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Cost Benefit Analysis of Kenaf Cultivation for Producing Fiber in Malaysia
Received Date: Jun 13, 2017 / Accepted Date: Aug 30, 2017 / Published Date: Sep 03, 2017
The main objective of this work to assess the cost benefit of kenaf cultivation in Malaysia. The data were collected through the focus group discussion with kenaf farmers as well as from National Company of Kenaf and Tobacco board (NKTB) administrative staff, the production data collected from Kenaf Processing and Marketing Centre Bachok-Kelantan. The cost benefit analysis model was developed using Microsoft Excel software. Three scenarios of kenaf production per hectare were considered which were 15, 12 and 10 ton. According to the data analysis; the investigation of the three scenarios revealed that when the farmers in Kelantan state cultivated kenaf for producing fiber the production of 15 tons per hectare was found to be viable and maximizes their profit. The results suggest that farmers need to increase the productivity and alternate the current cultivated variety V36 with the tested varieties in Malaysian soils.
Keywords: Kenaf cultivation; Kenaf variety; Cost benefit analysis
Kenaf is fibrous crop adapted to a temperate and tropical environment, not harmful to the environment, biodegradable and inexpensive. It entails two sorts of outer and interior fiber; they were bast and core, their characteristics are comparable to tree wood. The bast, core fiber, and leaves have numerous uses, encompassed manufacturing of paper products, building materials, absorbents, automobile parts, textiles, and livestock feed [1]. Also, the manufacturing of kenaf products has been evaluated for textiles and identified as additional prospective uses. Therefore kenaf may be an alternative to other crops to be cultivated. However, incentives should be given to farmers to substitute corn and cotton with kenaf as there is a very slow adaptation by farmers due to the lack of enterprise financial plan to grow kenaf [2].
Factors influencing kenaf cultivation and fiber production
There are several factors affecting kenaf components yields; they were kenaf cultivars, sowing date, photosynthesis, and length of the growing season, plant population, and crop maturity. Hence, when investigating about kenaf yields and plant composition, it is necessary to realize the production factors that affect the cultivation of these plant components and their composition as well as the moisture content of kenaf stalks [3]. Also, Webber et al. [4] clarified that the length of the period of kenaf planting season, the average day, as well as night temperatures and suit soil moisture content, are the primary key factors affecting kenaf fiber yields. Additionally, kenaf stalk yields normally range from 11 to 18 ton/hectare and this depends on previously identified production factors. The main factors that can influence kenaf cultivation and fiber yield are summarized in Table 1 [3-6].
|The factors
|The advantages
|Early and medium maturing cultivars, classified as short-day plants grown if the purpose for producing fibre, the growing cultivars suitable to soils type and environmental factors will gave fibre yield ranges from 11ton/hectare to 21 ton/hectare
|Plant Maturity
|Plants were harvested at either 90, 120, or 150 days after planting
|Plant Populations
|The recommended plant populations of 185,000 to 370,000 plants/ha are desirable for increasing stalk yields and the production of single stalk kenaf plants, the plant populations needs about 8 kg/ha of seed (100% germination).
|Soil Fertility
|The application of nitrogen rates (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N/ha) on a fine sandy loam soil, it was determined that stalk yield tended to increase as nitrogen rates increased up to 168 kg N/ha
|moisture content
|Will increase the weight and the accepted by the factory is 0%
|average day and night
|The cultivars in needs to germinate, growth and well established when the day length approximately 12.5 hours.
|The length of kenaf planting season
|the delaying of kenaf harvesting in the grown season has a significant effect on stalk yields, the stalk yields ranged from 3.8 t/ha for 60 day to 19.3 t/ha for 150 days
Table 1: The major factors influencing kenaf cultivation and fibre yield.
Kenaf cultivation and fiber production
Tahery et al. [7] compared the kenaf varieties such as Guatemala 4 (G4), Kohn-kaen 60 (KK60) and V36; the parameters of gas exchange characteristics were measured. They found that KK60 was the most desirable choice of kenaf variety to be cultivated for fiber production. Moreover, to achieve a high yield of productivity the important factors that affected crop production such as environmental factors need to be addressed.
The demand for kenaf locally and internationally has rapidly increased. Cultivation of it in Malaysia faced many challenges when grown in sandy soil. The investigation which was conducted by Basri et al. [8] gave a solution of adding chicken manure to the soil which will provide the best production instead of fertilizer which has environmental and health consequences. Malaysia is located in a temperate climate, for that, much fertilizers need to be added for the cultivation of kenaf. The results of the mixture of biochar and organic and inorganic fertilizers which is attained by Basri et al. [9] provided an efficient method for the cultivation of kenaf in a tropical climate with less impact on the environment. Carlsson-Kanyama and González [10] in their research on non-CO2 gas emission associated with food production, they clarify that the poultry meat production shows very low emissions. However, Sampanpanish studied the effect of organic fertilizer use in the rice to reduce greenhouse. They stated that the usage of manure fertilizer has the lowest emission of greenhouse gasses, this will indicate that the production of kenaf fiber used the organic fertilizer will enhance the productivity as well as mitigate the environmental effects.
Cost benefit analysis of kenaf cultivation
This section clarifies the financial and profitability analysis of kenaf cultivation for producing fiber in Malaysia. And there are many reasons of why we selected the Kelantan state. A review by Roslan et al. [11] noted that, Malaysian government has the plan to replace kenaf with tobacco and Kelantan state is one of the strategic state that was considered in this investigation due to its economic importance. Also as reported in the New Strait Times [12] as listed below highlighted the strategic importance of Kelantan state in the present study:
1. Kelantan people are known as most successful business communities in the country;
2. It has one of the poorest districts in the state as most of the people are involved in the agricultural and fishing sectors;
3. Tobacco farming was the first introduced in Kelantan in the 1960s by the Malayan Tobacco Company and although lowered upon by the conservative and religious tradition;
4. The introduction of the Asean Free Trade Agreement (AFTA, 2010), reduced tobacco farming, among which, Kelantan was the most affected;
5. Also increased kenaf cultivation in Kelantan has resulted in the reduction in the cultivated areas of tobacco.
Moreover, Kelantan state is the first state that the researcher had an interactive session with farmers that cultivated kenaf to produce fiber as well as the state where kenaf processing factory is located.
The main aim of conducting a financial analysis and benefitcost analysis helps in providing; marketing, financial and economic information that can assist decision-makers for project consideration as well as provide insight to current constraints and preferences [13]. Therefore, cost analysis does not only estimate total cost per unit of output, but also helps to identify cost reduction opportunities and profit maximization strategies. Furthermore, the market where a product is transacted upon determines its selling price, however, it should be able to cover the cost of the project so as to encourage more investment [14].
The costs and returns of the kenaf crop cultivation by farmers were assessed by enterprise budgeting methods applied for each data that was collected from the farmers. The values estimated in this investigation were revenue, costs and returns [15] as follows:
1. Revenue: Gross income (GI), is known as the value of the total output produced by the planted land. GI was calculated by multiplying average yield by average price at the farm level. GI contains the only kenaf fiber produced during the year, which was sold by the farmers as the stem to LKTN.
2. Operating cost: It is defined as the total input cost including: traction contract cost, hired labor cost, seeds, fertilizer, insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides cost. The traction value consists of the opportunity cost or the hire cost for using machinery for land ploughing.
3. Total enterprise cost (TEC): It is the value of all inputs used in kenaf stem production. It is the sum of the operating cost, the opportunity cost of equity capital and the opportunity cost of family or hired labor. TEC is divided into the total variable cost and total fixed cost. However, in this analysis, total fixed costs are excluded. This study focused on evaluating farm profitability on a short-term basis (in the 2014 kenaf crop season). Since fixed costs is ignored in the short term, net returns were defined as gross income per unit of activity and expressed in Malaysian Ringgit per hectare equivalent to USD.
4. Returns: Enterprise gross margin (EGM) is defined as the difference between Gross income (GI) and operating cost. In the kenaf production industry in Malaysia, many efforts are being initiated to achieve better quality and environmental conservation by maintaining and implementing the cleaner technology. Consequently, assessing the cost and benefit of this industrial plant is urgently needed to ensure the continuing producing of kenaf fiber. This investigation will apply financial cost and benefit analysis to evaluate the net benefits of kenaf cultivation and its fiber production following the method adopted from Soldatos [14], Monti and Alexopoulou [2]. In their evaluations the profit and loss is calculated using all the inputs and outputs utilized by the farmers to produce kenaf fiber, the sales revenue of kenaf with the subsidies which is provided by LKTN is subtracted from the costs such as seeds, fertilizers pesticides and mechanized, land rent and labor used to plant kenaf. Kenaf price is RM 500 as predetermined by LKTN, the projection period is 10 years. Moreover as reviewed by Webber III et al., Webber III et al., Dempsey, and Cook et al. [3-6] kenaf production per hectare is 13-18 ton per hectare, in this attempt the production scenario is (10,12 and15) ton/hectare as showed in Table 2.
|Ideal C
|Production Budget
|Number of farmers
|Planted Area in Hectare
|WC Production
|Moderate Case Production
|Ideal Production
|Pasir mass
|Pasir poteh
Table 2: Kenaf budgeting.
Results and Discussion
