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7 Financial Blunders You Should Avoid in Marriage
Marriage is amazing.
That is, if all goes well. And many times, it doesn't.
There are many issues married couples must deal with that singles don't experience -- and they aren't simple issues to solve, either.
Think about it. When you want to buy that new car you've been eyeing since the fourth grade, you remember and think to yourself, "Oh yeah, I'm married. I just can't go out and buy a car!" At least, if you're an experienced married person, you won't make the mistake of purchasing something big without talking with your spouse first. And that, can be complicated. Convincing your spouse isn't always the easiest thing to do.
When you slip that ring onto their finger, it's no longer all about "me," it's all about "we." Unfortunately, many newlyweds aren't truly ready for that level of commitment. So they learn as they go.
Whether you're learning as you go, you're doing well or you're preparing for marriage, make sure you avoid these financial blunders in marriage.
1. Not creating and sticking to a budget. If you hear the word "budget" and cringe, don't worry, you're not alone. In fact, I hate budgeting. Why do I hate budgeting? It's usually pretty boring.
Still, if you're married, it's absolutely necessary to budget in order to keep fights down to a minimum and to maintain one's sanity. Seriously.
When your wife buys $500 worth of clothing in one day because you don't work a budget together, and you get mad at her, how do you think she's going to feel? After all, if that's how she has always spent money, why should she do anything different?
OK, OK, perhaps she should have had the wisdom to ask you first before making such a large purchase. But it may not have even crossed her mind that $500 is a lot of money to spend on clothing in one day -- at least, she had no clue that it was a lot of money to you.
Maybe your husband has been eyeing that new truck and decides to give it a test spin. The salesperson is good and your husband buys the truck because you aren't working a budget with him. Similar scenario, but much more costly. Yikes.
You see, budgets keep both spouses on the same page regarding what should be spent and what should not be spent (and on what money should be spent on). Perhaps, for example, you and your spouse can agree to only spend $200 a month on clothing. Maybe you decide to only spend $600 a month on groceries. It could be that you decide to have some discretionary fun money that can be spent on whatever you each individually want.
As you start to budget together, you'll find that many times having a budget frees you to spend money freely without hesitation -- because it's in the budget. This is very liberating -- which is pretty profound as many people feel budgets restrict people instead of free them.
Learn how to make a budget that works and get to it. You'll be glad you did.
2. Not communicating regularly about financial goals. Now, budgeting in a marriage lends itself to having a higher degree of communication about money, but it doesn't necessarily help all the way.
That's where communicating regularly about financial goals comes into play. In fact, when you're creating your budget, you should also be budgeting for large purchases you may want to make (including a down payment on a home, saving for retirement or saving for your children's college education).
If you're not communicating with your spouse about what you want your lives to look like in 10, 20 or 30 years, what you're really doing is leaving your future completely up to chance or up to whoever has the strongest will. Instead, talk about the future regularly and dream together about your goals and ambitions. By doing so, you'll be able to build those goals into your finances and make them much more likely to be accomplished.
3. Maintaining debt because of a lack of contentment. There are a number of circumstances when incurring debt might be a reasonable option. There also might be circumstances when keeping debt around temporarily is reasonable as well. However, if you're increasing your debt as a couple because of your lack of contentment (when you really should be content with what you have), there's a problem.
This financial blunder can have devastating effects on a marriage. Why strain your marriage over debt when you don't have to have debt? Do you really think that getting that fancy new car you can't afford to gambling with your credit card is going to make you happy over the long-term? Forget about it.
Instead, find contentment. Don't become materialistic.
4. Keeping separate bank accounts. This financial blunder should be a no-brainer -- avoid it.
If you're going to be working a budget together as you should, why keep your bank accounts separate? There should be no secrets in marriage. If you're married, you should definitely have joint bank accounts. This will also put more pressure on both of you to work together toward your shared goals.
I realize that some people have separate bank accounts because perhaps one account is for the bills and another account is for one-time purchases. Why can't both of these accounts be joint accounts?
Really, the way I see it, there's no reason to have separate bank accounts. In marriage you're one, and so should be your access to bank accounts.
5. Not having an emergency fund. Emergency funds play a critical role in financial plans. Should something happen to you, your spouse, your children, or your property, your emergency fund should help offset the financial losses.
Why is having an emergency fund particularly important in marriage? Some married people feel pretty comfortable not having much money in the bank. They simply trust that money will somehow always be around or that emergencies won't happen to them. But here's the thing: spouses of these people don't always feel the same way.
Being on the brink of not being able to pay one's bills sends some people's stress levels into orbit. They can't fathom being comfortable with $1,000 or $2,000 in the bank -- they want more just in case.
And you know what? They're right: a couple thousand dollars in an emergency fund isn't nearly enough over the long-term.
Imagine getting into an accident where you hit a telephone pole and you don't have collision coverage. Oops. Now you need a new car and you both figure you need to spend more than two grand for reliable transportation.
The big oops? You didn't save enough money in your emergency fund. If you're the spouse who felt comfortable with just a couple grand in the bank, imagine the look on your spouse's face when they discover that there's not enough money to pay for your accident.
6. Keeping important business decisions private. Your spouse should be involved in all aspects of your life -- not just your personal life. If you're planning on taking out a loan for your business, for example, you should definitely talk with your spouse first.
When I was thinking about signing up for a pricey business coaching program, I first asked my wife. Sure, she didn't jump for joy and approve right away -- but eventually she agreed and it proved beneficial to my business. Now, can you imagine if I would have just dropped over $7,000 on a coaching program without talking with her first? She wouldn't have been happy, to say the least.
Talk with your spouse about your important business decisions before you make them.
7. Not forgiving financial mistakes. Yes, this, too, is a financial blunder.
When you first get on a budget together, do you really think you're both going to abide by it with perfection? Hardly. It's going to take some time to adjust to the new rules.
So when your spouse makes a mistake, don't make the mistake of not forgiving their error. Don't hold these things against them. Intentional deviation deserves a serious conversation (still with forgiveness), but unintentional mistakes deserve a try-harder-next-time-and-no-worries sentiment (along with forgiveness).
If you can't forgive your spouse and you harbor anger, do you really think they are going to willingly work the budget with you or communicate about finances? Probably not. They'll most likely want to hide. And that can be financially damaging, too.
Avoid these financial blunders in marriage, and you'll be on a road not many travel -- but boy will it be worth the effort.


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Internet, meet your new winner of the "Most Talented Human on Earth" award, or at the very least whatever bar he happens to be in at the time. Seriously, can we get a certificate or something for this guy? The man can poor a can of beer with only his forehead.
The video from Holy City Brewing in Charleston, South Carolina shows William -- whom I have to assume is a mortal man and not some time traveler that has developed skills beyond our evolution -- placing a beer can on his forehead and then pouring himself a pint.
If William ever decides to enter the profession of bartending, he's going to clean up in tips with this trick.

