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Archaeological Tours to Greece
All of our forthcoming Scheduled Tours to Greece are listed below.
This tour visits the battlefields of one of the least visited and much overlooked campaigns of the First World War. Based in the quiet and untouched area of northern Greece and just over the border in Macedonia, the early spring will make for a pleasant, rustic and fascinating tour. find out more and book
Operation Mercury is the fascinating story of a high risk operation fought across a stunning Mediterranean landscape. We follow these hard fought actions along the dramatic coast lines of Crete. find out more and book


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To whom it may concern:
I had purchased a Premium membership to this site on October 9, 2012,
under the name dwaynecalgary.
Despite still seeing my name on the list of premium members,
I have been unable to login using my username and password.
(and have further found that the lost password feature is not working for me)
I have also been unable to reach the site's owner to correct this,
despite no fewer than 7 emails sent by both the contact form and my email client,
using the return email address on my paypal receipt.
Can someone please contact the site's owner to help me out with this???
Thanks in advance,

subset: commoncrawl


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Join BCS (and calling all existing members!)If you care about Bromley and its heritage and green spaces, please support us by joining the Society. Membership per household is only £10 per year. You can join or renew your membership either by visiting our membership portal. or by sending a cheque with a letter giving your full name, postal address, where possible your email address, and a contact telephone number to the Membership Secretary, 3 Hayes Road, Bromley BR2 9AF.
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Tag Archives: Orpington
Bromley Museum
We reported in our March 2015 newsletter about the planned closure of Bromley Museum and the sale of the Priory buildings in Orpington. Although LB Bromley acknowledge that the museum contains important collections, we understand that the intention is still … Continue reading


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Uzbekistan is probably the country with the best preserved relics from the time of the Great Silk Road between Europe and China. The main Central Asian cities on that road were Kriva, Buchara, Samarkand and Tashkent, and they are still symbols of oriental beauty and mystery. This trip to Uzbekistan includes a stop in each of there cities.
The Centarl Asian region was famous even before Europeans discovered silk. Alexander the Great set up at least 8 cities in Central Asia between 334 - 323 BC. Then China opened its boarders around 138 BC and the region flourished because of the active trade with silk and other essential goods. Between 484 - 1150 Huns, Turks and Arabs came from the west and the Arabs brought with them the new religion of Islam. Many mosques and madrassahs were built in the following centuries. Some of those buildings were destroyed during the invasion of the Genghis Khan in 1220. Later Timur, known also as Tamerlane, restaured the once famous cities by using the labor of slaves and artists captured during successful crusades. Timur conquered Persia, Baghdad, and lead expeditions to Anatolia and India. Most of the architecture that is found in Samarkand was build or restaured by Timur and his grandson Ulugbek. This tour represents the best of what has remained from ancient times, influenced and modified by all the empires that have settled there over the centuries.
Tour Highlights:
♦ Khiva - The inner town, or Itchan Kala, is encircled by brick walls, whose foundations are believed to be laid in the 10th century.
♦ Bukhara - The town boasting more than 140 architectural monuments.
♦ Samarkand - one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world (about 2,500 years old), prospering from its location on the trade route between China and Europe (Silk Road).
♦ Tashkent - Uzbekistan's modern capital, which shows its roots as a Silk Road City even today.
Day 1: Tashkent
Arrival to Tashkent, transfer to your hotel and accommodation after 14:00 h. Overnight in Tashkent.
Day 2: Tashkent - Samarkand
Sightseeing tour in Tashkent after breakfast - Kukeldash Madrassah, Kafal-al-Shashi Mausoleum, Barak Khan Madrassah, the Chor-Su Oriental Market, Khast-Imam Square, Independence Square etc. In the afternoon leave for Samarkand. Accommodation at a hotel and overnight in Samarkand.
Day 3: Samarkand
Sightseeing in Samarkand: the famous Registan Square with the three beautifully decorated madrassahs, the Bibi Khanum Mosque, the Gur-Emir Mausoleum, the Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, Ulugbek observatory. Overnight in Samarkand.
Day 4: Samarkand - Bukhara
After breakfast departure to Bukhara. Accommodation at a hotel. In the afternoon city tour: Lyabi House Architectural Ensemble, Kukeldash Madrassah (16 c), Taqi (trading domes) etc. Overnight in Bukhara.
Day 5: Bukhara
The sightseeing in Bukhara continues: Ismael Samani Mausoleum, Bolo-Hauz complex (18 c), the Ark Fortress (16 c), Poi-Kalyan Ensemble including the 12 c. minaret a 15 c. mosque, Ulugbeg Madrassah. In the afternoon you move outside Bukhara to see Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa Palace and Bakhautdin Naqshbandi Complex. Overnight in Bukhara
Day 6: Bukhara - Khiva
Transfer to Khiva across the Kyzyl Kum desert and along the Amurdarya River (450 km.) Overnight in Khiva
Day 7: Khiva - Tashkent
Sightseeing tour in Khiva: Kunya-Ark fortress, Pakhlavan Mahmoud Complex, Islam Haji Minaret, Tash Khauli Complex, Alakuli Khan palace, Juma Mosque etc. Transfer to Urgench airport for an evening flight to Tashkent. Transfer to the hotel and overnight in Tashkent.
Day 8: Tashkent, departure
Transfer to the airport for departure.
Practical information: Ō¢║ A 3-day/2-night tour to Fergana Valley can be arranged before the main program with 1 night in Tashkent and 1 night in Fergana, visiting Kokand, Rishtan, Kuva and Margilan. Ō¢║July is not recommended travel period due to high temperatures at that time of the year Ō¢║you will be part of an international group but we cannot say in advance how many people there will be and of what nationality Ō¢║Uzbek currency is called sum or som (UZS). Credit card payment is not a general practice. The most usual way to pay is in cash. The generally accepted currency is USD Ō¢║Visa to Uzbekistan can be obtained in advance online by many nationalities: https://e-visa.gov.uz/main On 1st February Uzbekistan has introduced visa-free regime to many countries - please, check with us whether this is the case for you.
Recommended travel period of the year: spring, autumn
The following companies have flights to Tashkent: Aeroflot, Turkish Airlines, Uzbekistan Airways etc.
No special experience is needed; everyone who is in condition to cope with long Saturday walks in the forest can also cope with these tours. As a rule, the trips are short and at a low altitude. Often, it is your choice to join or skip a day-tour. The routes follow a hilly terrain without steep ascents and descents. Normally we walk 3/5h a day.
Most of you, who are used to walking/cycling during a long weekend, will be in condition to cope with a tour of this level. You should be in a good health condition. We have successive days of longer and more difficult walking and days of lighter walking/cycling. Some parts of the day routes are done at a higher altitude. The paths are in good condition. We walk/cycle for 5/7h a day.
29.11.2019 17:30
Every year on the 19th of January a procession of priests, locals and visitors all chanting, singing and dancing enthusiastically fills the streets of the Ethiopian cities. It's the...
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African safaris have long been the ultimate travel dream for people of all ages and interests and will always be a sought after experience. However, with the many destinations and different types of...
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Travellers from the seventh to the twenty first century have spoken eloquently of the charm and hospitality of Kyrgyz, the "jewel of Turkestan". When the Chinese traveler-monk Xuan Zang,...
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The largest islands of Indonesia are Java, Sumatra, Borneo (shared with Malaysia and Brunei), Sulawesi and New Guinea (these are shared with Papua New Guinea). Indonesia has land borders with...


text: For its latest beauty campaign, Armani resurrects Megan Fox's inner Jennifer's Body and transforms the actress into a gorgeous goth. Of his choice to work with Fox, Armani stated, "She embodies the spirit of the women of today. Her beautiful features reveal femininity, sensuality and strength." We couldn't agree more.


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In this scenario, there are two types of attempt that took place consecutively: completed and incomplete attempt.
First, it was completed when he pointed the gun at Jack and fired, mistakenly killing Pratt instead of Bert. Bert took all the required steps necessary to commit the criminal offense. He possessed all the three elements of criminal attempt, which are: an intent or purpose to commit a crime, an act or acts toward the commission of the crime and a failure to commit the crime. And attempt punishes an unsuccessful effort to commit a crime and specific intent or purpose to accomplish a criminal offense and an act to carry out the purpose are the requirements to convict an individual for inchoate crimes such as attempt which the suspect is guilty of. Therefore, however, the suspect in this case is liable for attempted murder and punishable such an offense. In the case of PEOPLE v. KIMBALL, 109 Mich. App. 273 (1981), 311 N.W.2d 343, a defendant was convicted and sentenced ...view middle of the document...
He has already posed a threat to the targeted individual and the society in genaral even when the crime was not actualized. For this reason, the court was not correct in dismissing the case.
Again, the prosecutor may argue that the objective aspect of the crime was missed, in other words, the defendant missed his target and therefore, should not be held liable for murder. From the Model Penal Code or substantial step toward the commission of a crime perspective, the court was not correct in dismissing the charge because, the suspect's act's were sufficient to clearly indicate that he poossessed an intent to commit the crime. In addition, his intent and act are under common law. So, while the intent of the suspect was to shoot Bert but inadvertently shot Pratt, the intent was then transferred which still made him liable for the attempted murder. For example, in the case of People v. Conley, Conley intended to hit Mary instead struck and inflicted severe injuries on another person. The common law doctrine of transferred intent states that the defendant's guilt is exactly what it would have been had the perpetrator intnet not have fallen on a bystander. However, Conley was convicted with aggravated battery. Therefore, the court was wrong in dismiising the case. The second attempt from this case was an impossible attempt. The perpetrated had taken all the necessary preparations towards the commission of the crime but was unable. He abandoned his act because the gun jammed. His abandonment was not voluntary rather involuntary. It was due to the gun's mechanical error which was external and undecided of him. His act is punishable because he did not abandone the crime purposefully rather as a result of external circumstances not caused by him. I think that the suspect's abandonment of the crime was too late as the trial court ruled in the case of People v Stephens,84 Mich.App. 250, 255; 269 N.W.2d 552 (1978).
Lippman, M. (2009). Contemporary Criminal Law: Concepts, Cases, and Controversies (2nd ed). Chicago: Sage publications


