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'Fair trade' is necessary if we want the retail sector to continue thriving
As suppliers battle for exposure on the shelves, retailers insist they are fighting for the consumer. Peter Flanagan investigates
'BUY one get one free'. 'Three items for €3'. These every day offers are so common at this point we don't think twice about them, especially when we go into a supermarket and have the chance to buy, say, 3kg of potatoes for the price of two.
We take it for granted that the supermarket is absorbing the hit on price in order to get us into their shop.
That's not always the case, however. In many cases the retailer isn't taking the hit at all. Rather, that price cut is being taken by the supplier of the goods. And if the supplier doesn't accept the lower price, then the retailer will take their business elsewhere.
The supplier/retailer relationship at the moment seems to be weighted in the retailers' favour, and it's getting worse. For the consumer, though, that means lower prices. And in an economy as depressed as Ireland's, lower prices are king.
Is this sustainable? Should customers be willing to pay a bit more in order to preserve jobs in Ireland? And who is right? The retailers pushing for lower prices for their customers? Or the suppliers trying to protect their business?
The supermarket sector is one of the touchiest subjects in Irish business. Just how touchy was revealed last week when Enterprise Minister Richard Bruton announced plans to introduce a code of practice to prevent "unfair" practices in the grocery sector after suppliers and retailers could not agree a voluntary code themselves.
When the Irish Independent contacted suppliers to attain their views on the big multiples, positive and negative, none wished to talk on the record about the matter. Some admitted to fearing the multiples taking retribution if they criticised them publicly, others simply said it would not serve their business to air grievances in public.
"Our relationship with the supermarkets is very good," said one. "But we have to be realistic. They hold most of the cards."
Depending on who you talk to, there are all sorts of questionable practices played out in the sector. Whether it's the alleged requirement of 'hello money' having to be paid by suppliers to retailers in order to get their products on the shelves, below-cost selling, or other practices, it's clear the sector needs some sort of regulation. The Government's code of practice in its current form, though, does not seem to have satisfied anyone.
Torlach Denihan of Retail Ireland, a trade body whose members have some 3,000 shops that purchase some €5bn worth of Irish goods every year, warns that more regulation of the sector will lead to higher prices for consumers.
"Retailers negotiate hard with suppliers to get lower prices that can be passed on to the consumer, something that is legitimate commercial behaviour as was stated in the Competition Authority's May 2009 'Report on the Retail-Related Import and Distribution Sector'," he said.
"The code as proposed will make it significantly more difficult for retailers to obtain best value from suppliers and this may well lead to higher retail prices.
"In addition the compliance costs will be a burden on retailers and suppliers," he added.
Not surprisingly, the IFA takes a different view. President John Ryan believes the code as it currently stands "has more to do with protecting the retailers and their predatory pricing rather than achieving equity and fairness in the food supply chain".
Clearly, it is a dispute that does not have a straightforward answer.
When it comes to getting their products on shelves, inevitably the big suppliers will tend to have more leverage with the retailers. Most people in the business accept that big suppliers, who have a host of major brands in their stable, will always have more leverage than the smaller, 'one product' suppliers.
"It really depends on the relationship you have with the retailers," said one supplier.
"In most cases, it is a two-way street, especially if you are established with them and the brands that you are supplying are popular with the consumer.
"There is a lot spoken about how the multiples are hammering away at suppliers and, yes, there will be the odd stand-off but by and large we have a good relationship with them."
Not everyone shares that conciliatory view though. One supplier said the 'two-way street' doesn't exist at the moment.
"Suppliers have had margins cut to the point where businesses aren't viable any more. At the moment the sector is weighted entirely in the retailers' favour who are able to impose swingeing terms on suppliers and we are really struggling now," he said.
"The code the Government is proposing is good but it may still come too late for some suppliers. We aren't talking about luxury items. We're talking about the basics of an Irish pantry," he added.
When asked about the presence of hello money, below-cost selling and other practices, his response is telling. "Almost everything you can imagine that could go on does go on. It is as bad as people say it is."
Disputes between supplier and retailer can take many guises. Only this week the UK Office of Fair Trading launched an investigation into Kerry's acquisition of Headland Foods after their main retail customers complained of higher prices.
Headland, which has been losing money, closed one of its plants after the merger due to the difficult trading environment. Bloxham Stockbrokers took the view of many in the business when they called it "ironic that a highly concentrated retail sector should be complaining about a supply chain that rationalises in response to intense customer pressure".
Earlier this summer a dispute between Glanbia and Musgrave Group, the parent of SuperValu, saw a number of Glanbia products briefly missing from SuperValu shelves.
There have been many more disputes between supplier and retailer but they tend to be kept out of the public eye. After all, if the supplier wants to have a chance to get a contract back it's not in their interest to publicise the problem.
Then again, it does suit the retailers to have this fearsome reputation for screwing suppliers, and a lot of that is myth, said one chief executive.
"In a lot of cases, the multiples' bark is worse than their bite. Yes we've had run-ins with them but by and large this is a relationship-driven business and if we're a reliable supplier, the retailers will be more likely to use us. Price obviously plays a role but it isn't the main driver as far as we can see.
"Do we provide the best quality goods consistently in a timely manner? Are our products popular? Are we always able to fulfil the orders that come in from the retailer? These are all questions that feed into the retailer's decision to use us or another supplier."
"You have to remember as well that it's good for the multiples to have this tough reputation. A lot of their promotional work is aimed at reinforcing the fact that they are working hard to keep prices low for the consumer and that, in a sense, they are 'fighting for the consumer'. Politically, it's good for them to be feared by prospective suppliers as well," he said.
The big companies that specialise in supplying branded food products to the multiples undoubtedly have a major advantage over the smaller suppliers and those that specialise in private or own-label goods.
If, for example, Kerry Group's Denny sausages and Charleville cheese are especially popular among consumers, then clearly it would be counterproductive for a supermarket to pull them from the shelves in order to get lower prices out of Kerry.
Private label suppliers can't do that. To a certain degree they are hostages to the retailer. After all, if Tesco decides to end its relationship with a private label supplier, that company does not have the brand recognition to be able to push back. Tesco Finest coffee will still be Tesco Finest coffee no matter who is providing it.
The same goes for the small and medium suppliers, particularly if they are providing a small number of less well-known brands.
"They (the retailers) dictate the terms," said one. "If we want to get on the shelves, we have to provide what they want, even if that means having to drastically change our methods and absorbing the expense of below-cost selling. Exposure on the shelf is everything for us. Without it, we don't have a business."
Mr Denihan, however, is clear that the retailers are just trying to compete in a competitive and depressed market.
"Retailers across the country have had to cut back significantly and are under huge pressure to maintain affordable prices. It is an open market here and if there were great profits to be made in the Irish market then there would be retailers from across the world queuing up to enter the country. That's not the case," he claimed.
Feelings in the sector, especially among suppliers are strong, but if there is going to be some equity in the market the Government will need to impose 'fair trade' legislation and we, the consumers, will have to be willing to spend a little more.
Without those two things, this problem will just continue and the food sector, which has been one of the few bright spots in the Irish economy, could well be forced down again.
Indo Business