The results of cost benefit analysis of kenaf cultivation for producing fiber obtained in Tables 3a-3c illustrate the scenario of kenaf production per hectare (15, 12 and 10 tons), respectively. The analysis showed that when kenaf is produced 15 tons per hectare as mentioned in this study and the assumption of the analysis, the farmer received a reasonable profit margin even without the subsidies and the IRR is very high and the payback period is half of the projection period. From this investigation, we can conclude that kenaf fiber will be more profitable to the farmer if the production per hectare is 15 tons or more. However, such an approach instead produced feeble kenaf stem diameter due to the high planting density that negatively affected the production of the commercial parts (core and fiber). According to findings of Soldatos [14], kenaf production faces several challenges due to marginal profitability for European farmers who are reluctant to cultivate kenaf; this will negatively affect the industrial chain which leads them to think of either increasing the yield per ha or reducing the cost through the agro-industrial chain. Also, the production of 12 tons per hectare showed reasonable performance, which can be considered as wellsuited as well in this analysis. Thus the study concluded that kenaf production of 15 ton/ha assumed in this analysis is one of the most viable production outcomes that farmers can aim for to be profitable. The work which was conducted by Agbaje et al. [16] illustrated that the net return of cultivation kenaf was higher and maximized the profit of the farmers when growing the local cultivar instead of improved varieties under the farmers' practice. As concluded by Rahman et al. [17] the intervention and support of the government policy is needed for the crop to determine a market condition for encouraging farmers to cultivate such crop. But when the kenaf stem production is 15 tons per hectare the NPV is more profitable; that means if the farmers cultivated kenaf produced any weight above this production relying on this analysis they will enjoy better income when growing kenaf for providing fiber. However, in this analysis we did not include any benefit of other products from kenaf cultivation, so if the other products such as seeds, leaves, and residues which can be used for animal feedings are included that will maximize the profit of the farmers. Thus the analysis concluded that kenaf cultivation would be viable if the farmer cultivated kenaf more than twice a year or intercropping with legume crop for enhancing the productivity. The research of intercropping kenaf with yam bean showed a significant effect on kenaf fiber productivity [18], this will positively increase the net income of kenaf fiber. Molla et al. [19] assessed the financial and economic profitability of jute in Bangladesh, they concluded that, jute production was more profitable than other crop and they recommended that to assure the continuity of the fiber crop, government should undertake policy for supporting the existence of this crop in a market economy condition.
|Year 0
|Cash Inflows
|Cash out Flows
|Net Cash Flows
|Present Value of Cash inflows
|Present Value of Cash outflows
|Pay Back Period
|5 years
Table 3a: Cost benefit analysis of kenaf cultivation scenario of production 15 ton/ha.
|Year 0
|Cash Inflows
|Cash out Flows
|Net Cash Flows
|Present Value of Cash inflows
|Present Value of Cash outflows
|Pay Back Period
|11.2 years
Table 3b: Cost benefit analysis of kenaf cultivation scenario of production 12 ton/ha.
|Year 0
|Cash Inflows
|Cash out Flows
|Net Cash Flows
|Present Value of Cash inflows
|Present Value of Cash outflows
|Pay Back Period
|58 years
Table 3c: Cost benefit analysis of kenaf cultivation scenario of production 15 ton/ha.
The investigation of the three scenarios revealed that when the farmers in Kelantan state cultivated kenaf for producing fiber the production of 15 tons per hectare was found to be financially viable and maximizes their profit. The three scenarios for fiber production were found to be profitable when the farmers used tractors for planting and harvesting kenaf, when BCR is used as an indicator. Moreover, when NKTB continues providing subsidies in the form of chemical, fertilizers and seeds for the farmers for the cultivation of kenaf, this is believed to serve as an incentive for continued kenaf cultivation. The findings from this research is hoped to provide information to decision makers, manufactures and farmers towards investment in kenaf cultivation. Additionally, the results of survey revealed that there are quite a number of challenges faced by kenaf farmers which needs immediate attention as stated by farmers' leader which includes:
• V36 variety with low seeds germination percentage decreased kenaf productivity. To increase the kenaf productivity, the kenaf variety KK60 which is recommended by Tahery et al. [7] as a better alternative to V36 and a favorite choice for kenaf cultivation for the production of fiber.
• There is need to reconsider the amount of subsidies provided by NKTB due to the high cost of labour, likewise, the predetermine price of kenaf stem by NKTB is RM 500 per ton is low thereby leading to low productivity and subsequent decline in returns which negatively affects the income of the famers.
• Though presently kenaf is produced once in a year which is considered not so profitable, thus the need to enlighten the famers' cultivations at intervals. Therefore, to increase productivity, there will be need for continuous training so as to gain more experience. More so, there is need to educated them not just on kenaf profitability but also its contribution to socioeconomic and environmental benefits.
Recommendations for Further Future Research
The financial assessment of this work only considered the normal CBA for kenaf cultivation which used the financial indicators NPV, IRR and BCR, while the externalities were not measured. However, CBA which is adopted in this study did not include the externality due to the unavailability or lack of data, and the farmers did not consider the value of other products from kenaf plantation; they only produced kenaf fiber to be sold to LKTN. Moreover, due to insufficient data there is no estimation of the externalities. Therefore, the investigation recommended that the economic CBA with its indicators will be included in the future to assess kenaf cultivation in all Malaysian states.
Suggestions and Policy Implications
• In the kenaf farming the scientific method of cultivation to be followed by the farmers and for LKTN has to provide the machinery instead of using the manual labors to get the high fiber yield.
• To find a mechanism to provide a high quality of seed to the farmers for better fiber production.
• To develop the local and global markets for promoting kenaf fiber and products marketing.
• Kenaf has numerous industrial applications and significant usefulness as forage and seeds used for oil production. Well, a strategic plan should follow with specific goals on all the mentioned aspects and should be tackled for kenaf cultivation to enhance its existence.
• Since kenaf has been established well in Malaysia, it will be good for the decision makers to offer a reasonable proportion of land areas to cultivate kenaf to increase its current production instead of supplementing the needs of the fiber by importing kenaf from another country such as Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Indonesia.
• Also, more efforts must be taken to evaluate the targeted products which are produced by the country using kenaf fiber and investigate their capabilities and interests, strengths and weaknesses compared to the other peer countries.
- Lips SJ, Van Dam JE (2013) Kenaf Fibre Crop for Bioeconomic Industrial Development Kenaf: A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications. Springer, pp: 105-143.
- Monti A, Alexopoulou E (2013) Kenaf: a multi-purpose crop for several industrial applications: new insights from the biokenaf project. Springer-Verlag, London.
- Webber III, Charles L, Bledsoe VK (2002) Kenaf yield components and plant composition. Trends in new crops and new uses, pp: 348-357.
- Webber III, Charles L, Bhardwaj HL, Bledsoe VK (2010) Kenaf Plant Information: History, Uses, Production, Fiber, Feed, and Seed. Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, pp: 327-339.
- Dempsey JM (1975) Fiber crops. University Presses of Florida, pp: 1-457.
- Cook C, Scott Jr A, Sij J, Bhangoo M, Banuelos G (1995) Evaluation of Different Plant Species Used for Phytoremediation of High Soil Selenium. Paper presented at the Proc. Int. Kenaf Assoc. Conf. Irving, TX.
- Tahery Y, Shukor NAA, Abdul-Hamid H (2011) Comparative water relation of three varieties of Hibiscus cannabinus L.(Kenaf). African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 13797-13801.
- Basri MHA, Abdu A, Jusop S, Ahmed OH, Abdul-Hamid H, et al. (2013) Effects of mixed organic and inorganic fertilizers application on soil Properties and the growth of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivated on BRIS soils. American Journal of Applied Sciences 10: 1586-1597.
- Basri MHA (2016) Optimizing fertilizers doses and their effects on photosynthesis and biomass yield of Hibiscus cannabinus cultivated on BRIS soil. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science 66: 534-543.
- Carlsson-Kanyama A, González AD (2007) Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions associated with food production: methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). Division of Industrial Ecology, KTH, pp: 1-32.
- Roslan I, Shamshuddin J, Fauziah CI, Anuar AR (2011) Fertility and suitability of the Spodosols formed on sandy beach ridges interspersed with swales in the Kelantan-terengganu Plains of Malaysia for kenaf production. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science 15: 1-24.
- Jaafar S (2015) The diligence of Kelantan's farming folk. New Strait Times.
- Shongwe P, Masuku BM, Manyatsi MA (2013) Cost Benefit Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Crop Production Systems: A Case of Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme (ADP) in Swaziland. University of Swaziland.
- Soldatos P (2013) Economic and Financial Analysis: The Farmer's Point of View Kenaf. Springer, pp: 145-176
- Ochola SA, Kosura W (2007) Case Study on Tobacco cultivation and possible alternative crops-Kenya. Institute of Nature Resources and Technology Suties, Nairobi, pp: 1- 34.
- Agbaje G, Saka J, Adegbite A, Adeyeye O (2008) Influence of agronomic practices on yield and profitability in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fibre cultivation. African Journal of Biotechnology 7: 565-574.
- Rahman S, Alam MJ, Hossain ST (2013) Financial and economic profitability of selected agricultural crops in Bangladesh. Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), pp: 1-182.
- Saka JO, Adeniyan ON, Akande SR, Balogun MO (2007) An economic evaluation of intercropping African yam bean, kenaf and maize in the rain forest zone of Nigeria. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 2: 1-8.
- Molla MMU, SA Sabur, Begum IA (2015) Financial and Economic Profitability of Jute in Bangladesh: A Comparative Assessment The Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences 2: 295-303.
Citation: Paridah MT, Abdelrhman AH, Shahwahid M (2017) Cost Benefit Analysis of Kenaf Cultivation for Producing Fiber in Malaysia. Arabian J Bus Manag Review 7: 310.
Copyright: © 2017 Paridah MT, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Monday, December 22, 2008
Another Good Slosher
2 comments:
- Grellan said...
Barefooting in the rain is great fun. Your feet build up heat which makes it great splashing through puddles to cool them down. Unseasonally dry here at the moment though.
You're certainly heading for a plateau with long runs like that on wet trails. Will you have to come back down before upping the ante again for the spring/summer season or will you run through without taking your foot off the gas. I ask because my experience with speedwork suggests recovery is required after reaching a peak/plateau. Then again it may be different for 800/1500m training.
- December 22, 2008 at 10:00 AM
- Mike said...
The plan is to keep hammering through the winter season which goes until the end of February, however I'm sure we'll back off on the hard long runs during the actual season and focus more on the speed stuff.
After February, we back off completely for about 5-6 weeks and go back into a mini "build mode". There I'm going to take it easy on the pace and focus on getting the mileage up a little. But come second half of April we start bringing up the intensity again and I believe by early-mid May I'll start the fastest/most intense training of the year.
When the Summer season ends in early August - I get a nice long 3-month period to build back up again for the 2010 seasons. There I'm hoping to really build on the '08/'09 running and try to get the mileage up to 65-70/week.
I've never done this middle distance training before, but I'm starting to get a feel for the "pattern". I'm going to be getting more details of the training plan from coach in the next 2-weeks - I'll post it up when I know more.
- December 22, 2008 at 10:48 AM


