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Francesco Maria Grimaldi
Grimaldi, Francesco Maria
Grimaldi, Francesco Maria
(b. Bologna, Italy, 2 April 1618; d. Bologna, 28 December 1663)
astronomy, optics.
His father, Paride Grimaldi, a silk merchant and member of a wealthy family of noble blood, settled in Bologna in 1589. Paride's first wife died childless, and, about 1614, he married Anna Cattani (or Cattanei). Of her six sons five survived; Francesco Maria was the fourth born, the third surviving. With his father deceased and his mother in possession of her grandfather's chemist's shop, Francesco Maria and his brother Vincenzo Maria, one year older, entered the Society of Jesus on 18 March 1632. Of Francesco's first three years in the notivitate, it is known that the third was spent at Novellara. Following this he went to Parma in 1635 to begin studying philosophy. Within a year that house was closed, and he was transferred to Bologna.
In 1636 he went to Ferrara for the second year of his three-year course in philosophy, while the third year, 1637-1638, was spent in Bologna again. From 1638 to 1642 Grimaldi taught rhetoric and humanities in the College of Santa Lucia at Bologna. From 1642 to 1645 he studied theology. Further study in philosophy brought him a doctorate in 1647, and he was then appointed to teach philosophy. Within a year, however, consumption undermined his health, making it necessary for him to transfer to a less timeconsuming task, the teaching of mathematics. According to Riccioli Grimaldi was well prepared to teach all branches of mathematics—geometry, optics, gnomonics, statics, geography, astronomy, and celestial mechanics. By 1651 he had determined to take the full vows for priesthood and did so on 1 May.
During the 1640's and especially in the 1650's Grimaldi was very active in astronomical and related studies. From 1655 to the end of his life his scientific efforts were devoted essentially to the preparation of De lumine. His death came shortly after finishing this work, at the end of an eight-day illness characterized by high fever and headaches.
The astronomical work of Grimaldi was closely tied to the career and interests of Giovanni Battista. Riccioli (1592–1671), a Jesuit since 1614, who taught theology for a long time before gaining permission to pursue his love of astronomy. Riccioli was perfect of studies at Bologna and had been dispensed from all teaching in order to prepare his Almagestum novum when Grimaldi came under his influence. In 1640 Grimaldi conducted experiments on free fall for Riccioli, dropping weights from the Asinelli tower and using a pendulum as timer. He found that the square of the time is proportional to the distance of free fall from rest. Riccioli credited him as being absolutely essential to the completion, in 1651, of Almagestum novum, build, nd operate new observational instruments. devise build, and operate new observational instruments. Grimaldi's contributions included such measurements as the heights of lunar mountains and the height of cloups. He is responsible for the practice of naming lunar regions after astronomers and physicists.
An especially noteworthy contribution was his selenograph of the moon, a composite from telescopic observations of many phases, accurate and correct enough so that he must have used crossed hairs and a micrometer with his eyepiece. The use of a micrometer eyepiece seems also to have been made in the triangulation and leveling proceducers carried out to establish the meridian line for Bologna. In this project, completed by 1655, Riccioli and Grimaldi collaborated with Montalbini and G. D. Cassini. The results were reported in Riccioli's Geographiae Hydrographiae Reformatae (1661). Grimaldi appears to have been responsible for much of the tabular material in the second volume of Riccioli's Astronomia Reformata (1665), especially on the fixed stars.
Grimaldi's primary contribution to positive science was the discovery of optical diffraction. A comprehensive treatise on light, the complete descriptive title is A physicomathematical thesis on light, colors, the rainbow and other related topics in two books, the first of which adduces new experiments and reasons deduced from them in favor of the substantiality of light. In the second, however, the arguments adduced in the first book are refuted and the Peripatetic teaching of the accidentality of light is upheld as probable. The title page also states that he deals with "the previously unknown diffusion of light; the manner and causes of reflection, refraction, and diffraction; vision and the intentional species of visibles and audibles; the substantial effluvium of the magnet, which pervades all bodies; and in a special argument the atomists are attacked." A final descriptive element appears on the subtitle page preceding book II, where he notes that, in any case, "permanent colors are nothing other than light." If we take Grimaldi at his word, he is presenting two possible basic theses about the nature of light. It may be substance, or it may be accident, i.e., a quality of some other substance. His personal choice appears in his preface to the work, where he says he would be delighted by a student who would be persuaded that the experiments supporting the substantiality of light have no force and who could confirm better than he "the doctrine which we personally embrace and finally sustain in the present opuscule." At various places in book I he prescinds from a substantial theory of light in arguing a proposition e.g., prop. 10, which deals with the nature of the propagation of light. His position in book I is thus not always in support of the substantial theory of light. As a philosopher he stands against the certainty of either hypothesis, each called an "opinion," on the nature of light. He says ultimately that the many experiments of book I, albeit persuasive, "do not in any way lead to the substantiality of light".(II, 2)
Grimaldi's position on the substance-accident question is better understood by a look at the whole book and what it deals with. Book I (sixty propositions, 472 pages) devotes the first twenty-seven propositions (229 pages) essentially to the four modes of light, the porous nature of bodies, and the propagation of light. Thereafter book I deals with colors and the rainbow (props. 28-60, 244 pages). The substance accident question is not much debated after prop. 27, nor is it made a necessary basis for the treatment of colors and the rainbow. While books I and II present opposing views on the substantial nature of light, they agree on other major points. In both books Grimaldi opposes any corpuscular theory of light. In both books he is concerned to show color to be nothing more than a modification of light. Color is not the addition of something else to light. Both books agree on the fluid nature of light phenomena. Light may be a fluid substance or the accidents of some other fluid substance(s). Grimaldi expressly chooses the latter version of fluid theory.
The discussion of diffraction (book I, prop. 1, pp. 1-11) is the basis for introducing a fluid, but not necessarily substantial, view of light. The experiments on diffraction are clear and well described by Grimaldi. He used bright sunlight introduced into a completely darkened room via a hole about 1/60 inch across. The cone of light thus produced was projected to a white screen at an angle so as to form an elliptical image of the sun on the screen. At a distance of ten to twenty feet from the slit he inserted a narrow opaque rod into the cone of light to cast a shadow on the screen. The border of this shadow, he noted, is not clear, and the size of the shadow is far beyond what rectilinear projection would predict. Having demonstrated this, he proceeded to his description of external diffraction bands. These bands are never more than three, and they increase in intensity and in width nearer to the shadow. The series of bands nearest the shadow has a wide central band of white with a narrow violet band nearer the shadow and a narrow red band away from the shadow. Grimaldi warned that there and violet bands must be observed closely to avoid mistaking the series for alternating bands of light and dark. After describing these parallel bands, he turned to examine the effect of varying the shape of the opaque object. In place of the rod he used a step-shaped object to cast a shadow with two rectangular corners. Still describing external bands, he carefully described the curvature of the bands around the outer corner and continuing to follow the shadow border. When the series approaches parallel to the other side of this corner. He noted that as they cross each other the colors "are either augmented intensively or are mixed." Nothing more about the appearance of these intersecting bands is found in the description.
In the diffraction experiments he now turned to a description of internal fringes. Here he omitted naming the colors or their order. His diagram shows two pairs of twin contiguous tracks following the border of an L-shaped shadow. These bands are said to appear only in pairs, while the number increases with the width of the obstacle and its distance from the screen. The bands bend around in a semicircle at the end of the L, remaining continuous. At the corner of the L he made a further observation. Here not only do the bands curve around to follow the shadow outline, but a shorter and brighter series of colors appears. He showed these as five feather-shaped fringes radiating from the inside corner of the L and perpendicularly crossing the previously described internal paired tracks of light. The nature of this phenomenon seems to have impressed him as being like the wash of a moving ship.
The final diffraction experiment allowed a cone of light to pass first through two parallel orifices, the first being 1/60 inch and the second being 1/10 inch in diameter. The distances between the holes and between the screen and second hole are equal, at least twelve feet each. The screen is parallel to the orifices. The screen holds a circle of direct illumination just over 1/5 inch across. The circle is significantly wider than rectilinear propagation allows and the border is colored red in part, blue in part. Neither the width nor order of these colors is given.
These diffraction experiments showed Grimaldi that a new mode of transmission of light had been discovered and that this mode contradicts the notion of an exclusively rectilinear passage of light. Diffraction thus gave prima facie evidence for a fluid nature of light. The name "diffraction" comes from the loss of uniformity observed in the flow of a stream of water as it "splits apart" around a slender obstacle placed in its path. He discussed other fluid phenomena analogously with light. To explain color and the varieties of color he decided that a "change in agitation" of the luminous flow is responsible. A light ray is conceived like a column of fluid in vibration, but not regular vibration. Lighter colors are said to result from a greater density of rays and darker colors from a lower density.
In performing his diffraction experiments, Grimaldi gives measurements only where they will show the nonrectilinear propagation of light. No quantities are given for the sizes or distances of the colored fringes in any of his experiments. No notion of periodicity occurred to him.
Knowledge of his work appears in the work of both Hooke and Newton. Hooke performed his first series of diffraction experiments later in 1672, after the notice of Grimaldi's book in the Philosophical Transactions. Hooke referred to it, however, as inflexion and may have encountered diffraction phenomena independently. Newton was aware of Grimaldi's work, but only at secondhand, crediting Honoré Fabri as the source of his knowledge on diffraction. At first (1675) Newton described and attempted to account for only the internal fringes. His description shows that he could not have performed the experiment. By 1686 he came to deny the existence of internal fringes on the basis of experiments. In the Opticks he described and tried to explain only the external fringes, which he never ceased to regard as a sort of refraction. The essence of Newton's contribution to the knowledge of diffraction is his set of careful measurements, which made clear the periodic nature of the phenomenon.
I. Original Works. The sole work published under Grimaldi's name or written by him is the posthumous Physico-mathesis de lumine, coloribus, et iride, aliisque adnexis libri duo, in quorum primo asseruntur nova experimenta, & rationes ab iis deductae pro substantialitate luminis. In secundo autem dissolvuntur argumenta in primo adducta, et probabiliter sustineri posse docetur sentential peripatetica de accidentalitate luminis. Qua occasione de hactenus incognita luminis diffusione, de reflexionis, refractionis, ac diffractionis modo et causis, de visione, deque speciebus intentionalibus visibilium et audibilium, ac de substantiali magnetis efluvio omnia corpora pervadente, non pauca scitu digna proferuntur, et speciale etiam argumento impugnantur atomistae (Bologna, 1665).
II. Secondry Literature. The sources for Grimaldi's life and personality are minimal. A brief elogium by Giovanni Battist Riccioli is appended to the printed text of Grimaldi's book. Riccioli is also responsible for detailed information on Grimaldi's family in an "Epitome genealogiae Grimaldae gentis," in Almagestum novum, astronomiani veterum novumque, I , pt. 2 (Bologna, 1651). A useful biography appears in Angelo Fabrioni, Vitae Italorum, III (Pisa, 1779), 373–381.
Other sources with significant amounts of information are the brief (none as long as thirty pages) publications of Roberto Savelli, Grimaldi e la rifrazione (Bologna, 1951) and Nel terzo centenario del "De lumine" di F. M. Grimaldi (Ferrara, 1966); and esp. of Giorgio Tabarroni, P. F. M. Grimaldi Bolognese iniziatore della ottica-fisica (Bologna, 1964) and Nel terzo contenario della morte de F. M. Grimaldi (Bologna, 1964).
The best account of his astronomical work is the Almagestum novum, which indicates some forty items of which Grimaldi was the source. Jiri Marek, "Les notions de la théorie ondulatoire de la lumière chez Grimaldi et Huyghens," in Acta historiae rerum naturalium necnon technicarum, I (1965), 131–147, is too eager to attribute ideas to Grimalid that are not his. The review of De lumine cited in the text is Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 6 , no. 79 (22 Jan. 1672), 3068–3070.
By far the most useful discussion to date of Grimaldi and his work is Francis A. McGrath, "Grimaldi's Fluid Theory of Light," M.Sc. diss.(University College, London, 1969).
For the importance of Grimaldi's work to Newton, see Roger H. Stuewer, "A Critical Analysis of Newton's Work on Diffraction," in Isis, 61 (1970), 188–205.
Bruce S. Eastwood