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Over 1000 multi-storey car parks have been completed in the UK and across Europe provide proof.
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Individual building solutions for industry and trade Functionality, flexibility and efficiency - these are the requirements for modern warehouse construction. We build production warehouses with a clear, open working atmosphere, distribution and production warehouses (also temperature-controlled), specialty stores and shopping centres. We also realize complex presentation and exhibition centres with numerous additional functions. If desired, we provide the hall with solar panels and we also take care of the outside area.
Schools & University Buildings
GOLDBECK educational buildings are functional, sustainable and fulfil all requirements in terms of modern education and learning. At GOLDBECK we are now one of the leading school developers in Europe.
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Eagle 2
Hatchford Way
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+44 121 74127 99


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The Serenade
From Liberalia Wiki
The Region of The Serenade
|The Serenade
|Info: NSEconomy RC XML
The Serenade is a region devoted to roleplaying and opposing the legitimate government of Liberalia. It was founded by known spy New Caldari, shortly before his suspension from the region forums. It is home to all Liberalia's past traitors and villains, including:
Four Hectares, former member of the Guardian Council, who left Liberalia after an argument with Carops, before divulging the passwords to the Liberalia forum's hidden sections in an effort to overthrow the government. He was a co-founder of The Serenade, where he moved after a brief spell in Canada. Four Hectares has since been a constant source of anti-Liberalian propaganda and has finally admitted his crimes in private, while refusing to acknowledge them in public.
Julio Trigman,former member of the Guardian Council and Speaker, who was founded to be responsible for massive electoral fraud, and treason to the region. Trigman's crimes in Liberalia are well-known, and he is never far from Liberalian politics due to the large number of puppet nations he keeps for the sole purpose of interfering in Liberalia.
Atholon, a former member of FAN, was responsible for actually carrying out an attempted spying run in Liberalia along with Senorak Valley of The Exodus. Liberalia rather quickly caught Atholon and all his subsequent puppets, although he was briefly allowed to stay in Liberalia recently as a gesture of goodwill, which all expected him to break.
Northern Sushi, notorious for his attempt to blackmail the government by threatening to reveal restricted information in order to incriminate Liberalia. Sushi was subsequently sentenced to ejection for six months, which he is still serving. During his time in the region, he was proactive in attempting to disrupt the business of the region and went about insulting Liberalian ambassadors and the region throughout the forums of NS in an effort to damage the region's image.
Loslakia, the former Christmas Revolutionary who was famous for his massive electoral fraud attempts, now also resides in The Serenade. Loslakia was tried in absentia following his self-imposed exile from the region. He was since refused re-entry on several occasions, when each time it appeared that he had been grossly dishonest with regional officials and was placing puppets throughout the region.
New Caldari, the puppet master responsible for much of the spying in Liberalia, who threatened the Liberalia government with invasions from FAN, where he was foreign minister. Caldari manipulated Liberalia to serve his own purposes and was suspended from the forum after making direct threats to regional ministers. When it emerged that Caldari had been organising spying in the region and attempting to recruit Liberalians to his own region of The Serenade, he was ejected. He was the founder of the Serenade, where he continues to hold a wide array of anti-Liberalian and anti-Carops views.
Snowflake/UNPERSON, an amusing figure whose attempts to sow fear in Liberalia have generally only resulted in great humour among Liberalians being directed towards him. Famous for his cryptic comments and veiled threats, Snowflake bravely failed to reveal who he actually was to Liberalian officials and was hence ejected. Since then, Snowflake, who doesn't actually know much about Liberalia himself, has continued to persue a cause which is none of his business, attacking Liberalia over crimes which have nothing to do with him, and accusing people whom he has never met. For this reason, Unperson is generally considered a figure of fun amongst Liberalians, who enjoy impersonating him. The complete three set Volumne of the Poetry of UNPERSON is available in Hardback for $79.89 plus postage and handling.
Overs include, fellow Spy Senorak Valley, Typophiles, and Latagon.
Relations with Liberalia
For obvious reasons, relations between The Serenade and Liberalia are very poor, with large numbers of people on either side intensely disliking the other. Offensive remarks are constantly levelled against Liberalian founder Carops by Serenade members, and this has continued to provide a bone of contention between the regions, combined with unprovable false Serenadian allegations that Liberalia is a dictatorship. Prime Minister Soccersian enterred the Serenade to discuss the terms of a neutrality pact with the region's members. Many Liberalians, including Timberlake and Carops, have been very critical of this, as Soccersian has blamed Liberalians for the crisis, and not the Serenade. Athoon and Senorak Valley were thus permitted access to the Liberalia forums in September 2006 in the interests of peace, a peace which some Liberalians do not want.


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By Janette Gellatly - the Southland Express
Fashionistas will have an eye-feast at this year's Chrysalis SIT fashion students show, Metanoia.
Media manager Kasandra Rattrie said there were ''more models and more garments'' than at any previous fashion showcase, with a pool of 90 models this year.
The nine designers graduating this year who were showing their work each needed seven models, while two designers from last year were also showing their work.
''This is the most [models and designers] the show has ever had.''
Each year a different theme was chosen, with ''Metanoia, turning into light for a bright future'' chosen for this show.
The evening would be divided into fashion sections, including a collection of six looks, a client project such as Invercargill Town Crier Lynley McKerrow's new robes, street wear, and corsetry.
There would also be a section for garments which were part of the students' ''inspired by nature'' portfolio, and a few 2015 Hokonui Fashion Design Award winners, Ms Rattrie said.
Live music by SIT music students would begin the show, with salsa dancing during the interval.
What: SIT Chrysalis Graduate Show, Metanoia
When: Tuesday, November 10, 7pm
Where: Centrestage Theatre, Don St.
Tickets: $10, from SIT main campus reception (Tay St) and SIT Fashion Shop (SIT Arcade).
Photo: Metallic: Metanoia media manager Kasandra Rattrie alongside one of the garments created by Year two Bachelor of Fashion student Olivia Dowling which will feature in this year's Southern Institute of Technology Chrysalis Graduate Show.
Follow our Fashion students on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SIT-Fashion-Chrysalis-Graduate-Show-323582717803786
Freepost SIT2LRN,
133 Tay Street,
New Zealand
Freephone in NZ:
08004 0 3337
Phone: +64 3 2112699
Fax: +64 3 214 4977
Email: email@example.com
© 2000-2019
For more information, call
0800 4 0 Fees (0800 4 0 3337)
SIT's Zero Fees Scheme allows New Zealand citizens, New Zealand permanent residents and Australian citizens residing in New Zealand the opportunity to study approved programmes without paying tuition fees. The Zero Fees Scheme, where available, applies only to the base tuition fee attached to each programme of study. Direct Material Costs apply. Direct material costs are costs that relate directly to students, for example, to cover your uniform, texts, tools, activities and NZQA charges.


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San Antonio Texas Mortgage Rates Credit Union Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loans | RBFCU – A fixed-rate mortgage has an interest rate that remains the same for the entire term of the loan. Get started today with RBFCU with your fixed-rate mortgage.. Fixed-Rate Mortgages. is a trusted financial partner for thousands of members in Texas, as well as around the world. RBFCU offers.
San Antonio Texas has a lot of mortgage lenders, and we know you have a decision in your home loan shopping process. At Lone Star Financing we can provide a level of customer service and home loan options that most traditional mortgage brokers or even your bank can not make available.
Firstmark Credit Union (formerly San Antonio Teachers Credit Union) is a member-owned, locally controlled not-for-profit financial cooperative. It was chartered in 1932, giving it the honor of being the oldest state-chartered credit union in San Antonio, Texas.
Getting a loan for your new or used vehicle at a credit union is a smart decision. Credit Unions typically have lower auto loan rates than banks. With 24 San Antonio credit unions offering vehicle loans in the area, be sure to call or stop to get the lowest auto loan rates.
Mortgage Rates Today San Antonio texas capital bank Launches eMortgages – DALLAS, Dec. 11, 2018 /PRNewswire/ — Inc. (NASDAQ [®] : TCBI), the parent company of Texas Capital Bank, announced today the launch of their. Houston and San Antonio. For.
It pays to shop around for refinance rates in San Antonio, TX. Get free quotes from multiple mortgage refinance lenders to find a competitive rate for your home loan.
Mortgage rates in San Antonio, Texas Here are the mortgage rates as of 10 a.m. Wednesday in San Antonio, TX. The 30-year fixed mortgage rates vary from 4.08 percent to 4.56 percent.
Downtown development in San Antonio would be almost impossible without the current cocktail of local incentives and federal loans, developers agreed at. locking in the interest rate at 3.7% over 40.
In some cases, FHA insurance allows homebuyers to finance approximately 96.5 % of the value of their home purchased with their FHA mortgage.
Balcones Heights, Texas-Dougherty Mortgage LLC has closed a $3.3 million Fannie Mae loan for the refinancing of Balcones Lofts. near the heart of San Antonio, the property offers one-, two- and.
Refinance Your Car in San Antonio, TX Have you ever thought about how much money you could save each month by refinancing your car at a lower rate and monthly payment? Broadway Bank of San Antonio makes car refinancing easy with the low rates and flexible terms that put a little extra money in your pocket each month.
There was such little yield available because rates were so low," Camp. "It's a super competitive market [for loans] right now. Almost any borrower can finance anything." JPMorgan Chase's clients.


