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Huge playoff implications are on the line Sunday afternoon as the Minnesota Vikings travel east to take on the New England Patriots. While both franchises have been in existence since the 1960's, this will be only the 13th time these teams have met with New England leading the all-time series 8-4.
The most memorable of these matchups occurred back in 1994 when the Vikings visited Foxboro and took a commanding 20-3 half time lead over the Patriots. While the season seemed lost at that point, a young Drew Bledsoe led the Patriots back in the second half and threw a 14 yard touchdown pass to FB Kevin Turner to beat Minnesota 26-20 in overtime. That game was the beginning of a 7 game winning streak for the Patriots which led them back to the playoffs for the first time in eight seasons.
Of course, that was a long time ago.
The Vikings (6-4-1) enter this game having beaten their division rival Green Bay Packers last Sunday to keep their playoff hopes alive. While there was much preseason hype on what a powerhouse the Vikings would be this year, they have been plagued with inconsistency on both sides of the ball.
The Patriots (8-3), having won 7 of their last 8 games, find themselves in their usual spot at the top of the AFC East and, thanks to the Steelers awful play calling, find themselves sitting in the #2 playoff spot in the AFC. Though New England seems poised to make the playoffs for a 10th consecutive year, this team clearly hasn't looked like the dominant version of the Patriots that we have seen in years past.
Both teams look to build on big Week 11 victories so in yet another futile attempt to be non-bias and analytical, both teams were broken down in key areas to see how they will match up against each other and which one may have the key to a victory.
Quarterback – PUSH: Yes…You read that right. While it's easy to give Tom Brady the edge every week, no one can deny that Kirk Cousins is having an excellent season.
Running Backs – PATRIOTS: The Patriots running backs have produced almost 600 more yards from scrimmage and 11 more touchdowns than their Vikings' counterparts.
Wide Receivers – VIKINGS: As wide receiver combos go in the NFL, the Vikings may have the best all-around duo in Adam Thielen and Stefon Diggs this season.
Tight Ends – PATRIOTS: Even with missing several games this season, Rob Gronkowski has over 100 more receiving yards than all of the Vikings' tight ends combine. While it's still a week to week waiting game to see if Gronkowski is healthy, when he has been on the field he has been productive.
Offensive Line – PATRIOTS: Even though the Patriots offensive line will have the tougher job on Sunday, to this point in the season they are run blocking and protecting the passer much better than their Vikings counterparts
Defensive Front Seven – VIKINGS: Strangely enough, the really isn't that much difference in both front seven groups in regards to stopping the run. However, the real separation is with Minnesota's ability to get to the passer. They are currently tied for 3rd in the NFL with 36 sacks this season.
Secondary – VIKINGS: Surprisingly, New England's secondary is performing better in several key areas than the Vikings including: Allowed Completion Percentage, Allowed Quarterback Rating, and Interceptions. Where the Vikings really separate themselves is in the yards allowed and touchdowns allowed.
Special Teams – PATRIOTS: Overall the Patriots return yards, both kickoff and punt return, are significantly higher than the Vikings. Additionally Minnesota has struggled this season converting field goals. This would be a great time for Cordarrelle Patterson to have a big game versus the team that drafted him.
Coaching – PATRIOTS: Now in his 5th season as Vikings Head Coach, Mike Zimmer has built one of the top defenses in the NFL. Entering this season, Minnesota was considered to be one of the top teams in the NFC and certainly a legitimate Super Bowl contender. However the Vikings have been wildly inconsistent this year starting off 1-2-1 including an awful home loss to the Buffalo Bills. While they have rebounded pulling themselves above .500, they have been alternating wins and losses since the end of October. For Patriots, Bill Belichick does what he normally does and figures out ways to mask the deficiencies that his roster may have.
If we assign 2 points for every category (1 point per team for draws) this is how it lines up:
Betting Line: Patriots -4.5
Key's to a Patriots Victory:
1) Force the Vikings to Run the Ball: While the Vikings have one of the most potent passing games in the NFL, they are currently ranked 30th in the NFL in running the ball. New England needs to show 5, 6, or even 7 defensive back looks and see if Minnesota has the patience to stick to their running game which they have not demonstrated so far this year.
2) Find a Pass Rush: The Patriots pass rush has been almost non-existent this season. This week they are facing an offensive line that has been erratic at best at both run and pass blocking. New England needs to mix up their blitz packages in passing situations to try and exploit that weakness.
3) Use the Short Passing Game: While running the ball is always the best way to slow down a pass rush, the Patriots shouldn't shy away from using a short, quick passing attack against the Vikings. This will not only keep the defense off balance but may even give the Patriots pass catchers the opportunity to break a long gain.
While at the beginning of the Season this looked like a Super Bowl preview, inconsistent play by both teams certainly has taken the luster off this match up. However, playoff stakes are high for both teams so there is certainly a lot of importance riding on the outcome of this game.
With a strong possibility of rain on Sunday, look for a relatively slow game where field position or a key special teams play weighs significantly on the outcome.
The Knuckles Prediction: Patriots 24 – Vikings 21
Huge playoff implications are on the line Sunday afternoon as the Minnesota Vikings travel east to take on the New England Patriots. While both franchises have been in existence since the 1960's, this will be only the 13th time these teams have met with New England leading the all-time series 8-4.


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MELBOURNE, Australia � Former and reigning Wimbledon winners Maria Sharapova and Petra Kvitova will meet in the Australian Open semifinals after both won in straight sets today.
Sharapova won 6-2, 6-3 against fellow Russian Ekaterina Makarova, who knocked out five-time champion Serena Williams in the previous round.
Kvitova earlier reached the semifinals at Melbourne Park for the first time with a 6-4, 6-4 win over unseeded Italian Sara Errani.
Kvitova beat Sharapova in last year�s Wimbledon final to claim her first Grand Slam title.
�Obviously it was a tough one at Wimbledon,� Sharapova said. �She�s full of confidence and playing the best tennis right now. I look forward to it.�
Sharapova and Kvitova also kept alive their chances of claiming the top ranking, which Caroline Wozniacki will vacate on Monday after her quarterfinal loss to Kim Clijsters.
The fourth-seeded Sharapova must repeat her 2008 Australian title win. Kvitova only has to match or better the run of Victoria Azarenka, the only other player still in the running this week for the No. 1 spot.
Sharapova has dropped one set and lost 21 games en route to her first Australian Open semifinal since she won the 2008 final � the last of her three major titles.
�It�s been a long road back to this stage,� said Sharapova, who spent 10 months off court with a shoulder injury that required surgery later in 2008.
Kvitova was far from her best against an opponent making her debut in a Grand Slam quarterfinal, and with a 0-24 record against top-10 players. The second-seeded Czech made 44 errors and had to come back from a break down in the second set.
In the men�s bracket, two-time runner-up Andy Murray moved into the semifinals early today with a 6-3, 6-3, 6-1 win over Kei Nishikori.
Murray will next meet either defending champion Novak Djokovic or No. 5 David Ferrer.
No. 4-ranked Murray has lost back-to-back finals at Melbourne Park.

subset: commoncrawl


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philiprexing necesitaba un nuevo diseño de Logo y paquete de redes sociales y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 172 diseños de 25 diseñadores freelance.
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Cross Pointe is a new church being planted in a medium sized community. We seek to reach people of all ages, but especially younger families and young adults. We hope to provide an open and comfortable place, where people can come together in support of each other.
The logo that I want is one that represents a great brand. I want a clean, modern, sleek logo design that has a somewhat rustic café appeal to it. It should reflect who we are and resonate with the members of our community. We are a Christian church that seeks to provide a spiritual home for all people. Our Target audience is 18 to 45 years old. Incorporating a cross into the design is not entirely necessary, but up to you. We want a clean and fresh looking logo. We want our logo to appeal to this 18-45 demographic. We want something simple that could translate well into other ministries (kids, youth, outreach, additional church sites, etc.) to form a clean, professional identity that will resonate with the culture. I'd love to see logos have a modern design that will look great on t-shirts, signage, and other promotional items. As far as the name goes, you can try making "Cross Pointe" one word. The word "Church" doesn't necessarily have to be in the design. Our vision statement is "Unique Unified Unashamed Unrelenting." You could try to include this as an option if you want.


