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SAWS News
Suzuki Violin Day April 1, 2017
A Day of Fun and Learning for Suzuki Violin Students and Parents! The Suzuki Academy at Music Center of the Northwest, in the Green Lake/Greenwood area of Seattle, is hosting a Suzuki Violin Day workshop with special guest, Reagan Brasch from Chicago. The event is 10:00am – 4:00pm at the Music Center, 901 N 96th St., Seattle, 98103. It features group classes, games, performance, ensemble and parent learning and is for students level Pre-Twinkle to Book 5. A play list will be emailed to all participants one month prior to the festival. Ensemble for reading students, (usually book 3 or above). Register through Music Center of the Northwest at mcnw.org (http://www.mcnw.org/programs/workshops/workshops.htm) or call 206-526-8443. Registration is $60/student. Young students, 3-5 years, can opt to attend a half day. For more info contact Lauren Lamont at email@example.com or call 206-941-1162. Registration deadline: March 25 See attached flyer! Reagan Brasch...read more
Sera Smollen Calling all Teachers
SERA SMOLEN CALLING ALL TEACHERS Calling All Teachers! Calling all students! Dr. Sera Smolen will be in Seattle to introduce us to Creative Ability Development (CAD) on May 28. CAD provides a simple framework by which you and your students can easily improvise. WATCH THIS VIDEO of the students performing! www.creativeabilitydevelopment.com www.creativeabilitydevelopment.com/samples You and your students DESERVE this information and training ~ imagine this for your studio! Improvisation Workshop!! The Philosophy and Method of Creative Ability Development Developed by Alice Kay Kanack, Dr Suzuki called her "The mother of Mozart" Presented by Sera Smolen ~30 years teaching CAD~ "All children are born creative; creativity is nurtured in the environment" For Violin—Viola—Cello– String Bass – Piano – Flute Sera will teach: ¨ A simple framework by which you & your students can easily improvise ¨ Learn to improvise in every key ¨ Learn to improvise in styles of various composers ¨ Student Workshops for: Beginners, age 4 and up Intermediate students Quartet & ensemble improvisation for advanced students Includes teacher observation of Student Workshops: Sign up today – Save the date May 28, 2016 Teachers: 9:30-4:30pm (lunch included) Cost: $110 through April 30, then $120 Students: $15/ 1 hour session Location: 19408 SE 322nd St, Kent WA 98042 Registration limited to 18! Don't delay! Contact Anita: email@example.com / 206.326-0658 STUDENTS 11:00-11:45 Younger beginners (age 4-8) 12:45-1:45 Older beginners (age 8+) 1:45 -2:45 Intermediate students 2:45-4:00 Advanced students – Improvising Ensembles Tuition: $15 per student TEACHERS Workshop: 9:30-4:30 (lunch provided for teachers only) Tuition: $110 through April 30, then $120 REGISTRATION Mail this form and the tuition (checks payable to Anita Knight) to: 19408 SE 322nd St, Kent WA 98042 Or call Anita to pay by credit card: 206.326-0658 Fees are non-refundable EXTRA, EXTRA! Classes for teachers or studios available on Tuesday, May 31 or Wed, June 1 contact Anita) STUDENT REGISTRATION Name ______________________________________________________________ Age_______ Parent name: ______________________Mobile________________Email_____________________ Teacher ____________________________Current piece __________________ Name ______________________________________________________________ Age_______ Parent name: ______________________Mobile________________Email_____________________ Teacher ____________________________Current piece __________________ TEACHER REGISTRATION Name ______________________________________________________________________ Address ______________________________________________ City ______________________________________ State __________________ Zip __________ Mobile _______________________________ Email: ________________________________________ Alice Kanack's books, edited by Sera Smolen Improvising Music with Children: for pre-twinklers Fun Improvisation for . . . (Violin, Viola, Cello, Piano, Flute): for Suzuki Books 1-2 Improvising String Quartets: for improvising in simultaneous parts Bass Lines and Fantasies: for improvising in every key Additional workshop topics Stages of creative development Recent brain research Convergent & divergent thinking and effect on creativity How CAD parallels and supports Suzuki lessons and classes The Rule: The Premise is that all children are born with creative ability. Any child's innate creative ability can be developed through the disciplined practice of creative exercises which allow the child complete freedom of choice. Great creative ability is the art of making choices. Creative Ability Development is a philosophy and method based on the idea that inspiration can be taught through the disciplined practice of a creative thought process. The method was developed through a scientific analysis of the writings of great creative geniuses in all fields.Why study this? Concert artists are performance geniuses. They combine technical proficiency with a deeply personal style and understanding. When a student creates his own music, he develops a personal expressive style as well as a deeper...read more
2016 Scholarships Reminder
Scholarship forms are ready! To find out the password into these forms, you'll need to be a member. Teacher Scholarships: Three $300 scholarships awarded per year Deadline: March 15 We offer scholarships for teachers who are current members of SAWS and want to continue their Suzuki Teacher Training education by taking short or long-term Suzuki teacher training. Student Scholarships: Seven $300 scholarships awarded per year Deadline: March 15 We offer 5 scholarships for any Suzuki institute and 2 scholarships for the Japan-Seattle Suzuki Institute. Scholarships are for students whose teacher is a current members of...read more
Proposed Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation
As part of becoming a Chapter Affiliate of the SAA, we need to amend our Articles of Incorporation to align with the SAA's requirements. The board voted to adopt the attached amendment at our board meeting of March 15, 2015. The general membership must now approve of the amendment. Please read the attached proposed amendment to our Articles of Incorporation and be prepared to vote on them at our Annual General Meeting at 12:00 on Saturday October 10, 2015. Suzuki.001d Art of...read more
Note from the President
December 2014 Dear SAWS Members, Tis the season to be thoughtfully reminiscing about the old year and making plans for a new year. Right now I am looking back on our Fall Festival 2014 as a huge success, and I feel grateful that I am part of such a vibrant community of Suzuki teachers. Thank you to Lucy Shaw, Carol and David Cross, Barb Riley, Ward Beebe, Lisa Toner, and everyone who took on a job to make the Festival run smoothly! What a joy (excuse the pun!) to have had Alice Joy Lewis with us! She gave us an inspiring task when she talked about Parent Education, and how it helps parents to learn from us what exactly is expected of them. As I reminisce about that day, I come away from her talk determined to take the time and effort to show parents more about how I want them to practice with their children, how I want them to smile while they are at it, and how I want them to speak with enthusiasm and use their positive words. Parents don't always know how to teach. They forget the years of experience they have had with gravity and send their kids off on bikes that go downhill. They come home from work and wonder why their child isn't full of energy to practice at 7pm when they finally have time to get together. They aren't always happy to sing Twinkle for the 50th time, let alone, what?! – get up and dance to it?! I went through all of these things as a parent, and now what a great feeling I have being involved with other parents growing with their children – all of us accumulating experience with perseverance, creativity, and love. I'm already looking forward to Fall Festival 2015! The year 2015 will be an important year for SAWS as we start operating as a Chapter Affiliate of the SAA. The SAWS Board has been talking through these issues and will be coming up with goals for 2015 and 2016. We would like to hear from you before our next board meeting in February, if you have any thoughts concerning these topics. This is where we think our energy should be directed in the new year: Increasing communication between SAWS Board and SAWS Membership via a well-designed website Increasing our membership involvement, by encouraging young Suzuki teachers to get more involved. Defining the work necessary to keep SAWS running by writing new job descriptions, seeking clarity and fairness guidelines concerning payment vs volunteerism. Finishing our Chapter Affiliate application by acting on suggestions from the SAA application review committee. Most things will stay the same in 2015: our Calendar of Events, our Fall Festival, our Graduation program, and Chamber Music programs will still be there. We will certainly give out Scholarships to families going to summer Suzuki Institutes. And our lovely Suzuki friendships will continue! Two things will change however, and I want you to know about these. Our membership dues are now $31, one dollar more than before, and they are now due in January of each year. That's next month! Before sending in our check for $31 to SAWS, we will need to make sure we are current members of the SAA. ...read more