text: Hauser & Wirth Opening Day Sales December 5, 2012 by Marion Maneker Roni Horn, Untitled ("Water is best.") 2011 Solid cast glass with as-cast surfaces USD $850,000.00 Guillermo Kuitca (b. 1961) Untitled, 2010 Oil on canvas, USD $300,000.00 More from Art Market MonitorAudio: Matisse, Back No. 4Hauser & Wirth ABMB 2012, Day 2That's a Lot of Stingel'Emerging Market Buyers' Will Take Any Old RodinVernissage TV: LISTE 2015Honey, I Shrunk the Botero PrintTweet


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After opening matches, Mosa's took the early top spot in the 2017 Budweiser Men's Futsal League rankings, based on superior goal differential.
Mosa's started off its season on the right foot with an 11-6 win over the University of Guam Tritons in Sunday's late game at the Guam Sports Complex Gym, according to a news release.
In other matches:
- A James Bush header for Quality Distributors with a little over four minutes left to play against the Bank of Guam Strykers was the game-tying goal. The teams ended with a 7-7 draw, the news release stated.
- The Islanders FC beat the Crushers FC 6-4.
The league's other two teams, Papi FC and NAPA Rovers FC had byes. Both will play their first games in Week 2, according to the news release
Guam Shipyard, the league's 2016 champions, withdrew from competition before the opening matches.
- A schedule of matches is available online at www.guamfa.com/all-leagues-


