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E Views is actually referred to as the short form of an elaborate work. E views stand for Econometric View. It is indeed a software package which is also considered a statistical package. It can only be operating on a windows operating system it is application software. It is used all over the worldwide for the analysis of econometric statistics which is usually oriented to the series of time.
One of the features that are included in this software is the combination of spreadsheet and database technology. All of this combines with the general task of statistical programming software. Also, it further uses it in a graphical user interface as software in Windows. The whole of this process is further used as an import instruction to a programming language which further provides the output to be as an orientation towards an object.
One of the major tasks the software is able to perform is that it is able to analyze statistical data and it also helps in the analyzing of econometric data. It also holds the capability of forecast and estimation of the time series and panel data, along with the analysis of a cross-section of both the terms.
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Since this software is a lot in practice, almost all work paces use this. It is always a necessity and also an advantage if students have the knowledge of the user and practicality of this software both theoretically and otherwise. It helps them use this knowledge in the future while they go searching for jobs as most of the institutions ask the knowledge of this software as a compulsory criterion for employment.
Also, if you are well aware of this software, you can use it for yourself for managing your information.
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Terms & Conditions of Sale ("Conditions")
1.1 In these Conditions "the Seller" means Essilor Malyasia, "the Buyer" means the person, firm or company with whom the Seller agrees to sell or supply the Goods, "the Goods" means the goods materials or services which are the subject of sale or supply between the Seller and the Buyer, and "this contract" means the contract entered into between the Buyer and the Seller in relation to the Goods.
1.2 All sales are made subject to the Conditions set forth hereunder and the following:
(i) all quotations are given and all orders are accepted on these Conditions which shall supersede any other terms appearing in the seller's catalogue or elsewhere, and shall override and exclude any other terms stipulated or referred to by the Buyer in any negotiations, order and any course of dealing established between the seller and the buyer;
(ii) all orders made by the Buyer are binding and may not be cancelled save as provided under Clause 2A below, and shall be deemed to be made subject to these Conditions; and
(iii) the Seller reserves the right to terminate all commercial relations in the event that the Goods are not sold to the public by authorized persons.
1.3 No modification of these Conditions shall be effective unless made by an express written agreement between the Buyer and the Seller. The signing by the Seller of any of the Buyer's documentation shall not imply any modification of these Conditions.
2.1 The description and the quantity of Goods shall be set out in the invoice.
2.2 All samples, descriptions and illustrations in the Seller's catalogues, price lists and advertisements or otherwise communicated to the Buyer shall not form part of this contract, but shall be treated as being issued or published for the sole purpose of giving an approximate idea of the Goods described in them only unless otherwise stated. Sections 13 and 15 of the Sales of Goods Act are hereby expressly excluded.
2.2 The Buyer is responsible for ensuring that the terms of its order and any applicable specification (if applicable) are complete and accurate, and shall determine the suitability of the Goods for its intended use. If a Buyer has requested for certain modifications to the Goods and this was agreed to in writing by the Seller, the determination of whether the modified Goods conforms to the Buyer's specifications shall be based on a reasonable objective standard. The Buyer acknowledges that it has not relied on any statement, promise, representation, assurance or warranty made or given by or on behalf of the Seller that is not set out in this contract. So long as the Goods supplied are of sound commercial quality, there is no guarantee of their suitability for any specific purpose, even if that purpose is known to the Seller.
2A.1 It is the Buyer's responsibility to check the item references, quantities, condition, and conformance of the Goods at the time of delivery. Goods can only be returned by prior agreement with the Seller in writing, unless the Goods are returned due to defects or incorrect dispatch.
2A.2 Should the Seller accept rejection of the Goods (or any part thereof) delivered against this contract, reasonable time will be allowed to the Seller to replace the rejected Goods. The Goods returned must be sent, insured and carriage paid to the Seller's warehouse accompanied by a packing slip clearly stating quantity and description of the Goods returned, reason for the return and quoting the invoice number of the original delivery within two weeks from the date of the Seller's delivery.
2A.3 If the Goods ordered by the Buyer are Rx lenses, the Buyer may request in writing to cancel or modify its order at no extra cost provided that its original order has not already been processed by the Seller. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Seller has already commenced or completed the processing of the lenses based on the Buyer's specifications or order, there can be no cancellation or modification to the Buyer's original order.
For the purposes of this clause, any response and/or decision of the Seller shall be final and binding on the Buyer.
2A.4 The Seller reserves the absolute right (but not the obligation) to issue credit notes upon receipt of Goods returned by the Buyer in accordance with these Conditions, and such credit notes can be used by the Buyer to offset any amount it owes to the Seller for Goods ordered or delivered from time to time.
3.1 The price to be paid for the Goods will be set out in the Seller's invoice, or (if no price is quoted) will be based on the Seller's price list prevailing on the date of delivery. All prices for the Goods are quoted as net prices and do not include transport of the Goods and any goods and services tax, which shall be paid additionally by the Buyer.
3.2 The Seller shall be entitled to adjust the price to be paid for the Goods by such amount as it thinks fit at any time before the dispatch of the Goods (including additional charges for postage) in the event of any increase in the cost to the Seller in supplying the Goods, whether such increase shall result from higher costs of raw materials, labour, transport or overhead expenses, or any delay caused by instructions or requests from the Seller, or from any other cause whatsoever.
4.1 All delivery dates and time are estimates only and the time of delivery shall not be of the essence of this contract. Should the Seller be prevented from or hindered in delivering the Goods or any part thereof by reason of war, riot, explosion, fire, flood, strike, lockout, shortage of materials or labour, delay in delivery or non-delivery by the Seller's suppliers, breakdowns or accidents to machinery, labour strike or dispute, order of decree of any court, or action of any Governmental authority or any other cause or circumstances beyond the Seller's control (collectively as "Force Majeure Event"), the Seller reserves the right to cancel or suspend the whole or part of any delivery. In the event the Seller decides to suspend the delivery, the time for delivery shall be extended by a period equal to that during which the cause preventing or hindering delivery exists.