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PATIALA: Punjab's Power and Irrigation Minister, Rana Gurjit Singh on Tuesday said that as Farming becomes a lesser income field so the Farming Fraternity senescing the reality must come forward and adopt other subsidiaries works to earn more. The Minister, who was here to preside over the concluding function of five days Tenth National Livestock Championship cum Expo 2017 at the Village Jahlan on Patiala-Sangrur road, made these remarks when addressing the large gathering at the expo and further without naming the previous state government, he added that the state government under its plan has decided to fix its main focus on the discarded livestock sector so that the farmers will earn additionally to meet out their requirements as the changing conditions. Rana Gurjit Singh said that the previous government gave a flip to the Gujarat based Amul Company but the state government has now decided to promote its own two companies namely Milkfed and Marked so that they will touch heights in the future. The state government is equally concerned about the farmers and so it's trying to make all the efforts for the welfare. He said that even the dead livestock is equally beneficial for the farmers as they are used to manufacture leather and they will get paid from the leather industry as well. He announced that soon the state government is going to release a toll-free number and the farmers will use it to register complaints about their dead livestock and the companies will list them up from their houses. In the end, the minister also distributed cash prizes worth Rs 1.25 crores among the winners of different categories among the farmers belonged to different states. In the category of Sahiwal Cow's competition, Haryana's Gangana's Virendra Singh's cow bagged first prize and got Rs 1.50 Lakh of a cash prize at the same time Jai Singh's Bull, a resident of Badhani kalan won a cash Prize of Rs 1 Lakh.
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Listen to us online or download our app for your chance to win a pair of tickets to see Spyro Gyra at Dimitriou's Jazz Alley on Thursday, May 31st, 2018!
The Pacific Jazz Institute at Dimitriou's Jazz Alley welcomes 12x Grammy-nominated jazz band Spryo Gyra. Band members are Jay Beckenstein (sax), Scott Ambush (bass), Tom Schuman (keys), Julio Fernandez (guitar) and Lee Pearson (drums).
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Retro Reads: Zelda: Hyrule Historia
The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia is a hardcover art book/history guide for the Legend of Zelda games. The book was released by Dark Horse in January and is 279 pages. It retails for less than $40 in stores, and around $25 online.
There is a Limited Collector's Edition version of the book as well that's fairly hard to come by. It has a nicer, brown cover and retails for over $100. Likely more now that it's hard to find. The Limited Edition is really just for bragging rights, the regular edition is so nicely done in terms of it's print that it's a fine enough version for even hardcore collectors.
These are the kinds of gaming books I love the most. They aren't just art books, though they contain a ton of concept art and insight into the designs, they're also filled with tons of information about the series. Each game is covered and contains detailed information on the plot as well as interesting connections between the titles.
For any series to get an overview book like this is a pretty big deal, there are many out there that have gotten this official treatment and Zelda is definitely one of the most deserving.
The book is broken up into 3 main sections with a couple of extras.
The introduction is 2 pages by Shigeru Miyamoto about how he has approached the series over the years.
Section 1: The Legend Begins (60 pages)
The first section focuses completely on The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword. Being the most recent Zelda game produced and also being considered the first game in the series timeline, it makes sense that they would dedicate so much of the book to this game.
The section contains art and design comments on characters and places in the world. There's a lot of interesting information here about why certain design choices were made and how the design of the game developed during production.
Section 2: History of Hyrule (68 pages)
For years fans speculated on which order the games fit into the series chronology. Some games were very obvious sequels to past titles with the same characters present and a similar world presented, but because the games take place generations apart it was difficult to place the order of many. Section 2 is dedicated to answering these questions once and for all.
The section begins with a timeline showing all the ways the story splits based on different endings to certain games.
The following pages are broken up into 5 subsections which expand on each segment of the timeline.
Section 3: Creative Footprints (100 pages)
The third section is the pure artbook portion of the book. It's broken up into multiple subsections. The subsections cover 13 games in the series with concept art. This is followed by character designs showing how Link, Zelda, and Ganon have evolved over the years and a list of all the games in the series with information and box art for each one.
The outro is a 2 page wrap-up by current series producer Eiji Aonuma.
A page showing the commemorative merchandise released for the 25th Anniversary of The Legend of Zelda.
A new exclusive 32 page comic by Akira Himekawa who has done all of the Legend of Zelda manga. The first couple pages are in color, then the comic switches to traditional manga black and white. The story is a prequel to Skyward Sword making it the earliest material in the Zelda universe. It tells the story of Link who is approached by a goddess of Hyrule in order to move everyone up to the clouds and escape the demon king.
This book is must buy for fans of the series. The book is considered by some to be the Zelda bible and contains much material not covered in the games. It's one of the few cases where, outside of the games, fans of the series should own it.