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Mehr über die Mitgliedschaft bei Scribd erfahren
Entdecken, was Scribd alles zu bieten hat, inklusive Bücher und Hörbücher von großen Verlagen.
ARTICLE IV & V CASE DIGESTS AND BAR QUESTIONS Article IV Go vs. Ramos, G.R. No. 167569, September 4, 2009 Facts: These petitions stemmed from the complaint-affidavit for deportation initiated by Luis T. Ramos before the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation (now Bureau of Immigration) against Jimmy T. Go alleging that the latter is an illegal and undesirable alien. He submitted as proof, Jimmys birth certificate indicating that the latters citizenship is Chinese. The birth certificates of Jimmys siblings also indicate that they are Chinese. Jimmy, as a defense, explained that he is Filipino since his father is also a Filipino, having elected Philippine citizenship in accordance with Article IV, Section 1, paragraph 4 of the 1935 Constitution and Commonwealth Act No. 625, while his mother is Filipina. Issue: Does the principle of res judicata apply to decisions on citizenship? Ruling: Citizenship proceedings, as aforestated, are a class of its own, in that, unlike other cases, res judicata does not obtain as a matter of course. In a long line of decisions, this Court said that every time the citizenship of a person is material or indispensable in a judicial or administrative case, whatever the corresponding court or administrative authority decides therein as to such citizenship is generally not considered as res judicata; hence, it has to be threshed out again and again as the occasion may demand. Res judicata may be applied in cases of citizenship only if the following concur: 1. A persons citizenship must be raised as a material issue in a controvers y where said person is a party; 2. The Solicitor General or his authorized representative took active part in the resolution thereof; and 3. The finding or citizenship is affirmed by this Court. In the event that the citizenship of Carlos will be questioned, or his deportation sought, the same has to be ascertained once again as the decision which will be rendered hereinafter shall have no preclusive effect upon his citizenship. As neither injury nor benefit will redound upon Carlos, he cannot be said to be an indispensable party in this case. Borough of Duryea vs. Guarnieri, 564 US (2011) Facts: Charles Guarnieri filed a union grievance challenging his termination as chief of police for the borough of Duryea. The arbitrator found that the council committed errors in connection with the termination. The arbitrator ordered Guarnieri reinstated. Upon Guarnieris retu rn, the council issued 11 directives. Guarnieri filed a second union grievance challenging the directives. Guarnieri claimed that his first union grievance was a petition protected by the Petition Clause of the First Amendment, and he alleged that the directives issued upon his reinstatement were retaliation for that protected activity. Defendants appealed on the ground that Guarnieris grievances and lawsuit did not address matters of public concern. Issue: Is the right to petition the government a right available to citizens and non-citizens? Ruling: The right to petition the government is a right available only to citizens. The right to petition allows citizens to express their ideas, hopes, and concerns to their government and their elected representatives, whereas the right to speak fosters the public exchange of ideas that is integral to deliberative democracy as well as to the whole realm of ideas and human affairs. Beyond the political sphere, both speech and petition advance personal expression, although the right to petition is generally concerned with expression directed to the government seeking redress of a grievance. Kilosbayan vs. Janolo, G.R. No. 180543, July 27, 2010 Facts: On July 9, 2007, private respondent Gregory Ong, following the promulgation of the Courts decision in Kilosbayan Foundation v. Ermita, filed a petition under Rule 108, Rules of Court for the amendment/correction/supplementation or annotation of the entry on citizenship in his Certificate of Birth over which public respondent Leoncio Janolo, Jr. presided. Via the present recourse of certiorari and prohibition, petitioners Kilosbayan Foundation and Bantay Katarungan Foundation assail four orders and the decision emanating from the proceedings in the RTC case. The RTC granted Ongs petition and recognized him as a natural -born citizen of the Philippines. Issue: Can substantial corrections to the citizenship of persons recorded in the civil registry be effected through an ex parte application? Ruling: No. The Court, in Kilosbayan Foundation v. Ermita, stated that substantial corrections to the nationality or citizenship of persons recorded in the civil registry are effected through a petition filed in court under Rule 108 of the Rules of Court. Jurisprudence has settled that such proceedings are adversarial in nature or [o]ne having opposing parties; contested, as distinguished from an ex parte application, one which the party seeking relief has given legal warning to the other party, and afforded the latter an opportunity to contest it. In this case, impleaded as defendants were the Civil Registrar of San Juan, Metro Manila and any other person having or claiming an interest under the entry sought to be corrected, the interest of the State was amply represented by the Office of the Solicitor General, while petitioners interest was deemed waived when they failed to appear and file a responsive pleading. Ma vs. Fernandez, G.R. No. 183133, July 26, 2010 Facts: Petitioners are children of a Taiwanese father and a Filipino mother. Upon reaching the age of majority, they executed their affidavit of election of Philippine citizenship and took their oath of allegiance before proper authorities. However, they failed to have the necessary documents registered in the civil registry as required under Section 1 of Commonwealth Act No. 625. It was only 30 years after, in 2005 that petitioners complied with the said requirement after a complaint was filed against them before the Bureau of Immigration (BI). The BI ruled that they violated Commonwealth Act No. 613, in relation to BI Memorandum Order Nos. ADD-01-031 and ADD-01-035 respectively. Upon motion for reconsideration, the CA affirmed the BIs ruling. Hence, this present petition for review. Issue: Should children born under the 1935 Constitution of a Filipino mother and an alien father but who failed to immediately file the documents of election with the nearest civil registry, be considered foreign nationals? Ruling: No. The Supreme Court laid down the statutory formalities in electing Philippine citizenship: (1) a statement of election under oath; (2) an oath of allegiance to the Constitution and Government of the Philippines; and (3) registration of the statement of election and of the oath with the nearest civil registry. In the case at bar, the Court ruled that the right to elect Philippine citizenship has not been lost and petitioners should be allowed to complete the statutory requirements for such election, subject to any administrative penalties, if any. This is because the petitioners have complied with the first two requirements, and even though they are late in registering their documents, they should be allowed to still do so because of their positive acts of citizenship. These positive acts were equivalent to formal registration. In justifying their ruling, the Court said that registration is made for the purpose of notification, and does not add value to the validity of an instrument nor converts an invalid instrument into a valid one. In the case at bar, registration is only a means of confirming the fact that citizenship has been claimed. DOJ vs. Pennisi, G.R. No. 169958, March 5, 2010
2Facts: Filipino-Australian Michael Alfio Mike Pennisi, erstwhile player for the Red Bull Team in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA), is questioned with regard to his citizenship as a Filipino. In 1999, Pennisi filed petition for recognition as Filipino citizen before the Bureau of Immigration (BI), which the BI granted in 2000. He was then drafted and played for the Red Bull. In 2003, the Senate Committee on Games, Amusement and Sports and on Constitutional Amendments jointly submitted committee report recommending, among others, the BI to conduct summary deportation proceedings against several Filipino-foreign PBD players, including Pennisi. Pennisi, nevertheless, presented as evidence the certified true copy of his mothers birth certificate indicating the birthplace of his mother, Anita Tomeda Quintos, as Philippines. In 2004, the BI issued summary deportation order against several Filipino-foreign PBA players including Pennisi. Pennisi, subsequently, elevated the matter to the appellate court and won. Hence, this petition by former DOJ Raul M. Gonzales. Issue: Did the departure of Pennisi render moot the proceedings challenging DOJs revocation of his certificate of recognition and his summary deportation? Is Pennisi a Filipino? Ruling: NO. Pennisis departure did not render the present case as moot. Prior to his deportation, Pennisi was recognized as a Filipino citizen. He manifested his intent to return to the country because his Filipino wife and children are residing in the Philippines. The filing of the petition before the CA and before the SC showed his intention to prove his Filipino lineage and citizenship, as well as the error committed by petitioners in causing his deportation from the country. He was precisely questioning the DOJs revocation of his certificate of recognition and his summary deportation by the BI. Filipino-Australian Michael Alfio Mike Pennisi is a Filipino citizen. The Supreme Court has denied the petition of former DOJ Secretary Raul M. Gonzalez, et al. and affirmed the September 30, 2005 decision of the CA that had found Mike Pennisi a Filipino citizen. Tabasa vs. CA, G.R. No. 125793, August 29, 2006 Facts: Joevanie Arellano Tabasa was a natural-born citizen of the Philippines. In 1968, when petitioner was seven years old, his father, Rodolfo Tabasa, became a naturalized citizen of the U.S. By derivative naturalization(citizenship derived from that of another as from a person who holds citizenship by virtue of naturalization ), petitioner also acquired American citizenship. Petitioner then arrived in the Philippines on August 3, 1995, and was admitted as a balikbayan for one year. Thereafter, petitioner was arrested and was brought to the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation(BID) in Manila. It was alleged that his passport had been revoked by the US Department of State and thus making him an undesirable alien, therefore ordered to be deported to his country of origin, United States of America. Issue: Is Joevanie Tabasa a natural-born Filipino who had lost his Philippine citizenship by reason of political or economic necessity under RA 8171? Ruling: No. Clearly, he lost his Philippine citizenship by operation of law, under his fathers name and not due to political or economic exigencies. It was his father who could have been motivated by economic or political reasons in deciding to apply for naturalization. The decision was his parents and not his, considering that he was still a minor when his father decided t o acquire American citizenship. What is enshrined in RA 8171 is that only Filipino women who lost their citizenship by marriage to aliens can exercise repatriation, as well as the natural born Filipinos including their minor children who lost their Philippine citizenship on account of political or economic necessity. In the case of Joevanie, he is already 35 years old, not a minor anymore, when he filed his petition under RA 8171, therefore making his re-acquisition of Filipino citizenship invalid. He could have re-acquired his Filipino citizenship under his fathers name, when he was still a minor, which is so impossible in the case at hand. It is therefore conclusive that he cannot be protected under RA 8171 and this will not save him from the deportation order issued to him. Vilando vs. HRET, G.R. No 192147 & 192149, August 23, 2011 Facts: On April 21, 2009 and May 27, 2009, petitioner Vilando; and Jacinto Paras, filed separate petitions for Quo Warranto against Limkaichong before the HRET. Petitioners asserted that Limkaichong was a Chinese citizen and ineligible for the office she was elected and proclaimed. They alleged that she was born to a father (Julio Sy), whose naturalization had not attained finality, and to a mother who acquired the Chinese citizenship of Julio Sy from the time of her marriage to the latter. Also, they contend that Limkaichong cannot derive Philippine citizenship from her mother given that at the time of her birth, her mother is not already a Filipino citizen as a result of her marriage to her father. Issue: By obtaining an ACR did Limkaichongs mother repudiate her Filipino citizenship? Did it result in an acquisition of an alien citizenship? Is Limkaichong a natural-born Filipino citizen? Ruling: An application for an alien certificate of registration (ACR) is not an indubitable proof of forfeiture of Philippine citizenship. It bears no indication of basis for foreign citizenship, nor proof of change to foreign citizenship. Unlike birth certificates registered pursuant to Act 3753 (The Civil Register Law), and much less like other public records referred to under Section 23, Rule 132, an alien certificate of registration is not a public document that would be prima facie evidence of the truth of facts contained therein. On its face, it only certifies that the applicant had submitted himself or herself to registration. Therefore, there is no presumption of alienage of the declarant. Thus, obtaining an ACR by Limkaichongs mother was not tantamount to a repudiation of her original citizenship. Neither did it result in an acquisition of alien citizenship. In a string of decisions, this Court has consistently held that an application for, and the holding of, an alien certificate of registration is not an act constituting renunciation of Philippine citizenship. For renunciation to effectively result in the loss of citizenship, the same must be express. Such express renunciation is lacking in this case. Accordingly, Limkaichongs mother, being a Filipino citizen, can transmit her citizenship to her daughter. AASJS vs. Datumanong, G.R. No. 160869, May 11, 2007 Facts: Petitioner filed the instant petition against respondent, then Secretary of Justice Simeon Datumanong, the official tasked to implement laws governing citizenship.1 Petitioner prays that a writ of prohibition be issued to stop respondent from implementing Republic Act No. 9225. Petitioner avers that it is unconstitutional as it violates Section 5, Article IV of the 1987 Constitution that states, "Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law. It cheapens Philippine citizenship by allowing dual allegiance among Filipinos, either natural-born or naturalized, who become foreign citizens, to retain their Philippine citizenship without losing their foreign citizenship. Issue: Is Section 5, Article IV of the Constitution a self-executing provision? Ruling: Section 5, Article IV of the Constitution is a declaration of a policy and it is not a selfexecuting provision. The legislature still has to enact the law on dual allegiance. In Sections 2 and 3 of Rep. Act No. 9225, the framers were not concerned with dual citizenship per se, but with the status of naturalized citizens who maintain their allegiance to their countries of origin even after their naturalization.9 Congress was given a mandate to draft a law that would set specific parameters of what really constitutes dual allegiance.10 Until this is done, it would be premature for the judicial department, including this Court, to rule on issues pertaining to dual allegiance. Neither can the Court subscribe to the proposition of petitioner that a law is not
3needed since the case of Mercado had already set the guidelines for determining dual allegiance. Petitioner misreads Mercado. That case did not set the parameters of what constitutes dual allegiance but merely made a distinction between dual allegiance and dual citizenship. 2001 Bar Question From the mainland China where he was born of Chinese parents, Mr. Nya Tsa Chan migrated to the Philippines in 1894. As of April 11, 1899 he was already a permanent resident of the Philippine Islands and continued to reside in this country until his death. During his lifetime and when he was already in the Philippiens, Mr. Ny Tsa Chan married Charing, a Filipina, with whom he begot one son. Hap Chan, who was born on October 18, 1897. Hap Chan got married also to Nimfa, a Filipina, and one of their children was Lacqui Chan who was born on September 27, 1936. Lacqui Chan finished the course of Bachelor of Science in Commerce and eventually engaged in business. In the May 1989 election, Lacqui Chan ran for and was elected Representative (Congressman). His rival candidate, Ramon Deloria, filed a quo warranto or disqualification case against him on the ground that he is not a Filipino citizen. It was pointed out in particular, that Lacqui Chan did not elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of 21. Decide whether Mr. Lacqui Chan suffers from a disqualification or not. Suggested Answer: Lacqui Chan is a Filipino citizen and need not elect Philippine citizenship. His father, Hap Chan, was a Spanish subject, was residing in the Philippines on April 11, 1899, and continued to reside in the Philippines. In accordance with Section 4 of the Philippine Bill of 1902, he was a Filipino citizen. Hence, in accordance with Section 1(3) of the 1935 Constitution, Lacqui Chan is a natural born Filipino citizen, since his father was a Filipino citizen. 2003 Bar Question Miguel Sin was born a year ago in China to a Chinese father and a Filipino mother. His parents met in Shanghai where they were lawfully married just two years ago. Is Miguel Sin a Filipino citizen? Suggested Answer: Miguel Sin is a Filipino citizen because he is the legitimate child of a Filipino mother. Under Article IV, Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution, his mother retained her Philippine citizenship despite her marriage to an alien husband, and according to Article IV, Section 1(2) of the 1987 Constitution, children born of a Filipino mother are Filipino citizens. 2004 Bar Question TCA, a Filipina medical technologist, left in 1975 to work in ZOZ State. In 1988, she married ODH, a citizen of ZOZ. Pursuant to ZOZs law, by taking an oath of allegiance, she acquired her husbands citizenship. ODH died in 2001, leaving her financially secure. She returned home in 2002, and sought elective office in 2004 by running for Mayor of APP, her hometown. Her opponent sought to have her disqualified because of her ZOZ citizenship. She replied that although she acquired her ZOZs citizen ship because of marriage, she did not lose her Filipino citizenship. Both her parents, she said, are Filipino citizens. Suggested Answer: On the assumption that TCA took an oath of allegiance to ZOZ to acquire the citizenship of her husband, she is not qualified to run for mayor. She did not become a citizen of ZOZ merely by virtue of her marriage, she also took an oath of allegiance to ZOZ. By this act, she lost her Philippine citizenship (Section 1(3), Commonwealth Act No. 63) 2006 Bar Question Atty. Emily Go, a legitimate daughter of a Chinese father and a Filipino mother, was born in 1945. At 21, she elected Philippine citizenship and studied law. She passed the bar examinations and engaged in private practice for many years. The Judicial and Bar Council nominated her as a candidate for the position of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. But her nomination is being contested by Atty. Juris Castillo, also an aspirant to the position. She claims that Atty. Emily Go is not a natural-born citizen, hence, not qualified to be appointed to the Supreme Court. Is this contention correct? Explain. Suggested Answer: The contention that Atty. Emily Go is not a natural-born citizen is not correct. She was born before January 17, 1973 of a Chinese father and a Filipino mother. She elected Philippine citizenship when she reached twenty-one years of age. Those who elect Philippine citizenship under Section 1(3), Article IV of the Constitution are natural-born citizens. 2006 Bar Question Atty. Richard Chua was born in 1964. He is a legitimate son of a Chinese father and a Filipino mother. His father became a naturalized Filipino citizen when Atty. Chua was still a minor. Eventually, he studied law and was allowed by the Supreme Court to take the bar examinations, subject to his submission to the Supreme Court proof of his Philippine citizenship. Although he never complied with such requirement, Atty. Chua practiced law for many years until one Noel Eugenio filed with the Supreme Court a complaint for disbarment against him on the ground that he is not a Filipino citizen. He then filed with the Bureau of Immigration an affidavit electing Philippine citizenship. Noel contested it claiming it was filed many years after Atty. Chua reached the age of majority. Will Atty. Chua be disbarred? Explain. Suggested Answer: Atty. William Chua should not be disbarred. In accordance with Section 15 of the Revised Naturalization Act, he became a naturalized Philippine citizen when his father became a Filipino citizen during his minority. Hence, there was no need for him to elect Philippine citizenship (Co v. Electoral Tribunal of the House of Representatives, 199 SCRA 692, [1991]). 2009 Bar Question Warlito, a natural-born Filipino, took up permanent residence in the United States, and eventually acquired American citizenship. He then married Shirley, an American, and sired three children. In August 2009, Warlito decided to visit the Philippines with his wife and children: Johnny, 23 years of age; Warlito, Jr., 20; and Luisa, 17. While in the Philippines, a friend informed him that he could reacquire Philippine citizenship without necessarily losing U.S. nationality. Thus, he took the oath of allegiance required under R.A. 9225. a. Having reacquired Philippine citizenship, is Warlito a natural-born or a naturalized Filipino citizen today? Explain your answer. Warlito is a natural-born Filipino citizen. Repatriation of Filipinos results in the recovery of the original nationality. Since Warlito was a natural-born Filipino citizen before he lost his Philippine citizenship, he was restored to his former status as a natural-born
4Filipino citizen (Bengson vs. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, 357 SCRA 545 [2001]; RA 2630). b. With Warlito having regained Philippine citizenship, will Shirley also become a Filipino citizen? If so, why? If not, what would be the most speedy procedure for Shirley to acquire Philippine citizenship? Explain. Shirley will not become a Filipino citizen, because u nder RA 9225, Warlitos reacquisition of Philippine citizenship did not extend its benefits to Shirley. She should instead file with the Bureau of Immigration a petition for the cancellation ofher alien certificate of registration on the ground that in accordance with Section 15 of the Naturalization Law, because of her marriage to Warlito, she should be deemed to have become a Filipino citizen. She must allege and prove that she possesses none of the disqualifications to become a naturalized Filipino citizen. c. Do the children --- Johnny, Warlito Jr., and Luisa --- become Filipino citizens with their father's reacquisition of Philippine citizenship? Explain your answer. Under Section 18 of RA 9225, only the unmarried children who are below eighteen years of age of those who reacquire Philippine citizenship shall be deemed Filipino citizens. Thus, only Luisa, who is seventeen years old, became a Filipino citizen. 2011 Bar Question Filipino citizenship may be acquired through judicial naturalization only by an alien a. Born, raised, and educated in the Philippines who has all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications to become a Filipino citizen b. Who has all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications to become a Filipino citizen c. Born and raised in the Philippines who has all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications to become a Filipino citizen d. Whose mother or father is a naturalized Filipino and who himself is qualified to be naturalized 2011 Bar Question A child born in the United States to a Filipino mother and an American father is a. A Filipino citizen by election b. A repatriated Filipino citizen c. A dual citizen d. A natural born Filipino citizen 2011 Bar Question The Special Committee on Naturalization is headed by a. The Secretary of Justice b. The Secretary of Foreign Affairs c. The National Security Adviser d. The Solicitor General 2012 Bar Question Basic Philippine law, in respect of the modes of acquiring citizenship, follows the rule(s) of: a. Jus soli and jus sanguinis; b. Naturalization and provides for jus soli; c. d. Jus sanguinis and provides for naturalization; None of the above.
2012 Bar Question Dual allegiance by citizen is: a. Inimical to the national interest and is therefore proscribed by law b. Inimical to national interest and is therefore prescribed by law c. Inimical to the national interest and therefore shall be dealt with by law d. Inimical to the national interest and is therefore outside of coverage of law 2012 Bar Question Margarita was born in 1986 to a Filipino mother and a Swedish father. She has been living and continues to live in the US for the last 20 years and has also been naturalized as a US citizen. She recently reacquired Philippine citizenship under RA 9225, the Citizenship Retention and Reacquisition Act of 2003. Can Margarita vote in the next national elections? a. Yes. Dual citizens who are not residents may register under the Overseas Absentee Voting Law. b. Yes. Margarita is a Filipino citizen and thus may enjoy the right to I Political Law Page 5 of23 suffrage like everyone else without registering as an overseas absentee voter. c. No. Margarita fails the residency requirement under Section 1, Article V of the Constitution for Filipinos. d. No. Dual citizens upon renunciation of their Filipino citizenship and acquisition 1of foreign citizenship, have practically and legally abandoned their domicile and severed their legal ties to their homeland as a consequence. Article V Pundaodaya vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 179313, September 17, 2009 Facts: Petitioner ran against Noble for municipal mayor of Kinoguitan, Misamis Oriental in the 2007 elections. Pundaodaya filed a petition for disqualification against Noble alleging that the latter lacks the residency qualification. Pundaodaya claimed that Noble is a resident of Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City. Noble averred that he is a registered voter and resident of Barangay Esperanza, Kinoguitan, Misamis Oriental. In a resolution, the Second Division of the COMELEC ruled and disqualified Noble from running as mayor. Noble filed a motion for reconsideration of the resolution. In the meantime, he garnered the highest number of votes and was proclaimed the winning candidate. Pundaodaya then filed an Urgent Motion to Annul Proclamation. The COMELEC En Banc reversed the decision of the Second Division and declared Noble qualified to run for the mayoralty position. Pundaodaya filed the instant petition for certiorari. Issue: Can one have more than one residence for purposes of suffrage? Did Noble effectively change his domicile? Ruling: No. The Court ruled in Torayno, Sr. v. Commission on Elections that the one-year residency requirement is aimed at excluding outsiders "from taking advantage of favorable circumstances existing in that community for electoral gain." Establishing residence in a community merely to meet an election law requirement defeats the purpose of representation: to elect through the assent of voters those most cognizant and sensitive to the needs of the community. No. The Court found that Noble failed to convince that he successfully effected a change of domicile. To establish a new domicile of choice, personal presence in the place must be coupled with conduct indicative of that intention. It requires not only such bodily presence in that place but also a declared and probable intent to make it ones fixed and permanent place of abode.
5De Guzman vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 180048 June 19, 2009 Facts: Petitioner De Guzman and private respondent Angelina DG. Dela Cruz were candidates for vice-mayor of Guimba, Nueva Ecija in the May 14, 2007 elections. On April 3, 2007, private respondent filed against petitioner a petition for disqualification docketed as SPA No. 07-211, alleging that petitioner is not a citizen of the Philippines, but an immigrant and resident of the United States of America. In his answer, petitioner admitted that he was a naturalized American. However, on January 25, 2006, he applied for dual citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225 (R.A. No. 9225), otherwise known as the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003.[5] Upon approval of his application, he took his oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines on September 6, 2006. He argued that, having re-acquired Philippine citizenship, he is entitled to exercise full civil and political rights. As such, he is qualified to run as vice-mayor of Guimba, Nueva Ecija. During the May 14, 2007 elections, private respondent won as vicemayor. Petitioner filed an election protest on grounds of irregularities and massive cheating. The case was filed before Branch 31 of the Regional Trial Court of Guimba, Nueva Ecija and was docketed as Election Protest No. 07-01. Issue: Does the filing of a certificate of candidacy ipso facto amount to a renunciation of his foreign citizenship under R.A. No. 9225 Ruling: Contrary to petitioners claims, the filing of a certificate of candidacy does not ipso facto amount to a renunciation of his foreign citizenship under R.A. No. 9225. There is little doubt, therefore, that the intent of the legislators was not only for Filipinos reacquiring or retaining their Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225 to take their oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines, but also to explicitly renounce their foreign citizenship if they wish to run for elective posts in the Philippines. To qualify as a candidate in Philippine elections, Filipinos must only have one citizenship, namely, Philippine citizenship. By the same token, the oath of allegiance contained in the Certificate of Candidacy, which is substantially similar to the one contained in Section 3 of Republic Act No. 9225, does not constitute the personal and sworn renunciation sought under Section 5(2) of Republic Act No. 9225. It bears to emphasize that the said oath of allegiance is a general requirement for all those who wish to run as candidates in Philippine elections; while the renunciation of foreign citizenship is an additional requisite only for those who have retained or reacquired Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225 and who seek elective public posts, considering their special circumstance of having more than one citizenship. In the instant case, petitioners Oath of Allegiance and Certificate of Candidacy did not comply with Section 5(2) of R.A. No. 9225 which further requires those seeking elective public office in the Philippines to make a personal and sworn renunciation of foreign citizenship. Petitioner failed to renounce his American citizenship; as such, he is disqualified from running for vice-mayor of Guimba, Nueva Ecija in the May 14, 2007 elections Jacot vs. Dal, G.R. No. 179848, November 26, 2008 Facts: Petitioner assails the Resolution of the COMELEC En Banc disqualifying him from running for Vice-Mayor of Catarman, Camiguin in the May 2007 Elections, on the ground that he failed to make a personal renouncement of his US citizenship under Section 5(2) of RA 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act). He was a natural born citizen and later naturalized as a US citizen. He sought to reacquire his Philippine citizenship and took his Oath of Allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines with the Philippine Consulate General of Los Angeles, California. He was issued an Identification Certificate recognizing him as a citizen by the Bureau of Immigration. He then filed his Certificate of Candidacy but respondent Rogen T. Dal filed a Petition for Disqualification against him. Issue: Did Nestor Jacot effectively renounce his US citizenship? Ruling: No. Petitioners oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines made before the Los Angeles PCG and his Certificate of Candidacy do not substantially comply with the requirement of a personal and sworn renunciation of foreign citizenship because these are distinct requirements to be complied with for different purposes. Section 5(2) of RA 9225 compels natural-born Filipinos, who have been naturalized as citizens of a foreign country, but who reacquired or retained their Philippine citizenship (1) to take the oath of allegiance under Section 3 of Republic Act No. 9225, and (2) for those seeking elective public offices in the Philippines, to additionally execute a personal and sworn renunciation of any and all foreign citizenship before an authorized public officer prior or simultaneous to the filing of their certificates of candidacy, to qualify as candidates in Philippine elections. The oath of allegiance contained in the Certificate of Candidacy does not constitute the personal and sworn renunciation sought under RA 9225. Petitioners presentation for the first time, in the present Court, an affidavit of renunciation of allegiance to other citizenship, which he supposedly executed before he filed his Certificate of Candidacy, constitutes a radical change from the earlier position he took before the COMELECthat he complied with the requirement of renunciation and that there was no more need for a separate act of renunciation. Likewise, the Court does not countenance the late submission of evidence. Cordova vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 176947, February 12, 2009 Facts: In his complaint affidavit filed before the COMELEC Law Department, Petitioner Cordora asserted that Tambunting made false assertions in his Certificate of Candidacy. Petitioner further stated that Tambunting was not eligible to run for local public office because he lacked the citizenship and residency requirements. To disprove Tambuntings claim of being a natural born Filipino citizen, Cordora presented a certification from the Bureau of Immigration which stated that, in two instances, Tambunting claimed that he is an American: upon arrival in the Philippines on 16 December 2000 and upon departure from the Philippines on 17 June 2001. According to Cordora, these travel dates confirmed that Tambunting acquired American citizenship through naturalization in Honolulu, Hawaii. On the other hand, Tambunting maintained that he did not make any misrepresentation in his certificates of candidacy by presenting documents on the contrary. The COMELEC Law Department recommended the dismissal of Cordoras complaint which the COMELEC En Banc affirmed. Hence, this instant petition. Issue: Did Tambunting fulfill the citizenship and residency requirements prescribed by law? Ruling: Yes. Tambunting possesses dual citizenship because of the circumstances of his birth; it was no longer necessary for him to undergo the naturalization process to acquire American citizenship. The process involved in INS Form I-130 only served to confirm the American citizenship which he acquired at birth. The certification from the Bureau of Immigration which Cordora presented contained two trips where Tambunting claimed that he is an American. However, the same certification showed nine other trips where Tambunting claimed that he is Filipino. Clearly, Tambunting possessed dual citizenship prior to the filing of his certificate of candidacy before the 2001 elections. The fact that Tambunting had dual citizenship did not disqualify him from running for public office. Moreover, Cordora concluded that Tambunting failed to meet the residency requirement because of Tambuntings naturalization as an American. Cordoras reasoning fails because Tambunting is not a naturalized American. Moreover, residency, for the purpose of election laws, includes the twin elements of the fact of residing in a fixed place and the intention to return there permanently, and is not dependent upon citizenship. Thus, Tambunting is eligible for the office which he sought to be elected and fulfilled the citizenship and residency requirements prescribed by law. Mitra vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 191938, July 2, 2010
6Facts: Before the end of Mitras second term as Representative of the Second District of Palawan, Puerto Princesa City was reclassified as a highly urbanized city and thus ceased to be a component city of the Province of Palawan. The direct legal consequence of this new status was the ineligibility of Puerto Princesa City residents from voting for candidates for elective provincial officials. On March 20, 2009, with the intention of running for the position of Governor, Mitra applied for the transfer of his Voters Registration Record. He subsequently filed his COC for the position of Governor of Palawan as a resident of Aborlan. COMELEC canceled the certificate of candidacy (COC) of petitioner for allegedly misrepresenting that he is a resident of the Municipality of Aborlan, Province of Palawan where he ran for the position of Governor. Mitra came to this Court to seek the reversal of the cancellation.[6] Issue: Did Mitra satisfy the residence requirement to exercise his right of suffrage? Issue: Does the PCOS infringe on the secrecy and sanctity of the ballot? Ruling: Yes. Mitra did indeed transfer his residence within the period required by Section 74 of the OEC. The character of Mitras representation before the COMELEC is an aspect of the case that the COMELEC completely failed to consider as it focused mainly on the character of Mitras feedmill residence. The purpose of the residency requirement is best met by individuals who have either had actual residence in the area for a given period or who have been domiciled in the same area either by origin or by choice. Residency adds meaning and substance to the voters freedom of choice in the electoral exercise that characterizes every democracy. Crawford vs. Marion County, 2008, 550 US (2008) Facts: After Indiana enacted an election law (SEA 483) requiring citizens voting in person to present government-issued photo identification, petitioners filed separate suits challenging the laws constitutionality. Following discovery, the District Court granted respondents summary judgment, finding the evidence in the record insufficient to support a facial attack on the statutes validity. In affirming, the Seventh Circuit declined to judge the law by the strict standard set for poll taxes in Harper v. Virginia Bd. of Elections, 383 U. S. 663 , finding the burden on voters offset by the benefit of reducing the risk of fraud. Issue: *What is the Harpers Standard? Is the Indiana Election Law (SEA 483) requiring citizens voting in person to present government-issued photo identification an unconstitutional burden on the right to vote? Ruling: a. Under Harper, even rational restrictions on the right to vote are invidious if they are unrelated to voter qualifications. However, even handed restrictions protecting the integrity and reliability of the electoral process itself satisfy Harpers standard. Anderson v. Celebrezze, 460 U. S. 780 , n. 9. A state laws burden on a political party, an individual voter, or a discrete class of voters must be justified by relevant and legitimate state interests sufficiently weighty to justify the limitation. Norman b. The relevant burdens here are those imposed on eligible voters who lack photo identification cards that comply with SEA 483. Because Indianas cards are free, the inconvenience of going to the Bureau of Motor Vehicles, gathering required documents, and posing for a photograph does not qualify as a substantial burden on most voters right to vote, or represent a significant increase over the usual burdens of voting. The severity of the somewhat heavier burden that may be placed on a limited number of personse.g., elderly persons born out-of-state, who may have difficulty obtaining a birth certificateis mitigated by the fact that eligible voters without photo identification may cast provisional ballots that will be counted if they execute the required affidavit at the circuit court clerks office. Even assuming that the burden may not be justified as to a few voters, that conclusion is by no means sufficient to es tablish petitioners right to the relief they seek. Pp. 1316. Roque vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 188456, September 10, 2009 Ruling: NO. The court rules that the petitioner's contention is not well taken. Parenthetically, the contention that the PCOS would infringe on the secrecy and sanctity of the ballot because, as petitioners would put it, the voter would be confronted with a three feet long ballot, does not commend itself for concurrence. Surely, the Comelec can put up such infrastructure as to insure that the voter can write his preference in relative privacy. And as demonstrated during the oral arguments, the voter himself will personally feed the ballot into the machine. A voter, if so minded to preserve the secrecy of his ballot, will always devise a way to do so. By the same token, one with least regard for secrecy will likewise have a way to make his vote known. Cagas vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 194139, January 24, 2012 Facts: The petitioner and respondent Claude P. Bautista (Bautista) contested the position of Governor of the Province of Davao del Sur in the May 10, 2010 automated national and local elections. The fast transmission of the results led to the completion by May 14, 2010 of the canvassing of votes cast for Governor of Davao del Sur, and the petitioner was proclaimed the winner (with 163,440 votes), with Bautista garnering 159,527 votes. Alleging fraud, anomalies, irregularities, vote-buying and violations of election laws, rules and resolutions, Bautista filed an electoral protest on May 24, 2010. The protest was raffled to the COMELEC First Division. Petitioner, in his answer submitted averred as his special affirmative defenses that Bautista did not make the requisite cash deposit on time and that Bautista did not render a detailed specification of the acts or omissions complained of. The COMELEC however find Bautista to be in compliance with the Law. Petitioner then filed a motion for reconsideration but was once more denied. Petitioner not being satisfied commenced this special civil action directly to the Court thus the reason for the case at bar. Issue: Did the Supreme Court guarantee the efficiency and integrity of the automated system of elections in Roque vs. Comelec? Ruling: No. The Court only ruled there that the system and procedure implemented by the COMELEC in evaluating the PCOS machines and CCS computers met the minimum system requirements prescribed in Section 7 of Republic Act No. 8436. The Court did not guarantee the efficiency and integrity of the automated system of elections, as can be gleaned from the following pronouncement thereat: The Court, however, will not indulge in the presumption that nothing would go wrong, that a successful automation election unmarred by fraud, violence, and like irregularities would be the order of the moment on May 10, 2010. Neither will it guarantee, as it cannot guarantee, the effectiveness of the voting machines and the integrity of the counting and consolidation software embedded in them. That task belongs at the first instance to Comelec, as part of its mandate to ensure clean and peaceful elections. This independent constitutional commission, it is true, possesses extraordinary powers and enjoys a considerable latitude in the discharge of its functions. The road, however, towards successful 2010 automation elections would certainly be rough and bumpy. The Comelec is laboring under very Facts: This is a petition for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus by petitioners H. Harry L. Roque, Jr., et al., suing as taxpayers and concerned citizens, seeking to nullify respondent Comelecs award of the 2010 Elections Automation Project (automation project) to the joint venture of Total Information Management Corporation (TIM) and Smartmatic International Corporation (Smartmatic). The Comelec, private respondents, the National Computer Center and other computer wizards are confident that nationwide automated elections can be successfully implemented. But petitioners and some skeptics in the information technology (IT) industry have, however, think that the automated election system and the untested technology Comelec has chosen and set in motion have risks and could lead to a disastrous failure of elections.
7tight timelines. It would accordingly need the help of all advocates of orderly and honest elections, of all men and women of goodwill, to smoothen the way and assist Comelec personnel address the fears expressed about the integrity of the system. Like anyone else, the Court would like and wish automated elections to succeed, credibly. CENPEG vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 189546, September 21, 2010 Facts: In this case, the Comelec failed to provide plaintiffs with the source code of identified canvass machines despite repeated requests and demands. CenPEG is now praying for the issuance of a writ of mandamus, despite the lapse of the May 2010 elections, claiming that the source code remained important and relevant "not only for compliance with the law, and the purpose thereof, but especially in the backdrop of numerous admissions of errors and claims of fraud. Issue: What is the source code? Who can access and review the source code? Ruling: Section 2(12) of R.A. 9369 describes the source code as the "human readable instructions that define what the computer equipment will do." The source code in voting machines is in some ways analogous to the procedures provided to election workers. Procedures are instructions that are provided to people; for instance, the procedures provided to poll workers list a sequence of steps that poll workers should follow to open the polls on election morning. Source code contains instructions, not for people, but for the computers running the election. Once an AES technology is selected for implementation, the Commission shall promptly make the source code of that technology available and open to any interested political party or groups which may conduct their own review thereof. Chato vs. HRET, G.R. No. 199149, January 22, 2013 Facts: Liwayway Vinzons-Chato (Chato) renewed her bid in the May 10,2010 elections as representative of the Second Legislative District of Camarines Norte, composed of the seven (7) Municipalities of Daet, Vinzons, Basud, Mercedes, Talisay, San Vicente, and San Lorenzo, with a total of 205 clustered precincts. She lost to Elmer E. Panotes (Panotes) who was proclaimed the winner on May 12, 2010 having garnered a total of 51,707 votes as against Chato's 47,822 votes, or a plurality of 3,885 votes. On May 24, 2010, Chato filed an electoral protest before the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET), assailing the results in all the 160 clustered precincts in four (4) municipalities, namely: Daet, Vinzons, Basud and Mercedes. In its Resolution No. 11-208, the HRET directed the copying of the picture image files of ballots relative to the protest. Issues: * What are the two types of automated election system (AES)? * What system was adopted in the May 2010 Elections? * Whether or not the picture images of the ballots may be considered as official ballots? Ruling: * There are two types of AES identified under R.A. No. 9369: (1) paper-based election system, which uses paper ballots, records and counts votes, tabulates, consolidates/canvasses and transmits electronically the results of the vote count. ; and (2) direct recording electronic election system, which uses electronic ballots, records, votes by means of a ballot display provided with mechanical or electro-optical component that can be activated by the voter, processes data by means of computer programs, record voting data and ballot images, and transmits voting results electronically. * The May 10, 2010 elections used a paper-based technology that allowed voters to fill out an official paper ballot by shading the oval opposite the names of their chosen candidates. Each voter was then required to personally feed his ballot into the Precinct Count Optical Scan (PCOS) machine which scanned both sides of the ballots simultaneously, meaning, in just one pass. As established during the required demo tests, the system captured the images of the ballots in encrypted format which, when decrypted for verification, were found to be digitized representations of the ballots cast. * Yes. The SC agreed with the HRET that the picture images of the ballots, as scanned and recorded by the PCOS, are likewise official ballots that faithfully captures in electronic form the votes cast by the voter, as defined by Section 2 (3) of R.A. No. 9369. As such, the printouts thereof are the functional equivalent of the paper ballots filled out by the voters and, thus, may be used for purposes of revision of votes in an electoral protest. 2001 Bar Question Let us suppose that Congress enacted a law which amended the Omnibus Election Code (particularly Sections 138, 139, 142, 143, by vesting in the Commission on Elections the jurisdiction over inclusion and exclusion cases filed by voters, instead of the courts (MTC, then RTC).). Is the law valid or not, and why? 2011 Bar Question The decision of the Regional Trial Court on appeals pertaining to inclusions or exclusions from the list of voters a. Is inappealable b. Is subject to an action for annulment c. May be brought straight to the Supreme Court d. Is appealable to the Commission on Elections


