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Felix-Martin Werner1,2* and Rafael Coveñas2
1Higher Vocational School of Elderly Care and Occupational Therapy, Euro Academy Pößneck, Pößneck, Thuringia, 07381, Germany
2Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castilla-León,37007, Spain
Received Date: July 29, 2015 Accepted Date: September 14, 2015 Published Date: September 16, 2015
Citation: Werner F, Coveñas R (2015) Treatment of Bipolar Disorder according to a Neural Network. J Cytol Histol 6:368. doi:10.4172/2157-7099.1000368
Copyright: © 2015 Werner F, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Visit for more related articles at Journal of Cytology & Histology
Here, we describe the alterations of excitatory neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, acetylcholine), glutamate and GABA (a presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter) in the brain areas (brainstem, hypothalamus, hippocampus) involved in bipolar disorder. The coherence between the pituitary hypothalamicadrenocortical axis and the existing neurotransmitter alterations is pointed out. Neural networks are described in the concerned brain areas, including the neurotransmitters and the depending subreceptors, on which the prophylactic drugs exert their effects. A survey of the commonly used prophylactic drugs is also given.
Bipolar disorder; Mania; Depressive state; Dopamine; Noradrenaline; Serotonin; Acetylcholine; GABA; Glutamate; Secondgeneration antipsychotic drug; Mood-stabilizing drug
Bipolar disorder is an affective psychosis with alternating depressive, manic or mixed symptoms. In the depressive phase, in patients suffering from bipolar disorder, a hypoactivity of noradrenaline and serotonin occurs in the brainstem as well as in the hippocampus for dopamine [1]. Moreover, alterations in the brainstem and hippocampus of the presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and glutamate, which mainly is an excitotoxic neurotransmitter and partly a presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter, can be observed [2]. In manic symptoms, both D2 dopamine hyperactivity and 5-HT2A serotonin dysfunction were found in the hippocampus. The presynaptic neurotransmitter GABA and glutamate are also involved in the pathophysiology of manic symptoms. The dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenocortical (HPA) axis will be described [3]. Neural networks in the brainstem, hypothalamus and hippocampus will be also pointed out and the dysfunctions of the HPA axis will be deduced [3]. Bipolar disorder is mainly treated by mood-stabilizing drugs such as lithium, valproate and lamotrigine or second-generation antipsychotic drugs such as risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine or aripiprazole.
Depressive and manic symptoms are associated with a dysfunction of the HPA axis [3]. In depressive symptoms, reduction of cortisol levels and an increase of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels were found, and an enhanced response in the dexamethasone (DEX)/ CRH test was also observed [4]. In first-episode depressive patients, the thickness of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex was significantly reduced and it was associated with increased cortisol levels, which occured in 50% of the patients [5]. Leonard [6] reported the coherence between the HPA axis and the serotonergic system [6]. In the section about the neural networks, it will be pointed out that CRH-containing neurons located in the hypothalamus transmit via CRH1 receptors a strong activating impulse to glutaminergic neurons, which strongly inhibit, via metabotropic 5 glutaminergic (m5Glu) receptors, 5-HT1A serotonergic neurons located in the brainstem [4]. CRH1 containing neurons located in the hypothalamus also activate GABAergic neurons which presynaptically inhibit, via GABAA receptors, D2 dopaminergic neurons located in the hippocampus [7]. Depressive or manic symptoms only occur when the susceptibility genes are present. The serotonin transporter gene can induce serotonin hypoactivity in the brainstem, which is correlated with depressive symptoms [7]. The glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 67, which encodes GABA hypofunction, and the monoamine oxidase A/B gene, which encodes dopamine hyperactivity through a decreased breakdown, can lead to manic symptoms.
In bipolar disorder, a few brain regions (brainstem, hypothalamus, hippocampus) are involved in depressive and manic symptoms. Bielau et al. [8] examined the volumes of the striato-pallidal nuclei, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and basal limbic forebrain of patients with major depression and bipolar disorder and they found volume differences in all the investigated regions with strong volume differences contributed by the hypothalamus, external pallidum, putamen and thalamus [8]. These regions show alterations in classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides [1,7]. Thus, the hypo- or hyper-activity of postsynaptic excitatory neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine) and the actions of glutamate and GABA (a presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter) acting at specific subreceptors, will be pointed out [1,7].
In the depressive symptoms of the bipolar disorder, a hypoactivity of noradrenaline occurs in the brainstem. Hereby, a reduced activation of the noradrenergic alpha1 receptor, starting from the locus coeruleus, can be observed [9]. In depressive states, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, for example venlafaxine, can be administered but the dosage must be chosen carefully, because an activation of the noradrenergic neurotransmission can induce noradrenaline hyperactivity and may promote hypomanic symptoms [10].
In the hippocampus and the extrapyramidal system, dopamine, acting mainly at D2 receptors, shows hypoactivity in depressive symptoms and hyperactivity in manic symptoms [4]. The noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, bupropion, which is used to treat the "decreased positive effect", i.e. loss of energy, interest and pleasure in major depression, and that shows a good therapeutic effect [11], cannot be administered in depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder, because the activation of the dopaminergic neurotransmission can induce dopamine hyperactivity and hence hypomanic symptoms [10].
Serotonin transporter genes linked polymorphic regions, also called 5HTTLPR, are supposed to encode symptoms in bipolar disorder type 1 [12]. In depressive symptoms, hypoactivity of serotonin, acting at 5-HT1A receptors, occurs in the brainstem. However, other subreceptors also play an important role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. In the hippocampus, the dysfunction of 5-HT2A receptors is involved in depressive and manic symptoms [13]. The American society of clinical psychopharmacology asked participating psychopharmacologists about their treatments of major depression in bipolar disorder [14]. When the patients were treatment-resistant to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the psychopharmacologists chose bupropion, a selective noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor and, if this drug was contraindicated for causing hypomania, they mostly chose a second-generation antipsychotic drug, for example olanzapine, aripiprazole or quetiapine combined with the mood-stabilizing drug lamotrigine [14].
In bipolar disorder, the catecholaminergic-cholinergic hypothesis has been reconsidered [15]. In depressive states, an increased activity of acetylcholine can be found and, in mania, an increased activity of catecholamines (dopamine and noradrenaline) occurs. The increased activity of acetylcholine, in depressive states, is mediated via muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors [15]. In a previous work on neural networks [7], a neurotransmitter balance has been described between serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons. In the hippocampus, nicotinic cholinergic neurons activate D2 dopaminergic neurons via alpha4beta2 nAch (nicotinic cholinergic) receptors, and hence the activation of these receptors can promote antidepressant effects [7].
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
In both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, altered hippocampal neural networks have been described [16]. The hippocampus of patients suffering schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been studied and specific proteins have been detected [16]; the data suggest that in these patients both an altered oxidative stress response and an altered mitochondrial function occurred [16]. In both diseases, these findings hint at an alteration of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons [16]. In depressive symptoms, GABAergic neurons via GABAB receptors strongly presynaptically inhibit brainstem alpha1 noradrenergic neurons [17]. In manic symptoms, GABAergic neurons via GABAA receptors could weakly inhibit D2 dopaminergic neurons located in the hippocampus, inducing dopamine hyperactivity [18].
In bipolar disorder, a glutamate dysfunction via N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) and metabotropic glutaminergic receptors occurs in the brainstem and hippocampus [19]. Glutaminergic neurons weakly inhibit, via m5Glu receptors, 5-HT1A serotonergic neurons located in the "mood center" of the brainstem. Consequently, m5Glu receptor antagonists could exert antidepressant properties [20]. In the hippocampus, glutaminergic neurons weakly or strongly inhibit 5-HT2A serotonergic neurons and can induce depressive symptoms, with glutamate hyperactivity and serotonin hypoactivity, or manic symptoms with serotonin hyperactivity through a reduced presynaptic glutaminergic inhibition [18].
In depressive symptoms, galanin levels were found to be decreased in the hypothalamus. After treatment with a SSRI, galanin levels increased [21].
Neuropeptide Y
In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), neuropeptide Y levels decreased in depressive states and increased after an antidepressant treatment [4]. Neuropeptide Y-containing neurons located in the dentate gyrus weakly inhibit, via NPY1 receptors, hippocampal GABAergic neurons [22].
Substance P
In the CSF, substance P levels increased in patients showing depressive symptoms but decreased after an antidepressant treatment. Antagonists of the subreceptor of the substance P, the NK1 receptor, only have a weak antidepressant effect. Substance P-containing neurons weakly activate, via NK1 receptors, hippocampal GABAergic neurons [22].