subset: commoncrawl


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The 10 Best Tea Kettles
This wiki has been updated 21 times since it was first published in May of 2015. From the simple and functional to the sleek and stylish, our selection of tea kettles offers something for everyone. With a wide range of both stovetop and electric models, whether you want a fast cup before heading out or like to take your time and relax over a nice brew steeped at the perfect temperature, we've got you covered. When users buy our independently chosen editorial recommendations, we may earn commissions to help fund the Wiki. Skip to the best tea kettle on Amazon.
Comforting Rituals
Any of the tea kettles on our list could easily become a part of your tea ritual, whether you end up with an electric kettle or a stove top model.
That is all, of course, ignoring the ritual of tea making, which has its own kind of soothing property as well.
After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world, and for good reason. Very little in the world can compare to the soothing qualities of a good cup of tea. Conversely, the caffeine levels in certain teas allow us to function at a higher level than coffee can, as long as you aren't comparing it to some latte with five shots of espresso and a cup of sugar in it.
The energizing effects of tea are easy to trace. Xanthines like caffeine and theophylline in tea act as a stimulant to the central nervous system, increasing heart rate and focus. The active ingredients which reduce stress and provide the soothing characteristics of tea are a little harder to identify.
Tea is an extraordinarily complex drink, full of flavonoids, catechins, amino acids, and polyphenols, all of which could have a marked affect on brain activity and corresponding levels of cortisol, the stress hormone. That is all, of course, ignoring the ritual of tea making, which has its own kind of soothing property as well.
Regardless of where you look throughout the history of man, in even the most remote and isolated pockets of antiquated humanity, there is ritual. Repeated actions performed with or without the conscious attempt at achieving spiritual or physical levity exist in each of our lives, and the brewing of tea is among them. These actions provide an undeniable sense of comfort from their repetitiveness, from their reliability.
Any of the tea kettles on our list could easily become a part of your tea ritual, whether you end up with an electric kettle or a stove top model. The electric kettles on our list all heat water by the same means, which is through an electric coil that converts voltage into heat as the energy from the outlet excites the metal of the coil. That heat transfers through an insulated metal plate at the bottom of the kettle and heats the water within.
The stove top models on our list are a little more traditional, as they use the heat from your stove's flame to transfer energy into the water they hold, heating it up the more it gets excited, eventually bringing it to a boil.
In Hot Water
Proper tea making is a pretty delicate process, especially according to the purists out there. Different teas and tea blends require different steeping times in different temperatures of water. Even in England, a country known and often lampooned for its tea consumption, the average citizen reportedly makes a pretty bad cup of tea.
Different teas and tea blends require different steeping times in different temperatures of water.
Whatever your level of adherence to the stipulations set forth by tea aficionados, having the right kettle in your life will at least get your water hot in a way that pleases you, and making that first step toward tea preparation a positive psychological one will have a remarkable effect on the rest of the process and, undoubtedly, on the flavor of the tea.
The main thing you need to ask yourself is whether you want to go with a traditional stove top tea kettle or an electric model. Most people agree that electric models boil water a little bit faster than you can on the stove, so if efficiency is your priority, electric is the way to go. The electric kettles on our list also offer you specific temperature cut-offs, so that you can get your water up to a preferred temperature for a certain type of tea that might burn if you hit it with boiling water.
The advantages of the stove top kettles are mostly aesthetic, as they can more easily be stored without having to deal with any cords, or they can attractively live on your range while you're not using them. If you have limited counter space, or if you prefer the look of a more traditional tea kettle, these are your best bet.
Tea Time: A History Of The Brew
The history of the tea kettle is tied inexorably to the history of tea. The only problem with the history of tea is that its exact origins are something of a mystery. There are myths and traditions that purport one founder or another, sometimes mystical or violent, and other times simple and reasonable.
As he sat, a few dried leaves that had fallen from a nearby tree got swept up in a breeze and landed in his water, immediately discoloring it and producing a favorable aroma.
In one example, the Buddha sat in meditation for the length of seven years when he suddenly fell asleep. Upon waking, he was so upset with his human weakness, with his inability to stay awake, that he cut off his eyelids and cast them to the earth. There, the eyelids took root and grew into the first tea tree. Considering the fact that tea was cultivated from an early age as a means of increasing its drinker's energy, it's interesting that its origin myth should have to do with staying awake.
In another tale, this one from ancient China, an emperor sat in his garden, contemplating the foliage and waiting for his water to boil. At the time, due to an outbreak of a certain water-born illness, the whole region boiled their water before consuming it. As he sat, a few dried leaves that had fallen from a nearby tree got swept up in a breeze and landed in his water, immediately discoloring it and producing a favorable aroma. The emperor drank the mixture, and tea as we know it was founded.
Whatever the actual origins of the drink, its propagation from China and India out through the tentacle reach of the British Empire made tea a worldwide phenomenon by the 19th century, and its popularity has grown like a sprout from an eyelid ever since.
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(CNN) -- David Sweat and Richard Matt didn't just pull off a grandiose prison escape, they actually did it twice.
And through it all, Sweat was the mastermind -- or at least that's what he's telling investigators, a local district attorney said.
From his hospital bed in Albany, Sweat is revealing more details about the New York prison break that seems to baffle almost everyone -- except himself.
An escape before the escape
Sweat said the plot to break out of Clinton Correctional Facility actually started in January, Clinton County District Attorney Andrew Wylie told CNN.
After five months of strategizing, Sweat and Matt made a practice run.
One night before prison tailor Joyce Mitchell was supposed to meet them at a manhole, Sweat and Matt escaped from their cells, a New York state official said.
They navigated through a maze of tunnels and pipes before popping out of a manhole. But Sweat said they saw too many houses near that manhole and decided to try for another manhole the next night, Wylie told NBC News.
"To make a dry run and ... have the ability to escape, and then go back in, it is a little baffling," he said.
So why didn't the guards notice? It's not clear, but the state Inspector General's office has been looking into whether guards had fallen asleep, officials told CNN.
Just hacksaws
After rampant speculation over what power tools the pair used, Sweat told investigators he and Matt used only hacksaws to carve through their cell walls and a steam pipe inside the prison, the district attorney told CNN.
Mitchell, the prison tailor, has admitted to smuggling hacksaw blades by hiding them in frozen hamburger meat and then having the meat delivered to Matt, a law enforcement official said last week.
She has been arrested and charged with promoting prison contraband and criminal facilitation.
Another employee, Gene Palmer, is accused of taking the meat to the inmates. He's charged with promoting dangerous prison contraband, two counts of destroying evidence and one count of official misconduct.
Dozen prison employees put on leave
But the probe extends far beyond Mitchell and Palmer -- and well beyond the escape.
Three members of the prison's executive team, along with nine security staff employees, have been placed on paid administrative leave as part of the review of the escape, said the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision.
Superintendent Steven Racette and Deputy Superintendent Stephen Brown are among the executives on leave, a state official told CNN on Tuesday. The other is First Deputy Superintendent Donald Quinn, according to a source familiar with the investigation.
And the FBI is investigating possible broader corruption at the prison, law enforcement officials briefed on the case said. Agents are looking into whether drug trafficking or other criminal behavior among employees and inmates took place, officials said.
Some employees who have been questioned told investigators that there was heroin use among prisoners and an alleged drug trade involving employees.
How the plan derailed
According to Sweat, officials said, this is how the plan was supposed to play out:
Sweat and Matt would come out of a manhole and meet Mitchell, who would drive them away. The convicted murderers would then kill Mitchell's husband Lyle before fleeing to Mexico.
But Mitchell never showed up, forcing the fugitives to improvise on the run for more than three weeks. The two split up along the way, apparently because Sweat thought his older, less athletic partner was slowing him down, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo said.
Police caught up with and killed Matt last Friday. Two days later, an officer shot and wounded Sweat less than 2 miles from the Canadian border.
Sweat's condition was listed as fair Tuesday night at Albany Medical Center.
Matt's family will not be claiming his body, so authorities in Franklin County, New York, will handle the burial, said Megan Avery at the Alice Hyde Medical Center in Malone. The body was at the medical center's morgue, and authorities could claim it as soon as Wednesday, Avery said.
Mitchell's husband 'still in love with her'
Never mind that Sweat, Matt and Mitchell allegedly planned to have Mitchell's husband killed before they drove off to Mexico. Mitchell's husband Lyle still loves his wife.
After all, Joyce Mitchell bailed on the plan to serve as the escapees' getaway driver, Lyle Mitchell's attorney told CNN.
"In a way, he's looking at it like Joyce saved his life that night by not picking them up," attorney Peter Dumas said.
"He's still in love with her, to put it bluntly. And I think he plans on waiting for her."
CNN's Ashley Fantz, Shimon Prokupecz, Danelle Garcia, Deborah Feyerick, Evan Perez, Don Lemon, Anderson Cooper, Carolyn Sung, Jean Casarez and Alexandra Field contributed to this report.
™ & © 2015 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.


