leads to more food entrapment between the teeth, resulting in bacteria growing in areas which are difficult to clean.
- The tooth loses more support from its anchoring structures.
This process can ultimately lead to tooth loss. In fact the number one cause of tooth loss is gum and surrounding structure disease.
The way we approach gum disease is quite unique
- We don't just rely on mechanical methods of removing bacteria.
- We go further down to the cellular biological level.
- We achieve this by using ozone.
Ozone is a great antiseptic
- Ozone is an antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral.
- No organism can develop resistance to Ozone because it is basically a supercharged Oxygen.
- Ozone is formed of three oxygen atoms instead of two like oxygen. This makes it highly unstable and once it comes in contact with any tissue or cell, it disintegrates and immediately releases this extra oxygen atom.
- The extra oxygen atom oxidises all cells that don't have any antioxidants on their surface – microbes and diseased human cells leading to their death.
- Normal cells are unaffected as they have antioxidants on their surface to neutralize any oxidants.
- Ozone not only kills microbes but it enhances the way mitochondria (tiny energy factories inside our cells) take up and consume oxygen, making them work better to release more energy needed for healing.
- Ozone enhances the circulation in the area, resulting in faster and better healing as the area becomes more oxygenated.
- Although ozone disintegrates upon tissue contact, its action remains for weeks as the extra oxygen atom reacts with our tissues to form ozonides.
- Ozonides enhance healing for weeks after the ozone treatment by stimulating stem cells and blast cells to start curing and regeneration.
The treatment process
- First we rinse your mouth with our ozonated water to reduce bacterial and microbial cell count.
- We then remove bacterial and calcium deposits mechanically while having ozonated water as a continuous irrigant. This has a dual action of removing deposits on a gross scale as well as on a biological level .
- Following gross removal of all deposits, we look at particular areas of concern where there are pockets.
- We irrigate those areas with ozonated water and use special techniques to eliminate bacteria located under the gums.
- We also offer local treatment with ozone gas from our special dental ozone gas generator, focusing ozone on areas of concern.
- The healing begins immediately.
The beauty with ozone gas is that it immediately diffuses to infiltrate and reach deep down pockets, eliminating the bacteria which is the cause of the disease.
The benefits of our treatment process
- In many cases where there are deep pockets, surgery can be avoided as the ozone can infiltrate the deep pockets and sterilize the area.
- It shortens healing time. The ozone treatment forms ozonides in the tissues and continues the healing process for weeks, enhancing repair and stimulating regeneration.
- It shortens the time in our treatment room, as we have two things working at the same time – mechanical and biological eradication of the cause.
- More comfort to you. Ozone is used to eliminate sensitivity and can offer relief from sensitivity during a scale and clean.
Once periodontal disease is treated
- Any condition in the rest of the body shows marked signs of improvement.
- Even if you are otherwise fit and healthy, removing infections and bacteria from your mouth will make you feel even better, more energetic and healthier.
Dental and General health definitely go hand in hand!
We use cutting edge equipment to treat difficult cases of gum conditions
- This is advantageous to patients with deep pockets which are
catchment areas for food and bacteria.
- This magnificent piece of equipment allows us to reach very small hidden areas, cleaning with maximum efficiency.
- The result is a pronounced reduction of pocket depth.
The NV Microlaser
- This is our state of the art micro soft tissue laser.
- It can be used to curettage soft tissue and remove diseased, infected, inflamed or dead tissue within the gum pockets.
- In many cases of advanced periodontal disease , it might eliminate the need for surgery.
- It creates minimal pain and bleeding.
These advantages complement our treatment and ensure that we:
- Control the disease process.
- Eliminate all the damage caused by periodontal disease.
- Allow for regeneration of new healthy tissue.
Maintenance program
Just as we regularly service our cars to maintain their efficiency, we should regularly maintain our teeth.
Regular dental cleans with our ozone and special equipment will result in a stabilised periodontal attachment. We can then work together to prevent recurrence of periodontal disease.