For the avoidance of doubt, late delivery (regardless whether it is caused by a Force Majeure Event or any other reason whatsoever) shall not be a ground for cancellation or refusal to take delivery of the Goods or constitute a valid claim against the Seller for compensation/indemnification under this contract. - See more at:
4.2 Part delivery – Orders are dispatched complete but in the event of shortages or any other reason beyond the Seller's control, part delivery may be made in the absence of instruction to the contrary. If the Seller delivers the Goods by instalments, each instalment shall constitute a separate contract and shall be invoiced and paid for separately. Any delay in delivery or defect in an instalment shall not entitle the Buyer to cancel any other instalment.
4.3 The Seller shall not in any way be liable to compensate the Buyer in damages or otherwise for non-delivery or late delivery of the Goods or any part of them for whatever reason or for any loss consequential or otherwise arising therefrom unless the Buyer's claims are submitted in writing.
(i) For damage or partial loss in transit, within forty-eight hours of the delivery and provided the delivery note is endorsed accordingly by the Seller.
(ii) For non-delivery of the whole consignment, within 7 days of receipt of the date of Seller's invoice.
If the Goods or any part thereof are damaged or lost while in the custody of a carrier, the Seller will at its sole option either replace such Goods or part thereof, or refund to the Buyer the cost or price of the same.
4.4 Carriage and packing – A charge for carriage and packing may be levied on orders. The seller reserves the right where special deliveries are required to pass on these costs.
4.3 The Seller shall not in any way be liable to compensate the Buyer in damages or otherwise for non-delivery or late delivery of the Goods or any part of them for whatever reason or for any loss consequential or otherwise arising therefrom unless the Buyer's claims are submitted in writing.
5.1 Payment for the Goods shall be promptly made in full without deduction or set off by the date or within the period (as the case may be) set out under the "TERM" box in the Seller's invoice, unless otherwise expressly provided under these Conditions or approved in writing by the Seller.
For the purposes of these Conditions, an indication of "COD" on the Seller's invoice shall mean "cash-on-delivery", and the indications of "007", "030" or "060" on the Seller's invoice shall separately mean that payment shall be received by the Seller from the Buyer within 7, 30 or 60 days respectively from the date of issue of the Seller's invoice.
5.2 As an incentive for the Buyer to make prompt payment for any consignment of Goods, the Seller may offer a 5% discount off the total price in relation to that particular consignment if the Seller receives the full outstanding amount from the Buyer within the credit period indicated in the Seller's invoice. This "prompt payment" incentive will not apply to "COD" consignments/payments, and/or if the Seller only receives the payment (or any part thereof) after the lapse of the credit period indicated in the Seller's invoice. Notwithstanding anything stated under this Clause 5.2, the Seller hereby reserves and shall have the absolute right to end or vary the terms of this incentive at any time without prior notice to the Buyer.
5.3 The Seller shall have the right to levy and be paid interest at the rate of four percent per month on all sums due to the Seller and unpaid, for the period from the date upon which payment is due until the date upon which payment is made, both before and after any judgment, but nothing herein shall entitle the Buyer to withhold or delay any payment due to the Seller after the date upon which it falls due or in any way prejudice or effect the Seller's rights in relation to the said non-payment. The Buyer shall pay the interest together with the overdue amount.
5.4 The Seller may at any time require the Buyer to make payment in advance of delivery.
5.5 The Buyer shall pay all amounts due under this contract in full without any set-off, counterclaim, deduction or withholding (except for any deduction or withholding required by law). The Seller may at any time, without limiting any other rights or remedies it may have, set off any amount owing to it by the Buyer against any amount payable by the Seller to the Buyer.
5.6 Should the Buyer fail to make payment by the due date or when required, the Seller reserves the right without prejudice to any other remedy which it may have, to cancel this contract and/or any other contract between the Buyer and Seller and/or to suspend delivery until payment shall have been made and all outstanding sums in respect of Goods delivered to the Buyer shall become immediately due.
6.1 The Goods are at the risk of the Buyer from the time of delivery but the title of the Goods shall not pass to the Buyer at the time of delivery until all sums due or owing by the Buyer to the Seller on any account whatsoever (including debts arising before the date of this contract) have been paid in full.
6.2 Until title and ownership of the Goods have passed to the Buyer:
(i) The property and title in the Goods shall remain with the Seller and the Buyer shall hold the Goods on a fiduciary basis as bailee for the Seller.
(ii) The Goods shall be stored separately from all other goods held by the Buyer so that they remain readily identifiable as the Seller's property, and the Buyer shall not remove, deface or obscure any identifying mark or packaging on or relating to the Goods.
(iii) The Buyer shall maintain the Goods in satisfactory condition and keep them insured against all risks for their full price from the date of delivery, and give the Seller such information relating to the Goods as the Seller may require from time to time.
(iv) The Seller shall have full legal and beneficial ownership in any new product into which the Goods are coveted or which results in the mixing of the Goods with any other products. If the Seller's co-ownership becomes null and void due to processing, combining or mixing with other goods, the Buyer immediately assigns to Seller its ownership rights in the new property or compound matter which correspond to the amount of the value of Goods, and such rights shall be subject to these Conditions.
(v) The Buyer shall be entitled to sell in the ordinary course of its business any of the Goods which are the property of the Seller as long as the Buyer has not breached any of the Conditions hereunder, and on condition that the Buyer shall hold on trust for and on demand pay or transfer to the Seller (to the extent of any monies due to the Seller) the proceeds of such sale and all claims that the Buyer may have against its purchaser as a result of such sale.