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For discussion of Electric Universe and Plasma Cosmology. The ideas and opinions expressed on this forum do not necessarily reflect those of T-Bolts Group Inc or The Thunderbolts Project(TM)
GreyCloud wrote:I wasn't trying to suggest that Pan is the highest level of mind, just that the relationship to Hermes would provide a connection.
I am surprised that you view it as connected with soul. Surely, soul is represented as female and Water rather than male and Earth(y)?
http://www.archive.org/details/eleusinianbacch00tayluoftI shall present the reader, therefore, with the following interesting division of fables, from the elegant book of the Platonic philosopher Sallust, on the gods and the universe.
" Of fables," says he, " some are theological, others physical, others animastic (or relating to soul), others material, and lastly, others mixed from these.
Fables are theological which relate to nothing corporeal, but contemplate the very essences of the gods ; such as the fable which asserts that Saturn devoured his children : for it insinuates nothing more than the nature of an intellectual (or intuitional) god ; since every such intellect returns into itself. We regard fables physically when we speak concerning the operations of the gods about the world ; as when considering Saturn the same as Time, and calling the parts of time the children of the universe, we assert that the children are devoured by their parent. But we utter fables in a spiritual mode, when we contemplate the operations of the soul ; because the intellections of our souls, though by a discursive energy they go forth into other things, yet abide in their parents. Lastly, fables are material, such as the Egyptians ignorantly employ, consider ing and calling corporeal natures divinities : such as Isis, earth, Osiris, humidity, Typhon, heat or, again, denominating Saturn water, Adonis, fruits, and Bacchus, wine. And, in deed, to assert that these are dedicated to the gods, in the same manner as herbs, stones, and animals, is the part of wise men ; but to call them gods is alone the province of fools and madmen ; unless we speak in the same manner as when, from established custom, we call the orb of the sun and its rays the sun itself.
But we may perceive the mixed kind of fables, as well in many other particulars, as when they relate that Discord, at a banquet of the gods, threw a golden apple, and that a dispute about it arising among the goddesses, they were sent by Jupiter to take the judgment of Paris, who, charmed with the beauty of Venus, gave her the apple in preference to the rest. For in this fable the banquet denotes the super-mundane powers of the gods ; and on this account they subsist in conjunction with each other : but the golden apple denotes the world, which, on account of its composition from contrary natures, is not improperly said to be thrown by Discord, or strife. But again, since different gifts are imparted to the world by different gods, they appear to contest with each other for the apple. And a soul living according to sense (for this is Paris), not perceiving other powers in the universe, asserts that the apple is alone the beauty of Venus.
But of these species of fables, such as are theological belong to philosophers ; the physical and spiritual to poets ; but the mixed to the first of the initiatory rites ; since the intention of all mystic ceremonies is to conjoin us with the world and the gods"
THE Dionysiacal sacred rites instituted by Orpheus,* depended on the following arcane narration, part of which has been already related in the preceding section, and the rest may be found in a variety of authors. " Dionysus, or Bacchus [Zagreus], while he was yet a boy, was engaged by the Titans, through the stratagems of Juno, in a variety of sports, with which that period of life is so vehemently allured ; and among the rest, he was particularly captivated with beholding his image in a mirror ; during his admiration of which, he was miserably torn in pieces by the Titans; who, not content with this cruelty, first boiled his members in water, and afterwards roasted them by the fire. But while they were tasting his flesh thus dressed, Jupiter, roused by the odor, and perceiving the cruelty of the deed, hurled his thunder at the Titans ; but committed the members of Bacchus to Apollo, his brother, that they might be properly interred. And this being performed, Dionysus (whose heart during his laceration was snatched away by Pallas and preserved), by a new regeneration again emerged, and being restored to his pristine life and integrity, lie afterwards filled up the number of the gods. But in the mean time, from the exhalations arising from the ashes of the burning bodies of the Titans, mankind were produced.
Now, in order to understand properly the secret of this narration, it is necessary to repeat the observation already made in the preceding chapter, that all fables belonging to mystic ceremonies are of the mixed kind": and consequently the present fable, as well as that of Proserpina, must in one part have reference to the gods, and in the other to the human soul, as the following exposition will abundantly evince :
In the first place, then, by Dionysus, or Bacchus, according to the highest conception of this deity, we understand the spiritual part of the mundane soul; for there are various processions or avatars of this god, or Bacchuses, derived from his essence. But by the Titans we must understand the mundane gods, of whom Bacchus is the highest ; by Jupiter, the Demiurgus,* or artificer of the universe; by Apollo, the deity of the Sun, who has both a mundane and supermundane establishment, and by whom the universe is bound in symmetry and consent, through splendid reasons and harmonizing power ; and, lastly, by Minerva we must understand that original, intellectual, ruling, and providential deity, who guards and preserves all middle lives * in an immutable condition, through intelligence and a selfsupporting life, and by this means sustains them from the depredations and inroads of matter.
Again, by the infancy of Bacchus at the period of his laceration, the condition of the intellectual nature is implied; since, according to the Orphic theology, souls, under the government of Saturn, or Kronos, who is pure intellect or spirituality, instead of proceeding, as now, from youth to age, advance in a retrograde progression from age to youth, of The arts employed by the Titans, in order to ensnare Dionysus, are symbolical of those apparent and divisible operations of the mundane gods, through which the participated intellect of Bacchus becomes, as it were, torn in pieces ; and by the mirror we must understand, in the language of Proclus, the inaptitude of the universe to receive the plenitude of intellectual or spiritual perfection ; but the symbolical meaning of his laceration, through the stratagems of Juno, and the consequent punishment of the Titans, is thus beautifully unfolded by Olympiodorus, in his manuscript Commentary on the Phcedo of Plato : " The form," says he, " of that which is universal is plucked off, torn in pieces, and scattered into generation; and Dionysus is the monad of the Titans. But his laceration is said to take place through the stratagems of Juno,because this goddess is the supervising guardian of motion and progression ; * and on this account, in the Iliad, she perpetually rouses and excites Jupiter to providential action about secondary concerns ; and, in another respect, Dionysus is the ephorus or supervising guardian of generation, because he presides over life and death ; for he is the guardian or ephorus of life because of generation, and also of death because wine produces an enthusiastic condition. We become more enthusiastic at the period of dying, as Proclus indicates in the example of Homer who became prophetic at the time of his death, They likewise assert, that tragedy and comedy are assigned to Dionysus : comedy being the play or ludicrous representation of life; and tragedy having relation to the passions and death. The comic writers, therefore, do not rightly call in question the tragedians as not rightly representing Bacchus, saying that such things did not happen to Bacchus. But Jupiter is said to have hurled his thunder at the Titans ; the thunder signifying a conversion or changing : for fire naturally ascends ; and hence Jupiter, by this means, converts the Titans to his own essence."
But by the members of Dionysus being first boiled in water by the Titans, and afterward roasted by the fire, the outgoing or distribution of intellect into matter, and its subsequent returning from thence, is evidently implied : for water was considered by the Egyptians, as we have already observed, as the symbol of matter ; and fire is the natural symbol of ascending. The heart of Dionysus too, is, with the greatest propriety, said to be preserved by Minerva; for this goddess is the guardian of life, of which the heart is a symbol. So that this part of the fable plainly signifies, that while intellectual or spiritual life is distributed into the universe, its principle is preserved entire by the guardian power and providence of the Divine intelligence. And as Apollo is the source of all union and harmony, and as he is called by Proclus, "the key-keeper of the fountain of life," * the reason is obvious why the members of Dionysus, which were buried by this deity, again emerged by a new generation, and were restored to their pristine integrity and life. But let it here be carefully observed, that renovation, when applied to the gods, is to be considered as secretly implying the rising of their proper light, and its consequent appearance to subordinate natures. And that punishment, when considered as taking place about beings of a nature superior to mankind, signifies nothing more than a secondary providence over such beings which is of a punishing character, and which subsists about souls that deteriorate.
Hence, then, from what has been said, we may easily collect the ultimate design of the first part of this mystic fable ; for it appears to be no other than to represent the manner in which the form of the mundane intellect is divided through the universe ; that such an intellect (and every one which is total) remains entire during its division into parts, and that the divided parts themselves are continually turned again to their source, with which they become finally united. So that illumination from the higher reason, while it proceeds into the dark and rebounding receptacle of matter, and invests its obscurity with the supervening ornaments of divine light, returns at the same time without interruption to the source or principle of its descent.
Let us now consider the latter part of the fable, in which it is said that our souls were formed from the vapors emanating from the ashes of the burning bodies of the Titans; at the same time connecting it with the former part of the fable, which is also applicable in a certain degree to the condition of a partial intellect* like ours. In the first place, then, we are made up from fragments (says Olympiodoms), because, through falling into generation, our life has proceeded into the most distant and extreme division ; and from Titanic fragments, because the Titans are the ultimate artificers of things,* and stand immediately next to whatever is constituted from them. But further, our irrational life is Titanic, by which the rational and higher life is torn in pieces. Hence, when we disperse the Dionysus, or intuitive intellect contained in the secret recesses of our nature, breaking in pieces the kindred and divine form of our essence, and which communicates, as it were, both with things subordinate and supreme, then we become Titans (or apostates) ; but when we establish ourselves in union with this Dionysiacal or kindred form, then we become Bacchuses, or perfect guardians and keepers of our irrational life : for Dionysus, whom in this respect we resemble, is himself an ephorus or guardian deity, dissolving at his pleasure the bonds by which the soul is united to the body, since he is the cause of a parted life.
But it is necessary that the passive or feminine nature of our irrational part, through which we are bound in body, and which is nothing more than the resounding echo, as it were, of soul, should suffer the punishment incurred by descent ; for when the soul casts aside the [divine] peculiarity of her nature, she requires her own, but at the same time a multiform body, that she may again become in need of a common form, which she has lost through Titanic dispersion into matter.
But in order to see the perfect resemblance between the manner in which our souls descend and the dividing of the intuitive intellect by mundane natures, let the reader attend to the following admirable citation from the manuscript Commentary of Olympiodorus on the Phcedo .of Plato :
"It is necessary, first of all, for the soul to place a likeness of herself in the body. This is to ensoul the body. Secondly, it is necessary for her to sympathize with the image, as being of like idea. For every external form or substance is wrought into an identity with its interior substance, through an ingenerated tendency thereto. In the third place, being situated in a divided nature, it is necessary that she should be torn in pieces, and fall into a last separation, till, through the action of a life of purification, she shall raise herself from the dispersion, loose the bond of sympathy, and act as of herself without the external image, having become established according to the first-created life. The like things are fabled in the example. For Dionysus or Bacchus because his image was formed in a mirror, pursued it, and thus became distributed into everything. But Apollo collected him and brought him up; being a deity of purification, and the true savior of Dionysus ; and on this account he is styled in the sacred hymns, Dionusites."
Hence, as the same author beautifully observes, the soul revolves according to a mystic and mundane revolution : for flying from an in divisible and Dionysiacal life, and operating according to a Titanic and revolting energy, she becomes bound in the body as in a prison. Hence, too, she abides in punishment and takes care of her partial and secondary concerns; and being purified from Titanic defilements, and collected into one, she becomes a Bacchus ; that is, she passes into the proper integrity of her nature according to the divine principle ruling on high. From all which it evidently follows, that he who lives Dionysiacally rests from labors and is freed from his bonds ; * that he leaves his prison, or rather his apostatizing life ; and that he who does this is a philosopher purifying himself from the contaminations of his earthly life. But farther from this account of Dionysus, we may perceive the truth of Plato's observation, " that the design of the Mysteries is to lead us back to the perfection from which, as our beginning, we first made our descent." For in this perfection Dionysus himself subsists, establishing perfect souls in the throne of his father ; that is, in the integrity of a life according to Jupiter. So that he who is perfect necessarily resides with the gods, according to the design of those deities, who are the sources of consummate perfection to the soul. And lastly, the Thyrsus itself, which was used in the Bacchic procession, as it was a reed full of knots, is an apt symbol of the diffusion of the higher nature into the sensible world. And agreeable to this, Olympiodorus on the Phcedo observes, " that the Thyrsus * is a symbol of a forming anew of the material and parted substance from its scattered condition ; and that on this account it is a Titanic plant. This it was customary to extend before Bacchus instead of his paternal scepter; and through this they called him down into our partial nature. Indeed, the Titans are Thyrsus-bearers ; and Prometheus concealed fire in a Thyrsus or reed ; after which he is considered as bringing celestial light into generation, or leading the soul into the body, or calling forth the divine illumination, the whole being ungenerated, into generated existence. Hence Socrates calls the multitude Thyrsus-bearers Orphically, as living according to a Titanic life."
Grey Cloud wrote:Hi bdw000,
Plasmatic put me on to Atwill last year but I wasn't overly impressed. To me it is history for people who don't read history. I lurked about his forum for a while but wasn't too impressed with the intellectual calibre of the members.
Here you are judging me by your standards. I often read books which I disagree with, precisely because I do disagree with them. I could just as easily suggest that you like the book because it supports your prejudices.This is just someone you do not know, making a suggestion. I know that is not really worth anything at all in this world.
bdw000 wrote:Anyone who wants to see that "greater story" in more detail, with all the symbolism mapped out to known physical entities, I suggest trying to get ahold of the book CAESAR'S MESSIAH by Joseph Atwill:
GreyCloud wrote:I see Pan and the rest of Dionysus' entourage as representing the natural world which 'follows' Dionysus' lead. Zeus I see as Universal Mind (Air). (This applies to Mague's comment also) The sexual energy of Pan and the rest is creative energy -the energy which creates the spark
of life. It is in this sense related to the Tantra/Kundalini thing.
I would have to do some more digging but off the top of my head, I would say that Silenus may represent original knowledge or universal truth or objective truth. Knowledge that is not dependent on the state of the knower (he knows, drunk or sober). The Narcissus story is
similar to that of Dionysus and the mirror given to him by the Titans. Both are bamboozled by the image of things. Depending on which version of the Echo tale one uses, I would suggest that Echo is something to do with emanations of the divine or a similar concept. The echo becomes fainter though it retains its integrity.
Having premised thus much, I now proceed to prove that the dramatic spectacles of the Lesser Mysteries were designed by the ancient theologists, their founders, to signify occultly the condition of the unpurified soul invested with an earthly body, and enveloped in a material and physical nature ; or, in other words, to signify that such a soul in the present life might be said to die, as far as it is possible for a soul to die, and that on the dissolution of the present body, while
in this state of impurity, it would experience a death still more permanent and profound.
But that the mysteries occultly signified this sublime truth, that the soul by being merged in matter resides among the dead both here and hereafter, though it follows by a necessary sequence from the preceding observations, yet it is indisputably confirmed, by the testimony of the great and truly divine Plotinus, in Ennead I., book viii. When the soul," says he, "has descended into generation (from its first divine condition) she partakes of evil, and is carried a great way into a state the opposite of her first purity and integrity, to be entirely merged in which, is nothing more than to fall into dark mire." And again, soon after : " The soul therefore dies as much as it is possible for the soul to die : and the death to her is, while baptized or immersed in the present
The reader may observe that the obscure doctrine of the Mysteries mentioned by Plato in the Phcedo, that the unpurified soul in a future state lies immerged in mire, is beautifully explained; at the same time that our assertion concerning their secret meaning is not less substantially confirmed.* ^In a similar manner the same divine philosopher, in his book on the Beautiful, Ennead, L, book vi., explains the fable of Narcissus as an emblem of one who rushes to the contemplation of sensible (phenomenal) forms as if they were perfect realities, when at the same time they are nothing more than like beautiful images appearing in water, fallacious and vain. " Hence," says he, " as Narcissus, by catching at the shadow, plunged himself in the stream and disappeared, so he who is captivated by beautiful bodies, and does not depart from their embrace, is precipitated, not with his body, but with
* Phceclo, 38. " Those who instituted the Mysteries for us appear to have intimated that whoever shall arrive in Hades unpurified and not initiated shall lie in mud ; but he who arrives there purified and initiated shall dwell with the gods. For there are many bearers of the wand or thyrsus, but few who are inspired." soul, into a darkness profound and repugnant to intellect (the higher soul),* through which, remaining blind both here and in Hades, he associates with shadows."
Olympiodorus, then, a most learned and excellent commentator on Plato, in his commentary of that part of the Phcedo where Plato speaks of the prohibition of suicide in the aporrheta, observes as follows : " The argument which Plato employs in this place against suicide is derived from the Orphic mythology, in which four kingdoms are celebrated ; the first of Uranus [Ouranos](Heaven), whom Kronos or Saturn as saulted, cutting off the genitals of his father.* But after Saturn, Zeus or Jupiter succeeded to the government of the world, having hurled his father into Tartarus. And after Jupiter, Dionysus or Bacchus rose to light, who, according to report, was, through the insidious treachery of Hera or Juno, torn in pieces by the Titans, by whom he was surrounded, and who afterwards tasted his flesh : but Jupiter, enraged at the deed, hurled his thunder at the guilty offenders and consumed them to ashes. Hence a certain matter being formed from the ashes or sooty vapor of the smoke ascending from their burning bodies, out of this mankind were produced.
It is unlawful, therefore, to destroy ourselves, not as the words of Plato seem to import, because we are in the body, as in prison, secured by a guard (for this is evident, and Plato would not have called such an assertion arcane), but because our body is Dioiiysiacal,* or of the nature of Bacchus: for we are a part of him, since we are composed from the ashes, or sooty vapor of the Titans who tasted his flesh. Socrates, therefore, as if fearful of disclosing the arcane part of this narration, relates nothing more of the fable than that we are placed as in a prison secured by a guard : but the interpreters relate the fable openly."
That these four governments signify the different gradations of virtues, according to which our soul contains the symbols of all the qualities, both contemplative and purifying, social and ethical; for it either operates according to the theoretic or contemplative virtues, the model of which is the government of Uranus or Heaven, that we may begin from on high; and on this account Uranus (Heaven) is so called -----, from beholding the things above : Or it lives purely, the exemplar of which is the Kronian or Saturnian kingdom ; and on this account Kronos is named as Koro-nous, one who perceives through him self. Hence he is said to devour his own offspring, signifying the conversion of him self into his own substance : or it operates according to the social virtues, the symbol of which is the government of Jupiter. Hence, Jupiter is styled the Demiurgus, as operating about secondary things: or it operates according to both the ethical and physical virtues, the symbol of which is the kingdom of Bacchus; and on this account is fabled to be torn in pieces by the Titans, because the virtues are not cut off by each other.
And thus far Olympiodorus ; in which passages it is necessary to observe, that as the Titans are the artificers of things, and stand next in order to their creations, men are said to be composed from their fragments, because the human soul has a partial life capable of proceeding to the most extreme division united with its proper nature. And while the soul is in a state of servitude to the body, she lives confined, as it were, in bonds, through the dominion of this Titanical life. "We may observe farther concerning these dramatic shows of the Lesser Mysteries, that as they were intended to represent the condition of the soul while subservient to the body, we shall find that a liberation from this servitude, through the purifying disciplines, potencies that separate from evil, was what the wisdom of the ancients intended to signify by the descent of Hercules, Ulysses, etc., into Hades, and their speedy return from its dark abodes.
But let us now proceed to the doctrine of the Greater Mysteries : and here I shall endeavor to prove that as the dramatic shows of the Lesser Mysteries occultly signified the miseries of the soul while in subjection to body, so those of the Greater obscurely intimated, by mystic and splendid visions, the felicity of the soul both here and hereafter, when purified from the defilements of a material nature, and constantly elevated to the realities of intellectual [spiritual] vision. Hence, as the ultimate design of the Mysteries, according to Plato, was to lead us back to the principles from which we descended, that is, to a perfect enjoyment of intellectual [spiritual] good, the imparting of these principles was doubtless one part of the doctrine
In the first place, then, that the shows of the Greater Mysteries occultly signified the felicity of the soul both here and hereafter, when separated from the contact and influence of the body, is evident from what has been demonstrated in the former part of this discourse : for if he who in the present life is in subjection to his irrational part is truly in Hades, he who is superior to its dominion is likewise an Inhabitant of a place totally different from Hades.
For the sources of the souls existence are also the principles from which it fell; and these, as we may learn from the Timmaeus of Plato, are the Demiurgus, the mundane soul, and the junior or mundane gods. Now, of these, the mundane intellect, which, according to the ancient theology, is represented by Bacchus, is principally celebrated by the poet, and this because the soul is particularly distributed into generation, after the manner of Dionysus or Bacchus, as is evident from the preceding extracts from Olympiodorus : and is still more abundantly confirmed by the following curious passage from the same author, in his comment on the Phcedo of Plato. " The soul," says he, " descends Corically [or after the manner of Proserpine] into generation,* but is distributed into generation Dionysiacally, and she is bound in body Prometheiacally and Titanically : she frees herself therefore from its bonds by exercising the strength of Hercules; but she is collected into one through the assistance of Apollo and the savior Minerva, by philosophical discipline of mind and heart purifying the nature."
Nor is it without reason that lacchus, or Bacchus, is celebrated by Orpheus as the companion of her search : for Bacchus is the evident symbol of the imperfect energies of intellect, and its scattering into the obscure and lamentable dominions of sense.
the thunder signifying a conversion or changing:
I disagree with this part in that I think my interpretation is more accurate. I'm not convinced about the Egyptians considering Water as matter but according to the Greek view, as I understand it, Water is not matter. Matter comes from Water; Fire decides/dictates what form the matter takes. Womb/Sperm; Dao/One. What then does Earth represent in Taylor's scheme?But by the members of Dionysus being first boiled in water by the Titans, and afterward roasted by the fire, the outgoing or distribution of intellect into matter, and its subsequent returning from thence, is evidently implied : for water was considered by the Egyptians, as we have already observed, as the symbol of matter ; and fire is the natural symbol of ascending.
Heart = essence, spark, kernel, seed. Mind sees the essence of things. Senses/brain gets you Titanic/Earthly/material images of things (reflections, dolls, toy animals etc). There are some interesting parallels between Athene//Minerva and Dionysus. Athene is a maiden dressed as a warrior; Dionysus is male but was brought up as a female (and is sometimesThe heart of Dionysus too, is, with the greatest propriety, said to be preserved by Minerva; for this goddess is the guardian of life, of which the heart is a symbol.
They likewise assert, that tragedy and comedy are assigned to Dionysus : comedy being the play or ludicrous representation of life; and tragedy having relation to the passions and death.
Attwill is not a scholar. He can't even read any of the languages involved here.
The book is not particularly well written and it is certainly poorly presented.
Christianity-bashing book written for an American audience.
he reads everything literally and selectively.
He is . . . fast and loose with his 'facts'
I have read history for over 40 years
I can't speak for the rest of Europe but I can say that these sort of books generally don't do much in Britain because few people are bothered one way or the other about Christianity.
Attwill's book is just another Christianity-bashing book written for an American audience. like the Christians he is attempting to bash, he reads everything literally and selectively. He is as fast and loose with his 'facts' as they are and appears as ignorant of anything outside modern America as they.
Plasmatic wrote:BDW,GC is simply expressing his usual habits.Attwill's book is just another Christianity-bashing book written for an American audience. like the Christians he is attempting to bash, he reads everything literally and selectively. He is as fast and loose with his 'facts' as they are and appears as ignorant of anything outside modern America as they.
This is actually hilarious to me. The ENTIRE thesis is based on the opposite of this assertion. A multi-textual typological comparative analysis! The other thing that is quite ironic is the fact that Joe grew up in Japan......
Amazing sophistry!
So you don't see a book which states that the entire Jesus / New Testament thing is nothing more than a Roman satire, as Christian-bashing?
WTF is a 'multi-textual typological comparative analysis'?
Why is the fact that JA grew up in Japan that JA grew up in Japan ironic? Is he not a US citizen and was he not educated by Jesuits?
WTF is a 'multi-textual typological comparative analysis'?
Are you suggesting that Attwill is the only person to have employed aYou might have a clue if you actually read what you are dismissing. particularly funny is how to see the comparisons one must "regard not the business of names" [Josephus]
Why is the fact that JA grew up in Japan that JA grew up in Japan ironic? Is he not a US citizen and was he not educated by Jesuits?
Apart from the fact that you didn't address the irony part of my question, my point was that Attwill was born of American parents andIts funny I met a new U.S citizen the other day ,lived in another country over 25 yrs. Been here in the states like 4 yrs....
The second apparently just mentions a Jesus who had a brother called James the Just. It doesn't seem must to build a book around.3.3 Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man; for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew over to him both many of the Jews and many of the Gentiles. He was [the] Christ. And when Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men amongst us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him; for he appeared to them alive again the third day; as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him. And the tribe of Christians, so named from him, are not extinct at this day.
The second sentence is quite untrue. The 'mythological' aspect of the Jesus/Christ story has often been considered, especially over the last couple of hundred years. Atwill doesn't say what he means by mythological'. The third sentence follows on from the untrue second sentence.There were many gods who are now seen as fictitious that were worshipped during the era when Jesus purportedly performed his miracles. But while Jesus' feats were no less supernatural than those of Hercules, the possibility that he was also mythological has seldom
been considered. One reason for this is that a first century historian, Flavius Josephus, recorded Jesus' existence.
Atwill may well be correct about the social context of the NT but the import of the book lies in its religious significance; it isn't a social history of the Middle East. Dating of events does not relyJosephus' histories are of great significance to Christianity. Virtually all that we know regarding the social context of the New Testament (NT) is derived from them. Without these works the very dating of the events of the NT would be impossible.
Building a wall around a beseiged town is standard military practice; it is called circumvallation. Levelling the town was also a commonP4:
One example of the 'foreknowledge' that so impressed Eusebius was Jesus' prediction that the 'foes' of Jerusalem would encircle it with a wall, demolish the city and its temple, and 'level' its inhabitants.
While it has been universally believed that Jesus was referring to himself when he used the expression the 'Son of Man,' he always speaks of this individual in the third person and never
as himself. Jesus repeatedly warned the Jews that during the 'Son of Man's' visitation various disasters, like those he foresaw above, would occur.
What has that got to do with anything in period of Jesus and the Flavians? The same comment holds forthe rest of the padding which takes the reader up to today.p6:
What evidence was left, however, suggests that during the entire Middle-Ages Christians viewed Josephus' depiction of the war between the Romans and the Jews as proof of Christ's divinity.
Even in Judea in this period (or any period) were not seminal to Western civilisation. Western Europe had its own civilisation before the Romans got here and Greece is generally regarded as the seminal region. Seminal comes from semen and seed so any later influence of the Christian church on W. Europe is not seminal.p7:
Before the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, the major literature describing first-hand the events of first century Judea were the NT and the works of Josephus. For two millennia only these two works illuminated an era so seminal to Western Civilization.
And more, surely, given that Judea was now a part of the Roman Empire?Rome's occupation of Judea spanned the entire first century.
Given the number of times the NT was edited over the next few centuries it is not too surprising.p8:
It is notable, however, that the NT also had a point of view positive to the Romans. The first century not being a time when one would expect a Judaic cult with a favorable viewpoint toward the Empire to have emerged.
The first two sentences: Atwill appears not to know Stoic philosophy.The citizenship that the works of Josephus and the NT each teach would also have been seen favorably by Rome. Each work proclaims the holiness of subservience. And each takes the position that, as it was God who had given the Romans their power and it was therefore against God's will to resist them.
How does Atwill know this? Is it in Josephus? Even if it is true, why didn't he just have them killed rather than go through all this elaborate deception of writing the NT?p9:
Titus also had another more personal reason for creating the gospels. This being the Jewish Zealots' refusal to worship him as a god. Though he was able to crush their rebellion Titus could not force the Zealots, even through torture or death, to call him 'Lord.'
This is the crux of Atwill's theory. The theory fails simply because the majority of converts to Christianity were gentiles and the Jewish religion is still alive today.p9-10:
Titus created a version of Judaism that worshipped him without its followers knowing it.
As far as I am aware, Christianity makes no such claim. I thought it claimed to been started by the Son of God. Following Atwill's logic, a similar statement could be made about Islam.p10:
Christianity, a movement that encouraged pacifism and obedience to Roman rulers, claims to have emerged from a nation engaged in a century long struggle with Rome.
That's because Christianity was predominantly religion of the gentiles.When one looks at the form of early Christianity one sees Rome, not Judea. The church's structures of authority, its sacraments, its college of bishops, the title of the head of the religion – the Supreme Pontiff, were all based upon Roman, not Judaic, traditions.
This is an easy belief to hold when you are writing from the property of one of Vespansian's relatives and eating his food. The result of disbelief could be a very slow and painful death. Josephus remained ap13:
Josephus also believed that Vespasian was a divine person.
All sorts of kings and other worthies from around the world are said to have performed such acts. Nothing new or exceptional here.p15:
Not only did the Flavians create religions, they performed miracles. In the following passage from Tacitus, Vespasian is recorded as curing one man's blindness and another's withered limb, miracles also performed by Jesus.
Shock-horror revelation. Say it aint so, Joe.p16:
Imperial cults that portrayed Roman emperors as gods and workers of miracles appear to have been created solely because they were politically useful.
That's evidence is it? Son of God and 'one the son of a god and the other a brother of a god'.p16:
Pliny commented upon the cynicism that the Flavians held toward the religions that they had created. Notice in the following quote Pliny's understanding that Titus had made himself a 'son of a god.' "Titus deified Vespasian and Domitian Titus, but only so that one would
be the son of a god and the other a brother of a god".
Gross over-simplification. Apart from anything else, fortune (Fortuna) and fate are considered the same thing in Roman thinking. I would also suggest that the 'immutable destiny' is Stoic rather the cult of Fortuna.p17:
Sophisticated Romans like those Juvenal wrote about did not believe in the gods but rather in fortune and fate. The prevailing ethos of the upper class was that the world was either ruled by blind chance or immutable destiny.
Juvenal was a satirist not a sociologist.Judging from the works of Juvenal, many Romans saw all religious belief as ridiculous, including their own.
Leaving aside Atwill's speculation, Cicero was a Platonist philosopher (among his many other talents). My point being that this notion was notp21:
In the following quote, which could well have been studied by the young Titus Flavius during his education at the imperial court, Cicero not only prefigures much of Christian theology but also actually advocates for the State to 'persuade' the masses into adapting the theology most appropriate for the empire.
This is another common ancient notion not peculiar to the Romans.The Romans developed a specific technique for inducing the gods of their enemy to defect to Rome.
How does this constitute the founding of a religion?p21-22:
One Roman imperial family was involved in the creation of a religion that appears to have been based upon Christianity. Julia Domna, the wife of the Emperor Septimius Severus, was recorded as having commissioned the sophist, Flavius Philostratus, to write the Life of
Apollonius of Tyana around 205 AD.
Apollonius was a Neopythagorean. He followed the teachings ofp22:
The similarities between Philostratus' 'gospels' and the NT seem to demonstrate that Apollonius was modeled upon Jesus. Apollonius' birth was, like Jesus,' proceeded by an Annunciation, his coming being announced to his mother by an Archangel. The messengers of Apollo sang at his birth, as the angels did at the birth of Jesus. Apollonius displayed precocity in religious matters, went through a period of preparation; followed by a period of public good works and miracles, then a passion and a resurrection; and finally an ascension. Apollonius
was even said to have been born in the year of the Census of Quirinus, the year the NT gives for the birth of Jesus.
As I've just stated, Apollonius was a follower of Pythagoras, he didn't get his theology in India, he already had it before he went there (yes,Apollonius was said to have developed his theology in India, not Judea, and was therefore not monotheistic. He was tolerant of the numerous Roman gods, as his very name 'Apollonius' proclaimed.
What cult of Apollonius? From the wiki article on Apollonius:p23:
Our suspicion regarding the cult of Apollonius is that it was created as an improvement of Christianity. In other words, the cult of Apollonius was created to be a mass religion like Christianity but one that allowed the worship of Roman emperors.
Around 300, Roman authorities used the fame of Apollonius in their struggle to wipe out Christianity. Hierocles, one of the main instigators of the persecution of Christians in 303, wrote a pamphlet where he argued that Apollonius exceeded Christ as a wonder-worker and yet wasn't worshipped as a god, and that the cultured biographers of Apollonius were more trustworthy than the uneducated apostles.
This would seem to undermine Atwill's 'it's all down to the Flavians' theory and the alleged threat of the Jewish zealots. Also this is common practice as I stated above, to rule the illiterate, rule the literate. Today it is called controlling the media.p23.
In any event, the imperial family certainly did attempt to transform Judaism. As early as Julius Caesar, the Roman emperor claimed personal authority over the religion and was selecting its High Priests.
The theory of a Roman invention of Christianity does not originate with this work. Bruno Bauer, a nineteenth century German scholar, believed that Christianity was an attempt by Rome to create a mass religion that encouraged slaves to accept their station in life.
We shall show that the gospels were created to be understood on two levels.
What has my presence on the TB forum got to do with anything? Am I only allowed to think along official lines?I cannot believe that someone here at Thunderbolts would actually bring that up. So, only the experts are allowed to say anything? Now, if you or anyone else wants to point out specific examples of language-related mistakes, I'd love to hear them. Until such examples are provided, vague, general comments like that concede defeat in any argument as long as the ideas remain untouched.
The book is not particularly well written and it is certainly poorly presented.
I take the view that if someone knows his subject then he will be able to write it well. Judging from the contents page and the lay-out of the first two chapters, it is designed to break up the flow of the read and instead present litle bite-sized morsels or factoids, rather than a flowing and coherent narrative. This is also one of my criticisms of Cardona's God Star. And, yes, I this is coming from someone on Thunderbolts.You are absolutely right about that. But if you think that is an argument against the ideas presented in the book you are mistaken. Again, coming from someone at Thunderbolts ?
I will ask you the same question that I asked Plasmatic: you don't think that a book advocating Christianity as a Roman created satire isI disagree totally. There is not one tiny bit of that in the whole book. Where you got that from I have no idea. Having read the book I have to consider the possibility that anyone who makes that comment cannot be taken seriously. Do you really mean that? And don't forget
the Germans now have an edition.
Any examples? All of it - see my comments above.As far as the "selectively" part goes, any examples? Most NT scholarship has to be selective to some degree (due to the uncertainty of the subject matter). As far as the "literally" goes, how is he (or anyone else) supposed to "read" anything? Only as the "experts" say he is allowed to do? It seems to me that taking any text literally must be the first choice without compelling evidence otherwise. The point is that, in the absence of "gold standards" (there just is no certainty about "early Christianity"), opinions alone cannot be used to refute someone else's opinions and choices.
See my comments above, read the links I provided.This more than anything else I would love to see examples of. I am being serious. Nothing would make me happier than to see Atwill proven a liar, because I do not want to be led around by the nose like a fool. But with no examples, Atwill wins.
CC is not an historian - he is a nutter. If he provides food for thought then you should seriously consider changing your diet.I will repeat that Cliff Carrington is a historian. He can't "prove" anything, but he sure does provide food for thought.
You are on your own with the first sentence. Why do you wish me to convince you? As I've already said, if the subject interests you read up on it and make up your own mind. I hope the comment about the Da Vinci Code was a joke.Anyway, comments like yours only make me more convinced that Atwill probably is on to something, even if he doesn't have it quite right. Perhaps one rainy day you will have the time to show someone like me where Atwill has failed. Until then, a thousand times better than The Da Vince Code!
GreyCloud wrote:Incidentally, there was only one review of Atwill's book on amazon.co.uk which supports my assertion that this type of book has little appeal in the UK. Perhaps Stefan and/or Mague could provide a Dutch or German perspective.
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Udita Madan
The name Asafoetida comes from the Latin word "foetid" which means "smelly". Rightly so, since Asafoetida, also known as 'hing' in Hindi, has a very distinct, pungent smell. This spice is used as a digestive aid, in food as a condiment, and in pickling.
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Artes & Filhos
quarta-feira, 3 de setembro de 2014
sábado, 3 de agosto de 2013
Presente ( Gift )
A Marta teve um aniversário, de um colega da turma do 4º ano. Tenho sempre alguma dificuldade com os presentes para os rapazes, especialmente quando quero ser eu a fazê-los. Tinha a t-shirt e um jogo do galo já começado e por isso resolvi fazer este conjunto...estou contente com o resultado e já pensei na versão para rapariga!
Marta had a birthday party of a boy from her classroom. I have some difficulty with gifts for boys, especially when I want to made them myself. I had the white t-shirt and have a tic-tac-toe already started so I made the the match t-shirt...I'm Happy how it turned out and already thought about a girl version!
Publicada por Unknown à(s) 21:54 Sem comentários:
sexta-feira, 2 de agosto de 2013
quinta-feira, 14 de fevereiro de 2013
Initial Heart Swap
This was my first swap of the year! Tank you Cheryll for host this lovely swap!
This is what I received from Florence! I just loved so much what she made for me. Thank you!
She send me some chocolate too but I already eat them...;)
And is what I send to Judith plus some chocolate and some fabric!. She received it today and she already told me she liked everything.
Publicada por Unknown à(s) 17:37 2 comentários:
sábado, 2 de fevereiro de 2013
Last night couldn't be worst...
My oldest son start with fever last night and while we were watching him the youngest one fall and bumped his had in a closet, he opened his had and we had to take him to the urgency, they put some glue in the cut.
We get back home at midnight and I wasn't in the mood to sew or knit anymore...so I did nothing last night.
We get back home at midnight and I wasn't in the mood to sew or knit anymore...so I did nothing last night.
My FNWF result!
Publicada por Unknown à(s) 18:54 1 comentário:
segunda-feira, 28 de janeiro de 2013
Subscrever: Mensagens (Atom)