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Identity area
Type of entity
Authorized form of name
Parallel form(s) of name
Standardized form(s) of name according to other rules
Other form(s) of name
Identifiers for corporate bodies
Description area
Dates of existence
The operations function of the World Bank has, in one form or another, been organized by geographic region throughout the Bank's history. The units responsible for World Bank lending and technical assistance have changed frequently in name and status since the Bank began operations in 1946. The history of the Europe and Central Asia Region (ECA) is complex primarily because of its previous integration with the Middle East and North Africa Region (MNA). Between 1965 and 1991, the countries within these two regions formed a single regional department/vice presidency called the Europe, Middle East, and North Africa Region (EMN or EMENA). Since 1991, the area covered by ECA countries has remained constant. As of 2016, ECA countries included: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
1946 - 1952
Upon the Bank's opening in 1946, operational lending was executed out of the Loan Department (LOD) led by Charles C. Pineo. The LOD was responsible for developing loan operations policy, receiving and investigating loan inquiries, presenting loan inquiries to Bank management for consideration, and negotiating loans. The organizational structure of LOD fluctuated over its seven year history but was, for the majority of the time, organized geographically. The Bank's focus in these early years was on post-World War II reconstruction and, in particular, European countries. This is evident in the initial divisional organization of the LOD. Of the seven original divisions, four dealt with Europe and two with the Western Hemisphere.
This strong focus on Europe in the early years of the Bank is evident. The Bank's first Resident Mission was established in Paris, France in 1947 and a number of the Bank's first visits by its senior staff, including Research Director Leonard Rist, Treasurer Crena de Iongh, and Vice President Robert Garner, were to Europe. Almost all of the Bank's first loan applications were received from European countries: Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Luxembourg, and Poland (the lone exception being Chile). This resulted in the signing of the World Bank's first loan: on May 9, 1947 World Bank Executive Directors approved a loan for $250 million to Credit National of France (P037383) for reconstruction of its economic, finance, and trade sectors. Three loans to European countries followed before a non-European country, Chile, received Bank funding.
With the appointment of W. A. Iliff as Director of the Loan Department in 1948, LOD's seven divisions were briefly consolidated into two: the European and United Kingdom Division and the Latin American, Asiatic and African Division. Then, in November of 1948, divisions were briefly abolished altogether, as loans were assigned to loan officers on an ad hoc basis. In 1950, LOD was again divided into three geographical areas: Latin America Division; Asia and the Middle East Division; and European Division.
Parallel to the LOD was the Economic Department (ECD), which conducted sector analysis and research work. Between 1946 and 1952, the ECD was responsible for both functional and geographic analyses, i.e. general economic studies and country specific studies. ECD supported the LOD and its loan administration and advised member countries on their economic and sector development plans. The ECD also liaised with international organizations on economic research. It also provided staff for Bank missions to countries from the Bank's Washington, DC headquarters to conduct both economic and project-focused research. Like the LOD, the organization of the ECD reflected the Bank's focus on post-war Europe. The Department initially consisted of three area divisions and an Economic Technology Division responsible for specialized sector studies. In August 1948 a new organizational structure featuring two area divisions was installed. Area Division I was responsible for Europe and Area Division II was divided into four sections that dealt with: Central America; South America; Asia; and Africa and the Middle East. In March 1950 another reorganization divided the Department into an advisory staff and an area staff, the latter consisting of three divisions of which Europe and Africa was one.
1952 - 1972
When the World Bank opened, its primary focus had been the reconstruction and revitalization of European countries devastated by World War II. However, as other sources of investment became available to war torn European countries, the Bank quickly shifted its focus to non-European countries. Largely due to the resulting expansion in operations in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, a Bank-wide reorganization took effect in September of 1952. The new operational structure endured for the next twenty years. The major feature of the reorganization was the merging of LOD staff with country-related staff from the ECD to form three distinct geographical Area Departments: Europe, Africa and Australasia (EAA); Asia and Middle East (AME); and Western Hemisphere (WHM). These units were primarily responsible for World Bank-member country relations. Functions included: loan policy and plan development; country development program appraisal and review; preparation of proposed loans; and country economic monitoring.
There was no formal divisional structure within EAA. Note that, in 1952 when the Department was initially formed, only two EAA countries were not located in Europe: Australia and South Africa. The Department was led by A. S. G. Hoar between 1952 and 1955. Sydney Raymond Cope became Department Director in June of 1955. All three Area Departments reported to Vice President Robert Garner from 1952 to 1956. After Garner became President of the new International Finance Corporation (IFC) in 1956, the Area Departments reported to J. Burke Knapp and William Iliff.
As part of the 1952 reorganization, the sector-oriented staff of the former ECD moved to the Technical Operations Department (TOD) in the new Area Departments and was placed in charge of project appraisal and supervision. Specifically, the TOD was responsible for: the appraisal of proposed projects; advising Area Departments on proposed projects and assisting in negotiations; supervising approved projects; assisting borrowers in procurement efforts; and monitoring and reporting on member countries' sector economies.
By 1962, a division of the Europe, Africa and Australasia Area Department (EAA) was necessary as a result of the dramatic increase in membership by African countries. Two new departments were created out of the former EAA: the Department of Operations - Europe (EUP); and the Department of Operations - Africa (AFR). EUP functional responsibilities were the same as its predecessor and it did not have a formal divisional structure. Sydney Cope became the Director of the new EUP and oversaw lending operations with 20 European countries, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
In 1965 the World Bank implemented a major reorganization of country groupings in its regional departments and EUP was significantly impacted. The countries previously in EUP were combined with Middle Eastern countries formerly located in the Department of Operations - Europe and Middle East Department (EME). In addition, five northern African countries (Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco) were also included In EME. Functional responsibilities of the new department remained unchanged from predecessor departments. Sydney Cope served as Director of EME.
The new combination of European and Middle Eastern countries was briefly undone in 1967 when EME was divided into two separate departments: Europe Department (EUR); and Middle East and North Africa Department (MNA). European, Middle Eastern, and North African countries were again reunited during a significant reorganization in 1968, forming the new Europe, Middle East and North Africa Department (EMN). Thus began an uninterrupted period of 23 years during which Middle Eastern and North African countries would be combined with European countries in a single department or Vice Presidency. The new EMN was led by Michael L. Lejeune; he was replaced by Munir P. Benjenk in 1970. The Department was initially divided into five divisions roughly based on geography. European countries roughly made up two divisions while Middle Eastern and North African countries formed the other three.
1972 - 1987
A massive, Bank-wide reorganization was initiated by World Bank President Robert S. McNamara in 1972. As part of the reorganization, the geographic organization of the regional units was again altered. The seven departments that made up the Area Departments were elevated to five Regional Vice Presidencies (RVP). However, the composition of EMN was not altered. All RVPs reported to the new Senior Vice President, Operations (SVPOP).
A more significant aspect of the reorganization, however, was the integration of the former Technical Operations Department (renamed the Projects Division [PRJ] in 1965) with the new RVPs. The period between 1952 and 1972 had been characterized by frequent reorganizations of the geographically-based area units responsible for country liaison and loan policy and negotiation. However, the division of functional responsibility between these units and TOD/PRJ was maintained. But in 1972, in an attempt to more effectively fuse country knowledge and sectoral skills, most of the Bank's operational project work was moved from the Projects Department to the five new Regional Vice Presidencies. Staff from the former PRJ were distributed into the Regional Vice Presidencies and were organized into sector-oriented Project Departments and were known as Central Projects Staff. Thus, rather than one Projects Department that supported projects in countries on an ad hoc basis, each RVP would maintain its own projects staff. Each RVP was, in turn,given "line authority" to analyze, decide and act on country development operations. Each RVP was responsible for planning and executing IBRD/IDA development assistance programs subject to the overall framework of Bank policies, priorities, and operating procedures. The RVPs created regional plans and budgets, ensured the effective implementation of approved plans, created country economic and sector reports, and developed and implemented loan, credit, technical assistance, and other forms of development projects. The RVPs were also responsible for maintaining sound relations with governments of assigned countries and with aid organizations and donors involved in those countries.
Upon the completion of the 1972 reorganization, EMN consisted of two Country Program Departments in addition to the new Projects Department. The Country Program Departments were staffed by country economists and loan officers whose primary responsibilities were: conducting area reviews of Bank activities and countries' economic and political developments; formulating country lending and economic and sector work programs and implementing country programs; and reviewing loan applications, negotiating loans, and administering loans.
The Projects Department provided technical assistance and advice to members and borrowers on sectoral issues, country priorities, and project development from identification through implementation and review. It consisted of economists, financial analysts, and sector specialists, and was specifically responsible for: creating sector policies; assisting countries with the identification and preparation of projects; appraising potential projects; assisting the Country Program Departments in loan negotiation and credit agreements; and helping borrowers manage consultants and procurement.
EMN's Project Department was initially divided into five sector-based divisions: Agriculture; Education; Public Utilities; Transportation; and Development Finance Companies. Over the next fifteen years, new divisions were created for sectors such as energy, water, telecommunications, industry, finance, and urban.
Note that not all staff and operational responsibility was transferred from the former PRJ to the RVPs. Staff in sectors too small to decentralize to the five regions continued to provide a complete "operational package" of technical services to the regions. These units, such as the Population and Nutrition sector and Urban Projects sector, were known as Central Operating Projects Departments and were located in thenewly formed Vice President, Central Projects (CPSVP) which, like the RVPs, reported to the SVPOP. In addition, those former PRJ units which had their operational functions dispersed to the RVPs still maintained a core staff in the CPSVP with responsibility for policy and advisory work only.
When EMN became a Vice Presidency in 1972, it contained the following countries: Afghanistan, Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Italy, Norway, United Kingdom and African Dependencies, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium France, Ireland, Jordan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Qatar, South Africa, Spain, United Arab Emirates, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Greece, Israel, Tunisia, Cyprus, Lebanon, Malta, Oman, Syria, and Yemen Arab Republic. EMN's first Vice President was Munir P. Benjenk. Benjenk served in this position from 1972 through 1980 with the exception of a ten month period between 1975 and 1976 when Willi A. Wapenhans took over. Roger Chaufournier was named EMN Vice President in 1980 and Wapenhans once again assumed the position in 1984.
1987 - 1991
While the composition of the Country Program Departments and Projects Department changed between 1972 and 1987 (most notably with a considerable increase in the number of Projects Department sector divisions), the organization and functions of the RVPs was consistent until 1987. In July of 1987, however, a Bank-wide reorganization under President Barber Conable altered the structure of the RVPsconsiderably. The changes were brought on by a desire to strengthen the Bank's country focus by making the Country Department the basic program and budget unit.
The new Country Departments that replaced the Country Program Departments combined the macro-economic work of the former Country Program Departments and the sector work of the former Regional Projects Department. Each Country Department would consist of a Country Operations Division (COD) as well as multiple Sectoral Operations Divisions (SOD) made up of staff from the former Regional Projects Departments. The COD was composed of lead, country, and specialized economists as well as country officers and was responsible for: liaising with state governments and developing knowledge of issues in the country; preparing and supervising the country's aid strategy; and providing full responsibility for certain country-wide operations such as Structural Adjustment Loans and country economic work. SODs were responsible for overall sectoral strategy and for planning, programming and implementing development activities for the countries in their respective sectoral specialties; this would include the provision of full lending project management as well as lending and sector evaluation work.
Not all staff was moved from each Region's Project Department into the Country Departments' SODs. Those remaining formed a new Regional Technical Department within each RVP. It was responsible for higher level knowledge collection, assessment, and dissemination. The Technical Department, which was organized into sector-focused divisions, was to stimulate innovation in operational work and undertake strategic thinking by providing advice, operational support, regional studies, staff training and the dissemination of materials to Bank staff, donors, and other institutions outside the Bank. The Department would continue to offer operational help in the form of task management, task support, and advice. They would also work closely with Policy, Planning and Research (PPR) staff in conducting regional studies and reviews, and advising on sector policy and research priorities.
During the 1987 reorganization the number of RVPs decreased from six to four but EMN was not affected in this regard. The number of EMN Country Departments did, however, increase from two to four. The allocation of countries between departments during this period and the sector-oriented divisions comprising the country departments changed over time to reflect changing priorities in the region's operations. EMN was led by Vice President Wilfried P. Thalwitz from 1987 to 1989 and Willi A. Wapenhans from 1990 to 1991.
1991 - 1996
The fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War had significant implications for the World Bank and its organization. Beginning in July 1990, the World Bank, in cooperation with G7 countries and other international organizations, participated in a series of studies on the Soviet Union's economy. (See the Documents & Reports website for access to World Bank authored reports on the various aspects of the region's transition and the World Bank's involvement.) Only a month after the Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991, the government of the Russian Federation formally applied for membership in the World Bank. During 1992 the fifteen republics of the former Soviet Union also applied for membership. The World Bank subsequently engaged in one of the largest operations in its history as it established working relations with its new members, set up new resident missions and offices, and prepared and negotiated new projects.
A reorganization of the Bank's regional vice presidencies and a reallocation of countries was deemed necessary as a result of these developments. In 1991 the Europe, Middle East, and North Africa Regional Vice Presidency (EMN) was divided into two new RVPs: the Europe and Central Asia Vice Presidency (ECA) and the Middle East and North Africa Vice Presidency (MNA). (During this reorganization the Asia Regional Vice Presidency [ASI] was also divided into separate east and south Regional Vice Presidencies, increasing the number of RVPs from four to six). ECA maintained the same functions and internal organization as its predecessor unit. Note, however, that ECA and the new MNA continued to share a single Technical Department. Composed of various sector-oriented divisions, the Technical Department maintained responsibility for sector knowledge dissemination, research and development, and operational review and advice.
A subsequent reorganization in 1993 strengthened the Country Departments' SODs through unit reorganization and a transfer of staff from the Regional Technical Departments to the SODs. The Technical Departments were greatly reduced in size and were restructured to reflect the emphasis on sectoral and thematic responsibilities of the SODs. The Technical Departments operational support function was consequently reduced.
Wilfred Thalwitz was named Vice President of the new ECA in 1991 and would hold the position through the end of 1995.
1996 - 2014
Another reorganization in 1996-97 modified the changes made to the RVPs in 1987 and 1993. The RVP continued to be responsible for all aspects of country development assistance for its member countries, including: country assistance strategy; lending operations; technical assistance operations; and economic and sector work. The primary objective of the reorganization was to deepen the country focus and responsiveness to client needs. This was accomplished in a number of ways. The most striking changes concerned the new Country Management Units (CMUs) which replaced the former Country Departments. The CMUs were smaller than their predecessor (that is, each was responsible for a smaller number of countries) while their number correspondingly increased. The internal reorganization of ECA resulted in an increase from four Country Departments in November 1996 to eleven CMUs in January 1998.
In addition, an increased decentralization of CMU staff and country directors from Bank headquarters in Washington to locations within client countries was undertaken. At the same time, a strengthening of authority with regard to strategy and budget was given to the country directors. The CMUs continued to be responsible for overall preparation and supervision of the country's assistance strategy, full lending project management, and evaluation of lending and sector work.
During the reorganization, the former Technical Departments were changed into Sector or Technical Families. The role of the Technical Families, which consisted of sector and project economists and selected specialist staff, was to formulate knowledge on technical subjects and best practice, and to suggest innovation through research and development. From this point on, ECA ceased sharing its technical units with MNA.
Johannes Linn was named Vice President of ECA in 1996 and served in this position until 2003 at which time Shigeo Katsu took over the position. Philippe Le Houerou replaced Katsu in 2009 and he, in turn, was replaced by Laura Tuck in the fall of 2013.
2014 - Present
In order to stimulate the sharing of knowledge and best practices across the Bank, President Jim Kim introduced a Bank-wide reorganization in 2014 that removed sector staff from the Regional Vice Presidencies and placed them in one of fourteen Global Practices (GPs) or five Cross-Cutting Solution Areas (CCSAs). The GPs are responsible for each of the major thematic areas that the Bank supports through projects, such as agriculture, water, and education. Each GP functions as a vertical pillar of technical expertise and is responsible for: defining the strategic direction and the World Bank's activity in their respective sector; developing and deploying expertise globally; delivering integrated solutions to client countries; and capturing and leveraging knowledge in their respective fields. The CCSAs, on the other hand, serve as units that cut across GPs horizontally providing leadership in areas such as climate change, gender, and public-private partnerships, and focusing on Bank-wide strategic goals and directions.
After the 2014 reorganization, the Regional Vice Presidencies exclusive function became overall client engagement. Specifically, each RVP: sets and drives regional strategic direction; offers development solutions to clients; agrees on work program and budget with GPs; recruits expert GP staff to meet client needs; manages corporate and other stakeholder relationships; and oversees country programs. Each RVP retained multiple Country Management Unit (CMUs) responsible for one or more countries. The CMU is the primary interface with the country and is responsible for ensuring global solutions are applied to the local context. Specifically, the CMU: identifies client challenges and opportunities; sets country strategy and manages selectivity; develops work programs and provides solutions; manages client and stakeholder relationships; and manages the country office.
Cyril Muller replaced Laura Tuck as ECA Vice President on July 1, 2015.