6.3 If the Buyer shall commit any breach of its obligations hereunder or shall default in payment or any sum due to the Seller under this or any other contract, or if any distress execution or other legal process shall be levied against the Buyer's property or assets, or the Buyer shall make or offer to make any arrangement or composition with its creditors, or any petition or order be presented or made against the Buyer, or if any resolution or petition to wind up the Buyer shall be presented or passed or any administrative receiver be appointed over all or any of its assets, or the Seller reasonably believes that any of the above events is about to happen and notifies the Buyer accordingly, then in each such case the Buyer's power of sale shall automatically cease and the Seller shall have the right with or without prior notice at any time to take possession of the whole or any part of the Goods (and for that purpose to go onto any premises occupied by the Buyer or any subsidiary, parent or associated company of the Buyer) to the value of all sums due to the Seller, without prejudice to any other right or remedy available to the Seller at law or otherwise.
6.4 Where payment is made by means of a bill of exchange, cheque or other negotiable instrument, the Seller shall be deemed not to have received payment for the purpose of these Conditions until the bill of exchange, cheque or instrument has been honored on presentation for payment, notwithstanding that the Seller may have negotiated it and received value therefore.
7.1 The Goods claimed to be defective shall be returned to us for technical examination in their original or equivalent packaging. The Seller undertakes at its option to repair or replace the same if the warranty claim is valid and within the warranty period, although under no circumstances will the Seller's liability exceed the cost of replacement or the price paid by the Buyer for the Goods. The Seller may refuse to remedy defects if the Buyer has not complied with the request to return the Goods claimed to be defective. Complaints by the Buyer in respect of the Goods alleged to be defective shall be made within five days of delivery and shall not entitle the Buyer to withhold or set off payments due to the Seller.
7.2 The Seller's liability under this warranty shall only apply to manufacturing defects in the Goods, and shall not apply in particular (i) to any defects in the Goods that arise from the Buyer's neglect, negligence, misuse, abuse, damage, external action or from normal wear and tear, and/or (ii) to any other goods, products, materials, services and/or items of any kind whatsoever and regardless of howsoever the damage or defect may have occurred, including without limitation any damage to any spectacle frames sent by the Buyer and/or its customers to the Seller for edging/lens fittings purposes. The warranty set out hereunder shall be void if installation, operating or maintenance instructions are not observed, or if parts are replaced or materials used are not in accordance with Seller's original product specifications unless the Buyer can show that the defect in question resulted from another cause. The Buyer shall have no rights against Seller in respect of Goods sold as lower-class or used goods.
7.3 Any Goods returned to the Seller and replaced by the Seller shall be the property of the Seller.
7.4 The Seller will not be liable for loss of expense arising in connection with the use or inability to use the Goods nor for the consequential loss or damage of any kind. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties and conditions (implied or expressed at law or otherwise) that exceed the above obligations, and are hereby disclaimed and excluded to the fullest extent permitted by applicable laws.
7.5 This warranty shall be valid for a period of one (1) year starting from the date stated on the Seller's invoice.
8.1 For the purposes of these Conditions, "Trademarks" shall mean all trademarks, brands, logos, or trade names owned by the Seller and/or any of its subsidiary, parent or associated company (including its parent company Essilor International (Compagnie Générale d'Optique) SA) or for which any of them holds rights (collectively as "TM Proprietor").
8.2 The Buyer and/or any of its customers are expressly prohibited from using or reproducing the Trademarks in any manner that will harm or bring them into disrepute. By using the Trademarks, the Buyer shall be deemed as acknowledging that (i) the TM Proprietor is the owner of all rights, titles, and interests in the Trademarks, (ii) all use of the Trademarks inures to the TM Proprietor's benefit, (iii) it shall not interfere with or challenge the TM Proprietor's rights in the Trademarks, and (iv) it shall not bring the Trademarks into disrepute, and shall ensure that none of its employees, agents, customers, consultants, partners, associates etc will directly or indirectly reproduce or use any Trademarks in any manner other than expressly authorised by the TM Proprietor.
8.3 Any advertising campaign which in any way mentions any of the Trademarks or features drawn from the TM Proprietor's advertising must be submitted to the TM Proprietor, who shall have the right (i) to make any changes it may unilaterally decide to the said campaign, (ii) to determine at its discretion the manner of use of the Trademarks, and (iii) to reject the submitted commercial or advertising campaign if it appears incompatible with the image of the Trademarks.
In order to allow the TM Proprietor to verify such compliance, the Buyer must submit (with sufficient lead time) all advertising campaigns to the TM Proprietor for its approval prior to launching them.
9.1 If the Buyer shall commit any breach of its obligations under this (including the obligations under Clause 8) or any other contract, or shall default in payment of any sum due to the Seller under this or any other contract, or if any distress execution or other legal process shall be levied against the Buyer's property or assets, or the Buyer shall make or offer to make any arrangement or composition with its creditors, or any petition or order be presented or made against the Buyer, or if an administrative receiver be appointed of all or any of its assets, then in each case the Seller shall have the right to forthwith terminate this contract and to cancel any outstanding delivery without any prejudice to any other right or remedy available to it under law or otherwise.
9.2 The Buyer shall not be entitled to cancel this contract without the consent of the Seller, which if given shall be deemed to be on the express condition that the Buyer shall indemnify the Seller against all loss, damage, claims or actions arising out of such a cancellation.
The Seller's liability (if any) whether in contract or otherwise in respect of any defect in the Goods or for any breach of this contract or of any duty owed to the Buyer in connection therewith shall be limited to the price of the Goods in question. The Seller shall not be liable for any loss or any duty owed to the Buyer arising from any damage to the Goods occurring after the risk has passed to the Buyer however caused, nor shall any liability of the Buyer to the Seller be diminished or extinguished by reasons such as loss of Goods.
11.1 The Seller may at any time assign, transfer, mortgage, charge, subcontract or deal in any other manner with all or any of its rights or obligations under this contract; but the Buyer may not assign, transfer, mortgage, charge, subcontract, declare a trust over or deal in any other manner with any or all of its rights or obligations under this contract without the prior written consent of the Seller.
11.2 If any provision or part-provision of this contract is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted. Any modification to or deletion of a provision or part-provision under this contract shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of the contract.
11.3 This contract between the Seller and the Buyer for the supply of the Goods shall be governed and construed in accordance with the Laws of Malyasia and the Buyer agrees to submit to the jurisdiction of the Malyasia Courts in respect thereof.