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This is a story about love, friendship, ambition, betrayal and fearsome weapons.
I hope Cheron would become a good brother to Qin Wentian
Charm 100 (~♡•♡)~
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this time finish the job...
RIP Gamma
people are not animals who willingly sell themselves off. Use ur fkn brain for once. People are either forced into prostitution or that is their last resort in order to support themselves or family. You would do better to think before u write some dumass sh*t like that
*Meanwhile in the real world * The class rep : I miss him !🤣🤣
no, hes just the acting tough king
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Event DetailsBorn: November 14, 1975, Fontana, California
Formerly the drummer of the ska group The Aquabats, he left mid tour in 1998 to join Blink-182, replacing Scott Raynor. In 2002 Tim Armstrong of Rancid invited Travis to play in his new side band the Transplants. During this same time while Blink was on a break after heavy touring, he joined Tom DeLonge's side project Box Car Racer. After the announcement of their break up in late 2003, Travis continued to work with Blink and the Transplants. Blink announced their "indefinite hiatus" in February of 2005, just 15 months after the release of their last album. The Transplants also announced their break up after the 2005 Warped Tour.
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Travis is still in Blink-182, Antemasque, Goldfinger and Transplants, is often the supporting drummer for Yelawolf, and is still recording hip-hop music as a side project.


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tag:theconversation.com,2011:/us/topics/distrust-13455/articles Distrust – The Conversation 2018-11-29T11:42:05Z tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/107483 2018-11-29T11:42:05Z 2018-11-29T11:42:05Z Youth violence: rise could be linked to British people's growing distrust of authority
There has been a surge in violent crime across the UK during 2018, including a 22% increase in knife crime and an 11% rise in gun crime. Homicide rates have hit their highest point in over a decade. In London alone, there have been 123 homicides so far this year, including 70 fatal stabbings and 14 shootings.

Politicians, journalists and experts have blamed a wide range of factors for this upswing in violence: gangs, drill music, drug turf wars, austerity, police cuts and dwindling youth services. But having researched serious youth violence in London for more than a decade, we believe that the root of this issue goes far deeper.

Studies have shown that when the public's trust in the government and its elected officials goes down, violence goes up. In other words, if people feel society is unfair, they are less inclined to play by the rules and more likely to lash out violently.

Losing legitimacy?

From the handling of Brexit to the fire at Grenfell tower, the miscarriage of justice at Hillsborough and the Windrush scandal, there are plenty of reasons why British people might distrust their political leaders.

And due to the rise of "fake news", there's also growing distrust of the institution designed to hold elected officials to account – the media. Social media platforms – plagued by extremism, trolling and disinformation – kindle and spread moral outrage, whether it's based on real events or not.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/247940/original/file-20181129-170229-jofpsw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/247940/original/file-20181129-170229-jofpsw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247940/original/file-20181129-170229-jofpsw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247940/original/file-20181129-170229-jofpsw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247940/original/file-20181129-170229-jofpsw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247940/original/file-20181129-170229-jofpsw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247940/original/file-20181129-170229-jofpsw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Angry reacts abound. photo_pw/Shutterstock.

For people of colour – who are disproportionately the victims and perpetrators of knife crime in London – the casual racism they encounter every day on social media can make the world feel especially unfair and unstable.

The annual trust barometer survey by PR firm Edelman found that British people hold "little hope for the immediate future". And while trust in traditional broadcasters and publishers has risen significantly, more people are switching off from news, and overall levels of trust in government, media and business are flat lining. And that's before the Cambridge Analytica data scandal or the recent Brexit negotiations.

In a social and political climate such as this, combined with the strains of austerity, the small disagreements, indignities and disappointments, which people might otherwise brush off, enrage them. And this creates scope for the two principal forms of aggressive behaviour – defensive rage and predatory attack — to emerge.

A trust deficit

As violence has risen, the proportion of offences for which police have identified the culprit has fallen, and this further erodes civilians' trust in authority. In 2017, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary described the shortage of police investigators — including detectives — as a "national crisis". Even London's Metropolitan Police Service is short some 700 detectives.

In October 2018, MPs warned that police could become "irrelevant" with so few officers on the beat. Many neighbourhoods with high crime are already inclined to distrust police, owing to their experiences of abuse and institutional racism. When police fail to solve crime, people will often bypass law enforcement altogether, instead using violence to resolve disputes.

Not only that, growing tensions between police and communities can lead to further criminality, because successful police work depends heavily on cooperation with the public. When police fail to provide sufficient deterrence to crime, some people feel they can stab and shoot without fear.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/247938/original/file-20181129-170226-1gv8baa.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/247938/original/file-20181129-170226-1gv8baa.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=399&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247938/original/file-20181129-170226-1gv8baa.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=399&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247938/original/file-20181129-170226-1gv8baa.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=399&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247938/original/file-20181129-170226-1gv8baa.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=501&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247938/original/file-20181129-170226-1gv8baa.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=501&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/247938/original/file-20181129-170226-1gv8baa.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=501&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Police in the aftermath of the 2011 riots. Dutourdumonde Photography/Shutterstock.

Just as widespread anger and frustration at police was part of what triggered the 2011 UK riots, a crisis of legitimacy might well be the catalyst for rising violence today.

What's past is prologue

History is important here. In London, 54 teenagers were stabbed to death throughout 2007 and 2008. Then, as now, people scrambled to explain the trend, accusing "broken families" and "black culture". But 2007 and 2008 were also times of deep distrust. The global financial crisis and the resulting recession confirmed civilians' worst fears that the strength of the economy was compromised by the risky behaviours of financial institutions deemed "too big to jail".

Young people leaving school and entering the labour market for the first time were the hardest hit, and today their future still looks uncertain – thanks in part to mounting student debt and the end of free movement. And when feelings of distrust course through society, young people who have experienced severe adversity in their lives already, or who have been let down by institutions in the past, are especially vulnerable.

The root of the problem is that people don't like division and uncertainty. They are frustrated, angry; and with no outlet for that anger, and no legal recourse, violence continues to creep upward. Some have directed their anger outward to assault and homicide. Others have directed it inward in the form of self harm and suicide — also increasingly prevelant among Britian's youth.

It's not enough to approach rising violence as a public health problem, which could be solved with appropriate investment in social safety nets such as youth services, social care and early intervention. Government officials and institutions must also act with integrity and moral courage.

