text:
|Method and apparatus for performing job recovery in a reproduction machine
|Gauronski et al.
|Industrial control system with interconnected remotely located computer control units
|Hardware virtualizer for supporting recursive virtual computer systems on a host computer system
|Concurrent task and instruction processor and method
|Gilliland et al.
|Multiprocessor numerical control system
|Bernard et al.
|Apparatus for detecting when the activity of one process in relation to a common piece of information interferes with any other process in a multiprogramming/multiprocessing computer system
|Process for controlling operation of and data exchange between a plurality of individual computers with a control computer
|Kober et al.
|Dual microprocessor intelligent programmable process control system
|Bunyard et al.
|Reproduction machine with different operating programs
|Serial data communication system for a reproduction machine
|Daughton et al.
|Numerical control system with downloading capability
|Toke et al.
|Multi-computer system
|Method and means for altering the states of control signals in an on-line control system
|Process management structures and hardware/firmware control
|Dufond et al.
|Machine control system employing a programmable machine function controller
|Schubeler et al.
|Database instruction unload
|Bachman et al.
|Polymorphic programmable units employing plural levels of phased sub-instruction sets
|Faber et al.
|Polymorphic programmable units employing plural levels of sub-instruction sets
|Faber et al.
|System and method for concurrent and pipeline processing employing a data driven network
|Barton et al.
|Multi-processor data processing system
|Hauck et al.
|Zucker et al.
|Hauck et al.
|Kurtzberg et al.
|Beyers et al.
executing an operating system instruction,
upon completion of each operating instruction, acknowledging a first command to service an interrupt, and
upon a given time period, acknowledging another command to close out the acceptance of interrupt signals allowing for the execution of the next operating system instruction to continue control of the operating components whereby after the completion of each operating instruction, there is a brief time period interrupt window in which internal requests or interrupts from the internal control of the electrostatographic machine can be serviced.
This invention relates to an electronic control, in particular to a control manager for handling system interrupts.
For further information relating to this application, reference is made to the following companion U.S. patent applications filed to the common assignee U.S. Ser. No. 420,965 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,589,090), Remote Process Crash Recovery; U.S. Ser. No. 420,988, Process Scheduler in an Electronic Control; U.S. Ser. No. 420,991, Distributed Processing Environment Fault Isolation; U.S. Ser. No. 420,992, Common Control in Multiple Processors By Chaining Tasks; U.S. Ser. No. 420,993 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,156), Virtual Machine Control; U.S. Ser. No. 420,994, Task Control Manager; U.S. Ser. No. 420,995 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,521,847), Control System Job Recovery After a Malfunction; U.S. Ser. No. 420,999, Separate Resetting of Processors in a Multiprocessor Control; U.S. Ser. No. 421,006 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,550,382), Filtered Inputs; U.S. Ser. No. 421,007 (now abandoned), Multiprocessor Control Synchronization and Instruction Downloading; U.S. Ser. No. 421,008, Multiprocessor Memory Map; U.S. Ser. No. 421,009, Changing Portions of Control in a ROM Based System; U.S. Ser. No. 421,010 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,532,584), Race Control Suspension; U.S. Ser. No. 421,011 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,514,846), Control Fault Detection for Machine Recovery and Diagnostics Prior to Malfunction; U.S. Ser. No. 421,016 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,580,232), Single Point Microprocessor Reset; and U.S. Ser. No. 421,615, Control Crash Diagnostics.
Interrupts in a machine control system are asynchronous events which cause the control system to suspend the immediate operation or original task and vector to a certain section of code. Since the original task or code that was executing was in the middle of an atomic operation or operating system instruction, it is often necessary for the control system to spend a significant amount of time saving status so that it can return to the original task. Often times the saving of information and maintaining status can be a time consuming and inefficient operation in a control involving various interrupts. It would be desirable, therefore, to provide an interrupt system that minimizes the amount of time needed to save status and to respond to various interrupts.
In general, prior art controls are a combination of hardware and software. Usually, the hardware forms the base of control, comprising at least one microprocessor and various other logic controls to handle functions such as interrupts, communications and timing. Superimposed on the hardware configuration is the controlling software. Often the software comprises several blocks of software modules, also handling various functions such as the interrupts, the communications and the timing.
A difficulty, however, with the prior art control systems is that often the software is extremely complex due to the limited range of the instruction set of the underlying hardware. It would be desirable, therefore, to be able to customize the underlying microprocessor instruction set to a specific application. That is, it would be desirable to extend the instruction set of the resident microprocessor.
As control functions become standardized, instruction sets can be extended by implementing in hardware functions that were previously implemented in software. However, hardware modification is often costly and time consuming. Other problems of prior art controls have been the difficulty of supporting a high level concurrent language, a lack of modularity in the control kernel, a general lack of powerful constructs or mechanisms, and a lack of an effective structure to support interpretive interface. It would be desirable, also, to provide a machine control that is flexible and more comprehensible to a programmer uninterested in machine details. In other words, it would be desirable to provide a control that cloaks the machine, effectively insulating the machine applications programmer from hardware involvement.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved interrupt control. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an interrupt manager that is isolated from the underlying microprocessor, and provides an extension of the instruction set of the underlying microprocessor hardware. It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an interrupt manager that suspends an interrupt until after completion of an atomic operation to minimize the necessity of saving status.
Further advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the following description proceeds, and the features characterizing the invention will be pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.
Briefly, the present invention is an interrupt manager for servicing interrupts. An interrupt is performed only after an atomic operation (Operating System instruction) is completed. After completion of each operating system instruction, a first command immediately allows any interrupt to be serviced. A second command then immediately closes out any interrupts, allowing for the execution of the next operating system instruction.
For a better understanding of the present invention reference may be had to the accompanying drawings wherein the same reference numerals have been applied to like parts and wherein:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a reproduction machine typical of the type of machine or process that can be controlled in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the control boards for controlling the machine of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 illustrates a second level of control architecture;
FIG. 4 is an illustration of the relationship of the first and second levels of control;
FIG. 5 illustrates the communication hardware resident on each of the control boards shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 represents a prior art configuration of the hardware/software relationship to control communications and timing between control boards;
FIG. 7 represents the configuration of FIG. 6 with selected software modules replaced by the silicon macros Shared Logic Controller SLC and Small Programmable Controller SPC;
FIG. 8 represents the configuration of FIG. 7 with selected software modules replaced by a timer manager and a commmunication manager;
FIGS. 9a and 9b show in more detail the SPC macro shown in FIG. 7;
FIGS. 10a and 10b are illustrations of the exchange of information between one controller board and another controller board, in particular, showing the communication command buffers, the state registers and the communication packet format;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the interrupt scheme according to one aspect of the present invention; and
FIG. 12 shows in more detail the PIC macro shown in FIG. 11.
For more details of the timing, reference is made to Copending Application U.S. Ser. No. 420,993, incorporated herein.
With reference to FIG. 1, there is shown an electrophotographic printing or reproduction machine employing a belt 10 having a photoconductive surface. Belt 10 moves in the direction of arrow 12 to advance successive portions of the photoconductive surface through various processing stations, starting with a charging station including a corona generating device 14. The corona generating device charges the photoconductive surface to a relatively high substantially uniform potential.
The charges portion of the photoconductive surface is then advanced through an imaging station. At the imaging station, a document handling unit 15 positions an original document 16 facedown over exposure system 17. The exposure system 17 includes lamp 20 illuminating the document 16 positioned on transport platen 18. The light rays reflected from document 16 are transmitted through lens 22. Lens 22 focuses the light image of original document 16 onto the charged portion of the photoconductive surface of belt 10 to selectively dissipate the charge. This records an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductive surface corresponding to the informational areas contained within the original document.
Platen 18 is mounted movably and arranged to move in the direction of arrows 24 to adjust the magnification of the original document being reproduced. Lens 22 moves in synchronism therewith so as to focus the light image of the original document 16 onto the charged portion of the photoconductive surface of belt 10.
Document handling unit 15 sequentially feeds documents from a holding tray, in seriatim, to platen 18. The document handling unit recirculates documents back to the stack supported on the tray. Thereafter, belt 10 advances the electrostatic latent image recorded on the photoconductive surface to a development station.
At the development station a pair of magnetic brush developer rollers 26 and 28 advance a developer material into contact with the electrostatic latent image. The latent image attracts toner particles from the carrier granules of the developer material to form a toner powder image on the photoconductive surface of belt 10.
After the electrostatic latent image recorded on the photoconductive surface of belt 10 is developed, belt 10 advances the toner powder image to the transfer station. At the transfer station a copy sheet is moved into contact with the toner powder image. The transfer station includes a corona generating device 30 which sprays ions into the backside of the copy sheet. This attracts the toner powder image from the photoconductive surface of belt 10 to the sheet.
The copy sheets are fed from a selected one of trays 34 to 36 to the transfer station. After transfer, conveyor 32 advances the sheet to a fusing station. The fusing station includes a fuser assembly for permanently affixing the transferred powder image to the copy sheet. Preferably, fuser assembly 40 includes a heated fuser roller 42 and backup roller 44 with the sheet passing between fuser roller 42 and backup roller 44 with the powder image contacting fuser roller 42.
After fusing, conveyor 46 transports the sheets to gate 48 which functions as an inverter selector. Depending upon the position of gate 48, the copy sheets will either be deflected into a sheet inverter 50 or bypass sheet inverter 50 and be fed directly onto a second gate 52. Decision gate 52 deflects the sheet directly into an output tray 54 or deflects the sheet into a transport path which carries them on without inversion to a third gate 56. Gate 56 either passes the sheets directly on without inversion into the output path of the copier, or deflects the sheets into a duplex inverter roll transport 58. Inverting transport 58 inverts and stacks the sheets to be duplexed in a duplex tray 60. Duplex tray 60 provides intermediate or buffer storage for those sheets which have been printed on one side for printing on the opposite side.
In order to complete duplex copying, the previously simplexed sheets in tray 60 are fed seriatim by bottom feeder 62 back to the transfer station for transfer of the toner powder image to the opposed side of the sheet. Conveyers 64 and 66 advance the sheet along a path which produces a sheet inversion. The duplex sheets are then fed through the same path as the previously simplexed sheets to be stacked in tray 54 for subsequent removal by the printing machine operator.
Invariably after the copy sheet is separated from the photoconductive surface of belt 10, some residual particles remain adhering to belt 10. These residual particles are removed from the photoconductive surface thereof at a cleaning station. The cleaning station includes a rotatably mounted fibrous brush 68 in contact with the photoconductive surface of belt 10. A controller 38 and control panel 86 are also illustrated in FIG. 1. The controller 38, as represented by dotted lines, is electrically connected to the various components of the printing machine.
With reference to FIG. 2, there is shown a first level of control architecture of controller 38 illustrated in FIG. 1. In particular, there is shown a Central Processing Master (CPM) control board 70 for communicating information to and from all the other control boards, in particular the Paper Handling Remote (PHR) control board 72 controlling the operation of all the paper handling subsystems such as paper feed, registration and output transports.
Other control boards are the Xerographic Remote (XER) control board 74 for monitoring and controlling the xerographic process, in particular the digital signals; the Marking and Imaging Remote (MIR) control board 76 for controlling the operation of the optics and xerographic subsystems, in particular the analog signals. A Display Control Remote (DCR) control board 78 is also connected to the CPM control board 70 providing operation and diagnostic information on both an alphanumeric and liquid crystal display. Interconnecting the control boards is a shared communication line 80, preferably a shielded coaxial cable or twisted pair similar to that used in a Xerox Ethernet® Communication System. For a more detailed explanation of an Ethernet® Communication System, reference is made to Copending Applications U.S. Ser. No. 205,809, now abandoned; U.S. Ser. No. 205,822, now abandoned and U.S. Ser. No. 205,821, now abandoned, all filed Nov. 10, 1980 and incorporated herein as references.
Other control boards can be interconnected to the shared communication line 80 as required. For example, a Recirculating Document Handling Remote (RDHR) control board 82 (shown in phantom) can be provided to control the operation of a recirculating document handler. There can also be provided a not shown Semi-Automatic Document Handler Remote (SADHR) control board to control the operation of a semi-automatic document handler, a not shown Sorter Output Remote (SOR) control board to control the operation of a sorter, and a not shown Finisher Output Remote (FOR) control board to control the operation of a stacker and stitcher.
Each of the controller boards preferably includes an Intel 8085 microprocessor with suitable RAM and ROM memories. Also interconnected to the CPM control board is a Master Memory Board (MMB) 84 with suitable ROMs to control normal machine operation and a control panel board 86 for entering job selections and diagnostic programs. Also contained in the CPM board 70 is suitable nonvolatile memory. All of the control boards other than the CPM control board are generally referred to as remote control boards.
In a preferred embodiment, the control panel board 86 is directly connected to the CPM control board 70 over a 70 line wire and the memory board 84 is connected to the CPM control board 70 over a 36 line wire. Preferably, the Master Memory Board 84 contains 56K byte memory and the CPM control board 70 includes 2K ROM, 6K RAM, and a 512 byte nonvolatile memory. The PHR control board 72 includes 1K RAM and 4K ROM and preferably handles 29 inputs and 28 outputs. The XER control board 74 handles 24 analog inputs and provides 12 analog output signals and 5 digital output signals and includes 4K ROM and 1K RAM. The MIR board 76 handles 13 inputs and 17 outputs and has 4K ROM and 1K RAM.
As illustrated, the PHR, XER and MIR boards receive various switch sensor information from the printing machine and provide various drive and activation signals, such as to clutches and lamps in the operation of the printing machine. It should be understood that the control of various types of machines and processes are contemplated within the scope of this invention. For further information on the control reference is made to Copending application Ser. No. 420,993, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,156 and Copending application Ser. No. 421,007, still pending incorporated herein.
With reference to FIG. 3, the Operating System is presented with a plurality of Directives 98. These directives call upon one or more decoders or Instruction Modules 100. In turn, the Instruction Modules 100 invoke one or more Primitives. In particular, the Primitives are a Scheduler Manager 102, a Task Manager 104, a Data Base Manager 106, a Timer Manager 108 and a Communication Manager 110. In turn, the Primitives communicate with the various microprocessors 98a, 98b through the macros 114, the assembly language 116 and the microcode 118 of the microprocessors 98a, 98b. The invoking of Instruction Modules and Primitives is illustrated in FIG. 3 by the solid lines connecting the Directives (98), Instruction Modules (100) and Primitives (102, 104, 106, 108, 110). It should be noted that each of the microprocessors 98a and 98b is suitably connected to suitable RAM and ROM memories as well as with other microprocessors.
Directives corresponding to macros in a physical machine (microprocessor) architecture are top level of the operating control. The Directives illustrated generally as 96a shield the Operating System structure from changes in the compiler, allow for changes in the Operating System internal structure and abstract out from the compiler unnecessary Operating System details. Instruction Modules illustrated generally as 96b and Primitives illustrated generally as 96c make up the Operating System. Instruction Modules are the middle level and correspond to assembly language instructions in a physical machine. They are the smallest executable, nonpreemptive unit in the virtual machine. Preemption is similar to a physical machine interrupt capability except that a physical machine allows basically two concurrent processes or tasks (foreground or background) whereas the virtual machine allows an almost unlimited number of tasks executing in one or more physical processors.
The Primitives are the lowest level in the Operating System. They correspond to the microcode of a microprocessor. It is the function of the Primitives to implement the basic building blocks of the Operating System on a microprocessor and absorb any changes to the microprocessor. In general, Directives call upon one or more Instruction Modules which in turn invoke one or more of the Primitives to execute a task or process.
Preferably, the Instruction Modules 100 and the Primitives 102, 104, 106, 108 and 110 comprise software in silicon. However, it should be understood that it is within the scope of the present invention to implement the Instruction Modules and Primitives in hardware. They are building blocks in an overall control system. In particular, the Instruction Modules and Primitives generally provide a set of real time, multitasking functions that can be used generically across different implementations of the microprocessors. In a machine or process control, the Instruction Modules and Primitives are extensions of the instruction set of the microprocessor. The micrprocessor with its original set of Instruction Modules acts as a kernel, and the software and silicon or firmware acts as a shell.
The machine control can be viewed as a nesting or overlay of successively higher levels of control as shown in FIG. 4. At the lowest level, is the microprocessor or controller responding to the microcode, assembly language and macros. Overlaying this physical machine is the virtual machine comprising the Primitives and Instruction Modules responding to Directives. In effect, the Primitives break down the high level Directives and Instruction Modules into a level for the microprocessor to perform.
An Instruction Module 100 in the operating system is known as a slice and one Instruction Module is given 500 microseconds to execute. The Instruction Modules are the smallest executable nonpreemptive units in the virtual machine. Preemption is similar to the microprocessor interrupt capability except that a microprocessor allows basically two concurrent processes (foreground and background). On the other hand, the virtual machine or Operating System allows an almost unlimited number of executions of concurrent processes or tasks in one or more of the microprocessors.
That is, the Operating System can begin several tasks in sequence by using the START instruction. Once each task is activated, it must wait its turn to have its next instruction executed. However, many tasks are active at the same time and being executed concurrently. By a process or task is merely meant any block of code that is executed by a microprocessor. These blocks of code provide computations, housekeeping or direct control of the process or machine under control.
The Primitives are the lowest level in the Operating System. Primitives do not allow for implicit preemption and it is the function of the Primitives to implement the basic building blocks of the Operating System on a physical machine (microprocessor) and absorb any changes to the physical machine. Each of the Primitives is further broken down into sublevels known as primitive operations to carry out the operations of the particular manager.
The portion of the Operating System residing in the CPM board 70 is known as the Dynamic Operating System (DOS). As an example of memory allocation, in the CPM board 70, there is preferably 6K bytes of RAM for tables, 8K bytes of ROM for the Operating System, and 48K bytes of ROM for the application programs.
The Operating System sets up various RAM tables throughout the system. Portions of the RAM associated with each of the control boards are allocated space for various initializing and run time control information of the Operating System. Each of the Primitives is responsible for maintaining information in the RAM necessary to synchronize and coordinate the overall control of the machine or process. For example, the Scheduler Manager 102 sets up a table in RAM preferably on the CPM board 70 defining the sequence or schedule of the completing of tasks or processes. It determines the priority of execution of the various scheduled tasks. A task or process that has been suspended or is waiting is not scheduled. However, once the event occurs that the task is waiting for, the task is then scheduled for execution.
The Task Control Manager 104 is the Primitive that keeps track of the status of a particular process or task. It determines how the various operations are to be performed. For example, a particular task may require several Instruction Modules invoking many different Primitive operations. The Task Control Manager keeps a table in RAM on appropriate control boards of the status of each of the tasks. The Data Base Manager keeps track of the variables or constants or other information that are required to complete a task. This data is stored in a portion of RAM called a stack associated with each of the tasks.
Thus, for each task to be completed, the task itself must be scheduled by the Scheduler Manager 102, the status of the particular task is kept track of by the Task Control Manager 104 and any data required to complete the task is provided by the Data Base Manager 106. The Timer Manager 108 Primitive provides the necessary timing control for each task and the Communications Manager 110 Primitive provides the communications between the various control boards, preferably over a shared line.
As an example of how the Operating Systems operates, it is often required in the control of the printing machine to suspend or delay an operation for a set period of time. If a delay of 200 milliseconds is required, a Directive WAITR; 200 is used. This Directive invokes the Instruction Module $WAIT in turn invoking the Primitive operations:
EXECUTE NEXT TASK which provide a 200 millisecond delay.
That is, an operation application code (control code in ROM) calls in a Directive. The Directive invokes one or more Instruction Modules 100. For example, if the application code calls in a WAIT DIRECTIVE, the WAIT Instruction Module will be invoked.
In turn, the WAIT Instruction Module will invoke the Timer Mananger and Scheduler Manager which in turn provide the Primitive operation to complete the task. Once the WAIT Directive has been disseminated to the proper Primitives for execution, the Instruction Module can accept another Directive.