11.4 No forbearance or indulgence shown or granted by the Seller to the Buyer shall in any way effect or prejudice the right of the Seller against the Buyer or be regarded as a waiver of these Conditions.
11.5 A person who is not a party to this contract shall not have any rights to enforce the Conditions stated hereunder.

subset: commoncrawl


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IS MANJIMA PART OF DHANUSH'S NEXT?Home > Tamil Movies > Tamil News Stories
By Behindwoods News Bureau | Nov 02, 2016
While Manjima Mohan's debut film in Tamil, Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada is expected to be released next week, the gorgeous actress is doing Mudi Sooda Mannan with Vikram Prabhu and another untitled film with Udhay Stalin under Gaurav's direction.
Now there is a buzz that she has been roped in Soundarya Rajinikanth's NEEK with Dhanush as the hero. However, sources close to the actress reveal that talks are on but things are yet to be finalized.
Meanwhile, Kajal Aggarwal is also said to be teaming up with Dhanush in this project. We would keep you posted!
Tags : Manjima Mohan, Soundarya rajinikanth, Dhanush, NEEK
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Is Manjima Mohan in Dhanush's NEEK?
People looking for online information on Dhanush, Manjima Mohan, NEEK, Soundarya rajinikanth will find this news story useful.


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ASSAF letter regarding DHET accreditation of SciELO SA..
Included in PubMed Central (PMC).
About the Author(s)
Received: 15 Oct. 2018; Accepted: 11 Feb. 2019; Published: 12 Aug. 2019
Copyright: © 2019. The Author(s). Licensee: AOSIS.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: Giardia and Cryptosporidium species are significant zoonotic parasites of humans and domesticated animals.
Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in livestock and dogs of the Magude District.
Method: The flotation technique (Willis), modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) and direct and indirect immunofluorescence (DIF and IIF) techniques were applied to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species in faecal samples of dog pups (156), goat kids (60) and calves (480) from the Magude District of Mozambique from February to September 2015.
Results: Using Willis, IIF and DIF, the prevalence of Giardia in calves was 0%, 8.1%, and 6.0%; in dogs 0.6%, 8.3% and 5.7% and for goats 0% and 13.3% (IIF was not performed), respectively. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves using Willis, mZN, IIF and DIF was 0%, 3.8%, 4.7% and 0.4% and in dogs 0%, 0.6%, 6.4% and 0.6%, respectively. The parasite was not detected in goats.
Conclusion: Results from the present study showed that IIF performed better diagnosis of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and that the mZN can be used as an alternative for Cryptosporidium because of the high cost of IIF. There is a need for identification of genotypes or subtypes of these parasites through application of molecular techniques in order to determine their zoonotic potential, and we advocate a 'one health' approach in the control and prevention of these parasites.
Keywords: zoonoses; Giardia; Cryptosporidium; dogs; calves; goats; Mozambique.
Protozoan species from the genus Giardia and Cryptosporidium are known to infect domestic and wild animals (Taylor, Coop & Wall 2007) and are implicated as causative agents of diarrhoea in children, and as opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients (Fayer, Morgan & Upton 2000; Irisarri-Gutiérrez et al. 2017; Morgan et al. 2000; Pedersen et al. 2014; Sow et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2018). In domestic animals, the parasites are mainly prevalent in neonates and young animals (Baroudi et al. 2018; De Waal 2012; Hamnes et al. 2006) with consequent economic loss because of different levels of morbidity and mortality (De Graaf et al. 1999) particularly when they occur in concomitant infections with helminthic infections (Taylor et al. 2007). There has been a description of two subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum (Baroudi et al. 2018; Fayer et al. 2000; Santana et al. 2018; Squire et al. 2017) and multiple genotypes within the species Giardia duodenalis (Ebner et al. 2015; Feng & Xiao 2011; Itagaki et al. 2005; Santín, Trout & Fayer 2007; Sommer et al. 2018), and only a few are of zoonotic significance.
Depending on the purpose of the study, different techniques can be applied for the diagnosis of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Direct smears with or without staining and concentration techniques are mainly used routinely in the laboratory, and despite the relatively low cost, they have a disadvantage of low sensitivity (Cheesbrough 1987; De Waal 2012). In view of this limitation, immunological techniques based on the detection of antigens such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the immunofluorescence (IF) staining method and the molecular test polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which detects the parasite deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been applied in epidemiological studies, and they have proved to be more sensitive and specific (Geurden et al. 2008; Gómez-Couso, Méndez-Hermida & Ares-Mazás 2006; Soares & Tasca 2016).
Studies conducted in Mozambique have reported prevalence of 8.1% for Giardia intestinalis and 7.1% for Cryptosporidium spp. in humans (Irisarri-Gutiérrez et al. 2017). Mixed helminths infections of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma spp. in dogs were reported by Cruz and Silva (1971) and Santos, Nhantumbo and Alho (2013); however, there was no reference to Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dogs, cattle and goats in the Magude District of Maputo Province, Mozambique.
The study was conducted between February and September 2015 in the localities of the Magude District (Figure 1), Maputo Province, Mozambique, namely Magude Sede, Motaze, Mapulanguene, Panjane and Mahele. The climate in the study area is dry sub-tropical, with an annual temperature average of 22 °C – 24 °C and the annual rainfall average of 630 mm (MAE 2005). Livestock production and agriculture associated with animal traction are the main livelihoods of the community (INE 2009). In the district, cattle are reared extensively, goats are housed at night and released in the morning to the communal grazing areas, and dogs are bred freely with many of them trained to shepherd cattle in grazing areas.