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Liam Payne has spoken about his relationship with his 15-month-old son Bear following his split from girlfriend Cheryl.
The singer revealed that Bear currently lives with Cheryl, and while he gets upset having to leave him, he would "never" take him away from his mum.
Speaking to People, Liam said: "It's been very hard, being away, being out on the road.
"Babies want their mum, I would never have wanted to get in the way of that. It was actually easier to go out on the road just knowing he wanted his mum.
"Now he looks at me and points at me like, 'Here's this fun guy!' He knows," the former One Direction singer continued.
"That makes me more upset now, leaving, because I know he'll want to see me.
"But he's not at the place yet where he's crying when I leave, that's gonna be absolute disaster. I'm not ready for that."
Liam added that he had "always wanted to be a young dad" but he never expected he'd be in the place he is now.
Cheryl and Liam announced their split earlier this month, posting identical statements on social media where they both referred to Bear as their "world".
Related: Liam Payne opens up about pressures to give up work and spending more time with Bear
"We are sad to announce that we are going our separate ways. It's been a tough decision for us to make," the statement read.
"We still have so much love for each other as a family. Bear is our world and we ask that you respect his privacy as we navigate our way through this together."
Meanwhile, Cheryl has been opening up about getting back to work, revealing that her fifth studio album is "pretty much finished" now.
"At this stage we're deciding what will be the first single. We're choosing between about three songs, but that's quite a nice problem to have," Cheryl told The Sun.
"Thankfully I'm not looking at it, saying, 'Oh God, all this work and we don't have a hit record'. I think we do."
Want up-to-the-minute entertainment news and features? Just hit 'Like' on our Digital Spy Facebook page and 'Follow' on our @digitalspy Instagram and Twitter account.

subset: commoncrawl


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Top 12 Areas Visited In Sydney
I traveled to Sydney for 4 times while living in Australia. But the commonality of these 4 trips in the city, all were short trips, mostly from less than 24 hours up to more than 48 hours. Most of my traveled in the city the intention was to just passed it except during my last flight which was really meant for Sydney. I


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Nayaswami Pranaba
Nayaswamis Pranaba helped to create and direct Ananda centers in Palo Alto, Portland, Seattle, Dallas, and Assisi, Italy. Together with his wife, Nayaswami Parvati, they have been sharing Yogananda's teachings for almost 60 years. Pranaba is currently manager of Ananda Sangha Worldwide, Ananda's outreach ministry. An excellent teacher, he is known for his unfailing kindness and gentle approach.


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JEFFERSON CITY -- Missouri Gov. Matt Blunt's unheralded decision last week to elevate an Appeals Court judge to the state's Supreme Court could turn controversial. Blunt Patricia Breckenridge to fill a vacancy created by Judge Ronnie White's recent retirement. Blunt was the first GOP governor to make a Supreme Court pick since John Ashcroft in 1993. Breckenridge, twice elevated as a judge by GOP governors, was easily the most experienced of the three names handed Blunt by Missouri's Appellate Judicial Commission (AJC), LNL reported July 26. But Blunt made clear he was unhappy with the judicial choice offered him by the AJC. Republican lawmakers and conservative state pressure groups like the Adam Smith Foundation (ASF) later charged the AJC with secrecy and liberal bias. The ASF recently posted a report criticizing the AJC's deliberations over the three nominees. In his statement confirming Breckenridge's elevation, Blunt called her "the best candidate of the three candidates submitted to me by the Appellate Judicial Commission." But he also added: "I cannot be certain that any judge selected by this Appellate Judicial Commission will follow the judicial philosophy of U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Roberts, who I believe should be a model." One day before Blunt's announcement, national social conservatives were already hammering the governor for what they considered a cave-in on the Supreme Court Justice issue. A National Review blogsite recently posted a memo accusing Breckenridge of closet liberalism and Blunt of not being a "principled conservative" for choosing her. It was signed by Tony Perkins of the Family Research Council, Paul Weyrich of the Free Congress Foundation and Kay Daly of the Coalition for a Fair Judiciary. The memo, entitled "Conservatives declare was on Gov. Blunt," accused him of "a 180 degree flip" by appointing Breckenridge after decrying her nomination for weeks. "He is abandoning conservatives in Missouri and nationally with this decision," the three warned. Breckenridge has served on the Missouri Court of Appeals for 17 years following appointment by former Gov. John Ashcroft in 1990. She was most recently re-elected for a second 12-year term at the Court of Appeals in 2004.
Gov. wanted another Roberts for Mo. SC, picks Breckenridge instead
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carbon / diamond / graphite
Carbon, the element with atomic number 6, takes its name from the French carbone, which in turn is from the Latin carbo, meaning charcoal.
While humans have been aware of the existence of carbon since prehistory, it wasn't until the advent of modern chemistry in the 18th century that we began to understand its forms and properties and gave it its name. The French word carbone was coined in 1787 by French chemists Antoine Lavoisier, Claude-Louis Berthollet, L. B. Guyton de Morveau and A. F. Fourcroy in their Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique. That work was translated into English the following year, and this translation is the first known English use of carbon:
We adopt to it the modified name of carbon, which indicates the pure and essential principle of charcoal.1
Read the rest of the article...
Copyright 1997-2019, by David Wilton


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Learning activities
Through the activities described below, students will understand that before computers, typewriters were a useful tool for people whose work involved writing a lot of letters or stories, and be able to imagine a tool for communicating in the future.
- 4-minute video about typewriters
- a typewriter (if possible)
- drawing and writing materials
- images (click on the images below to enlarge for printing or display)
With your students, watch the video 'What is this? Typewriter'.
Advertisement for Remington typewriters. Courtesy of the Early Office Museum
Ruth Park, children's author, using a typewriter, 1962. Source: National Library of Australia (nla.pic-an24574252).
Four members of the South African Women's Auxiliary Air Force, Cairo, 1942. Source: Australian War Memorial.
Girls and a supervising nun at the Home of the Good Shepherd girls home, Ashfield, 1963. Source: National Library of Australia (nla.pic-an24493420).
1. Typing
If possible, bring a typewriter into the class so that students can each take a turn at typing some words on a page. Compare with typing on computer keyboards or phone/tablet touchscreens.
2. Investigating images of typewriters
Show students the array of images about typewriters, including early advertisements for typewriters, and photographs of people using typewriters. Invite them to consider:
- When were typewriters used and by whom? Typewriters were used for about 100 years, from the late 1800s to the late 1900s. Many different kinds of people used them in offices, on battlefields etc, including secretaries, reporters, authors and people employed to turn speech into text. They were mostly used by women.
- Look at the early advertisements, one by one: what worries do you think people might have had about typewriters when they were first invented? Maybe they would be hard to use? Maybe they would make communication less personal?
- In what ways do you think that typing would differ from writing by hand? Typing was quicker, more uniform and easier to read, less personal because everyone's handwriting is unique, but typewritten text is consistent regardless of the typist.
- Look at the photographs of people using typewriters. In what ways do you think that typing would differ from writing on a computer? Would typing be more manual or tiring? There's no 'undo' button on a typewriter – so it's more difficult to correct your work! Many typing tasks were not very creative – often the typist was making a copy of something already written.
3. Questioning
Having looked at the images and talked about them, ask each student to write down a question they have about typewriters.
Select some of the most interesting questions for further exploration. If you have a typewriter in the class, you could type up each of the most interesting questions on a page.
Rather than answering the question, invite others in the class to respond. If no one is able to answer the question, talk about ways you might find out the answer. If appropriate, ask the students to see if they can find out the answer by talking to their grandparents.
4. Imagining
Remind students that typewriters were used 100 years ago but that today they're hardly used at all in places with electricity because we have computers. Ask them to imagine how we'll communicate our words 100 years from now – when the students are great-great-grandparents. Draw a picture or write a description of how the communication happens.
Go to What is this? and the teacher support video.
Go to other pages in this resource:
Unless otherwise indicated (in this copyright notice or in relation to particular material on this website) you may copy, distribute, display, download and print the material on this web page for your own person use, for non-commercial education purposes or for non-commercial use within your organisation, provided that you attribute the National Museum of Australia.
All other rights are reserved by the Museum. For example, you will have to obtain permission from the Museum if you wish to: (a) charge others for access to the material (other than at cost); (b) include the material in advertising or a product for sale; or (c) alter the material; unless a notice for that material provides otherwise.