Essential to the Operating System control is a set of processes or tasks that can be executed. The control of the printing machine is dependent upon the proper scheduling and timely execution of these tasks. The activation of lamps, clutches, motors and response to various sensors and conditions is accomplished through the completion of the predetermined tasks. A given number of tasks are active at any one time and the Operating System concurrently executes these active tasks. Many tasks are related to other tasks. The Operating System supports full process control by means of Instruction Modules that invoke a process or task and maintain a thread of control with that process or invoke a task and maintain no linkages. Therefore, various Instruction Modules or procedures are provided by the Operating System to maintain links between related tasks.
Thus, a START instruction or procedure spawns a completely independent task while a FORK procedure spawns a related task termed a Child. This Child becomes a member of the invoking task's family, also known as the Parent. Whenever a task is invoked by another task through a CALL procedure, the CALLing task is suspended (though still active) and the CALLed task becomes an active Child of the CALLing task.
With reference to FIG. 5, there is shown the communication hardware resident on each of the controller boards 70, 72, 74, 76, 78 and 82 for communication over the shared line 80. In particular, there is illustrated a Shared Line Controller (SLC) 120, a Small Programmable Controller (SPC) or Timer 122, a Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) 124 and a bus controller 126 connected to an internal bus 128 on the SLC 120. The bus controller 126 connects the communication hardware with the external bus 128, the Intel 8085 microprocessor 130, Random Access Memory 132 and Read Only Memory 134 resident on each of the controller boards. The Shared Line Controller (SLC) 120 further comprises a Shared Line Transmitter 136 and associated input/output processor 138 interconnected to the shared line 80 and the internal bus 128 and a Shared Line Receiver 140 with associated input/output processor 142, also connected to the shared line 80 and the internal bus 128.
The Shared Line Receiver (SLR) 140 and the Shared Line Transmitter (SLT) 136 are silicon macros for serial communications on the shared line 80. The communication scheme uses the principles of the Xerox Ethernet system. The Shared Line Transmitter SLT 136 under the control of the input/output processor 138 converts parallel data from RAM 132 to serial bits and places them on the shared line 80. The Shared Line Receiver (SLR) 140 reverses the process and also monitors the shared line 80 for activity.
The SLR 140 in general detects a carrier on the line and notifies its associated SLT 136. This causes the SLT 136 to defer transmitting until the line is quiet. The SLR 140 also detects a collision on the line, meaning that another station is also attempting to transmit. It then notifies its associated SLT 136 to absorb its own transmission and jams the line long enough to be certain that all SLRs 140 on the line have detected the condition. The SLR 140 also matches the destination address at the head of the incoming message to its own identification address. In addition, it recognizes the address designated for broadcast to all receivers. If the SLR 140 is in the promiscuous mode (instructed to receive all messages), it accepts the bit serial message, performs a cyclic redundancy checksum, converts the message to bit parallel data, and passes the data via associated I/O processor to RAM 132.
The use of the SLR/SLT pairs permits packets of digital data to be communicated among control boards. This communication enables control boards in various parts of the machine or a set of machines to supervise a local function while maintaining coordination with other control boards. Each SLR/SLT station is independent of other stations. There is no central control that might become a bottleneck, so far as access to the shared line 80 is concerned. If two or more stations attempt access at the same time, both "back off" for randomly determined periods of time, so that their next access tries will take place at different times.
Since the SLR/SLT stations are independent of each other, failure of one station does not affect other stations or the shared line. The rest of the system continues to operate without the failed unit. A particular SLR/SLT pair can communicate to any other station on the shared line by using its unique identification address or it can broadcast to all stations by using a common address designated for this purpose.
Each receiver ignores communications not addressed (or broadcast) to it, except that, in the promiscuous mode, a receiver can intercept all messages. Thus, a designated receiver can be employed to provide a record of all activity on the shared line for use in troubleshooting. The shared line 80 is the medium for communicating among a number of control boards, each containing a processor. The shared line itself is preferably a twisted pair, although other media, such as coaxial cable, can be employed. The shared line is accessed by the Shared Line Receiver 140 and the Shared Line Transmitter 136 on each control board. The message is a bit-serial digital data packet, preceded by a start bit, destination address, and source address.
Control of access to the shared line rests with each receiving and transmitiing station. A station with a message ready to transmit defers to a transmission already in progress. A station may initiate a transmission only when the shared line 80 is clear. The first byte of each message is the destination address and the second byte, the source address. A packet placed on the shared line propagates to all receivers, but is accepted only under the following conditions:
(1) the destination address matches the receiver's identification address, or
(2) the destination address is zero, the address designated by convention for a broadcast message to all receivers, or
(3) the receiver is set to receive all messages.
For one station to be able to defer to another, it must be able to detect the presence of a message on the shared line. In the transmission methods employed, phased encoding, there is at least one transition from one logic level to the other in each bit period. The fact that a message is present, therefore, can be detected every bit period by the occurrence of a transmission.
In a system with carrier detection, collisions are minimized, because a transmitter defers accessing the line when it is in use. Thus, collisions can occur only when several stations are waiting for the line to become available and begin transmitting at about the same time it does.
Each operation of the SLR 140 or SLT 136 is determined by a command placed in a Command Control Block (CCB) in RAM 132. The Command Control Block is transferred from RAM 132 to the I/O processor 138 or I/O processor 142, respectively, and is there implemented by means of signals to suitable interfaces. Before a message transfer operation, the identification address in the SLR 140 may be modified and the mode of operation of the SLR 140 or SLT 136 is established. Following the message transfer operation, the SLR 140 or SLT 136 returns status information to its associated processor 138 or 142.
There are various four-bit commands affecting the SLR 140, SLT 136, or both, such as:
Receive Message(0000)--Causes the SLR 140 to receive a message from the shared line 80 bearing the destination address or the broadcast address and to pass it on to an I/O processor 138 buffer.
Load ID Register (1100)--Causes the contents of the location pointed to by the memory address of the Command Control Block (CCB) to be transferred to an identification address register on the SLR 140.
Transmit Message (0101)--Causes the SLT 136 to transmit a message packet of 256 bytes or less, i.e., a message up to the length capable of being specified by a single CCB. In the case of chained CCBs, this command must be contained in the last CCB of the chain.
Transmit Segmented Message (0100)--Causes SLT 136 to transmit as a single message packet the data supplied by a chain of CCBs. The data from the area of memory pointed to by each successive CCB is added contiguously to the data from the previous memory area.
For message reception the byte count in the CCB is normally set to zero, causing an I/O processor 142 byte counter to be initialized at zero count. As a message is received, the byte counter increments. At the end of the message, the byte counter contains and reports the number of bytes received. For message transmission, the byte count in the CCB is normally set to indicate the message length in bytes. As the message is transmitted, an I/O processor 138 byte counter decrements. At the completion of message transmission, the byte counter should have reached a zero count.
In general, prior art communication controls are a combination of hardware and software. FIG. 6 is an illustration of a typical hardware/software configuration. In particular, the hardware, forming the base of the control, comprises a microprocessor and various other logic controls to handle various functions such as interrupts and input/output communication as shown. Superimposed upon this hardware configuration is the controlling software, often comprising several blocks of software modules (illustrated as seven modules) handling various functions such as the interrupts, in the input/output communication and the overall system. The interaction of the software modules is often a function of the underlying hardware and the sophistication and complexity of the control.
As control functions become standardized, it is often desirable to implement, in hardware, functions that previously resided in software, as illustrated in FIG. 7. In particular, the module 1 and module 2 software of the software system of FIG. 6 are now implemented by hardware or chip configurations identified as SPC 122 and SLC 120, also illustrated in FIG. 3. Thus, rather than implementing in software various functions of the control, it is often advantageous to implement in hardware some of these software functions and thus minimize the complexity of the software. In effect, SPC 122 and SLC 120 macros are an extension of the instruction capability of the instruction set of the microprocessor.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, as shown in the next FIG. 8, the Timer Manager 146 and Communication Manager 148 are further extensions of the instruction set of the resident microprocessor. The Timer Manager 146 and Communication Manager 148 are software-on-silicon building blocks to extend the microprocessor instruction set. The Timer Manager and Communications Manager add another layer of control and provide a real time multitask capability. The Timer Manager 146 and Communications Manager 148 further customize the control to a specific application. By extending the instruction set, the control in effect moves closer to the specific application. The Timer Manager and Communication Manager can be viewed as a means of overcoming the shortcomings of a proven architecture in the light of a particular application.
With reference to FIGS. 9a and 9b, there are shown details of the programmable controller SPC or timer 122. The timer 122 comprises various circuits for providing timer interrupts. In particular, with reference to FIG. 9a, there is shown the Real Time Clock (RTC) hardware. A comparator 150, receiving inputs from a global clock 152 and a compare register 154 provides the Real Time Clock interrupt. The compare register 154 holds the desired Real Time Clock data and the global clock 152 receiving oscillator signals through a scaler 156 provides a continuous Real Time Clock pulse. Once the global clock 152 counts up to the values stored in the compare register 154, the comparator provides the interrupt signal.
There is also shown the Machine Clock interrupt hardware in FIG. 9b. In particular, the register 160 holds the desired Machine Clock delay or time period. The Machine Clock pulses, MCLK, are counted in an up counter 162. The comparator 164 receives the signal from the up counter 162 and the signal from the register 160 and upon determining equality, the comparator 164 provides the Machine Clock interrupt signal.
For example, assume the Real Time Clock hardware is instructed to wait 100 milliseconds. Since the Real Time Clock is continually counting Real Time Clock pulses, at the time of this instruction, there is already a Real Time Clock value stored in the global clock 152. Assuming there is a count of 1000 stored in the global clock 152 and a delay of 100 milliseconds is requested, the 100 will be added to the 1000 and a result stored in the compare register 154. These procedures are done under the direction of the Timer Manager 146. Once the count 1100 has been stored in the compare register 154, the Timer Manager 146 will suspend this particular task and vector control to another task within the control system needing execution. However, once the global clock 152 counts up to 1100, the comparator 150 will read the correspondence between the global clock and the compare register and generate the Real Time Clock interrupt to proceed with the execution of the task waiting for the 100 millisecond delay. At this point, the Timer Manager 146 will go on to another task.
A Machine Clock interrupt operates in a similar manner. Assume, for example, there is an instruction to wait 200 machine clocks to perform a specific task. Since the up counter 162 is continually counting Machine Clock pulses, there will at this time already be a count in the up counter 162, for example, a count of 500. The value in the up counter 500 plus the 200 machine clock delay count will be added together and the result placed in the register 160. Thus, a count of 700 will be placed in the register 160. Once the up counter 162 counts up to the value in the register 160, in this case 700, the comparator 164 will generate the Machine Clock interrupt to proceed to the task waiting for the 200 machine clock delay. These operations are under control at the Timer Manager.
Now assume, for example, that after 100 machine clock counts, that is the up counter 162 is up to a count of 600, a request is received for a 50 machine clock suspension. This suspension, therefore, would terminate after 650 total machine clock pulses in the up counter 162. This count will be reached prior to the 700 machine count required for the first suspension request. To handle this type of operation, the Timer Manager 146 merely takes the 600 count already in the up counter and adds the 50 machine clock count to the first of the interrupts to be provided. Once the count of 650 has been reached, a Machine Clock interrupt signal is generated to execute the task waiting for the 50 machine clock delay. However, at this point, the first requested suspension for a 200 machine clock delay still needs an additional 50 machine clock pulses to proceed with the execution of that task. Therefore, the Timer Manager takes the present value in the up counter 162 and adds the additional 50 to the up counter for a total of 700 and places this value in the register 160. Upon reaching 700, a Machine Clock interrupt signal will be generated to execute the task waiting for the 200 machine clock delay.
The Timer Manager 146 generally controls the time suspension of tasks. As shown, the current value of a global clock or up counter is added to the task suspend interval. This interval is then loaded into a register and a comparator looks for the equivalents of the value in the counter and the register. The equivalents then generates the desired interrupt signal.
Generally, tasks are suspended for the following reasons:
(1) The task is waiting for an input, that is, a register finger or a front panel command, a pitch reset, the sensing of paper path switches, interlock sensors, and any other switch or sensor.
(2) A timed suspension on either the Real Time Clock or the Machine Clock.
(3) A condition waiting for the first of several events to become true.
The Timer Manager establishes various status information in RAM locations. In particular, the Timer Manager uses a two-celled singly linked list to maintain information on all suspended tasks. One of the cells contains the task suspend duration while the other cell contains the link to the task with a greater or equal suspend time duration. The last task on the list points to a list header. A list header pointing to itself implies an empty list.
The Timer Manager uses various commands to perform these functions. In particular,
Handles various errors and displays them, e.g. unknown commands, task not suspended, etc.
Generates code to read timer hardware and store values in appropriate registers.
Generates code to read appropriate registers and store the values read into the hardware registers.
Depending on the base specified, this macro then selects either
$UR-TD-START-MC or $UR-TD-START-RTC to start a task's suspend request.
Works on all type-dependent(where type is either MC for Machine Clock or RTC for Real Time Clock) variables then calls $UR-TD-START to start the task's suspend request.
Is used by the two procedures above. It links the task into the appropriate table and sets a flag indicating whether the new task ended up at the head of the table.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the Communication Manager 148 performs various functions to receive data from the shared line 80 and to transmit data on the shared line. For example, the Communication Manager 148 checks the type of contents in a "Present" receiver buffer. If the contents of the buffer is a message, the Communication Manager sets a condition false. If the contents of the buffer is an acknowledgement, the Timer Manager 146 sets a condition true, if the acknowledgement is the expected one. It does this by comparing a message history descriptor contained in the acknowledgement to one in a temporary byte register.
The Communication Manager also examines the "next" receiver buffer. If it is not empty, a condition false is set to establish the "present" receiver buffer to be the "next" receiver buffer descriptor. The Communication Manager also updates the "next" receiver buffer and initializes the received message by byte count. It also stores the ID of the message in a first temporary register 1 and stores the staus of the message into a second temporary register 2.
The Communication Manager also handles retransmitted messages in the following manner. It checks a message history descriptor byte in the "present" receiver buffer and the saved sequence number from the last message from the same source processor and sets condition true if it is a duplicate message.
In addition, the Communication Manager 148 handles the Command Control Block (CCB) and the Shared Line Receiver State Register and the Shared Line Transmitter State Register. With reference to FIGS. 10a and 10b, the Command Control Block 170 comprises a command byte 171, two buffer address bytes 172, a byte-length byte 173 and a status byte 174. These are locations in RAM associated with the particular processor on a control board. Upon receipt of a command in the Shared Line Receiver State Register 175, the state register will refer to the address of a Command Control Block 170 for further identification of the type of data being received and the locations in RAM where the data is to be stored.
In a similar manner, the Shared Line Transmitter State Register 176 contains the address of a Command Control Block 170. The Command Control Block provides the necessary instructions and address in RAM memory of information to be transmitted onto the shared line 80.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an interrupt is performed only after an atomic operation is completed. An atomic operation is defined as an operation that does not allow for implicit preemption. In a preferred embodiment, the atomic operation is an Operating System Instruction. Therefore, since the Instruction execution is completed, the amount of status that must be saved is minimized, making task switching more efficient. Also, since the Instruction is completed, any variable that two tasks share is always left in a stable state allowing either of the tasks to operate on the variable.
Specifically, after each Operating System Instruction there are two commands. One command immediately allows any interrupts to be serviced. The next command then immediately closes out any interrupts allowing for the execution of the next operating system instruction. In other words, the control selectively turns on or off the acceptance of interrupt signals.
This can be done using the microprocessor hardware itself or, for some interrupts in a preferred embodiment, a programmable interrupt controller is used. Using the microprocessor, in particular the Intel 8085, there can be an enable interrupt signal to open up the 8085 to interrupts, immediately followed by a disable interrupt signal.
Primitive Instructions are used for servicing interrupts. For example,
Error: Task, identified by $FOUND ID, is already scheduled.
Error: $PRIORITY VALUE is not a defined priority level.
Error: No more scheduled tasks possible.
Failure: Found task is not active.
Failure: Current task is not valid.
Explanation: The identified task is queued (i.e. alloted further scheduling considerations). The task's initial allotments for waiting time and execution slice size are determined by $PRIORITY VALUE.
Error: $PRIORITY VALUE is not a defined priority level.
Error: Task identified by $CURRENT ID is not scheduled.
Failure: Current task is not valid.
Failure: Next task is not valid.
Explanation: The current task's scheduling allotments (i.e. waiting time and execution size) are modified to reflect the requested level of $PRIORITY VALUE. A preemptive break opportunity is given and the next task begins execution. If the current task was spooled it is rescheduled.
Error: Current task is not scheduled or spooled.
Error: No more suspensions possible.
Failure: Current task is not valid.
Explanation: The current task is stopped from further execution (i.e. removed from the queue) and placed in suspension. Its scheduling allotments, i.e. waiting time and execution slice size, are increased to the maximum. A preemptive break opportunity is given and the next task begins execution.
With reference to FIG. 11, there is shown the Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) 124 in turn connected to an 8085 microprocessor. Providing input interrupt signals to the PIC 124 are the SPC or timer 122 and the SLC or Shared Line Controller 120. It should be noted that this basic configuration is on all of the control boards as shown in FIG. 2. The registration finger signal and the machine clock pulses are conveyed to the timer 122. For purposes of this description, however, it is only necessary to note that interrupt signals are conveyed from the timer 122 to the PIC 124, in particular, an SPC fail signal, a rate generator signal, a pitch rest signal, a machine clock pulse and a real time clock pulse. Two other interrupts are provided to the PIC 124, a transmission signal and a receive signal interrupt from the SLC 120.
The Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) 124 is basically an LSI macro for use in real time, interrupt driven systems. It manages up to eight vectored priority interrupt requests with built-in features permitting the selective masking of any interrupt level. Specifically, in order of priority, the main interrupts are the (1) Machine Clock, (2) Pitch reset, (3) Real Time Clock (RTC), (4) Transmitter, (5) Rate Generator, (6) Receiver, and (7) SPC failure.
The programmable interrupt Controller 124 accepts interrupt requests, determines which of the incoming requests is of the highest priority, ascertains whether the new request is a higher priority than the one currently being serviced and issues an interrupt to a microprocessor based on this determination.
The Programmable Interrupt Controller 124, after issuing an interrupt to the processor, will vector a program counter to a service routine associated with the requesting interrupt. The Programmable Interrupt Controller does this by providing the processor with a three-byte CALL instruction. Essentially the Programmable Interrupt Controller allows a microprocessor to execute its main program and only stops to service an event when instructed to do so by the Programmable Interrupt Controller input.
In operation, an interrupt sequence is as follows with reference to the FIG. 12:
(1) When any one of the NIR lines is driven low, the edge detect logic 200 will capture the interrupt requests into unique positions representing the specific interrupt level and strobe it into the Interrupt Pending Register (IPR) 206, resulting in the merging of the new interrupt request into the Interrupt Pending Register 206.
(2) The Mask Logic 211 will take the contents of the Interrupt Pending Register 206 and the Interrupt Mask Register (IMR) 210 and determine which pending interrupts can advance to the active state.
(3) Priority Logic (1) 212 will take the highest pending interrupt and determine if it is of a higher priority than the active interrupt currently being serviced. If it is lower than the current active interrupt, the pending interrupt is blocked from advancing to the Interrupt Active Register (IAR) 208. However, if it is higher than the active interrupt currently being serviced, it will send INT to the microprocessor.
(4) The microprocessor will acknowledge the INT by responding with a NINTA. On receiving the NINTA, the highest priority pending interrupt is advanced to the active state and the corresponding bit in Interrupt Active Register 208 is set while the bit in the Interrupt Pending Register 206 is reset. The Programmable Interrupt Controller will release a CALL instruction code onto the eight-bit Data Bus.
(5) This CALL instruction will cause the microprocessor to initiate two more NINTA pulses to be sent back to the Programmable Interrupt Controller.
(6) The first NINTA pulse will cause the Vector Generator 216 to select the appropriate five bits of the interrupt service routine starting address, and concatenate it to the contents of the Interrupt Vector Low (IVL) 220. This eight bits of the least significant half of the routine address, will then be released onto the eight-bit Data Bus.
(7) On receiving the second NINTA pulse, the contents of the Interrupt Vector High (IVH) 218, the eight bits of the most significant half of the routine address will be put onto the Data Bus, thereby completing the three-byte CALL instruction by the Programmable Interrupt Controller.
(8) The Interrupt Active Register 208 bit remains set until an appropriate End-of Interrupt (EOI) command is issued at the end of the interrupt sequence.
While there has been illustrated and described what is at present considered to be a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be appreciated that numerous changes and modifications are likely to occur to those skilled in the art, and it is intended in the appended claims to cover all those changes and modifications which fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.