A total of 696 faecal samples were collected from the rectum of calves (n = 480), goat kids (n = 60) and dog pups (n = 156) all less than 7 months of age using a latex glove. Animals belonging to households pre-identified by the local veterinary technician were randomly selected at dip tanks during vaccination campaigns for calves, goats and dogs and a consent form was sought by each owner before sample collection. Sample consistence was classified as normal (soft to hard) or diarrheic (watery) and then transferred into tubes with caps which were labelled with individual details of each animal (animal species, age if possible and identification number) and transported in a cooler box to the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo, Mozambique, and kept at 4 °C until processed. A questionnaire was designed for dog owners and livestock farmers to collect information regarding animal husbandry, housing conditions, drinking water sources, feeding, treatment against parasitic infections and use of faeces in agricultural practices.
Faecal samples were processed for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts using the Willis flotation technique as described by Ueno and Gonçalves (1998). Identification of (oo)cysts was performed using morphological characteristics as described by Taylor et al. (2007). To concentrate the (oo)cysts in faecal samples, the formol-ether technique was used as described by Cheesbrough (1987). The pellet obtained from the concentration was used to prepare thin smears that were stained by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) method as described by Cheesbrough (1987) and observed under an optical microscope at 100× magnification for the presence or absence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The remainder of the pellet was transferred to Eppendorf tubes and preserved at -20 °C for further processing for the detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by direct and indirect IF tests (DIF and IIF).
The DIF test was carried out using a kit (MERIFLUOR® Cryptosporidium or Giardia; Meridian Diagnostic, United States [US]) according to the manufacturer's specification. All dog and goat samples were analysed; however, because of the lack of resources, only 237 calf samples were randomly selected and analysed by this technique.
The IIF test was conducted in all faecal samples except those from goats because the secondary antibody was derived from goats. For this technique, 25 µL of concentrated faeces by formol-ether method was transferred to an IF slide. This was left to dry for approximately 5 minutes and fixed with absolute methanol. Approximately 50 µL of primary antibody (Anti-Cryptosporidium parvum mAb, Abnova and anti-Giardia lamblia pAb, Abnova, Europe) diluted in (3%) bovine serum albumin (BSA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (1:500) was added to the smear, incubated for 1 h in a wet chamber and then washed three times in PBS Tween-20 (0.05%). One drop of the secondary antibody coupled to fluorescein (Goat pAb to Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst and Giardia cysts or FITC, Abcam) diluted in 3% BSA in PBS (1:1000) was added to the smear, incubated in the dark for 30 min and washed three times to remove the excess of fluorescein. To obtain the optimal dilution of the secondary antibody, serial dilutions were made starting from 1:10. A mounting reagent was added to the slide, covered with a coverslip and observed under a fluorescence microscope (100×).
A sample was considered positive if at least one cyst or oocyst of Giardia or Cryptosporidium was identified in the slide. The prevalence (%) was calculated as the number of positive samples divided by the total number of samples analysed multiplied by 100 (Thrusfield 1999). To analyse differences in the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium among the localities of the Magude District, a general linear multivariate model was applied in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. MediCalc software was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of mZN and IIF with the DIF test used as a gold standard.
This research was approved by the Scientific board of the Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
Giardia cysts were detected in calves, young goats and pups and Cryptosporidium oocysts in calves and dogs, as shown in Table 1. Prevalence values of Giardia and Cryptosporidium were high according to the IIF test in pups (8.3%, CI: 8.0–8.5) (6.4%, CI: 6.1–6.6) and calves (8.1%, CI: 7.9–8.3) (4.7%, CI: 4.5–4.8), respectively. Following this technique, the prevalence of Giardia by the DIF test was 5.7% (CI: 5.4–5.9) in pups, 6.0% (CI: 5.8–6.2) in calves and Cryptosporidium by the mZN test in calves was 3.8% (CI: 3.6–3.9). In general, high prevalence values of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were recorded in the locality of Magude Sede for calves and dogs by IIF and the lower in the locality of Mahele for Giardia, and this association was significant (p < 0.05) as represented in Table 1. Neither of these parasites was detected in dogs from Motaze and Mahele. The prevalence rate of Giardia spp. in goat kids from Motaze and Magude Sede was the same (6.66%) and in other localities, no positive was detected in this animal species.
All samples collected in calves and goat kids had normal consistency, whilst three of the 156 samples from pups were diarrhoeic (1.9%) and from these, only one was positive for Giardia trophozoites (0.6%) by the Willis method.
The sensitivity and specificity of IIF, Willis and mZN are presented in Table 2. The mZN method showed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96.20% and 100%) to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts in calves and dogs, respectively. The IIF method showed high sensitivity and specificity to both parasites, the sensitivity ranging between 88.89% and 100%, and the specificity between 95.38% and 98.51% for Giardia spp.; with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 93.15% and 93.9% for Cryptosporidium spp.
Other gastrointestinal helminths were observed in dog samples by the Willis method, namely Ancylostoma spp. with a prevalence of 60.3% (CI: 59.8–60.7) followed by Toxocara spp. (5.8% [CI: 5.6–5.9]), Trichuris vulpis (1.3% [CI: 1.2–1.4]), Spirocerca lupi 0.6% ([CI: 0.5–0.7]) and Taeniidae (1.9% [CI: 1.8–2.0]). In calves and goats, respectively, strongylid eggs were observed with prevalences of 50.8% (CI: 50.2–51.3) and 31.6% (CI: 30.5–32.6), Eimeria spp. with 17.5% (CI: 17.1–17.8) and 41.6% (CI: 40.4–42.7) and Moniezia spp. with 3.3% (CI: 3.1–3.4) and 11.6% (CI: 10.8–12.3).
The present study focussed on the diagnosis of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in livestock and dogs using copromicroscopical and immunological tests. This is the first study in Mozambique reporting parasites of the genus Giardia and Cryptosporidium in a mixed farming (cropping and livestock) rural community set-up.