People need to believe that others are operating in their best interests; that violent offenders will be held accountable; and that better days are ahead. That's why the first step towards reducing violence is repairing public trust in authority.

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 When people don't trust the government, the media or police, they are less inclined to play by the rules and more likely to lash out violently. James Densley, Associate of the Extra-Legal Governance Institute, University of Oxford Michelle Lyttle Storrod, PhD Candidate, Rutgers University Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/67814 2017-01-12T02:12:32Z 2017-01-12T02:12:32Z Does your smartphone make you less likely to trust others?

Does our dependence on smartphones harm our social fabric? Alone with phone via shutterstock.com

Imagine you are visiting a new city and get lost on your way to that famous must-see museum. In times of yore – actually just about 10 years ago – you might have had to consult a friendly local to direct you. Today, with all the friendly locals still very much around you on the street, you might find yourself reaching for the powerful fountain of information in your pocket – your smartphone. Directions to the museum, recommendations for the best places to have lunch and much more are literally at your fingertips, anytime and anywhere you go.

Such convenient access to information is no doubt useful. Our map apps might well be more reliable (and more likely to be in our native language) than the confusing directions of a stranger. And we run zero risk of getting into an unpleasant interpersonal interaction. But could there be costs to this technological convenience?

Contrary to people's expectations, casual social interactions even with strangers can be surprisingly enjoyable, and a powerful tool in building a sense of connection, community and belonging. Economists sometimes refer to these impalpable links that hold society together as "social capital." But as intangible as they may be, these bonds between members of a society have very real consequences. When trust between people in a country goes up, for example, so does economic growth. At the individual level, people who trust others more also tend to have better health and higher well-being.

Could our increasing reliance on information from devices, rather than from other people, be costing us opportunities to build social capital? To examine this question, my collaborator Jason Proulx and I looked at the relationship between how frequently people used their phones to obtain information and how much they trusted strangers.

We looked at data from the World Values Survey – a large nationally representative U.S. poll. Respondents reported how frequently they obtained information from various sources, including TV, radio, the internet, other people and their mobile phones. We found that the more often Americans used their phones to obtain information, the less they trusted strangers. They also reported feeling less trust in their neighbors, people from other religions, and people of other nationalities. Importantly, using phones for information had no bearing on how much people trusted their friends and family.

It's the phone, really

This pattern of results suggests that there is something about relying on phones for information that might be eroding trust specifically in "outsiders." It could be that by substituting screen time for interactions with strangers, we are forgoing opportunities to build a general sense of trust in others.

But another possibility is that there is nothing special about obtaining information through phones. Rather, the information we consume – regardless of the medium – might somehow lead us to trust others less. To be sure, mass media is replete with stories about the negative elements of human nature – from wars to terrorism and crime. Perhaps, then, it is the information itself that is eroding trust.

However, we found that getting information from other media – such as TV, radio and newspapers – was associated with trusting others more, not less. It was even true for people who got their information online over the internet but through a laptop computer rather than a mobile device. This pattern points the finger right back at our phones.

So what's unique about phones? They provide access to on-demand information unrivaled by any other device or medium. If you tried to use your laptop to obtain directions, you will first need to find internet access, somewhere to sit or put the laptop as you search, and so forth. With your phone, all you need to do is take it out of your pocket, tap a few times, and be on your way. In the evolutionary tree of information technology, smartphones are an entirely new species, allowing access to on-demand information anywhere we go – even when a friendly stranger is passing us by right as we need directions or a local recommendation.

Double-checking ourselves

Frankly, these results surprised us. We were skeptical, and did everything we could think of to identify other, nonphone reasons that might be causing the results we got. We adjusted for a wide range of demographic variables, like age, sex, income, education, employment status and race. We explored whether where people lived might be involved: Maybe people in rural regions used phones less due to poorer coverage, or trusted people more than people in urban regions – or both.

But even when we accounted for all of these differences, people who used their phones to get information trusted strangers less.

Of course, no matter how we look at this correlational data, we can't clearly establish cause and effect – just a noteworthy commonality. It is certainly possible that people who trust outsiders less also become more likely to use their phones for information. But if this is true, we might be in the midst of a vicious cycle: As the wider public increasingly relies on smartphones for information, we might be missing opportunities to cultivate a sense of trust; then, because we trust others less, we might rely on our phones even more. This possibility would be worth exploring in the future.

So is it time to go back to our flip phones? Not so quickly, perhaps. The effects we observed were relatively small, accounting only for a few percent in how much people trust others.

But even a tiny statistical effect can have great practical significance. Consider the effect of aspirin on reducing heart attacks. Taking aspirin daily has a tiny effect on reducing risk of heart attack, explaining as little as 0.1 percent of the probability of having a heart attack. Yet, when used by millions of people, it can save thousands of lives. Similarly, small factors that reduce trust might have large effects on our lives and our society.

As information technology continues to make our lives easier, our findings highlight the possible social costs of constant information access: By turning to convenient electronic devices, people may be forgoing opportunities to foster trust – a finding that seems particularly poignant in the present political climate.

Kostadin Kushlev has received funding from the Vanier Graduate Scholarship--a scheme of the Government of Canada.
 The more often Americans used their phones to obtain information, the less they trusted strangers. How can this be, and what does it mean? Kostadin Kushlev, Research Associate in Psychology, University of Virginia Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/49825 2016-02-29T11:00:18Z 2016-02-29T11:00:18Z Why has trust in charities been declining?

What gives? Cheque by Shutterstock

Charitable giving is big business, with many organisations handling millions in revenue. But big charities have come under fire for issues from bad accounting to actually doing more harm than good. In the first of our short series on The Problem with Big Charity, Jonathan Garton looks at the importance of trust.

Many of us regularly donate to charity in order to do good. From rare diseases to abused animals and cancer research, each year we donate around £10 billion to a diverse range of causes such as homelessness, cancer research and animal abuse. In the US, donations are as high as US$358 billion.

But trust in big charity is falling, rocked by stories from aggressive fundraising practices – blamed for the death of a 92-year-old woman – and allegations of mismanagement, to reports of huge cash surpluses and sizeable funds spent on administration. Indeed, research published by the Charities Aid Foundation in September 2015 suggested that public trust in charities had fallen significantly in the past year.

When asked in 2014 whether most charities are trustworthy and act in the public interest 71% of over 1,100 people agreed, a figure broadly in line with previous years. In 2015, this had fallen to just 57%.

A decline in trust is perhaps unsurprising in light of such negative, high-profile stories. It is important to remember that the majority of the public still consider most charities to be trustworthy, but that doesn't mean we should be complacent – and we ought to be concerned by any decline in the reputation of the charitable sector.

Any organisation that relies on donations generates an information gap between those who fund its activities and those who benefit from them, which makes it difficult for us to judge the extent to which our donations are put to effective use or make an independent assessment of their quality. This information gap can be exacerbated by geographical considerations, as with a charity that provides disaster relief on the other side of the world, and also by time, as when a charity accumulates reserves to spend at some future time. Certain charitable services, such as the provision of education or social welfare, can also be difficult to evaluate meaningfully on anything other than a long-term basis, regardless of whether they are funded by donations or by charging fees.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/102210/original/image-20151117-4973-1994m0a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/102210/original/image-20151117-4973-1994m0a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/102210/original/image-20151117-4973-1994m0a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/102210/original/image-20151117-4973-1994m0a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/102210/original/image-20151117-4973-1994m0a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/102210/original/image-20151117-4973-1994m0a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/102210/original/image-20151117-4973-1994m0a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 A love of charities. www.shutterstock.com

This is why the law subjects charity trustees to a range of duties designed to prevent abuses of power, such as the duty to account for the stewardship of the charity's assets, the duty to participate actively in the charity's management, and the duty to plough any profit back into the charity's services and not distribute it to private hands. There is also an overarching duty to act only in the best interests of the charity in the course of their trusteeship.