text:
Rent to Own in Calmar! Find your dream home in Calmar, IA at RentOwn.net. Discover the largest selection of rent to own properties in Calmar quickly and efficiently through RentOwn. We hope you benefited from your visit to RentOwn.net and contact us with any suggestions you have to help make us even better.
Inspect a wide variety of rent to own properties in the wider Calmar area on RentOwn.net, the leader in rent to own directories. RentOwn.net's list of Calmar homes are yours for less than 4 cents a day through our four week trial, which you can cancel at any time. RentOwn.net frequently adds new Calmar homes meaning you'll find the right house at the right price. RentOwn.net's full access database facilitates direct communication with Calmar property sellers enabling you to snare that bargain property before others see it. We trust you liked RentOwn.net, the top Calmar rent to own house provider.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jump City Music
One of my favorite things to do is gig with Jump City Music. I've been performing with Jump City for over a decade and it only gets better and better. Jump City is a premier entertainment agency that's served the Mid-Atlantic region for over fifteen years. They offer best-in class performance ensembles of various sizes and cover a broad range of musical styles including R&B, Funk, Soul, Motown, Rock, Country, Blues, Big Band, Jazz and Latin. Jump City does everything from weddings and private parties, corporate gala events, concert halls and jazz clubs as well as perform for many public and municipal engagements. Seriously fun. Come on out sometime and check out the buzz! Performance dates and more info on their site.