The prevalence of 3.75% for Cryptosporidium spp. in calves by mZN in the present study is slightly higher than the prevalence reported in calves from 3 to 8 months (1.4%) and lower than the prevalence found in calves less than 3 months (16.6%) in a study made by Mtambo et al. (1997) in Tanzania using the same diagnostic technique. The categorisation of animals into two groups compared to this study may have caused this discrepancy. On the other hand, on most of the farms sampled in this study, the animals were kept housed, thus increasing the chances of transmission between animals (Taylor et al. 2007). The same factor may have contributed to the high prevalence of Giardia spp. (49%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (12%) found by Hamnes et al. (2006) in calves between 3 and 183 days from Norway using IF tests. In addition, animals from this Norwegian study were exposed to lower temperature conditions (between 3.6 °C and 14.0 °C) than from the animals of the Magude District (between 18 °C and 35 °C). High temperatures may reduce the viability of oocysts in the environment, whilst at temperatures near to 4 °C, the parasites can remain viable for more than 1 month (Adam 2014), hence increasing the risk of infection.
In general, the prevalence rates were higher by IIF compared to the DIF test for both parasites. Following the IIF method by mZN, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves was also high and similar results were reported by Mtambo et al. (1992). The high sensitivity of IIF compared to mZN was also reported by Ortega-Mora et al. (1999) where same concentrated faecal samples of ewes were negative when analysed by mZN but positive by IIF.
Diarrhoea is a common clinical sign in animals infected by Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. (Dawson 2005; O'Donoghue 1995). The low incidence of animals with diarrhoea may suggest a low pathogenic significance of these parasitic infections in dog pups and calves in the Magude District. Besides the low pathogenic significance, other factors associated with the absence of clinical signs in positive animals are: (1) the phase of excretion of (oo)cysts because the peak coincides with the peak of animals with diarrhoea which is between the ages of 8–14 days for Cryptosporidium oocysts in cattle (Causapé et al. 2002; Olson et al. 2004) and between 2 and 4 weeks for Giardia (Geurden, Vercruysse & Claerebout 2010); (2) development of an immunological response with the advancing age of animals (Huber, Bomfim & Gomes 2005) and (3) the virulence of the genotype involved (Adam 2014). Although it was not possible to confirm the species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia based on the techniques used, the zoonotic potential of these parasites should be taken into consideration, especially for Cryptosporidium spp. which is an opportunist in immune-compromised individuals such as those who are HIV-positive (Morgan et al. 2000). In Mozambique, Clavero et al. (1999) isolated Cryptosporidium spp. in HIV-infected humans.
The evaluation of sensitivity and specificity for Willis, mZN and IIF techniques compared to the DIF test showed a high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96% – 100%) for the mZN test in the detection of Cryptosporidium infections. Results from our study indicate that the mZN technique is highly reliable in the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. in faecal samples. Studies conducted by Zaglool et al. (2013) and Quílez et al. (1996) in the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. by mZN test indicated low sensitivities (73.3% and 79.3%, respectively) and a specificity approximating to the present study (95% and 100%, respectively). The high sensitivity of the mZN test to detect Cryptosporidium spp. in this study can be attributed to the concentration of oocysts in faecal samples using the formalin-ether technique prior to analysis by subsequent tests. Salleh et al. (2014) demonstrated that the sensitivity of mZN can be improved by the application of concentration techniques.
In general, the sensitivity of IIF and mZN tests in the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. was similar (100%) in this study, these results were also similar to findings by Rimhanen-Finne et al. (2007). Despite the similarity of results, the choice of diagnostic technique often depends on the availability of resources, time and the objective to be reached (diagnosis of specific parasite or multiple parasites) (Chalmers 2014). In the IIF technique specific antibodies against antigens produced by the parasite are used making it easy to read owing to the incidence of the fluorescent light in oo(cysts), indicated especially in cases of a low intensity of infections (Robertson 2014). The disadvantage of mZN staining is that the oocysts may be easily confused with faecal debris that take up the stains (Casemore, Armstrong & Sands 1985). The efficiency of IIF compared to mZN was reported by Ortega-Mora et al. (1999) where the concentrated faecal samples of ewes were negative when analysed by mZN and positive by IIF.
Ancylostoma spp. (60.25%) and Toxocara spp. (5.76%) diagnosed in dogs of the Magude District are of zoonotic potential and the epidemiology of this parasite is mainly associated with the high biotic potential of females and with transmammary infection by which larvae are transmitted to the offspring from the bitch (Taylor et al. 2007; Urquhart et al. 1998). The lower prevalence of Toxocara spp. compared with Ancylostoma spp. can be justified by the possible presence of animals with larvae in somatic tissues in which, instead of the larvae developing, maturing and producing eggs, they remain dormant in different tissues, and thus, there is a reduction or absence of eggs in faeces (Taylor et al. 2007).
There is a need for additional studies aimed at applying molecular techniques to identify the genotypes and subtypes of Giardia and Cryptosporidium involved in order to determine their zoonotic potential and to adopt effective control and prevention measures.
The authors are grateful to the financier UEM/ASDI 'Impact of Zoonotic Diseases on Public Health and Animal Production in Mozambique'. The authors are also thankful to all the collaborators from South Africa (Ms Pulane Malatji and Dr Oliver Zishiri) and from Mozambique (the Agricultural technician from the Magude District and the Parasitology Laboratory technician) involved in the sample collection.
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.
R.D.M., J.L., S.M.d.S.A. and S.M. conceived and designed the experiments R.D.M. and B.L. collected the samples from the field. R.D.M., S.M.d.S.A. and M.P.M. performed the experiments. R.D.M. and A.P.J. analysed the data. R.D.M. wrote the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The research was funded by UEM/ASDI 'Impact of Zoonotic Diseases on Public Health and Animal Production in Mozambique'.
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.
The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any affiliated agency of the authors.
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Thrusfield, M., 1999, Veterinary epidemiology, 2nd edn., pp. 179–212, Blackwell, Oxford.
Ueno, H. & Gonçalves, P.C., 1998, Manual para diagnóstico das Helmintoses de Ruminantes, 4a edição, pp. 12–14, Japan International Cooperation Agency.
Urquhart, G.M., Armour, J., Duncan, J.L., Dunn, A.M. & Jennings, F.W., 1998, Parasitologia veterinária, 2nd edn., pp. 46, 47, 60, 61, 183–204, Blackwell Science, New Jersey.