The neural networks in the brain areas involved in bipolar disorder, namely brainstem, hypothalamus and hippocampus, can be described as follows: in the "mood center" of the brainstem, serotonergic neurons from the dorsal raphe nucleus transmit a weak activating impulse via 5-HT1A receptors to GABAergic neurons, which inhibit via GABAB receptors noradrenergic neurons located in the locus coeruleus. The latter neurons activate, via alpha1 receptors, glutaminergic neurons which inhibit, via m5Glu receptors, 5-HT1A serotonergic neurons. GABAergic neurons inhibit, via GABAB receptors, other GABAergic neurons located in the center of the circadian rhythm which inhibit, via GABAA receptors, alpha1 noradrenergic neurons located in the locus coeruleus. The latter neurons activate glutaminergic neurons, which are inhibited via m5Glu receptors by the glutaminergic neurons of the "mood center", and they also inhibit via NMDA receptors 5-HT1A serotonergic neurons located in the medial raphe nucleus. Serotonergic neurons activate GABAergic neurons, which inhibit via GABAA receptors alpha1 noradrenergic neurons, which activate glutaminergic neurons. In the center of the circadian rhythm, noradrenaline and serotonin have alternating levels during the course of the day: serotonin is preponderant during the night and noradrenaline during the day [23]. In the hypothalamus, CRH-containing neurons with a high activity transmit a strong activating impulse via CRH1 receptors to glutaminergic neurons, which in depressive states, strongly inhibit via m5Glu receptors 5-HT1Aserotonergic neurons located in the brainstem "mood center" [23]. CRH-containing neurons located in the hypothalamus also activate GABAergic neurons, which inhibit via GABAA receptors, hippocampal D2 dopaminergic neurons. D2 dopaminergic neurons, with a high activity in mania and with a weak activity in depression, activate glutaminergic neurons which inhibit via NMDA receptors 5-HT2A serotonergic neurons [18]. The latter neurons activate, via 5-HT2A receptors, hippocampal GABAergic neurons (Figure 1). Nicotinic cholinergic neurons, via alpha4beta2 nAch receptors, activate D1dopaminergic neurons. Neuropeptide Y-containing neurons located in the dentate gyrus inhibit, via NPY1 receptors, GABAergic neurons, and substance P-containing neurons activate via NK1 receptors GABAergic neurons. Finally, hippocampal GABAergic neurons inhibit alpha1 noradrenergic neurons located in the brainstem center of the circadian rhythm, and hippocampal glutaminergic neurons inhibit 5-HT1A serotonergic neurons located in the brainstem center of the circadian rhythm [23] (Table 1).
Figure 1: Neuronal pathways, classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides involved in bipolar disorder. 5-HT: Serotonin; Ach: Acetylcholine; DA: Dopamine; CRH: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; GABA: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gal: Galanin; Glu: Glutamate; NA: Noradrenaline; NPY: Neuropeptide Y; SP: Substance P. The following subreceptors are indicated: alpha4beta2 nAch: alpha4beta2 nAch, a subreceptor of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor; CRH1: the CRH1 receptor, a subreceptor of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor; GABAA: GABAAreceptor, a subreceptor of the GABA receptor; GABAB: GABAB receptor, a subreceptor of the GABA receptor; 5-HT1A: 5-HT1A receptor, a subreceptor of the serotoninergic receptor; 5-HT2A: 5-HT2A receptor, a subreceptor of the serotoninergic receptor; D2: D2 receptor, a subreceptor of the dopaminergic receptor; m5Glu: m5Glu receptor, a subreceptor of the metabotropic glutaminergic receptor; NK1: the NK1 receptor, a subreceptor of the tachykinin receptor; NMDA: NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor, a subreceptor of the ionotropic glutaminergic receptor; NPY1: NPY1 receptor, a subreceptor of the neuropeptide Y receptor.
|Brain area
|Neural network
|Afferent or efferent neurons
|Circadian rhythm center of the brainstem
|Noradrenergic neurons from the locus coeruleus and serotonergic neurons from the medial raphe nucleus have alternating levels during the course of the day. Alpha1 noradrenergic neurons activate glutaminergic neurons which, via NMDA receptors, inhibit 5-HT1A serotonergic neurons. The latter neurons activate GABAergic neurons which, via GABAA receptors, inhibit alpha1 noradrenergic neurons.
|• GABAergic neurons from the "mood center" in the brainstem inhibit GABAergic neurons via GABAB receptors.
•Glutaminergic neurons from the "mood center" in the brainstem inhibit glutaminergic neurons via m5Glu receptors.
|"Mood center" of the brainstem
|Alpha1 noradrenergic neurons activate glutaminergic neurons which, via m5Glu receptors, inhibit 5-HT1A serotonergic neurons. The latter neurons activate GABAergic neurons which, via GABAB receptors, inhibit alpha1 noradrenergic neurons.
|•Glutaminergic neurons from the hypothalamus which are activated by CRH neurons inhibit 5-HT1A serotonergic neurons via m5Glu receptors.
|Neurons containing corticotropin-releasing hormone activate GABAergic and glutaminergic neurons via CRH1 receptors.
|•GABAergic neurons inhibit D2 dopaminergic neurons in the hippocampus.
•Glutaminergic neurons inhibit 5-HT1A serotonergic neurons in the "mood center" of the brainstem.
|D2 dopaminergic neurons activate glutaminergic neurons, which via NMDA receptors inhibit 5-HT2A serotonergic neurons. The latter neurons activate GABAergic neurons which, via GABAA receptors, inhibit D2 dopaminergic neurons.
|•Nicotinic cholinergic neurons activate D2 dopaminergic neurons via alpha4beta2 nAch receptors. •Neuropeptide Y neurons from the dentate gyrus inhibit GABAergic neurons via NPY1 receptors.
•Substance P neurons activate GABAergic neurons via NK1 receptors.
Table 1: Neural networks in the brainstem, hypothalamus and hippocampus in bipolar disorder.
For the treatment of bipolar disorder, second-generation antipsychotic drugs such as risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine or aripiprazole or mood-stabilizing drugs are available [24]. Among the mood-stabilizing drugs, lithium can prevent the recurrence of depressive or manic symptoms in 30% of patients. Besides, the newer mood-stabilizing drugs valproate and lamotrigine exert a good therapeutic effect [25]. The mechanisms of action and the therapeutic effects of these prophylactic drugs will be explained.
Second-generation antipsychotic drugs
Among the second-generation antipsychotic drugs, risperidone has a D2and 5-HT2A antagonistic effect with a higher affinity for the D2 receptor than olanzapine [26]. Risperidone can improve manic symptoms and partly depressive symptoms. Olanzapine has as well a D2 and 5-HT2A antagonistic effect with a greater affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor than risperidone. It improves as well affective symptoms. Quetiapine also exerts a D2 and 5-HT2A antagonistic effect with an even greater affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor than olanzapine. It improves manic and depressive symptoms [26]. Aripiprazole has a partial agonism at the D2 receptor, and also exert a 5-HT2A antagonistic and a 5-HT1A agonistic effect. It improves well manic and depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder should be treated with monotherapy, although a combination of mood-stabilizing drugs with antipsychotic drugs is given. In bipolar mania, lithium or antipsychotic drugs should be administerd, while lithium should be given preferentially. In bipolar depression, quetiapine should be given [27].
Mood-stabilizing drugs
Lithium has been used as a mood-stabilizing drug for more than half a century, and it has a secure prophylactic effect [25]. Its mechanism of action can be described as follows: it reduces the activity of the excitatory neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate, increases the inhibitory effect of GABA, reduces the oxidative stress and has a neuroprotective effect [25]. Among the mood-stabilizing antiepileptic drugs, valproate and lamotrigine will be pointed out [28]. Valproate is a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder and mania. It inhibits GABA channels, enhances the presynaptic inhibitory effect of GABA and thus stabilizes dopaminergic neurons in the hippocampus [28]. Lamotrigine blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and alpha4beta2 nAch receptors and hence stabilizes dopaminergic neurons. Besides, it blocks NMDA receptors and weakly AMPA receptors [28].
In this review, we describe the alterations of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, acting at specific subreceptors in the brain regions (brainstem, hypothalamus, and hippocampus) involved in bipolar disorder. The coherence between the pituitary-hypothalamicadrenocortical axis and the brainstem and hippocampus is described. In bipolar disorder, if the susceptibility genes are present, stress can enhance depressive or manic symptoms. Neural networks in the abovementioned brain areas are described. The main and secure treatments for bipolar disorder are lithium, mood-stabilizing drugs and secondgeneration antipsychotic drugs. The neurotransmitters involved and the subreceptors, on which these prophylactic drugs interfere, are indicated in the neural networks described.
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Quaking Grass Art and Print Studio will open this September in Lislevane, just outside Timoleague. Run by artist, art teacher and interior designer Eilbhe Donovan, the studio will run classes and workshops in a huge variety of fine art techniques. Eilbhe speaks to Sheila Mullins about her travels on the way to West Cork and her plans for the studio.
Wicklow native Eilbhe Donovan began her creative career working as a decorative painter in Dublin during the boom years. Consulting with top architects and designers she interpreted design schemes into mood/sample boards before transforming hotel lobbies, grand offices and public building spaces. When work dried up during the recession Eilbhe decided to embark on a career in her other passion – teaching art to others. Having gained her teaching qualification in Crawford College in Cork, she was all set to emigrate when she met her German husband-to-be Daniel in the city.
Undeterred, Eilbhe set off on her travels, including time spent in Burma as an art teacher in an international school. "Burma was a great experience that I'll never forget," she recalls. "Living conditions in Burma were pretty basic and it was cheap to fly to Bangkok, so we'd go there for nights out or to the cinema. Flying back into Rangoon was like landing in Lislevane – despite it being a city, there were no lights!"
"The people are so friendly though it was like being in Ireland, well Ireland 40 years ago, in that there was a knack to get everything to work and a lot of making-do. Even the local buses could be right or left hand drive, depending on what they could get their hands on, so the doors might open on to the white line of a busy street," says Eilbhe laughing. "This making-do extended to art materials in the school where I worked so I had to be innovative, which was good for me. One of our projects was to create a beautiful mural in the school and that's something I still do today, in playgrounds and national schools here."
After Burma, Eilbhe settled in Germany for a while with her husband, again working as an art teacher, before Daniel announced that really he would like to return to Ireland. The couple decided on West Cork for their new life and now live in a picturesque home in Lislevane with Quaking Grass Studio (and free roaming hens) in their pretty garden.
Eilbhe's classes and workshops will cater for all levels and are available for drawing and painting in oil, ink and wash and watercolour and also print-making techniques such as etching, drypoint, intaglio and relief. "I also teach Junior Cert Art privately for students of schools who do not offer it," says Ailbhe. "My own secondary school didn't teach art so I studied for my exams with a private teacher. Particularly for artistic boys attending school in Clonakilty, this is an option that they might not have considered. Because I have my own printing press I can even offer the option of etching for the exam."
Eilbhe still works as an interior design consultant, "I help private clients to come up with schemes such as a magical child's bedrooms and businesses such as cafés to stand out from the crowd". She also plans to provide courses in interior design skills such as applying specialist paint finishes to walls and furniture for budding amateur designers.
Eilbhe is still practicing as an artist herself and is currently working with the Local Enterprise Office to establish her own brand of unusual farm animal and bird designs. You can check these out on her facebook page EilbheDonovanArts, where you'll also find updates about Quaking Grass Studio.
Call Eilbhe on 087 3445137 to get information on upcoming courses or to book one of her Hen Party Packages, where groups can do activities such as making and decorating funky feather and glitter masks for the night ahead, Ailbhe adds that "there's the option of chilled Prosecco on arrival to loosen up the creative spirit!"