text:
The Angular Momentum of Light
- Editors:
- David L. Andrews, University of East Anglia
- Mohamed Babiker, University of York
- Date Published: December 2012
- availability: Available
- format: Hardback
- isbn: 9781107006348
Other available formats:
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Recent developments in the angular momentum of light present fresh challenges to long established concepts and pave the way for new and wide-ranging applications. The scope for structured light such as optical vortices, in particular, now extends from microfluidics to quantum information. This is the first comprehensive edited collection dealing with light carrying spin and orbital angular momentum, covering both fundamental and applied aspects. Written by internationally leading specialists, the chapters have been compiled to reflect the latest scientific progress and to address the multitude of theoretical, experimental and technical issues associated with this vibrant and exciting field. The volume is an authoritative reference for academic researchers and graduate students engaged in theoretical or experimental study of optical angular momentum and its applications. It will also benefit professionals in physics, optics and optical engineering, chemistry and biology.Read more
- Brings into focus past and recent developments
- Features contributions by an international team of leading experts in the field
- Proposes new avenues for future research developments
Reviews & endorsements
"This highly recommended book is suitable for physics graduate students and researchers who require an up-to-date source on light-carrying spin and orbital angular momentum. It provides a modern quantum mechanical explanation of how to measure and use light's angular momentum and its experimental techniques. The author's clear writing makes it easy to understand the physics and mathematics. Each chapter contains an introduction, theoretical physical and mathematical foundations, experimental techniques, and modern applications. The book is well-illustrated and includes pertinent references and an index. While light's energy and linear momentum date back to Maxwell, angular momentum will find numerous modern applications in the fields of optical trapping of particles with Bessel beams and quantum computing."
Barry R. Masters for Optics & Photonics News
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Product details
- Date Published: December 2012
- format: Hardback
- isbn: 9781107006348
- length: 442 pages
- dimensions: 244 x 170 x 25 mm
- weight: 0.9kg
- contains: 186 b/w illus.
- availability: Available
Table of Contents
Preface D. L. Andrews and M. Babiker
1. Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum J. B. Götte and S. M. Barnett
2. Vortex transformation and vortex dynamics in optical fields G. Molina-Terriza
3. Vector beams in free space E. J. Galvez
4. Optical beams with orbital angular momentum in nonlinear media A. S. Desyatnikov and Y. S. Kivshar
5. Ray optics, wave optics and quantum mechanics G. Nienhuis
6. Quantum formulation of angle and orbital angular momentum J. B. Götte and S. M. Barnett
7. Dynamic rotational frequency shift I. Bialynicki-Birula and Z. Bialynicka-Birula
8. Spin-orbit interactions of light in isotropic media K. Y. Bliokh, A. Aiello and M. A. Alonso
9. Quantum electrodynamics, angular momentum and chirality D. L. Andrews and M. Babiker
10. Trapping of charged particles by Bessel beams I. Bialynicki-Birula, Z. Bialynicka-Birula and N. Drozd
11. Theory of atoms in twisted light M. Babiker, D. L. Andrews and V. E. Lembessis
12. An experimentalist's introduction to orbital angular momentum for quantum optics J. Romero, D. Giovannini, S. Franke-Arnold and M. J. Padgett
13. Measurement of light's orbital angular momentum M. P. J. Lavery, J. Courtial and M. J. Padgett
14. Efficient generation of optical twisters using helico-conical beams V. R. Daria, D. Palima and J. Glückstad
15. Self similar modes of coherent diffusion with orbital angular momentum O. Firstenberg, M. Shuker, R. Pugatch and N. Davidson
16. Dimensionality of azimuthal entanglement M. van Exter, E. Eliel and H. Woerdman
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text:
|An old pin-on compass.
Making a list…matches, lunch, dog biscuits, water, GPS, compass…the list goes on. It's going to be an all-day affair, hiking into new bird country far from anywhere. Images on Google Earth hint of new coverts. It used to be the dreaming was done over topographic maps and mixed with a good imagination. Google Earth works better.
The two younger shorthairs, Georgia and Juno, will accompany me. Hard hunting the previous two days will keep the older wirehairs sleeping and content at the camp. It will just be the three of us, so there will be no worries about boring someone if there aren't the birds we're hoping for.
The woods seems bigger when I'm there with just the dogs and miles from the pavement. Damp leaves silence our steps as we follow a straight old logging road through maples and birch and up a small rise. With the tall straight maples and hills in the distance it definitely feels like New England.
An old pasture, abandoned decades ago, opens up in front of us. The empty blue sky between the rounded hills to the east and west indicates the direction to go. One sixty-two on the compass, remember that for when the trees hide the hills.
On the far side, beyond towering poplars, the land dips down until it enters softwoods and flattens out. Georgia dashes along where the two forests meet and then she turns to stone.
Hurrying over, a grouse flushes far ahead.
Calling them in, the girls lead into the softwoods. We hunt to the east, finding the edge where the softwoods and hardwoods meet, and then work toward the south again. Juno bumps a grouse, and then a second one rumbles away. An almost imperceptible old logging road angles ahead and to the right, barely kept open by frequently traveling moose. We follow to another opening.
The ground is wet and the grass thick, almost waist high. We work back into the woods to circumnavigate on firmer ground. Where another logging road comes down the hill a yellow sign with a black arrow marks the turn of a snowmobile trail. Near a cluster of young firs the dogs get birdy.
Georgia freezes. Juno copies. Stepping around the trees to the right the bird flushes to the left.
The snowmobile trail heads the right direction, so we follow under dark softwood trees where it feels like a tunnel. Soon a third opening exposes the blue sky. The ground is firmer, so we step out into the sunshine.
|An ancient apple tree.
A tall white pine over a small knoll looks familiar. Beneath the tree is a little stone-lined cellar hole. I've been there before, hiking in from a rough logging road to the south. Two young wild apples stand near high-bush cranberries where the forest meets the ancient field. It is grouse country.
|An ancient stone wall.
We follow the old road through hardwoods to a familiar wood bridge that's maintained by a snowmobile club. Under us a stream hisses into the valley and it looks like woodcock country. Georgia and Juno stop in the rushing water to drink. From there it is only a couple of miles to where I had parked years earlier to walk in there from the south. Slipping off my gunning vest, I fish a sandwich from a pocket and settle against a log to share lunch with my girls.
We'll follow the stream down to where it meets the softwoods and then hunt the edge back, but first I'll let the sun warm my face.
My adventures used to be ten days long, sometimes even ten months long, but now aren't even ten hours long, yet I seem to appreciate them more than ever. And at the end of the day, a hot shower and ice cubes for the scotch make them seem so civilized.
|Woodcock country....


text:
Published at Thursday, April 25th, 2019 - 18:39:30 PM. Worksheet. By Madeleina Moreau.
Fine motor skills. Working on a dot-to-dot is a great way to strengthen hand and finger muscles in preparation for writing. During early childhood is the optimal time to help develop vital muscles we'll be using throughout our life. Children can concentrate on gripping their pencil and strengthen their hands while working on dot-to-dot.
Of course, you will need to make multiple copies of the worksheet for your students. Consider printing one copy of the worksheet at home or in your classroom, and using the color copier in your school office, if one is available. If your worksheet has a lot of color on it, then it will use up your printer ink pretty quickly. If your school does not have a color copier, then consider taking the worksheet to a quick copy place like Kinkos or Office Max to run the copies for you. This won't cost you an arm and a leg, and your copies will be done quickly and easily.
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text:
Get an extra 20% OFF
on your first purchase!
Preferred Delivery Time module by Prestashop provides an effective way to increase customer experience. This module allows users to enter their preferred delivery date and time on Checkout page.
Knowband, a leading name as an eCommerce development company provides Prestashop plugin development services to enhance the functionality of your eCommerce stores. For providing Prestashop plugin development, we have hired experienced Prestashop developers who work with full dedication to offer Prestashop development and support services.
If there is a feature you want on your Prestashop store, chances are that a Prestashop plugin will allow you to do it, if you don't find any such plugin you can always contact us for your custom plugin development requirements.


