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tv Fault Lines Al Jazeera April 9, 2016 9:30pm-10:01pm EDT
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>> hands up... >> don't shoot. >> what do we want? >> justice. >> when do we want it? >> now. >> explosions going on... we're not quite sure - >> is that an i.e.d.? >> each year, nearly 12 million arrests are made in the united states. >> is this pretty full for you guys? >> no, no this is just average, i guess you could say. >> okay. >> that's the population of los angeles and new york combined, booked into thousands of local jails. >> do you know how long some of these men have been held here? >> mmmm. i don't, off the top of my head,
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i don't. >> okay. >> how long have you been in here. >> since june the 6th of last year. >> so over a year? >> yes ma'am. >> almost half a million people in jail today are pretrial, just waiting their turn to go through the system. >> i was arrested may the 13th of last year. and and i didn't get indicted until april 2nd of the next year. >> i think it should be against the law that they hold you that long before they indict you. >> basic constitutional rights - the right to a speedy trial, the right to an attorney, and the right to fair bail are meant to prevent arbitrary or indefinite detention and ensure the scales of justice are balanced. >> what kind of advice have you gotten from the public defenders? >> nothing. take the plea. >> but what kind of justice does the system offer? >> and how do you plead? >> i plead guilty sir. >> and why do so many end up lost in the system?
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>> what's it like looking at rikers now? >> that's hell on earth right there... this is as worse as it gets. next worst place after that is the graveyard. >> what were you thinking when you were inside? >> am i going to be able to have a future outside of this? am i going to be home with my family? >> in 2007, donovan drayton was accused of murder. he was sent to new york's rikers island jail to await trial. for his father, ronny drayton, it was a nightmare. >> you would stand right here and look across? >> yes, i would. >> what would you ask for? what was your hope? >> just to give me my baby back. simple as that, you know?
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>> neither donovan nor his father had any idea how long the wait would be. >> i looked outside my window and i see the triborough bridge. and i just started crying. i was like, damn. would i ever drive across that bridge again? will i ever go across that bridge again? it's like whew, i called my father and i was like damn dad, like the view i have is so nice. but am i going to be in that view like any time soon? you know what i'm saying? >> and what did i say? >> you said "of course you will be, man". >> you know you have this thing, you see law & order on tv you know they have the trial, he has a section, they go to court, they do this and that's it. >> it happens nothing like the movies now. >> no, no, no, no, no, no. they don't, they don't... >> what's the biggest difference? >> time. >> time man, time is like... >> everything is elongated.
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>> we met donovan in the queens neighborhood where he grew up. >> we're just at the scene of the crime with ronny and donovan, they are gong to explain what happened here. >> this is where it all started. this is where it all went downhill for me. the worst day of my life. >> on october 1st, 2007, donovan came to this house with two men who, he says, were looking to buy some marijuana. >> i came to just make a couple of bucks, smoke some weed, and go home. i mean, you know, that wasn't the best thing i was doin' but that wasn't robbery and murder. >> donovan says the men told him they had to pick up money from a friend here. but what he says he didn't know is that the men had previously robbed anthony wright, who lived at the house. when anthony saw them, he ran upstairs and fired a first shot from the window. >> he shot with an assault
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rifle? >> with an assault rifle... very loud booms. >> donovan says he was tossed a gun. and that it was the first time he had held a firearm. >> i got scared, i let off one shot in the air and it gave me enough time to retreat and to get away. but for me to be accused of bein' down with all this stuff that was going on, it's a dead lie man. dead lie. >> anthony's friend who was on the front steps, was killed in the crossfire. police arrested the two men, and donovan. it was a serious charge. despite having no criminal record, donovan was denied bail and sent to rikers. he said he was innocent, but would have to wait to make his case to a jury. >> it's crazy 'cause i'm 19. then my 20th birthday comes. then my 21st birthday come. by the time my 23rd birthday came, i was just like, "alright man, we here, man".