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I thought i was the only one experiencing it. The screen turning off with a weird effect happens rarely but yeah it happens. And the blue screen effect, i noticed it only happens when im on the youtube app when the video stops working because of ...
Hey! I recently unrooted my HTC Wildfire becoz it was having battery issues! Now that I have unrooted, the battery issues are still there! I have been charging the phone for straight 5 hours and it says that battery is just 20% charged! =( Is...
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not yet, it should be working today though, sorry for the wait And dont forget to enable light on soft-key and vibration as well! Looking forward to it! :)


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French property prices: indexes and maps
Notaires-INSEE Indexes
In an economic and social context that was, to say the least, disrupted in the first quarter of 2019, older property prices in France (excluding Mayotte) continue to increase: +0.7% by relation to the fourth quarter of 2018 (seasonally adjusted provisional data), which is the same development as the previous quarter.
Over a year, the prices are slowing down slightly: +3.0%, after 3.2%. As has been observed since the end of 2016, the upturn remains greater in apartments (+3.7% in a year) than in houses (+2.5%).
In the first quarter of 2019, older property prices in Greater Paris slowed: +0.4% compared to the previous quarter, after 1.3%, while they increased in the French provinces by 0.8% compared to the previous quarter, after 0.5%.
Over a year, the prices continue to increase at a steady pace in Greater Paris: +3.9% between the first quarter of 2018 and the second quarter of 2019. In the French provinces, the upturn in prices is basically unchanged: +2.6% between the first quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019, after +2.8% and +2.7%.
This upturn is close to the one observed in Greater Paris, excluding Paris itself. These upturns should be put into perspective with regard to inflation in particular (1.2% over a year in April 2019)2 which minimises the upturn and maximises the downturn, and the regional disparities: while the upturn in prices continues in the urban areas, even strained areas, it is not the same in a good number of rural areas or areas seeking a second economic wind.
As for the investor market, the impact of the Denormandie tax exemption law, the rent cap in Paris (which could also be applied in other agglomerations) should be medium-term measures to look out for.
N.B. : Indices are extracted from "INSEE's information rapides N° 2019-136"
Median price per sq.m. for older apartments in the 1st quarter of 2019
Median selling price of older houses in the 1st quarter of 2019
Loans (Banque de France data - April 2019)
In April 2019, the growth in individual loans accelerated (+6.3% after +6.1% in March) under the combined effect of the increase in home loans (+6.2% after +6.1% in March and +6.0% in February) and consumer loans (+6.1% after +5.8% in March). The average interest rate of new home loans (long-term and fixed rate) decreased in April (1.49%, after 1.51% in March) reaching its lowest historic level in December 2018.
Reform of residence tax: cautionary statement
Since negotiations over the reform of residence tax are under way, the Association of French departments is proposing that the government reform the financing of social assistance through the creation of a solidarity fund financed by an increase of 0.2 points on inheritance tax.
In the light of the upturn in property prices, the increase in the marginal rate would be a boon for finances in French departments, the main beneficiaries of inheritance tax.
Indeed, inheritance tax to date includes a departmental portion of 4.5%, a commune portion of 1.2% and recovery costs for a total of 5.81%. This tax was already increased in 2014 by 0.7%, going from 3.8% to 4.5%. By applying this new 0.2 point helping hand requested by the departments, the total of inheritance tax would be 6.01%, the commune portion included.
Between the 1st quarter of 2011 and the 1st quarter of 2019, several annual price development phases stand out, with an overall better resistance in the apartments market (particularly bolstered by the Greater Paris market):
- 2011/2012: deceleration of the upturn around 2% (against 7% one year earlier). Apartments were more resistant, maintaining the upturn at around 4% (against less than 1% in houses);
- 2012/2015: subdued fall in price (around -2% each year);
- 2015/2016: start of the price recovery, slightly ahead for houses (with -0.4% for apartments and +0.8% for houses);
- 2016/2019: recovery of upturn in houses between 2017 and 2019, around 3% each year. Yet again, the apartments market stands out, with increases close to 4% against 2% for houses.
Consult the french property market report in interactive version
- I want to buy an apartment. My bank refused my loan. Can I ask the seller a staggered payment of the selling price?
- I buy a property for which the mandate of sale provides that the payment of real estate agency commission is the responsibility of the seller. Why is this commission included in the base for calculating notaire fees?