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435 Orchard Road
#B1-45 Wisma Atria
Singapore 238877
10:00am - 10:00pm
White Peach Tea is one of the cheaper options in Fruce, without compromising on its taste. At first sip, there is a very prominent peach flavour, but swirl the drink in your mouth for a bit and you can taste the gentle, floral aroma of white tea which in my opinion, is the perfect complement to peach since white tea is considered a sweeter kind of tea than their green/black tea counterparts, with less bitter aroma. fruce is sucking my wallet dry I swear
Got enticed into getting them because I tasted them when they brought the tasting cups out. Richly flavoured, the drink was smooth and luscious, with a very aromatic taro smell and yam bits mixed in. Attention all taro lovers, this is the drink for you!
Ahhh, Fruce is burning a hole in my pocket, but they taste so good! Second time having this and they are still so rich and creamy, and filled with gula melaka fragrance, it's definitely worth every penny.
Pink Lychee Tea came with lychee jelly with texture that's very similar to that of Konnyaku Jelly. Prominent flavour of lychee hits you at the first mouth, with distinct tea notes lingering in the aftertaste. My only qualm was the jelly being stuck at the bottom of the cup after all the drink has been dutifully downed by me and I have to tear the lid open to eat them.
absolutely refreshing and light on the palate, making it the perfect thirst quencher. As usual, the sweetness from the fruits really came through even though I got it at 0% sugar. Guess I could call this a healthy drink and have more of it aye? If only my wallet could keep up as these drinks don't come cheap 😢
Passionfruit Soursop came with pieces of soursop at the bottom which was good to munch on at the end of the drink, seemingly to end the drink on a healthy note. The soursop taste was strong, with just hints of passionfruit fragrances lingering around though it stills makes for a good thirst quencher!