text:
Bjorn Mella - AACMA MemberMaitland Wellness Centre, 48 Church St, Maitland, NSW, 2320sponsored listing
Bjorn Mella - AACMA MemberMaitland Wellness Centre, 48 Church St, Maitland, NSW, 2320sponsored listing
AcupunctureNew(02) 4938 3884Send to mobile
Yin's Clinic of Traditional Chinese Medicine & AcupunctureBranxton Commercial Center Suite 2,, 71 Maitland St, Branxton, NSW, 2335Mr. Jackson Y.YIN is a Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioner, herbalist and acupuncturist registered at Australian Health Practitioner Registration (AHPRA). Mr. Yin's family has four generations of Traditional Chinese Medicine history. He has spent many years refining his skills and mastering the delicate practice of Traditional Chinese medicine both theoretically and in practice under the wing of his parents and grandparents. Mr. Yin is qualified with the Bachelor of Traditional Chinese Medicine and now the head practitioner of his own private practice - Yin's Clinic of Traditional Chinese Medicine located in the Hunter Valley and has been for over five years. He has fostered an interest in the treatment of personal injury management, rehabilitation, acute and chronic pain, a...read moresponsored listing
Maitland Wellness Centre48 Church St, Maitland, NSW, 2320Maitland Wellness Centre is a professionally run clinic with eight fully qualified therapists. The Massage therapists are certified in a range of massage techniques, including relaxing, deep tissue therapy, trigger point and myofascial cupping. The Acupuncturists have undertaken BA Sc in Acupuncture Degrees, and have all completed internships at teaching hospitals in China. Therapists at Maitland Wellness Centre are willing to work in conjunction with your GP or other health professionals.sponsored listing
Bjorn Mella48a Church St, Maitland, NSW, 2320sponsored listing


text:
Local government in New Mexico
Local government in New Mexico consists of counties and municipalities.[1]
A municipality may call itself a: village, town, or city.[2] There is no distinction in the statutes and no correlation to any particular form (Mayor-Council, Commission-Manager, etc.). Unless provided otherwise in a municipality's charter, municipal elections are held on the first Tuesday in March of every even-numbered year.[3] Elections are non-partisan,[4] and election materials (cards, signs, ads, etc.) are exempted from the requirements for all other elections that the responsible party be identified (as in "paid for by Committee to Elect Joe Candidate").
School districts[edit]
Other bodies[edit]
In addition to municipalities, limited local authority can be vested in landowners' associations and districts. An example of the former is the Madrid Landowners' Association, which is the closest thing to local government in Madrid, New Mexico. Its authority comes from the restrictive covenants that are written into all deeds.
See also[edit]
- ^ "New Mexico Legislature: New Mexico Statutes". State of New Mexico. Archived from the original on 2012-05-05. Retrieved 2009-02-08. New Mexico statutes online.
- ^ New Mexico Statutes §3-1-3
- ^ New Mexico Statutes §3-8-25
- ^ New Mexico Statutes §3-8-29C
Further reading[edit]
- Garcia, F. Chris; Hain, Paul L.; et al., eds. (2006). Governing New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-4128-0. Chapter 6 focuses on local government.
|This New Mexico-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
|This article related to the politics of the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
Opera 3 is a market-leading payroll software which comes with HMRC PAYE and RTI recognition. Opera 3 payroll is powerful, flexible system with added functionality:
Scalable: Whatever your business size, running single or multi-frequencies, Opera 3 Payroll provides all the required features for you.
NEST Integration: Opera 3 Payroll allows you to create enrolment information and contribution files that can be uploaded to NEST (National Employment Saving Trust).
Online Filing Manager: The Pegasus Online Filing Manager enables quick and effortless electronic RTI submissions via the Government Gateway.
Personnel: Opera 3 enables the management of all employee-related processes including recruitment, retention, training, disciplinary actions, absenteeism, job changes and salary updates.
Pegasus P11D Organiser: Pegasus P11D Organiser can be used throughout the year as an expenses management system providing an accurate audit trail of all individuals' benefit and expense items.
For more information click :


text:
I know what you're thinking: "Autumn is here! Who needs sunny weather and optimism? Sign me up for grey skies and vitamin D supplements!". Oh you weren't thinking that? Me neither. Well perhaps Halloween gives you more joy, along with the chance to see one of your colleagues dressed up like Freddy Mercury ('Hg' emblazoned on their chest, classic) at the departmental party?
In the spirit of Halloween, Simone Morra and Anca Pordea at the University of Nottingham have synthesized a mutant alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme turned Frankenstein catalyst, by replacing the zinc catalytic site with a covalently-bound rhodium(III) complex. The resulting mutant/transition-metal composite was used in combination with the wild-type enzyme to synthesize the chiral alcohol (S)-4-phenyl-2-butanol.
Like many hybrid systems, the purpose of combining enzymatic with transition metal catalysis is to take advantage of the benefits of each. Millions of years of evolution have produced enzymatic catalysts that function under mild conditions, in aqueous solvents, with impressive selectivity and high catalytic efficiency. But the narrow range of conditions that enzymes operate under can be disadvantageous in a synthetic setting. On the other hand, transition metal catalysts are versatile and can be easily customised, reacting with a liberty that would make the most promiscuous of enzymes blush.
Unfortunately, developing multi-component systems that utilise both transition metal and enzymatic catalysis is not as simple as combining them in a single mixture, as mutual deactivation often results. The authors found that encasing the transition metal complex in an enzyme provided a physical shield against inhibition, and preserved the activity of both the wild type enzyme and the rhodium(III) complex.
Two interconnected catalytic cycles were responsible for synthesis of the chiral alcohol. In the first, the wild type enzyme effected reduction of 4-phenyl-2-butanol, a process that relies on the biological reductant nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). In the second cycle, NADPH was recycled using the composite rhodium(III) complex/mutant enzyme, with formic acid as the stoichiometric reductant. The rate of alcohol formation was slow (turnover frequency of 0.02 s-1) and the transition-metal catalysed process was deemed to be rate limiting (compare to turnover frequencies of 4.8 s-1 for enzymatic systems). However, near perfect enantioselectivity was obtained (>99% ee).
This research demonstrates one way that transition metal catalysts can augment the scope of co-factor-dependent enzymes. Furthermore, devising strategies to prepare metal-complex/enzyme bioconjugates might have value for small molecule synthesis due to the second coordination sphere that enzymes offer; an encased steric environment to guide the reaction outcome is a valuable approach to improving selectivity in catalytic reactions.
To find out more please read:
Biocatalyst-artifical metalloenzyme cascade based on alcohol dehydrogenase
Simone Morra, Anca Pordea.
Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 7447-7454
DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02371a
About the author
Zoë Hearne is a PhD candidate in chemistry at McGill University in Montréal, Canada, under the supervision of Professor Chao-Jun Li. She hails from Canberra, Australia, where she completed her undergraduate degree. Her current research focuses on transition metal catalysis to effect novel transformations, and out of the lab she is an enthusiastic chemistry tutor and science communicator.