Carrying out these legal duties can in itself lead to negative publicity, such as when the Church of England chases people for payments for chancel repairs to local churches, which it has argued in the past must be done by trustees "to exercise their powers in its best interests", or when charities such as the RSPCA are forced to defend their interests when families challenge wills that have left them out an inheritance in favour of a charitable cause or other legal challenges over estates.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/113198/original/image-20160229-4074-aiwguk.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/113198/original/image-20160229-4074-aiwguk.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=352&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/113198/original/image-20160229-4074-aiwguk.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=352&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/113198/original/image-20160229-4074-aiwguk.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=352&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/113198/original/image-20160229-4074-aiwguk.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=442&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/113198/original/image-20160229-4074-aiwguk.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=442&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/113198/original/image-20160229-4074-aiwguk.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=442&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 shutterstock. Court by Shutterstock

However, this does not mean that trustees always behave and safeguards are only effective if trustees are held to account when they breach them. But the information gap can mean that donors with an incentive to seek redress against breaches of duty are unaware when they occur. The regulatory agency, the Charity Commission, can investigate suspected breaches and take corrective action, although it has been criticised in some quarters for being slow to act when concerns are raised, as in the recent case of the Cup Trust.

In the case of fundraising, there is also legislation regulating the conditions under which professional fundraisers are permitted to solicit donations on behalf of charities, and if the current charities bill becomes law this will be expanded so that the public, and vulnerable people in particular, are shielded from aggressive tactics and unreasonable intrusions into their privacy.

Rules and regulations, though, are a double-edged sword. Some oversight is desirable but charities must remain independent from government interference if they are to offer the public a meaningful alternative to services provided by the public sector. They must also remain free to innovate, even if this carries with it a possible reputational risk. It was the charitable sector that gave us the first schools, the first public libraries and the first hospitals: we cannot know what other firsts we will miss if charitable activity is overly stifled by the regulatory framework in which it operates. But this should not distract us from the importance of regaining the public's trust in charities: a sustained decline would be at the expense of the sector's effectiveness and would leave society poorer for it.

Jonathan Garton does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 Potential donors must able to put their trust in charities. Jonathan Garton, Professor of Law, University of Warwick Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/48570 2015-10-05T19:00:39Z 2015-10-05T19:00:39Z Who you gonna trust: how power affects our faith in others
One of the ongoing themes of the current presidential campaign is that Americans are becoming increasingly distrustful of those who walk the corridors of power – Exhibit A being the Republican presidential primary, in which three of the top four candidates are outsiders of Washington.

Yet at the same time, these three – Donald Trump, Ben Carson and Carly Fiorina – are very powerful in their own way, be it as a billionaire entertainment and real estate mogul, a neurosurgeon and conservative media pundit or a former corporate chief executive officer.

So what makes us place trust in powerful people? We performed four studies on the nexus between power and trust and found some surprising results.

Rational actor theory

Typically, when asked, many people will be reluctant to admit that they would place blind trust in somebody who is in a high-power position. Too many stories of politicians and top executives abusing their power run through the media. Making oneself vulnerable to such power holders thus doesn't seem like the sensible choice.

Rational actor theories agree with this anecdotal wisdom: they suggest that people will be trustworthy toward someone else only if being so is instrumental in maintaining that relationship. Given that powerful people tend to have many partners to choose from, they place – relatively speaking – less value in any particular relationship, reducing the likelihood that they will behave in a trustworthy fashion.

In other words, powerful individuals can afford to betray others – they can always find new people to work with. Rational actor theories further assume that the less powerful party to an exchange will predict this behavior and, as a result, place less trust in their more powerful counterpart.

However, our research shows that this is not the case. In fact, we observe exactly the opposite pattern. Over a wide variety of different experimental paradigms and measures, we find that less powerful actors place more trust in others than more powerful actors do. That is, trust is greater when power is low rather than high.

In a negotiation setting, for example, low-power negotiators perceived their partners to be more trustworthy than high-power negotiators did. In an investment game, low-power players entrusted their partners with more money than did high-power players.

But why would that be the case? Why didn't we find results consistent with predictions from rational actor theories?

Studies in power and trust

We conducted four experiments that tested whether being in a weaker or stronger power position is linked to differences in trust perceptions and behaviors.

Study one used an established negotiation task, in which participants were asked to negotiate over a consignment of cellphones. We put participants either in a low- or high-power position, depending on the viability of their fall-back option (another buyer) in case the negotiations with the partner failed. Negotiators in the high-power position trusted their negotiation partner significantly less (as measured through a perceptual survey scale of trust) than did participants in the low-power condition.

Study two was based on an investment task (also known as the "trust game"), in which participants had the option to either keep a monetary endowment to themselves or invest it in a partner, in which case the money was tripled, but it would be up to the partner to decide whether to send back some of the money or keep all the money to him- or herself. Some participants were put in the position of the "power player," enabling them to switch partners if they wanted to. We found that power players sent significantly less money – and thus trusted less – than non-power players.

Studies three and four both used a scenario in which participants assumed the role of a typist offering services to a new potential client. They could either provide a free sample to the client and thus trust that the client would come back with follow-up jobs or they could save their time and not provide a free sample (and thus not trust the client). Participants were given several pieces of information about themselves and the new client, for example, specifying how urgently needed the typing business is for them and how much the client depended on their services, which allowed us to manipulate power.

In both studies, participants in the high-power condition were significantly less trusting. Study four furthermore provided insight into the causal chain connecting power and trust. It revealed that having low power amplifies people's hope that their exchange partner will turn out to be benevolent, which then leads to their decision to trust.

Motivated cognition

In sum, people who lack power are motivated to see their partner as more trustworthy in order to avoid the anxiety inherently attached to their feelings of dependence. This is known as "motivated cognition."

These power-disadvantaged actors thus effectively protect themselves by perceiving power holders in a positive light, even if little or no relevant information would support such perceptions. Their hope that their powerful partner will be trustworthy dominates their cognition and decision-making.

The powerful partner, on the other hand, has no reason to engage in significant motivated cognition. In sum, the decision to place trust seems to be based more on one's motivation to protect oneself from unwanted realities than on relatively rational calculations of the other party's deliberations.

Power inequities

Our results bring new insight into the drivers of trust decisions. Trust is a critical ingredient in successful social exchange. But the threat of misplacing one's trust and suffering the detrimental consequences of a breach make trust risky. Thus, researchers have paid considerable attention to the factors that facilitate or hinder trust in various settings.

However, one potentially important source of variation in trust had received little attention so far – namely, power. This is surprising, since many, if not most, trust relationships involve nontrivial power inequalities between exchange partners. Examples include relationships between patients and doctors, students and professors, employees and supervisors, and small and large firms.

