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Here you can read all news about stem cells.
Learn MoreMedia about us
Here you can read all news about stem cells.
Learn MoreMedia about us
Crohn's disease is a bowel disease that causes inflammation of the lining of digestive tract (anywhere from mouth to anus). Symptoms may vary but most commonly include abdominal pain, diarrhea (bloody, in severe cases), fever, fatigue, decreased appetite and weight loss. This can lead to many complications, and those suffering from Crohn's disease carry higher risk of bowel cancer.
Periods of flare up and remission are characteristic for this disease. Many people experience the symptoms years before they get diagnosed. Even though it is immune related, Crohn's is not an autoimmune disease. This is a chronic condition and there is no cure, although medications and treatments can be helpful in calming down the symptoms or stopping a flare up from occurring. Medications that are most commonly used include corticosteroid, in order to stop the symptoms, and methotrexate or a thiopurine to prevent relapses. Smokers are strongly advised to quit their habit, because it affects the symptoms of a disease significantly. Even with treatments, around half of people end up needing a surgery in the course of the first ten years with a disease.
The cause is still unknown, but the studies show that it is likely a combination of genetics, environmental and immune factors. People who have siblings with this disease have around 30 times more chances to develop it themselves. It has also spread out more in the developed countries and the urban surroundings. Eastern Europe has the most cases with Crohn's disease (around 3 people per 1,000 are diagnosed). It usually starts between the ages of 15 and 30 and both males and females are equally affected. Smoking, animal protein intake and stress are all linked to this condition.
Crohn's disease is often mistaken for ulcerative colitis, because the symptoms are quite similar. However, while the Crohn's disease can affect any part of gastrointestinal track, ulcerative targets only the colon. Diagnosing Crohn's can be challenging, but the most effective method is colonoscopy, which is 70% accurate.
Although patients with Crohn's have only slightly reduced life span in general, a number of different complications can easily end up being fatal, which is why it is important to be cautious and do the appropriate treatments.
This condition is a hard battle to deal with and it can be very difficult to control the symptoms. Until recent stem cell discovery, there was nothing powerful enough on the market to help the disease, and reverse the damage as well. Stem cell therapy at Swiss Medica clinic offers exactly that.
A patient undergoes a simple procedure, which lasts only a couple of hours. Firstly, stem cells are extracted from bone marrow and/or fat tissue (procedure similar to liposuction, but simpler). Only a small amount is needed, which is later separated and activated in Swiss Medica laboratory. Finally, activated stem cells are returned back to patient's body while resting, through a standard IV dip. This is a safe, painless and quick process. Because stem cells come from patient's own body, there is no risk of side effects or rejection. A body receives 200-300 million stem cells during the treatment, which restores a person's daily losses and exceeds it by thousand times.
Stem cells are unique and have the power to find the place of damage inside the body and fix it. Because they are already a part of repair system naturally, this process is very standard for human organism. When activated stem cells reach the body, they start searching for a place of damage and work on it. A patient notices improvement in symptoms, which are slowly building up, during the next 2-4 months.
The Swiss Medica ХХI Century clinic offers its clients safe and effective treatment supported by the team of highly qualified professionals. We realize the importance of conducting personalized care and promise proven results. Our aim is reaching the top standards of treatment for every patient – and we always succeed in it.
A patient can undergo medical treatment in Swiss Medica ХХI Century in Moscow (Russia), Belgrade (Serbia) or Switzerland.
The package includes:
Optional additional therapy:
What they say about us
It`s unbelievable how our life has changed since we had stem cell treatment it`s been nine months.
Mom is calmer, dad is calmer. Why? Because our son is happy, now.continue
I am very very happy with all the care that I received and I recommend this treatment to anybody who want to give it a go. Come and have an open mind and meet these wonderful people who will treat you gently and with respect.
I�ll always be grateful. Thank you.continue
Well, the first month went well. I regained my psychophysical energy, especially in the sport I practice, I felt an improvement.
Now I hope, I hope that in the future, and the doctors tell me that it is better, I hope that in the future I'll feel all the better.continue
It's all been very nice, everybody has been very kind.
I don't think that anyone could fail to be impressed by the level of service and treatments and expertise everyone seems to have here, and, obviously, having medical treatment is not something that people want to have, but at the same time it's been as enjoyable as it could be to do that.continue
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Daily Archives: 17/05/2012
Deborah's Theme
Cost of Greek exit from euro put at $1tn
The British government is making urgent preparations to cope with the fallout of a possible Greek exit from the single currency, after the governor of the Bank of England, Sir Mervyn King, warned that Europe was "tearing itself apart".