Wang, R.J., Li, J.Q., Chen, Y.C., Zhang, L.X., Xiao, L.H., 2018, 'Widespread occurrence of Cryptosporidium infections in patients with HIV/AIDS: Epidemiology, clinical feature, diagnosis, and therapy', Acta Tropica 187, 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.018
Zaglool, D.A.M., Mohamed, A., Khodari, Y.A.W. & Farooq, M.U., 2013, 'Crypto-Giardia antigen rapid test versus conventional modified Ziehl- Neelsen acid fast staining method for diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis', Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 6(3), 212–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60025-5
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[World History] Large Group of Books on World History. Approx. 43. Various publishers and dates. Very good. From the colle... (Total: 43 Items)Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
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Description[World History] Large Group of Books on World History. Approx. 43. Various publishers and dates. Very good. From the collection of Zita Books.
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I got to play with gorgeous fabric again. This time, I made a wristlet version of my latest wallet pattern. Have you met the Enya Wallet Pattern yet? Brand new and it's a great pattern to show off pretty fabric, even the tiniest details. Also, a great project for fussy cutting, which makes it perfect for the Rhapsody prints. Come take a look!
This post may contain affiliate links. Thanks for your support.
Sewing with cute fabric is my favorite way of spending some me-time. Also, designing new sewing patterns! I saw both of my passions coming together perfectly when I found out about Sedef's new fabric collection for Riley Blake Designs, Rhapsody. (get it here) Time to play! I decided to test how my brand new pattern, the Enya Wallet would work in these pretty florals. Now, you tell me!
Fabric: the Rhapsody Collection by Sedef Immer
Pattern: My Brand NEW Enya Wallet Pattern
I really really love the happy colors used in the prints, and the vintage touch of Sedef's florals. Her collections are such an inspiration, always.
I've decided to do a little fussy cutting and centered a bouquet of flowers from the Rhapsody Main Pink on the front flap of my wristlet wallet. The perfect place for it! I loved where this was going, and decided to play with the Rhapsody Dots in teal, and the combo turned out beautiful!
This wallet size is perfect for anyone who likes convenience and is tired of losing their phone, wallet and keys in their purse! (Even a detachable keyholder option - check out more features here) It's also the perfect pattern to show off your favorite fabric, just the project I was looking for!
The Enya pattern is large enough to carry all your wallet necessities including your phone, but is small enough to slip into a larger bag (say, the large size of this Sophia Fold-Over Bag). You can use it with the original removable crossbody strap that's included in the pattern, or you can exchange it for a wristlet strap like I did here (use this tutorial) and that turns it into a cute wristlet.
And here's some of the 'inner life' of the wristlet wallet, where I used the Rhapsody Main in white colorway, with Riley Peony solid from the Confetti Cottons collection.
I'm completely in love with these florals, and so is my 3-yr old daughter who wanted me to sew one for her, too. Allegedly she urgently needed it for her tiny fairy figures collection. :) So I made one with a full crossbody strap for her, too, to have her hands free when playing and running around the house:
For this, crossbody version of the wallet, I used the Rhapsody Main fabric in teal colorway, along with the fun Rhapsody Dots in hot pink, and the Peony and Riley Raspberry solids from RBD's Confetti Cottons collection. Love love love!
I find the Rhapsody fabric perfect for fussy cutting. If you like that, you absolutely need to check out Sedef's latest book Zakka Home. It's so popular it's going to second print already! And the Rhapsody collection will be shipping to stores any day now, so make sure to follow @rileyblakedesigns on Instagram for more inspiration.
To see more of the Rhapsody collection, check out these talented bloggers who will soon share their own projects. Can't wait to see them myself!
To see more of the Rhapsody collection, check out these talented bloggers who will soon share their own projects. Can't wait to see them myself!
Plus, you can find my new Enya Wallet Pattern (HERE). Happy sewing!
Get this Pattern NOW
If you like what you see, check out this link to the pattern HERE:
Get the Pattern HERE.
If you like what you see, check out this link to the pattern HERE:
|Get the Pattern HERE.


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JACKSONVILLE, Fla. — The Jacksonville Icemen announced on Tuesday that the team has been sold to SZH Hockey LLC led by a Jacksonville resident.
The LLC is led by resident Andrew Kaufmann and includes Icemen President Bob Ohrablo.
"I want to thank Ron Geary and our partners for sharing my vision for hockey in Jacksonville," Ohrablo said. "From the beginning, our priority was to have a team locally owned. The addition of Andy Kaufmann completes that vision and we are excited at what Andy brings to the Icemen organization and to the region."
Kaufmann is now the CEO and Governor of the Icemen.
"My family and I are excited about working with the Icemen organization," said Kaufmann. "We look forward to growing Icemen Nation to new heights in the years to come. My role will be serving as a steward for what is the community's team."


text: Hernandez was raised with his older brother Oscar by his parents until he was 13, when his father was shot dead steps away from the family home. Following the murder, Hernandez was hospitalized for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Hernandez also suffers from asthma. Emotionally disturbed by the death of his father, Hernandez started to act out and was eventually expelled from school in the 8th grade for bad behavior. Rather than continuing his education, he started working at various jobs such as being a busboy and a delivery boy at a grocery store to help his mother financially. Hernandez also dealt drugs to supplement his income, most notably selling cannabis and heroin on the streets while working at a local Brooklyn bodega. He was eventually arrested for his criminal activities and sentenced to prison time at Rikers Island, where he began to associate himself with the Nine Trey Gangsters, a prison subset of the Bloods street gang. Hernandez began his career as a rapper in 2014, releasing songs such as "69" and "Scumlife". Other early songs were taken down by YouTube.


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Please join us for a U.S.-Knowledge Exchange event at the Consulate General of India in New York City on Monday, September 17th. This event invites regional university representatives interested in learning more about how US universities can partner and collaborate in India.