text:
Salad Bowl is a type of green loose-leaf lettuce having deeply lobed leaves. The last time I grew this variety, it was years ago when I had a raised-bed garden. Let's see how it does in the Bucket Hydroponics system.
I will also be comparing 2 different types of fertilizer blends:
1) MasterBlend 4-18-38 + calcium nitrate + magnesium sulfate
2) Jungle Juice 3-part liquid fertilizer (Grow 2-1-6, Bloom 0-5-4, Micro 5-0-1) + calcium nitrate
Mar 29, 2016 = Day 0. Plants started from seed (Bountiful Gardens). Seeds sowed in 1.5-inch rockwool cube in 2-inch net-pot. Moistened with Seedling Blend, a dilute blend of fertilizers. N-P-K (in ppm): 22-12-13.
Mar 31 = Day 2. Plants germinated, placed directly under a fluorescent light (2 ft. T8 bulb, 17W, 6500k) for 16 hours per day.
Apr 7 = Day 9. Thinned to 2 seedlings per net-pot. Installed plants into 11 cup plastic containers with the 2 different types of hydroponic solution:
1) MasterBlend-based Regular-Strength Blend. N-P-K (in ppm): 103-41-168.
2) Jungle Juice Blend. N-P-K (in ppm): 113-35-122.
May 9 = Day 41. Containers are almost empty, and lower leaves are starting to turn yellow, so all the leaves were harvested. Comparing the 2 types of fertilizers, there was no clear winner here; the plant leaves and root systems both looked great. Interestingly, the final pH levels of the solutions were quite different, but the plants did well in both cases, indicating that these Salad Bowl lettuce plants are resilient.
Final Stats:
MasterBlend: Fluid used = 9.75 cups (0.61 gal). Final pH of fluid = 8.0.
Jungle Juice: Fluid used = 9.25 cups (0.58 gal). Final pH of fluid = 5.0.