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Features & Benefits
Our core understanding of the principles of tissue engineering has led to the development of products that are highly differentiated. Our products provide unique and compelling benefits to physicians, hospital facilities, and patients alike. The table below provides a summary of these features and benefits.
|Broad clinical application
|Our fetal/neonatal bovine acellular dermal matrix technology has been used worldwide in hernia repair and plastic and reconstructive surgery.
|Non-Inflammatory – Non-Irritant
|SurgiMend is made of Type I and Type III collagen; and is without preservatives, denatured proteins, artificial chemical crosslinks, cells, lipids, carbohydrates and other constituents, all of which can induce inflammation.
|Abundant levels of Type III collagen
|SurgiMend's source tissue is fetal/neonatal bovine dermis, which contains three times more Type III collagen than other acellular dermal matrices (such as those derived from cadaveric adult human or other adult animal tissues).
|Highly porous
|Upon implantation, the highly porous matrix soaks with blood, acting as a sponge to trap cells and growth factors (including VEGF) to seed the matrix. The matrix is rapidly revascularized.
|Bovine source material
|The biological make-up of bovine dermis, including its inherent collagen fiber architecture, leaves SurgiMend unmatched in available thicknesses and mechanical strength.
|Variety of thicknesses, including: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm.
(Range: 0.2 – 4.3 mm.)
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Strength: Strongest biologic matrix available. Thicker products are stronger products and are the best choice to strengthen and reinforce the repairs required in the most challenging cases.
|Variety of sizes up to 25 cm x 40 cm.
|Reduces the need to quilt smaller pieces, avoiding vulnerable suture lines and leading to savings in operating room time and cost.
|Rapid rehydration (60-120 seconds).
|More efficiency/flexibility during surgical procedures.
|Flexible & strong natural tissue properties.
|Excellent handling and suturing.
|Derived from only well-defined and characterized source tissue with respect to age, mechanical strength, structure, and composition.
|Young, healthy tissue of consistent thickness, predictable handling and application.
|Terminally sterilized. 10-6 SAL (Sterility Assurance Level)
|Reduces risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens, transmission of disease.
|Contains no potentially antigenic antibiotics.
|No need for extensive rinsing leads to operating room time and cost savings. Device does not put patient at risk for potential allergies to antibiotics. Non-irritant.
|Contains no Polysorbate 20 (cell lysing product/preservatives).
|No need for extensive rinsing leads to operating room time and cost savings. Device does not put patient at risk for potential allergies to Polysorbate 20. Non-irritant.
|ISO 13485/cGMP quality manufacturing facility.
|Safe and highly consistent products.
|Up to 5-year room temperature storage.
|Cost savings, flexibility and convenience. No need for special refrigerated storage.
|Product is a medical device, not a Tissue Bank product.
|No need for tracking as a tissue-banked product.