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Andrea Ogston was drawn to the study of sediment transport while driving past mudflats, walking along beaches with crashing waves, and sailing across river plumes laden with mud. As an oceanographer, she has focused her research on those interactions between geological and physical oceanography of the coastal ocean, using observational techniques to study the dispersal of sediment from the rivers to the deep sea. As part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation, she has also followed closely the dismantling of the dams on the Elwha River, studying what happens when more than a century's worth of riverine sediment is suddenly released, and makes its way to the ocean for the first time.
Andrea Ogston
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NPL confident to get N$9 million
By: Katrina Gowases
The chairman of the Namibia Premier league, Johnny Doeseb, is confident that NPL organisers will gather nine million Namibia dollars of additional funding by the end of July.
Doeseb said this during a special programme on NBC on Thursday, which followed MTC's ultimatum to the NFA to raise 9 million Namibia dollars by the end of this month or risk losing them as league sponsor altogether.
The league chairman said the request for additional funding is not only a concern of the league or the NFA ,but of the nation at large. He announced that the league board will meet with the National Sports Commission tomorrow to present their case.
"What is 9 Million. Its just a a number with an M at the end but we will show to our sponsors cme deadline day that we have sourced that amount of money." Said Doeseb
MTC as sponsors are standing by their decision to get other sponsors on board and have repeatedly said that there is no turning back as the move is in the best interest of Football.
The NPL presented a new budget to MTC totalling N$23 736 000 for the upcoming season, an increase of N$9 172 766 from the last annual sponsored amount of N$14 563 234, which is essentially a 62% increase from previous budget.
NPL is need of 23 million Namibia dollars altogether to run its affairs for the next season, which is expected to start next month.
MTC agreed to enter into the new contract worth 15 million Namibia dollars annually over three years, provided NPL source the remaining 9 million.