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Library Resources
Our collection of over 28,000 books primarily supports undergraduate and taught graduates across all subjects. The collection is also a secondary resource for the College's PhD students and Fellows. Details on how the collection is organised and how to find a book can be found in the 'Searching and Finding' Section.
We are continually reviewing and improving the collection and encourage members to make recommendations for new books or additional copies. You can e-mail us firstname.lastname@example.com, complete a book recommendation form, or talk to us in persons.
As a Magdalene student, you have access to the University of Cambridge's extensive range of books, journals and online databases. Many of these resources are accessed via iDiscover, however, some are only listed and accessed via the eBooks and eResources websites. Both websites contain a wealth of material to support you in finding and making the most of the available online resources.
Use iDiscover to search the University's libraries print and online collections using a single search. Find books, ebooks, videos, theses, open access content and more.
The University of Cambridge has access to over 1.5 million ebooks from a wide variety of publishers and platforms. Use the eBooks website to find a specific ebook, access over 60 ebook platforms and discover how to make the most of ebooks in your research and study.
eResources and eJournals
Journals to which the Library has purchased electronic access are listed on the Library's ejournals webpages. You can search the list by title, subject, vendor, or citation.
Print Journals and Reference Collection
Our reference reading room (Benson Room) holds several current runs of print journals and magazines in a number of subjects. We also hold dictionaries, encyclopaedias, maps and anthologies in the reference collection.
Our Law reading room (Wigglesworth Room) holds a large collection of law journals and law reports, alongside our borrowable law book collection.
Past Examination Papers
The Middle Room holds bound volumes of past Examination Papers, which are available for reference and which may also be photocopied.
A selection of DVDs and CDs are available to borrow. The collection consists largely of DVDs relevant to study, such as foreign language films, productions of Shakespeare's plays, and adaptations of classic novels, but some entertainment material is also available.
Welfare Section
In our Welfare section, situated in the Middle Room (Left Cloister), you can find books and resources on a range of welfare issues - these can be borrowed confidentially. For more information, see Welfare Section page.
Study Skills
We hold a collection of borrowable and reference books to support your writing, research and general study skills, these can be found in the Middle Room (Left Cloister).
Study Resources
We hold a number of study aids to be used within the library, these can be found in both left and Right Cloister. The Laptop stands must be signed out from the library office.
- Staplers and hole punches (small and heavy duty)
- Lamps (incl. Some daylight bulbs)
- A4 Whiteboards and a free standing flipchart/whiteboard
- Book chairs
- Laptop stands
- Earplugs (Easter term only)
IT Resources
The Library provides access to networked computers, printers and scanners.


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I'm guessing I'm missing something somewhere, but how do I embed an audio file that I have already uploaded to my course into a quiz question? I can see it in a Files Folder, but can't figure out how to get it into the question. Thanks!!
I'm guessing I'm missing something somewhere, but how do I embed an audio file that I have already uploaded to my course into a quiz question? I can see it in a Files Folder, but can't figure out how to get it into the question. Thanks!!
Hi Shane Cadman - Fortunately the quiz features the same rich content editor that exists most other places in Canvas. If you follow the instructions here: How do I insert course files into the Rich Content Editor using the Content Selector as an instructor? it will work. I realize that says "course files" but because it's an audio file Canvas will recognize it as such, and automatically display an audio file player embedded within the editor when complete, much like the illustration shown in this separate page from the online instructor's guide at the bottom of the page: How do I upload an audio file using the Rich Content Editor as an instructor? (The latter instructions are for uploading an audio file from your computer directly rather than from an existing file you already have, but the end effect is the same.)
The main thing to remember is regardless of where you are in Canvas, if you see the rich content editor the same features of that editor will apply!
I hope this helps, Shane!
Hi Ken,
Thanks for replying to my question. Let me be a bit more specific in what I'm doing. I am writing questions in a question bank. When I am in here, there is not File option that I can see so that I can link an existing course file. I hope that makes more sense, and I hope I'm missing something simple.
Thanks for the clarification, Shane! That does make a difference and you raise an excellent point! I found an archived Feature Idea on a similar question here: Include "Insert Content into this Page" sidebar in Question Banks . I'm a bit surprised that this has not come up more frequently, and I have a feeling that I am missing something obvious here. I suppose a work-around is to create the question "normally" as a regular quiz question (not in a bank) and let Canvas add it to the Unfiled Questions question bank that gets added automatically to every course site, but that seems a bit odd. One issue, I suspect, is that because question banks can get re-used constantly from term-to-term is that the links to course-specific items will get broke, but it would be the same case when copying any quiz from course-to-course and Canvas can usually handle that just fine.
Hmm; again, I think I'm missing something. I think I will call on higher authorities such as Stefanie Sanders or resident quiz expert Kona Jones here! I will be mighty embarrassed if the answer is in front of my face somewhere, but it won't be the first time I miss something obvious! Susan Nugent created a great post a few years ago on tricks with adding images to question banks (Adding Images to Questions ) but not media files.
It appears that nobody has replied yet with an answer. Any thoughts out there? Is there any way to change it from being correct? Stefanie Sanders - is that something you can change? Any more thoughts Ken Black?
Sorry, Shane...I can't think of anything. I'll tag Kona Jones again. (I'm also hoping that Quizzes.Next may do something about this, but I have not played around with it. No specific indication here: How do I add content to an item bank in New Quizzes? )
I figured out a workaround...
1. Edit the question, click HTML Editor, then paste the following wherever you want the embedded audio:

<video class="instructure_inline_media_comment" src="___________________" width="300" height="50" controls="controls" data-media_comment_type="video" data-alt="">file</video>

(chopped my original message, not sure why....)
2. Go to your Files section, find your audio file (or upload it), and right-click on the blue title, then select Copy Link Address (or Copy Link or similar, you want the full URL of your file, starting with http).
3. Then, replace the ____________________ in the text in step 1 with your URL (paste it in).
4. Lastly, if your URL ends with download_frd=1 then change the 1 to a 0
5. Click Update Question, and your done.
I did it this way. I uploaded the file and inserted it into my content editor, but because it wasn't embedded yet, I right clicked to get the URL.
I copied the link, then inserted it as a media file by pasting in the general source field.
This image was the embedded visual.
Hope this is helpful!