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Widebody Lexus NX will be unveiled in Osaka this week.
Set to be unveiled at the 2014 Osaka Auto Messe this week, Japanese tuning house Wald International has revealed its aftermarket program for the Lexus NX. As per other Black Bison body kits, the crossover receives aggressive styling in the form of a front spoiler, unique alloys and beefed up wheel arches. At the back, the sporty SUV is redesigned with a tailgate-mounted spoiler, center-mounted taillights and a new bumper.


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Dear MyPE
Please be on the lookout for Mhleli Mike Mtengwana who has defrauded Postnet Greenacres (The Bridge)
We did work and various printing and large format designs for him. He paid by cheque and also electronic banking, but there were no funds in the account. He is very smooth and he utilizes his handicap to gain sympathy. If anyone has been duped by the same individual, please contact me at the store on 041 363 3606
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Kathryn L. Wheelbarger, acting assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs, and Kadi Silde, Estonia's undersecretary for defense policy, signed the document that will continue defense cooperation between the two countries through 2024.
Estonia joins Lithuania and Latvia in the five-year defense cooperation agreement between the Defense Department and the Baltic states.
The foundation for strong allied relations between Estonia and the United States has been long-term and multifaceted cooperation. The agreement confirms the continuation of the cooperation and mapping future directions for work, officials said.
During the next five years, the plan will focus on the more systematic development of bilateral security cooperation and achieving the objectives set forth in the national defense development plan, one of the basic documents for planning Estonia's national defense capability.
Areas of cooperation between Estonia and the United States include capability development and defense-related aid, training exercises, cyber defense, the Estonian Defense League, training areas and host nation support, officials said.
Estonia uses defense-related aid from the United States as an accelerator for defense investments to develop Estonia's independent defense capability and concluding possible joint procurements with other Baltic republics.
At the core of cyber defense cooperation is training, information exchange, planning and capability development — with the goal to improve the countries' capability to cope with the opponents' cyberattack operations.
Broad-based national defense principles are adhered to within the cooperation plan when it comes to dealing with security problems, and cooperation with the police and border guard board, in addition to defense forces and defense league.
Cooperation in the specified fields increases defense cooperation between Estonia and the United States, improves Estonia's independent defense capability and contributes to strengthening NATO's deterrence and defense posture on NATO's eastern wing, officials said, adding that specific activities for implementing defense cooperation between Estonia and the United States will be agreed upon at future bilateral meetings.


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Microsoft: From Bing To The Cloud, Making All The Right Moves
Tigress Financial Partners has upgraded Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) from Neutral to Buy and believes management is pulling all the right strings with its strategic direction. In a new note, analyst Ivan Feinseth said the combo of improving business fundamentals and aggressive capital return is a recipe for outperformance from Microsoft.
Azure, Bing and Xbox
"We believe MSFT's expanding cloud transition strategy including Azure, the subscription-based Office 365 model and the future integration with LinkedIn along with new initiatives in Artificial Intelligence (AI), search, gaming and other new products will begin to drive a new acceleration in Business Performance," Feinseth explained.
He believes Microsoft Azure has closed the gap to become real competition with leading cloud services company Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN).
Feinseth noted that Bing is also gaining market share from smaller search rivals and is benefiting from partnerships with Yahoo! Inc. (NASDAQ: YHOO), HP Inc (NYSE: HP) and Facebook Inc (NASDAQ: FB).
He noted that Microsoft's Xbox has become much more than simply a gaming device.
"MSFT is also one of the largest publishers of video games and its Xbox console serves as a web-based household gaming and entertainment platform enabling subscribers to play multiplayer games and access non-gaming entertainment," Feinseth wrote.
Microsoft's stock is off to a solid start so far in 2017, up 1.2 percent in the opening weeks of the year.
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BMW's humble origins as a brand began after the financial restructuring of the aircraft manufacturer Rapp Motorenwerke in 1917. Initially specializing in aircraft engines, BMW shifted to motorcycle production after the end of World War One, but it wasn't until the late 1920s that the first BMW motorcar was developed. Its design was based off the Austin 7 and licensed from the Austin Motor Company in Birmingham, England.
The early years
For decades afterward, BMW struggled through post-war economic strife, surviving mainly on the sales of motorcycles and microcars like the Isetta. That all changed at the 1961 Frankfurt Auto Show, when BMW introduced the "New Class" 1500, which featured high-spec design elements like disc brakes and four wheel independent suspension, that the automaker began to stake its claim as global manufacture of passenger cars. The 1500 would later evolve into the iconic BMW 2002, a vehicle sought after and enjoyed by sports car enthusiasts to this day. Then, in 1976, BMW introduced the successor to the 2002: The BMW 3 Series.
Dubbed the "E21," the first 3 Series coupe landed at a very opportune time. The automotive world was in the midst of oil embargos and new, strict government and EPA regulations, which resulted in wallowy American land yachts, anemic econoboxes and very few good options to choose from. With its handsome European styling and the 2002's legendary sporty driving dynamics, the E21 was an immediate sales success, both in Europe and the United States. It helped to cement BMW's reputation for building exceptional European sport sedans and coupes.
In 1984, the successor to the E21, called the "E30," was publicly introduced to great critical acclaim. An evolutionary change from the E21, the E30 continued to mature throughout the course of the 1980s. The E30 really started to come into its own in 1987 with the introduction of the sport-oriented 325i and 325is models, which featured a 168hp version of BMW's inline 6 cylinder engine, capable of shooting the coupe from 0-60 in a then-jaw dropping 7.4 seconds. But the best E30 was yet to come. The following year, BMW introduced the M3, sporting a 192hp detuned racing motor, hardcore suspension, and braking tweaks from BMW's performance division, as well as visual enhancements derived from BMW's FIA Group A racing cars. Upon reviewing the first US-spec M3, Car and Driver declared, "This is not a car for yuppies. This is a car for us."
Building out
In 1992, the E30 was succeeded by the E36, a car which was physically larger in every dimension, but also brought with it a new level of refinement, visual appeal, and performance capability previously unseen from BMW. The 3 Series range continued to expand during this period, adding hatchback and wagon models to the coupes, sedans and convertibles already available. In 1995, BMW unveiled the E36 M3, to great critical acclaim. With impeccable road manners, a beefy 240hp engine and a level of refinement that was simply unavailable from other sports cars at the time, the E36 M3 immediately became a darling amongst both the automotive press and the enthusiast public at large.
In 1999, BMW unveiled the E36's successor, the E46. The execution of this new 3 series was so universally praised that it's still considered by many to be the finest 3 Series car to date. Visually, the 3 Series continued its progression toward a more sleek aesthetic, and the model continued to grow beyond the increased physical dimensions of the E36. The E46 M3 also continued BMW's tradition of world class performance in a refined sport coupe, offering a bespoke model which shared very few components with its lesser 3 series counterparts. Motivated by a stout 3.2 liter inline 6 cylinder engine producing 333 horsepower and a screaming 8000 rpm redline, the E46 M3 is still considered one of the finest sport coupes money can buy.
Succeeding the E46 in the 3 series timeline are separate nomenclatures for the sedan, wagon, coupe and convertible (E90, E91, E92, and E93, respectively). Debuting in 2005, the current 3 Series carries on its predecessor's tradition of incremental physical growth. While the current generation's revamped styling has been somewhat controversial, the 3 series continues to be as popular as ever, and the performance-bred E92 M3, much like its predecessors, continues to be a favorite amongst sports car enthusiasts. It employs a highly exotic, high revving V8 for a neck-snapping 414hp, plus cutting edge chassis, suspension and braking technologies that provide the new M3 with supercar levels of performance capability.
Next generation
The sixth generation of the 3 Series are the F30/31 models, which began production in 2011. The gran coupe, coupe, and convertible models were spun off into their own 4 Series and the M3 version, released in 2014, featured a S55 twin-turbo straight-6 engine. In 2016, the whole line received a facelift, and in addition to replacing the engines in these models, BMW also introduced a plug-in hybrid model to the 3 Series, with the 330e iPerformance.
The 3 Series continues to be the standard by which all other sport coupes and sedans are compared. The legendary refinement that is a BMW hallmark is constantly attempted by many other automobile manufactures, both domestic and abroad, but rarely achieved to the same standard.
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Rimmel has launched its #IWILLNOTBEDELETED film, marking the start of Anti-Bullying Week 2018 and the beginning of parent company's, Coty's, ongoing commitment to tackle the prejudice and discrimination that stand in the way of self-expression. The emotive film features a number of young people who have had first hand experience of the negative effects of beauty cyberbullying. They are supported by Rimmel global brand ambassadors, Rita Ora and Cara Delevingne, sharing their own authentic stories of being on the receiving end of beauty cyberbullying.
The #IWILLNOTBEDELETED campaign will see Rimmel partner with the multi award-winning anti-cyberbullying non-profit organisation, The Cybersmile Foundation. Rimmel will work with Cybersmile to tackle the societal issues that stop people of all ages from feeling unable to fully express themselves on social media due to fear of negative commentary or retribution.
Rimmel has also published a white paper – Beauty Cyberbullying – Expression Repression which highlights the global impact of beauty cyberbullying. The white paper spoke to over 11,000 women aged 16-25 and discovered that beauty cyberbullying is a growing global issue. Some of the facts it discovered include:
- 1 in 4 women have experienced beauty cyberbullying
- 46% of women who have experienced cyberbullying have self-harmed either through an eating disorder, substance abuse or physical self-harm
- 57% of women who have experienced cyberbullying didn't tell anyone and suffered in silence
- 54 of women have bullying behaviour on their mind when they're about to post something online
- 32% have closed a social media account and 22% have deleted an image due to cyberbullying
- 115 million images are deleted each year as a result of cyberbullying