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Ben's Cookies
Customers can see our delicious cookies being freshly baked in-store each day. Whether in our original shop in Oxford, our family of shops in London and around the UK; or where we are branching out in Dubai, Korea, Singapore, Japan, New York and Kuwait, we want to make sure our customers are getting the same delicious Ben's experience. The baking, the smell, the flavours and the service. Settle down for a cookie combo at any of these places and feel a part of Ben's world


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Kidneys Channel
Topics & Medications
Related Channels
Votrient Warnings and Precautions
- Are allergic to it, pazopanib, or any of the inactive components used to make the medication. Your healthcare provider or pharmacist has a list of the inactive ingredients.
- Have coughed up blood or had bleeding in the brain or gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the past six months.
- Have had chest pain, a heart attack, a stroke, or a transient ischemic attack (TIA or mini-stroke) in the past six months.
- Will be having surgery in the next seven days.
Final ThoughtsThere are a number of situations in which this medication should not be used, along with several safety concerns people should be aware of before beginning treatment. However, it is possible that not all of these issues were discussed in this article. Therefore, you should talk with your healthcare provider about the specific warnings and precautions with Votrient that may apply to you.
Votrient Medication Information
Written by/reviewed by: Susan Lakey, PharmD, MPH, BCPP
Last reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD


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September 26th 2016 – The People's United Party condemns the actions of Minister Godwin Hulse who in an interview on the LOVE FM Morning Show on Thursday, September 15th 2016 stated that in 1998 the Immigration Act was amended to allow for persons married to a Belizean to acquire Belizean nationality without having to live in Belize for a year. This is totally untrue and is a deliberate attempt by Minister Hulse to mislead the people of Belize.
The fact is and has always been that as a requirement to get nationality through marriage, if a foreigner marries a Belizean and wants to apply for Belizean nationality, he or she must be living in Belize for one year prior to applying and must intend to continue living in Belize.
In 1998, the Belizean Nationality Act was amended on April 11th but it was not to change this requirement. Therefore, the amendment never altered the definition of being legally resident or ordinarily resident.
What that amendment did was to clarify, particularly for persons who may have arrived in Belize illegally but since that arrival married a Belizean, when such persons can commence the counting of his/or her one-year residency. Therefore, with that amendment in 1998, the one-year residency is deemed to be legal from the date of marriage provided that the person is actually resident (living in the country) for a year after the marriage and prior to applying for nationality.
The Auditor General in her report did not shy away from this amendment, which Minister Godwin Hulse wants the public to believe that she did. In fact, the Auditor General clearly stated the law as it has stood since that amendment and laid it out on Page 171 of the Nationality Report of the Special Audit.
The interpretation Minister Godwin Hulse and Prime Minister Barrow are now offering for this amendment in 1998 is not only false but it goes against their own Ministry of Immigration's internal policies and law on immigration and nationality.
Even if Minister Godwin Hulse and Prime Minister Barrow would want us to accept their interpretation of this amended Section 11 of the Nationality Act, the fact is their interpretation still does not create a residency for Mr. Dalhstrom, the Prime Minister's brother-in-law, since residency never existed. A continuous one-year residency prior to application and intention to continue being are the requirements for applying for nationality.
The PUP continues to call on the President of the Senate to convene a special Senate meeting to reintroduce the motion for a Senate Inquiry and for Minister Godwin Hulse to recuse himself from such proceedings in the interest of transparency, accountability and impartiality for which this serious matter demands.


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Nearly five years ago, my husband was offered a prestigious, challenging plum of a job in another country. At the time, my father was dying, and my older son, suffering from debilitating migraines, was struggling in school. Sometimes parents decide that what is tempting, even perfect, for them is just not right for their family. My husband turned down the job.
I didn't talk much about the decision at the time. I felt guilty that my husband had to give up something he would have loved in part because I couldn't handle it, and I carried a vague shame that other families could have toughed this out but that ours was too fragile. It's hard to talk about what you are not proud of. None of this fit with my view of who I thought I should be — an unflappable, charge-ahead type, able to roll with whatever life delivered.
I've been thinking again about that choice since Sarah Palin, whose teenage daughter is pregnant and whose 5-month-old son has an as-yet-undetermined set of medical needs, decided to run for national office.
Looking back at the early response to Palin, I am struck by how many of the sentences that were written, spoken and shouted by people, began with "I." As in: "I have a special-needs baby, and I wouldn't dream of running for the hardest job in the world while he is an infant." Or "I have a special-needs baby, and Palin's my hero for showing you can raise a child and work." Or "I would never drag my pregnant teen through the national spotlight." Or "I wouldn't judge her as a parent because her daughter is pregnant, the same way I wouldn't have wanted to be judged."
Even more interesting was how often these views came from the mouths of women who I would have predicted would be saying something else. I saw it in my own circle of mostly working moms, women who could have embraced Palin as one of them but instead dismissed her for "being back at work three days after giving birth, when I could barely find time to shower."Continue reading the main story
And the paradox was highlighted by the polls. Not long before Palin was chosen by John McCain, a survey by the Pew Research Center found that Republicans were far less likely to support a female candidate who is the mother of young children than were Democrats. That was consistent with results from a year earlier, which showed that 53 percent of Republicans, compared with 38 percent of Democrats, believe it is "bad for society" when mothers of young children work outside the home. And yet within hours of her introduction, Sarah Palin, the antithesis of the stay-at-home mom, was being praised by home-schooling moms everywhere, as surely as Michelle Obama, who left her six-figure job to spend more time with her children, had been slammed.
This could all be dismissed as merely politics, and it certainly started out as politics, but there was a hunger and a fury in the conversation about Palin that hints at something deeper. Because what we are looking at while dissecting the parenting cred of our politicians (O.K., O.K., of our politicians who are mommies — we pay very little attention to the parenting of men) has little to do with them, and everything to do with us.
Our talking is part of an endless dance in which we move about in order to figure out where we stand. For what else is gossip but a roundabout way to explore social norms? And what landscape is more complicated to navigate than that of modern parenthood, where we often hold many contradictory opinions at once? Want to work but also want to stay home. Hate pacifiers and use them anyway. Swear off junk food and commercial TV, except when necessary. Abhor helicopter parenting unless my child needs me.
In his choice of Palin, McCain inadvertently hit upon a truth. He assumed that appointing a woman would "speak" to other women, that nominating a mother would get mothers talking. It did. But while we started out talking about Palin — while we thought we were actually talking about Palin — it seems what we were mostly talking about was ourselves.
"As a parent I would never. . . ." All around me, women were speaking of things their friends had never known. Of the pregnancy terminated because of a harrowing genetic test. Of the mother who took her 16-year-old to get an abortion in the days before Roe v. Wade. It is not that they hadn't told anyone, but now, like me, they felt it was important (and permissible) to tell everyone.
Their confessions, coming as part of a national conversation, felt less personal, less vulnerable, more purposeful. We have seen it before when the subject was marriage — the Clintons and Spitzers and Edwardses come to mind — when dissecting the life of someone very public gave license to talk about things that are deeply private. But short of Zoë Baird's nanny, this was the first chance we have had for a public dissection of the decisions around being a parent. For me it was the chance to talk about my husband's dream-job-that-never-happened. I started out with a point to make: "As a parent I would never put ambition above the needs of my family." But the talking quickly became my way of facing my own choice. Should I have been more like Palin — strap the baby on your back and forge the raging river? Was it weakness or strength that kept us from moving away? In the end, I grudgingly admired her fortitude and understood that her way was not mine. You often learn who you are by realizing who you are not.
Post a Comment at The Motherlode BlogContinue reading the main story