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Verstappen escapes penalty for Grosjean run-in
Max Verstappen has avoided a grid penalty after the FIA stewards investigated him for potentially impeding Romain Grosjean in qualifying for Formula 1's Hungarian Grand Prix.
Verstappen, who qualified in seventh, drew the ire of Haas driver Grosjean late on in Q3, as the Frenchman felt he was significantly hampered by the Red Bull.
Grosjean radioed to his team that Verstappen "f**ked" him and told media afterwards: "It cost me the last two laps. I lost 1.6 seconds on the lap I caught him and I tried to open a bit of a gap and start the next lap.
"I was so close and there was so much spray I couldn't see a thing."
However, after summoning Verstappen, Grosjean and representatives of their respective teams, and reviewing evidence, the stewards opted to take no further action.
Their decision was based on the fact that Verstappen was slowing to create a gap to the Toro Rosso of Pierre Gasly up the road, and that the distance between the cars involved changed dramatically in a short amount of time in conditions with "limited visibility".
"Verstappen was on a fast lap but then caught Gasly early in the lap," the stewards' explanation read. "He then aborted the lap. Grosjean who was on a fast lap, was catching Verstappen. He was six seconds behind at Turn 11 and four seconds behind at Turn 13.
"Verstappen was close to Gasly going into Turn 13. At this point Gasly set up for his flying lap and Verstappen in turn slowed to get a gap. Grosjean caught Verstappen between Turn 13 and Turn 14, which impeded Grosjean.
"While Verstappen was given reasonable, if slightly delayed information by his team, the Stewards took into account that with the very wet conditions, there was limited visibility ahead, and no visibility behind the drivers.
"The gaps between Gasly, Verstappen and Grosjean changed over a very short section of the track, and under the conditions the Stewards determined that the impeding was not, as the rule states, 'unnecessary impeding' and therefore take no further action."
The decision means that Verstappen keeps seventh on the grid and will line up three places ahead of Grosjean, who was last in Q3.
Additional reporting by Edd Straw
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No. 121, Suraj Coloney Outside Mewari Gate Beawar, Beawar
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Dosing & Uses
Dosage Forms & Strengths
ophthalmic solution
- 0.3%/10%
1-2 gtt in the conjunctival sac
Repeat in 5 minutes, if necessary
Postoperative Use
For cycloplegia and to break posterior synechiae in iritis
Postoperatively instill 1-2 gtt into eye(s) TID-QID when desirable to maintain dilation and rest ciliary body
Other Information
Combinations induce mydriasis that is considerably greater than that of either drug alone
<18 safety and efficacy not established
Interaction Checker
No Results
Serious - Use Alternative
Significant - Monitor Closely
Adverse Effects
Frequency Not Defined
Headache or browache
Reactive hyperemia
Blurred vision
Sensitivity to light
Transient burning or stinging
Transient keratitis
Hypersensitivity reactions such as allergic conjunctivitis or dermatitis
Rare (Systemic)
Increased perspiration
Occipital headache
Pallor or blanching
Trembling or tremors
Premature ventricular contractions
Hypersensitivity to either component
Known or suspected angle-closure glaucoma
Soft contact lenses
Reduce dose if used within 21 d of MAO inhibitors or TCAs
Wait 5 minutes between multiple drops (no >3 drops needed)
May cause false-normal tonometry readings, tonometry should be performed before phenylephrine is administered
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category: C
Lactation: unknown if excreted in breast milk, use caution
Pregnancy Categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.
Onset: 15 min
Absorption: some systemic
Maximum effect: 60 min
Duration: 3 hr
Recovery (usual): 3-7 hr
Mechanism of Action
Phenylephrine acts directly on alpha-adrenergic receptors in eye producing contraction of dilator muscle of pupil and constriction of arterioles in conjunctiva
Ophthalmic scopolamine blocks the responses of iris sphincter muscle and the accommodative muscle of the ciliary body to cholinergic stimulation, thereby producing mydriasis and cycloplegia


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The Legal 500 Hall of Fame highlights individuals who have received constant praise by their clients for continued excellence. The Hall of Fame highlights, to clients, the law firm partners who are at the pinnacle of the profession. In Europe, Middle East and Africa, the criteria for entry is to have been recognised by The Legal 500 as one of the elite leading lawyers for seven consecutive years. These partners are highlighted below and throughout the editorial.
Click here for more details
Finland > Legal Developments > Tax & Private Client > Law firm and leading lawyer rankings
Press releases and law firm thought leadership
This page is dedicated to keeping readers informed of the latest news and thought leadership articles from law firms across the globe.
If your firm wishes to publish press releases or articles, please contact Shehab Khurshid on +44 (0) 207 396 5689 or firstname.lastname@example.com
Search News and Articles
Cross-border merger case to ECJ
The Finnish Supreme Administrative Court decided on 7 March 2011 (KHO 2011:21) to request for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) concerning the question whether a Finnish parent company may deduct the final tax losses of its Swedish subsidiary after a cross-border merger.
The European Commission proposes a system of common consolidated corporate tax base
The European Commission presented on 16 March 2011 a proposal that calls for
a common system for calculating the tax base of business operating in the EU.
At the moment, a company active within the whole EU can be forced to comply
with up to 27 different national tax systems. The new Common Consolidated
Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) seeks to reduce the administrative burden,
compliance costs and legal uncertainties by creating a "one-stop-shop" system
where the profits and losses across the EU could be consolidated.
Tax-neutral exchange of shares case to ECJ
The Finnish Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) decided on 31 January 2011 (KHO:2011:10) to ask for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) concerning the question whether a tax-neutral share exchange can be completed between a company residing in an EU country and a company residing in the European Economic Area (EEA) (such as Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein).
The Supreme Administrative Court has issued on 5 January 2011 a ruling concerning the change of generation relief of gift taxation (KHO 2011:1). In its ruling the SAC stated that the preconditions for the tax relief were not fulfilled since the donee was a minor and thus could not act as a board member in the company's board of directors as provided for in Chapter 6 Section 10 of the Finnish Companies Act.
Legal Alert - Intermediate report of the taxation development working group
The taxation working group, appointed by the Ministry of Finance and led by Mr. Hetemäki, has in its intermediate report (35/2010) proposed key changes to taxation. The main themes of the intermediate report are widening the tax base, lightening the taxation of work and shift of focus from direct taxes to consumption taxes. The focus of income tax is proposed to be slightly shifted from taxation of corporate earnings to taxation of personal capital income. The key points of the working group report are presented in brief in the following.
Supreme Administrative Court issues rulings concerning taxation of cross-border dividends
On 12 March 2010 the Finnish Supreme Administrative Court issued two rulings concerning taxation of cross-border dividends. Based on the rulings both Finnish investors and foreign investment funds may be entitled to tax refunds.
According to current regulations in the Income Tax Act, capital losses derived from the sale of assets are deductible from capital gains in the year when the loss is incurred and during three following fiscal years. These provisions are applicable to capital losses incurred by individuals and by corporate entities, if the capital loss is incurred in other than the company's business or agricultural activities (e.g. in certain rental activities).
On 6 November 2009 the Finnish Government issued a bill proposing amendments to the Finnish tonnage tax regime. The proposed amendments aim to promote the international competitiveness of the Finnish shipping industry and the employment of the branch in question. The new tonnage tax regime offers tax incentives to Finnish shipowners and encourages shipowners to new investments and to bring ships under the Finnish flag. The tax consultants of Attorneys at law Borenius & Kemppinen Ltd are willing to assist the Finnish shipowners in taking advantage of the reform, in the implementation of the tonnage taxation regime and in the tax restructuring of shipowners' group structure.
Legal Alert - Finnish tonnage tax reform to the Parliament
On 6 November 2009 the Finnish Government issued a bill proposing amendments to the Finnish tonnage tax regime. The proposed amendments aim to promote the international competitiveness of the Finnish shipping industry and the employment of the branch in question. The new tonnage tax regime offers tax incentives to Finnish shipowners and encourages shipowners to new investments and to bring ships under the Finnish flag.
The Finnish Government has published the outlines for the country's 2010 budget, which include some changes in taxation. The following is a brief description of the planned actions. The proposed budget will be presented to the Parliament in September 2009.
The Finnish tax system has been amended regarding the payment of most of the unprompted taxes. These include the value added tax, the income tax deducted at source, the employers' social security contribution, the withholding tax, the insurance premium tax, and the lottery tax.
Legal Alert - New tax treaty between Finland and Poland amends taxation of hiring out of labour
The Governments of Finland and Poland have signed a new income tax treaty on June 8, 2009. The tax treaty will enter into force and replace the current tax treaty once it has been ratified by both countries. This is expected in 2010.
Pricing Policies
The map of pricing and reimbursement systems in Europe is a complex one. Each member state employs its own regime and governments continue to search for the ideal system, that can achieve cost savings while ensuring a fair rate of return to pharmaceutical manufacturers. The European pharmaceutical pricing systems are either free-pricing systems or price-regulated systems. The majority of European countries have implemented price-regulated systems, typically in the form of reference pricing systems.
The Reform of Finnish Corporate Taxation
A bill aimed at reforming Finnish corporate taxation is forthcoming in October 2007.