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13 / 204 Adverts
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Casa La TorreAdvert 25334Álora - Province of Málaga - Spain
Advert details 25334
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BUTLER TWP. – Sharp differences of opinion emerged among the three candidates for Butler Township Trustee during a candidate forum Thursday night.
The forum, sponsored by the Vandalia-Butler Chamber of Commerce and the Vandalia Drummer News, was held at Christian Life Center.
Doug Orange, the incumbent, is being challenged by Joe Flanagan and Tom Zeigler.
The candidates discussed a wide range of issues including the Township's budget, annexation and the City of Union, truck traffic, and Limited Home Rule.
When asked why they are the best candidate for the position, both Orange and Flanagan touted their experience.
"I have the experience, education, and 25 plus years of working at the Township level, all spent aggressively moving up the ladder," said Flanagan.
Orange countered with experience of his own.
"I was a member of the zoning commission before I was elected to the Board of Trustees in 1995," he said. "The Township has come an incredible way in the last 20 years, and I have been the one constant in that. Having lived here my entire life, I believe I have the pulse of the community."
Zeigler said he was trying to be an advocate for the residents.
"I've been very active the last two years with citizen groups, county leaders, the TID (Transportation Improvement District)," said Zeigler. "We all moved to the township for local government, not to be sucked up into another city."
While all agreed that the Township's revenue sources and budget are a source of concern, they differed on how much of a problem it is and how to address it.
"Our top issue is funding," said Orange. "We have suffered significant revenue loss over the last five years and trying to offer the same high-quality services to residents is a challenge."
Zeigler said that the biggest issue facing the Township is loss of land due to annexation, but said the Township should be more aggressive in economic development.
"We need to be going after more manufacturing jobs which are better than the service jobs on Miller Lane," he said.
Flanagan blamed the state legislature, but also blamed the current trustees for their inaction.
"The state is balancing the state budget on the backs of local townships, cities, and school districts," Flanagan charged. "The budget of Butler Township is at a critical juncture."
He said that the Township's carry over funds will be zero in 2018 or 2019 based on current budget projections.
"This will cause a reduction in the police force, and nothing is being done to address the budget issues," he said. "Spending has gone up without any economic development to offset more spending. They (Trustees and staff) are more worried about branding the Township versus building infrastructure to encourage economic development."
Orange said that Flanagan's charges were untrue.
"The Township has made several budget cuts over the past few years, and the carry over balance in 2015 is higher than it was in 2009," said Orange. "We have invested $1.3 million in the Miller Lane district. While we are concerned about the budget, the picture Mr. Flanagan paints is worse than it really is."
Flanagan called for the Township to go to zero-based budgeting – starting each line item at zero each year.
"To continue to do things as they have in the past won't work," he said.
Flanagan said that Trustees have erred in not reviewing levies and increasing them as needed and in not making the Joint Economic Development Zone on Miller Lane a two percent tax instead of the current one percent.
"They should have also taken it up to the interstate (I-70)," he said. "I'm not sure why they did that."
Orange countered by saying taxes on Township residents have not been raised in nine years.
"Not many townships in Ohio can say that, especially while they maintained a high level of services."
On the subject of increased truck traffic in the Township, Zeigler and Flanagan said the best option was to discuss the issue with neighboring Union.
"I would love to get together with John Applegate (Union City Manager) and see if we can work together for the whole area," said Flanagan.
Zeigler agreed.
"We can't stop some of the things that have already happened, but I think working with the TID and county agencies more than we are now will help in the future," he said.
Orange said that the Township's Limited Home Rule proposal, which is also on the November ballot, would not solve the issue but would give the Township more tools.
"Limited home rule is not going to fix the problems, but it can help," said Orange.
Each candidate proposed getting tough with the City of Union in an effort to prevent annexation and what many fear as the drive to turn rural property into commercial development.
"When the City of Union and the TID uses the term collateral damage in referring to Township residents that gives you an idea of the kind of people we are dealing with up there," said Orange. "As long as the county commission is behind them, Union will keep doing what they are doing."
Flanagan said that residents should band together to raise funds to create legal challenges to any new development.
"I would suggest we consider telling John Applegate that the next time he moves dirt he is going to get sued," said Flanagan. "The Township may lose that case, but word will get out that every time they try they are going to get sued and they will quit coming to the area."
Reach Darrell Wacker at 684-8983 or on Twitter @VandaliaDrummer.


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Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Glutamatergic signaling between neurons is critically regulated by neighboring astrocytes, which surround most synaptic junctions and express specific glutamate transporters that control glutamate concentrations by removing glutamate from the synaptic cleft. Astrocytes also express glutamate receptors, specifically the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes mGluR3 and mGluR5, which are activated by glutamate and known to regulate glutamate transporter activity. Whereas much is known about the regulation and sorting of glutamate receptors in neurons, very little is known about the potential for specialized regulation of glutamate receptors and transporters in astrocytes. The mGluR subtypes 3 and 5, as well as the astrocytic glutamate transporter EAAT1, all possess large intracellular carboxyl-termini (CT) that play key roles in the control of their activity. Since these CTs terminate in consensus motifs for potential association with a class of conserved protein-protein interaction domains known as PDZ domains, we screened a custom-made PDZ domain proteomic array and found that the CTs of mGluR3, mGluR5 and EAAT1 all exhibit robust and specific interactions with the PDZ domains of the multifunctional scaffold protein NHERF-2. These interactions were confirmed in a cellular context, and immunohistochemical studies revealed that NHERF-2 is abundantly expressed in astrocytes in the brain. We hypothesize that NHERF-2 is a central regulator of the activity and localization of mGluRs and EAAT1 in astrocytes, and may facilitate mutual regulation between mGluRs and glutamate transporters. We will test this idea by examining NHERF-2 regulation of mGluR3, mGluR5 and EAAT1 functional activity and cross-talk, as well as by exploring the possibility that NHERF-2 may control mGluR and EAAT1 localization in vivo by performing immunohistochemical analyses on brain tissue from wild-type versus NHERF-2 knockout mice. These studies are of significant clinical importance because metabotropic glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters are considered to be excellent potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, and other brain disorders.
Astrocytes and neurons are intermingled throughout the brain, and astrocytes possess receptors that can sense neuronal activity as well as transporters that can regulate the levels of synaptic neurotransmitters. Astrocytic receptors and transporters are often clustered near synapses and known to be highly regulated, but the mechanisms underlying this targeting and regulation are largely unknown. The work described in this application will explore the mechanisms by which astrocytic receptors and transporters, specifically those that respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate, are targeted and regulated. These studies are of significant clinical importance because astrocytic glutamate receptors and transporters are considered to be excellent potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, and other brain disorders.
|Ritter-Makinson, Stefanie L; Paquet, Maryse; Bogenpohl, James W et al. (2017) Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor interactions with NHERF scaffold proteins: Implications for receptor localization in brain. Neuroscience 353:58-75
|Jiang, Jason Y; Nagaraju, Mulpuri; Meyer, Rebecca C et al. (2014) Extracellular calcium modulates actions of orthosteric and allosteric ligands on metabotropic glutamate receptor 1?. J Biol Chem 289:1649-61
|Bogenpohl, James W; Ritter, Stefanie L; Hall, Randy A et al. (2012) Adenosine A2A receptor in the monkey basal ganglia: ultrastructural localization and colocalization with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the striatum. J Comp Neurol 520:570-89
|Ritter, Stefanie L; Hall, Randy A (2011) Detection and characterization of receptor interactions with PDZ domains. Methods Mol Biol 756:345-56
|Ritter, Stefanie L; Asay, Matthew J; Paquet, Maryse et al. (2011) GLAST stability and activity are enhanced by interaction with the PDZ scaffold NHERF-2. Neurosci Lett 487:3-7
|Lee, Sei-Jung; Ritter, Stefanie L; Zhang, Huanchun et al. (2011) MAGI-3 competes with NHERF-2 to negatively regulate LPA2 receptor signaling in colon cancer cells. Gastroenterology 140:924-34
|Jiang, Yusheng; Huang, Yun; Wong, Hing-Cheung et al. (2010) Elucidation of a novel extracellular calcium-binding site on metabotropic glutamate receptor 1{alpha} (mGluR1{alpha}) that controls receptor activation. J Biol Chem 285:33463-74
|Wang, Bin; Ardura, Juan A; Romero, Guillermo et al. (2010) Na/H exchanger regulatory factors control parathyroid hormone receptor signaling by facilitating differential activation of G(alpha) protein subunits. J Biol Chem 285:26976-86
|Dunham, Jill H; Hall, Randy A (2009) Enhancement of the surface expression of G protein-coupled receptors. Trends Biotechnol 27:541-5
|Dunham, Jill H; Meyer, Rebecca C; Garcia, Erin L et al. (2009) GPR37 surface expression enhancement via N-terminal truncation or protein-protein interactions. Biochemistry 48:10286-97
Showing the most recent 10 out of 12 publications


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Ok, Ok – it's not Civil 3D, but if you haven't checked out the newest version of Autodesk Homestyler, you have to take some time and do so. There are great new features, including the ability to create high-res Snapshots to get a realistic view of your new home design.
We used this right before we moved, and it made buying and organizing furniture so much easier!
Give it a try: http://autode.sk/eRl6bz


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Director: Rob Reiner
Genre: Thriller, Drama, Criminal, Detective
Country: United States
Runtime: 138 min.
Year: 1992
Actors: Tom Cruise, Demi Moore, Jack Nicholson, Kevin Pollak, Kevin Bacon, Kiefer Sutherland, James Marshall
It always ends justify the means to achieve it? Is there a point of no return at the cruelty in the name of a noble cause? These and other issues faced by the protagonists of the film - an officer, Colonel Jessup, military lawyers Daniel Kaffee and Galloway Joanne investigating malfeasance committed by two Marines at the military base of Guantanamo in Cuba, led to the death of their colleague William Santiago. Young successful lawyer Daniel Caffi after dialogue with the military leadership came to the conclusion that this case is obvious and easy. Moreover, the defendants confessed to their crimes. But the more the lawyer delves into it, the more he sees dark spots in it. In order to protect the boys, he must get to the truth. During the investigation he learns about the red code - the unwritten code, which governs everything in the database. Having learned that William Santiago in exchange for the transfer to the base wants to tell some secret information to a colleague to the military prosecutor, Colonel Jessup - disinterested and fan of his case, ordered subordinates to subject Santiago red code, after which he dies in hospital a few hours later. Jessup faithfully believes in his innocence. According to him, if you come to the army, then you have no right to leave, and that is what the victim wanted to do - the weak, not prepared for military service of young people. But his commander considered it a betrayal and disrespect to the army. Therefore, given such a cruel order. But can you blame him for that? And can you blame the victim that he wanted to change his life? With SarMovie.com you can download A Few Good Men full movie in HD quality.