Reports from Athens that massive sums of money were being spirited out of the country intensified concern in London about the impact of a splintering of the eurozone on a UK economy that is stuck in double-dip recession. One estimate put the cost to the eurozone of Greece making a disorderly exit from the currency at $1tn, 5% of output.
Officials in the United States are also nervously watching the growing crisis: Barack Obama on Wednesday described it as a "headwind" that could threaten the fragile American recovery.
In a speech in Manchester before flying to the United States for a summit of G8 leaders, the British prime minister, David Cameron, will say the eurozone "either has to make up or it is looking at a potential breakup", adding that the choice for Europe's leaders cannot be long delayed.
"Either Europe has a committed, stable, successful eurozone with an effective firewall, well capitalised and regulated banks, a system of fiscal burden sharing, and supportive monetary policy across the eurozone, or we are in uncharted territory which carries huge risks for everybody.
An Upright Marine
Call To Navy Recruiter
Attention To Detail
What is it with the "warmists", Al Gore and his clones who keep insisting the Earth is warming, that too much carbon dioxide (CO2) will be the death of us, and that we have to immediately stop burning "fossil fuels" if we are to save the planet? They are the most relentless liars on the face of the planet.
They want us to cover the surface of the U.S. with solar panels and the mountains with wind turbines to generate the energy needed for everything we do. These Green energy alternatives are so wonderful they are producing a mere three percent of our current needs, require government subsidies and loan guarantees to exist, and tend not to be all that great when the sun isn't shining and the wind isn't blowing.
So why are we still hearing from this discredited and disgraced bunch of charlatans and…
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subset: commoncrawl


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Make Your Own Daily Shower Spray (a.k.a., Keep Your Shower Clean, the Cheap and Lazy Way)
Posted on May 12, 2011 by
At the risk of making every post I write for The Greenists a "Guess what ELSE you can do with vinegar?!" post, I've got one more for you. Seriously, people, it is a wonder substance. Can I help it if it's a 200-trick pony? (Answer: I cannot. So let's go with it, my friends.)
This time I'm taking it into my bathroom. My shower, specifically. Some of you know I spent a rather sizable chunk of the first quarter of 2010 without a usable shower in my home. It was for a good cause, because at the end of it, in place of the rusting metal tiles that I'd resorted to duct taping back on the wall as they came unglued (I wish I were kidding. It wasn't pretty, folks), I had a gorgeous sparkling white tiled (fully waterproof!) shower that I'm no longer embarrassed to let guests see.
The beauty of a brand-new shower is that it looks clean even without cleaning it for a really, really long time. The drawback is that it tempts lazy people like me not to clean it for a really, really long time. Whether it's reasonable or not, I've grown convinced that a generous application of daily shower spray after every use is a free pass not to scrub my new shower properly for several weeks on end. Which is all good and fine except that I am tired of buying plastic refill bottles of Method's ylang ylang-scented shower spray. I've been on this beat long enough to know that surely I could make my own, right? Right. So I asked my cleaning consultant/doctor/navigator/recipe guru/general all-purpose resource (a.k.a., The Google) to tell me how.
As with most make-it-yourself ventures, the Internet had varying views on the best plan of attack. Even after quickly eliminating all formulas involving bleach and ammonia and other nasty things Greenists try to avoid, I was still left with a handful of recipes containing mostly the same ingredients in widely differing ratios. I decided to place faith in the law of averages and round the measures out somewhere in the middle. That meant the process for my semi-improvised shower-cleaning concoction went something like this:
- Find a large-ish spray bottle. (Conveniently, I had a recently emptied all-purpose cleaner bottle that was bound for the recycling bin, which worked out great for me.)
- Fill it about 1/3 full of vinegar. (Maybe a little less. Rumor has it full-strength vinegar can break down your caulk, so you don't want to use too much, but one recipe I read called for half and half vinegar to water ratios, so if you keep it lower than that, I think you should be fine.)
- Add a tablespoon or two of liquid dish soap or a tablespoon of dishwasher rinse aid. (Some of the recipes I found called for the former while others used the latter. I decided to get crazy and use both. I know!—I'm a wild woman. Don't fence me in, folks.)