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Coachella Calling
The *coolest* festival ever kicked off this weekend, as our fave celebrities and bloggers hit Indio for Coachella. Everyone from Kylie Jenner, Tanya Burr (err, did you see *that* selfie?!), FleurDeForce, Taylor Swift, Rihanna and Lauren Elizabeth attended the first weekend and their Snapchat stories and Instagram feeds are making us *so* jealous and ready for the UK's festival season!
If you're hitting up any festivals this summer then you'll need to stock up on your travel friendly festival essentials! Freshening up on-the-go is a must at festivals and our perfume body sprays are the *perfect* companion for a scent refresh. Our compact 94ml bottles are a convenient size to pop into your rucksack and each boasts over 500 sprays, meaning you'll never run out during your festival experience!
Now's the time to stock up on your festival essentials as Body Fantasies are Better than Half Price at Superdrug! Haul your favourites or discover a new 'scentsation' from the Body Fantasies collection!
Are you going to any festivals this Summer? Leave us a comment below or let us know on our Instagram, Twitter or Facebook feeds using the hashtags #bff or #bodyfantasies.
Tags: body fantasies Superdrug Women's Perfume Body Spray bff fragrance Coachella Festival Perfume, Fragrance Perfume Kylie Jenner Tanya Burr FleurDeForce Lauren Elizabeth Taylor Swift Rihanna Celebrity
Recent News
New Scentsations from Body Fantasies!
Feb 27, 2017
Happy Galentine's Day!
Feb 10, 2017
A Fresh Start
Jan 20, 2017
Feeling Festive!
Dec 14, 2016
Putting the BF in Black Friday
Nov 21, 2016
Falling for Autumn
Oct 18, 2016
Back-to-School Basics
Sep 01, 2016
Beach Bag Essentials
Aug 11, 2016
Festival Style Staples
Jul 20, 2016
Have a Scentsational Summer
Jun 15, 2016