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Los Angeles County Democratic Party — Democratic PartyCandidate for County Central Committee, Assembly District 62
Philip A. Johnson
13,122 votes (7.56%)Check
Retired Recreation Coordinator
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- Our Story
- Why Huntington
- Steps to Ownership
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As a Huntington franchisee, you will never feel like you are alone — you're part of our family! We provide you with extensive, ongoing support from when you first become a Huntington franchisee, throughout the life of your business. You are buying into a franchise with a proven system of support. At Huntington, we are proud to have a team of extremely seasoned franchising veterans at the helm.
Aziz Kabani, owner of the Huntington Learning Center Franchisee in Dr. Phillips, FL, was recognized at IFA's Franchise Action Network Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C.Read More
Anne explains what goes into business model transitions through different generations.
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Anne Huntington was named a top Forty Under 40 in business by NJBIZ. The event was held on September 13, 2019, in Freehold to announce the winners and culminated with an awards banquet and networking between other nominees and winners.Read More
Huntington Learning Center is proud to announce the promotion of Anne Huntington to President.Read More Here
Eileen and Anne Huntington sat down with Tom Scarda from The Franchise Academy podcast to discuss the past, present, and future of the Huntington Franchise.
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Forbes highlighted a unique example of storytelling and the need to tell each individual franchisee's story which makes up a huge part of HLC's success.Read More
Huntington Learning Center has announced a significant expansion of its franchising opportunities in the New York Metropolitan area.
Click here to read more about this exciting opportunity.Read More
Huntington Learning Center is ranked #48 in the 2019 Entrepreneur Top 500 Franchises list. With more than 1,000 companies being reviewed for this list, this a great accomplishment and is a testament to our employees and franchise network.Read More
Huntington Learning Center has received a Top 50 ranking by Franchise Business Review in their annual Top 200 award-winning franchise opportunities.Read More
Huntington Learning Center, the nation's leading tutoring and test prep provider with more than 300 locations across the country, is pleased to announce that Anne Huntington has been appointed to its board of directors.Read More
Huntington Learning Center CFO Jim Emmerson was recognized by NJBIZ as the CFO of the Year for private companies with revenues up to $50 Million for 2018.
Click here to read more about this great honor.Read more
Huntington Franchisee Kathy Segmuller was honored by the International Franchise Association as the 2018 Franchisee of the Year.
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Huntington management team members, including our founding family, accept 2018 Franchisee Satisfaction Award from Franchise Business Review at the IFA Convention in Phoenix.
Click here to read more about this and other awards.Read more


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The 2.3 km 'ZipTour', already under construction, will allow visitors to explore the resort's terrain in several segments, with short walks in between each stage. The course will have four spans, each with two cables running parallel, with braking technology allowing the user to control their speed of descent.
Dean Prentice, General Manager at Mt. Washington, said: "The ZipTour will make it possible for everyone to experience the beauty and excitement of Mt. Washington's terrain, whether you are an expert skier or not. We are advancing towards our goal of becoming a true year-round destination resort. In 2016 we reopened our lift-accessed Bike Park in which we have witnessed huge visitation growth. Continuing that expansion trend, we are excited to announce the Mt. Washington ZipTour is the largest single capital investment into our summer operations in the Resort's history."
"Crews are pouring foundations as we speak," stated Mt. Washington's Director of Operations, George Trousdell. "The project is a huge undertaking. The course will span a large part of the property; starting right at the top of the Eagle Chair, it will travel from one summit to the next, sending guests zipping high over the gorge to Little Mt. Washington. The tour then works its way down the Hawk side, finally ending on the top of the Rossignol Learning Centre - a thrilling entrance for everyone below to watch!"
Read the article online at: https://www.mountaintechnologymagazine.com/mountain-tourism/17102018/mt-washington-to-open-zip-line-next-summer/


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4680-17 Monticello Ave
Williamsburg, VA 23188
We are closed on Mondays
Tuesday through Saturday: 8am to 9pm
Sunday: 8am to 4pm
Welcome to Honey Butter's Kitchen Monticello Location! We opened up in the Monticello Marketplace in 2011 and have become a locals favorite and a place for visitors to feel like they are at home.
We pride ourselves on serving classic American cuisine in a down home atmosphere. Our local restaurant serves up a combination of southern cuisine, classic American, and soul food.
We offer weekly specials, senior discounts and more. Check out Honey Butter's Kitchen for good, old fashioned southern style comfort food, served the way you love it.
HAPPY HOUR SPECIALS – 4 until 7 PM
$.50 off draft – $1.00 off glass wine – $1.00 off rail drinks
Every Tuesday Night Special
Meatloaf Night
Tuesday night is also 20% off for senior citizens
Every Wednesday Night Special
Italian Night
Every Thursday Night Specials
Fried Chicken Night (while quantities last)
Thursday night is also 1/2 off wine night


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http://www.armanibiz.com Welcome to our Armani online shop, we are one of the largest
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Halfway between Golden and Radium, Quinn Creek Campground is peacefully nestled in the middle of the valley surrounded by water and the occasional CP Rail locomotive choo-chooing along.
In the morning, get up with the sounds of the birds calling you to make fire and enjoy the fresh air. Take pleasure in a cup of fire-made coffee and look up and around in awe!
You can hike up the Rockies or take a stroll around and discover Colombia River and its habitat. Come prepared, you might even run into a beaver or a bear!
Seasonal camping is a great way to have safe, secure outdoor experience.
At Quinn Creek you get to experience it all!
First of all, water comes straight from heaven! Drinkable and uplifting when you shower.
We promise we're not just saying that - it's true!
- Clean and secure washroom/shower facilities.
- Free Wifi access.
- Coin laundry steps away.
- Enjoy the view and stargaze in darkness at night. How many constellations can you find?
- Snacks, pop, and ice available. Plus there's always fire wood!
- Move your RV onto your site once and just enjoy your time here.
- Go home with the assurance that your RV and other gear is safe and secure - there is always someone around.
- Don't worry about pesky reservations, you and your family will always know where you are going for the long weekends.
- Plant flowers and landscape your site as you like.
- Sites all have power, water, sewer, and wireless Wifi access.
- Pets are welcome! All pets must be leashed.
Please contact for more information. firstname.lastname@example.com
- Pets on a leash at all times, and always clean up after them. Visitors pets are not allowed.
- Please drive slowly, patrons and children are always walking around.
- Respect your neighbors, quiet time is 11 pm until 8 am.
- All recycling/garbage is to be moved from the site to the appropriate bins at the utility building.
- No Load parties, disturbance of any kind or disrespect to nature is allowed.
- Liability: YOU ARE HERE AT YOUR OWN RISK we are not liable for your choices.
All Reservations require a credit card deposit.
All reservations are based on 4 people per site (2 adults and 2 children)
There is an additional charge for pets. ($5.00)
Nightly Rates are as follows:
Full Service Pull Through Sites
Includs 30 amp power, water, sewer, laundry room access and wifi
- Yearly $2750.00 (Includes year around secure storage)
- Monthly $600.00
- Daily $45.00
Tenting and Off Grid RV
Includes washroom (flush toilets and showers), laundry room access and wifi
- Nightly $25.00
- Firewood $5.00 per bundle
- Shower $1.00 (8 minutes)
- Laundry $1.50 per load (soap is available at an extra charge) see Concession
Environmental Fee $7.50 (Garbage and Recycling fee)
For other rates please inquire. +1 250 348 2252
All cancelations must be made at least 48 hours in advance.
No returns, No refunds.


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The World's Hottest Hot Sauces Gallery
The World's Hottest Hot Sauces
For those who are fans of spicy food, hot sauce is an indispensable condiment. But beyond the mild kick of traditional hot sauces like Tabasco and Cholula lies a huge ecosystem of intensely spicy hot sauces and their fiercely devoted fans, known as chileheads. If you fall into that group, this list is for you, because these hot sauces are the spiciest on earth.
#13 Blair's 2 A.M. Reserve: 600,000 Scoville Units
According to legend, this sauce originated when the company's founder worked in a bar and was eager to close up shop when 2 a.m. rolled around. He fried up some wings and doused them in this sauce, and told the patrons that they could stick around for longer if they could eat four of them. Needless to say, it worked every time. A three-ounce bottle can be purchased for $29.95, but a disclaimer needs to be signed first!
#12 Blair's Ultra Death Sauce: 800,000 Scoville Units
If something called "Ultra Death Sauce" sounds like something you'd like to ingest, then you can buy a bottle of it here for 13 bucks. Made with habanero, cayenne, serrano, and ghost chiles (along with a dash of garlic and spices), this frightening sauce is 900 times hotter than a jalapeño.
#11 Hell's Inferno Naga Bhut Jolokia Hot Sauce: 1 Million Scoville Units
Reaching past the million mark is this sauce produced by Hell's Inferno, which contains ghost chiles (also called bhut jolokia), red habaneros, and a dash of chocolate. If you're actually able to taste any of that chocolate (we hear it's overpowered by the flavor of agony), let us know.
#10 Holy Jolokia Hot Sauce: 1 Million Scoville Units
This sauce is essentially just ground up ghost chiles with some vinegar and lemon, so eating it is essentially the same as popping a ghost pepper into your mouth.
#9 CaJohns Lethal Ingestion: 1,075 Million Scoville Units
Lethal Ingestion isn't messing around: it's sold in a glass vial, and it bills itself the world's hottest hot sauce that doesn't contain any extracts. It's just Fatali, Red Savina, and Ghost Peppers ground up and mixed with a little vinegar. It's one of the purest expressions of chiles out there, and it's absolutely incendiary.
#8 Crazy Uncle Jester Select Reserve: 1.1 Million Scoville Units
Select Reserve is the hottest sauce produced by Crazy Uncle Jester's, which is known for making some insanely hot sauces. An entire bushel of habanero peppers goes into each bottle!
#7 Blair's 3 A.M. Reserve: 2 Million Scoville Units
If the 2 AM Reserve isn't hot enough for you, you could always kick it up one more notch with the 3 AM reserve. It's 20 percent hotter than the original, and a drop of this stuff on your tongue will most likely alter your entire outlook on the universe. For the truly brave (crazy?), a three-ounce bottle sells for $49.95. It comes in a funky bottle, signed by Blair himself.
#6 CaJohns Mongoose: 3 Million Scoville Units
It can be safely said that CaJohns produces the spiciest varieties of hot sauce on earth, and this one isn't even close to the hottest! Made with ghost and fatali chiles, this sauce is described by the company as "slow and excruciating." Sounds like fun!
#5 Pepper Palace The Hottest Sauce in the Universe, The 2nd Dimension: 3.5 Million Scoville Units
There's a good chance that the folks at Pepper Palace weren't exaggerating when they called this concoction the universe's hottest. Forty pounds of ghost chiles go into every batch, and according to the company the stuff contains a ludicrous 3.5 million Scoville Units, making it 700 times spicier than Tabasco. We're getting into some crazy territory here, and if you're insane enough to try it, you can purchase it through the Pepper Palace website for $14.95.
#4 Mad Dog 44 Magnum: 4 Million Scoville Units
This sauce is made with pure capsaicin extract, which reaches an insane 4 million Scoville Units. Add this to your food one drop at a time, or better yet, don't add any at all. If you feel like playing a legendary prank on your fraternity brothers the next time you make a batch of chili, you can buy a bottle for $38 here.
#3 CaJohns Z… Nothing Beyond: 4 Million Scoville Units
This lovely concoction starts with papaya, guava, pineapple, banana, and passion fruit, and is then kicked up about 4 million or so notches by the addition of habaneros and pure capsaicin extract.
#2 CaJohns Get Bitten Black Mamba Six: 6 million Scoville Units
This is the spiciest hot sauce on the market that isn't an extract and can easily be purchased online. Made by CaJohns, it contains chocolate habanero peppers and a hefty dose of 6 million Scoville Unit extract. If you eat this, it very well might be the spiciest thing you ever eat.
#1 Mad Dog 357: 9 Million Scoville Units
Dubbed "plutonium" by its manufacturers at Ashley Foods, this sauce is so thick with extract that it needs to be heated just to get it out of the bottle. It's a full 60 percent pure capsaicin, and it sells in one-ounce containers for a hundred bucks each. It's absolutely face-melting, and it's the hottest product on earth that can still be considered a sauce; the next step up from here are pure capsaicin crystals. After you've tackled all of these hot sauces, why not try your luck at the hottest chiles on earth?