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Mist Estrellla
Subject: Mist Estrellla
Mon Mar 09, 2009 10:05 am
- Mist Estrella
-Meaning of Name (if any)-
Mist :3
2 years
Shiny white pelt, medium length and kept clean at all times. She has a slender build with sutble curves, and blue eyes with a silver sheen over them.
She can be a bit aggressive at times, and stubborn. One of her biggest flaws is her difficulty to trust another wolf. Mist hates being told what to do, one of the reasons why she stays clear of packs. Mist is quite anti-social and prefers to keep as much distance from other wolves as possible. She is most often found, on her own somewhere, and will not appreciate it when you show up and disturb her. She is also semi-mute, not saying anything unless she has to. This femme uses body language mostly to question another or express her opinion's. Strangers and Pack dogs are something Mist hates, entirely. She won't give them any information and is a very secretive wolf. Most wolves who meet her hardly get to know her name before she's gone again. She hides her emotions behind a blank look of calmness, normally, if somebody annoys her or gives her some stupid petty comment.. She'll take it out later on something else.
But there is another side to Mist, one that is very rarely shown to anybody. For you see, all wolves have the capacity for kindness and loyalty. And Mist, once you get to know her better can be a fun-loving, simply delightful female who will remain loyal to her last breath. But this is, if you past the hard test of befriending her. Only a few have managed to do that, but even they had not stayed in her 'good books' for long. Mist nearly always holds a grudge and tends to tell other wolves their flaws. She can be quite proud, taking lots of things seriously. She is fairly weak in battle, often tiring and then eventually fleeing. Not out a fear, merely intelligence. Mist would rather flee then risk a few bloody wounds and then a possibility of infection= Death.
Mist was bought up into a pack normally along with her brother, Sirion. Her mother was called Lily, her father Dagg. Yes, her parent's names were very common. But they were both powerful alpha's. The packs name was called Broken Hill's.. Unfortunately, the happy time in the pack didn't last forever. At the young age of 2, a cyclone hit the forest. Mist's family and pack perished.. Or at least, she thought that they did. But there was one survivor, a male called Reise. She and him traveled together for months, and soon formed a close bond with each other. They shared pretty much everything in life and soon, fell in love. But this too, was short lived.
The reason for this is because another femme arrived on the scene, a wolf called Akelia, who was much more attractive then herself. Soon, Mist found that she had been left behind, alone again. Jealousy,hurt and anger had spread through this female's veins. Along with the already grief of loosing her pack, it was too much to bare. Mist had became close to starvation three times, and three times she managed to recover, she can often become depressed with her head hanging low. This female now travels the land in search of survivors from the past cyclone. So far, no luck. But she hopes she'll one day find a wolf that will fill the empty space that now lies in her dormant heart. Though, it's certainly doubtful that she ever will again.
Now she has traveled further, still searching, still living her struggle of life. Mist has never considered having another mate again after what happened. And slowly she has found herself to begin to have no real interest in mates. However, pups somehow always make her smile. Perhaps one day she'll feel different about the whole 'love bird' thing.
-Sample Post-
The thrumming sound in my ears was getting bloody annoying now. My breath came in pants, it was mid-day, the heat was at it's fullest but not as bad since it was now winter. But it was still brutal. My ears layed back and I sighed my discomfort. Anything to get away from the mud.. A voice sang in my head. I groaned silently, sure, the swamp had been tough and I had managed to rid the filth off my thick pelt in a pool, but it hadn't dried before I went into the desert, the sand clung to my fur in matts and I sighed, my eyes lowering the the grainy ground. I should have stuck around with that little arctic fella, Verlyn a while longer. Russell hadn't really catched my attention, but that little white male had seemed rather like my brother. I growled at the memory of Korvain involuntarily. My tail whacked the hollow wood of a dead tree and I winced at the pain that followed. I wasn't in the best of moods, the heat only made me mad and I was eager to channel my frustration out onto somebody else. Tree's weren't my ideal victims. I continued walking, oblivious to my surroundings. If I kept walking, I'd make it out. Sure I would! I hummed a subtle but low tone to myself, "Guilty of no crime Not enough yet too much time. I'm burning in this hell. Plans to buy and dreams to sell." Really, I was just bored here. There was nothing to do, except to walk. Nothing interesting around me, no signs of life apart from a few snakes and ground squirrels. I gnashed my teeth together and wished now that I could have dragged Korvain back with me instead of running away from him.
I was a clingy sort of female, I loved having my way. Pig headed. Probably the best word to describe me as. I was unashamed though, bring on the insults, I'll slit your throat. Males were my favorites, wolves like my brother, who had always been submissive and followed me before. Now he seemed to have changed. I didn't like it, and I'd come back for him and either kill him, or make sure to make his life hell on earth. I made a face as sand blew into my orbs and winced, letting my lids droop so that my eyes were protected from getting scratched by the sharp grains. I was forced, to sit down for a moment. My strength was seeping in this humid air and I panted, trying to regain my energy. What was wrong with me? I had perfect stamina and was very healthy. Seemed as if it was just too hot and my thick fur didn't really help me out here. I preferred neutral conditions, not too hot, not too cold. The swamp was just full of mud, so I didn't like that either. I was picky. I lifted my rump off the ground again and took off at a slow pace, not wanting to overheat myself.
And wolves actually live here? I'd heard that most wolves did enjoy living in the desert. I wrinkled the bridge of my nose in disgust. It wasn't likely to find a desert-dwelling wolf here. Most were just probably passing through, such as myself. My tired paws sank lazily into the ground, tail drooped and eyes lowered. The sand around me was getting evermore restless, the wind picking it up and making it fly in my face. "What.." I stopped there, wondering why I had even spoken. I blinked and sighed, the desert was annoying me. I rushed forwards, my front legs pushing me forward whilst my backlegs strangely didn't keep up the pace. I sighed, I was weak enough as it was. I didn't have a good sense of direction either, so I was probably going to be sticking around here for a while. I struggled to walk to a dead tree and collapsed on my side, pushing myself against the tree and trying to get as much shade as possible. The sand was burning under me, it grew more unbearable, but for some reason I couldn't feel the will the stand up again. I hadn't slept in a while, and soon it took over everything else and I slipped into a light slumber, part of my conscious hoping that I would recover somewhat when I woke again. (Sorry its in first person, if you'd like me to change this, I will. This is another of my charries on Wolves night)
-OOC Stuff-
Mist, or Estrella. Mostly known as Mist.
-Contact Info-
Sarah Jo
Subject: ACCEPTED
Mon Mar 09, 2009 10:24 am
ACCEPTED. Very nice ^^
Mist Estrellla
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Through, Inc. Fall Festival Vendor Application
If you would like to be a vendor at this year's Fall Festival, please read this information and then fill out the form below.
The festival is September 21 from 10am-3pm. Set up will be that morning 7:30-9:30am
We ask that vendors stay the entire time.
Vendor application will close September 14 or when spaces are full. If spaces fill up before the deadline, we will provide a waiting list application and contact those vendors if a space opens.
All vendor applications will be reviewed to ensure your product is the right fit for the event.
We understand that vendors representing the same company may carry different inventory, but because of space limitations we will only accept one representative from each company.
Fee is $20 per space and a donated item for the basket give away. Each space is 10ft x 10ft.
VENDORS ARE OUTSIDE THIS YEAR. Vendors must bring their own table(s), chair(s), and/or pop up, if desired. (There will be none available on the day of the event.)
PLEASE PROVIDE ACCURATE CONTACT INFORMATION. YOU WILL BE CONTACTED SEVERAL TIMES BEFORE THE EVENT. If you do not receive a confirmation email within 3 days, please email us at email@example.com