Welcome & Opening Remarks
Sandeep Chakravorty, Consul General of India in New York
Keynote Address: The Promise of Higher Education Reform in India
Dr. Arvind Panagariya, Professor of Economics and the Jagdish Bhagwati Professor of Indian Political Economy, Columbia University
Roundtable Discussion:
Opportunities & Challenges to Cross-Border Collaboration in Higher Education
Joan Kanlian, International Trade Specialist at the International Trade Administration
George Joseph, Deputy Director of the Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale University
Panel Discussion:
Aligning Development Priorities of Indian States with Funding for Research
Sanjeev Joshipura, Executive Director of Indiaspora
Closing Comments & Next Steps:
Nilkanth Avhad, Counselor (Economic) at the Indian Embassy to the United States
Networking Reception


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Product Details
The Galvin Green Delta snood is a brilliantly versatile accessory for the winter months. Made from Galvin Green's infamous Insula fabrics, this snood insulates your own body heat whilst remaining lightweight and extremely breathable.
- Warming snood/bandana/neckwarmer in Insula material
- Soft and stretchy material insulates body heat while allowing breathability
- Can be used at a hat, headband, snood or scarf
- Galvin Green and Insula logos
- Made from 90% Polyester / 10% Elastane. Machine washable
Product Reviews
Orders over £60 qualify for FREE standard delivery (3-4 Days)
Orders under £60 are charged a flat rate of £2.99
Orders placed before 2pm (GMT) on a working day will be dispatched on the same day
Express delivery (1-2 Days) is available at £4.99
Next Day delivery is available at £6.99
Orders placed between 8th November and Christmas Day can be returned for exchange or credit note up until the 8th January 2020. This does not effect your statutory rights.
If, for any reason, you are not happy with your purchase you can return it to us within 14 days for an exchange or refund. We will refund the value of the returned items using the original payment method within 5 working days of receiving the goods.
For further information, please visit our returns page.


text:
Current law students will be given first priority.
Projected Duties and Responsibilities:
1. Provide support and assistance in the daily operations of the Intercollegiate Services Department.
2. Utilize both internal and NCAA Compliance software to perform daily responsibilities.
3. Complete a comprehensive compliance project in the areas of amateurism, recruiting, eligibility, financial aid, awards/benefits, and playing/practice season.
4. Provide rules education initiatives to various departmental groups and other stakeholders.
5. Other duties and responsibilities as assigned by Sr. Associate AD, Intercollegiate Services or Director of Compliance.
Experience, Education, Training, and Skills:
1. Bachelor's Degree required.
2. Current law student or recent law school graduate preferred.
3. General knowledge and awareness of issues surrounding intercollegiate athletics.
4. Interest in pursuing NCAA Compliance as a career.
5. Excellent written and verbal communication skills.
6. Excellent organizational and customer service skills.


text:
Isaac Asimov was born in 1920 in Russia and was brought to the USA by his parents three years later. He grew up in Brooklyn and attended Columbia University. After a short spell in the army, he gained a doctorate and worked in academia and chemical research.
Asimov's career as a science fiction writer began in 1939 with the short story `Marooned Off Vesta'. Thereafter he became a regular contributor to the leading SF magazines of the day. Asimov wrote hundreds of short stories and novels, including the iconic I, Robot and Foundation. He won the Hugo Award four times and the Nebula Award once.
Apart from his world-famous science fiction, Asimov also wrote highly successful detective mystery stories, a four-volume History of North America, a two-volume Guide to the Bible, a biographical dictionary, encyclopaedias, and textbooks, as well as two volumes of autobiography.
Asimov died in 1992 at the age of 72.
'One of the most staggering achievements in modern SF' The Times on the Foundation Books 'Monumentally good ideas... fascinating' Damon Knight 'Asimov displayed one of the most dynamic imaginations in science fiction' Daily Telegraph 'Asimov's career was one of the most formidable in science fiction' The Times


text:
Part of the "Curse of the Mutants" event
X-Men Vol 3 #11
Chief Creative Officer
Previous Issue
Next Issue
(Title) X-Men Vol 3 #12
(Story) X-Men: Giant-Size #1
- I've had years to reflect, to consider how different he is from the rest of his kind. Somehow he found a way to overcome his nature and live on his own terms. He's not like Dracula, Jubilee, not like Xarus. And you don't have to be either.
Appearing in "Blood Hunt"
Featured Characters:
- Professor X (Charles Xavier) (Main story and flashback)
- Jubilee (Jubilation Lee)
Supporting Characters:
- Raizo Kodo (Only in flashback)
- Svetlana (Only in flashback)
- Thorn (Only in flashback)
Other Characters:
- X-Men
- Angel (Warren Worthington III)
- Anole (Victor Borkowski)
- Armor (Hisako Ichiki)
- Blindfold (Ruth Aldine)
- Bling! (Roxy Washington)
- Gambit (Remy LeBeau)
- Mercury (Cessily Kincaid)
- Pixie (Megan Gwynn)
- Psylocke (Betsy Braddock)
- Rockslide (Santo Vaccarro)
- Storm (Ororo Munroe)
- Trance (Hope Abbott)
- Wolverine (Logan)
- New Mutants
- Max (Only in flashback)
- Reggie (Only in flashback)
- Utopia (X-Men Base)
- Kenya (Only in flashback)
Synopsis for "Blood Hunt"
- Synopsis not yet written.
Solicit Synopsis
Jubilee has been turned by the dark forces of the undead. And though the battle with the vampires is over, Jubilee's own battle has just begun. Now a vampire living amongst an army of mutants, Jubilee struggles to find her place and to keep her vampire cravings at bay. But unbeknownst to her, one of her fellow X-Men may just hold the key to curing her of her thirst for blood. Could Professor Xavier's own encounter with a vampire hold the key to her salvation?
See Also
- Write your own review of this comic!
- Discuss X-Men Vol 3 11 on the forums
- 6 Images from X-Men Vol 3 11
|Like this? Let us know!
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


text:
LILA EDITHMonday, September 2, 2019 9:14:04 AM
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