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While we were in Sydney I went with my Mom to a quilt show. She was proud of me because I didn't complain. It was really crowded. We rode the Sydney Monorail to the quilt show, that was fun!
The next day we went to see the National Maritime Museum right on Sydney Harbour. It was really cool because it was all about ships and all kinds of boats. I got to see Viking ships and learn about the history of shipping in Australia.
Also my Dad and I went to see the new movie "Cars". That is my second movie since December! We really liked it!


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The island of Ireland has been inhabited since the Stone Age but it was the arrival of the Celts in around 500BC which created the basis of what we consider Irish culture today
- Ireland (Éire in Gaelic)
- Languages:
- Irish Gaelic (1.400.000)
- English (6.378.000)
- 6.378.000 inhabitants
- 32,595 sq miles
We also offer tours to:
The island of Ireland has been inhabited since the Stone Age but it was the arrival of the Celts in around 500BC which created the basis of what we consider Irish culture today. Ireland under the Celts was divided into 5 provinces (of which 4 remain today) and about 150 small kingdoms.
Each province was controlled by a family or clan, and although it is true that the island was not united politically, it was united under a common language, a culture, a religion (Druidism) and an elaborate code of laws based on the community and the importance of families and clans.
The Vikings have also made their mark on the history of Ireland, building cities like Dublin and Wexford and bringing changes to Irish society such as the introduction of currency, the Celts having previously used the barter system to acquire goods and services.
Facing the growing power of the Vikings the warring Irish kings united and in the year 1014 under the command of High King Brian Boru the Irish defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Clontarf ending their military domain but not their commercial influence on the island.
But there is one invasion which has had more impact on Irish history than any other. It began in 1169 with the arrival of the Anglo Normans and marked the beginning of centuries of struggle between the Irish and their English invaders.
The English took vast swathes of land on which they built castles to protect their conquests. They also imposed the feudal system of social organization which clashed with the way the Celts organized their communities. The native Irish, particularly in the northern province of Ulster, never accepted the rule of the English and they mounted many attacks on the administrative capital of British rule in an area known as 'The Pale' which incorporated Dublin and the surrounding areas.
In an effort to stop these attacks being mounted from the North, King James 1 of Britain began the Plantation of Ulster in the early 1600's. During the Plantation massive tracts of Irish owned land was expropriated to the hands of English and Scottish settlers. This led to an island wide revolt in 1641 that was brutally crushed by Oliver Cromwell.
In 1792 the establishment of the United Irishmen is considered the birth of Irish Republicanism. Their leader Theobald Wolfe Tone, a Protestant from Dublin, appealed the use of force to break ties with Britain and united all citizens under the name of Irishman irrespective of religion. The 1798 Rebellion was the bloodiest in the history of Ireland and created a myth in the figure of Wolfe Tone.
In the aftermath of this failed rebellion the London government ended the little autonomy that Dublin had and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created, with the Union Jack, which became locally known as the Butcher's Apron, as a banner.
Several more uprisings occurred in the following decades however the national desire for freedom was decimated by the Great Irish Famine 1845-52 during which 1 million people died of starvation and 1 million more emigrated. The Famine was nominally caused by the failure of the Irish potato crop, on which the native peasants were dependant. However Ireland was still producing huge quantities of other grains for export during this period.
It wasn't until 4th of April 1916 when the next watershed in Irish freedom took place. Irish nationalists took control of the GPO (General Post Office) in Dublin and proclaimed the Irish Republic. The savage British repression of this uprising and the execution of its leaders changed the history of Ireland.
In the 1918 elections Sinn Féin had a landslide victory, a parliament, known as the First Dáil, was set up and a series of events led to the Tan War or War of Independence (1919-1921).
This war culminated with the signing of the Anglo Irish Treaty, by Michael Collins and others, which partitioned the island, leaving six counties of Ulster in British hands and led to a bitter civil war and the establishment of the Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael political parties which dominate Irish politics to this day. The new 26 county 'Free State' would continue its path, proclaiming itself an independent state in 1949.
In the North the nationalist minority was disenfranchised and suffered discrimination in housing, work and the provision of services. These injustices paved the way for the civil rights movement in the 60's, but the response of the Unionist government was fierce repression and loyalist mobs started attacking nationalist neighborhoods. In this context the Provisional IRA came in to being in 1969 to defend nationalist communities from attacks.
In 1972 one of the darkest days of the modern conflict occurred in Derry when British parachute regiment soldiers murdered 14 civilians who were taking part in a peaceful civil rights march in the city.
From this period on IRA's military campaign intensified with the organization carrying out major actions both in Ireland and in England. On a single day in 1979 an IRA ambush at Narrowater Co. Down, killed 18 British soldiers and the British Queen's cousin, Lord Mountbatten was killed in an attack in Co Sligo.
In the late 70's and early 80's the dirty war intensified with the introduction of internment without trial and the criminalization policy adopted by the British government towards republican prisoners. 1981 is a watershed year in Irish history. The republican prisoners in the H-Block prison decided to embark on a Hunger Strike to raise awareness of their political struggle and the dreadful conditions in the jail. This led to the death of ten prisoners but within two years Margaret Thatcher's Tory Government had granted all of the prisoners' original demands.
The remainder of the 80's saw the conflict in the North continues with thousands of people made victims of this bloody war. In 1994 the IRA called a cease fire but this broke down in 1996 due the failure by the London government to honor the agreements made.
In 1997 a new IRA ceasefire led to the signing of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement / Belfast Agreement. In 2005 a power-sharing Assembly was created which enabled locally elected politicians to make decisions on behalf of the people of the north, however not all powers are devolved and the British Government retain control of taxation, foreign policy and welfare payments among other things.
Today Sinn Féin is the second largest party in the North of Ireland and fourth in the South.
Ireland is regarded as one of the Celtic nations and this heavily influences the culture of the island.
The Irish language, known as Gaelic, belongs to the Indo-European family and has been the language spoken by Irish people for most of their history. The English invasion and introduction of the Penal Laws had a terrible effect on the language with all official communications and education only available through English, the language of the Protestant Ascendance.
Currently there are Irish speaking areas on the island, known as Gaeltachta where Irish is the main language in day to day life. The number of speakers is rising especially in urban areas like Dublin and Belfast and the introduction of Irish medium education has helped consolidate this revival.
Traditional music is one of the best known aspects of Irish culture and it can be enjoyed in many Irish bars. Traditional musicians sometimes hold informal 'Sessions' where anyone can join in playing an instrument.
Ireland also has a rich literary culture with several Nobel Prize winners and world-renowned writers such as Brendan Behan, James Joyce, Oscar Wilde, Bram Stoker, WB Yeats and the Bronte sisters.
Irish traditional sports and games are organized around the Gaelic Athletic Association. The best known are hurling, Gaelic football and handball. All are strongly linked to the promotion of Irish culture, language and history.
Both Gaelic football and hurling are played in teams of 15 players; the climax of these sports is in September when the All- Ireland championship takes place. The finals are played in the iconic Croke Park stadium in Dublin with an attendance of more than 80,000 people.