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A Hamilton, Ontario investment advisor finds himself banned from the industry after losing approximately $2 million in client funds trying to recoup losses through casino games.
This situation feels like a near parallel to the 2003 film based on true events, Owning Mahoney, in which Philip Seymour Hoffman played the part of Dan Mahoney whose gambling habits were fuelled by $10 million of clients' money. This most recent case is no work of fiction either with Alistair Malcom Melville, now a former investment advisor with Assante Capital Management Ltd., losing approximately $2 million from the personal accounts of his clients.
Melville convinced a group of 15 clients to hand over the cash with the understanding that he was going to be using the money to make their investment portfolios more diverse, beyond what the company he worked for would be able to offer them. Little did they know that he was making a desperate attempt at recovering investment losses for his client base by taking their money to gambling outlets and kneeling before the throne of Lady Luck. Complications for his clients, who were mostly of retirement age and had withdrawn equity from other investments and mutual funds, included tax penalties for withdrawals made in their names, furthering the damage done.
The downward spiral seems to have started in 2012 with nearly $300,000 lost through investments that turned sour and the need to recover that money before his clients started leaving him. The Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada found that Melville had been withdrawing funds from client accounts with "false and misleading" explanations given when questioned. The examination of the case also led the IIROC to also clarify that they found that, "there is no evidence that this was a scheme ... to gain profits for himself," even though somewhere between $5,000 and $10,000 was used for his "personal benefit" through the scheme. Of the $2 million that was withdrawn from client accounts, only about $85,000 was used to replace the losses made
Now the time has come to pay the price for his actions. December of 2012 saw Mr Melville relieved of his position with Assante Capital Management who have been working to repay clients. To date, the company has repaid approximately $1.85 million to those harmed by his actions and are in talks with the remaining clients to finish the repayment. Melville was fined $400,000 and charged $10,000 towards costs on top of his lifetime ban from registering as an investor but has been unable to find work in order to work to repay his former employer or clients from his own pocket.
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Welcome to grizzlygambling.com - the whole team welcomes you to our player community. It is our mission to inform members of the latest events on the Canadian market so you can enjoy the best in online casino gambling.


text: Tinker Posted February 24, 2018 Some silliness...The Boy Who Loved Laughter I saw him born and watched him grow, a bright and funny boy I know. He wanted to become a pro in fun and laughter on the go. A stand up comic he'd become upon his banjo he would strum. The boy preferred to dream at school, and on occasion mocked the fool. He made kids laugh and played it cool, then sat upon a yellow stool to bellow silly words that rhyme to pass away the study time. But finally he found the light, he'd prep and study well at night. In class he'd work with all his might to learn enough to do things right. Though laughter always turned a frown, so he would ever be the clown. ~~Judi Van GorderA La Charta using the prompt words preferred, fun, yellow and bright Quote ~~ © ~~ Poems by Judi Van Gorder ~~ For permission to use this work you can write to email@example.com Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Quirks? I have no quirks…
March 27, 2009
Filed under life, self, The Spin Cycle
Okay, I lied, I have plenty. This weeks edition of The Spin Cycle is all about quirks, check out Sprite's Keeper for all the quirky goodness this week. But, before you go, here are my quirks, in no particular order.
I hate peas. I hate them so much, I can eat a frozen pot pie and leave a collection of peas in the tin when I am done eating the pie.
I can't sleep without noise. I grew up in a house close to some railroad tracks and a freeway. When I say close, I mean we were the second house in from the corner and across the street from the house on the corner, there was tracks and freeway. If it is quiet, I can't sleep. I either turn on the TV or the radio.
In college, I had color coded notes, highlighters and folders. It was a system that worked well for me. People always teased me about it and then begged to copy my notes.
I had to have a tooth removed because my mouth was too small. No one believes me, because I am kind of a big mouth.
I hate the color pink, unless it is on The Tyrant then it is cute. Otherwise, it is ugly.
I am not a big fan of cake but I make crazy cakes for the girls' birthdays. I prefer coffee cake, donuts or pie.
Coffee can make me sleepy or energized. It just depends on my mood.
11 Responses to "Quirks? I have no quirks…"
John has a white noise machine that I used to hate. I only preferred the quiet whirring noise of our ceiling fan. Then one day he turned it off and I couldn't sleep! I kept tossing and turning and finally realized it was TOO quiet. When I turned on the white noise machine, I was asleep within minutes. You're linked!
I've got to sleep with a fan, too. It's something I started doing when I used to word 3rd shift and slept during the day. I started sleeping with a fan to drown out the noise of the neighborhood kids. It's been ten years since I worked 3rd shift and I STILL sleep with a fan.
I don't like peas, either. Gross.
I'm laughing at your tiny loud mouth. I hate pink too, I was worried I'd never be able to find clothes for my kid that weren't pink. She has a few pinkish hand me downs that she can pull off but I don't buy her stuff in that color. I never needed noise until I met my husband (who sleeps with a loud fan on). Now I have to also. You're not SO weird.
My dentist told my mother that I should not be encouraged to pull or wiggle loose teeth because my mouth was too small for my permanent teeth. My mother enforced this rule strictly as she didn't want to deal with braces. Nor did I. No one believed my mouth was too small because I am a big mouth too.


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An extraordinary property on a storybook street in Fairway, completely & exquisitely redone by RF Vaughn Bldg. Co. Covered porch with brick walkway, spacious great room with gorgeous cast stone mantle & crown molding. Large gourmet kitchen with Thermador appliances, quartz countertops, custom cabinets and fantastic walk in pantry. Stunning main floor Master bedroom suite with marble master bath and a large, walk in closet with custom cabinets. 3 large bedrooms, two full baths & study on second floor. Deep backyard.
Curbside Recycle, Trash Pick Up, Other
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In its quarterly Early Warning Early Action food security and agriculture report, the FAO reportedly placed North Korea among nine countries at "high risk" of food crises.
The report picked drought and African swine fever virus as major factors that threaten the North's food security.
The eight other high-risk countries are Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Sudan, Yemen, South Sudan, Congo and Cameroon.
In a report released in May, the FAO and the World Food Program said North Korea's crop output this year is expected to hit the lowest level in the past decade, with an estimated 10.1 million people, or about 40 percent of the total population, in urgent need of food aid. (Yonhap)


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The Monterey Conference Center is the only conference facility in northern California steps away from the waterfront. The property sits on the edge of the largest marine sanctuary in the United States – the Monterey Bay. We can't think of a better venue for the 19th Annual Meeting of the PMA!
(831) 646-3770
Downtown East: ($7/day) is located on Washington and Tyler Street between Franklin Street and Del Monte Avenue.
Downtown West: ($10/day) is located between Tyler Street, Franklin Street and Del Monte Avenue.
Additional parking spaces available at the adjacent hotels. There are also metered on-street parking spots surrounding the Conference Center.