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>> the prosecutor offered him a deal: plead guilty and serve 18 years behind bars. >> at that moment you must have felt so much pressure. >> i was in the courtroom cryin'... you had those moments where it's just like the world is just squeezing you squeezing you squeezing you and squeezing you. >> it wasn't just the plea. it was the psychological part to create the situation to take the plea. >> the judge encouraged donovan to take the deal. >> what did he say what happened if you decided to go to trial? >> he said that if i went to trial, and if i lost, that he would make sure, i would put emphasis on... i'll never forget he saying, he said, "i will make sure you, mr. drayton, you'll be getting 28 to life". >> the offer wasn't unusual. 95 percent of felony convictions in the u.s. are a result of plea deals. >> and i had considered it only
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because i was scared. not because i did it, but because i was genuinely scared, like if i do take this gamble with my life, i may never get back these years that i'm goin' to lose. >> donovan bucked the trend and didn't take the deal. he told the judge he would go to trial. >> this is us in battle. in battle. we were at war right here. >> (guitar strum) hey everybody, rd here, we got this guitar i wanna put up for sale. it's for donovan's defense fund. we need the money for the lawyers and what not... i sold almost every guitar i owned. >> ronny, a musician, organized benefit concerts and raised tens of thousands of dollars for his son's legal defense. >> and i want you to put your fists up... we are donovan drayton... donovan drayton. >> in 2011 donovan's case went to trial. the case against him hinged on testimony from the other men at äì testimony they
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gave in exchange for favorable pleas. donovan was acquitted of 3 major counts, including intentional murder. but the jury was hung on several others. donovan was again denied bail by the queens court, and sent back to rikers to wait for a new trial. >> they wanted to make it seem like the kid was a throwaway. how many kids have they thrown away? it's an assembly line. they do this to guys, they do this to families. they drain their money, they drain their relationships. they drain their children, they put fear in people. they do it every day. >> after years in pretrial detention, ronny was desperate to get donovan released. he turned to this man. >> he had been in for almost 5 years... to me, it violated the presumption of innocence that every defendant is supposed to have when they are charged with a crime. >> michael warren, a well know criminal defense attorney, challenged donovan's denial of
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bail in a state court. >> they were outraged, particularly the presiding justice, but they were outraged and they asked questions... well, you know, "how long has your client been in"? "well he has been in for approximately 5 years". "does he have a prior record"? "no he doesn't have a prior record". "and you say that there has been a trial"? "yes there has been a trial". and one of the judges said, "you mean to tell me, that bail is still not fixed by the judge out there"? and i said "yes judge, this is what i am telling you". >> in july of 2013 donovan was finally acquitted of all counts but one , a weapons charge for the gun he had at the scene. after 6 years, the case was over. in all, donovan spent 5 years in rikers pretrial. >>i am ronald drayton's son. i am the one that he has been fightin' for for 5 years. (audience clapping and cheering)
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i wanted to tell you sincerely from myself... from my heart, thank you so much. >> he wouldn't take the plea! >> i have things about me that jail helped form... you get mental scars from this. sometimes they're not all physical. sometimes they are both... but the most damaging ones are the mental scars. they are the ones that never leave you alone. i would never think that i would have to spend all that time in prison for the truth to come out. >> they thought we would just lie down and say "yes, boss, we give up". no, because it's still innocent 'til proven guilty. >> you and i, we're going to change this country, and we will change the world.
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>> across the country, most pretrial detainees are being held on charges related to non-violent crimes. they're locked up because they can't afford bail. here in mississippi, there is no time limit on detention before indictment... indictment is the next step for a defendant, when the district attorney presents evidence to the grand jury. >> once the grand jury makes a determination of whether there is enough evidence to indict you, or not indict you. then they are given a court
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date. >> and how long does that typically take? >> it depends. >> here, like in many rural parts of the country, a grand jury is in session only a few times a year. >> how many of you all have been here for more than one grand jury term, that has not went through indictment? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8... >> hi, how are you doing? >> i'm alright. >> and what's your name? >> willie nicks. >> why were you arrested? >> they arrest me for accessory after the fact of burglary. >> what does that mean? >> saying i knew something about it but didn't call the police i guess. that's the only thing i get out of it. >> how long have you been in here? >> 11 months, two and a half weeks... in a week from today it'll be a year. >> why haven't you been indicted? lack of evidence, i feel... i don't know why i'm still here. >> do you feel like you have anyone giving you advice? >> no ma'am, i don't. >> do you think that's normal? >> no ma'am.
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i don't know much about the law, but i know that ain't right. the little bit i do know, i know that's not right. >> the constitution guarantees a right to an attorney. but inmates who can't afford one are told they must wait until after indictment to be appointed a public defender. >> we're in the scott county courthouse. this is where inmates after months of waiting, after they have been indicted, come here to see a judge. >> all rise... judge marcus gordon presiding. >> good evening. >> judge gordon is the senior judge in scott county, mississippi and 3 other counties. >> again i ask you, do you want me to continue in this plea that you offered? >> yes sir. >> you trust the judge, is that right? >> yes sir.
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>> the day we went to court, every inmate pled guilty. in a holding cell behind the courtroom, we had a few minutes to speak to the men. >> in order to have a preliminary hearing, you must have your own lawyer. you must have your own paid lawyer. in order to have a preliminary hearing. if you want to have your bond dropped, you have to have a paid lawyer. in order to do anything, you must have a paid lawyer. >> who was it, and when, did someone first tell you you have to wait until indictment to see your public defender? >> the investigator. >> he come down to the zone, and he tells us... he just said, "that's just the way scott county works". >> he said "scott county makes its own rules". >> there are no full time public defenders in scott county. instead, a handful of private attorneys appointed by judge gordon take cases on a part-time basis. none of the local attorneys would speak with us on camera. so we went to jackson, the state capital. >> how many people know what their rights are unless they're given an attorney that tells them what their rights are?