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I believe there are two possibilities into the end of the year.
Alternate 1
Alternate 2
Historically the end of year has an upward bias. It also tends to have very low volatility, especially between Thanksgiving and Dec 31. For these reasons Alternate 1 has to be given the edge, but I don't believe it's an overwhelming edge. In other words, we could see some downside fireworks starting next week.
On the currencies, the EUR and AUD are currently in up mode on the Daily (and Hourly) Trendline/Oscillator System. The EUR is the weaker of the two. It broke below the Sep-Oct uptrend line a couple of weeks ago, but the Dynamic Oscillator has remained above 80 so it continues in bull mode. It needs close monitoring - if there is no follow through on the run up that started last Wednesday then it's likely that the Dynamic Oscillator will finally break below 80 and thus generate a sell signal.
The AUD is quite strong and has to be considered the lower risk choice for a long position.
Like the currencies, the Metals are also both in up mode on the Daily and Hourly Trend/Osc System. Gold flirted with a sell signal last week. The Dyn Osc had moved below 80 on Fri Oct 22 and prices very nearly closed below the uptrend line on Wednesday, but Thursday saw the start of a nice rally and Gold appears to be out of danger for the time being. Friday saw Gold close at HOD which is pretty bullish.
Silver saw a similar pattern over the last week but looks to be the stronger of the two.