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Back to Archived Journals » Journal of Biorepository Science for Applied Medicine » Volume 1
Cryobanking: the brave new world of biobanking and specimen cryopreservation
Authors Bluth M
Received 10 April 2012
Accepted for publication 11 April 2012
Published 11 June 2012 Volume 2012:1 Pages 1—3
Martin H Bluth
Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
The layperson's depiction of people preservation often conjures up nefarious iterations of Jack Finney's 1954 novel, The Body Snatchers, or Ira Levin's thriller, The Boys from Brazil, where maintenance of human composition is employed for perpetuation of ill repute. Recent illustrations of animal preservation-reanimation gone wrong, such as the Jurassic Park films, further echoed such concerns. In contrast, during the 1980s, the advent of cloning morphed with cryopreservation to furnish jocularity in the form of many an Arnold Schwarzenegger film (Twins, Junior). The late 1980s and early 1990s also demonstrated a greater degree of reality-based cryopreservation, public acceptance, and clinical application in the form of cord blood-banking, stem cell transplantation, and in-situ fertilization technologies, thus positively affecting both the biobanking image and human health.1
This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.Download Article [PDF]


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Being hairy is completely normal, but because our society wants girls to be silky smooth, the struggles we go through to fit in are intense. Here are a few things every hairy girl will definitely relate to and understand.
Growing up with a lot of hair means you're bound to hear people's unsolicited opinions on your skin and how you should remove the hair on your body to look more appealing. You'll be encouraged to, more so "pressured" to shave your arms if you ever dare to wear short sleeves.
2- Finding hair removal techniques that work for you takes you all of your life
Using sweet is great for dead skin, but takes ages. Wax is faster but not as long-lasting. Shaving is the fastest but the hair grows back so prickly. You spend the majority of your adolescent and adult life figuring out which hair removal technique works best for you, and by the time you do, chances are you stopped giving a f*** what society thinks.
3- It's so time consuming
Shaving in the morning means waking up earlier, and waxing for an event requires planning ahead. So much time is wasted trying to get hairless skin. You end up wondering, is it even worth it?
4- If you're gonna wax or sweet; OUCH
Enough said, really. No matter how used you are to it, that shit hurts.
5- Gladiator Hands
If you're a warrior and do your sweet at home, you've probably had the sugary torture tool stuck all over your hands, and look a lot like this.
6- Your skin is not grateful
Not only is it painful, you skin becomes super sensitive and you end up with redness and a rash. If you're waxing your stache, chances are you're gonna tug at more than just your hair. Ingrown hairs are a b****, too.
7- Aggressive 7alawa ladies
If you can't remove hair on your own and go to a 7alawa or wax lady, chances are they're aggressive, and if you complain, she'll think innik "bititdala3i". Brace yourselves.
8- It grows back straight away
You have to (if you give in to societal pressure) shave every day. Razors never last as long as advertised because you overuse them, and you need to do your brows every week to remove the unibrow.
9- Das Expensive
Whether you are a DIY type of girl or you go to a coiffeur, hair removal is expensive AF. It's even more pricey if you want to get laser treatment and remove it permanently.
10- People think it's okay to ask you about your body hair
Especially at the coiffeur. "leh msh 3amla 7wagbik?", "tb w shanabik?". No, just no.
11- You're made to feel unnatural for being natural
Although hair growth on your body is NORMAL, people make you feel like if you don't remove your hair, you're not doing your part as a female. You quickly become apologetic for the natural state of your body hair, and it takes a lot of effort for you to accept your body as it is.


text: > > If we know XML documents need to be graphs, why are we working as if they > > are trees? Why do we have schema languages that enforce the treeness of the > > syntax rather than provide the layer to free us from it? > > This is very interesting. Most information models for XML texts > are based on a tree or the hedge model. The support for XML as > a representation for general graphs just isn't "core". I think this depends on what you mean by "core". XSLT, RDF, XLink all introduce graphs to the XML model. I would have thought this is as core as you get. This is not to mention all the auxilliary specs that introduce graphs, including the recent darling RDDL. > Certainly there are "layered" mechanisms for building graphs, > SOAP uses one method, we have the HTML href mechanism, then > we have xlink/xinclude/xpointer trio. All of these are > slightly different, no? Is this what we want? I don't follow the question. Hopefully Rick does. > By far the most interesting (and practical) thread in months, Ha. Rick must be dipping in Wulai again. -- Uche Ogbuji Principal Consultant email@example.com +1 303 583 9900 x 101 Fourthought, Inc. http://Fourthought.com 4735 East Walnut St, Ste. C, Boulder, CO 80301-2537, USA Software-engineering, knowledge-management, XML, CORBA, Linux, Python


text:
The tiny Greek chapel with a controversial secret
"I promise, you haven't seen anything like this," says Nikos Fraskos, a venerable Greek icon designer and restorer, as he struggles with the keys to a chapel's door.
I'm on Chios, a Greek island that has largely escaped the typical tourist trail. It's not because it lacks beauty, beaches or backstory; she famously boasts Homer as her progeny and guides gleefully lead you to an ancient sanctuary to the north of Chios Town and point at an eroded rock-hewn bench, the "Teacher's Stone", supposedly the spot where the poet held court.
No, the reason for the relative lack of package holidays is because the island's wealth isn't totally dependent on tourism. Chiots have always been well-off, because...