text:
My whole life I was free to run around and do what I wanted to do. I was free to run and do what I wanted to do! It seems like we all run into accidents in life and then we say "God why did this happen to me? Now I see that God had to break some legs in order to slow us down! Then he picks us up, heals us, and tells us who he created us to be! 10 years ago God broke my legs and started me on this mission. Thank You for the accidents in Life!
Please FOLLOW, LIKE, and SHARE us:


text:
In November 2017 I originally wrote this:
I cried many tears this past weekend. I cried for myself. I cried for my family. I cried for my ancestors.
Tears streamed down my cheeks as I talked about my ancestors history and as I spoke about my birth trauma and postpartum stories. I was embarrassed but soon learned that my embarrassment is not what I should call it. I shall now call my embarrassment, healing, as I learn to be a voice for myself and for other PoC.
Today I am finally sitting down, seven months later, to finish this blog. It's taken me this long because I have been pondering.
First things first this training was different than any other training I'd ever attend. This was strictly for PoC and on top of that Kanaka were honored by being offered a pay what you can scholarship. This training gave us hands on experience to learn about the stages of birth, traditional midwifery expertise, how to feel for babies positioning, traditional Mexican postpartum care and last but not least how to honor your ancestors.
I remember the first day of the training. It was actually a night time training, a meeting for us to gather, do monetary love exchange, blessings and introductions. Much love, pain, experience was shared in this night. Learning where my friends stood, slept and where their paths were leading them. Sumi spoke this night about what "Remembering" meant. And I learned that remembering is just what I was starting to do as a person and as a birth worker. Remembering means that for so long my ancestors had been oppressed and that I am now the vessel who can help bring their voice and traditions back. If I ask my ancestors for guidance they will guide me. They are apart of me of course. So by asking and honoring them, they will lead me.
On a personal level, I am Kanaka Maoli. I grew up in a family that did not have or honor much Hawaiian tradition. In fact since my grandmother was adopted we had lost a lot of our Hawaiian roots, ancestory, language and love for being Hawaiian. My grandmother grew up in a time that being Hawaiian was shame, therefore that trauma continued into future generations. Until myself and a lot of my ohana, I feel we are remembering. We are remembering that we do exist and that we have a voice, a way, traditions, expertise and mana.
The first day of training gave me the power to find my voice to speak to my ancestors, to speak about my culture, to speak about how I identify and to find friends who support my endeavors. The biggest gift has been the ancestral healing.
On day two through four we did all the other hands on training. Here are some pictures from the things we did.
It's been closer to a year since this training. And in this past year I have become very clear on my intent as a person and birth worker. More so as a PoC in the birth working field.
My intent as a birth worker is to hold more space for PoC. This doesn't mean that I won't or don't support white families, because I do. It means that I am working doubly hard to make sure other PoC understand they have a voice and have options regarding pregnancy, birth and postpartum.
I am working to uphold traditional postpartum care on Oahu. I am learning more about my Hawaiian, Chinese and Korean roots. I have been learning about Zuo Yuezi – Chinese Sit In Month, as well as Hawaiian and Korean traditions. My ancestors have truly led me to learn about these things. I asked, they gave, I work my ass off.
Every day I get clearer on my intentions and what I am working towards. For now I host my Ohana Play Dates to help grow a community. The Ohana Play Dates are PoC and LGBTQ+ inclusive. If you can't join us then I hold space for you in my heart.
Here I am. Unapologetic. Remembering. Being guided.
Mahalo Sumi and Panquetzani for your knowledge and empowerment.
I am experiencing remembering. This is called ancestral healing.


text:
Vbet Casino Review
Vbet Casino belongs to VBet gaming network. Founded in 2003, the casino sports an impressive line-up of casino games and slots from various different gaming platforms such as Microgaming, Betsoft, NetEnt, Amaya, NextGen and more. Other offerings of VBet casino include sports betting, skill games and poker. The casino is accessible via both mobile and desktop devices and all games are of instant play type.
The casino is licensed in Curacao and holds ISO/IEC 27001:2013 certificate on Information Security. The casino website offers 24/7 support and accept betting on minor and major leagues, tournaments, cups and other events and sports worldwide.
Vbet uk casino is a treasure trove when it comes to its casino games line-up, which includes diverse varieties of Roulette, Blackjack, Poker and other games.
- Slots: Players frequenting Vbet casino will find an overwhelming choice of games, especially the various different slots including Starburst, Gonzo's quest, Playboy slot, stickers slot, Invisible Man slot, Dracula slot and more. You can find fixed jackpot slots and progressive jackpot slots like Arabian Nights. The site also offers classic slots to satisfy vintage slots fans and high limit slots with bigger bets.
- Table games: The table games collection at Vbet is quite delightful. Members can choose from a wide range of favourite games including baccarat, blackjack, red dog, casino war and roulette. Poker games include Tens or Better, Joker Wild, Deuces Wild and more.
- Live games: Vbet also features live casino games that feature live dealer and good promotional offers.
- Poker: Video poker games at Vbet Casino offer an impressive array of choices ranging from single hand traditional poker games to multiple hand innovative games including Jackpot Poker, Louisiana Double, Joker Poker and others. You can also find instant win games and the simple scratch games here. Apart from video poker vbet offers poker tournaments to play online with a great prize pools.
- Vbet sports is a important section. Vbet is becoming a top bookmaker with a thousands match results to bet on including Premier League, NBA and Champions League.
Vbet mobile
Vbet has mobile apps that support Android and iOS devices. The mobile apps are easy and no download is needed. The mobile app offers 360,000 annual events, 244,550 live events and more than 50 sports types. Virtual sports, live sports video streaming, political events, awards etc. are some of the mobile betting options available via the Sportsbook app. The casino app has over 600 modern and classic pokies and other games including poker, blackjack, roulette, video poker and more.
Vbet Promotion and bonus
VBet casino offers awesome welcome bonuses and promotions for its players on initial deposit. For players who sign up with the site, a sign up bonus of 100% is offered with the maximum amount being €100. The wagering requirement for the casino is 35x for the slots games.
However games such as Roulette, classic and other Blackjack games, Craps, Poker games, Baccarat, Casino war, Video Poker, Parlor games and Sicbo do have different wagering requirements. Reload bonuses include
- 50% bonus on second deposit up to an amount of €150
- 125% bonus on third deposit up to a value of €250
Payment methods
Vbet offers great selection of payments options.
Deposit options: Mastercard, Visa, Skrill, Neteller, Perfect Money, ecoPayz, Jeton, Paysafecard, PugglePay, Bradesco, Itau, Boleto, Bancomer, Banamex, Santadner, OXXO, Moneta Ru, Yandex and AStronPay.
Withdrawal options: Skrill, Muchbetter, Neteller, Moneta.ru, Wire Card, Astro Pay, Paysafecard, Eco Pard, Perfect Money. AstroPayMobile.
Deposits are processed instantly and minimum deposit starts from 1$. Withdrawals are processed within 24 hours. Deposits and withdrawals are free of charge.
Vbet offers live chat, phone and email support for its players. Any information or queries can be made 24/7 to the casino all of which are responded to promptly by the service personnel.
Vbet Casino is one of the popular online casinos that offer a user friendly interface ensuring all players enjoy a pleasant casino atmosphere. The various betting options in addition to casino games make it a highly competitive site attracting players in droves especially slots fans. The mobile platform and enormous selection of different casino games, sports events, awards and others make it a punters' paradise. With proper license and certifications, easy deposit features and bonuses, the site is a haven for casino game lovers and Sportsbook enthusiasts. Vbet casino is a good choice to consider for betting on casino games and sports.


text:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia Treatment in Homeopathy:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous increase in the size of the prostate and is a common condition in men as they get older. It is also known as prostate gland enlargement. It results in the formation of large discrete nodules in the transition zone of the prostate and increases resistance to urine flow from the bladder. If left untreated, BPH can cause bladder, urinary tract or kidney problems. Common signs and symptoms of BPH include.
Why should choose for Homeopathy Treatment?
- Frequent or urgent need to urinate
- Increased frequency of urination at night
- Difficulty starting urination
- Weak urine stream or a stream that stops and starts
- Dribbling at the end of urination
- Straining while urinating
- Inability to completely empty the bladder
A wide variety of treatments are available for enlarged prostate including medication (Alpha blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, Combination drug therapy, and Tadalafil ), minimally invasive therapies and surgery.
Positive Homeopathy's SPECIALITY in dealing with Benign prostatic hyperplasia:
Homeopathic treatment provides a nonsurgical and safe treatment for BPH. Not only dealing with the symptoms of BPH, homeopathic remedies also gets the prostate gland back into the original shape and size. The five best homeopathic remedies for BPH are
- Baryta Carb
- Digitalis
- Staphysagria
- Conium
- Sabal Serrulata
As usual, any homeopathic medication should be used under the supervision of a certified homeopathic practitioner.
If Ignored Where the disease may lead the patient to?
If left untreated, BPH can progress and cause subsequent medical issues. When the bladder does not empty completely, you become at risk for developing urinary tract infections (UTIs). … Benign enlargement of prostate.
Locate Positive Homeopathy clinics / doctors for BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA(BPH) treatment. Click here to Book an Appointment today.
Call Us
Talk to Customer care for an Appointment or any other information


text: Share: Comments Print May 21, 2008 at 9:23 PM Answers, volume five Posted by Bob Payne Here we go with another round. Q: Have the UW coaches tried to use "video conferencing" to get around the so-called Saban rule? A: For those unfamiliar with the premise of the question, here's a good primer on how some schools are trying to work around a new NCAA rule that prevents coaches from visiting high school campuses during the May evaluation period. The word from UW officials is that the Huskies are not doing anything like that at the moment over concerns about what is legal and what isn't. Sounds as if they are going to look into it further to see what may be possible to do next year. Here's a story out of Eugene on the topic that mentions that Oregon didn't do it this year, either, but that Mike Bellotti will also explore ways it could be done in the future Q: Did Brandon Johnson have surgery on the knee he injured during the spring? A: Yes, he had minor arthroscopic surgery and it is expected that he will recover fully in time for the beginning of fall practice. Q: Why can't you guys at The Seattle Times call recruits the way sites like Dawgman.com can? A: We can and we do. There is nothing in the NCAA rules that prohibits media from talking to recruits other than during official visits — the NCAA doesn't want schools to publicize the visits. We are also discouraged from talking with recruits when they are on unofficial visits at practice. But we write all kinds of stories about recruits. We do stories all the time during the high school football season on local kids who are getting recruited by all kinds of schools. We probably don't usually do it in the same manner as the sites that specialize in recruiting, however, usually focusing more on the player's high school career than just on his visits or something (and please don't take that as a criticism of what those sites do in such stories, just pointing out that there is usually a difference. When we write about, say, Jake Heaps, we are doing so for a general audience that we know includes Husky fans, Cougar fans, general sports fans, etc. When Dawgman.com writes about a guy, they know their audience is pretty much Husky fans). For this blog, I do my own interviews of recruits from time-to-time. But because this blog is pretty much a one-man show and it is also in addition to the stuff I do for the paper and the regular web site, I don't have as much time to devote to recruiting as the other sites do. So my plan of attack here has always been to try to keep you up-to-date on the major recruiting happenings — commitments, visits by significant players, updates on guys who have already signed, etc. But on this blog, we're not at the moment going to get into the detail that the "recruiting" sites do. Q: Who is better live — the White Stripes or Bruce Springsteen? A: Having never seen the White Stripes, I have to say Bruce, though I would love to see the Stripes — is it just the two of them in concert or do they bring in others? As for Bruce, I'm ashamed to admit I've only seen him twice — including a couple of months ago in Seattle (other was 2000 in Tacoma). For whatever reason, I just didn't "get" Bruce at first, so while I had the requisite copies of Born to Run and Born in the USA in my record collection, he wasn't a regular on the rotation for a long time, and I just didn't get around to seeing him until that 2000 concert. That show, however, made me a much bigger fan and I now am one of those who goes around bugging people I know by telling them how they really need to listen to this Bruce song, or that one. Among my favorites right now are Crush on You, Lost in the Flood, and The Fever. All for now. Comments


text:
Here's an image I made for a portfolio organized by Joe Lupo at West Virginia University. The portfolio, NOT Approved By The Comics Code Authority, included work by 9 artists who are influenced by comics.
Join the Print Revolution with Print Revolution Red from @speedball_art Pre order at their website. Many other amazing limited edition inks by some of your favorite print artists. Collect them all! Printmaking will never be the same. Viva la revolucion !!! 💥💥💥💥 Updates coming in the next few weeks. #ink #printmaking #reliefprint #linocut #woodcut #prints
If you like contemporary printed matter come on out to the 1st Mini Printed Matter Fest at the new @durhamsupergraphic Warehouse. Located at unit 2220L in the Ample Storage complex - 2240 Dominion Street, Durham NC 27704. Featuring: @matthewtauch @theconcernnewsstand @utilities_included Film Loft film screening to follow at our neighbor @shadowbox_studio #zines #design #posters #magazine #prints #art #printedmatter #zinefest
Diggin' these @krinknyc markers when drawing on film. Most opaque I've ever found. 🔥🔥🔥🔥 #screenprinting #printmaking #opaquemarkers #drawing
COMING SOON! new project space in Durham. Stay tuned for details about a mini 3 hour zine and printed matter fest on 12/19. #makeyourownmagic #zines #alternativespaces #alternativespace #blankwalls #projectspaces @durhamsupergraphic @theconcernnewsstand @matthewtauch @utilities_included
New Printmaking Book
The second edition of my printmaking book (coauthored with Beth Grabowski) is now available. Its published by Laurence King, London. You can also find it on Amazon and other major online book sellers.
Content by Categories
- Carlos Hernandez (2)
- Cartoons (5)
- Cat (2)
- Character (2)
- chupacabra (1)
- Coloring Book (1)
- Dennis McNett (1)
- Devil (2)
- Hand-colored (1)
- Ink (3)
- Jerry's Artarama (1)
- Letterpress (1)
- linocut (32)
- Monsters (11)
- Mural (2)
- Poster (8)
- Print (34)
- Print studios (7)
- Prints (29)
- Relief Prints (5)
- Screenprint (13)
- Skull (14)
- Speedball (3)
- Supergraphic (5)
- T-shirts (2)
- Tattoo (2)
- Tom Huck (3)
- Uncategorized (24)
- Vermillion Editions Ltd. (1)
- Vertical screenprinting (1)
- zombie (5)
Where to buy linoleum
The best place to buy linoleum is Dick Blick. Choose from a variety of pre-cut sizes or by the role. Battleship Gray is best.


text:
J Street dumps money into Wisconsin races
August 3, 2018
[Madison, WI] — J Street – a far-left group that supported liberal foreign policies like Obama's Iran Deal – has been pouring money into Wisconsin during the 2018 election cycle. D.C. Dan Kohl, the liberal candidate in the 6th Congressional District, was one of the founding members of the organization and now benefits directly from the group's support. On top of that, Senator Tammy Baldwin has been relying on J Street funds throughout the election cycle.
"Between D.C. Dan and Senator Baldwin, there are plenty of far-left candidates on the ballot this fall in Wisconsin who will support J Street's dangerous foreign policy agenda," said Alec Zimmerman, spokesman for the Republican Party of Wisconsin. "It's telling that both liberal candidates have decided to tie themselves to a group with such radical policy goals, and is more proof that they're putting liberal special interests ahead of Wisconsin families."
J Street's Pours Money into Wisconsin
- Senator Tammy Baldwin recently reported another $50,000 in bundled contributions from J Street – bringing her total from J Street to over $120,000 on the cycle.
- C. Dan Kohl was the co-founder and former lobbyist at J Street. After he moved back to the 6th Congressional from Washington, Kohl's campaign took XXX in donations from J Street.