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Relationships and dating in recovery can be a touchy subject. Different people hold very strong views about this topic. One movie about treatment famously created a three year rule. In year one, you can have a plant. If you successfully keep the plant alive until year two, you can have a pet. If by year three your pet and your plants are alive, you can consider dating. Somewhat extreme and disciplined, others feel that dating shouldn't be such a big deal. Emotions are a big deal in early recovery, and dating can bring up a lot of them.
Relationships and Dating in Early Recovery
Bring the first 90 days of recovery into perspective. Just three months ago, you were at one of the lowest points in your life. Your brain had been completely altered in it's manner of thinking. Spiritually and emotionally void, you surrendered to receiving help for something out of your control. Three months later you're feeling better. More than feeling better, the fact that you are feeling is miraculous. Drugs and alcohol are numbing. Years pass in our lives without properly regulating and managing our emotions. Full of raw vulnerability and honesty, it is easy to seek comforting pleasures, safety, and security. In early recovery you are like a blank canvas, freshly stretched over its frame. You are a masterpiece in the making, but you've just started to conceptualize the final vision. Bringing in another person's technique, materials, style, and vision can act as a disruption to your process. Recovery is a process.
Should you wait to date?
Most advise waiting until the first year is completed before considering dating. The complication with dating in early recovery is not as much a matter of if you can handle it. Love gets messy, and your emotions are messy enough. The real risk is relapse. Six months is a turnaround point in the reduction of cravings and symptoms of withdrawal. Adding emotional pain from a breakup or a fight with a partner is like throwing fuel on the fire. You are just beginning to learn how to handle your life.
Romance in Rehab
"Rehab romance" is the term applied to people who fall in either lust or love during the residential treatment program period. Clinicians and staff will not likely approve of this behavior because it can be distracting from each individual's goals in alcohol addiction treatment.


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The cost of living is ever increasing across the UK; here in Cambridge where the aspire cambridge head office is based we have seen that the average house price is around £450,000 yet the average salary in Cambridge is around £30,000. These numbers alone are making it increasingly more difficult for talent to afford to live in this area where they will often work.
The Importance of Retaining Local Talent
The media is telling us that we have a deepening skills crisis on our hands and with employment at its highest rate in some years (31.95 million people in work), it is becoming harder and harder to recruit new skilled talent into a business. As reported by the REC, vacancies have been outweighing available talent for some time, and this gap has only been increasing over the last four years.
By partnering with a recruitment specialist in Cambridge, like the team here at aspire cambridge you will have the best chance of attracting new talent to your business as we have a network of candidates available and use the latest tricks of the trade and technology to help get the perfect candidates for our clients.
However, businesses also need to look at how they retain their existing talent and how they can retain new talent to their business.
How to Retain Local Talent
Our area is rapidly growing in areas of technology and scientific businesses and this is great to see, research shows that the economy in Cambridge makes it one of the fastest growing cities in the UK and while growth is good, it has resulted in a higher cost of living for those wanting to live in the area.
There is a clear trend in Cambridge as we can see more and more candidates moving out of Cambridge to areas that are more affordable to live and this often leads to finding work outside of Cambridge too as the commute is too long or time-consuming.
This makes it even more important for businesses to retain their local talent, especially when skilled workers are in short supply. As we all know, talent breeds success and productivity – who wouldn't want that in their business?
It is important that a business focuses on retaining talent from the beginning of an employee's career with them. A business can do this by investing in skills and training or by looking at promotion strategies for those that want to grow within a business.
Take the time to look at the package your business is offering to employees and then consider the packages your competition are offering to ensure that existing employees receive a competitive package that makes them want to stay, and it is a package that is attractive to new employees too.
While pay and promotion will be an important factor to many employees, you need to look at other factors that may be of interest to the employee, such as gym membership, flexible hours and similar. Don't be afraid of asking your employees what motivates them to get out of bed each day. Happy and motivated employees will not only make your business a success, but they will stick with you too ensuring that you can retain this good talent within your business.