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I got kelp granules/powder from the store the other day and have been using it as a seasoning for eggs, stir-fries etc. The shaker says a 1/4 tsp of kelp powder has about 2000% RDA of iodine. How do I know what is the right amount for me and what are the symptoms of excess iodine?
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I got kelp granules/powder from the store the other day and have been using it as a seasoning for eggs, stir-fries etc. The shaker says a 1/4 tsp of kelp powder has about 2000% RDA of iodine. How do I know what is the right amount for me and what are the symptoms of excess iodine?
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Excess iodine will throw you into hypothyroid symptoms... weird I know. I think adults need about 150ug a day, sooo maybe drop off the kelp usage for a while. I use furikake (nori flakes), because I like the flavor and it has much less iodine in it than kelp so I wont OD!
Life on Earth may be punishing, but it includes an annual free trip around the sun!
I take a tab of Iodoral (5mg elemental I2 and 7.5mg I- in KI for 12.5mg total) every day, which is a solidified version of one drop of Lugol's solution, which was used from 1830 until around WWII to treat both hypothyroidism and to blunt the effects of hyperthyroidism to allow patients to survive thyroidectomies. Around WWII, we started trying to use radiation for everything it could possibly be used for, and some drug companies came up with organic-iodine (elemental or ionic are the only types you want to ingest) thyroid-killing drugs, so iodine supplementation was smeared in a manner reminiscent of Ancel Keys's escapades, because drug companies have to make their money. The Wolff-Chaikoff effect is characterized by a temporary depression of thyroid function due to an acute dose of iodine (which is what allowed hyperthyroid patients to get their heart rate down enough to survive thyroidectomy), but the thyroid adjusts and returns to normal after a few days -- the effect was not even shown in the original research, and it's largely the basis for the current RDA, as the researchers believed anything over 200mcg would be disastrous (although everyone in the US gets that or more). The drugs ended up being so toxic they were pulled off the market, so nowadays the standard method is a toxic dose of radioactive iodine when someone has hyperthyroid, and we give people inadequate T4-only replacement and don't even try iodine when they're hypothyroid.
The symptoms of iodism (iodine overdose) are pretty stark:
an acute or chronic intoxication caused by the ingestion or absorption of iodides. Manifestations of acute poisoning include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, hypersalivation, conjunctivitis, and collapse. Chronic manifestations include hypersalivation, fever, acute rhinitis, swelling and tenderness of the salivary glands, and dermatitis and stomatitis in hypersensitive individuals. Iodism is a toxic condition that sometimes follows the use of preparations containing iodine.</blockquote>
The RDA is 150mcg and the tolerable upper limit is 1mg in the United States (most people get around 230mcg). This is just enough to prevent huge goiters and cretinism, but not necessarily optimal. I've consumed up to 62.5mg for a few weeks with no issues, and the standard dose for preventing radiation poisoning is 140mg (this was given to millions of people in Europe following Chernobyl with no ill effects), which saturates the thyroid with iodine so it will not uptake the radioactive iodine (which will quickly cause thyroid cancer).
Japanese people consume, on average 13.8mg/day because of the amount of sea vegetables they eat. Measurements of their thyroids have shown no change in thyroid volume as a result. So in other words, they show no ill effects from consuming 100x the US RDA of iodine. The higher doses are also significantly protective against breast cancer and other female reproductive cancers.
In other words, I take my 12.5mg/day and sleep well at night doing it. If you want to know a whole lot more, check out Dr. Guy Abraham's site:
Nick, I read that The Japanese have one of the highest rates of Iodine-induced hypothyroidism on the planet.
I have been very interested on the topic b/c a lot of people I know have hypothyroidism (general or hashimotos) so Im trying to keep my little thyroid healthy! I also take an adrenal supplement because frankly, most people suffer adrenal fatigue that can lead to thyroid problems.
Im trying to get enough, but not too much. It seems to me that too much is just as bad as not enough.
Life on Earth may be punishing, but it includes an annual free trip around the sun!
My recollection is that the findings of iodine induced hypothyroidism in the Japanese are all based on a small study of one population in Hokkaido, which has some unique genetic or dietary factors. I'll see if I can find a paper about it.
Nick- Sweet, thanks! Maybe I wont have to worry about my nori and wakame consumption after all. I am ADDICTED to it!
Life on Earth may be punishing, but it includes an annual free trip around the sun!
Alright, so, the children in Hokkaido, when studied in 1962-1965 by Suzuki, had what they called "endemic coastal goiter". The children were consuming 10-25mg of seaweed a day (more than Japanese adults), resulting in 3-9% of the children having a visible goiter. They were treatable with thyroid hormone or iodine restriction, but that treatment was for reducing the goiter. There was no observed hypo or hyperthyroidism accompanying the goiter in Hokkaido. ( http://books.google.com/books?id=XLS...goiter&f=false )
Further, Konno reported in 1994 that the goiter had disappeared, presumably without a much reduction in iodine intake. He still reported that excess iodine intake increased hypothyroidism, but all in reference to urinary iodide, not intake, with his proposed normal level set to 75mmol/L.
There's also this paper: http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/105072503322238827
I don't know; it seems like a balancing act. There may be other complicating factors in the folks who had hypothyroidism (certainly some people think Hashimoto's is caused by gluten, and the iodine may be synergistic), and I haven't been able to find out what kind of prevalence hypothyroidism has in Japan (i.e. even if the hypothyroid patients in Japan are cured by less iodine, it doesn't necessarily mean your chances of becoming hypothyroid go up with a large iodine consumption). Then there's this paper:
Even a very slight supplementation of the water supply with iodine in Denmark, in line with our RDA, led to a 27% increase in hypothyroidism.
So given that not having iodine will severely screw you up, it may be an acceptable tradeoff, since even tiny levels increase your risk. And of course I also found this to further muddy the issue: http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/articl...99A0183589.php


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Adding massage therapy to your regular fitness or health regimen is a great way to make sure that you're taking care of your body and mind by easing muscle tightness, reducing stress, and rebalancing your internal system. Regardless of age or fitness level, therapeutic massage can provide healthy help in an array of ways, depending on your own personal goals, and determining how often you should schedule massages is never a one-size-fits-all scenario either. There are a few different things to consider when determining how to get the most out of your therapy schedule: time, goals, and cost.
The first thing to consider is how much time you have for therapeutic massage. Everyone would love to get on the table once a week, but often our busy schedules prevent this from being a reality. Studies show that massages as often as once a month provides the frequency and regularity needed in order to see the benefits of massage therapy. The next things to consider are what you want to achieve with your massage therapy. If you're trying to manage chronic pain, research shows that once-a-week session for the first month and then reducing to once a month is the most effective schedule. However, if you're trying to manage every day stress or wear-and-tear, then once a month is once again enough for you to feel relaxed and refreshed. Talk to your therapist about your goals and what kind of frequency would best serve meeting them! If cost is a factor, you must consider your budget in order to determine not just how your schedule and goals affect your massage frequency, but what can you afford. At Elements Massage in Peoria, we provide massages at reduced costs to our Wellness Program members to make this incredibly beneficial treatment more accessible to more people.
Regularly scheduled massage therapy is an excellent way to keep your body and mind happy and healthy. Carefully consider the best way to balance the three factors - time, goals, and cost - in order to receive the most benefit from your massage treatments. At Elements Massage Peoria we want each session to be the right massage for each individual client, and your regular schedule is no different. Call to find out what frequency will work the best for you! 623.399.4400.


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Aida has had 24 years of pediatric nursing experience in hospitals and schools. She worked in Pediatric Intensive Care for seven years before becoming a School Nurse. She has been working in the Specialty of School Nursing for 17 years, Pre-K through 5th grade Elementary Schools. She is active in civic and professional organizations to include past president of the regional chapter of the Texas School Nurses Organization and is presently serving as Vice President. She is currently employed in the Canutillo Independent School District as the School Nurse for Jose Damian Elementary School.
Honored at 2015 TSNO Conference in Dallas
November 14, 2015
TSNO School Nurse of the Year 2015 from Region 19
Aida Salazar, BSN, RN
Family and TSNO-19 members there for support


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10/22/16 - First Snow on Hurricane HillHurricane Hill was windy and cold, and the first snow has fallen. Obstruction Point Road is already closed, and it looks like we are having an early winter. The Hurricane Hill Trail started below the snow line, but we could see a lot more snow on the Olympic Mountains and snow on Mount Angeles early on. As we neared the summit, we saw the first snow by the trail. There wasn't all that much snow, but this part of the mountain faces south. We could see a lot more snow on the north face, and the little seasonal lake has reformed after having dried out this summer.
The wintry air and clouds played tricks with the light. There were bands of crepuscular light as the sun shone through gaps in the clouds. There was even a bit of a light column glowing brightly with the sunlight reflected and concentrated by ice crystals. There wasn't much of a view as we made our ascent, but at the summit the clouds blew past, so we had great views on our walk down. We often tell people to take the trail even when visibility is limited as things are likely to change. We were well rewarded for taking our own advice, but by the time we returned to our car, the clouds had started to close in again.
Keywords: hurricane hill, obstruction point, winter