text: Author: ezio.melotti Date: Thu Nov 18 20:48:27 2010 New Revision: 86528 Log: #10455: fix typo Modified: python/branches/py3k/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst Modified: python/branches/py3k/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst ============================================================================== --- python/branches/py3k/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst (original) +++ python/branches/py3k/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst Thu Nov 18 20:48:27 2010 @@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ The :mod:`urllib.response` module defines functions and classes which define a minimal file like interface, including ``read()`` and ``readline()``. The -typical response object is an addinfourl instance, which defines and ``info()`` +typical response object is an addinfourl instance, which defines an ``info()`` method and that returns headers and a ``geturl()`` method that returns the url. Functions defined by this module are used internally by the :mod:`urllib.request` module.


text:
Dr. Doom Marc Faber , discusses the future of the euro and whether a global catastrophe is on the way, with CNBC. : "I don't know what will happen, but i know what should happen and what should happen is that Greece exits the euro zone right away and defaults on all its obligation to foreigners. if they have obligations to foreigners, it's the mistake of the bureaucrats in Brussels"
"...They don't want to leave the euro zone because they know that in the future the Drachma will be worth 70% less than a euro. that's why they don't want to leave. equally they don't want to have austerity and have their salaries and benefits cut by 50%. that would be necessary to bring some order to Greece's household mess"


text:
To love a person is to be patient and kind, not to be jealous or arrogant or proud or aggressive. Love is not blind, just look at what really matters ... so that is born in the first place, he does not care about the color or the size, if you are poor or rich, obese or thin, beautiful or ugly attributes it only matters what's inside ... who that person really.
Love is not blind, or deaf, or stupid, actually look beyond what you never say. One goes further and shows who we really are that person. Being in love requires seeing that person as truth is, love is to know all the good and bad and still love him for who he is. Love is not always rosy, because you can not have love without pain: sacrifice is part of what it means to love someone, and if you're not willing to sacrifice for that person it just does not love her.
To love is to trust each other, knowing that we would receive a bullet just for that person, and that it will also be willing to do, to know that no matter who that person will be there through thick and thin. To love is to make the impossible possible for that person beloved is happy.
Love means having strong and unwavering feelings for a best friend, family or the person you're in the romantic relationship. Love is a feeling that represents infinite affection towards the beloved in your heart.
- Credits -
On Ian:
Shape not for Sale.
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Ears: [MANDALA] STEKING EARS
Bracelet: [MANDALA] - OKAKI Bracelet set/BROWN
Watch: [MANDALA] - HOKUSAI Bracelet set/BLACK
Hands: Slink - Mesh Hands
Poses: Purple Poses - Model Pose Hilary - (at Silicone) - NEW!!
Poses: Purple Poses - Model Pose Hilary - (at Silicone) - NEW!!


text:
One Night Offline // Beer Launch Party
~ ~ ~ ~ This event is free but rsvp-ing is required at email@example.com ~ very limited capacity ~ ~ ~ ~
Offline is our version of a Witbier and to celebrate the launch of this fresh brew, we're going extremely offline!
One night Offline, the Launch Party will be a completely offline event, despite what this online announcement might have you believe. Wander and party around the brewery and make some offline connections. We're creating our own filter bubble. A night out, a night off.
In collaboration with online magazine (note the irony) Hard//Hoofd we invited some guests on this analogue quest.
Go Offline with us:
Official introduction Offline
Our brewer will explain why and how this Witbier joined our core line-up, everyone gets a glass to cheer on being Offline.
Phone love hotel
For a total offline experience everyone is required to leave their phone at the phone hotel at the entrance.
Jeroen van Loon / Offline Artist
Artist Jeroen van Loon works with the idea that even the Internet will one day become obsolete. After his talk everyone will be invited to join a performance.
Sidney Vollmer
Researcher and creator of podcasts, Sidney Vollmer shares his insights on the influence of digital culture on our lives, and how we may balance our online with our offline selves.
Analogue Apps
Stress of losing your favorite apps? We will make sure you still have access to your favorite apps, but with a little twist…
After Party
A dancing ritual with one of our favorite djs.
Join One night Offline?
Send an email to email@example.com with OFFLINE in the subject and you will receive an offline ticket in your email.
Note that this is an exclusive event with limited capacity and rsvp-ing is required.
Without a physical invite, you will be challenged to a duel, which you will lose ⚔


text:
We believe the very success of any business operation depends on a great deal in having a competent and reliable manpower. We practice stringent selection criteria; we select the workforce of foreign workers and provide them with Read More..
Whilst introducing ourselves in the potential field of "Recruitment" We shall portray "employment" as a unique element in the entire universe, nurtured for human survival, from primitive days.
It is most gratifying that the association of genuine entrepreneurs overseas, resulting in the growth of successful business has channeled us to assume this status gradually through the years. Our mission is to appoint "Right Man for the Right Job". Being flexible in our terms, we are equipped with largest Manpower data-bank, comprising files of job seekers such as professionals, skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled. We assure all our workers will be trade tested by state approved Institutes, besides their experience, complying with your specifications and medical fitness.
Assuring you of our fullest co-operation at all times and anxiously awaiting your favorable response.
Thank you.
Managing Director
Rizzu Sharma
Tel: 00974 5064 8482
Email: email@example.com