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This blog started as a self-advertisement, the idea being to generate interest in or at least awareness of my book about cycle touring in France – France On Two Wheels. I also seem to be using it as a dropbox for unused travel articles, having lost quite a few recently on a crashed computer. It gives me the luxury to write what I like and tinker with it to my heart's content, but deprives me of the chance to blame editors and subeditors. I have promised not to write anything rude about my friends, fellow travel writers or anyone else. There is more than enough rage on the internet without a contribution from me. But if a little rant makes me feel better and saves my dogs a kicking, why not?
Percy goes to school
At 6.45 on a damp autumn evening, 15 minutes early (as instructed), six young dogs and their human appendages have assembled outside a village hall near Wantage. For our rescue puppy Percy, not quite 3 months and not quite a … Continue reading
The World in 2000 Pieces
Seriously impressed by God. 6 days to get this thing done was nothing short of a miracle. Two weeks in, we're still looking for the polar bear's nose. On the first day He made the edges. Then Antarctica and the … Continue reading
Golf rules, OK?
My golf buddy and I took advantage of spring-like conditions on New Year's Day to lock horns and put the new rules to the test on our local course. The idea, or part of it, is to speed up play, … Continue reading
Better than sex
Confirmation from my sleeping partner that valeta ('servant going to a dance') is a kind of waltz gave me v as the third letter of 'it was in form when young'. Since I already had L, e and … Continue reading
Hickory Trickery
The Golf Collectors took their canvas bags and hickory sticks to Merioneth – some of them travelling by train, I trust – for their annual match against Aberdovey last Saturday. The fixture was a couple of weeks later than … Continue reading
Hello, yes, goodbye
Another day, another survey, or several. Today on Today I learnt that the average Lithuanian drinks 750 pints of beer a year, while engaged couples – in the UK that is, not Lithuania – are more likely to ask … Continue reading
PowdAir dreams: from Southend to Sion
A new airline, yet to incorporate let alone take off, wants to establish itself as the British winter sporter's favourite, with Sion as its hub. PowdAir plans two flights a day, five days a week, from five UK airports – … Continue reading
Play it again George
'Me te se nous vous …. le la les ….. lui leur … y en!' I found myself chanting along with Hugh Schofield yesterday morning during From Our Own Correspondent. His dispatch was a nostalgic item in memory of … Continue reading
coming soon – your currency surcharge
The recent spat between Unilever and Tesco – the so-called marmite war – over a price rise justified (or not) by the weakness of sterling will have rung alarm bells with skiers who may be looking forward to their winter … Continue reading
Araf! (Drive slowly in Wales)
I went on a Speed Awareness course in Newbury last week and a few interesting things came out of it. Not enough things to fill four hours but still, a few are better than none. Like everyone else I was … Continue reading


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In honor of #WorldRefugeeDay – This is my 'Coming to America' Story
I was born in a refugee camp in 1984 in Thailand. In 1980 my parents fled their home in the mountains of Laos and sought refugee by swimming across the Mekong River in the middle of the night, into neighboring Thailand. The safety of my family, who are of Hmong descent, was compromised because of a U.S. CIA secret operation in communist Laos where the Hmong men and boys fought for and along side American soldiers. Anyone who was Hmong would be persecuted by communist Laos for helping the US.
When my parents, my two older bothers and my oldest sister arrived on Thailand soil with nothing but the clothes on their backs, I imagine they were cold, dripping wet, hungry and tired. I imagine my siblings, who were still very young, fearful and unsure of what was ahead. I imagine my dad trying to keep a brave face and my mom, keeping an eye out to making sure everyone was together and alive.
Four years later, it was there in the Ban Vinai refugee camp in Thailand, behind barb wires and on dirt trails is where I was born. I lived in the refugee camp until 1987, when we were sponsored to come live in the USA. My parents decided to move us to Ohio. That was where my grandma and relatives were previously relocated to.
To this day, people still ask me: Where were you born? Where are you from? I tell them "Thailand" and they automatically assume I am of Thai-descent, and thats enough to satisfy their curiosity.
Now, I just tell people "I'm from Detroit, Michigan –the U.S.A." Not exactly what they expect to hear from a dark-haired girl. I realize 'Where I am from' is not where I was born, it's where my home is. It is where I chose to make roots for my own family. And in actuality, I was born in a refugee camp that happened to be in Thailand, with no country to call my own and had to learn to accept that being here in America was my fate.
In 1997, in the 7th grade, I became a Naturalized US Citizen. You could say, maybe it's the least the US Government could've done for the Hmong people for recruiting them in their secret operation against Communist Laos. Truth is, my parents worked hard for their citizenship. My parents were removed from their home in the mountains of Laos. They had to relearn everything in an entirely new country.
I am thankful, every day, for the public assistance and education that I received. I was able to go to Preschool, Kindergarten; graduated high school, obtain my Bachelors. The opportunities that I have had in living in this country far exceeded my parents expectations. All my parents ever wanted, like most parents, was to see their children grow, get a good education and job. My siblings and I were able to fulfill that American dream.
Seeing and reading about what has been happening in my country in the US today makes me extremely sad and distraught. As I look at my children, ages 1, 3 and 6, I cannot imagine them being taken away from me or crying in front of me helplessly as I do nothing. I would rather die than be separated from my children. Children need their mother, their father, their caregiver.
Children living in unsafe and violent places around the world do not choose to be born in these conditions and likewise do not make the choice to flee their place of "origin." I should know because I was one of these children. Parents who flea from violent countries with their young children are hoping and praying for a better life for their children.
To instill the fear in society to believe that all immigrants are criminals or flea their country of origin because they want to cause harm in our country and should be detained and prosecuted as criminals is delusional, cruel and inhumane. So many parents who seek asylum in this country are simply trying to find a better place to raise their children and see them grow.
In this day and age, I am sad to say that this country is not the country to seek asylum any more. The world needs to know: the USA is no longer a safe place to seek refuge and will dehumanize you and take your children away from you. This is the message the government is sending around the world to instill fear in others that this is the treatment you will receive if you try to come into this country. What the government doesn't realize is that these people who are fleeing have no form of communication and no way of knowing that this is happening until they arrive and are detained. They do not have media outlets or social media to warn them. This is counter-productive and counter-intuitive. It does not solve the problem.
I hope and pray that other surrounding countries will accept these people who are trying to flee their country of origin because of violence, war and unsafe conditions. I hope that our government and the leaders in this country will work together to change the current policy, to make it better for everyone, including children and families around the world. No child should be separated from their parent. Please give these people a chance to live their dream too.
By sharing my story I hope that others will do the same too, to keep the dialogue open and give awareness to this problem that we are facing today; to stand up for human rights, to stand up for our young children and to be a better society by understanding each other's adversities.


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watercolor and pen & ink
These are referred to as Zentangles these days,
but for my 7th graders they are really an exercise in pattern and shape,
along with learning about color theory & watercolor washes.
One of my favorites was done by Shannon Carizon.
Love that tree silhouette balanced by her moon.
And the wash is so well done with lots of atmospheric values.
This next one by Megan Ly is so well thought out and executed.
Stunning piece sweetheart!
Malia Pulido went all out in this amazing design above.
She is such a hard worker and will spend hours on her pieces.
Her design is so pleasing to the eye.
Sydney Eng came up with a super unique design,
also spending hours on all those tiny marks.
We were all so impressed with this one by Gabriela Roxas.
Her craftsmanship was impeccable!
And Emma Yang brings her sweet & bubbly personality into this last piece.
It reminds me of an illustration you might find in a beautiful children's book.
And the quote by Yoko Ono is perfect.
These young ones just amaze me with the time and effort
they are willing to put into their assignments.
And the creativity is out of bounds!