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European Mobility Award Report | Student members of Future Makers Collective (FMC)
Recipients of a European Mobility Award, student members of Future Makers Collective (FMC) travelled to the Tate Exchange at Tate Modern London to present, research, collaborate and make new work with the Digital Maker Collective – a group of students from University of the Arts London - and interact with over 4,000 visiting members of the public at a major UAL/Tate Modern event Arts Work of the Future..
The students had been exploring information systems and digital practice, working with Andrei Molodkin at Rua Red Gallery to research hidden documents, producing digital work around themes such as data mining and pseudo-voluntary metadata collection, church/state entanglement and women's health issues. The work they undertook in Tate Modern was an expansion of this to an international collaboration and audience.
Student work produced there included many collaborations with UAL students and visiting groups. For instance, Tomas Ferris-Meldon worked with a Russian tech/art collective to integrate his work on twitter-bots and loneliness with their AI construct:
"I was approached by a Russian group who were attempting to digitise human beings by making our human forms into holograms and turning our mind into A.I. Their A.I. learned based on libraries of text that could be imported as YML files. We had the idea to give the A.I. a large text file that contained all our lonely tweets to see if the bot would essentially get depressed. This fit nicely with their goal for the day of feeding the bot Wittgenstein to see if it would start professing about the limits of language. I thought this was a great idea and I laughed out loud at the thought of making a sadbot, powered by the stray thoughts of thousands of lonely people on twitter." – Tomas Ferris-Meldon
Students also worked with Tomas's twitter-bot text library and UAL students to create a loneliness-themed VR room in Unity – a virtual reality design engine. Similarly, FMC members Emma Kane and Megan Kelly were introduced to concepts in augmented reality by working with UAL MFA students showcasing work in Microsoft Hololens examining the refugee crisis. This was a medium they had never experienced before, and opened up new possibilities of modes of practice:
"I had the opportunity to experience using a mixed reality headset which I had never done before and I was able to use the software to scan Tom's head and shoulders and create a 3D obj. file of him. When I was speaking to the man who owned this mixed reality headset he spoke of using it as an artist to create virtual sculptures which he placed in a gallery setting alongside a physical piece of work. I discussed with him the possibilities of 3D printing sculptural pieces rather than physically sculpting with clay and how this can help an artist who might have ideas and concepts involving sculpture but without the necessary skills to create a piece by hand. For instance, there was something in my personal projects that I wanted to do involving making body casts, being able to 3D print a body, this could then be used to create a positive mould. And while this can be done by hand with plaster and so on there is perhaps more room for error and requires some skill and space to complete, that I may not have. Talking about using mixed or virtual reality to create a gallery environment also made me think about how it can be used to combat issues surrounding physical space. These were all things I had never thought about before, so I enjoyed the process of being opened-up to new ways of thinking." – Emma Kane
FMC members also engaged with other new technologies such as conductive paint and single board computers, and their possible roles in future creative practice:
"The UAL event offered some exciting ideas that could be introduced to our work such as conductive paint that allowed for interaction with objects. One group was using apples to play audio and in discussion with them we discovered that this is possible by conductive paint, which we ourselves hope to implement into our piece allowing for the strings to tell a story or become interactive adding another layer to our piece. We were also discussing about audio in our piece and I found a group who were visualising the audio plastic made when the microphone was pressed against it, but we could use a similar technique to them and visualise the audio of such a journey allowing for a further representation and spanning that of both senses in our piece; sight and sound. It was a great experience to have been given the opportunity to take part in allowing for further development of our work and inspiring us in other ways and mediums to work in that we can now implement into our pieces." – Marc Carr
As well as collaborating with UAL students and tech/art collectives from around Europe, FMC members worked on several projects of their own, including a receipt-printer sculpture that printed live tweets on women's rights all through International Women's Day, data visualisations in Processing using flock movements of migrating birds, and a sound art piece based on the geolocation of major churches in every county in Ireland. All 6 FMC members collaborated on a preliminary iteration of a site specific piece entitled Journeys of the 8th, which eventually led to pieces in their exhibition Data is the New Oil at Rua Red Gallery, and final major pieces for degree show. Arts Work of the Future coincided with International Women's Day and the announcement of a referendum in Ireland on repeal of the 8th amendment of the Irish constitution, something FMC members had been actively canvassing for at home:
"As I had been supporting the repeal the 8th movement in Ireland and as a means to raise awareness for the movement I began collaborating with my fellow students on Journeys of the 8th which illustrates the journeys Irish women are forced to take to England as a means to access abortion services that remain illegal in Ireland. As the UAL event lasted a week we decided to break down our statistics of over 4,000 women a year who travel to that of the 87 a week who do, and had pins to correlate this information on a board. This topic was even more topical as the dates of our visit matched the same time the government announced the dates for the referendum which eventually caused a repeal of the 8th amendment, which was announced on international women's day March 8th. In our work we aimed to bring forward the work of Friedrich and "psychic numbing", which is where people find it difficult to empathise with large numbers of people. So with our work we aimed to humanise the data by interspersing statistics with personal stories taken from the In Her Shoes, Women of the Eighth Facebook page, which shares stories and experiences of women around the topic of abortion. Back home in Dublin we built a loom to represent the full number of people who made this journey over the course of our residency in the gallery in Rua Red" – Marc Carr
The students had an exceptional experience on the trip, gaining skills and contacts that would not have been possible in Dublin. This in turn fed and continues to feed their practice at home in Ireland. Future Makers Collective made strong ties with all at UAL and Tate Modern, and we are currently planning a return to London in 2019 to continue the collaboration.
"To summarise, most of what I did while I was there was engage in discussions with other makers. Not necessarily about our work. But for me, it allowed for a space for intellectual conversation with people from different disciplines surrounding the role of technology. I think these conversations are important as it gives purpose to the technology as opposed to being tech for the sake of tech. I like to understand why we might use something, and this helped. These are conversations which I don't often get the chance to have at home or even in college, because we are not around the same types of technology in our course so these types of conversation or debate don't generally happen, or we only discuss what we know which might be limited to photography or video and so on. These discussions are what allows me to open myself up to new or alternative ways of thinking and appreciate the role of technology in creativity. Being in an environment completely different to our college and seeing technology which we don't have or use on our course was inspiring. Even with those who I didn't interact with, you're constantly generating ideas or becoming more aware of the possibilities of using new technology in our work to enhance it. Not as a way to replace the physical, tangible thing but as a way to add to it. For example, had we not gone there, we would not have discussed the possibilities of making our physical loom/sculptural piece interactive in some way. I think we came with ideas and concepts (as is what our course is about) and some other groups came with technology (that we don't learn on our course) and this is what was exciting - finding a way to influence each other and marry the two" – Emma Kane
- Country
- Ireland, United Kingdom


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If you have been diagnosed with a varicocele, you have more treatment options than you may have been told about. A revolutionary newer procedure called varicocele embolization is a non-surgical alternative to painful varicocele surgery.
Varicocele embolization has been successful at eliminating varicoceles for thousands of men, and can have you back to your active lifestyle in only a few days. Many men choose this non-surgical alternative because it does not involve general anesthesia, incisions in the scrotum, or sutures.
What Is a Varicocele?
Varicoceles are a relatively common condition (affecting approximately 10 percent of men) that tends to occur in young men, usually during the second or third decade of life. Sometimes, these varicoceles cause no symptoms and are harmless. But sometimes a varicocele causes pain or atrophy (shrinkage), or fertility problems.
Normally, blood flows to the testicles through an artery, and flows out via a network of tiny veins that drain into a long vein that goes up through the abdomen. The direction of blood flow in this vein should always be up, toward the heart. A series of one-way valves in the vein prevent the reverse flow of blood back to the testicles.
What Causes Varicoceles?
These one-way valves sometimes fail. The reverse flow of blood stretches and enlarges the tiny veins around the testicle to cause a varicocele, a tangled network of blood vessels, or varicose veins (see Figure).
Varicocele Symptoms
Typical varicocele symptoms are mild and many do not require treatment. Treatment may be necessary if the varicocele is causing discomfort or any of the other problems listed below.
One of the signs of varicoceles is an aching pain when the individual has been standing or sitting for an extended time and pressure builds up in the affected veins. Heavy lifting may make varicocele symptoms worse and, in some cases, can even cause varicoceles to form. Usually (but not always) painful varicoceles are prominent in size.
Fertility Problems
There is an association between varicoceles and infertility or sub fertility, but it is difficult to be certain if a varicocele is the cause of fertility problems in any one case. In one study, as many as 40 percent of men who were sub fertile were found to have a varicocele. Other signs of varicoceles can be a decreased sperm count; decreased motility, or movement, of sperm; and an increase in the number of deformed sperm. It is not known for sure how varicoceles contribute to these problems, but a common theory is that the condition raises the temperature of the testicles and affects sperm production. Studies have shown that from 50 percent to 70 percent of men with fertility problems will have a significant improvement in the quality and/or quantity of sperm production after they have undergone varicocele repair.
Testicular Atrophy
Atrophy, or shrinking, of the testicles is another of the signs of varicoceles. The condition is often diagnosed in adolescent boys during a sports physical exam. When the affected testicle is smaller than the other, repair of the variocele is often recommended. The repaired testicle will return to normal size in many cases.
Sometimes a varicocele can be diagnosed during a physical examination. A large varicocele may make the scrotum look lumpy so it resembles "a bag of worms" (see Figure below).
When varicocele symptoms are not clearly present, the abnormal flow of blood can often be detected with a noninvasive imaging exam called color flow doppler ultrasound. Varicoceles also may be detected with a venogram - an x-ray in which a special dye is injected into the veins to "highlight" blood vessel abnormalities.
A color flow ultrasound image of a prominent varicocele. A large varicocele may make the scrotum look lumpy so it resembles "a bag of worms"
In INDIA and other parts of the world, varicocele treatment has traditionally involved open surgery, usually performed by a urologic surgeon, or general surgeon. In recent years, however, a safe and effective nonsurgical alternative called varicocele embolization is becoming the treatment of choice for many patients and their physicians.
Varicocele Surgery
Varicocele Surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia. Occasionally, the surgery is performed with a local anesthetic. In this type of varicocele treatment, the surgeon makes an incision above the scrotum (or higher in the flank area) and cuts through the layers of tissue to expose the veins (see Figure).
The affected veins are ligated, or tied off, to detour the flow of blood into normal veins. Sometimes a laparoscope (a cylindrical metal scope inserted into the abdomen) is used to perform the surgery. Recovery time depends on the type of surgery, but most patients require up to six weeks before heavy lifting and other strenuous activities can be performed. Light activities may be resumed more quickly.
Varicocele Embolization is effective in improving male infertility and costs about the same as surgical ligation. The study shows, sperm concentration improved in 83 percent of patients undergoing embolization compared to 63 percent of those surgically ligated.
Advantages of Varicocele Embolization
The majority of men in INDIA undergo surgery as varicocele treatment. This is because they are usually sent to surgeons for evaluation, and many do not know about varicocele embolization.
Does the procedure need anesthesia?
No, Local anesthesia only
Need, General anesthesia
How long do I stay in hospital?
4-6 hrs stay required
Require an overnight stay
When can I return to normal work?
Within 24 hrs
2-3 Weeks
Is there pain after the procedure?
Very little.
Yes but managed with Tab / injection analgesia
Will it cause sexual dysfunction?
Is there any scarring?
Yes - depending on surgical technique.
Improving male infertility?
Is there any recurrence?