It is well-known that behavior in social exchange relationships is significantly affected by power inequalities that involve one actor depending on the other. The prevalence of power inequalities in relationships in which trust is critical led us to ask: does having power or lacking power increase or decrease an actor's tendency to place trust in others? Our results provide a clear answer to this question. They show that people low in power are significantly more trusting than more powerful people and that this effect can be explained by motivated cognition.

Trust and government

Our findings can be applied to a variety of settings, including the public's institutional trust in powerful entities such as governments. Recent findings show that many power holders are actually admired and even seen in a very positive light.

Yet this seemingly high trust in power holders contradicts the low levels of trust people have in their leaders. Americans consistently show very little trust in the federal government, with just 24% saying they trust it in 2014.

A possible explanation for these divergent perspectives is provided by social distance. Following this idea, while self-reported trust in anonymous political decision makers in far-away Washington may be at all-time lows, trust in local politicians with whom people have interpersonal interactions is often high.

To conclude, on the most general level, our findings may help better understand why societies with stark hierarchical differences can be functioning and enduring. In a counterfactual world where people low in power would refuse to place trust in power holders, many of the advantages of hierarchies (such as improved coordination, reduced conflict and stability) might not be attainable. These considerations underline the centrality of "irrational" acts of trust for the existence of a relatively stable society.

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 Rational actor theories suggest the powerless should be reluctant to trust the powerful, but studies show we tend to do just that. Martin Reimann, Assistant Professor of Marketing, University of Arizona Oliver Schilke, Assistant Professor of Management and Organizations, University of Arizona Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/40385 2015-04-29T00:44:36Z 2015-04-29T00:44:36Z Spying on your kid's phone with Teensafe will only undermine trust

How will they feel if they find their parents are monitoring their every online movement? Kat N.L.M./Flickr, CC BY-NC

There is a growing market in software that can be used by parents to track their child's mobile phone and internet activity. The Teensafe app, recently launched in Australia, is one such app that has prompted renewed debate around issues such as children's privacy and parental rights and responsibilities.

The app works by allowing parents to remotely monitor activity on their child's phone, including text messages, web browsing history and social media use on Facebook or Instagram. It also tells the parents their child's current location and location history of the phone.

The presence of this app cannot be detected on the phone, so the only way the child will know they are being monitored is if their parent chooses to tell them.

Police and cyber safety experts have cautioned parents against using this type of monitoring due to the potential impact on trust in the parent/child relationship.

The impact on trust

If a parent does not tell the child they are being monitored, and the child finds out, this is likely to be experienced as a breach of trust. Even if a parent lets their child know they are being monitored, children will often take this as a message that they cannot be trusted. In either scenario, several problems can arise.

One of these is that the child may simply use another phone, or a friend's phone, in which case parents are left with a false sense of security and no knowledge of the risks the child may be taking.

Perhaps more significantly is the risk to the relationship between parent and child. One of the widely recognised features of trust is that it takes time to build, but can be easily broken and once broken can be difficult to rebuild. If a child loses trust in a parent, then this may leave the child feeling isolated and ultimately lacking the very support they need to negotiate the genuine risks they may encounter.

There may also be flow-on effects to the child's friendships. This app allows parents to view the messages a child receives from others, as well as contacts and the child's Facebook activity, including posts and messages. This capacity to monitor the child's wider friendship circle may therefore interfere with the way a child goes about building relationships with others.

The value of trust

Trust lies at the heart of our relationships with others. The things we value, such as family and friends, are grounded in some level of mutual trust. Furthermore, most of daily activities often require us to place trust in people we do not know or may never meet. For example, we trust that others will obey the road rules each time we drive, walk or ride a bike in public spaces.

Coming to understand what it means to place trust in someone, the reasons we might do this and how to make judgements about when it is reasonable to trust, are all important in navigating everyday interactions.

Trusting others is not always easy. It is a risky business. When we entrust others, we leave ourselves vulnerable and open to the potential for hurt or harm to something we care about. Yet, unless we take these risks, trust has no place to start from.

For children, having another person trust them can also act as an expression of confidence. Giving children gradual opportunities to be trusted helps them find their own way through things, even if at times this means making mistakes.

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 Some of the features included in the Teensafe app. Teensafe

The limitations of tracking and monitoring apps

Companies such as Teensafe trade on an assumption that it is possible to protect children from all risks and that the way to do this is to watch every move so as to avert or intercept potential harm.

These types of messages feed into the culture of fear about the dangers children face. It also goes against the growing body of evidence that shows that – unless trusted to take risks – children are losing the very skills they need to navigate the world and deal with the genuine risks they will encounter.

This is not to say we should trust children blindly and neglect our responsibility to protect them from harm. It is also not to say that we shouldn't at times share in children's online encounters and the humour, anxiety or pride this brings.

On the contrary, every child needs to be supported in working out how to safely negotiate their way around social media, online gaming, email and texting.

Concerns such as cyber-bullying, online stalking, identity theft and access to inappropriate content are some of the risks children need to be aware of. But there are alternatives to addressing these without resorting to blanket covert monitoring of a child's online and messaging activity.

Building digital literacy and involving children in educating adults about social media are two more productive options.

Some parents using apps such as Teensafe describe the sense of security it brings knowing they can watch every move and word of their children's online lives.

We need to ask why this level of scrutiny would ever be necessary. Teenagers have always had secret parts of their lives, and a trusting relationship with a parent is a better antidote to the risks they may encounter than a one-size-fits-all monitoring device that carries with it the potential to undermine that trust.

Tonya Rooney does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 Teenagers need to trust their parents and learn about trusting others. Apps like Teensafe might undermine both. Tonya Rooney, Lecturer, Faculty of Education and Arts, Australian Catholic University Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/33974 2014-11-12T10:44:06Z 2014-11-12T10:44:06Z People like us: how our brains view others

Race is one way we categorize ourselves among in-groups and out-groups. Hands image via www.shutterstock.com.

Race-related demonstrations, Title IX disputes, affirmative action court cases, same-sex marriage bans.

These issues made headlines in all spheres of the media this year. However, thoughtful articles on these subjects seem always to devolve to pitting warring factions against each other: black vs white, women vs men, gay vs straight.

At the most fundamental level of biology, we recognize the innate advantage of defining differences in species. But even within species, is there something in our neural circuits that leads us to find comfort in those like us and unease with those who may differ?

Brain battle between distrust and reward

Like all animals, our brains balance two primordial systems: one that includes a brain region called the amygdala that generates fear and distrust of those things that pose a danger (think predators); the other, a group of connected structures called the mesolimbic system, that gives rise to pleasure and feelings of reward that make it more likely we will flourish and survive (think food). But how do these systems interact to influence how we form our concepts of community?

Through implicit association tests which uncover the strength of subliminal associations – for example, white=good, black=bad – scientists have shown that many of us harbor an implicit preference for our in-group (those like us), even when we show no outward or obvious signs of bias. Are such associations learned? Are they in some way hardwired? And either way, do they reflect conflicting activity of the amygdala vs the mesolimbic system?

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/64286/original/2f7nrxvc-1415721237.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/64286/original/2f7nrxvc-1415721237.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64286/original/2f7nrxvc-1415721237.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64286/original/2f7nrxvc-1415721237.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64286/original/2f7nrxvc-1415721237.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=502&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64286/original/2f7nrxvc-1415721237.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=502&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64286/original/2f7nrxvc-1415721237.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=502&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 There are plenty of ways to define who's in-group and who's out-group. Jesus Solana, CC BY

Distrust of 'others'

Research into how the amygdala responds when we assess the relative importance of race is nuanced and complex. Studies must take into account the differences between explicit and implicit measures of race attitudes, as well as the impact of cultural bias and individual variation. Still, most research suggests that signaling variations within the amygdala are responsible for the way we measure trust in implicit in-group vs out-group preference.