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1. Students will serve their community by sharing the lifesaving knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), applying and removing a tourniquet, the abdominal thrust maneuver, and what to do when someone has a seizure through free courses offered in a variety of locations.
2. Students will strengthen their knowledge of the physiological basis of cardiac arrest and seizures
3. Students will understand the science behind CPR, the abdominal thrust maneuver, and tourniquets.
4. Students will study and implement methods of translating basic medical science into digestible, understandable information to increase community health literacy.
5. Students will appreciate the role of the physician as not just an individual provider of health but an educator responsible for the well-being of the community at large.
6. Students will teach CCO-CPR, the abdominal thrust maneuver, and application/removal of tourniquets to under-served communities and persons.
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Management Consultant Charles M. Intrieri Consulting
Mr. Charles (Chuck) Intrieri is a highly experienced and credentialed Supply Chain professional and is a recognized thought leader and innovator, primarily in the areas of Supply Chain Optimization, Third Party Logistics (3PL) International Purchasing/Importing, Requests for Quotation (RFQ) generation, Inventory Management and Logistics, Warehousing, strategic sourcing, supplier management, contract negotiations, truckling: TL/LTL/TMS/pooling/consolidation and reviews, and Purchasing operations. He is a motivational team builder with a history of conducting significant organizational transformation and achieving important operational successes at the local, regional and global level.
Always in the moment
Always questioning
Always there for you
Always there for your organization
There is always a better way to do anything
Chuck is credible and proactive
You can be assured of cost reduction and continuous improvement when we work together on a project. All key performance indicators will be met.
I will go beyond your expectations.
Supply Chain:
Collaboration, key performance indicators, communication, IT systems, but, people make the Supply Chain effective
LEAN initiatives:
Elimination of all waste, and bringing value and quality to the customer.
Use 5S, Kaizen/Continuous Improvement, Kanban and LEAN Six Sigma to go beyond the customers' expectations.
Third Party Logistics (3PL):
I will assist you in finding the optimum 3PL for your organization and take you through the entire selection process
Use the 3PL's expertise
Integrate to their IT Systems: WMS, TMS, YMS, EDI
Always use a Service Level Agreement with Key Performance Indicators
Negotiate all quoted pricing
Review all contracts
Always do a site visit


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Vanilla & Cinnamon Cleansing Bar
Our formulas, with 0% toxics, hydrate and balance your skin. Our secret? Potent and pure ingredients.
All of our products are:
- Made exclusively with healthy and safe ingredients.
- Cruelty free. (No animal testing.)
- Paraben free
- Vegan
Vanilla & Cinnamon Cleansing Bar has been formulated to ensure the skin is left feeling nurtured. A refined blend of botanical actives works to cleanse and nourish the skin with its natural ingredients.
The main active ingredients in this formulation are:
- Vanilla: Has great benefits for your skin- including reducing age spots, fine lines and wrinkles. Also helps to make your skin feel nourished and healthy.
-Cinnamon: Contains natural antioxidants and helps to fight acne.


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The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) has taken to court a Melbourne-based Wealth and Risk Management (WRM), as well as related companies Yes FP and Jeca (trading as Yes FS), for alleged contraventions of their FOFA obligations.
ASIC's investigation found that WRM provided conflicted advice that breached the best interests obligations contained in the Corporations Act by failing to ensure that its financial services were provided "efficiently, honestly and fairly".
The company also failed to take reasonable steps to ensure their representatives complied with financial services laws, ASIC said.
Yes FS also contravened the act by carrying on a financial services business without holding an Australian Financial Services licence (AFSL) and by engaging in "misleading and deceptive conduct."
ASIC found that all three companies engaged in unconscionable conduct in connection with the supply or possible supply of financial services.
ASIC said it would seek "injunctive relief, declarations of contraventions and financial penalties".
WRM is licensed to advise retail clients about life/risk insurance and superannuation products and it authorises advisers, employed by WRM's corporate authorised representative, Yes FP, which provides personal financial advice to retail clients.
The first hearing before the Federal Court of Australia is scheduled for 31 March.


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Taxi Owners
There are two ways to become a taxi owner.
1. Toronto Taxicab Licences (TTL) will be issued from a waiting list of drivers. New licences are subject to all applicable fees and conditions.
To be added to the waiting list:
- you must have been a full-time taxicab driver for the past three years
- you cannot have owned a taxicab in the past five years
If your position on the driver's list changes, you will be contacted by the Licence and Permit Issuing Office.
2. You can purchase an existing Standard taxi or TTL taxi. When you purchase a standard taxicab, you will be issued a standard taxicab licence. When you purchase a TTL, you will be issued a TTL. Both licences are subject to conditions.
Taxi owners who also wish to drive a taxi, must be licensed as a Vehicle-for-Hire driver.
Individuals, partnerships or corporations
Apply in person at the Licence and Permit Issuing Office at East York Civic Centre, 850 Coxwell, 3rd floor.
Taxi Owner (Standard Vehicles)
Application Fee: $0
Toronto Taxi Licence (TTL) and Taxi Owner (Accessible)
There are not fees associated with these licence types.
Partnerships and corporations must also provide the following:
- a business location/address
- a copy of provincial business name registration or signed franchise agreement
- a partnership agreement
- a copy of Articles of Incorporation (Note: If there has been a change to the list of officers and directors, please also provide a current Corporate Profile Report.)
If the president, director or officer of the corporation are unable to apply in person at the Licence and Permit Issuing Office, a designate may apply on their behalf. The designate must:
- have an original letter advising of their signing authority on the corporation letterhead
- provide two pieces of identification for themselves
- provide two pieces of identification for each officer and director of the corporation, or, if original identification is not available, notarized photocopies of the identification.
Original documents required for all applications (and renewal transactions).
Two pieces of government-issued identification (one must be photo ID)
- Canadian Passport (Photo ID)
- Driver's Licence (Photo ID)
- Canadian Birth Certificate
- Citizenship Card
- Permanent Resident Card
- SIN Card (Social Insurance Number)
- Valid Work Permit
- First and last names must match on all identification
- We do not accept Health Cards
- Identification is required for all officers/directors listed on the Articles of Incorporation, Corporate Profile or Federal Form 6
Applicants must provide an original Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check issued by a Canadian Police Service within 280 days prior to the application.
Please note:
After November 1st, 2018, under Province's Police Record Checks Reform Act, 2015, Municipal Licensing and Standards will require "Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Checks" for all applications and renewals. "Criminal Record Checks" will not be accepted.
Applicants must submit the original provincial vehicle registration, where the name and address match.
Applicants must provide proof of $2,000,000 in Public Liability and Property Damage (PL/PD) insurance insurance.
A form certificate will be provided at time of application for your insurance provider to complete.
Original completed forms that are signed and stamped by the insurer by fax can be emailed directly to email@example.com from the insurer.
A sales agreement is required for plates that have been sold.
A Standard Safety Certificate (SSC) is required after your application is completed.
An SSC is issued following an inspection by a Motor Vehicle Inspection Station (MVIS) garage operator, licensed by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation.
The SSC cannot be more than 36 days old at time of submission.
To submit your SSC:
- Email a photo or scanned copy of your SSC to email@example.com with your plate number in the subject line. You will only be contacted if there are any issues.
- Bring an original copy to the Licence and Permit Issuing Office.
You can find your submission date on on the following links:
Toronto Taxicab Licence (TTL) Taxicab Vehicle Inspections
Standard, Ambassador and Accessible (W) Taxicab Vehicle Inspections
- If a taxi is driven more than 40,000 km in the previous year, an SSC must be submitted once every six months.
- If a taxi is driven less than 40,000 km in the previous year, an SSC must be submitted once per year.
- SSC can be submitted up to 30 days before the submission date, but can't be more than 36 days old at time of submission.
- Keep a hard copy of all Safety Standards Certifications in the vehicle.
If an SSC is not provided within seven days of its due date, your business licence can be suspended.
If the vehicle is not new, the applicant must provide a Used Vehicle Information Package (UVIP) from the Ministry of Transportation.
An agent contract and/or a designated custodian can be assigned, if applicable.
All outstanding licensing fees and charges must be paid by the licensee transferring the licence and/or the applicant to whom the licence is being transferred.
The vehicle:
- Must be no more than seven model years old. E.g. a taxicab manufactured in 2012 must be replaced in 2019
- Cannot be a former police vehicle or a taxi from another jurisdiction
- Must have the taxicab plate affixed to the right side of the rear bumper
Your licence will expire annually on the anniversary of the date that the licence was first issued.
The renewal fee for Taxi Owner (Standard Vehicles) is $984.16.
A renewal notice, identifying any documents required to renew the licence, will be mailed to the address on file.
Payments received after the licence expiry date are subject to late fees in addition to the annual licence fee.
If you fail to renew your licence within 90 days of the specified renewal date, your licence will be cancelled and you will have to reapply.