text:
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Spring Tulip Flowers Non-Woven Fabric Table Runner
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text:
Watching both the health care and climate/energy debates in Congress, it is hard not to draw the following conclusion: There is only one thing worse than one-party autocracy, and that is one-party democracy, which is what we have in America today.
One-party autocracy certainly has its drawbacks. But when it is led by a reasonably enlightened group of people, as
Our one-party democracy is worse. The fact is, on both the energy/climate legislation and health care legislation, only the Democrats are really playing. With a few notable exceptions, the
Look at the climate/energy bill that came out of the House. Its sponsors had to work twice as hard to produce this breakthrough
"China is going to eat our lunch and take our jobs on clean energy — an industry that we largely invented — and they are going to do it with a managed economy we don't have and don't want," said Joe Romm, who writes the blog,
The only way for us to match them is by legislating a rising carbon price along with efficiency and renewable standards that will stimulate massive private investment in clean-tech. Hard to do with a one-party democracy.Continue reading the main story
The same is true on health care. "The central mechanism through which Obama seeks to extend coverage and restrain costs is via new 'exchanges,'
And it is possible the president will seek to fund those subsidies, at least in part, with the idea
"Just because Obama is on a path to give America the Romney health plan with McCain-style financing, does not mean the Republicans will embrace it — if it seems politically more attractive to scream 'socialist,' " said Miller.
The G.O.P. used to be the party of business. Well, to compete and win in a globalized world, no one needs the burden of
"Globalization has neutered the Republican Party, leaving it to represent not the have-nots of the


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Laying sod is easy. Unfortunately, laying sod wrong is easy too. There are a few basic tips that, when followed, will ensure survival of the sod resulting in a lush, thriving lawn.
- Prepare the ground properly for best results.
- Fresh sod is best. The longer it's been sitting the more time it's had to dry out and begin to die.
- A starter fertilizer could be applied to aid in establishment, but is not necessary especially if the soil is rich in organic matter.
- Lay a single, straight line as a guide and work from there.
- When starting a new row, make sure the pieces are staggered so that the seams don't line up with the previous row.
- Trim around obstacles with a sharp knife (carpet/lino knife works great)
Once the sod is in place, water it deeply. Keeping it moist is the most crucial part of caring for new sod.


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Throughout the San Diego area, thin strips of canyon open-space break the symmetry of the urban/suburban continuum. Sometimes these shreds of natural landscape survive by design. In other cases -- in older neighborhoods especially -- the canyons survive because they were too steep and narrow to ever have been developed in a practical way.
Some 37 canyon bottoms within San Diego's city limits, ranging in length from 0.2 mile to 6 miles, are scheduled to receive "improvements" in the form of new or expanded utility maintenance roads. A number of local citizen groups are opposed to this plan or at least concerned that it will mean further environmental degradation of plant and wildlife habitat. I (and about 80 other people) recently joined an informational walk down the obscure Navajo Canyon sponsored by the Sierra Club to learn more about the issue. Navajo Canyon is threaded by an unpaved maintenance road today, and it could at some point in the future be paved over by an extension of four-lane Navajo Road from College Avenue to Waring Road at Interstate 8.
The gated (but open to pedestrians and mountain bikers) access road into Navajo Canyon starts from a parking lot at the end of Easton Court in Allied Gardens and descends about 1 1/2 miles to Adobe Falls Road near the Waring Road/I-8 interchange. On our way down this road, our astute guides pointed out specimens of coast barrel cactus and California spine bush (both endangered species), as well as the more common assemblage of sage, lemonade berry, toyon, prickly pear cactus, and coast cholla cactus that is typical of the sage-scrub plant community coating coastal hillsides throughout our county.
Native willows, cattails, and a couple of cottonwoods could be seen crowding into the bottom of the canyon, where a small stream trickled. But so, too, did nonnative fan palms, pampas grass, eucalyptus, and two kinds of pepper tree. These unwelcome if not-bad-looking interlopers were disparaged for their invasive behavior; I could only agree with that, having seen the canyon years ago in a more pristine native state.
Our watch for wildlife was highlighted by the impressive vertical flying maneuvers of an Anna's hummingbird in the throes of a mating dance.
I'd recommend the easy ramble through Navajo Canyon to anyone interested in seeing a better-than-average example of an urban canyon and in understanding the challenge of keeping utility infrastructure to a minimum in open-space areas. To learn more, call Liz Freirich at the Canyons Campaign, 619-299-1741.
More from SDReader
- More stories by Jerry Schad
- Hoyt Park Trail: A quiet canyon shaded by eucalyptus trees — Jan. 30, 2019
- Theft a testament to soccer's popularity? — July 7, 2015
- Navajo Canyon Open Space — Oct. 3, 2012
- Hike through one of Southern California's first greenbelt parks -- the James Dilley Preserve near Irvine. — July 26, 2007
- Jamul's newly opened Hollenbeck Canyon Wildlife Area offers a new opportunity for hiking and horseback riding. — June 6, 2002