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The Annals of Mathematical Statistics
- Ann. Math. Statist.
- Volume 33, Number 3 (1962), 939-957.
Some Theoretical Aspects of Diffusion Theory in Population Genetics
This paper considers the problem of approximating a discrete time, discrete states, non-Markov process by a continuous diffusion process. The problem is set in the context of population genetics but may have more general application. In the genetic situation, most authors have treated the stochastic behavior of a gene frequency subject to evolutionary factors by assuming its probability distribution may be approximated by the solution of the Fokker-Planck diffusion equation. It is here shown that under certain sufficient conditions such an approximation is valid, even for genetic models in which the gene frequency does not necessarily form a Markov process. A summary of some old and new results concerning the asymptotic behavior of gene frequency is given, with special emphasis on the case when mutation is absent so that an absorbing state will ultimately be reached.
Article information
Ann. Math. Statist., Volume 33, Number 3 (1962), 939-957.
First available in Project Euclid: 27 April 2007
Permanent link to this document
Digital Object Identifier
Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet)
Zentralblatt MATH identifier
Watterson, G. A. Some Theoretical Aspects of Diffusion Theory in Population Genetics. Ann. Math. Statist. 33 (1962), no. 3, 939--957. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177704463. https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aoms/1177704463


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Basic Income Discussion
Basic Income Discussion:
One Idea, Many Contexts
Basic Income is a big global idea which has gained traction across geographical locations and political spectrum. However, in praxis, all great ideas have to begin in a context. The discussion about basic income starts from within the existing discussion on social thinking and ways of protecting the vulnerable sections of the population. The discussion also flows from the inadequacies of the current welfare system. The greater the inadequacy and failure of the existing system the more there is embracing of new ideas.
In several country contexts, basic income has come into discussion because of the failing welfare system – one which is progressively becoming dysfunctional because of its lack of fit with the current ground realities.
For instance, in India, the discussion of basic income appeared in the context of poverty alleviation and the inefficient welfare system riddled with corruption and inefficient delivery. The MP Pilot project was designed to test the efficacy of unconditional cash transfers as opposed to targeted and means-tested welfare programs. The government's paper on basic income submitted to the Indian Parliament analyses and discusses the reorganising of its welfare spending.
The Finland pilot on the other hand was testing the comparative efficacy of basic income, as opposed to the current conditional and means-tested welfare benefits provided to the unemployed persons. The question was: Will the unconditional basic income motivate the unemployed people more in actively seeking employment? And get out of the poverty trap?
The arguments in favour of universal basic income coming from the Silicon Valley corporate leaders is in the context of the increasing robotisation of the production processes and the threat of extreme dispensability of human beings in the industry.
Therefore, people who are invoking the idea of basic income and advocating are coming in from a variety of entry points. This signals, if at all anything, the fact that the old wineskins are no longer able to contain the new wine and are tearing. We do need a new wineskin to hold the new wine.


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Travel is a strategic activity. Proper planning and preparation could be the difference between losing luggage at the airport or paying absurd cab fares in your location or site. One of the best ways to stay ready or prep for domestic or international travel is by creating a checklist.
A travel checklist is a great tool to overcome feeling overwhelmed or unprepared for your travel. It is important to go over your list at least three times in the weeks before you take off. As someone who travels internationally and domestically with my family, I also have to account for my children's needs, this means that my planning must be attentive and nuanced . Children's travel needs can range from allergy medications to a "favorite blouse" or swimsuit. Believe it or not, one of the worst ways to start a vacation is forgetting something important.
Organizing your individual and family schedule with tools like wunderlist, google drive and cloud can improve your comfort level. But having apps on the go is even better, and can curate a seamless travel experience if you plan things the right way.
Lifehacker has noted some of the best tools to plan out your travel. Here is a great list to start off with:
Easily recognized as one of the best apps in the travel space, Tripit helps you share your travel plans with the people you love or travel partners. It also syncs with your google calendar and sets up email rules to push confirmations to your phone.
Imagine being stuck in Paris for a day or two. You haven't really made any solid plans to see the city, and have no one to do this with. Downloading touristeye could be the answer . Touristeye helps your organize your trip by finding the nearest destinations with user reviews to highlight the experience. it also features the things to check in an area, waypoints and detailed information on roads, maps and landmarks.
This app is a bit similar to Tripit and Worldmate. What makes it special is in it's ability to centralize all of your travel documentation and planning in one handy interface. The interface is easy and seamless enough for the user to navigate with ease. It also integrates with your personal documents, that way you have all your content in on place. One of the best features on Tripcase is it makes travelling plans easier from your phone. The traveller has the option to get driving directions, alternate flights and other on the fly features you would not necessarily have with other apps.
To learn more about the best travelling apps, click here