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BELGRADE, August 12 /SRNA/ - The implementation of the first law on lobbying will begin in Serbia on Wednesday, August 14, while the first lobbyist should be registered in Autumn.
BELGRADE, August 12 /SRNA/ - Serbia's youths overwhelmingly believe Serbia's foreign policy should be oriented toward Russia, not the EU, while half of them want to go to Western European countries, show the survey carried out by the Serbian Youth Umbrella Organisation /COMS/ on the occasion of the International Youth Day.
PODGORICA, August 12 /SRNA/ - Montenegro has banned the import and transit of pigs and pork products from Serbia due to suspected presence of African swine fever in that country, the Montenegrin Food Safety, Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs Administration said Monday.
SKOPJE, August 12 /SRNA/ - North Macedonia banned on Monday the import and transit of pigs, pork and meat products from Serbia, after several cases of suspected African swine fever were registered in the Belgrade and Smederevo regions, the Food and Veterinary Agency announced.
ZAGREB, August 12 /SRNA/ - According to the Zagreb Public Fire Service, a fire broke out at the Zagreb Main Railway Station on Monday, completely destroying a wagon. /end/vos


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This week's sell-off in the market has people wondering: is it really a good idea for the Federal Reserve to be increasing interest rates? Is President Donald Trump correct in his criticism of Federal Reserve governor Jerome Powell?
To answer that question, we need to understand the purpose of the Federal Reserve, specifically, its dual mandate. According to the Federal Reserve Act, its mandate is threefold. From the Federal Reserve's website,
"The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee shall maintain long run growth of the monetary and credit aggregates commensurate with the economy's long run potential to increase production, so as to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates."
The above statement clearly identifies the goals of the Federal Reserve. The two most important for the sake of our conversation here, are the goals of,
- 1) MAXIMUM EMPLOYMENT, and
Now hold that though, we will come back to it in a bit.
Federal Reserve independence (from politics), is a unique and sacred characteristic of the US central bank. Many other central banks around the world are plagued by political influence; the countries of those central banks have suffered as a result, as politicians have used the central bank to bribe the public, exchanging easy money for votes.
Some say President Donald Trump's unprecedented criticism of the Federal Reserve is just that, an attempt to shame the Federal Reserve publicly. In today's populist and polarized political environment, its a win-win for Trump: if the Fed stops raising rates, he wins. If the Fed doesn't stop, he's diverted any negative economic consequence away from the White House.
Turkey is a perfect example of what happens when monetary policy is used as a political tool. Turkey experienced a sharp jump in inflation recently because the central banks, at the coercion of Prime Minister Recep Tayyap Erdogran, kept interest rates too low, for too long. When interest rates are too low for too long, investors worry that money is being borrowed too easily. They also worry money is being borrowed to people who shouldn't have loans.
Of course, the reason the Prime Minister did this was to keep voters happy, since anywhere in the world, voters will vote with their pocketbooks.
The reasons behind the inflation have to do with debt, and specifically, debt denominated in foreign currency. Turkey owes a total of $200 Billion of US Dollar debt, a gigantic number given the size of its total foreign currency reserves.
source: tradingeconomics.com
You can see above that over the past year (October 2017-October 2018), Turkey's Foreign Currency Reserves averaged about $135 Billion, nowhere near its Foreign Debt Owed of $200 Billion.
The reason behind Turkey's inflation are important, but more important is how the Turkish central bank responded to inflation, or more accurately, how it didn't.
To tame inflation, the central bank should normally immediately raise interest rates. Interest rates need to be raised in order to avoid something called capital flight. Capital flight is when foreign investors and corporations invested in Turkey, pull their assets out of Turkey. They sell their holdings in Turkey, convert their cash back into their domestic currencies ( eg. an American company doing business in Turkey would sell a factory, convert the proceeds into US Dollars), and leave the country.
Capital flight is the worst possible scenario for an inflation-ridden country, because capital flight is a double whammy; it depresses the value of the local currency (Turkish Lira in this case) as foreign investors sell Lira and convert to their respective domestic currency (US Dollars in our example). In Turkey's case, capital flight further depressed the Lira, after inflation had already taken a toll on the Lira.
If interest rates aren't immediately and aggressively raised above the rate of inflation, the currency of the country is destroyed under the weight of inflation and capital flight.
Sometimes inflation is easy to measure, and other times it is not. In the case of Turkey, it is relatively easy to measure inflation. Inflation is usually measured by the change in the value of the currency. The Turkish Lira, and most other currencies in the world that have an export industry (and consequently receive foreign direct investment, foreign currency) are benchmarked against the US Dollar. The reason for this is that Turkey's largest trading partners either pay in US Dollars, or pay in currency that is pegged or convertible into US Dollars. The below table shows a list of Turkey's largest trading partners, with data from WorldStopExports.com.
|Top 10 Turkey Trading Partners
|Amount of Exports
|% of Total Turkish Exports
|$23.4 Billion
|$21.3 Billion
|$19.5 Billion
|United States
|$11.9 Billion
|$11.3 Billion
|$8.1 Billion
|$7.5 Billion
|$6.9 Billion
|South Korea
|$6.6 Billion
|United Kingdom
|$6.5 Billion
There are 2 trading partners in the list that do not have currencies either pegged or easily convertible to US Dollars. They are Russia and Iran; both are not easily convertible as a result of US sanctions. Russia and Iran only amount to 10% of total Turkish exports, which means Turkey could not rely on those two countries to absorb its exports and replenish currency reserves in the event of USD or Euro capital flight.
By the way, the Chinese Yuan is pegged to the US Dollar, meaning trading in Yuan is essentially the same as trading in US Dollars.
The gist of the above is that Turkish inflation is therefore easily measured by the value of Turkish Lira versus the US Dollar, the main currency it's exports are directly or indirectly paid for.
source: tradingeconomics.com
The above chart shows the Turkish Lira exchange rate against the dollar, and also an additional line showing the Turkish Central Bank interest rate. Notice that the Turkish Lira did not begin to gain value against the US Dollar until the Turkish Central Bank raised rates all the way up to nearly 25%. Notice also that between October 1st, 2017 and June 7th, 2018, the Turkish Lira lost 33% of its value (from 3.5 Lira per US Dollar to 4.5 Lira per US Dollar). During that time, the Central Bank took no action to tame inflation. On June 7th, 2018, it finally took action, raising rates from 8%, to about 17.75%, as Reuters reported.
Unfortunately, it was too late, because capital flight had already begun. That is why between June 7, 2018 and September 13, 2018, the currency tumbled even further, losing an additional 33% of its value.
On September 13, 2018, the Turkish Central Banks made an unprecedented interest rate hike from 17.75% to 24%. Since mid-September, inflation and the Lira, have stabilized.
You can also see below that Turkey's foreign currency reserves have started to rebound ever since the last interest rate hike to 24%. This is evidence of foreign capital returning to the country; more concretely, this is US Dollars coming back into Turkey, being exchanged into Turkish Liras, and invested into the country at that very high interest rate.
source: tradingeconomics.com
The question then becomes, how would a country like the United States measure it's inflation rate? The US Dollar is a world currency, and therefore it's value is relative to a whole basket of foreign currencies; this makes it much more complicated to value.
The US Dollar Index was created to measure the value of the US Dollar against a basket of currencies after the Gold Standard was eliminated.
With that said, the US Dollar Index is not very accurate; the basket of currencies used to measure the US Dollar doesn't included China, the largest trading partner of the United States. This makes the US Dollar Index flawed.
The best way to measure US inflation, therefore, is by measuring it in the actual prices of things. There are several inflation indicators: 3 of the biggest ones are:
- Consumer Price Index (CPI) – measures the change in price of things typically bought by consumers, such as food, fuel, insurance, and airfare, among other things.
- Producer Price Index (PPI) – measures the change in price of things typically sold by domestic producers, i.e factories. Think of these things as raw material, or things like steel, aluminum, lumber, glass, etc… things that consumers don't buy directly, but things that do go into the things consumers eventually buy.
- Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) – also measures the change in price of things typically bought by consumers. You can read more about it here.
Of the three, the two most commonly used are the first (CPI) and the third (PCE).
In order to compare the price of things over time, we need to adjust them for inflation. In other words, $265 today may not get you much, but back in 1924, that was the price of a brand new Ford Model T.
Recall above, we noted that the Dual Mandate of the Federal Reserve is to,
- Maximize Employment
- Stabilize Prices.
One thing that many of us don't realize is that wages, or the price employers pay for labor, is a component of inflation, and the price of things. In order for prices to be stable, wages must also be stable, because although most of us consider wages as something we earn, companies consider wages a price paid to do business.
The most important "price" of anything, is the price of labor.
The above chart is a very important chart, and we'll take some time now to understand it. The blue line is the price of labor, inflation adjusted using the Consumer Price Index.
The Consumer Price Index, or CPI, is a number that is either above or below 100. If we were to measure inflation starting in 1980 for example, we would set the CPI number to 100 in 1980. After 1980, when CPI is above 100, that means the US experienced inflation since 1980. When it is below 100, that means the US experienced deflation since 1980. When the CPI decreases from one measurement to another, that also means the US experienced deflation between the two measurements. For example, if CPI was 102 in 1990, and 101 in 1991, that means the US experienced deflation between 1990 and 1991.
In the above chart of CPI, we see the value of the index since 1982. In this chart, the value of CPI is "zeroed" at 100 in the period 1982-1984. That just means the average of all the values of the index between 1982 and 1984 is 100.
How do we read the index value? That can be illustrated with an example. In June 1990, the value of the CPI index was 129.9. This simply means that what would have on average cost $1 between 1982 and 1984, costs $1.299 in June 1990.
In order to adjust the price of labor (blue line, first chart) for inflation, we divide the price of labor by the CPI index, and multiply by the most recent value of CPI.
Don't worry if you don't understand this math. Basically, we are simply taking a ratio of the most recent CPI reading, to every historical CPI reading, and multiplying by the price of labor. This adjusts all the past readings of labor prices for consumer price inflation.
The following is very important. When we adjust Labor Prices, or Wages, for consumer price inflation, it means we are subtracting out consumer price inflation from wages, so that we can isolate labor prices. It allows us to see how much extra money laborers have, after the cost of basic products they buy is subtracted out. In a way, it tells us how much purchasing power laborers have, to buy stuff above and beyond the basics.
The red line on the above chart is the Federal Reserve's target interest rate. This is the rate the Federal Reserve has been raising recently, much to the chagrin of Donald Trump. I'd like to direct your attention to the correlation between the two lines; up until the mid 1990's, they look very, very similar.
Furthermore, the red line looks like it very well could equal the blue line, but shifted to the right a little. This means that the red line seems to be a response to the blue line, a delayed response.
In reality, that's exactly what it is.
When the Federal Reserve sees wages rising too high too fast, they raise interest rates, and sometimes, they raise them too much. They overdo it. You can see that they overdid it in the early 1980's, probably because they responded to what looked like wages going higher again in the late 1970's, after having come off slightly in the mid 1970's.
In recent time, we can see that the blue line has risen very high, almost as high as it was back in the 1970's. And yet, the red line is still near 0!
What this means is that wages, adjusted for consumer price inflation, have actually risen back to where they were in the 1970's, and yet interest rates are nowhere near where they were back then.
This chart may explain why the Federal Reserve and Jerome Powell are determined to stay the course and raise rates. Jerome Powell's Federal Reserve are very concerned about the gap between labor prices, adjusted for consumer price inflation (which is what the blue line represents), and interest rates (represented by the red line).
The reason why the gap is such a concern is because if history repeats itself, we should expect that Labor Prices will rise substantially, which will then require a substantial move higher in interest rates. If history repeats itself, labor prices are about to become very, very expensive.
This may sound good for labor, but since hourly workers do much of the production work in the US, labor prices will most likely trigger a gigantic increase in the CPI (price of things bought by consumers). That in itself, will hurt the economy.
To combat inflation, the Federal Reserve will have to dramatically raise interest rates. That will be a double whammy on the economy, as higher interest rates restrict the availability of money.
All told, it will most likely add up to a recession.
The reason why the Federal Reserve has allowed the gap between the Red and Blue Lines to get so large is because of the economic destruction that occurred during the 2008 Great Recession. Inflation was elusive for so long; it persisted below 2% for years after 2008.
With that said, the time for cautious policy is over. The gap between monetary policy and labor prices (minus consumer price inflation) is far too large. Despite Donald Trump's objections, the Fed must stay the course.