- Fill the rest of the bottle with warm water and shake to combine. Then spray it like any other daily shower spray each time you towel off.
As usual, if the smell of vinegar bothers you, you can add a few drops of essential oil to the mix. I love the smell of my Seventh Generation Lavender & Mint dish liquid, and for me, that canceled out the vinegar scent sufficiently.
So. How does it work? Pretty well, I'd say! I've been using my home-made shower spray for several weeks now, and before I cleaned my shower for real last Saturday (by which I mean with a foamy, soap scum busting spray and a scrubby thing—I do clean hard core-ish on occasion, at least), I rubbed my finger along the inside of my tub and shower walls to check for the usual white powdery soap residue, and really only very faint traces of it were visible. I'd not only call that a success; I'd call it validation and verified proof that my "Shower spray = free pass to lazy, sporadic cleaning" rationale is fully justified. Hooray!
Now if only vinegar and eight seconds of my time could mow my lawn for me. Sadly, that's one trick I think this pony can't do.


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Blogs and wikis in the classroom
Elaine Plybon, Dallas Educational Technology Examiner
Over the last few years, more and more educators have begun using blogs and wikis in the classroom. This article will discuss what blogs and wikis are, some of their uses in the classroom, and provide resources for teachers who are hoping to begin using blogs and/or wikis this year.
Blogs, short for "web logs" have become popular through all social circles. Blogs give an author or authors an opportunity to share information with large groups of people via the web in a very easy-to-use format. Readers of articles are able to post comments to them, which makes each blog a dynamic work-in-progress. Often used as a distribution point for information, news, and updates, many companies, newspapers, and individuals have experienced benefits from starting a blog.
In the classroom, blogs can be used as a place for students to talk about what they have learned, discuss perspectives on a news item, or provide information to individuals who have an interest in the class. There are multiple sources for free blogs. Visit the "For more information" section of this article to find a few.
Wikis are another dynamic tool for use in the classroom. Wiki means "quickly" in Hawaiian. Whether that is how they were named or if it is an acronym for "What I Know Is", using wikis is a way to create webpages without having any knowledge of the software programming languages required to write web pages. Wikis can be edited by several people, making them a useful tool for collaborative projects. Wikis also give students an opportunity to reveal what they have learned, begin conversations about topics they are researching, and display projects or other products from the classroom. Wikis are very easy to edit. Usually it only takes clicking an "Edit" button and a user will be given the opportunity to add their own content in a what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) format. One example of a very popular wiki is Wikipedia.
True for both blogs and wikis:
Adding graphics and files for download are fairly easy. Teachers can use either format as a source of information for parents, including homework assignments, classroom calendars, and contact information. It is also very important when using blogs or wikis that students be reminded about following copyright laws at all times. The temptation to use images and other information they find on the internet can be difficult to overcome in a copy-and-paste society.
There are some classrooms that use both blogs and wikis. However, in my opinion a teacher should determine which one is right for his/her own classroom use. In my science classroom, for example, we will use a wiki this year to showcase what we've learned, create a word wall, and work on group projects. Other classrooms might lend themselves more towards a blog – as a place for students to comment on each other's ideas and information.
It is important, as with any technology in the classroom, to make sure that what is used is relevant and the right tool for each classroom. Deciding to teach students how to use every technology tool just because it is a cool tool and has a use in some classrooms is not good practice. A teacher must thoughtfully consider what each classroom needs and give students the information they need to be able to use the tool efficiently and effectively.
Read the full article at the link below…


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|Meeting Minutes March 21, 2016
|Written by Diane Deardorff
|Tuesday, 03 May 2016 13:35
The Washington Township Board of Supervisor's met at the Municipal Building on March 21, 2016.
All Supervisors were present.
Chairman Dan McGregor called the meeting to order at 7:30 P.M.
Everyone stood for the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag.
The minutes from the previous meeting were read and approved as read.
The Treasurer's report was read and approved as read.
Supervisor Dan McGregor read the following reports. Dillsburg EMS responded to 112 calls for the month of February with 5 in Washington Township. Franklintown Fire Company responded to 16 calls for the month and 3 were in Washington Township. Wellsville Fire Company responded to 17 calls with 3 in the township. East Berlin Fire Company responded to 28 calls, 5 were in the township. The ambulance responded to 87 calls for the month of February and 11 were in the township. Supervisor McGregor read a message from Franklintown Fire Chief to advise residents not to burn this week due to the dry and windy conditions.