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Social Sciences
About the Collection The Middle East Water Collection provides access to roughly 9000 items on political, socio-economic, demographic, and legal issues of water in the Middle East. Materials include data, books, journal and newspaper articles, and documents published in the Middle East, Europe, and North America originating from a variety of publishers and national and multinational agencies and organizations. Materials in the public domain are available in full text from this website. More materials from the original collection will be added online as copyright permissions are granted. This website may be used as a search interface for the complete collection of M|E Water materials housed on the 3rd floor of the OSU Valley Library.
About - Mongolian Altai Image Collection The image collection presents approximately 1,500 images supporting the Archaeology and Landscape in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia website. The information presented on the Archaeology and Landscape in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia website is the result of eighteen field seasons in the Altai Mountains of Russia and Mongolia. The extensive materials we have been able to gather and document represent the first broad inventory of surface archaeology in northwestern Mongolia.
About - Columbia River Basin Project Background The University of Oregon Libraries are participating in a collaborative project to develop a digital collection of print, image, cartographic, and other format materials relating to the waters of the Western United States. The project is partially funded by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) and is administered centrally by the Greater Western Library Alliance (GWLA) of which the UO Libraries are a member. The Western Waters Digital Library (WWDL) is a distributed collection of materials from research institutions in the Western United States of America.
Mission The purpose of the UO Channel is to provide a gateway to streaming media at the University of Oregon. Programming featured on the main UO Channel site is to reflect the University's dedication to "…the highest standards of academic inquiry, learning, and service…" Criteria include: General guidance for the UO Channel is provided by an Advisory Board with representatives from: Announcements Welcome to the 2011 UO Academic year! The UO Channel is now compatible with iOS devices: iPhone, iPad and iPod. Viewing our video on your mobile device is simple - browse to your selection, and press play!
About - Picturing the Cayuse, Walla Walla, and Umatilla Tribes Major Lee Moorhouse of Pendleton, Oregon was an Indian Agent for the Umatilla Indian Reservation and a photographer. From 1888 to 1916 he produced over 9,000 images which document urban, rural, and Native American life in the Columbia Basin, and particularly Umatilla County, Oregon. So extensive and revealing are Moorhouse's images that his collection is one of the preeminent social history collections for Oregon. Special Collections & University Archives of the University of Oregon Libraries has a collection of 7000 images by Major Moorhouse.
About Scholars' Bank Welcome to Scholars' Bank , an open-access digital repository created to capture, distribute and preserve the intellectual output of the University of Oregon. Scholars' Bank is maintained by the University of Oregon Libraries, under the coordination of Digital Library Services . Using the open-source software DSpace, available from MIT and Hewlett Packard, Scholars' Bank provides stable, long-term storage needed to house the digital products of UO faculty and researchers. If you are interested in starting a community or contributing to an existing community contact a Scholars' Bank representative at firstname.lastname@example.com .
browse through the collection without a specific search search multiple fields at one time and limit search results view collection items you have saved to your own favorites page ask an archivist about this site or any aspect of OSU archives Click on the highlighted areas.
The University Archives Photograph Collection contains modern and vintage photographic prints related to the University of Oregon. The photographs depict a variety of buildings, historic scenes, events, students, faculty and staff, and scenes of campus life.
About this Project The purpose of this project is to use the archives of the University: documents, photographs, physical objects, and audiovisual materials - to tell the story of athletics at the University of Oregon. More than just statistics of accomplishments, this is the story of people and events that changed athletics at the University of Oregon over the past 110 years. It is also the story of athletics in higher education: the relationship and the issues involved between athletics and education over time. The project includes a collection of topics, a gallery of documents and images, and a timeline of events in the history of sports at the University of Oregon. All three areas can be expanded over time as resources permit.
History of the Susan H. Douglas Collection The central goal of the project is to preserve, digitize, and catalog all items in the Susan H. Douglas Collection of Political Americana. Acquired from an individual collector between 1957 and 1961, the Douglas collection includes approximately 5,500 items of American political campaign memorabilia and commemorative items dating to between 1789 and 1960. Mrs. Douglas characterized them as: ballots, bric-a-brac (larger three-dimensional objects), broadsides, buttons, cartoons, maps and charts, pamphlets, paper miscellaneous, parade items, posters, prints, ribbons, sheet music, songbooks, textiles, trinkets, and wearing apparel.
About the Project This digital collection references the canonical works or "major moments" that have come to be regarded as important in the study of South Asian architectural traditions. Images of rites, festivals and customary practices enrich and clarify the material record and situate canonical architecture in broader understandings of landscape experience and artistic production. A sub collection of images from 89 Aiyanar temples in Tamil Nadu, South India is one special aspect of this database. It draws on Robert MacDougall's unfinished study of a folk tradition. Another unique aspect of the database is a collection of images of domestic architecture and community life in Sri Lanka.
The Billie Jean Isbell Andean Collection This collection of materials is derived from my years of research in the Andes, primarily in the southern Andean department of Ayacucho and specifically in the village of Chuschi, Peru and the surrounding region of the River Pampas Valley in the province of Cangallo. I began research for an undergraduate honors' thesis in 1967 and the earliest images are from that date and continue through 2002. Included in this collection are approximately 1500 photographs, thirteen songs, my ethnography, To Defend Ourselves: Ecology and Ritual in an Andean Village , as well as selected publications. - Billie Jean Isbell, 2005 Visit Professor Isbell's latest project:
About the Alfredo Montalvo Bolivian Digital Pamphlets Collection This collection of 715 digitized works comes principally from a donation made to Cornell by the Bolivian bookseller, Alfredo Montalvo, who has supplied the university with library materials for over a quarter century. The pamphlets document a century of Bolivian literate culture, beginning in 1848. They show a nation's struggle to establish viable institutions, to develop its economy, to educate its children and the back and forth of political argument. In their aggregate these pamphlets capture the energy of the Bolivian people-sometimes misdirected, often contentious, but never quiescent. Readers will also want to consult complimentary collections of Bolivian pamphlets.
Database selection The goal of this project is to catalog and digitize each of the 1,780 slides within the Claire Holt collection. Microsoft Excel was selected as the application most suited to cataloguing requirements. Image browser After researching options available for creating and maintaining a widely-accessible virtual collection, Luna Imagings In sight® browsing software was selected as the most appropriate way to present the Claire Holt images over the Internet.
A Digital Collection of Cornell's University Archives The Cornell University Digital Archives is a collection of publications from the Cornell University Archives, comprising of a total of 26,481 pages dealing with the history of Cornell University. These materials date from 1868 until 1945 and involve a number of different publications including annual reports, class books and University registers. For a a complete listing of our digital collection click on the browse link.
The Cornell University Witchcraft Collection Part of Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell's Witchcraft Collection contains over 3,000 titles documenting the history of the Inquisition and the persecution of witchcraft, primarily in Europe. How to Find Materials The Witchcraft Collection is open to the public. To schedule a research visit or ask a question, please fill out our reference form . Terms of access and research policies are described on the Division's Registration & Guidelines for Use and Reproductions & Permissions pages. See our Digital Witchcraft Collection to view 104 English language books from Cornell's Witchcraft Collection.
CUGIR: Cornell University Geospatial Information Repository About the Cornell University Geospatial Information Repository (CUGIR) CUGIR is an active online data and metadata repository and a participating node in the National Spatial Data Infrastructure program. CUGIR provides open and free access to geospatial data and metadata for New York State, with special emphasis on natural features relevant to agriculture, ecology, natural resources, and human-environment interactions. Subjects such as landforms and topography, soils, hydrology, environmental hazards, agricultural activities, wildlife and natural resource management are appropriate for inclusion in the CUGIR catalog.
Introduction Cornell University has a number of collections of cuneiform tablets, donated to the university over the past century. These tablets are made of clay and inscribed with signs that modern scholars call cuneiform ("wedge or cone shaped"). They come from an area that is called Mesopotamia, which today roughly equals the territory of modern Iraq. These written documents date from the beginnings of writing, ca. 3350 B.C.E. until the end of the cuneiform tradition, sometime towards the end of the second century C.E. The largest collection of cuneiform tablets at Cornell is housed in the Jonathan and Jeannette Rosen Ancient Near Eastern Studies Seminar in the Department of Near Eastern Studies (NES) and currently consists of ca.
About the Ezra Cornell Papers Preface Ezra Cornell referred to himself as a farmer and mechanic who had spent some time working in the telegraph industry. His ambition and imagination, however, were not so prosaic. Skillful work, uncommon tenacity, and fortuitous circumstances resulted in his amassing a fortune. As soon as it became clear that it was a fortune, he promptly rejected conventional practice and sage advice, and directed that those riches be used to found a unique university: a comprehensive and practical institution dedicated to all forms of intellectual endeavor.
About While most research on the very early period of the reform era focuses on New England or New York City, Friend of Man illustrates that reform was thriving in Central New York as well. In this periodical, one meets a small, but vocal group of people from both races and all walks of life, intent on changing America. Scholars studying social reform in New York State will be interested in Friend of Man 's revelations about the regional interconnectedness of reform, especially in areas such as Utica, Rochester, Buffalo, Albany, and New York City.
About the Project A first segment of this proposed collection includes documents that pertain to the legacy of Marx and Freud (but also Lenin and Lacan) in Latin America. In particular, the complete collection of the journal Los Libros in Argentina, which played a key role in intellectual life, and still continues to do so today, even though very few people in the world have access to it now. This journal, which was closed by the military Junta in 1976, combined literary and cultural analysis with an increasingly political interrogation of events both in Argentina and abroad.
American Indian History and Culture The Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections features significant original materials on the history of native peoples of the Western hemisphere. Thousands of rare books document Indian life-ways, and manuscript materials provide documentation of the work of anthropologists, collectors, and ethnologists. The centerpiece of Cornell's American Indian holdings is the Huntington Free Library Native American Collection , a spectacular gathering of more than 40,000 volumes on the archaeology, ethnology and history of the native peoples of the Americas from the colonial period to the present.
Introduction At the end of the nineteenth century, the British artist, photographer and traveler Frederick W.W. Howell, F.R.G.S., recorded Icelandic and Faroese landscapes, farmsteads, towns and people in a remarkable series of photographs that depicted Iceland and the Faeroe Islands on the edge of modernity. Daniel Willard Fiske, who bequeathed the Fiske Icelandic Collection to Cornell University, purchased over 400 prints from Howell around the turn of the century. Halldór Hermannsson, the collections first curator, mounted the prints around 1923 in six albums and supplied the prints with captions. (A small group of photographs includes the work of Henry A.
This collection consists of digitally reproduced images of paper maps from the Cornell University Library's Map Collection. Included are maps from locations around the world, ranging in date from the nineteenth century to the present. While this collection will continue to grow, it will still only represent a fraction of the 300,000 maps, atlases, and other forms of geospatial data that make up the Map Collection. Located in Olin Library, the Map Collection is open to the public.
Indonesia is a semi-annual journal devoted to the timely study of Indonesia's culture, history, government, economy, and society. It features original scholarly articles, interviews, translations, and book reviews. Published since April 1966, the journal provides area scholars and interested readers with contemporary analyses of Indonesia and an extensive archive of research pertaining to the nation and region. The journal is published by Cornell University's Southeast Asia Program . All articles and reviews published in Indonesia prior to April 2000 are available at no cost. Online access to single issues and individual articles published within the last five years are available for a fee.
About Preservation News , represents a comprehensive history of the public undertakings of the National Trust for Historic Preservation of the United States and gives much of the background to the work and growth of the organization in areas such as the evolution of its organizational structure, the problems and issues that underpinned the fashioning and enactment of key historic preservation legislation, and the nature and progress of significant restoration projects and advocacy activities initiated in the US and abroad between 1961 and 1995. The journal is liberally interspersed with historic photographs of significant buildings and sites throughout the county with relevant commentary.
About the Project The Cornell Institute for Resource Information Sciences (IRIS) maintains a large and comprehensive collection of aerial photographs for New York State dating from 1936 through 1995. The archive numbers some 50,000 images that cover 48 counties, many counties of which have at least three years of historic sequence. The photographs are primarily black and white direct contact prints, and in hard copy form they measure from 7" x 9" to 9" x 9" in size; scales vary. Historic aerial photographs are valuable resources for landscape and land use analysis, assessment of environmental impacts, development projects and education.
Kheel Center Labor Photos We do our best to verify database contents, but sometimes conflicting information is available. If you would like to suggest a correction or add new information about images in our database please contact Barb Morley at email@example.com and include the photo identification number (e.g. 5780pb32f14a) along with your recommendations. If you would like to donate images or other material documenting organized labor or employment relations, please contact us at 607-255-3183 or email@example.com 10 November, 2011
Due to Cornell's longstanding ties with Liberia, specifically through Professor Milton Konvitz's 20 years with the Liberian Law Codification Project and Professor Jane Hammond's work organizing the National Law Library , the Cornell Law Library has an extensive collection of Liberian materials, some of which are unique due to the destruction of the National Liberian Library during the civil war. With the end of hostilities in Liberia and as the country begins the process of rebuilding, scholarly interest in Liberia's past, present, and future has increased.
About the Project Introduction aking of America (MOA) represents a major collaborative endeavor to preserve and make accessible through digital technology a significant body of primary sources related to development of the U.S. infrastructure. Funded originally by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation , MOA sought to involve research institutions and national consortia to develop common protocols and consensus for the selection, conversion, storage, retrieval, and use of digitized materials on a large, distributed scale. The initial phase of the project, begun in the fall of 1995, focused on developing a collaborative effort between Cornell University and the University of Michigan .