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How to AirDrop Files from iPhone to Mac Computer with Ease
Don't know how to AirDrop photos, videos and more other files from iPhone to Mac? This guide will tell you how to make it with AirDrop and an AirDrop alternative, also share solutions for common AirDrop problems you may meet.
AnyTrans – Best AirDrop Alternative
AnyTrans, the best AirDrop alternative tool, could help you transfer photos, songs and other 20+ types of files between iPhone and computer with high efficiency. Download it now and have a try.
AirDrop is a service that Apple added to iOS and Mac devices to share files since iOS 7 and Mac OS X lion (10/7). By using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, AirDrop enables you to transfer files from iPhone to Mac in a wireless way. This post tells you how to use AirDrop and an AirDrop alternative to transfer files from iPhone to Mac, including all the models of Mac computer such as iMac, Mac Pro, Mac mini, MacBook, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, etc. Meanwhile, this post also provides you solutions for some common problems you may meet when using AirDrop. Let's see in 3 parts.
Image Credit: Apple.com
Part 1: How to AirDrop from iPhone to Mac DirectlyPart 2: How to Share Files from iPhone to Mac via AirDrop Alternative Part 3: Problems You May Meet When Using AirDrop
Part 1: How to AirDrop from iPhone to Mac Directly
Normally, it is pretty simple to share files from iPhone to Mac after turning on AirDrop on both of your iPhone and Mac computer. Follow the steps below to see how to turn on AirDrop on Mac/MacBook/iMac/iPhone and then AirDrop iPhone to Mac.
Step 1. Turn on AirDrop on Mac
First of all, you should turn on AirDrop on Mac computer. Well, how to turn on AirDrop on Mac/MacBook/iMac? Turn on Wi-Fi. Open a Finder window and choose "AirDrop" from the sidebar > Check the box of "Allow me to be discovered by:". > Select either "Everyone" or "Contacts Only". Please note that always keep the Finder window open as it enables AirDrop.
How to AirDrop iPhone to Mac - Turn on AirDrop on Mac
Step 2. Turn on AirDrop on iPhone
Generally speaking, AirDrop would be automatically turned on if you have turned on your Bluetooth and Wi-Fi on your iPhone. If not, you can turn on AirDrop on iPhone's Control Center. Some users reported that AirDrop is missing on iOS 11, actually, it still there. Here are detailed steps to turn on it:
1. Sweep up from the bottom of your iPhone's screen to open Control Center.
2. Long press the square as we show. Then a window will pop up. Tap on AirDrop to turn it on.
3. Select Only Contacts or Everyone.
How to AirDrop from iPhone to Mac - Turn on AirDrop on iPhone
Step 3. AirDrop iPhone to Mac
1. Wait a few seconds then the Mac with AirDrop enabled will appear in the list.
2. Tap on that Mac/User ID to immediately start sending data to the Mac.
Part 2: How to Share Files from iPhone to Mac via AirDrop Alternative
The file types that you can share from iPhone to Mac computer via AirDrop are limited. AirDrop only supports sharing photos, videos, and locations. What's more, it only supports sharing one type of data at once, and both your iPhone and Computer need to have the feature of AirDrop, however, not all iPhones support it.
Therefore, if you want to share data like music, contacts, notes, videos, ringtones and more from iPhone to Mac at the same time, here is a better option - using - AnyTrans, which allows you to transfer or backup iOS contents from iPhone to computer and also fitted with other features like:
1. It supports transferring almost all kinds of data from iPhone to computer, like music, contacts, photos, live photos, videos, notes, ringtones, messages and so on. And, the vice versa, that is to say you can use it to sync or transfer data from computer to iPhone without iTunes.
2. Besides transferring data from iPhone to computer, AnyTrans also supports transferring data between iOS devices, between iOS device and iTunes Library, from iOS device to iCloud, between computer and iCloud, and even from Android to iOS.
3. It transfers data with fast speed. It would only take 5 minutes to transfer 3000 photos with original resolution. It is developed by an Apple certificated developer and also Norton and McAfee secured, which means there is no risk of information leakage.
4. It is easy to operate. Both of basic and advanced users can use it without any problem. It works well on both Mac and PC computer, and supports all iPhones, iPads and iPods.
Now, download AnyTrans and follow steps below to share files from iPhone to Mac.
Step 1. Install AnyTrans on your Mac computer and connect your iPhone with USB cable. Scroll down to the category page.
How to Share Files from iPhone to Mac via Airdrop Alternative - Step 1
Step 2. There are many types of data you can choose, here take photos for example. Click on Photos. Select Photo library for example.
How to AirDrop Photos from iPhone to Mac via Airdrop Alternative - Step 2
Step 3. Select the photos you want to send to computer, and then click on the To Computer icon to start the transfer process. It will be finished just in seconds.
How to AirDrop Photos from iPhone to Mac via Airdrop Alternative - Step 3
Then you can open the export folder to check these photos.
Check Photos on Mac
Note: As you can see, you can also use this AirDrop alternative to share photos or other data from iPhone to another iOS device, to iCloud directly. If you want to do that, here are some articles can help you make it with ease:
How to Transfer Photos from iPhone to iPhone Directly >
How to Transfer Photos from iPhone to iCloud >
How to Add Ringtones to iPhone that iTunes 12.7 Can't Do It Now >
Part 3: Problems You May Meet When Using AirDrop
There are some problems that you may encounter when you AirDrop from iPhone to MacBook, including AirDrop not showing up in Control Center, can't AirDrop music, Mac can't find iPhone and so on. If you encounter one of them, please keep reading, you can find the solution.
1. AirDrop not showing up in Control Center.
Some iPhone/iPad users reported that they couldn't find AirDrop in Control center. Actually, it's just a common issue that can be easily fixed. Just got to Settings app and find Restrictions item to allow AirDrop service running on your iPhone.
2. AirDrop not showing up in finder.
There are only specific Mac models that could be compatible to use AirDrop. If AirDrop doesn't show up in finder, maybe it is the Mac you have is not compatible with AirDrop. Below is the list of Mac models which support AirDrop.
MacBook Pro (Late 2008 or newer), MacBook Air (Late 2010 or Newer), MacBook (Late 2008 or newer, iMac (Early 2009 or newer), Mac mini (Mid 2010 or newer), Mac Pro (Early 2009 with Airport Extreme card or Mid 2010).
As for other Mac computers, as long as the Mac is vaguely modern with a somewhat recent Mac OS or Mac OS X release that has Bluetooth, AirDrop works just fine without hassle.
3. Mac can't find iPhone.
If Mac can't find iPhone, please try to restart both devices. If not working, then make sure AirDrop is set to "Everyone" instead of "Contacts Only".
4. Can't AirDrop Music.
This is one problem that you cannot solve because Apple doesn't allow you to share music directly from iPhone to another place via AirDrop. The file types that you can share via AirDrop are limited actually. AirDrop only supports sharing photos, videos, locations, under this circumstances, you can use a professional transfer tool, such as AnyTrans – transfer 20+ file types.
5. Some other problems.
You may drop into some other troubles when using AirDrop. You can read our previous post, AirDrop Not Working, which shows you some basic tips to fix issue of AirDrop not working on your iPhone.
The Bottom Line
That's all for how to AirDrop from iPhone to Mac and the introduction of an AirDrop alternative - AnyTrans. If you find this post helps, please give this article a like or share it with others. At last, don't forget to download it to have a try. It won't let you done.
Top Posts on Backing up iPhone Contents to Computer:
Backup iPhone Photos to PC/Mac Computer >By Vicky, Dec.7, 2016
4 Ways to Backup iPhone Videos to PC/Mac >By Joy, Sep. 22, 2016
Transfer iPhone Text Messages to PC/Mac >By Joy, May 8, 2017
Transfer iPhone Contacts to Computer for Backup>By Vicky, Jun. 21, 2017
Get Music from iPhone Back to Computer > By Vicky, Oct. 13, 2016
1-Click to Back Up All iPhone Content > By Tom, May. 24, 2017
More Related Articles You May Like
- How to Share Data with Other iPhone iPad via AirDrop – This tutorial offers you the way to share data with AirDrop service. Read More >>
- How to AirDrop Music on iPhone – Read this guide to get 2 simple ways on how to AirDrop Music on iPhone. Read More >>
- How to Transfer Photos from iPhone to PC – This article will show you 4 ways to transfer photos from iPhone to PC computer. Read More >>
- How to Transfer Messages from iPhone to Mac – This post tells you how to transfer messages from iPhone to Mac for printing or preservation. Read More >>


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Price $24.99
Call Us for more Information
Office: 901-345-0606
Toll-Free: 1-800-825-0606
Constructed of 3mm neoprene with a 2" soft elastic strap and stays that can be bent for desired immobilization. Fit right or left.
Click on SKU to add to cart.
Physicians, clinics, and hospitals please call for special pricing: 1-800-825-0606.
Size Univerasal


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Presidential Planets
April 2017
The Planets and Signs always have something to say about lives and events.
In the case of the latest President, there is a great deal that they can tell us.
Or maybe just remind us of what seems already quite obvious.
A halfway astute observer can gather much without horoscopes by
reading the news, sensing the moods of the populace, or even putting a wet thumb to the wind.
We live in a time of Fake News becoming commonplace,
of the President speaking of "American carnage" in his inaugural address,
of the "nuclear option" being used for only the second time in United States Senate history.
These events are readily perceived in a horoscope drawn for the Trump's Inauguration
and another done as a chart comparing Trump with the natal horoscope.
NEPTUNE, PLUTO, and MARS
- some of the heavy hitters in the planetary realms -
deserve special consideration when looking at what is passing in front of us already and
is sure to continue in the weeks and months ahead.
Inauguration Chart
NEPTUNE is key here as it is the
Sole Dispositor
of the chart.
NEPTUNE has been in the sign of Pisces which it naturally rules since 2012.
[Pisces also is home for 3 other planets and the South Lunar Node in this chart.]
NEPTUNE will be very potent for several more years
and was even more so at the moment of Donald Trump's inauguration dispositing
all other influences at the time.
A sole dispositor is when every planet in a single chart can be traced
back to a single planet via a chain of planetary rulers.
Determining an SD takes knowledge of rulers and is not immediately apparent in a chart.
It is akin to when the whole family collects in one place for a family photo -
and everyone there passes down from one parent in the lineage.
NEPTUNE has the potential for high-mindedness and psychic receptivity
being the higher octave of Venus.
But, it also governs all fluids including alcohol and oil.
NEPTUNE is said to rule the cinema, theater, television -
all kinds of modern illusion and glamour and deception.
No wonder we are inundated with Fake News in the present time.
What more can we expect during a presidency governed in a large way by NEPTUNE?
PLUTO can be seen in the same chart within reach of the Midheaven between the Sun
(which is always there at noon) and Mercury in the 9th house.
The said presidency is sure to have large PLUTO influences -
power and money, and "underworld" or unconscious currents.
The 11th House is almost full suggesting great ambition or aspiration.
At the same time,
almost all luminaries in the chart are showing in the Southern [upper] Hemisphere
- [directions and hemispheres are reversed in astrology] -
which itself speaks of extroversion or action.
Little introspection, for sure.
Natal Chart of Donald Trump
Mr. Trump expresses the forces of PLUTO and MARS from the very depths of his being
as they surround his [Ascendant] Rising Sign in Leo - itself the sign of the King.
Trump Chart Compared with USA.
When President Trump's chart is overlaid on the American horoscope,
we see MARS and PLUTO surrounding the Midheaven of the USA.
Again, there is little going on in the Northern [lower] hemisphere.
The Midheaven literally shows us "What's On Top" and
in the foreseeable future it will be MARS and PLUTO leading the way with
NEPTUNE making itself known in the background.
Thus we can expect Power and Action to reign
in a time of relative Glamour, Illusion and Deception.
Hang on for the ride of a lifetime or lifetimes.
Hopefully, some of the positives of these Planets will show through.
PLUTO is also of most particular importance in the present US chronology because
that Planet is now within 6 years of returning to its natal position in 1776.
And what was going on them? Remember?
The first American Revolution.
Comments always welcome at theportableschool at gmail dot com.
Other Signs of the Times.
Rocky Mountain Astrologer Home Page


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APARTMENT FOR SALE ON TORROX COSTA PROMENADEGreat apartment with spectacular views out to the sea
We present this wonderfully located apartment on 1st line of beach with spectacular views to the promenade, the beach and the sea. It consists of a large bedroom with built-in wardrobe, spacious living room, plus a glazed terrace which extends the living room surface to achieve a larger space It also has another large closet in the hallway that allows access to the bathroom and bedroom. Through the large windows the wonderful views are to the promenade, the beach and the sea. The spectacular views are made possible by its fantastic location on the first line of the beach and in the best block of the urbanization. It is in perfect condition and conservation.
In compliance with the Decree of the Junta de Andalucía 218/2005 of October 11, the Transfer Tax, the Notary and Registry expenses regulated by the tariff are not included in the sale price. The professional fees of the Agency 'Yes' are included in the sale price. The client has at his disposal the detailed information sheet of the property, 'DIA' (abbreviated information document). Prices are valid for 15 days, subject to availability and confirmation by owners. It is considered that the description and prices indicated for the properties for sale on this website are correct. However, the information contained on this website may be subject to errors or omissions, changes and deletions. Buying and selling a property with us is quick, practical and simple, we perform all the procedures. a) Personal advice b) Financial. c) Legal and Legal. d) Technical and administrative. e) Sale and post sale. We will respond to ALL your expectations and concerns with our professional management.