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data-layer-1.0.3: Data layering utilities. Layer is a data-type which wrapps other one, but keeping additional information. If you want to access content of simple newtype object, use Lens.Wrapper instead.
class Immersed l a where Source
immersed :: Lens' l a Source
class ImmersedM l m a where Source
viewImmersedM :: l -> m a Source
Produced by Haddock version 2.16.1


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We look for people who are focused on customer satisfaction, have a single-minded dedication.
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We provide more efficient service to the policyholders.
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We have different and unique insurance plans.
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We are committed to reporting each year about our sustainability performance.
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We have Strong and Robust Reinsurance Arrangement in Anchor Insurance.
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4, Assbifi Road. Ikeja. Lagos.
Finance, Bank, Banking, Corporate, Financial, Financial Services, Banking Finance


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eBook The Christmas Wish Quilt
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Regular Price $11.95In Ann Hazelwood's fourth novel of the Wine Country Quilts Series, Lily Rosenthal starts her holidays with a Thanksgiving Pie Party, but the holiday season truly comes alive during the Christmas Walk in her town of Augusta, Missouri. A jolly, perfect Santa Claus occupies Doc's office on her property during the event and offers children one wish for Christmas. This inspires Lily to make a Christmas Wish quilt for her newly discovered half-sister. Wishes abound throughout the holiday season until a wish to find out more about Doc, Lily's unsettled spirit, turns quite interesting. Learn More
eBook 75 Quilting Patterns: The Best of Helen's Hints
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Regular Price $16.95Popular quilting pattern designer Helen Squire, well known for her "Dear Helen, Can You Tell Me...?" series of nine pattern books, updates any quilting library with 75 of the best patterns from twenty years of "Helen's Hints," her American Quilter magazine column. Mix and match the patterns and watch secondary designs come alive. Reduce, enlarge, and play with arrangements to suit your quilt's personality. Quilt as desired? No problem; the combinations are endless! All 75 patterns are suitable for hand or machine quilting. Learn More
eBook Quilted Secrets
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Regular Price $11.95Everyone has at least one secret they carry through their lives. Lily tries to keep a secret herself as she encounters the many secrets of her quilt class, community, friends, and family members. The mystery continues with the doctor that once lived in Lily's house, whose secrets may never be known. An unexpected, life-changing secret is revealed when an estranged cousin comes to visit. Will Lily tell? Quilted Secrets is the third novel in the Wine Country Quilts Series. Electronic Book Policy: Purchaser of this eBook may not sell, rent, lease, transfer, lend or share the eBook. Digital download of this eBook is available in PDF, Mobi, and ePub format. Learn More
eBook Birds & Flowers Album
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Regular Price $14.95Soar to new appliqué heights on the wings of this amazing artist! Filled with exquisite bird and flower patterns, familiar images unite in 35 appliqué blocks. Each block features a colorful photograph, full-sized pattern, and tips for construction, fabric selection, and embroidery details. The best-known and most easily recognized backyard birds from across the country are showcased with Audubon-style quality and fascinating information about each bird accompanies the patterns. Learn More
eBook Lily Girl's Christmas Quilt
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Regular Price $11.95Lily Girl's Christmas Quilt is the second novel in Ann Hazelwood's Wine Country Quilts Series. Christmas is Lily's favorite time of year, and she cherishes each Christmas with her family. Lily attempts new challenges by making a sampler Christmas quilt, but the real Christmas quilt she so admires is beyond her reach. Thanks to a Christmas gift she receives, LIFE WITH LILY GIRL becomes a writer's dream come true. Electronic Book Policy: Purchaser of this eBook may not sell, rent, lease, transfer, lend or share the eBook. Digital download of this eBook is offered in PDF, Mobi, and ePub formats. Learn More
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Whether you are new to quilting, a veteran quilter ready to try something new, or the 'Stack-n-Whack Queen' of your guild, this one's for you! Bethany returns with 10 years of Stack-n-Whack® under her belt, ready to share innovative designs and updated methods for her fabulous technique. Try one of a dozen projects for full-size quilts using a wide variety of shapes, from simple squares and triangles to diamonds and wedges. With the basics down, you'll be ready to try your hand at your own original design. Be sure and try Bethany's Stack-n-Whack online iquilt class.Learn More
ePattern Birds in the Air
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Whether you make it red-and-white or fill it with favorite colors from your stash, this pattern (written with 3" Thangles in mind for quick and easy construction) will make a delightful 64" x 82" quilt for your wall or for snuggling. You will receive this pattern along with 11 additional patterns if you purchase the eBook Red, White & Quilted by Linda Baxter Lasco.Learn More
ePattern Uneven Nine-Patch
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Make a classic red-and-white quilt (or make it a stash buster with any other colors!) using squares of two-sizes for a unique look. The finished quilt, designed by Linda Baxter Lasco, measures 70" x 80". You will receive this pattern along with 11 additional patterns if you purchase the eBook Red, White & Quilted!Learn More
ePattern Double Nine Patch
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Make this quick and easy 48" x 60" quilt with Nine Patch blocks and you'll realize the visual impact of simplicity. The classic design by Linda Baxter Lasco leaves lots of room to play with unique quilting stitches. Want more? This pattern, along with 11 additional patterns, is yours when you purchase the eBook Red, White & Quilted!Learn More
ePattern Eight-Pointed Star
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Make a classic 45" x 45" Eight Pointed Star with this pattern from the eBook Red, White & Quilted by Linda Baxter Lasco. (Buy the digital book to receive this pattern and 11 more.) The pattern suggests the use of 1 packet of 2.5" Thangles for easy construction.Learn More


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Looking for a ranch-style new home with a great open layout? Put this home on your must-see list! Highlights include a well-designed kitchen with center island and built-in pantry, a centrally located laundry and 3-car garage. You'll also appreciate a convenient tech center, a sophisticated dining area, two inviting bedrooms and a master suite with roomy walk-in closet and well-appointed bath—boasting double sinks.
Mon.– Wed., 10 am – 6 pm
Thur., 1 pm – 6 pm
Fri.– Sat., 10 am – 6 pm
Sun., By appointment only


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Pre-assessment results for the nine research assistantship positions for the Middle East Technical University, Department of Industrial Design, announced in 31 December 2018, are below. Listed applicants will take the written examination.
Pre-assessment results:
Candidates are expected to attend to the written exam, specified below:
Date: 20 February 2019
Place: Faculty of Architecture, Room 44
Time: 9:30 – 12:30


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This exercise builds upon your sample transformation and highlights the power an integrated design environment can provide for building solutions using Agile BI.
For this example, your business users have asked to see what are the top 10 countries based on sales. Furthermore, they want the data broken down by deal size where small deals are those less than $3,000, medium sized deals are between $3,000 and $7,000, and large deals are over $7,000.