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The CW is reportedly developing a drama series based on DC Comics characters Traci Thirteen and her father Dr. Terrance Thirteen who have appeared in multiple comics within the DC Universe.
"Project 13" will follow twenty-something forensic scientist Traci who discovers her own hidden extra-sensory abilities when she joins her estranged, skeptic father to investigate mysterious cases of the paranormal and unexplained phenomena.
Elizabeth Banks is attached as an executive producer on the series while Daegan Fryklind ("Bitten," "Spiral") will serve as the writer and showrunner. Brownstone will produce in association with Warner Bros. Television
Source: Variety


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Dr. EAS Sarma | Comptroller & Auditor General's report on performance of Kudankulam Units I & II submitted to the Parliament reinforces the concerns of the civil society about the safety of the units.
The post CAG Report on Kudankulam Reinforces Civil Society's Concerns About Safety: EAS Sarma appeared first on DiaNuke.org.
Via:: http://www.dianuke.org/cag-report-kudankulam-reinforces-civil-societys-concerns-safety-eas-sarma/


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Completed in 2004, topping the Fort Lauderdale skyline at 42 floors is the prestigious condominium, Las Olas River House. Constructed by the Tarragon Corporation, Las Olas River House 3 adjoining towers, two standing 42 stories and 1 center tower standing 34 stories high makes this (currently 2015) the tallest building in downtown Fort Lauderdale. Las Olas River House is located along the New River and borders along the Las Olas Riverwalk is a prime highly desired location in Fort Lauderdale.
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Until a day I found a wooden clutch handle, I assumed they should get married.
Fate mists, the sequined satin seems disappeared in workshop no matter how many times I tried to grub out old stuffs in every corners. They singlely stayed in the workshop for another 2 years.
Finally they becomes together.
一片不大不小卻表面釘滿小珠片的色丁 Satin 布,是我幾年前在深水埗一個貨尾箱子底找出來,售價 $20。然後,因為不知可做什麼,我把它完全丟到腦後。


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Chicken Parmesan
2 lb. boneless, skinless chicken breasts
3 eggs, whisked
2 cups Italian breadcrumbs
1/2 cup canola oil
8 oz. whole milk mozzarella, sliced
12 oz. pasta
Pasta sauce
Preheat oven to 425 degrees.
Wash chicken, and pat dry. Heat oil over medium-high heat.
Dip chicken in egg, then breadcrumbs, and set aside.
Add chicken to hot oil, cooking 3-4 minutes per side, until golden brown.
Place chicken on baking pan, and top with sauce and cheese. Bake 15 minutes or until cheese is melted, and chicken is done.
Serve with pasta.
Note: I followed this recipe exactly the first time I made this, and it went perfectly. The second time, the one I photographed, I flattened and cut the chicken to make smaller portions. Conclusion? Smaller portions are for losers, and I'm going back to the original. Anyway, this explains why you'll see some crazy flattening/slicing steps that aren't in the recipe.
Whole milk mozzarella produces endorphins. I don't have any "official" research to back my conclusion, but I've done some real life testing over the years, and trust me: whole milk mozzarella produces endorphins. I sliced the cheese on the Large Grooved Cutting Board with the Cheese Knife, measured the bread crumbs into an Easy Read Measuring Cup, and whisked the eggs in the Small Batter Bowl using the Stainless Mini Whisk.
Ah, the Large Grooved Cutting Board, the Meat Tenderizer, and a sheet of plastic wrap. These three combine to make a mean chicken-flattening station, a place where no thick breast stands a chance. The Meat Tenderizer is one of those things I don't use every day, but when I need it, I can't imagine anything working better. The little thing on the bottom has two sides, the flat one for, well, flattening... and the pointy one for tenderizing. This is a perfect example of why I love the skid-resistant sides of the Large Cutting Board! P.S. Watch your fingers 'cause this thing is like a hammer!
I wanted even more Italian in my breadcrumbs, so I added some Italian Seasoning Mix from the Pampered Pantry. I also added some Salt and Pepper using the Bamboo Grinder Stand Set.
Raw chicken breasts started my love affair with the Forged Cutlery Collection. When I got the 5" Utility in the Consultant Kit, I cut chicken with it and realized it was possible to cut meat without sawing. Raw meat. Then I immediately ordered the 5" Santoku, shown here, and it became my favorite knife ever. Notice the clean cut in the last chicken breast. One slice, people! The Cake Pans are awesome for dipping things in bread crumb mixtures, and you can also use them to bake cakes.
Fry, baby, fry! Sometimes there's no better feeling than watching breading turn golden brown while listening to the pop, sizzle, sizzle of canola. To keep myself out of harm's way, I'm using my Chef's Tongs. These are perfect for frying because they're long enough to keep you from popping grease, and they prevent potential breading loss disasters sometimes caused by spatulas. Chicken is in the 10-Inch Skillet, and my sauce is in the 1.5-Qt. Saucepan. Yes, I have the Classic Scraper soaking in tomato-based sauce. No, it's not going to turn red forever.
I cooked my linguine in the 8-Qt. Stockpot from the Executive Cookware Collection, and I drained it in the large colander from the Colander & Bowl Set. Action shot. Hey, take a look at the Chef's Tongs on the Spoon Rest. See how they clip shut so you don't have open tongs all over the place?
This meal is one of my new favorites, and I'm looking for an excuse to make it again soon. Anyone want to come over for dinner?
Like the products you saw used?
Shop Online 24/7 at pamperedchef.biz/jennylyn
E-mail me: chefjennylyn[at]gmail.com
Call me up: (205) 585-2464