Reward from 'sameness'

Reward, on the other hand, is encoded in our brains by loops of neurons within a circuit called the mesolimbic system. These neurons control the release of the transmitter dopamine, which is associated with an enhanced sense of pleasure. The addictive nature of some drugs, gaming and gambling depends on increases in the activity of these neurons.

The neural circuits that govern social behavior and reward arose early in vertebrate evolution and are present in birds, reptiles, bony fishes and amphibians, as well as mammals. So far there's not a lot of information on reward pathway activity in people during in-group vs out-group social situations, but there are some tantalizing results from studies on these other animals.

In recent work, neuroscientist Karl Deisseroth and his colleagues at Stanford combined genetics and behavioral tests with a cutting-edge approach called fiber photometry where light can turn on and off specific cells. Using this process, the researchers were able to both stimulate and measure activity in identified neurons in the reward pathways, with an exquisite degree of precision. As important, they were able to do this in mice as they behaved in social settings.

They showed that neural signaling in a specific group of these dopamine neurons within these mesolimbic reward loops are jazzed up when a mouse encounters a new mouse – one it's never met before, but that is of its own genetic line. Is this dopamine reward reaction the mouse corollary of human in-group recognition?

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/64281/original/nxr747dp-1415720190.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/64281/original/nxr747dp-1415720190.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=600&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64281/original/nxr747dp-1415720190.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=600&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64281/original/nxr747dp-1415720190.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=600&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64281/original/nxr747dp-1415720190.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=754&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64281/original/nxr747dp-1415720190.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=754&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64281/original/nxr747dp-1415720190.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=754&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Are you like me or not? Bruce McAdam, CC BY-SA

What if the mouse were of a different genetic line with different external characteristics? What about with other small mammals such as voles who have dramatically different social relationships depending upon whether they are the type that lives in the prairie or in the mountains? Would the mesolimbic neurons still light up in recognition, or would the differences tip the balance toward the amygdala expressing fear and distrust?

We don't know how these subtle differences in animals might affect how their neural circuits promote social responses, but by studying them, we may better understand how our own brain systems contribute to the implicit and unconscious bias we feel towards those in our own species who are nonetheless somewhat different.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/64280/original/34ryddqp-1415719712.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/64280/original/34ryddqp-1415719712.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=720&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64280/original/34ryddqp-1415719712.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=720&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64280/original/34ryddqp-1415719712.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=720&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64280/original/34ryddqp-1415719712.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=905&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64280/original/34ryddqp-1415719712.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=905&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/64280/original/34ryddqp-1415719712.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=905&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Higher brain functions can override more primitive instincts. Brain image via www.shutterstock.com.

Neural signaling is not destiny

Even if evolution has tilted the balance toward our brains rewarding "like" and distrusting "difference," this need not be destiny. Activity in our brains is malleable, allowing higher order circuits in the cortex to modify the more primitive fear and reward systems to produce different behavioral outcomes.

Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie eloquently relates that:

the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story.

Stereotypes reduce those not exactly like us to only their differences.

Diversity's value

Why would we put up with the discomfort that differences evoke, rather than always selecting the easy reward with sameness? In his book, The Difference, Scott Page provides mathematical evidence that although diverse individuals are less trusting of one other, when working together, they are more productive.

From cracking the Enigma code in WWII to predicting stock prices, Page provides data to demonstrate that a diversity of perspectives produces better innovation and better solutions than the smartest set of like-minded experts. In short, diversity trumps ability.

So let's acknowledge the amygdalar distrust that differences evoke. Then, while we may not get that same boost of dopamine, let's recognize that when it comes to what will promote the greatest good, working with those "not like us" has its own rewards.

Leslie Henderson has/does received funding from The National Institutes of Health.
 Race-related demonstrations, Title IX disputes, affirmative action court cases, same-sex marriage bans. These issues made headlines in all spheres of the media this year. However, thoughtful articles on… Leslie Henderson, Professor of Physiology & Neurobiology and Senior Associate Dean at The Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives.


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Service Search Results
Claridad Program 0 Miles from 18101
610-435-9902 · 218 North 2nd Street, Allentown, PA, 18101 · Map
Claridad Program offers classes on HIV/AIDS information and prevention. Free condoms. No fees. Open Mon-Fri, 1pm to 4pm. Walk-ins welcome. …Details
Latinos for Healthy Communities Of NDTS 0.5 miles from 18101
610-758-8011 · 417 North 14th Street, Allentown, PA, 18102 · Map
Provides health education, information and referral services targeted at the Latino community. Offers prevention education on drug/alcohol abuse and tobacco use and provides HIV testing, hepatitis testing and screening for chronic conditions such as diabetes. Individuals requiring other…Details
Lehigh Conference of Churches - Daybreak 0.5 miles from 18101
610-820-5049 · 457 West Allen Street, Allentown, PA, 18102 · Map
A drop-in center offering three meals a day, life skills programming and counseling to individuals with mental disabilities, chemical dependencies, or HIV/AIDS who are at high risk of becoming homeless, as well as for homeless, the impoverished elderly and transients.…Details
Lehigh County State Health Center 3.8 miles from 18101
610-821-6770 · 3730 Lehigh Street, Whitehall, PA, 18052 · Map
Health centers are the implementation sites for the Department of Health's public health programs. Services include communicable disease reporting and investigation; epidemiology, informational and referral; chronic disease prevention and intervention; clinical services (including sexually-transmitted disease and tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment,…Details
Lehigh Valley Hospital - AIDS/HIV Clinics 4 miles from 18101
610-402-8000 · 17th and Chew Streets, Allentown, PA, 18104 · Map
Offer comprehensive care for people living with HIV and hepatitis B and C. Specialists include doctors, nurses, case managers, dietitians and counselors.…Details
AIDS Services Center of St Luke's Hospital 11.6 miles from 18101
866-785-8537 · 100 North 3rd Street, Easton, PA, 18045 · Map
ASC is funded by grants from HRSA (Ryan White), and subcontracts for grant funds via AIDSNET. There are two locations for HIV prevention/education, confidential/anonymous HIV testing, comprehensive clinical care (integrated behavioral health; integrated dietitian counseling), and medical case management for…Details
Easton Community HIV/AIDS Organization 13.3 miles from 18101
610-253-9868 · 325 Pine Street, Easton, PA, 18042 · Map
Provides HIV/AIDS/STD testing and counseling for individuals concerned about their health status. Provides case management, mental health services, nutritional services, ongoing dental care and medical care to individuals infected with HIV/AIDS. …Details
Pennsylvania STATE AIDS FactLine 47.8 miles from 18101
800-662-6080 · 1700 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19103 · Map
Provides confidential counseling, education, and referrals regarding HIV/AIDS including testing, transmission, medical care for people.…Details
AIDS Law Project - Debt Management Program 48.2 miles from 18101
215-587-9377 · 1211 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107 · Map
Assists individuals with HIV/AIDS understand their rights and responsibilities with creditors and provides advice on ways to reduce or eliminate debt. Seminars are held monthly.…Details
AIDS Law Project - Family Program 48.2 miles from 18101
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Provides free legal services for parents living with HIV/AIDS who need help planning for their children's future care and custody. Training and publications on the Pennsylvania's Standby Guardianship Act are available for attorneys, case managers, and people living with…Details
AIDS Law Project - Fleeing Felon Project 48.2 miles from 18101
215-587-9377 · 1211 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107 · Map
Assists individuals who have bench warrants and violations of probation and parole with legal matters. Also, assists clients to apply for public benefits.…Details
AIDS Law Project - Housing Advocacy Project 48.2 miles from 18101
215-587-9377 · 1211 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107 · Map
Provides free legal services for people with HIV/AIDS who are facing eviction or experiencing difficulty maintaining secure, affordable housing. Training and materials on the housing rights of people living with HIV/AIDS are available for social service and medicaid providers.…Details
AIDS Law Project - Legal Services 48.2 miles from 18101
215-587-9377 · 1211 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107 · Map
Provides information on AIDS and legal issues.…Details
HIV Health Infoline Unknown distance from 18101
800-822-7422 · 25 Taylor Street, San Francisco, CA, 9410 · Map
Since 1985, the HIV Health Infoline has provided HIV treatment and care information, free of charge, to people living with HIV, their providers and support networks. Staffed by highly trainied volunteers, the Infoline has the personal experiences and outside…Details