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A Poem By Matilda C Edwards (1936)
Today I just want to share with you a poem I have recently discovered and one that the Lord used to convict my heart somewhat.
However, I am sharing this with you today as maybe there are things of this world that are still tugging at your heart too, areas that need to still be submitted to the Lord. Maybe there are things that need to "fall into the ground and die" in order that you too can "produce more fruit" for the Lord.
We know that James 4:4 states:
"Adulterers and adulteresses! Do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity with God? Whoever therefore wants to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God."
Strong words indeed from James but not ones to be taken lightly.
I have discovered that there are several differing versions of the poem available with extra verses, which gives interesting differences of how hopeful the future of the church may be in the eyes of the various writers, and obviously a modern twist to some of the later additional verses too.
Hope this is a blessing to you as it was to me.
The Church Walking
With The World
The Church and the World walked far apart
On the changing shore of time;
The World was singing a giddy song,
And the Church a hymn sublime.
"Come, give your hand," said the merry World,
"And together we shall go!"
But the good Church hid her snowy hand
And solemnly answered, "No!!
I will not give you my hand at all,
And I will not walk with you.
Your way is the way of eternal death,
And your words are all untrue."
"No, walk with me a little ways,"
Said the World with a kindly air.
" The road I walk is a pleasant road,
And the sun shines always there.
Your path is thorny and rough and rude,
But mine is broad and plain;
My way is paved with flowers and dews,
And yours with tears and pain.
The sky to me is always blue,
No lack, no toil I know;
The sky above you is always dark;
Your lot is a lot of woe.
My way, you can see, is a soft, easy one,
And my gate is high and wide;
There is room enough for you and me;
So let's travel side by side."
Half shyly the Church approached the World
And gave him her hand of snow;
And the false World grasped it, and walked along
And whispered in accents low,
"Your dress is too simple to please my taste;
I will give you pearls to wear,
Sensuous hues for your graceful form
And diamonds to deck your hair."
The Church looked down at her plain, white robes,
And then at the dazzling World,
And blushed as she saw his handsome lip,
With a smile contemptuous curled.
"I will change my dress for a costlier one,"
Said the Church with a smile of grace;
So her simple garments were stashed away,
And the World gave, in their place,
Beautiful satins and shining silks,
With roses and gems and swirls;
While over her forehead her bright hair fell
Crisped in a thousand curls.
"Your house is too plain" said the proud old World,
"Let us build you one like mine,
With walls of marble and towers of gold,
And furniture ever so fine."
So he built her a costly and beautiful house;
Most splendid it was to behold!
Her sons and her daughters met frequently there,
Shining in purple and gold.
Rich fairs and shows in the halls were held,
And the World and his children were there.
Laughter and music and feasts were heard
In the place that was meant for prayer.
There were cushioned seats for the lazy and rich,
To sit in their pomp and pride;
But the poor who were clad in shabby array,
Sat meekly down outside.
"You give too much to the poor," said the World.
"Far more than you ought to do;
If they are in need of shelter and food,
Why need it trouble you?
Go, take your money and buy rich robes,
Buy horses and carriages fine;
Buy pearls and jewels and dainty food,
Buy the rarest and costliest wine.
My children, they dote on all these things,
And if you their love would win
You must do as they do, and walk in the ways
That they are walking in."
So the poor were turned from her door in scorn,
And she heard not the orphan's cry;
But she drew her beautiful robes aside,
As the widows went weeping by.
Then the sons of the World and the Sons of the Church
Walked closely hand and heart,
And only the Master, who knoweth all,
Could tell the two apart.
Then the Church sat down at her ease, and said,
"I am rich and my goods increase;
I have need of nothing, or aught to do,
But to laugh, and dance, and feast."
The sly World heard, and he laughed in his sleeve,
And mockingly said, aside:
"The Church is fallen, the beautiful Church;
And her shame is her boast and her pride."
The angel drew near to the mercy seat,
And whispered in sighs her name;
Then the loud anthems of rapture were hushed,
And heads were covered with shame.
And a voice was heard at last by the Church
From Him who sat on the throne:
"I know thy works, and how thou hast said,
'I am rich, and hast not known;
That thou art naked, poor and blind,
And wretched before my face;'
Therefore from my presence cast I thee out,
And blot thy name from its place."
Here is a version with some additional verses with a modern spin to some of them.
The angel in mercy rebuked the Church,
And whispered, "I know thy sin."
Then the Church looked sad, and anxiously longed
To gather the children in.
But some were away at the midnight bowl,
And others online did play,
And some were hangin' at Pizza Hut:
So the angel went away.
Then said the World in soothing tones,
"Your children mean no harm—
Merely indulging in innocent sports,"
So she leaned on his proffered arm,
And texted, and chatted, and uploaded photos,
And walked along with the World,
While countless millions of precious souls
Over the fearful brink were hurled.
"Your preachers are too old-fashioned and plain,"
Said the smart World with a sneer.
" They frighten my children with dreadful tales
Which I do not like to hear.
They talk of judgments and fire and pain,
And the doom of darkest night.
They warn of a place that should not be
Mentioned to ears polite!
I will send you some of a better stamp,
More brilliant, educated, fast;
Who will show how men their flesh may please
And go to heaven at last.
The Father is merciful, great and good;
Loving and tender and kind.
Do you think He'd take one child to heaven
And leave another behind?"
So she called for pleasing and smart divines,
Deemed gifted and great and learned;
And the plain-spoken men who had preached the cross
Were out of her pulpits turned.
Then Mammon came in and supported the Church
And sat in a well-padded pew;
And preaching and chorals and floral displays
Soon proclaimed a gospel new.
"You give too much to the poor," said the World,
"Far more than you ought to do;
Though the poor need shelter, food, and clothes,
Why thus need it deprive you?
And afar to the heathen in foreign lands
Your thoughts need seldom roam.
The Father of mercies will care for them:
Let charity start at home.
Go take your money and buy nice shoes
And cars and pickups fine;
And phones and iPods and cameras,
The latest and costliest kind.
My children, they dote on all such things,
And if you their love would win,
You must do as they do, and walk in the way—
The up-to-date way they're in."
The Church her purse snaps tightly shut
And shamefully lowered her head.
She whimpered, "I've given too much away.
I will do, sir, as you have said."
So the poor were pushed out of her mind;
She heard not the orphan's cry;
And she silently covered her MasterCard
As the widows went weeping by.
Thus they of the Church and they of the World
Journeyed closely, hand and heart.
And none but the Master, who knows all things,
Understood they had once walked apart.
Then the Church sat down at ease and said,
"I am rich and in goods increased.
I have need of nothing, and naught to do,
But to play, to sing, and to eat."
The sly World heard her and laughed in his sleeve,
And mockingly said aside,
" The Church has fallen, the beautiful Church;
Her shame is her boast and pride."
Thus her witnessing power, alas, was lost,
And perilous times came in;
The times of the end, so often foretold,
Of form and pleasure and sin.
Then the angel drew near the mercy seat
And whispered in sighs her name,
And the saints their anthems of rapture hushed
And covered their heads with shame.
A voice came down from the hush of heaven,
From Him who sat on the throne;
" I know your works and what you have said—
But alas! You have not known,
That you are poor and naked and blind,
With pride and ruin ensnared;
The expectant bride of a heavenly Groom
Is the harlot of the World!
You have ceased to watch for that blessed hope,
Have fallen from zeal and grace;
So now, alas! I must cast you out
And blot your name from its place.
Here is a longer ending of one version I found that offers hope for those believers who "wake up" from the delusional deceptions that currently are rampant in the "Christian world" to repent and follow the Saviour in obedience once more.
I counsel thee to buy of me
The gold that will make you rich;
And anoint your eyes with the heavenly salve
To discern your Maker's wish."
Then the awakened Church with deep regret
From her worldly course returned;
She opened her heart to the knock of Christ
As His love in her bosom burned.
He gave her robes and forgave her sins,
And together they sat and supped;
His proffered throne He shared with her
For whom He had suffered much.
O Church of Christ, hear the Spirit's voice
As He calls through the world today.
Would that every church throughout the realm
Would turn from the world away.
"Do not love the world or the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world—the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life—is not of the Father but is of the world. And the world is passing away, and the lust of it; but he who does the will of God abides forever." (1 John 2:15-17)
"Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul…" 1 peter 2:11
God bless,
I welcome your input so if you would like to share any comments please feel free to do so in the section below. Thank you.
You can find my full Comments Policy here.


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Lake Hayes Triathlon (Christmas)
Friday, 27 December 2019
Lake Hayes Showgrounds, Arrowtown
The Lake Hayes Triathlon on Friday, 27 December 2019 is New Zealand's oldest surviving triathlon, first held in 1983, and is currently held twice annually at Christmas & Easter.
The Christmas event is held over the Christmas holiday break each year and has fostered the growth of summer triathlon over the years. Its history is made more remarkable by the calibre of entrants that have gone on to become household names in the sport all over the world.
This triathlon has been a cornerstone of much larger events in the New Zealand triathlon calendar, in the past doubling as the New Zealand national championships, the Oceania Championships, and the World Championships.
Trail Run/Walk:
1.5km trail run + 8km MTB + 1.5km run
1.5km trail run + 20km road bike + 5km run
4km Kayak + 20km road bike + 5km run
750m + 20km + 5km
1.5km + 40km + 10km


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My goals for the weekend were to get through the Codeschool Jquery course and add a new feature to our team project.
I was about half-way through the course and getting incredibly restless. One of the videos was taking a long time to load (long time = 3 milliseconds), so I thought, "I'll just pop over to Twitter for a second while that loads."
I just don't understand why anyone would write a language with this many parenthesis.
#javascript #wtf
Within about a half a millisecond, an account I'd never seen before, @JSDigest, retweeted me. It was scary how fast it happened. I was like, "What?! Were you just looking at my profile, waiting for me to click submit?"
Then I popped over to @JSDigest's page, and saw that everything was just a retweet with #javascript. So I thought, "Okay, that makes sense. It's a Tweet Bot."
"Hmmmm…..I should probably test it just to be sure."
Testing to see if JavaScript Digest is a robot that retweets everything with the hashtag
So I waited a whole 5 milliseconds, and it didn't retweet me. I thought, "What?! Wait…what if it's not a Tweet Bot? Let me test that."
I tweeted something with #javascript, and again it didn't retweet me. Then it retweeted something in Arabic!!!
What the hell, TweetBot?
@js_digest passed my Turing test, but I'm still convinced it's a clever Tweet-bot. It just retweeted Arabic. #javascript #deeply_suspicious
And it retweeted me!
This makes no sense. I'd better run the test suite again.
Tweeted again, and again it immediately retweeted me.
Okay, that makes sense. It is a TweetBot. It was probably just down for maintenance when I ran the first test.
Convinced I'd correctly identified it as a TweetBot, I tweeted one more time:
@js_digest retweeted my comment. If it's human, it's a very sarcastic human. I like you, TweetBot. #javascript
And it followed me!
What?!! How does it know to follow me?
Okay, keep calm. It's probably just counting the number of tweets with @js_digest. 3 tweets = follow. Got it. My world makes sense again.
But wait….what if it is a sarcastic human?
New development:
@js_digest followed me. This thing's got some complex logic! #javascript #javascript_digest_turing_test
Immediate retweet.
Okay, this is getting weird. I've got to design a better Turing test. Somebody has to have written a TweetBot Turing test that can distinguish between TweetBots and sarcastic humans. I should Google that.
I pop over to the other Google Chrome tab and see the CodeSchool course staring at me reproachfully.
Yeah, I've been here for about a half hour. I was wondering when you'd stop running Turing tests and come back.
I thought, "Man, I really need to do something productive. I don't think I can concentrate on Codeschool right now. Maybe I'll try to work on the team project."
I worked for a few minutes, and then I had to google "has_and_belongs_to_many". That led me to the docs, which led me to some more docs, which led me to an article, which led me to a blog post, which led me to another blog post.
That last blog post mentioned "yak shaving", so I googled that:
Coined by Carlin Vieri in his time at the MIT AI Lab (1993-8)[1] after viewing[2] a 1991 episode of The Ren and Stimpy Show featuring "Yak Shaving Day," a Christmas-like Holiday where participants hang diapers instead of stockings, stuff rubber boots with cole slaw, and watch for the shaven yak to float by in his enchanted canoe.
(idiomatic) Any apparently useless activity which, by allowing you to overcome intermediate difficulties, allows you to solve a larger problem.
"I was doing a bit of yak shaving this morning, and it looks like it might have paid off."
I was tempted to correct the article (the holiday is actually "Yaksmas"), but I refrained, thinking "I really should get back to that CodeSchool video."
Or….I could write a blog post about this.