text:
Curating sewing and quilting talent, techniques, and tutorials, since 1997.
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On June 16, Hyundai Engineering and Construction Co. disclosed that a US$6 billion project in Iraq had to be halted due to late payments.
Although the company said that it is seeking other means of payment, the move sparked concerns that similar developments could occur in other oil producing countries. The concern is further fueled by the fact that a large chunk of Korean construction firms' unclaimed fees are for projects conducted in oil producing countries.
According to industry data, the country's top five builders had combined unclaimed fees of more than 8.8 trillion won (US$ 7.5 billion).
Of the five, the figure for Hyundai E&C was the largest at 2.5 trillion won. Of Hyundai's figure, 1.5 trillion won was from 10 projects whose value equals 5 percent or more of the company's annual revenue. More than half of the amount was incurred on projects in oil producing countries.
Middle Eastern projects also accounted for more than half of the unclaimed fees at GS Engineering and Construction Co. and Samsung C&T Corp.
According to industry watchers the situation was fanned by local firms' focus on the Middle East during the mid- and late-2000s.
By Choi He-suk (firstname.lastname@example.com)


text:
Very durable, extreme response, and great intonation make the YBS-52 the only choice for advancing musicians.
The Yamaha YBS-52 baritone saxophone is the most requested baritone by schools nationwide. The YBS-52 features a clear lacquered brass body, drawn tone holes, leather pads, and stainless steel springs. The intermediate player will love the easy action of the Yamaha YBS-52's keywork and the freeness with which it plays. Band directors favor the YBS-52 for its solid intonation, full sound, and physical durability. Each YBS-52 baritone sax comes standard with range to low A and a front F mechanism.
All Yamaha wind instruments come with a limited 5-year warranty.
- Level: Intermediate
- Key: Eb
- Neck: Standard
- Neck Material: Yellow Brass
- Body Material: Yellow Brass
- Bell Material: Yellow Brass
- Key Material: Yellow Brass
- Key Buttons: Polyester
- Range Down to: Low A
- Auxiliary Keys: Front F, Low A
- Tone Holes: Drawn
- Springs: Stainless Steel
- Pads: Waterproof Leather
- Resonators: Nylon
- Thumb Rest: Adjustable Plastic
- Pivot Screw: Straight-Tapered
- Includes: Case, 5C Plastic Mouthpiece, Neckstrap, Ligature, Cap, and Cork Grease
- Crafted In Japan


text:
NJ Auto Sales is dedicated in providing the ultimate automobile buying experience. NJ Auto Sales is your #1 source for buying a quality pre-owned vehicle at wholesale price. We have extensive relationships in the dealer community allowing us to purchase a wide variety of lease returns and new car trades at exceptional values. This enables NJ Auto Sales to pass along huge savings on the highest quality vehicles of your choice. In addition, we offer a full array of financing options to meet your needs.
Featured Vehicles
Dealership Hours
Monday to Saturday
10:00 AM to 6:00 PM
10:00 AM to 6:00 PM


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Our humble beginnings….
Founded by Stu Herreid and Budd Snell in 2013, Ukes for Schools, Inc. was imagined to create a better world for all people by playing and sharing music.
By introducing young people to music, we believe we are creating healthier members of society. Over the years, we have seen young players engage musically with others, including family members and friends.
The Strum Shop began as a ukulele music store and has expanded into the premier music center in historic downtown Roseville. Located at 209 Vernon Street (corner of Vernon and Lincoln streets), The Strum Shop features instruments including ukulele, guitar, bass, violin, percussion and accessories. Private and Group lessons are available.
Come on down and play with us. Free music events, as well as concerts and workshops* are scheduled each month. Check out the Strum Shop Calendar for details.
Our Ukulele Loan Program – Each year, we receive many requests to participate in our Ukulele Loan Program. In the past, some of our ukuleles have found their ways to remote areas of the world (how about Rwanda??? Yes!!). Since our agreement (as stated in our Memo of Understanding) is to loan ukuleles to active music programs, we have found it necessary to limit our outreach to schools and clubs in our local vicinity. We have identified seven Northern California counties in near proximity: Sacramento, Placer, El Dorado, Yolo, Sutter, Amador and Nevada. One of our initial qualifying questions will be about the proximity of your school or club to The Strum Shop in Roseville, CA (Placer County). We are most likely to be able to loan instruments to schools or clubs in one of these seven counties.
We would love to be able to fulfill all requests but resources are limited. We suggest new club leaders or teachers read our "Uke Club Leaders Handbook". Planning and support are also two areas that deserve great attention.
Our guiding tenet has always been to allow schools to keep and maintain our instruments as long as there is an intended use for them. When a music program ends (funding, teacher retires or moves to another school) then we ask the school to make arrangements to return the instruments back to The Strum Shop.
*Tickets for concerts and workshops are available online at TheStrumShop.com. Call ahead to check seating concert prices and available seating.


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Where is the ball
I love it when Kunal plays with me. He hides things with food inside and tells me to find them. I really enjoy these game.
Was that food?
Was that food? I think Kunal likes food as much as I do. Wherever it is, we would be there.
I had a Mc Chicken!
Today I had a Mc Chicken! – I did not really know what I am eating, but I have a feeling its something bad – Kunal
He just wont let me see him eating!
I enjoyed that burger
Why does not this human take me with him ever, he always goes outside and closes the door, i still don't understand. Wha


text:
Some students fall into the trap of believing that they don't have to attend class because they can just borrow another student's notes. This is especially true for college students since many professors don't monitor student attendance. Relying on the notes of your fellow students is a big mistake, however, as it is a mistake that may affect your grades in a negative way. Here's why you should attend class and develop your own notes instead of relying on someone else's:
- Not all students have good note taking skills: Since note taking isn't taught in a lot of schools, many students are not highly skilled in this practice. Therefore, you have no real way of knowing whether the notes you borrowed represent the essential information that was covered in the lecture. The student you are trusting may have missed several key points and that may cause you to overlook them when you are studying for a test.
- The notes may be difficult to decipher: Many students use symbols, shorthand, and abbreviations to allow them to record more of what the professor says during a lecture. While the student who wrote these notes can probably read them without any trouble, the notes may be completely illegible to someone who borrows them. As a result, you may not be able to understand the notes that you copy, and a set of notes that you can't understand will obviously not be of much use when it's time to start reviewing them.
- Notes won't contain everything that was covered in the lecture: A copied set of notes, even if they are excellent, is no substitute for going to class. Instructors often present examples and other supplementary information that is essential to understanding the topic, even if it won't appear on a test. Lectures also give you the opportunity to ask questions if you are unclear about something, which isn't an option if you decide to skip class and copy another student's notes instead.


text:
Welcome to Battle Cruiser Squadron (BatCruRon) 96
On behalf of our commanding officer, Commodore James Sena, we'd like to welcome you to the home of BatCruRon 96. We are part of The Royal Manticoran Navy, The Official Honor Harrington Fan Association.
Our squadron's patrol area extends from Oregon to as far north as Alaska, including the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and the Yukon Territory.
If you reside within our patrol area and are looking to join one of our many fine vessels, please visit our Order of Battle to locate a chapter nearest you.
HMS Helen
Hillsboro, Oregon
Picture: "Welcome to Oregon sign" by akampfer


text:
Feud fears rise as suspects in Hutch murder are warned of threats on lives
Two of the four-man gang who are suspected of being involved in the revenge murder of Eddie Hutch have been formally notified by gardai of an imminent threat against their lives.
Associates of Eddie Hutch are aware of these individuals' identities and they are ready to strike back for last week's murder. This feud is not going to die down," a senior source told the Herald last night.
Gardai from Mountjoy and Finglas Garda stations called to the homes of the two criminals last weekend and formally notified them of the "active" threats against their lives.
It is understood that gardai were acting on information that they had been identified and blamed for the Eddie Hutch murder by the same north inner city gang who were behind the shocking Regency Hotel gun attack.
The two under-threat criminals are closely linked to the Christy Kinahan cartel. One of them is suspected of attempting to murder exiled crime boss John Gilligan twice in the space of less than three months, while the other is a chief suspect in the shocking 2006 Baiba Saulite murder case.
The development is sure to increase gangland tensions in the capital after the funeral yesterday of gangster David Byrne (34).
Read More: Priest calls for a 'hero' to end gangland bloodshed
Eddie Hutch (59) was shot dead when four masked gunmen entered into his house on Poplar Row in North Strand (right) shortly before 8pm on Monday night of last week.
It is believed they screamed "That's for David" as they pumped bullets into his head.
Two male relatives from Cabra are also suspected by gardai of being involved in the savage murder of Eddie Hutch along with the two hitmen who have been warned of threats to their lives.
The Cabra relatives are also extremely well known to gardai for involvement in organised crime and previously lost one of their closest associates to a gangland murder.
None of the four criminals who are suspected of the Hutch murder have been arrested and none have left the country.
Gardai have established a number of similarities between the Hutch murder and the slaying of Darren Kearns in Cabra in late December.
READ MORE: 'Monk' didn't know of plan to hit gang at the Regency
This has led officers to believe that the same gang was responsible for both murders.
Kearns was shot dead in a car being driven by his wife after they left a Chinese restaurant at Blackhorse Avenue on December 30. In both cases, the BMW cars used by the gangsters were not stolen but were bought online.
While the BMW 5 Series car used in the Kearns murder was bought in October, over two months before he was shot dead, the car used in the Hutch murder was purchased in January, only weeks before the killing.
Read More: Mass recalls family man who walked his rabbit Snowy as life of crime is overlooked
Unlike in the murder of Kearns, Hutch's killers failed to burn out the silver BMW 3 Series car they used as their initial escape vehicle which may have resulted in crucial DNA evidence being found in the car.
When they dumped the BMW, they left the scene at St Patrick's Parade, in a dark-coloured 4x4 vehicle, possibly a Land Cruiser.
The Hutch killers are also suspects for the botched murder of David 'Daithi' Douglas on November 8.
Related Content
- Priest calls for a 'hero' to end gangland bloodshed
- 'Monk' didn't know of plan to hit gang at the Regency
- Mass recalls family man who walked his rabbit Snowy as life of crime is overlooked