text:
One in three adults in England has prediabetes according to a paper published in the British Medical Journal. The number of adults with prediabetes has increased from 11.6% in 2003 to 35.3% in 2011.
The study used data collected by the Health Survey for England (HSE) in England in the years 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2011. All participants were aged 16 and older, provided a blood sample and had not previously been diagnosed with diabetes. Individuals were classified as having prediabetes if glycated haemoglobin was between 5.7% and 6.4%.
Not only did they find that the prevalence rate of prediabetes increased to 35.3% in 2011, but 50.6% of the population who were overweight and ≥40 years of age had prediabetes.
Individuals with greater socioeconomic deprivation were more likely to have prediabetes in 2003 (p=0.0008) and 2006 (p=0.0246), but the relationship was not significant in 2009 (p=0.213) and 2011 (p=0.3153). In logistic regressions controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI and high blood pressure, the second most socioeconomically deprived had a significantly elevated risk of having prediabetes.
"The level of increased diabetes risk has gone up quite steeply, it has been rising in other countries, but it has leapt up faster in England than in the US - it's a big jump really," Professor Richard Baker, one of the report's authors from the University of Leicester, told the BBC [1]. "A lot of people with type-2 diabetes manage their condition very well, but some are unlucky and get severe consequences quickly, it's not a nice disease to have."
Between 5% and 10% of people with pre-diabetes go on to develop type-2 diabetes each year, the researchers said. Approximately 3.2 million people in the UK have type-2 diabetes and the charity Diabetes UK estimates that figure will rise to 5 million by 2025.
To view the paper, please click here [2]


text:
Faithful blog readers, I'm on the road. Kayaking and rock climbing with an ultimate destination of Joshua National Park. I'll have the computer and the camera, I hope to post from the field. (this is totally someone elses photo)
We now have a limited edition release of this single bag lot from Hacienda Santa Rosa on our shelves. Yep, Gustavo only had about 150 lbs worth of yield and we got it all. It's a new micro plot surrounded and isolated by forest corridors on all sides. This plot has similar elevation to Buena Esperanza. High nitrogen soil and it's planted under the existing rustic hardwood canopy. This is a beautiful plot and a beautiful coffee. Available at @barismo171 and @barismo364.
3 years ago


text:
A Thousand Little Wishes Dress
- Description
- Reviews
If ever a vintage dress gives your little girl butterflies inside, this will be it! This modest dress has been crafted of high-quality, custom black and white laces that pair beautifully, for a dress that's straight out of her dreams. A compliment-inducing V-pattern falls into a gorgeous double-ruffle hi-lo hem. Sleeves are embellished with dainty ruffles. Back zipper.
Please note: These measurements are approximate, not exact.
How to Measure: https://daintyjewells.com/size-chart/


text:
The Best Way To Keep Your Yoga Mat Clean
Yoga is one of the most popular ways to stay in shape these days, and for many good reasons. It's low impact, incredibly calming, and proven to help us stay youthful and happy. Plus, yoga doesn't require a bunch of specialized equipment. All you really need is some workout clothes and a yoga mat. And since you only need a couple of things, it's important to keep them well-maintained and clean. Here are a few tips for keeping your yoga mat clean and smelling fresh so you can get the most out of your yoga sessions.
Do it Every Time You Use It
While you may not be able to see it, bacteria loves to grow on yoga mats. The reasoning is simple: yoga mats often provide the dark and moist environment they need to flourish. Since most people stick their yoga mats in their bags right after their yoga sessions, leaving them in their until the next class, your mat can easily become a breeding ground for dangerous microorganisms. That's why you should clean your mat after every single use.
Keep Your Mat Well-Aired
Once you've cleaned your mat, preferably immediately after using it or the second you come home from class, it's best to let it breathe in the open air. This helps keep bacteria from breeding, but also lets it air out any leftover moisture. Many people store their yoga mat under their beds or hanging in their laundry room, both places are great for keeping it fresh while staying out of the way. If you can find a place to air out your mat after using it, even if it's only for a few hours, it can help your yoga mat say fresh and clean.
Use Natural Products
While there are plenty of yoga mat cleaners out there that will eradicate bacteria, many of them contain harmful chemicals that can irritate your skin. And since yoga should be relaxing and challenging, keeping skin irritation to an absolute minimum is important for getting the most out of your yoga classes. This is where hydrosols with antibacterial and antimicrobial properties are absolutely essential to cleaning your mat. Look for all natural hydrosols like witch hazel and lavender, both of which can help eliminate bacteria before it causes any problems. If you mix these hydrosols with some of your favourite scents, like our rose hydrosol, your mat will not only be clean, but smell like a beautiful garden after every time you use your own cleaner.
Yoga is a wonderful activity that can be ruined by a bad-smelling or dirty mat. If you love yoga, be sure to keep your mat well-maintained by using natural products like hydrosols. Not only can they eliminate harmful bacteria and microorganisms that may be growing on your yoga mat, but they can also give your mat a wonderful smell.


text:
LEWISTON, Maine -- The Bates football team looks to build upon the strides made in a deceptively competitive 31-7 loss to Williams last Saturday, as the Bobcats host Wesleyan on Garcelon Field this Saturday, Oct. 13.
One of the stronger programs in the NESCAC in recent history, Wesleyan began the 2018 season with a 52-21 stomping of Middlebury. But the next two weeks brought losses to Tufts (16-13) and Hamilton (33-29). The Cardinals hope their road win at Colby last week has them back on track to another winning season.
Wesleyan has the third most potent passing in the offense after four games, with an average of 193.3 yards through the air, including seven touchdowns. The well-balanced offense ranks fifth in the league in rushing (173.3 yards per game). They rank first in the NESCAC in third-down conversions (51%).
Defensively, the Cardinals have struggled against the pass, averaging a league-worst 227 yards allowed through the air (Bates is seventh in that category at 201.0), but they have held the opposition to only 78.3 rushing yards per game.
The host Bobcats are celebrating Teacher Appreciation Day at the game.
What: Wesleyan (2-2) at Bates (0-4)
When: Saturday, Oct. 13, 1 p.m.
Where: Garcelon Field (Lewiston, Maine)
All-Time Series: Wesleyan leads 32-4
Previous Meeting: Williams 41, Bates 23 (Oct. 14, 2017 in Middletown, Conn.)
Wesleyan downed Colby 28-20 last Saturday in Waterville, Maine, as quarterback Mark Piccirillo passed for 166 yards and two touchdowns and ran for 103 yards and a touchdown. The win is the ninth-straight over the Mules, with Colby's last win coming in 2009.
Piccirillo threw a 20-yard touchdown pass to Glenn Smith to give Wesleyan a 7-0 advantage with 4:36 remaining in the first.
The Cardinals added to their lead when they went nine plays for 80 yards over as 3:51 elapsed. During the drive, Piccirillo completed a 35-yard pass to Hallvard Lundevall at the Colby five, before Piccirillo found Sean Penney for the Cardinal touchdown to make it 14-0 in the second.
The Mules intercepted a pass and returned it for 22 yards to the 27-yard line. Colby gained 73 yards on 10 plays, with QB Matt Hersch finding Matt Richman for a Colby touchdown, making it 14-7 at the half.
Later, a Sam Green interception led to a 22-yard touchdown run by Piccirillo, extending the lead to 21-7 with 5:31 left in the third quarter.
The Cardinals sealed the game on a three-yard touchdown run by Glenn Smith, putting them up 28-7 with 1:45 remaining.
The Mules quickly answered with a 63-yard touchdown pass from Hersch to Jibri Woods, cutting the lead to 28-14. Colby recovered the onside kick and added a touchdown with just 14 seconds left on a six-yard strike from Hersch to Jordan Roody.
Piccirillo completed 15-24 passes for 166 yards with two touchdowns. He also paced all rushers with 103 yards on 17 carries with a touchdown. Smith added 72 yards on 11 carries and a score, while Lundevall the Cardinals with 50 yards receiving.
Coming to Garcelon Field as heavy favorites after a big win over Trinity last week, Williams was tested for three quarters by the Bates football team before prevailing by a 31-7 score Saturday.
Bates (0-4) trailed 17-7 but had the ball on the Williams 1-yard line late in the third quarter. The Ephs ended Bates' 17-play, 75 yard drive by stuffing first-year Christian Sanfilippo's (Gloucester, Mass.) fourth-down run from the 1, then received a pair of breakaway touchdown runs by TJ Dozier in the fourth quarter to pull away from the host Bobcats.
Dozier had touchdown runs of 35 and 75 yards in the fourth quarter and finished the game with 151 yards on 12 carries.
Bates possessed the ball for over 36 minutes of the game clock, a season-high, gained a season-best 259 yards of offense, and totaled 19 first downs to Williams' 15.
The game began disastrously for the hosts, as the ball was fumbled away on the Bobcats' first play from scrimmage and recovered by the Ephs. Williams took over at the Bates 12 and got a 12-yard touchdown pass from Bobby Maimaron to Ryan Kingman in the flat on their first offensive play.
The Ephs (4-0) appeared to be on their way to a blowout, as they tacked on a touchdown and a field goal for a 17-0 lead before the end of the first quarter.
But Bates' defense rallied and forced Williams to punt on six straight possessions through three quarters.
Bates quarterback Brendan Costa carried the ball 18 times for 170 yards and a touchdown, but Wesleyan quarterback Mark Piccirillo countered with 370 passing yards and tallied three total touchdowns to lead the Cardinals past the Bobcats 41-23 on Oct. 7, 2017 in Middletown, Conn.
The Bobcats held a 23-21 lead at the half, thanks to Grant DeWald nailing a career-long 43-yard field goal with 26 seconds left in the second quarter.
But the Cardinals (4-1) took the lead for good in the third quarter when they went on a 14-play, 63-yard drive, setting up a Corey Phillips 31-yard field goal.
He split the uprights and after a Bates three-and-out, Wesleyan marched 79 yards on nine plays.
They scored a touchdown when Piccirillo connected with Gernald Hawkins for an eight-yard reception, extending the lead to 31-23 after the extra point. Hawkins finished with 11 catches for 106 yards and a touchdown.
Wesleyan did not go up by more than one score until Phillips booted a 20-yard field goal with 5:15 left in the game, extending the lead to 34-23. Mike Breuler added a two-yard touchdown reception with 1:41 left in the contest.
Bates leapt out to a 14-0 lead with a 1-yard touchdown run by Peter Boyer and a 23-yard touchdown run by Brendan Costa. Wesleyan tied the game with nearly three quarters remaining in the game, with a 22-yard touchdown run by Piccirillo and a 2-yard score by Sean Penney.
Costa connected with Jaason Lopez for a 54-yard touchdown in the second quarter, then a 4-yard Penney touchdown run and the extra point gave Wesleyan its first lead at 21-20. Bates finished out the half with DeWald's boot and the 23-21 lead.
After an explosive first half, the Bobcats struggled on offense in the second half, getting outscored 20-0 by the Cardinals and recording only three first downs.
Wesleyan tallied 537 yards of total offense while holding Bates to 384 yards of total offense. The Bobcats outrushed the Cardinals 287-167 but the Cardinals threw for 370 yards to the Bobcats' 97.
LT 70 Matt Flanagan
LG 68 Phil Simplicio
C 64 Jack O'Brien
RG 77 Yanni Falaras
RT 74 Dan Marino
TE 85 Isaiah Saunders
WR 1 Kevin Claflin
WR 26 Jackson Hayes
WR 13 Marcus Ross
QB 3 Brendan Costa
RB 30 Zach Doyon
DE 97 Shane Collins
NT 99 Ramon Ruiz
DT 94 Walter Washington
OLB 95 Tyler Harrington
ILB 8 Chase Fulton
ILB 37 Peter Daley
OLB 33 Liam Greene
CB 39 Art Churchwell
SS 6 Jon Lindgren
FS 4 Anthony Costa
CB 20 Joe Frake
P/K 2 Justin Foley
LT 68 Ryan Schutta
LG 60 Bryce Jenkins
C 64 Joe Wilson
RG 77 Karl Seitz
RT 76 Terence Norton
TB 25 Glenn Smith
TE 42 Ryan Earle
QB 12 Mark Piccirillo
WR 6 Dario Highsmith
WR 11 Halvard Lundevall
WR 23 Joe Scancarella
DE 98 Sam Green
DT 4 Taj Golden
DT 90 Grant Williams
DE 53 Jude Lindberg
LB 1 Brandon Morris
LB 37 Will Kearney
LB 2 Cole Harris
DB 15 Ben Thaw
DB 9 Pat Leone
DB 5 Eli Blair-May
DB 29 Zak Foster
P 13 Sam Han
K 31 Patrick Wolff


text:
Academic Achievement Award for Africana Studies
The Africana Studies Program presents this award to a graduating senior who has demonstrated excellence in the field, made outstanding contributions to the department, achieved a superior grade point average, and has the recommendation of the faculty.
There is no student application to fill out. Faculty nominate and select students for this award.