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Mid-cap stocks have historically performed well over long periods, and can be bought at cheaper valuations than large-cap and small-cap stocks.
Companies positioned in the middle market offer greater potential for growth than large-cap companies who already dominate market share within their industries. They also tend to be more stable than companies with smaller market caps.
We've developed this screen to identify growing mid-cap stocks, with indicators that the Company is currently undervalued.
Our value indicators are a mix of the common ratios used to analyze a stocks price compared to value, including: (1) Price to Book Value, (2) Price to Earnings, and (3) Revenue Multiple. Our screen also removes companies with strong warning signals, and low growth potential.
Using the DiscoverCI Stock Screener we scan for stocks daily meeting the following criteria:
Finding undervalued stocks can be hard, but these companies are a good place to start given their low valuation ratios compared to their growth and stability.
The list is sorted by market cap from high to low. Below is our list of undervalued mid-cap stocks to jumpstart your portfolio in 2019.
We update this list daily. Last updated: December 16th, 2019
Stay up to date with our latest trade ideas, stock market news, tips and posts.
We respect your privacy and take protecting it seriously.
© 2019 DiscoverCI
Disclaimer: DiscoverCI LLC is not operated by a broker, a dealer, or a registered investment adviser. Under no circumstances does any information posted on DiscoverCI.com represent a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The information on this site, and in its related application software, spreadsheets, blog, email and newsletters, is not intended to be, nor does it constitute, investment advice or recommendations. In no event shall DiscoverCI.com be liable to any member, guest or third party for any damages of any kind arising out of the use of any product, content or other material published or available on DiscoverCI.com, or relating to the use of, or inability to use, DiscoverCI.com or any content, including, without limitation, any investment losses, lost profits, lost opportunity, special, incidental, indirect, consequential or punitive damages. Past performance is a poor indicator of future performance. The information on this site, and in its related blog, email and newsletters, is not intended to be, nor does it constitute, investment advice or recommendations. The information on this site is in no way guaranteed for completeness, accuracy or in any other way.


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Chogoria Down Naro Moru Route leads Mt Kenya through Chogoria route while descend is from the Naro Moru route. The route begins at 16 km away from the Chogoria town, through the forest to Mount Meru Bandas, where there is overnight stay. The next day the trails begin from the Chogoria road crossing a stream following the broad ridge to the east of Gorges valley to reach Mintos hut.
The trek then proceeds to Point Lenana from Mintos Hut. After summiting, the trail descends Mt Kenya via Naro Moru route to the Park gate, from where you will be transferred to Nairobi.


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take action on voting reform!
Opinion is swinging in favour of proportional representation, among both Labour Party members and the wider public.
But there is still a lot of work to be done. Here's what you can do as an LCER supporter.
Everyone, no matter how busy they are, can do something!
Join LCER
Make an extra donation if you can
Encourage your friends to join as well
Ask your CLP or TU branch to affiliate
Become a speaker for LCER
We receive many requests for speakers. The more speakers we have available, the more quickly we can fulfil these requests. We provide training, support and resources for new speakers. Email us now!
Submit a Conference motion
Labour's annual conference now accepts motions on all subjects, not just contemporary resolutions. Consider sending a motion to your Trade Union conference, too -
In your local Labour Party
If your CLP hasn't yet passed a resolution on voting reform, organise a discussion and table a motion. LCER is happy to provide a speaker. Remember to notify us when the motion is passed.
In your Trade Union branch
Organise a discussion on voting reform and table a motion - we are happy to provide a speaker.
Please notify LCER when you pass a resolution, as well as your Trade Union's regional office.
Sign a petition on PR
Stay on the lookout for petitions on voting reform.
Owen Winter's petition on voting reform has gained nearly 300,000 signatures and it's still open for business!
Talk to your Labour MP
If your MP does not appear on the list of MPs and parliamentary candidates who support voting reform, engage him or her in discussion and tell them why voting reform is a priority for you. Let us know the outcome!
Spread the word!
Even people with little spare time can help spread the word! Your family, friends, neighbours and colleagues will all love to hear the arguments about voting reform. And please use social media to share articles on PR
Stay in touch
Make sure we have up-to-date contact details for you. Tell us if your CLP or union branch passes a resolution on PR. And let us know if you have skills to offer, or good ideas for campaigns.


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Mount Kailash Mystery Part 2 : https://youtu.be/-8ZJ0sBxRcc Mysterious facts of mount kailash in bengali. Is mount kailash hollow inside? is it a pyramid made by very developed civilization or alien? is it the home of hindu god shiva? is it centre of the earth? why people can't scale mount kailash? why it is impossible to reach peak of this mountain? all question will be answered in this video. If you like this video, then do share and subscribe the channel. For Part 2 of Mount kailash do'nt forget to share this video in Fb, whats group. Thanks for watching. **Connect With Me: Facebook : https://www.fb.com/youtuberdipankar Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/youtuberdipanakar #OdvutureRohosserSondhane #MountKailash #MysteriousMountain #My Motivational Channel : Inspire Young Indian https://www.youtube.com/inspireyoungindian #My Vlogging Channel : Dipankar Vlogs https://www.youtube/com/dipankarvlogs #Music Courtesy : Lightless Dawn by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100655 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ #Other Videos : 1. ভারতের সবচেয়ে ভয়ানক ভুতুড়ে জায়গা I Part - 1: https://youtu.be/Aexwf5tPzKk 2. পৃথিবীর ৫টি সবথেকে ভয়ঙ্কর ভুতুড়ে জায়গা : https://youtu.be/ruMjOQ4HXm0 3. ভূত-প্রেত কি সত্যি রয়েছে? : https://youtu.be/COdd0SHps4g 4. Super human caught on camera : https://youtu.be/krAyb8cKrmo 5. How Dinosaurs went extinct : https://youtu.be/ZMkNd_kFNYY Disclaimer- Some contents are used for educational purpose under fair use. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
Olá! Qualquer dúvida, por favor deixe-nos uma mensagem e entraremos em contato com você em breve. Tenha um bom dia


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Witcher 3 prologue mod recreates the first Witcher game
A fan has created a mod for the Witcher 3 which adds a prologue of the events of the first Witcher game, recreating them in the new engine. The Witcher 3 prologue mod is short but gives you a good idea of the events that passed. It's quite a nostalgia trip for those who have stuck around since the first game, and a must-have for those who haven't.
There's no arguing that the Witcher 3 is easily one of the best RPGs to grace the world of gaming in a long time. It shouldn't come as a surprise that a lot of people (we included) wanted to experience the entire Witcher saga after having enjoyed Witcher 3. But it's no secret that the first Witcher game looks nothing like the Witcher 3 does. We don't mean that everyone is unrecognisable but it's bad enough that it can deter people from playing them. 2007's Geralt did not look much like his present-day version at all. The Witcher 3 prologue mod, however, fixes this.
Thanks to modder Erxv, the mod adds a prologue to the Witcher 3 which gives players an idea of what happens in the first Witcher game. The rich backgrounds of the characters are one of the driving forces of the game. While the Witcher 3 does do a good job of giving you hints and clues into the backgrounds of the people you meet, it leaves you wanting to know more. What better way than to relive the first game itself. Albeit, briefly.
The mod not only recreates scenes from the first game; you also have the voiceovers from the first game. It shouldn't come as a surprise that it took them over a year to put it out. According to Erxv there's still a few scenes that need a touch-up but you can still check the mod out and download it here.
From what we've heard, CD Projekt Red has no plans of returning to the Witcher series anytime soon, but there's still hope as they said they might still revisit the world, maybe later in the future. For now, their focus is on their most immediate title, Cyberpunk 2077.
Manish "Trigger-Happy" Rajesh
If he's not gaming, he's... no wait he's always gaming.