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Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth.Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. - Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal: but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. We walk by faith, not by sight. - We faint not; but though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day. For our light affliction which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory: while we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen: for the things which are seen are temporal; but the things which are not seen are eternal. - An inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you.COL. 3:2. I John 2:15. Matt. 6:19 21. II Cor. 5:7. II Cor. 4:16 18. I Pet. 1:4.
He bowed his shoulder to bear.Take, my brethren, the prophets, who have spoken in the name of the Lord, for an example of suffering affliction, and of patience. - Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples: and they are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come.Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips. - Aaron held his peace. - It is the LORD; let him do what seemeth him good. Cast thy burden upon the LORD, and he shall sustain thee. - Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows. Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.GEN. 49:15. Jas. 5:10. I Cor. 10:11. Job 2:10. Lev. 10:3. I Sam. 3:18. Psa. 55:22. Isa. 53:4. Matt. 11:28 30.
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Colleen Wong, Tech entrepreneur and her gadgets firm
Colleen Wong, a 43 year old, is Techsixtyfours' founder. Techsixtyfour is the firm that made My Gator Watch, which is one of the UK's very first wearable phones that also has GPS trackers for children.
She used to work in a bank where she'd make million-pound deals on daily basis. It was very high pressure and stressful work so she decided to voluntarily take a redundancy.
Items for the safety of children such as wearable gadgets with trackers did exist before as well but were not for sale in the UK. Wong searched for manufacturers in China and within a few days, had ordered some samples and also registered the name of her company. She had found a product close to what she was looking for, a watch, basic mobile phone, and a GPS tracker all rolled into one. However, it was not very suitable for the small fingers of Children. So for the next eight months, she redesigned the watch with the manufacturer.
The Parents that she spoke to welcomed the idea of a wearable phone that would give their independence but no internet access.
Wong put in twenty-six thousand pounds of her own money and raised another two hundred thousand pounds from crowdfunding. In the year 2016, she exhibited at The Wearable Technology Show as well as The Gadget Show Live.
Colleen Wong said that there were tough times for them as well. They were caught in the media storm regarding wearable gadgets being hacked. But she said that she recruited a cyber security team to ensure the safety of her products.
The company has now expanded into other European countries and has sold over three thousand watches through Amazon and their website. Recently, they won the award of Sky Women in Tech Scholarship along with a grant of twenty-five thousand pounds.