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Video transcript
Dita: How do people know what's part and parcel of sort of diagnosis and what they need to get help with?
Professor Rona Moss-Moris, Health Psychologist: I think you've got to be guided by yourself and how you manage it and I think having worked with people with MS for a long time, I'm always astounded at how well people manage with the challenges of the illness and I have a huge admiration for anybody with MS really in terms of what they deal with on a day-to-day basis. But I think be guided by yourself. If it just feels that things are being a bit too overwhelming, you know, we don't have to deal with things on their own and I think it's shifting that belief in yourself that I should be able to cope, I shouldn't have to ask for help and so forth, if the illness is feeling too distressing and you're really needing a bit more support, it's absolutely okay to say that.
I think there's increasing recognition that with long term conditions and conditions like MS, we actually need to be doing far more than we are in the Health Service. So there are national agendas around about providing more help for people. And at the moment we're not exactly where we'd like to be. I'd like to have it so that every single service round the country routinely offers professional support and help specifically to people with MS. Well, this doesn't happen yet, so we do have to sometimes delve and dig and find it, but it is there if people really, really need it. We need a lot more and I think this is a great start in terms of trying to make sure that we get much more support for people on the ground.
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Professor Rona Moss-Moris
Professor Rona Moss-Morris is Chair in Psychology as Applied to Medicine at King's College London. Her research has focussed on understanding adjustment to chronic illness from patient and family perspectives, and developing self management and CBT techniques for illnesses such as multiple sclerosis.
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This Is Probably The Best Looking Washing Machine
Washing machines have never been good looking contraptions. They're usually large boxes, come in different colours but all end up looking the same. They're usually something you don't show off to people and hide it away in some dark room in your house.
This washing machine is different, this washing machine looks so good that you'll want to show it off. Instead of the conventional square box, it's in the shape of a pod. Why washing machine have looked the same for decades is beyond me. With design becoming a huge part of products nowadays, hopefully we'll see better looking washing machines like this one.