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Career Issues, Eating Disorders Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Career Issues, Eating Disorders
If you are facing a career transition and feeling overwhelmed, don't think you are alone. Choosing a career, whether it's your first time around, or whether you've been working for twenty years, is not easy. However, thousands of people do that every year with the help of therapists who address career issues.
During tough economic times, it's even more difficult to settle on a career. Your dream career may not be the financially sound option.
If you question your career, it is time to see a good counsellor t who does career counselling. Your career counsellor will help you find the answers to these questions, and more:
Do I see my work as a job, or a career?
Do I enjoy the activities that I perform on a daily basis?
Does my career align with my personal values?
Am I playing to my strengths?
Do I have the qualifications to pursue my dream career?
Do I perform better alone, or in a group environment?
Am I able to delegate?
Do I have management skills?
Other career issues that may affect you psychologically could include sexual harassment, retrenchment, or discrimination in the workplace.
A therapist will help you deal with career issues using cognitive behavioural therapy to address limiting beliefs and attitudes, and find a career in which you can thrive. He or she can also help you to identify resources and develop skills to help you achieve your career objectives. The therapist will also help you to develop coping skills during career transitions, or when dealing with difficult career issues.
If you are looking for a counsellor or psychologist who addresses career issues you may want to search the directory to find a professional whose approach will suit you best.
Eating disorders comprise a range of attitudes and behaviors relating to food and body-image. The three main eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, and ED NOS (eating disorder not otherwise specified). These conditions manifest to different degrees in different people and can sometimes be mistakenly judged as poor eating habits, or a lack of willpower.
People with eating disorders don't eat in harmony with their bodies' needs, instead, people with Anorexia Nervosa eat much less than they need, while Bulimia sufferers binge and then induce vomiting. They may also do other things to compensate for overeating, including exercising or fasting. ED NOS combines any combination of the other two conditions.
Apart from the physical symptoms and behaviors above, someone with an eating disorder will generally also have poor self-esteem and obsessively research or talk about food, dieting or exercise. Poor body image will cause them to either wear clothes that cover up every inch of their bodies, or flaunt in order to attract attention. They will find it hard to accept criticism and compliments.
Therapy for eating disorders depend on the patient. While some people respond well to short term outpatient treatment, others respond better to long-term inpatient treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy and family therapy are long term treatments that have been proven to be effective, while group therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapies and feminist therapies work for people who will respond well to short term therapy.
Family therapy is often advised for children and adolescents who are experiencing eating disorders. Research has also shown dialectical behavioral therapy to be effective.
If you are looking for a counsellor or psychologist who addresses eating disorders, you may want to search the directory to find a professional whose approach will suit you best.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a psychological approach that deals with the way in which clients think about themselves, other people and the world. The outside world affects how we think and feel about ourselves and as a result, our behaviour. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy can help a person to change the way they think about thoughts and feelings, but it is not like other types of talk therapy.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy focuses on current issues and challenges that affect the client right now. It doesn't consider the past issues that caused distress, but rather looks for solutions that can improve the client's state of mind in the moment. Much of CBT involves looking at thought distortions that can affect mood and are affected by mood, and helps client examine and challenge distorted thinking patters.
CBT can help a range of problems, from OCD, PTSD, bulimia, stress, phobias and other issues that might seem overwhelming to the client, by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable chunks.
If you are looking for a therapist who offers Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, please browse our list of practitioners below..
Note: You may narrow your search by selecting more than one filter below.
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ICABN 2020: 14. International Conference on Advances in Biomedical Nanostructures
March 19-20, 2020 in Prague, Czechia
The International Research Conference Aims and Objectives
The International Research Conference is a federated organization dedicated to bringing together a significant number of diverse scholarly events for presentation within the conference program. Events will run over a span of time during the conference depending on the number and length of the presentations. With its high quality, it provides an exceptional value for students, academics and industry researchers.
ICABN 2020: 14. International Conference on Advances in Biomedical Nanostructures aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Advances in Biomedical Nanostructures. It also provides a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Advances in Biomedical Nanostructures
Call for Contributions
Prospective authors are kindly encouraged to contribute to and help shape the conference through submissions of their research abstracts, papers and e-posters. Also, high quality research contributions describing original and unpublished results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, or theoretical work in all areas of Advances in Biomedical Nanostructures are cordially invited for presentation at the conference. The conference solicits contributions of abstracts, papers and e-posters that address themes and topics of the conference, including figures, tables and references of novel research materials.
Guidelines for Authors
Please ensure your submission meets the conference's strict guidelines for accepting scholarly papers. Downloadable versions of the check list for Full-Text Papers and Abstract Papers.
Please refer to the Paper Submission Guideline, Abstract Submission Guideline and Author Information before submitting your paper.
Conference Proceedings
All submitted conference papers will be blind peer reviewed by three competent reviewers. The peer-reviewed conference proceedings are indexed in the Open Science Index, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Zenedo, OpenAIRE, BASE, WorldCAT, Sherpa/RoMEO, and other index databases. Impact Factor Indicators.
Special Journal Issues
ICABN 2020 has teamed up with the Special Journal Issue on Advances in Biomedical Nanostructures. A number of selected high-impact full text papers will also be considered for the special journal issues. All submitted papers will have the opportunity to be considered for this Special Journal Issue. The paper selection will be carried out during the peer review process as well as at the conference presentation stage. Submitted papers must not be under consideration by any other journal or publication. The final decision for paper selection will be made based on peer review reports by the Guest Editors and the Editor-in-Chief jointly. Selected full-text papers will be published online free of charge.
Conference Sponsor and Exhibitor Opportunities
The Conference offers the opportunity to become a conference sponsor or exhibitor. To participate as a sponsor or exhibitor, please download and complete the Conference Sponsorship Request Form.
Application Forms
Selected Papers
The Effect of Substitution of CaO/MgO and CaO/SrO on in vitro Bioactivity of Sol-Gel Derived Bioactive Glass
Zeinab Hajifathali, Moghan Amirhosseinian
Investigating the Formation of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on a Biocompatible and Antibacterial Cu/Mg-Substituted Bioglass
Elhamalsadat Ghaffari, Moghan Amirhosseinian, Amir Khaleghipour
Behavior of Current in a Semiconductor Nanostructure under Influence of Embedded Quantum Dots
H. Paredes Gutiérrez, S. T. Pérez-Merchancano
Secure Bio Semantic Computing Scheme
Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Phillip C.-Y. Sheu, Ryo Fujita, Shigeo Tsujii
Maximizing Performance of the Membranes Based on Quaternized Polysulfone/Polyvinil Alcohol for Biomedical Applications: Rheological Investigations
A. Filimon, R. M. Albu, E. Avram
Electrodeposited Silver Nanostructures: A Non-Enzymatic Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide
Mandana Amiri, Sima Nouhi, Yashar Azizan-Kalandaragh
Beta Titanium Alloys: The Lowest Elastic Modulus for Biomedical Applications: A Review
Mohsin Talib Mohammed, Zahid A. Khan, Arshad N. Siddiquee
Effect of Cr and Fe Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanostructures
Prakash Chand, Anurag Gaur, Ashavani Kumar
Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanostructures in Strong Magnetic Field
M. Kalbac, T. Verhagen, K. Drogowska, J. Vejpravova
Structural, Optical and Ferroelectric Properties of BaTiO3 Sintered at Different Temperatures
Anurag Gaur, Neha Sharma
Alignment of MG-63 Osteoblasts on Fibronectin-Coated Phosphorous Doping Lattices in Silicon
Andreas Körtge, Susanne Stählke, Regina Lange, Mario Birkholz, Mirko Fraschke, Katrin Schulz, Barbara Nebe, Patrick Elter
Photodegradation of Phenol Red in the Presence of ZnO Nanoparticles
T.K. Tan, P.S. Khiew, W.S. Chiu, S.Radiman, R.Abd-Shukor, N.M. Huang, H.N. Lim
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyacrylonitrile Composite as Novel Semi-Permeable Mixed Matrix Membrane in Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Process
M. M. Doroodmand, Z.Tahvildar, M. H.Sheikhi
Efficiency Improvements of GaAs-based Solar Cells by Hydrothermally-deposited ZnO Nanostructure Array
Chun-Yuan Huang, Chiao-Yang Cheng, Chun-Yem Huang, Yan-Kuin Su, James Chin-Lung Fang
Multi-Functional Insect Cuticles: Informative Designs for Man-Made Surfaces
Hsuan-Ming S Hu, Jolanta A Watson, Bronwen W Cribb, Gregory S Watson
Nanostructure fabrication
Nanofabrication techniques
Micro/ nano-machining and fabrication of materials for biomedical applications
Novel nanostructures as molecular nanomotors
Bioconjugation of soft nanomaterials
Nanotechnology and drug delivery
Polymeric nanoparticles and nanopore membranes for controlled drug and gene delivery
Development of nanostructures for drug delivery applications
Bioconjugated nanoparticles for ultrasensitive detection of molecular biomarkers and infectious agents
Bio-nano interfaces
Ecm interactions with cells from the meso to nanoscale
Cell behavior towards nanostructured surfaces
Cellular behavior on basement membranes inspired topographically patterned synthetic matrices.
Focal adhesions: self-assembling nanoscale mechanochemical machines that control cell function.
Controlling cell behavior via DNA and RNA transfections.
Multi-scale co-culture models for orthopaedic interface tissue engineering.
Clinical applications of nanostructures
Nanostructures for tissue engineering/regenerative medicine
Nanostructures for cancer therapy
Clinical applications of micro-and nanoscale biosensors
Nanoscale iron compounds related to neurodegenerative disorders
Application of nanotechnology into life science: benefit or risk
|Abstracts/Full-Text Paper Submission Deadline
|December 12, 2019
|Notification of Acceptance/Rejection
|December 31, 2019
|Final Paper (Camera Ready) Submission & Early Bird Registration Deadline
|February 21, 2020
|Conference Dates
|March 19-20, 2020
|Sherif H. ElGohary
|Cairo University, EG
|Nilanjan Mallik
|Shoroog Alraddadi
|Umm Al-Qura University, SA
|Nandini Sharma
|Delhi University, IN
|Zhiguang Cui
|UNC Charlotte,
|Mohsin Talib Mohammed
|Kufa University, Iraq
|Anca Filimon
|"Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romania
|Ryo Fujita
|Chuo University, Japan
|Anurag Gaur
|National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, India
|Sophio Kobauri
|Agricultural University of Georgia, GE
|Sergey Seriy
|Institute of Matherial Science, RU
|Mehdi Khodaei
|K. N. Toosi University of Technology, IR
|Somnath Biswas
|The LNM Institute of Information Technology, IN
|Bruno Henriques
|Federal University of Santa Catarina, BR
|Karla Josefina Santacruz-Gómez
|Universidad de Sonora, MX
|Prasanta Mandal
|University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, IN
|Boon Hoong Ong
|University of Malaya, MY
|Sreeparna Banerjee
|West Bengal University of Technology, IN
|Ahsanulhaq Qurashi
|King Fahd University of Petroleum and minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia, SA
|Kim Guan Saw
|Universiti Sains Malaysia, MY
|Neelov Igor
|Insitute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, RU
|University of Kota. Kota, Rajasthan, India, IN
|Mohammad Margub Abdullah Abdullah
|Nejran University, IN
|Indian Institute of technology Roorkee, IN
|JK Lakshmipat University, IN
|Volodymyr Chegel
|V.E. Lashkarev Institute of Semiconductor Phusic National Academy of Science of Ukraine, UA
|Osama Fekry
|National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, EG
|Vladimir Rumyantsev
|National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine, UA
|Lee Siang Chuah
|Universiti Sains Malaysia, MY
|Emmanuel Kymakis
|T. E. I. of Crete, GR
|Participation Type
|Early Registration Fees
|Registration Fees
|Non-Student Oral/Poster Presenter Registration
|€ 450
|€ 500
|Student Oral/Poster Presenter Registration
|€ 350
|€ 400
|Listener Registration
|€ 250
|€ 300
|Additional Paper Publication
|€ 100
All conference materials and services will be delivered digitally to the participant with the online conference management system. Conference registration includes the following digital materials and services:
- e-certificates [for Authors: Certificate of Attendance and Presentation; for Listeners: Certificate of Attendance; for Chairs: Certificate of Attendance and Appreciation; for Presenters: Certificate of Best Presentation (if conferred based appraisal)]
- e-program
- e-book
- e-name badge
- e-receipt
- e-presentation
Presentation Types:
- Physical presentation is an oral conferencing presentation that is made using digital technology including embedded digital elements ( texts, tables, graphs, or videos ) for PowerPoint sharing.
- Digital presentation is a digital conferencing presentation that is made using digital technology including embedded digital elements ( texts, tables, graphs, or videos ) for PowerPoint sharing.
Early Bird Registration
Early Bird registration is valid until 2020-02-21 23:59:59
Online Credit Card Processing
Online payment option available for author
and listener delegates.
Conference participants can make online credit card payments for conference registration fees.
Other Events
March 2021 in Prague
- Event Code: 21CZ03ICABN
- Abstract/Full-Text Paper Submission: December 12, 2019
- Notification of Acceptance/Rejection: December 31, 2019
- Final Paper and Early Bird Registration: February 21, 2021
- Conference Date: March 22-23, 2021