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Archive for September, 2006
Another "Public" Meeting
Again, chances are the public will not be included in what should be a public process. This meeting has been designated too technical and nuts and bolts for the public. But I ask you where is our public meeting that we were promised a year ago?
Councilman Cummins and his assistant, Johanna Hamm are working feverishly to get a public meeting for us before the closing of the bridge. By necessity, this will be another short notice. I will keep you posted. Call the Mayor's Action Line 664-2900. Call the County Engineer's Office 348-3800. No need to call our councilman. He's already on it!
Yesterday I received this notice from the BrooklynBrighton team on our community enotice. Tuesday night, Councilman Brian Cummins told us at our Democrat Ward Club meeting that this meeting would be taking place but that he wanted a public meeting to be held before the closing of the bridge, and he had already put in the request. He also said that the hope was that the bridge could stay open until after Boo at the Zoo I saw late last night that the bridge will be closing October 5. So, I haven't talked to the Councilman but obviously what he wants and what we want, an open, public dialogue with questions and answers, still isn't in the cards on this project.
So, it looks like at this point in time the ONLY meeting held will be this one.
Fulton Road Bridge Pre-Construction Conference
Friday, September 29
10:00 a.m.
Cleveland Metroparks Zoo
Windows on the World Meeting Room
Those in attendance will be City, County, State Representatives, County Engineer Representatives, Contracto, Pulbic Utilities Representatives
Unfortunately, many people will not be able to attend because of the short fuse, myself included, but we need as many voices there as possible to represent our park neighborhoods adjacent to this project. Again, another PUBLIC meeting held in the morning on a work day and the notice is so short that arrangements usually cannot be made to attend.
if at all possible, please attend and ask the questions and get the answers we need regarding this HUGE project that will change our lives for the next three years, and beyond.
When oh when will these public officials understand that it is OUR money they are spending and they have an obligation to inform and include those footing the bill. I am glad that we have a councilman trying to give us transparency and accountability but what a time he will have getting it for us. Sometimes, I feel like I have fallen down the rabbit hole and am swirling out of control. Like today, I cannot get this silly song out of my head "and a very happy un birthday to you, to you" Only the refrain has been changed to "and another very unpublic meeting,
screw to you, screw to you. And should you want to sing along or compose your own parody of the song, click here, but if you do, please share. In times of adversity a sense of humor keeps us grounded.
You Want Drugs, We Gotcher Drugs, Right heah!
I posted the following comment over on Brewed Fresh Daily in response to Jonathon's post hailing Wal Mart's decision to slash prices on 300 generic drugs.
I am bit surprised that you do not see the Writing on the Wal. Number 1: going head to head with the competition in our area (Walgreens and Rite Aid) slashing prices on generic drugs to draw people into WalMart. Once they are in Walmart, why not pick up bread and milk and school supplies at the same time. One Stop shopping.
2. Price shifting generic drugs become loss leader, other prices go up because the few pennies more means less than driving to another store when gas is so high.
3. Appealing to a huge market share with a) amoxycillin- Those of us with children know that that antibiotic becomes a parent's best friend when children are small and ear infections abound b)heart medications who doesn't know someone in the 65 and over group who does not take a series of heart medicaitons. People with children under five and over 65 will do their shopping in one place–WALMART.
And essentially, as Walmart's market share grows-more and more of their competitors will be driven out of business- so that one day the need for comparison pricing will no longer exist. And when that day comes, does anyone truly believe that Walnart will be the home of falling prices? I don't. How can anyone who set through Economics 101?
Because this post started out as a comment on another blog and another post, one thing that I didn't mention is what happens to the people who cannot take generic drugs or that cannot take the most common antibiotics known to man? My daughter and I are both allerigic to the cillins as we call them, me to penicillin and her to amoxicillin. In fact, she is so far off the chart, that she had to take Sulfadrugs for her ear infections and the pediatrician told me that if this doesn't work, I will not treat your daughter any longer until we test her for allergies to all medications so I know what and how I can treat her. Luckily, it worked and long before other parents realized that overmedicating for childhood fevers and illnesses is not a good thing, I along with our doctor was forced to take that path with my daughter. I shudder to think what a sulfadrug costs today. In 1989, it was aroudn $118. At that time, there were no generic sulfadrugs. Doubt if there is any now since they are not in huge demand.
Wal Mart is not the answer to anyone's prayers when it comes to the state of the cost of drugs-generic or otherwise.
Meet The Bloggers Meets Akron/Canton AMA
Last evening I had the opportunity to be on of the four speakers at the Akron/Canton Chapter American Marketing Association September dinner meeting held at the Sheraton Suites. If you haven't had the opportunity to visit the Sheraton Suites in Cuyahoga Falls, do so. It sits right by the Cuyahoga at the falls. The views from the hotel are magnificent. There is just something about water that is so beautiful and soothing. But, the opportunity that I can NEVER turn down is the opportunity to speak in front of an audience. It is the one aspect of teaching that I really miss because I loved nothing better than to see people listening, interacting, and engaging in learning. This group was a fantastic group of people willing to give a group of people that they barely knew the chance to talk about two of their passions, blogging and network weaving.
When Tim got up to begin the presentation, he asked how many of them had personal blogs-four and how many had busines blogs-five. I thought to myself Oh no, fifty people in the room and less than one fifth have blogs. Tough crowd! Was I pleasantly surprised. They asked questions, they listened with attention, some of them were on the edge of their chairs. I apologized for the use of my visual aid, but it is a carry over from my teaching years that I can't shake. (Actually, I don't want to shake it Visuals are always a help) I had outdone myself color coded squares, gold stars, and confetti. One or two were kind enough to tell me later that they loved the visual. George and Jason rounded out our presentation and those two again did their usual stellar work fielding questions from the audience like the pros they are.
If you are ever in the Akron area the third week of the month, check out the site above and stop in for a meeting. These business people from the Akron and Canton area are a good group–welcoming of people and new ideas, truly an asset to Northeast Ohio and they give me hope for our economic future in our global economy.
Thanks Akron Canton AMA. We had a great time!
What Tim Said
Tonight Tim, George Nemeth , Jason Haas and I are speaking at the Akron Canton Chapter of the American Marketing Association at their September meeting being held at the Sheraton Suites. We will talk about blogging and field questions from Marketing representatives from large corporations as well as small marketing business owners who freelance. It should be a good time. I always like speaking and discussing new, innovative ideas, but anyway, go here and get the rest of the story on Tim's blog.
Some Times the Most Incredible Things Happen in the Most Unlikely Places
Saturday night Tim and I attended an Ice Cream Social at Bill and Mary Denihan's party house on Lake Avenue. Actually, the home is for sale and is listed with Lake Realty realtor, Ali McAdams. Although the couple always throws a good party, this one had special significance for Ohio this year because the funds raised will benefit Ted Strickland's Turn Around Ohio campaign.
As Tim and I strolled through the spacious back yard sheltered by towering sycamore trees, we found that we had missed the guest of honor and his partner. Both had spoken a bit earlier and rushed off to the first of three more events on the schedule for that evening. In a conversation with Karen Perkowski and her niece Cait, we discovered that Dave, her husband, and Hyacinth Lofts, one of Dave's projects, were being featured in a N.Y. Times article written by Lisa Chamberlain. Here is a link to the article in its entirity.
As I prepared on Sunday morning to sit down and write a post on what Karen had told me Tim tells me George already has it posted on Brewed Fresh daily. I clicked there, and found this. George had read it on Chris Butler's blog, and since that blog has become one of my favorites, I immediately clicked thru to find out what Chris had to say.
But today, the buzz on this article continues to build. Here are a few more posts I have found that give a bit more background on this couple and the incredible things that they are doing here in Northeast Ohio and why their work is so significant to turning around Cleveland.
Tim's post.
Susan Miller's take on the article.
Norm Roulet's comments and incredible photos on RealNEO.
We are lucky to have a man of vision like Dave Perkowski in our midst who not only sees what can be done, but DOES it one building at a time. Thank you, Dave for truly believing in Cleveland.
Tonight's the Night
I know that song won't be played tonight at our event in the Tower Press Building because my partner George Nemeth is in charge of music, and he tells me often that the music of the '70's isn't music. I tell him that this is just one of those things that we will have to agree to disagree although I think he is having none of it and truly believes that there was no good music in the '70's. There will be plenty of other good music though so you should venture down to the Tower Press Building today after work and check out the place. An outstanding group of local poets will be reading original poetry at 6 p.m. Local artists are featured in our silent auction, and there is lways lively conversation when this group gets together. Add in a glass of wine and appetizers by Karen's creative catering staff from Artefino Cafe and this can't help but be one of those benefits that is a MUST GO! Tim wrote all the details on his blog so go there for the rest of the story.
Too Big For Their Britches?
So Sunday is the day that I open the mail and deal with it. Today, I opened a letter from National City Bank and burst out laughing. In October, 2005 I closed my account with National City, received a check for the balance in the account and moved our checking account to another bank. In November, I received a statement that showed I had a balance of $.06 in the account. I called the online service told them that I closed the account, please take care of the small balance. In December, I received another statement, I decided the phone call did not work, so I sent an email message to the bank reiterating that I had closed the account. In January, I wrote a letter to the bank telling them the account was closed. Since February, I have simply thrown the statements away until today when for some reason I decided to open it. Was I surprised! National City Bank says that I owe them $17.94 in account maintenance fees. Apparently, since June NCB has charged us $6.00 on our $.06 balance in a closed checking account.
I can see why NCB wouldn't want to send out a check to me for $.06, but why would they continue to tell me I had that amount in a checking account? I have told them repeatedly that I closed the account. Write off the $.06 for Pete's sake! But no, I continue to get computer generated statements for the last ten months, and for the last three months they are charging me $6.00 for account maintenance. Remember, I have repeatedly told them they do not have to maintain the $.06. I am well aware that no human mind with common sense has ever responded to my phone message, email, or letter that requested deleting the $.06 so that I could move on with my life. Strange, that NCB never seemed that concerned about maintaining our relationship until I tried to cut the strings and move forward with my life. Tuesday, I again will try to sever this sick relationship and move on-something I have been trying to do since October, 2005. This time, I will have to meet NCB face to face to get them to see that I will not pay them any money, and they should just delete the $.06 so we both can get on with our lives. Six cents that came out of the sky to land in a closed checking account that only wanted to be left in peace.
And this is the bank that economic analysts think should merge with Keybank. I wonder is that $18.00 sitting on a ledger somewhere as an accounts receivable due and payable to NCB forming a phantom asset? How many others could there be? Remember, this is the bank bilked by scam artists in a leasing arrangement who then insisted that the consumers owed the bank for the leases. Strangely enough, New York insisted that they settle with the consumers, but here in Ohio the lawsuit is still pending. Shouldn't our Attorney General demand the same outcome here for our consumers? Or since National City Bank was formed here in this state in 1854, should they do the right thing and admit that they made a bad business decision and move on. Appears to me, NCB has a hard time admitting that some relationships are better left alone. Cut your losses, walk away, form new relationships. But wait, have they set their sights on KeyBank? A word of caution to Key be a very reluctant suitor.