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Document Type
- Conference Proceeding (18)
- Article (4)
- Part of a Book (1)
- Activity monitoring (1)
- Algorithm (1)
- Atmung (1)
- Biomedical Engineering (1)
- Body sensor networks (1)
- Body-movement (1)
- Breathing rate (1)
- Data acquisition (1)
- Dynamic cluster analysis (1)
Sleep is an important aspect in life of every human being. The average sleep duration for an adult is approximately 7 h per day. Sleep is necessary to regenerate physical and psychological state of a human. A bad sleep quality has a major impact on the health status and can lead to different diseases. In this paper an approach will be presented, which uses a long-term monitoring of vital data gathered by a body sensor during the day and the night supported by mobile application connected to an analyzing system, to estimate sleep quality of its user as well as give recommendations to improve it in real-time. Actimetry and historical data will be used to improve the individual recommendations, based on common techniques used in the area of machine learning and big data analysis.
Stress is becoming an important topic in modern life. The influence of stress results in a higher rate of health disorders such as burnout, heart problems, obesity, asthma, diabetes, depressions and many others. Furthermore individual's behavior and capabilities could be directly affected leading to altered cognition, inappropriate decision making and problem solving skills. In a dynamic and unpredictable environment, such as automotive, this can result in a higher risk for accidents. Different papers faced the estimation as well as prediction of drivers' stress level during driving. Another important question is not only the stress level of the driver himself, but also the influence on and of a group of other drivers in the near area. This paper proposes a system, which determines a group of drivers in a near area as clusters and it derives the individual stress level. This information will be analyzed to generate a stress map, which represents a graphical view about road section with a higher stress influence. Aggregated data can be used to generate navigation routes with a lower stress influence to decrease stress influenced driving as well as improve road safety.
Sleep quality and in general, behavior in bed can be detected using a sleep state analysis. These results can help a subject to regulate sleep and recognize different sleeping disorders. In this work, a sensor grid for pressure and movement detection supporting sleep phase analysis is proposed. In comparison to the leading standard measuring system, which is Polysomnography (PSG), the system proposed in this project is a non-invasive sleep monitoring device. For continuous analysis or home use, the PSG or wearable Actigraphy devices tends to be uncomfortable. Besides this fact, they are also very expensive. The system represented in this work classifies respiration and body movement with only one type of sensor and also in a non-invasive way. The sensor used is a pressure sensor. This sensor is low cost and can be used for commercial proposes. The system was tested by carrying out an experiment that recorded the sleep process of a subject. These recordings showed the potential for classification of breathing rate and body movements. Although previous researches show the use of pressure sensors in recognizing posture and breathing, they have been mostly used by positioning the sensors between the mattress and bedsheet. This project however, shows an innovative way to position the sensors under the mattress.
Die Erholung unseres Körpers und Gehirns von Müdigkeit ist direkt abhängig von der Qualität des Schlafes, die aus den Ergebnissen einer Schlafstudie ermittelt werden kann. Die Klassifizierung der Schlafstadien ist der erste Schritt dieser Studie und beinhaltet die Messung von Biovitaldaten und deren weitere Verarbeitung. Das non-invasive Schlafanalyse-System basiert auf einem Hardware-Sensornetz aus 24 Drucksensoren, das die Schlafphasenerkennung ermöglicht. Die Drucksensoren sind mit einem energieeffizienten Mikrocontroller über einen systemweiten Bus mit Adressarbitrierung verbunden. Ein wesentlicher Unterschied dieses Systems im Vergleich zu anderen Ansätzen ist die innovative Art, die Sensoren unter der Matratze zu platzieren. Diese Eigenschaft erleichtert die kontinuierliche Nutzung des Systems ohne fühlbaren Einfluss auf das gewohnte Bett. Das System wurde getestet, indem Experimente durchgeführt wurden, die den Schlaf verschiedener gesunder junger Personen aufzeichneten. Die ersten Ergebnisse weisen auf das Potenzial hin, nicht nur Atemfrequenz und Körperbewegung, sondern auch Herzfrequenz zu erfassen.
Sleep study can be used for detection of sleep quality and in general bed behaviors. These results can helpful for regulating sleep and recognizing different sleeping disorders of human. In comparison to the leading standard measuring system, which is Polysomnography (PSG), the system proposed in this work is a non-invasive sleep monitoring device. For continuous analysis or home use, the PSG or wearable Actigraphy devices tends to be uncomfortable. Besides, these methods not only decrease practicality due to the process of having to put them on, but they are also very expensive. The system proposed in this paper classifies respiration and body movement with only one type of sensor and also in a noninvasive way. The sensor used is a pressure sensor. This sensor is low cost and can be used for commercial proposes. The system was tested by carrying out an experiment that recorded the sleep process of a subject. These recordings showed excellent results in the classification of breathing rate and body movements.
This document presents an algorithm for a non-obtrusive recognition of Sleep/Wake states using signals derived from ECG, respiration, and body movement captured while lying in a bed. As a core mathematical base of system data analytics, multinomial logistic regression techniques were chosen. Derived parameters of the three signals are used as the input for the proposed method. The overall achieved accuracy rate is 84% for Wake/Sleep stages, with Cohen's kappa value 0.46. The presented algorithm should support experts in analyzing sleep quality in more detail. The results confirm the potential of this method and disclose several ways for its improvement.
The proposed approach applies current unsupervised clustering approaches in a different dynamic manner. Instead of taking all the data as input and finding clusters among them, the given approach clusters Holter ECG data (long-term electrocardiography data from a holter monitor) on a given interval which enables a dynamic clustering approach (DCA). Therefore advanced clustering techniques based on the well known Dynamic Time Warping algorithm are used. Having clusters e.g. on a daily basis, clusters can be compared by defining cluster shape properties. Doing this gives a measure for variation in unsupervised cluster shapes and may reveal unknown changes in healthiness. Embedding this approach into wearable devices offers advantages over the current techniques. On the one hand users get feedback if their ECG data characteristic changes unforeseeable over time which makes early detection possible. On the other hand cluster properties like biggest or smallest cluster may help a doctor in making diagnoses or observing several patients. Further, on found clusters known processing techniques like stress detection or arrhythmia classification may be applied.