Subdivision Plans:
There were no subdivisions presented.
Business from the Floor:
Andy Raymond from East Berlin Borough thanked the Supervisors for their support of the East Berlin Community Center. He knows the building will be in need of a new roof in the future. Supervisor Dan McGregor asked if they have applied for any grants. Mr. Raymond will supply the Supervisors with all grant information. He also announced that East Berlin Fire Company has purchased a new ambulance and will go into service in a couple of weeks.
Anthony Pugliese introduced himself again as a candidate for the 92nd District for the House of Representatives.
Old Business:
Supervisor Dan McGregor reminded residents that Spring Clean-Up will be Wednesday and Thursday April 20 & 21 from 8:00 A.M. until 4:30 P.M. and Friday April 22, 8:00 until 12:00.
New Business:
Supervisor Harlen Anderson, Jr. made a motion to have the Secretary advertise for bids for various stones, road oils, fuel and the Eisenhart Mill Rd project. Bids will be opened at next months' meeting on April 18th. Supervisor Jeff Propps seconded the motion.
Supervisor Harlen Anderson, Jr. made a motion to adopt Resolution 2016-02, adding land to the Ag Security Area for Terry and Sandra Sweitzer, Parcel ID 40 MD-11B. 9.5 acres are in Washington Township.
The Supervisors discussed another property to be added into Ag Security and decided to incorporate it in with the seven year review. Solicitor Sharon Myers will provide the necessary requirements for the review.
Supervisor Dan McGregor provided information on free tire disposal by the York County Solid Waste Authority. Pre-registration is required and tires will be accepted from March 21 through May 20.
He also announced that York County will begin Electronic Recycling again in April. Items must be taken to the site off Flour Mill Rd or Penn and Fairview Townships. Exact start date will be announced soon.
Solicitor's Report:
Solicitor Sharon Myers had concerns on the updating of Lot and Parent Tract in the new SALDO. The Supervisors discussed the information.
Supervisor Jeff Propps made a motion to pay the bills out of the General Funds Account totaling $7,441.07 and the State Account totaling $3,285.38. Supervisor Harlen Anderson, Jr. seconded the motion.
Supervisor Harlen Anderson, Jr. made a motion to adjourn the meeting at 7:48 P.M. Supervisor Jeff Propps seconded the motion.
Respectfully Submitted,
Diane Deardorff, Secretary/Treasurer


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history repeats itself. only this time things are worse.
according to "parent says book is inappropriate for students in middle school," a story and accompanying letter that appeared in the thursday, jan. 19 edition of the echoes-sentinel, a parent complained about her 11 year old reading a public school book about rape, incest, prostitution, and other sexually charged material inappropriate for any sixth grader, let alone her own child.
over five years ago, my public school kindergartner was presented with another such book. at that time, the principal found it so inappropriate that she removed it from the library, and the superintendent said he could understand how some parents would find it objectionable.
this time around the parent was not so lucky. this time things went horribly wrong and children remain in danger of being sexualized by the public school system. "contemporary social issues" are claimed as the excuse why the book "has value to the instructional process."
does anyone in our community, other than librarians, educators, and sex offenders, believe an 11-year-old's exposure to stories of rape, incest, and prostitution is educational?
exactly what is the education that a child derives from reading such literature? is there no other book available for educational purposes that excludes sexual content inappropriate for children?
why are public schools requiring children to read sexually inappropriate material except in the rare instance where a parent complains? why can't schools be trusted to protect our children from sexually inappropriate material?
see how the superintendent feigns concern for a parent's complaint. isn't he sweet when he says, "this is not intended to be confrontational." next time he'll be "more cognizant in how the book is used in classrooms." alternative books will be found for those "incompatible with a parent's preference."
what this really means is he is totally unconcerned with a parent's wishes except when a complaint is made. then all efforts will be made to mollify that parent so all other children can continue reading about rape, incest, and prostitution.
public schools no longer have as their goal teaching reading, writing, and arithmetic. now they are about exposing children early and often to raw, crude, sexually inappropriate material. this so-called "authentic literature" or "street lit" is replacing traditional literature classics.
a former chairman of the california legislature's education committee has just this week said, "the authentic literature books are rife with profanity and are dominated by themes of death, crime, drug addiction, rapes, gang beatings, weird sex, homosexual encounters, and so on. shockingly, many of them violate state obscenity laws and even school district age appropriate regulations."
there is something terribly wrong when a public school system foists such "instructional" material on our children. it gets even worse when we let them get away with it because we do not get involved, we believe their propaganda, or we remain ignorant of the dangers.
i urge parents to demand that the superintendent and the school reverse course by withdrawing all "authentic literature" from the schools immediately. it is our children in danger. it is our public money after all. demand that it be used the way we want, not the way radical extremists want. then maybe the children can get an "authentic" education, not inappropriate sexual "instruction."