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Ashes and Sage
December 27, 2018
I've not really written about the big story that looms still over my head. It seems almost too much of a story—so many wrong turns, so many places that dead ended into hopelessness and incredulity. I'm not even sure if there's a place to start. So much is what happens when there's a person in … More Ashes and Sage


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Is the TP5x ball that consumers buy in retail same as the ones used by tour pros?
A search on the USGA site can show that there are three different versions of TP5x balls. I doubt the only difference is the sight line marking on the ball.
Taylormade staff- please detail the differences between these versions.
It's ethicially dubious to sell something to consumers making them think they are using the exact same product as the pros...maybe they are...but I'm not sure...
Solved! Go to Solution.
All of our TP5/TP5x golf balls come out of our ball plant in South Carolina which is where our consumer TP5/TP5x golf balls come from as well. The Tour balls come from the same line that produces the consumer balls, they just go through more rigorous testing to ensure they are 100% compliant with Tour equipment standards (99.9% of them are). From there we place the athlete's preference of number and alignment aid.
Pulling tour balls from production is actually more of a rarity in the industry and some competitors have a specific production line for their tour product.
If the tour balls are manufactured with the same specs and come from the same line as retail balls, and are merely selected from the same batch, then why are there 3 different versions of TP5x on the USGA list?
As I mentioned in the previous post, the TP5x balls you are referencing are pulled from our only production line. Our tour athletes have the luxury of choosing their alignment stamp which is hopefully something we offer to consumers in the future. The image you shared is considering the alignment stamps as different balls (IE. -------TP5x-------, ◂◂◂ TP5x ▸▸▸). They are all the same TP5x ball but with different alignment stamps.
Does that make sense?


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Octalsoft provides cost effective yet comprehensive Clinical Trial Software solutions
The cost of conducting clinical trials has quadrupled in the last decade. In this difficult times, pharmaceutical companies are under tremendous pressure to reduce costs and time of innovating new medical products.
Octalsoft's comprehensive portfolio of software solutions help clinical research organizations optimize their operations and accelerate clinical development process. Leverage Octalsoft's unified, powerful and secure technology cost effectively. Efficiently manage your clinical trial studies with Octalsoft's comprehensive Clinical Trial Software solutions and bring your products to the market quickly. With flexible deployment options, we help you optimize and maximize RoI on your technology investment.


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Ivan Hewett explains why the German capital is a magnet for music-lovers
In a leafy side-street just south of Berlin's Kurfürstendamm is the sleek modern headquarters of the Berlin Festspiele, an organisation that runs several of the city's arts festivals.
Inside is a severe black performing space, where last week I witnessed something very typical of this extraordinary city. I and the rest of the audience were ushered into a square, seatless space, which turned out to be soft, like a mattress.
The lights faded, and as we lay in the soothing dark, ghostly ranks of musicians were revealed on all four sides, blurry behind gauze curtains. They played a newly commissioned piece by German composer Klaus Lang, which consisted of static grainy layers of sound that for 40 minutes moved mysteriously around the space.
This was the opening event of Maerz Muzik, a 10-day festival of cutting-edge contemporary music that takes place every March. It was beguiling, but I couldn't help noticing that the musicians actually outnumbered the audience.
It's one of many signs that Berlin takes its culture seriously - as London does too, but Berlin's music scene has a special edge, a combination of innovative daring and stellar quality, which makes it utterly distinctive.
This is partly a cultural difference. German new music often has a dark intensity and political heat reminiscent of German artists such as Anselm Kieffer. But it also reflects the fact that in terms of funding, Berlin really puts its money where its mouth is.
This isn't just the mentality of a high-spending social democratic nation that invests in high culture, though it's partly that.
It is also a shrewd realisation that, lacking any industrial base, culture is Berlin's only real calling card. This is why, despite the city's dire financial plight, spending on the arts hasn't suffered as much as everybody feared.
Not so long ago the talk was of rationalisation, of pruning back the duplication of institutions that was the legacy of the Cold War. But 17 years on, apart from a merger of two orchestras, it is business as usual: the six orchestras, three opera houses, and numerous music and arts festivals are all still there - including two festivals of contemporary music taking place within three months of each other.
This has actually boosted the city's fortunes in a way that no one could have predicted.
Berlin has become a magnet for musicians and artists of all kinds, drawn by the low rents, amazingly low cost of living, and of course the extraordinarily lively arts scene. And increasingly it has become a magnet for visitors, who can soak up a world-beating array of museums and concerts that caters for every taste.
So, where to start?
If you're into the cutting edge of new music, you don't have to wait for next year's Maerz Musik, or the January new music festival called UltraSchall. Berlin has a fair claim to be the world capital of experimental music and "noise" and there are two clubs, Ausland and Stralau 68, that feature it regularly.
On April 21, there's a festival of hardcore "noise and industrial music" in Berlin, called Schlagstrom. It's in stark contrast to the much more poppy and good-time Love Parade, the outdoor festival of techno which last year filled the streets near Ku'damm with around a million scantily-clad revellers (though whether the festival will take place this year seems unclear).
Turn your attention to more mainstream music and you become aware that the city's classical institutions are not content to trade on their past, however lustrous.
The elegantly neoclassical Konzerthaus in the Gendarmenmarkt was where Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and Wagner's Flying Dutchman first saw the light of day, but these days it's an important venue for new music.
It houses its own Konzerthausorchester (until recently known as the Berlin Symphony Orchestra) and presents 600 concerts a year.
On the border between the old East and West is the distinctive ochre-and-green modernist Philharmonie, where the Deutsche Sinfonie Orchester often performs, alongside other first-rate home-grown bands such as the period-instrument Berlin Akademie für Alte Musik. Like the Konzerthaus Orchestra, the DSO has a newly appointed chief conductor with a taste for adventurous programming.
The amazing richness of Berlin's musical life means that the most famous institution of the lot - the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra - is kept on its mettle. Its British chief conductor, Sir Simon Rattle, has performed a very clever balancing act between preserving the orchestra's heartland in the Austro-German tradition, and eye-catching forays into new music.
But to be absolutely sure of catching the best Berlin has to offer, the wisest policy might be to head for one of the music festivals, such as the Musicfest, a feast of orchestral music which this year launches on September 1 with the Concertgebouw orchestra from Amsterdam.
The Berlin jazz festival, one of Europe's biggest, runs this year from November 1 to 4.
And if you're looking for a musical escape over Easter, the Berlin Staatskapelle, orchestra of the venerable Staatsoper unter den Linden, will be mid-way through a complete cycle of Mahler symphonies, jointly conducted by Pierre Boulez and Daniel Barenboim.
- For Berlin's festivals:www.berlinerfestspiele.de
- For concerts: www.berliner-philharmoniker.de; www.konzerthaus.de; www.dso-berlin.de
- For industrial noise music: www.schlagstrom.de


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Alfonso Rodriguez, CPA - Miami FL Tax Preparer
Alfonso Rodriguez, CPA
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Arts students may add a Faculty of Science major. Some programs require a separate application form and certain admission averages. Check the department website of the program you're interested in pursuing for admission requirements.
We strongly encourage students interested in pursuing a double major in Science to meet with an Arts Academic Advisor.
Application Form in PDF – Form- Bachelor Arts requesting Double Major with Science Specialization (PDF)
Application Form in Word – Form- Bachelor Arts requesting Double Major with Science Specialization
What's the difference between a dual degree and a double major?
Double Major: The student's experience is as an "Arts" student but they have also focused their studies in one area of specialization within the Faculty of Science.
Dual Degree: The student's experience is both as an "Arts" and a "Science" student. They have immersed themselves in each Faculty by taking a variety of subject areas, joining clubs and becoming an active participant within the student body. More information is available at Dual Degree in Arts and Science.