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Photo Source
Whether you're embarking on a major remodel or simply completing some minor updates throughout the house, just about every home project has its fair share of struggles. We all tend to have the mindset that renovations are pretty straightforward and can be completed in as little as a week or two (maybe it's all that HGTV that makes it seem so much easier than it really is!) The reality is that even the simplest home projects often turn out to be more complicated than initially expected. It's usually at the point of no return when you realize it's not going to be the piece of cake you had hoped for. This can certainly be a humbling experience; to realize you're going to need some help to get the job done right (we've all been there!)
If your home is past due for a face-lift and you're ready to get serious about remodeling, consider these 5 hidden ways you might sabotage your own remodel, and how to avoid making it harder than it has to be:


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Traffic Nightmare At Sliema Car Park As Angry Shoppers Are Jammed At A Standstill For More Than An Hour
Clarification: An earlier version of this article incorrectly referred to the car park in question as belonging to The Point Shopping's Mall. It turns out that the incident occurred within the car park of Midi which is not managed by The Point even though shoppers tend to use this car park when they are heading to the shopping mall. The error is regretted. No further issues have been reported since publishing.
Last-minute Christmas shoppers are stuck in a nightmarish traffic jam throughout the car park at Tigne Point.
It is not yet clear what has caused the standstill traffic but infuriated shoppers have spent more than hour hooting at each other and trying to find a way out of the busy car park.
The car park is teeming with cars which an hour ago were looking to find parking or looking to leave, yet now can't do anything at all.
A shopper told Lovin Malta, "I've been stuck on level -4 at the car park for half an hour and counting. People have given up and switched off their engines."
This shopper was done and ready to go home, but as soon as she started to leave the car park, traffic halted to an "absolute standstill." Those drivers stuck in traffic may have to pay a heftier price than what they were planning, due to the time spent inside the car park.
The Point said the traffic jam was caused by a crash at the Midi car park.
Infuriated drivers have reached out to Lovin Malta, with one warning that "I went in to find parking and instead I've been stuck for 45 minutes. Everything at a standstill."