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Converted Copenhagen harbourfront warehouse hotel
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Copenhagen Strand Hotel
Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tivoli Gardens
Superior Double room
Standard Family room
Standard Family room
Executive Twin room
Executive Double room
Copenhagen Opera House
Escape to a harbourfront hotel close to colourful Nyhavn, in the heart of Copenhagen – includes breakfast, a bottle of cava and a family option
- Converted from a 19th-century warehouse, this renovated hotel provides modest, laid-back digs just five minutes from Strøget, Copenhagen's main pedestrianised shopping area. At Copenhagen Strand, the newly renovated rooms take influence from Scandinavian design and exude a stylish elegance.
- Although the hotel doesn't have a restaurant, a hearty buffet spread is piled high with fruit, cheese, and cereals, while a bar is on hand for refreshments throughout the day. For lunch and dinner, don't worry – Copenhagen has some of the world's best seafood, alongside a growing crop of restaurants making a buzz on the food scene.
- This hotel is right on the harbourfront, surrounded by beautifully restored historic buildings and a short walk from Nyhavn. It's worth taking a relaxing afternoon stroll through the nearby Amager Fælled Nature Reserve. For shopping, Copenhagen's Strøget should satisfy, and in the middle of the street, you'll be able to climb to the top of Rundetaarn, a tall round tower boasting amazing views of the entire city and a favourite spot with Instagrammers.
- Wi-Fi
- Buffet breakfast
- Bar
- 24-hour reception
- Laundry services
- Bicycle hire
How to get there
The easiest way to get into the city (and exploring while you're there) is via the cheap and efficient metro system. Hop on the metro at the airport – you'll need the yellow M2 line – and in less than 20 minutes you'll be in the city centre. Kongens Nytorv is the nearest stop to the hotel, about 500 metres away.
Please note that the Standard Family room is two connecting rooms.
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RBH Jazz Camp
— —
•Daily ensemble workshops in Jazz, Samba Jazz and Latin Jazz. •Daily masterclasses on each instrument, along with a rhythm section workshop for vocalists, and nightly jam sessions. •The week concludes with performances by all par ticipants. •Located in beautiful Burlington, Vermont. The area offers nature paths, beautiful lakes and beaches, quaint eateries and shopping. •Tuition is $1,360 for the week, which is an all inclusive fee for all workshops, a private room and 3 healthy meals a day. All dietary needs are accommodated. 2019 Faculty Helio Alves, Alexis Cole, Harvie S Ralph Lalama, Sylvia Cuenca
Contact email@example.com www.facebook.com/AdventuresInJazz


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41" Full-Size Natural Acoustic Electric Guitar with Guitar Gig Bag, Strap, Tuner, String, Picks, Capo Description: Whether you are playing by yourself or entertaining guests, make the most of your time with this 41" full-size Acoustic electronic Guitar, which is designed for use by a variety of players. This Acoustic Guitar is equipped with useful components, making it an optimal selection for virtually any guitar player. With its basswood body and rosewood fingerboard, this 41" acoustic guitar provides quality sound and a stylish look. Feature: 1. Guitar neck embedded truss rod steel keeping guitar neck always in the state of straight and beginner kits is designed for all players. 2. Built-in EQ, full-size acoustic electric guitar 3. Easy to play, tune and maintain 4. Comes with accessories include everything to start, Padded Gig Bag, E-tuner, 6 extra strings, 3 picks, Adjustable strap, guitar stand and CAPO, guitar connecting cable Kindly Notes: Guitar's picks would be sent in random colors. Specifications: Size: 41" full size acoustic electronic guitar Material: Basswood Body Finger board: Rosewood Button: Metal Package Include: 1x 41" acoustic electronic guitar 1x Padded gig bag 1x Strap 1x Capo 1x Guitar connecting cable 1x Aroma tuner 1x 9V battery 3x Picks 6x Strings
A great vinyl inflatable rock star guitar! Perfect for pretend play or a pop star costume! Great for any pool party to have in case things get weird!
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The Quick Fix: A Real-Time Round-Up of Today's News
Sponsored adThis sponsor paid to have this advertisement placed in this section.
- Academics Profit By Making the Case for Opioid Painkillers [ABC News]
- New Zealand's "Breakfast Beer" Slammed by Critics [Fox News]
- Mexico City Street Gangs Mimic Cartel Violence [AP]
- The End of Horse Racing's Drug Addiction? [ESPN]
- Cannabis-Like Drugs Could Kill Pain Without the High [New Scientist]


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Uri Avnery
The figurehead of the Israeli peace movement Uri Avnery thinks it is easier for him - as a former terrorist - to understand the Islamist government of Gaza.
Uri Avnery, 90, has been calling for an independent Palestinian state next to Israel for decades. He was born in Germany and fought before the Israeli War of Independence for a state for the Jews against the British authorities. His peace group Gush Shalom was one of the very few who opposed the war in Gaza.
profil: The broad majority of Israel supported the war in Gaza although so many civilians, among them many children, have been killed. Why are so few demonstrating?
Avnery: Even the Zionist Peace camp identifies with this war. The reasoning is simple: Hamas shoots at us and we need to defend ourselves. The problem is: Every action is already a reaction to a previous action. Who started this conflict? Theodor Herzl. We can go back to the beginning of the conflict, to the start of the Zionist movement in 1882 if we want to know who started. But that does not bring us closer to a solution. We have to make peace with our enemies. The enemy today is called Hamas. So we need to sit down with them and negotiate over a permanent solution to the conflict.
profil: Hamas aber does not recognize Israel's right to exist. In Israel people often mention now that Hamas used the donor money to buy cement for tunnels and not for schools. How can you negotiate with such a leadership?
Avnery: As a Palestinian I would see this differently. For them it is mainly important to break the siege of Gaza which Israel put in place. This is no life. People in Gaza support Hamas because it represents the resistance against Israel. Maybe I can understand them better than others because I have been a terrorist myself, when I fought for the State of Israel before 1948.
profil: Are terrorists the better peace makers?
Avnery: Usually yes. You don't make peace with your friends but with your enemies. My peace group Gush Shalom printed "Talk to Hamas!" stickers already eight years ago. Of course the government did not follow our advice. What is the situation today? In Cairo Abdel Fatah al-Sisi, who just established a military dictatorship in the most disgusting way, is the mediator between Israel and Hamas. Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president is speaking on behalf of the Palestinians - but no-one takes serious anymore since he put down the arms and only got Israeli settlements in return. Israel and Hamas, who are at war, are only speaking indirectly to each other. This is totally grotesque. Israel should speak directly to Hamas. This is how it is in times of war. the generals negotiate directly about a ceasefire.
profil: Only a small minority in Israel thinks like you. How can you get the sides back to a negotiating table for a permanent peaceful settlement, if one side sees the other only as a terrorist organization?
Avnery: It will be difficult. But it is always hard in wars to make peace. If you look at it rationally it is quite obvious that you cannot keep an entire population under a siege. If you want to give peace a chance you must end the blockade. Not only must we open the border to Israel and Egypt. The Palestinians must be allowed to build a sea port and an air port. The International Community could be very helpful with that.