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EACR Junior & Senior Investigator Awards
EACR Junior Investigator 2019
Lisa Dwane
EACR Senior Investigator 2019
Dr. Sara Charmsaz
EACR Senior & Junior Investigators 2018
Dr. Martin Barr (L) and Dr Naoise Synott (R)
EACR Junior and Senior Investigator Awards
The highest scoring abstract submitted to the IACR annual conference from both
These awardees present their research in the final IACR session and receive complimentary registration from the EACR and an IACR stipend to attend the EACR biannual conference.
EACR Award Winners From Previous IACR Conferences
55th IACR Belfast 2019
EACR Junior Prize Winner
Lisa Dwane, RCSI
Functional genomic screening identifies the deubiquitinase USP11 as a novel regulator of ERα transcription in Breast Cancer
EACR Senior Prize Winner
Dr. Sara Charmsaz, RCSI
RNA-Methylation in ER-Positive Breast Cancer
54th IACR Dublin 2018
EACR Junior Prize Winner
Naoise Synnott, UCD
Mutant p53 as A Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Preclinical Investigation with the Anti-p53 Drug, PK11007
EACR Senior Prize Winner
Martin Barr, TCD
XRCC6BP1: A key DNA repair gene in
53rd IACR Kilkenny 2017
EACR Junior Prize Winner
Damir Vareslija, RCSI
Translating NextGen sequencing to the clinic: Targeting actionable genes enriched in breast cancer brain metastases
EACR Senior Prize Winner
Serum response factor as a novel targeted therapy for
52nd IACR Cork 2016
EACR Junior Prize Winner
Manuela Salvucci, RCSI
Translational application of a mathematical model of apoptotic caspase activation provides a prognostic biomarker in stage III colorectal cancer
EACR Senior Prize Winner
SJ Furney, UCD
Mutation-specific interactions between ultraviolet radiation and melanoma
51st IACR Galway 2015
EACR Junior Prize Winner
C Gao, NUIG
Rational design and validation of a TIP60 Histone
EACR Senior Prize Winner
A Ryan, NUIG
Targeting colon cancer cell NF-kappaB promotes an
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Klarna + Shopify
General information
Shopify is the leading cloud-based, multi-channel commerce platform designed for small and medium-sized businesses. Merchants can use the software to design, set up, and manage their stores across multiple sales channels, including web, mobile, social media, marketplaces, brick-and-mortar locations, and pop-up shops.
Klarna products available on Shopify
On-Site Messaging App
Sell even more with Klarna
The On-Site Messaging App continues the smooth journey, increasing risk-free sales through tailored messaging and showing your customers available payment plans while they're still shopping.
No matter what product you choose, you will always get:
Klarna as a marketing tool
You will get access to marketing material that you can use in your marketing initiatives. E.g. the "No risk" aspects is usually popular to promote.
Global products, local faces
All products are built to be adapted to local preferences and legislations.
Single integration, integrated once
After having integrated Klarna, the products will be automatically updated without you lifting a finger.
No risk, for you or your customers
You will always get paid and the customer is covered by Klarna's Buyers Protection.