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Modere Liquid BioCell Reviews – Should You Trust This Product?Advertising Disclosure ?
What is Modere Liquid BioCell?
As per the manufacturer details, This product is brought to you by Modere, a health and wellness company that maintains its headquarters in Utah, USA. Modere Liquid Biocell Life, US $69.99 for a 420 ml bottle, is an anti-aging cream made with the proprietary complex known as Collagen/HA Matrix Technology that claims to deliver multiple benefits that promote your overall health and well-being, as well as help you achieve younger-looking skin.
Table of Contents [Show]
Modere Liquid BioCell — Does It Really Work?
Modere is into the business of formulating nutraceuticals that help slow down the rate of aging and prevent premature aging. The brand was founded by Dr. Louis Brady who specializes in orthopedic medicine.
Based on claims made by the manufacturer, this product has been formulated to deliver for you the following benefits:
- Enhance nutrient absorption and bioavailability.
- Promote bone, joint, and muscle health.
- Drive your body to become more energetic.
- Improve your overall health and well-being.
What are the Ingredients in Modere Liquid BioCell?
- Liquid BioCell Life: This proprietary complex is made up of collagen, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate which help make up for the significant decrease in the production of this component by the body, thereby promoting healthier skin, nail, teeth, and gums, muscles and joints. However, it contains Hyaluronic acid which causes bruising, redness and itching on skin.
- Trans-Resveratrol[1]: Provides highly potent protection that significantly helps prevent and slow down cellular degradation, as well as promote heart health and prevent degenerative diseases that can lead to lifelong diseases and premature deaths.
- Super Fruits Complex: Comprised of a combination of a proprietary blend of 13 super fruits that deliver a powerful antioxidant protection, and includes Apple Juice Concentrate, Grape Juice Concentrate, Strawberry Juice Concentrate, Mangosteen Fruit, Cranberry Juice Concentrate, Blueberry Juice Concentrate, Açaí Berry Extract (Euterpe oleracea), Pomegranate Fruit Juice Powder, Jujube Fruit, Lycium Fruit Extract, Noni Fruit, Maqui Berry (Aristotelia chilensis), and Nopal Extract (Prickly Pear Extract) (Leaf).
How To Apply Modere Liquid BioCell?
- One tablespoon of Modere Liquid BioCell Life must be taken separately, twice daily, ideally at about the same time every day to help create a routine for your body.
- Shake well every time, before dispensing. It is best to take this product chilled to improve the taste.
Benefits of Modere Liquid BioCell
- This product has been formulated to deliver multiple anti-aging benefits that help promote your overall health and well-being.
- All Modere products, including Modere Liquid Biocell Life, go through compulsory reviews by the company's lifestyle advisory board prior to launching it to the market which helps ensure the level of product quality.
- It helps to eliminate dryness of skin but may lead to redness or itching on skin.
Disadvantages of Modere Liquid BioCell
- This product appears to have a very limited distribution network, making it difficult to get hold of it.
- Modere Liquid BioCell reviews from the independent, non-affiliated website are not available.
- This formula contains Hyaluronic acid which causes bruising, redness and itching on skin.
Does Modere Liquid BioCell Have Any Side Effects?
Based on this product's ingredients reviews, as well as the results of studies performed, the Modere Liquid Biocell Life will not cause immediate side effects, However, long-term supplementation may lead to hyperactivity of your immune response and, subsequent, frequent allergic reactions. Collagen supplementation has also been linked to hypercalcemia which could result in the formation of kidney stones.
Final Verdict: Modere Liquid BioCell
Modere Liquid BioCell is a supplement. Like other supplements, it does not go through rigorous screening and testing by the Food and Drug authorities. Any benefit that can be derived from it depends on how much you need supplementation. Some people need a boost while others don't. Besides, whatever can be derived from supplements such as BioCell can well be obtained from more natural food sources. This product does not offer a money back guarantee.
As we age the composition, texture and appearance of our skin changes. Signs of skin aging include wrinkles, fine lines, loss of moisture, uneven tone, and dull, tired-looking skin. There are countless anti-wrinkle creams on the market promising to make skin look and feel younger. Many anti-wrinkle creams promise everything short of a facelift or to provide the much sought after "fountain of youth". In reality most are just moisturizers marketed as anti-aging products.
Below you'll find some of the most effective wrinkle serum formulations on the market today, in our opinion.
Our Top Anti Aging Products
**This is a subjective assessment based on the strength of the available information and our estimation of efficacy.
*Results may vary. The information contained in this website is provided for general informational purposes only. No medical claims are implied in this content, and the information herein is not intended be used for self diagnosis or self trealment of any condition.
Disclosure of Material Connection: Some of the links in the post above are "associate sales links." This means if you click on the link and purchase an item, we will receive a commission Regardless, we only recommend products or services which we use personally and/or believe will add value to our readers. We are disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission's 16 CFR, Part 255: "Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials."


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Lululemon is hosting a Kundali Yoga class and wellbeing auction this Saturday. Here's everything you need to know!
In support of UK charity, Ourmala, Lululemon will be using Yoga to support victims of trauma by providing a one-hour yoga class which will be taken by internationally renouned Yoga teacher, Gloria Latham.
Gloria, who usually resides in Greece, will offer a rare chance to practice with her as she takes you through the motions of Kundali Yoga, a practice incorporating dynamic breathing techniques, movement and the chanting of mantras, such as Sat Nam, meaning "truth is my identity". Gloria is also a Lululemon Ambassador.
The event will also introduce yoga-goers to the incredible work of UK Charity, Ourmala, whom the event will be raising funds for. All proceeds of the price of your ticket will go straight back into the incredible work at Ourmala. The charity helps refugees and asylum-seekers rebuild their lives and integrate. Most are recovering from atrocities such as torture, sexual violence in conflict and human trafficking, registered with the UK Home Office.
Ourmala is a socially conscious non-profit organisation, that uses yoga to change the lives of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK. As lululemon's national Here to Be partner, all funds raised at this event will support Ourmala's work offering yoga, meditation classes and community support.
Ourmala founder Emily Brett will be joined by lululemon global ambassador, Gloria Latham to host a morning yoga and meditation practice at London's Migration Museum. A screening of a short film will follow to highlight the valuable work Ourmala does and the impact it has on vulnerable lives.
After the screening, guests can also enjoy lululemon's meditation bus as well as a silent auction with the opportunity to bid on some amazing packages from some of London's most prestigious fitness studios including Triyoga, Core Collective, Xtend Barre, F45, Yogahaven and Digme.
Event Information
Price: £25.00 per person (100% of proceeds will go towards Oumala)
Date of event: Saturday 30th September, 2017.
Time: 11:00am – 1:30pm
Duration: 2hrs 45mins
Arrival Time: Arrive from 10.45am to reserve your spot. Mats will be provided. Bring a blanket or warm layer for the meditation.
How do I get a ticket?
To book your ticket, click here!
What does my ticket price include? Ticket price includes: yoga, meditation, film screening, talk, access to the silent auction. The lululemon meditation bus, access to The Migration Museum exhibits and a goody bag featuring gifts from brands including Bumble and bumble, Deliciously Ella, Vita Coco, Kind Snack Bars, Pukka Tea, Fiji Water and Wild Fizz Kombucha.
Location: Migration Museum at The Workshop, 26 Lambeth High Street, London, SE1 7AG
I can't go but I want to support Oumala
Sorry you can't make the event, however there is an option for you to make online donations here: https://mydonate.bt.com/charities/ourmala


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When I was researching XCOM before E3, it didn't look terribly impressive. The trailers showed what appeared to be a run of the mill FPS, albeit in a cute setting. Yet having seen a half hour gameplay demo at the 2K booth, it's without a doubt one of my highlights of the show.
Unlike the previous X-COM games from the '90s, this is set in '60s America in its full glory. The central plot is the same though: a mysterious alien race called The Outsiders have invaded Earth and it's up to you, playing as a Special Agent William Carter, to stop them.
The demo began in your agency's office, which acts as a hub where you spend time between missions. Here you have access to many of the game's RPG elements. You play alongside other agents in the field and here you can select who's in your roster and spend their experience on upgrades.
From the office, the division chief Angela gives you an overview of the available missions, which you can tackle in any order. There's a strategic element to choosing where to go and you can also opt to send agents out on their own to gain experience. This was the first sign that XCOM isn't your average linear FPS.
The game's producer chose a mission to rescue a scientist and was soon jumping out of a helicopter into a town with two other agents. Here, something wasn't quite right and it wan't long before he encountered an alien foe, a type of which could appear in human form.
There are a number of interesting things to talk about when it comes to the gameplay. First is the notion that every enemy is an opportunity. If you defeat some of the larger aliens such as turrets, you can choose to either keep them to research later or deploy them against their own by bringing them into your squad. This short- vs. long-term choice is echoed throughout the game.
The squad-based combat is perhaps most similar to the Brother in Arms series. Directing your agents with a simple button press, you can send them to a given position and then go off on your own to flank enemies. There is a little more depth though, which is apparent when you enter the game's Tactical View.
This slows down time almost to a halt and zooms the camera back to a third-person view. Here you can see your balance of what 2K are calling Time Units. These can be spent on your own or other agents' powers, such as being able to capture enemy tech. Using these squad mechanics appears to be core to succeeding in XCOM, and players are incentivised to keep their fellow agents safe.
It's also worth mentioning that the game looks fantastic. Like 2K's other FPS, BioShock, the attention paid to getting the art style just right is obvious. Unlike its stablemate, XCOM is much more focused on tactical and strategic elements. These look like they'll give it a compelling depth that'll have broad appeal when it's released in March.