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Thanks to Jaimie Sirovich (SEO Egghead), I've just received a preview copy of the new book he co-authored with Christian Darie.
I've got a few more books to finish before starting this one, but can't wait to learn from it – SEO and PHP are two of my major interests in blogging, and I'm always keen on discovering new tricks in the field.
I'll be sure to post a review later on, but just wanted to let you know that the book is already on Amazon, in case you want to have a look and buy one.


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GP Services have a particularly powerful role to play in the health of our communities. However, we are acutely aware of the fact we only have the ability to affect certain aspects. Patients' financial stability, housing, educational and job opportunities, family support networks and other social care arrangements all have important influences in their lives.
We believe that working with Social Enterprises allows us a route into delivering a more holistic and cohesive model of care. Examples include our work with the following organisations:
- Foodbank -– Hurley Group is an established distributor of Foodbank vouchers. Foodbank is a store where food donated by the community is banked and can be drawn on by people in crisis. It provides free emergency food for three days, which is the period assessed as the minimum time it takes for statutory services to assist.
- Kairos Community Trust is a south London-based charity providing care for the homeless and addicted through services ranging from detox to rehab and supported housing. The Hurley Group provides GP services to its CQC-registered community detox hostel in Linden Grove, SE15.
- Apprenticeships – The Hurley Group is committed to working with apprentices and have partnered with both City Gateway Apprentice Scheme and Spearhead Scheme. Hurley Group believes it is important to support the opportunity for individuals to gain on the job experience while receiving professional training towards National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) as well as a number of other key skills qualifications.
Education Links Project
Education Links Project was developed by Dr Clare Gerada and remains based at the Hurley Clinic site in Kennington. The Hurley Group employs six school teachers who deliver the health education programme for primary and secondary schools in Lambeth. This innovative programme involves taking clinicians volunteering their time from the Hurley into schools every week to demystify health-related issues for children. It has been widely acclaimed as an inspirational model for the delivery of health education to schools.
Clinical Pharmacists in General Practice
The Hurley Group and Kings College Hospitals NHS Foundations Trust have developed an integrated and innovative approach to medicines optimisation and improved community medicines management, through the employment of Clinical Pharmacists working in Hurley Group GP practices and Kings College Hospitals. These joint roles support the medicines management aspects of the NHS England Clinical Pharmacists in GP Practice initiative through working within the general practice setting, hospital pharmacy, and the remote online setting. The programme support the NHS 5 Year Forward View to integrate clinical teams to provide specialist advice to patients, and undertake full patient centred medication reviews to proactively manage people with complex polypharmacy, particularly the elderly and those with multiple conditions.