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A couple of weeks ago, I mentioned our Ultra course template to the SaaS Virtual Group. The template contains a bit of pre-populated content for faculty to use or reference. Here are a few screenshots of what our template looks like and how we push it out to courses.
We have 2 folders in the master template for an Ultra course:
- Start Here, which contains a link to our e-learning resources
- Syllabus & Course Information, which contains an instructor page to fill out & the academic integrity statement
The instructor can replace the image placeholder and fill out the recommended pieces of the profile:
We use CourseArc for our e-learning resources.
Our template also includes an Ask the Professor discussion board, which the instructor can choose to enable.
Finally, our template includes a Total Points Earned column using calculations, which can be customized by the instructor.
Copying the template:
- Select the template -- we distinguish our Ultra template from the regular template with _ux at the end (e.g., MT_term_ux)
- Click the action arrow for the template's menu and choose COPY
- Select Copy into New Course
- Apply the new courseID and select all content
- After the course is created, rename and enroll the instructor
- Create flat file with new field "template_course_key" -- for example:
HGWT101_1001_SU2019|HGWT101_1001_SU2019|History of Magic (01.1001) SU2019|MT_SU2019_ux
- Run flat file via SIS integration


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Ariel Winter felt like a new person after she dyed her hair red.
The Modern Family actress often likes to experiment with her hair colour, and debuted her new copper locks on social media in May, with her caption referring to Ariel, the lead character in 1989 Disney animation The Little Mermaid.
In a new interview with People, the 21-year-old gushed that her experiment with red hair had been a complete success.
"It makes me feel like a new me," she shared. "After I got it done, I was looking in the mirror and I felt like a completely different person. I was pretty shocked that my hair colour could make me look so different and a lot of people will not recognise me. They don't piece it together because the hair looks so different for them, but I like it a lot."
Ariel is best known for having the jet-black hair she sports as her character Alex Dunphy in the long-running sitcom, but she is actually a natural blonde.
"People never guess, but my natural hair colour is dirty blonde," the star revealed. "I've always had dark eyebrows, so I was that person. I have dirty blonde hair and really dark eyebrows and dark eyes. I've dyed it so many times in the past so really the most important thing for me with my hair now is trying to keep my hair healthy."
The actress has to keep her hair the same when she's shooting the show, so she waits until filming is completed for each season to experiment with her tresses.
"I'm pretty adventurous with my hair, I'll try a lot of things," she added. "Alex doesn't change up her look that much. I don't experiment with it (on the show) so it's fun for me to do it outside of work."
Ariel has partnered with Ulta Beauty to promote the company's new signature in-store blow-out services.


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Most of the people involved in the riots were thugs looking for free stuff. There was no protest there - just theft and arson.
It's only an extreme minority though... thankfully, most people in this country are content to work hard and make their own opportunities.
as for more protests - no doubt, but I think we can guarantee there won't be as many as there were on Tony Blair's watch


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Joseph S Piazza , Sr.
Wujek - Calcaterra & Sons
36900 Schoenherr Rd
PIAZZA, Joseph "Joe"
August 6, 2019. Age 91. Beloved husband of Jannie and the late Stella. Loving father of Ginny (Larry) Simon, Ann Marie (Tony) Maceri, and Joe Piazza, Jr. Proud grandfather of Joseph, Anthony, Ryan (Carlie), Lauren, Anthony, Joe, Chris, David, Mary, and the late Robert & "soon to be" a great-grandfather. Dear brother of Paul (Barbara) and the late Thomas, the late Sam (Santina), and the late Anthony (Pat). Also survived by many loving nieces & nephews. Visitation Friday 3-9pmwith Rosary 7:00pm at Wujek-Calcaterra & Sons, Inc. 36900 Schoenherr at Metro Parkrway (16 Mile). In state Saturday 10:00am until the 11:00am Mass at St. Francis of Assisi -St. Maximillian Catholic Church (62811 New Haven Rd., Ray - just east of North Ave.). Interment Resurrection Cemetery. Share memories with the family at their "On-Line Guest Book" @ WujekCalcaterra.com.


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Welcome to your new home in the beautiful resort community of April Sound. Your home sits on a peaceful corner which is 2 lots with a side entry garage. Your home features an open floor plan, 3 bedrooms plus an extra room/Texas basement with many uses. Large master and master bath that has his/her sinks and closets. Living area is spacious with many windows bringing in that natural lighting and gas log fireplace. You will love the large kitchen with new appliances (dishwasher, oven and microwave), granite counter tops and plenty of cabinets and counter space. There is a large utility room that leads out to the oversize garage. Bonus room over the garage with central air and heat. Your favorite space might be the covered screened in back patio. This lovely home has many recent updates (see attached list). Community offers a wonderful country club, private golf course, tennis, boat launches and swimming area plus 24 hour gated security and patrons. Hurry home!
|Price Reduced from $259,900 to $249,999
|Price Reduced from $264,900 to $259,900
|Status Changed from Option Pending to Active
|Status Changed from Active to Option Pending
|Price Reduced from $269,999 to $264,900
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|Price Reduced from $274,900 to $269,999
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Listing information last updated on December 5th, 2019 at 3:26pm CST.