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Google Applies New Layout to Search Results
Last Month I reported that Google were testing new layouts for their search results.
You can see the before and after images below:
It now seems that this has indeed been rolled out for every user. Are you seeing this new version? Or are you still seeing the old Google?
Blog Post by: Greg McVey


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Trimont is proud to be a sponsoring attendee at the CRE Finance Council's Celebrating Survivors Breast Cancer Charity Dinner tonight in NYC. This most worthy event is a celebration of life, survivorship and charity as the evening events will raise funds for the Young Survival Coalition's effort to support, educate and empower young women in their fight against breast cancer. The CREFC Women's Network's Mission is to:
- Enhance the visibility, profile and advancement of women in the commercial real estate finance industry.
- Provide a structured platform with CREFC dedicated to women's initiatives
- Provide opportunities for networking, mentoring and development of professional women
About Trimont Real Estate Advisors
Trimont Real Estate Advisors (trimontrea.com) is a real estate financial services provider with more than $130 billion of client assets under management, providing services to commercial lenders and investors since 1988. Trimont is the leading provider of asset management, servicing, due diligence and advisory solutions to commercial real estate clients around the world. The firm has approximately 230 employees among six offices in Amsterdam, Atlanta, Dallas, Kansas City, London, Los Angeles and New York. From these offices, Trimont has managed more than 22,000 assets and provided services to clients in 64 countries.
Trimont is a highly rated primary, special, and construction servicer, with particular expertise in repositioning and development deals. Trimont is rated by Standard & Poor's as a Commercial Mortgage Special Servicer (Strong) a Construction Loan Servicer (Strong), and Commercial Primary Servicer (Above Average). It is rated by Fitch as a Primary Servicer (CPS2+) and a Special Servicer (CSS2), and by Kroll Bond Ratings, Inc.


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Clock ticking for Senna to deliver on promise
Bruno Senna has yet to convince in his big chance with Williams. Edd Straw talks to him about his struggles and asks whether he can make good on his potential.
This year was Bruno Senna's big chance. It was make or break. For all the questions of whether his place on the Formula 1 grid owed more to his famous name and a wad of sponsorship dollars than his ability (despite winning races at GP2 and Formula 3 level), how the 28-year-old performed on track in 2012 was going to prove whether or not he had a future at the highest level. With nine races down, the numbers indicate that the dial on the career prospects meter is wavering over 'break'.
Senna has been thumped by team-mate Pastor Maldonado. Even when you take into account that the Venezuelan is in his second season with Williams and that Senna has sat out six Friday-morning practice sessions to allow Valtteri Bottas seat time, there's no arguing over the winner of the intra-team battle. Maldonado has outperformed Senna on the key performance indicators: points (29 to 18), qualifying (7 to 2) and best finish (first to sixth). The Brazilian can point to greater consistency thanks to his five top-10 finishes compared with Maldonado's two, but that doesn't carry much weight when his team-mate has infamously squandered handfuls of points.
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Step 1 Gather information using our CHECKLIST.
Step 2 Call your Local ARS Office and let them know you want to attend ACTI.
Step 3 Schedule an appointment with your field counselor and bring all the information with you to the meeting.
Step 4 Work with your Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) counselor for eligibility and referral to ACTI.
Still in high school? Download the TEP brochure here.
Want to see ACTI for yourself? Call our Admissions Office at 501-701-6353 to set up a tour.


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All in One CCTV Audio Cable with Amplifier and built in mic
|Click to enlarge image(s)
More Sensitive than most built in camera microphones.
Microphone is In-Line with an interconnecting Cable to allow easy connection to a Video Camera as pictured below.
Cable Connections
Camera end of Cable & RCA Video Plug can be cut off if not required.


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Metal Plates and Plate Stock Information
Metal plates and metal plate stock includes metals and alloys in the form of blanks, flats, bars, plates, and sheet stock. Metal and alloy plates and plate stock are used in a variety of applications such as raw material feed for machining or forming of parts, flooring or floor fabrication, and building and construction materials.