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SGRAFFITO AND SLIP-DECORATED REDWARE DISH, ATTRIBUTED TO FREDERICK TOWNSHIP, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, DATED 1793.Est. $7,000-$9,000
Sold: $34,800 ($29,000)
The white slip ground decorated in sgraffito, daubed with green spots and reserved with a floral spray, sprigs and flowerheads, incised around the rim with the German proverb "Es sein kein vogel, es sind kein fisch/ Es weis ken gucku was es ist/ Eine blumme Zuschreiben/ Ist fur die zeit zu verdreiben, 1793" (There are no birds, there are no fish, No cuckoo knows what it is, To dedicate a flower/ Is to pass away the time), covered in yellowish mat lead glaze. Diameter 12 inches.
Literature: A marriage dish in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, with identical slip and floral decoration, also dated 1793, is illustrated in Beatrice B. Garvan, "The Pennsylvania German Collection," p. 215, n. 7.


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Article & Video: Using Snapshot to share project updates online
Snapshots give you a method of sharing your project with those outside your resource list.
Our Professional and Enterprise Editions include a feature for publishing a project. This option lets you Publish a project Snapshot with a unique URL link. The Snapshot makes it easy to communicate project status by simply sending the link in an email or posting it to an external webpage, blog or corporate sites with iframe capabilities, such as Google sites. Professional Edition users can have up to 5 Snapshots per project. Enterprise Edition users can create and publish unlimited Snapshots. Viewers with access to the Snapshot cannot edit the project information, but they can interact with it, e.g. zoom in/out and open/close task levels on the Gantt chart.
Snapshot functionality has been enhanced to allow you to choose which column data you would like exported to each Snapshot. You will have the ability to choose the standard Snapshot with pre-set columns, or select the columns specific to your needs.
From the Publish tab, click the new Snapshot icon in the toolbar. A dialogue box will appear. The default option is "Standard". Click the drop-down menu and select "Custom". You can then check/uncheck the boxes for the columns you wish to be published to the Snapshot.


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"Taishou Roman Haikara Tantei Aoi Ruby Satsujinjiken", the stage play featuring Tanaka Reina, Sudou Maasa, Shimisu Saki will be airing on Ustream.
The play will be streaming on the Ustream website however it is only available if you pay for it. It doesn't say weather it is live or pre-recorded but by streaming it on the internet it let's fans worldwide take a look at the play instead of waiting until the DVD comes out.
I'm also not too surprised by the announcement because they streamed C-ute concert on youtube and they did something similar to Morning Musume's fall concert last year. Also the stage play featuring C-ute and Berryz Koubou will be using the ustream pay per view method so it might seem like UFA is trying to reach a out to fans worldwide with their streaming methods.
Hopefully all fans are available to check it out.
The play is to stream from 4-8pm on 7/2.


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B.C. child poverty declining but still worst
The child poverty rate in B.C. is down according to the latest available figures, but the province still has the worst child poverty rate in the country.
The rate dropped to 14.5 per cent in 2008, according to the latest figures published by Statistics Canada. That's down from 18.8 per cent in 2007.
"This is the seventh year in a row that B.C. has been the worst of all provinces," said Adrienne Montani, of First Call, the organization that prepared the 2010 Child Poverty Report.
The figures mean that, 121,000 B.C. children — one in seven — lived under the poverty line in 2008.
The poverty rate is even worse for children under age six, at 19.6 per cent or one in five children in that group.
Montani said 2008 could have the lowest poverty figures of the decade.
"The recession that started in late 2008 is almost certain to produce higher poverty figures in 2009 and 2010," she said in a release. "Indicators, such as increases in 2009 and 2010 in food bank use and families on income assistance, signal this anticipated rise."
The province needs to look at wages, welfare rates, access to higher education and acknowledge there is a problem, Montani said.
"From a government perspective, it has been saying, 'Look, it's coming down, we don't really have a problem. The best solution is a strong economy.'"
The province is taking a positive outlook on the statistics, which show the B.C. child poverty picture is improving, said Minister of Children and Family Development, Mary Polak.
"We've seen a consistent rate of decline in our child poverty rate," Polak told CBC News in responding to the report. "I think that's due to a lot of targeted investments we've made."
Polak also agreed there is clearly room for improvement in the situation.
With files from the CBC's Ben Hadaway


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B2B Marketing Tips: Perk Up Your Summer With These Activities
Spring is almost done and this promises the approach of summer time. Well, as seasons alter, so do the marketing efforts that goes with them. You have new financial plans for the second-half, new strategies plans to attempt. Then again, those business still new to these alterations might still be thinking (like that child we were on that first day of summer "What now? What do you want to do?"). The unfortunate thing about summer is that once it's done, it's almost always like you haven't done enough. So this is what you can do to avoid that from happening:
- Reading. Bookworms shouldn't just be the ones with a summer reading list. There's a ton of things you can pick up as far as B2B marketing goes. You can curate more valuable summer content if you search for industry-relevant books and other resources. Summer-particular strategies could be in the current trend so begin searching for new blogs to take after and learn from!
- Make sales presentations. Presentations are not new to you and that's precisely why you shouldn't utilize the same materials repeatedly. Consider it like a summer project. What materials would you be able to make that will help you additionally enlighten customers?
- Social networking tools. It takes a lot of time managing your social network presence . What better time to re-assess your plan of action for the rest of the year? If summer implies slow sales and marketing drought, in any event, your assets are allowed to look into more approaches to decrease the work it takes to prevail on social media.
- Customer surveys. Being so occupied in different times of the year, you might neglect to review your customers' satisfaction. It's something else to research aside from improving your social media game. Make sure to follow up on new information or knowledge you've obtained.
- Networking events. This season concurs with going out and about! That incorporates going out for conventions and other networking events! Check your timetable for any possible events being facilitated and look for opportunities once you arrive!
Alteration in seasons implies a change in B2B marketing methodologies. Winter isn't the only one you need to brace for!