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Tab top curtains feature exposed loops of fabric along the top. These wrap around the rail and support the weight of the curtain, for a vintage feel. Tab tops have been around for a while, long predating the invention of modern track systems, and for this reason they're a great match for older properties.
Perhaps the most obvious advantage of tab top curtains is the fact they're typically very affordable. For one thing, they require far less fabric than pleated curtains.
Another significant advantage of tab-top stems from their unique look. They're less formal than other styles of curtain, and are a great match for newer properties, as well as more traditional homes.
Typically, tabs are sewn at intervals of around eight inches. This can, of course, vary according to your personal preference.
A loop of fabric is obviously not as strong as a loop of metal. For this reason, tab tops may wear out more quickly than other types of curtains, particularly if they're repeatedly opened and closed over the course of a day. For this reason, they're best fitted where they'll be used infrequently.
As with all curtains, you'll want to measure up before fitting. How wide should tab top curtains be? As wide as necessary to cover the window. In the case of tab top curtains, the measurements will determine the length of the rod, rather than vice-versa.
Saying that, be sure to give yourself some breathing space by subtracting a few centimetres from your diameter before doing the calculation. Bear in mind that this is the maximum circumference; there's nothing to stop you matching large loops with a thin rail, provided that the rail is sufficiently far from the top of the window.
Looking to shop for new curtains? View our tab top curtains, pencil pleat curtains, eyelet curtains, or slot top curtains.
Alternatively, learn more about curtains in our other articles:


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While walking down Madison Avenue, beyond North and approaching Park Blvd., I spotted a young man swinging a wand toy before his kitty in a driveway. Hey, the provocateur of this series had to stop for a visit and photographic moment. We spoke. The gent explained, almost apologetically, that he never considered himself a "cat person", having grown up with dogs. Lest I misunderstood, Ludwig (yes, real name) is the first, and the shorthair has been with its caretaker for about two years.
But there is a backstory. Coincidentally, Ludwig's original owners of one year were en route for a visit, and the young man wondered aloud if the pet would recognize them after two years apart. There is reason to be curious. Not long after joining his human's habitat in 2017, Ludwig escaped and disappeared for about 14 days. The furball somehow made way back to his previous residence in Mission Hills. The nearly 5 km journey would require travel down busy Washington Street and possibly even over highway 163. Yikes. Poor baby. His paws were blistered. Once returned to University Heights, however, Ludwig settled in contently.


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With 10+ years of experience developing and manufacturing movie kiosks, software systems and web-based business management tools, and with thousands of systems operating around the world, we offer the most reliable, best-engineered Movie Rental Kiosks in the world.
That's fact, not marketing hype, and we back it up with a 2-Year Warranty.
What that means in benefits to you are:
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- A working machine makes you money. A down machine is a nightmare.
Evaluating Movie Kiosk systems and which company to partner with means focusing on real value and total cost of ownership (TCO). Some things to consider:
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- Repairs and downtime kill profits. Our focus on quality and the 2-year warranty ensure quality craftsmanship. Our network uptime is rated at 99.6%.
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- Services- Will you get A – Z assistance setting up your new business? What services and help will you receive?
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Richard Noble (BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Forensic Psychology).
His role is to assist the Chartered Psychologists in conducting psychological assessments and delivering therapeutic treatment programmes. He is trained in the Life Minus Violence – Enhanced programme including the HSB component, a therapy programme for reducing the risk of aggression and harmful sexualised behaviours; the HCR-20 v3, which is a tool for assessing general violence risk; the J-SOAP II, a tool which assesses risk for juvenile sex offenders; the SAVRY, a tool for assessing violent risk in youths; the WAIS, a cognitive assessment tool for adults and the WISC, a cognitive assessment tool for adolescents.
He has experience in working with young people in residential settings, both girls and boys from the ages of 8 to 18, some of whom have presented with a range of issues including emotional and behavioural problems and harmful sexualised behaviours. He has also experience of working with adults with harmful sexual behaviour. He has experience of working in groups settings as well as one-to-one.


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Equity release will reduce the value of your estate and can affect your eligibility for means tested benefits.
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Could Equity Release Help You?
If you are over the age of 55 or near retirement equity release could be a great way to access the money tied up in your home without the need to move or downsize.
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We have a range of products that could potentially unlock equity in your home and secure your future.


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Corporate art, art renting and fundraising opportunities.
Have you thought about what a difference a piece of artwork can make in your office? When a client walks into your office, how does the atmosphere represent your business? Does it look professional or casual? Welcoming and successful? Your surroundings set the first impression about how your business is run. Bare walls can make the office look dull and unappealing. This can affect the mood of visitors and staff. We have something to make your work space more inviting and colourful. Come in and see our collection of pieces suitable for the office.
What can the Gallery Upstairs do to help your business?
The Gallery Upstairs offers full service corporate decorating with a great range of local original art, limited editions, oversize loft art, art rental, fundraising opportunities with memorabilia and art, custom framing of art, advertising, diplomas, staff photos, and newspaper write-ups.


text:
No matter how tight the security is, the risk of violence is always present in any courthouse. The warring parties and their respective lawyers, even the judge, are never really free from danger.
There have been many recorded cases of violence inside the courthouse. Unfortunately, it is continuously rising even with the increased efforts in security enhancement. Keep in mind that the place holds angry people on a daily basis – people who can't take the verdict, people forming a picket to delay the proceedings, family members who simply can't stand the look of the guilty party, etc. A quick search on the internet and you will see how grave many cases were.
Inside the courthouse, tempers flare up and emotions can be hard to contain. It is one of a few places that can drive a usually mild-mannered person to suddenly lose his cool and attempt to grab an officer's firearm.
Federal courthouses are generally well-secured. But this is not the case with some county courthouses, especially the older ones with old-fashioned security systems and a staff that may not have sufficient training to control a deranged man.
In making a courthouse safer, organization is key. For this they may need to look at refining their security committee. Polishing their set of policies and procedures may be next in line. If funds will suffice, purchasing modern, additional equipment may be needed, too – X-ray machines, CCTV cameras, magnetometers, alarms, LED display, etc. A highly improved training program for officers, especially in screening the visitors, should also be considered.
Now how does s LED display serve its purpose, you ask. Visitors can look at the LED sign stationed at the main entrance for directions on the checkpoint procedures. This will minimize congestion in a particular area. Moreover, a LED sign can be used to display the daily docket. Apart from traffic reasons, immediate changes in the daily docket will not be a problem as there is a programmable LED sign available.
LED technology is here to make things easier and more convenient. To know more about how a digital display signage can help the courthouse or any other establishment, feel free to visit out website.
Image Credit: drakelawfirmpc.com
Mega LED Technology is a leading USA manufacturer of programmable LED signs. From our humble beginnings in 2006, our company has expanded leaps and bounds by staying committed to our goal: to provide the highest quality products at the most competitive prices while delivering unrivaled customer service and support.


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The patrol frigate Alvand and support ship Kharg were the first Iranian warships through Suez since the 1979 Islamic revolution.
They are reportedly bound for Syria, a destination that necessarily involves passing Israel.
"The two ships entered the canal on Tuesday at around 5:45 am (0335 GMT)," an official said.
A normal journey through the 101-mile waterway takes between 12 and 14 hours.


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Sale Date Ended
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