How Metal Plates and Plate Stock are Made
Producing and manipulating metal plates and plate stock involves a number of different processes. They include casting processes, joining and assembly processes, deformation processes, material removal processes, heat treating processes, and finishing processes.
- Casting processes involve pouring molten metal into a mold cavity where, once solid, the metal takes the shape of the cavity. Continuous casting processes allow continuous production of stock shapes. Casting is used to make ingots which are then use in the forming of metal plates.
- Joining and assembly processes include welding, soldering, brazing, fastening, and other processes that connect parts permanently or semi-permanently to form a new entity.
- Deformation processes include metal forming, roll forming, extrusion, forging and sheet metalworking processes. They use plastic deformation, where deformation is induced by external compressive forces exceeding the yield stress of the material.
- Material removal processes remove extra material from the workpiece in order to achieve the desired shape. They include machining operations, abrasive machining, and nontraditional processes utilizing lasers and electron beams.
- Heat treating processes include annealing, quenching, tempering, aging, homogenizing, solution treating, and precipitation hardening. Heat treating modifies the strength, ductility, hardness, machinability, and formability of the metal stock
- Finishing processes engineer the structure of the surface to produce the desired surface finish, texture, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance of metal shapes. Polishing, burnishing, peening, galvanizing, painting, oiling, waxing, lubricating, plating, and coating are types of finishing processes.
Selection Criteria
Selection of metal plates and plate stock is usually based first on a design's required size and shape, and then on either material types or grades as certain design specifications or application constraints require. Substitute materials can be selected and qualified based on the required material properties. Laboratory, performance, or field testing is used to verify performance in some cases.
Sizes and Dimensions
The GlobalSpec SpecSearch Database contains the ability to select parts based on shapes and dimensions. Dimensions for metal plates and plate stock include overall thickness, gauge thickness, overall width or outer diameter (OD), secondary width, and overall length.
Types of Metals and Alloys
The GlobalSpec SpecSearch Database contains information and listings for different metals and alloys. Each can be classified as either a ferrous or non-ferrous metal.
- Ferrous metals and alloys are metals containing iron as the base metal in the alloy. Common ferrous metals and alloys used to manufacture metal plates and metal plate stock include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, tool steel, or other specialty ferrous metals. For more detailed information on the individual types of ferrous metals, please visit GlobalSpec's "Ferrous Metals and Alloys" Learn More page or search for a specific metal or alloy of interest.
- Non-ferrous metals and alloys are metals that do not incorporate iron as the base metal. The most common materials used for metal plates and alloy plates are aluminum, copper, nickel, magnesium, precious metals, and titanium. For more detailed information on individual types of non-ferrous metals, please visit GlobalSpec's "Nonferrous Metals and Alloys" Learn More page or search for a specific metal or alloy of interest.
Important Mechanical Properties
When selecting metal parts, there are other specifications that must be met besides size and shape. The GlobalSpec SpecSearch Database allows the user to search for a metal shape based on a number of different mechanical properties. These include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and tensile modulus.
- Tensile strength or ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at break is the maximum amount of stress (force per unit area) required from stretching or pulling to fail (necking) or break the material under tension-loading test conditions. It is an intensive property and therefore does not depend on size, but is affected by surface defects and the temperature of the environment. This property is primarily used in the design of brittle members where breakage of a material from stretching is a concern.
- Yield strength (YS) is the maximum amount of stress (force per unit area) required to deform or impart permanent plastic deformation (typically of 0.2%) in the material under tension-loading test conditions. The yield point occurs when elastic (linear) stress-strain behavior changes to plastic (non-linear) behavior. Ductile materials typically deviate from Hooke's law or linear behavior at some higher stress level. Knowledge of the yield point is vital when designing a component since it generally represents an upper limit to the load that can be applied.
- Elongation is the percent amount of deformation that occurs during a tensile test or other mechanical test. Ductile materials will be more inclined to deform than to break. Designs that require metal parts to fit and maintain a fixed shape under stress should consider the part's elongation properties.
- Tensile modulus or Young's modulus is a material constant that indicates the variation in strain produced under an applied tensile load. Materials with a higher modulus of elasticity have higher stiffness or rigidity.
It is important to consider the testing conditions under which the properties of a material have been found. Operating conditions that differ from the testing environment may have adverse effects on a material's properties.