text:
On 6 July 2014 (AS49) at the St Johns Church Hall in the Barony of Politarchopolis, the May Crown tournament was refought and Count Sir Niáll inn Orkneyski was victorious. He fought for the love and inspiration of his wife Countess Liadan ingen Fheradaig.
After a couple of hours as Crown Prince and Princess of Lochac, Niall and Liadan were made the 25th King and Queen of Lochac. Their reign is in the style of a Norse Crusade.
Royal Household
Hirðmaðr (Chamberlain): Mästarinna Sabine du Bourbonnais.
Brynvarðir meistari (Armoured Champion) : Riddarri Blethyn ap Gryffyd
Skylmingar meistari (Rapier Champion): Herre Lorccan Ruadh
Thegn's (Ladies in Waiting): Virðulegi Fru Ailis inghean Mheadhbha, Baronfru Ginevra Lucia di Namoraza, Virðulegi Fru Osk Ornsdotir, Virðulegi Fru Ceara Shionnach, Fru Elizabet Hunter.
Fyrirliði Huskarlar (Captain of Royal Guard): Riddarri Lucas von Aych
Huskarlar (Royal Guard): Greifynja Engelin Teufel, Hersir Andreas Reinhardt, Hersir Dimitrii Borodinskii, Virðulegi Herre Orri Vígleiksson, Herre Jean-Christophe le Saussier, Herre Skarp-Heðin Sverðvarpnir, Herre Gilbert Purchase, Herre Galen Wulfric, Herre Otto Sexburger, and Valdemar Sigurdson.
Thingmen (Men at Arms): Herre Farulf Berenson and Fru Asny Inn Draumspaki.
Skogvaktare (Gamekeeper): Lord William de Perham
Events attended during the reign
- Midwinter Crown and Coronation in Politarchopolis (5-6 July 2014)
- Gionata D'Onore in Krae Glas (9 August 2014)
- A&S Collegium in Politarchopolis (16 August 2014)
- Cold War in Rowany (23-24 August 2014)
- Baronial Changeover in Aneala (20 September 2014)
- Knight School in Krae Glas (27-28 September)
- Spring War in Mordenvale (3-6 October 2014)
- St Andronicus Tourney and Feast in Politarchopolis (11 October 2014)
- Battle of Buttony Cross in Saint-Florian-de-la-rivière (18 October 2014)
- November Crown AS 49 in Torlyon (1 November 2014)
- Mordenvale Malþing in Mordenvale (15 November 2014)
- Fields of Gold IV in Politarchopolis (28-30 November 2014)
- St Catherine's Faire in Ildhafn (6-7 November 2014)
- Rowany Yule in Rowany (13 December 2014)
- Twelfth Night in Stowe-on-the-Wowld (10-11 January 2015)


text:
Melbourne's newest warehouse space for your special day.
The Button Factory is a 1950's building being brought back to life to offer a range of event spaces throughout.
There are at least four separate areas, featuring the original concrete floors, a magnificent saw-tooth roof, steel truss rafters (an ideal 5th wall for any creative installation) and beautiful original large windows creating sprays of natural light. Exchange your vows in the beautiful tranquil garden area set amongst the unique glass bee observatory, a double sided fireplace, wood fired pizza oven and water feature.
Enjoy a champagne on the outdoor terrace area while watching the sunset over the industrial landscape of Cheltenham. Guests can then make their way up stairs to enjoy festivities in the "White Room".The Button Factory is more than just a wedding venue.
The magic appears when you open the doors to areas for dancing, music, yoga, ceramics, woodwork, art gallery and a cafe.
Easy Weddings Special Offer
Discount on our range of wedding products and services. Simply fill out the contact form or phone us, and mention "Easy Weddings".
Event Space Hire Special Offer
To all our wonderful Brides and Grooms, we are offering a special offer of 10% off the cost of the Event Space Hire, so when you book through Easy Weddings you will be entitled to the above offer.
Venue Features
Reception guests
Min 20 / Max 250
Price per head
Low $100 / High $ 250
Ceremony Guests
Min 20 / Max 250
Time restrictions
In-house catering
3rd party catering
Event time included
6.00 hours
Music must end by
Get the best deals for your wedding with Easy Weddings only discounts and special offers.
Simply let us know which Easy Weddings' suppliers you've booked. Once verified, you'll get entries into the draw for your chance to win!
* Competition Excludes ACT
Your time is important. Get the information you need quickly. No fuss. No stress.


text:
A Complete Guide to Planting Bare-Root Roses
Those unfamiliar with bare root roses can be taken aback when first encountering them. Far from the lush rose bush envisioned, bare root roses arrive looking sort of… dead. Take heart. That clump of sticks with roots attached might seem vulnerable and uninspiring, but it's actually only dormant, a natural state for roses during the winter months. Planting a rose in this state is one of the best ways to ensure that the bush gets off to a healthy happy start. Once planted, they very quickly become leafy bushes bursting with blooms.


text:
Rest & relaxation, just what I needed and found! Visiting with the animals was wonderful-very cute goats and chicken. Your hosting was very welcoming. Thank you very much! K. Nicholas, Moses Lake, WA
Thank you so much for a wonderful stay! Your generous hospitality is so sweet & genuine. I will be telling many people about this gem ❤ Shaleesha, Ava & RyAnne, WA
This weekend was amazing. I enjoyed feeding the goats and petting the chicken. The food was amazing and your generous hospitality was gratefully appreciated. Thank you very much, Ron D., Seattle, WA
We came here for my 22nd birthday to get away from the stress of life & that is just what we did. This was a beautiful place to stay & the food was to die for!! Thank you! Amber & Jeff
This was a weekend I will never forget! Thank you for such a beautiful & welcoming stay. Breakfast was deliciously prepared. We slept like babies but felt like Kings! We both had a wonderful time. Best wishes, Yvonne E. & Evan L., CA
Jaime, Thank you so much. This cottage is beautiful and amazing, every detail was just perfect and thoughtful. We had a great experience and will be back again. We completely enjoyed your property and hospitality. Again Amazing! Heather & Meredith, TX
Thank you so much for your lovely hospitality. The cottage is just perfect! Sami and I enjoyed our stay and we will be back in the future for another Mother & daughter retreat! Cindy and Sami, CA
Jaime, 1st your hors d'oeuvres & breakfast are "beyond compare"! You could teach a few 5-star hotels and cruise lines… The layout and design of your bungalow is exquisite. We marveled at the details. Congratulations on completing the dream you and your husband conceived. Your obviously are one special lady! We had a wonderful time and will be speaking of you for years!! Weldon and Joye
Thank you so much for making our short honeymoon so wonderful! The cottage was so beautiful and comfortable and your hospitality made us feel right at home. The breakfast was delicious, and we loved the goat cheese – speaking of goats, we loved meeting them and feeding them peanuts. Getting to hold your sweet, fluffy chickens was also a treat. Thank you for opening your special space to us. We wish we could stay longer! Briana & Johnathan, WA
We had a wonderful time. Thank you to our amazing hostess who put much love and thought into every detail. Breakfast was delicious. Patti – WA, Shannon – NV, Marianna – NV
The cottage and hostess have been wonderful – laid back, warm, inviting. Breakfast was delicious and the farm element (goats, chickens" took us far away from our usual urban lives. Will definitely recommend! Dan & Irene – Tampa, FL
Delightful cottage. Thank you for all the great personal touches. . . flowers, soaps, eggs, chocolates and beautiful breakfast. We will certainly recommend! Lise & Burt B., Tucson, AZ
Here for a weekend away to celebrate our 10th anniversary. It's so beautiful and cozy! The Bonds, WA
Thank you for making my stay wonderful! Your thoughtfulness and hospitality in this beautifully appointed cottage made me feel so comfortable here. I will definitely recommend this place to friends far & wide! Sharon K., Evanston, IL
It was wonderful. Very high end and cozy. Loved the animals especially the Peacock and mini Goats. The pictures of the tree blossoms are beautiful so I am looking forward to staying again. The breakfast was a treat.. Carolyn N., Bakersfield, CA
Lovely! A beautiful location, warm & cozy cottage – Thanks so much. Al & Sylvia N., TX
Thank you for your hospitality. We had a very pleasurable stay in your French country motif' cottage, and enjoyed the animals. Food was Fabulous!!! Bill & Michelle S., OR
Great place to stay! Wonderful atmosphere, great service and terrific breakfast! Mike and Karen G., WA
Thank you for a delightful respite for our family gathering in this time of sorrow. Ray and Yolanda
We so much enjoyed our stay at Arbor Rouge. Wish we didn't have to leave. God's peace on this wonderful place. F. & Ruby O., NM
Thank you so much for the lovely, cozy and peaceful stay at your cottage. It is beautiful inside and out. We will definitely recommend it and hope to be back soon. Thanks again for the hospitality. The V., WA