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so it's almost like a catch 22. >> mississippi is one of just 7 states that doesn't have a state-funded public defense system for misdemeanors and felonies. leslie lee's office only handles appeals, death penalty cases, and public defender training. >> do you know how many people are sitting in jail, without having spoken to an attorney? >> oh i'm sure the number is quite large. but i have no idea. it's frightening. >> does anyone keep track of that? >> the challenges are we have 82 counties. 82 different ways that they keep the data. 82 different ways that they appoint public defenders. >> so why is it that in scott county indigent defendants can't see an attorney until after they are indicted? >> that's a very good question. we don't know why. it shouldn't be that way. >> who has oversight over how the justice system works in the counties right now? >> the judges. >> we're going to see judge gordon.
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this is the man that many people hold responsible for keeping people in jail for months without access to a lawyer. >> we met a few defendants yesterday, just being here a few days, went into the jail and spoke to a number of inmates who say they have been waiting to speak to an attorney for nearly a year. >> well that's not right. i know that's not right. but i don't know when that happens. i never know who is in jail. >> they said investigators told them its your policy to wait until after they are indicted before they can see --. >> when they prove that they are indigent and cannot afford to hire a lawyer. >> at what point do they have to prove that they are indigent? >> at the time of the indictment, at which time i will appoint them an attorney. >> but,you know, they're spending months before speaking to counsel. >> well that may be true. that's the hardship of the
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criminal system. >> are their rights being violated? >> lady, the criminal system is a system of criminals. sure their rights are violated. but not all rights are violated, that you're calling violation. >> with the help of the civil rights group the aclu, some inmates caught in this system sued judge gordon and the county last year - for indefinite detention and not appointing public defenders. >> why is it so important to have an attorney? >> well, if i put you in that room and i lock that door and i shut it you can't get out without a key... so how important is it to have a key? you got nobody on your side, once from handcuffs all the way in, you've got nobody on your side. you're screwed. you're screwed. it's nothing you can do. i've seen people sittin' there for ten, eleven months and not even knowing why they was in jail. >> what do you want to accomplish with the lawsuit?
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>> that everybody that's arrested on a felony charge they get their attorney. and i'm not talking about an attorney that'll come to 'em and say well this is probably what they'll try to give you. i'm talking about an attorney that will go in there and say hey look, really go through the case and investigate it, do the math, take their side. because really they're innocent until they're proven guilty. >> after 8 months in jail, the first lawyer joshua met was brandon buskey, from the aclu. days after the suit was filed, joshua was released. >> what's illegal is the idea that you could keep somebody in jail for...8 months in josh's case, and affirmatively deny them the ability to talk to a lawyer for that entire period of time. that effectively denies them any opportunity to challenge what is happening to them. it is beyond the pale to think that that kind of system would meet constitutional muster.
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>> in august of 2015, the charges against willie nicks were dismissed. but after spending 14 months in the scott county jail, he'd lost both his job and his home. >> you're not garbage. they just throw you in there and they forget about you. they don't care, they don't care. >> did you feel like that? >> yeah. still do. you're not innocent until proven guilty. and even when you're proven innocent they still think you're guilty.
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>> al jazeera america - proud of telling your stories. >> somebody to care about us man... >> we're live in ferguson, missouri. >> brick by brick, i will open it. it will take more than a few rocks to stop me from doin' what i have to do. >> suddenly heroin seems to be everywhere. >> there's no way i am willing to give up my family for a drug ever again. >> getting to the heart of the matter. proud to tell your stories. al jazeera america. >> every monday night. >> i lived that character. >> go one on one with america's movers and shakers. >> we will be able to see change. >> gripping... inspiring... entertaining. no topic off limits. >> 'cause i'm like, "dad, there are hookers in this house". >> exclusive conversations you
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won't find anywhere else. >> these are very vivid, human stories. >> if you have an agenda with people, you sometimes don't see the truth. >> "talk to al jazeera". monday, 6:00 eastern. only on al jazeera america. >> all across the country, jails are overcrowded with inmates who are pretrial. most of them will rely on public defenders. here in california, where bail costs an estimated five times more than the rest of the country, it's a struggle to keep up with the volume. >> what's your name, sir? >> my name is dj brickey, i'm an attorney with the public defender's office. >> what's your social security number, sir? >> here's the deal sir, as your attorney, i'm trying to get you out of jail, trying to get the
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best result possible for you. >> so this is pretty relentless. you're just coming in and out in and out? >> absolutely, yeah. absolutely. >> this is what every day is like? >> mhmm. >> the fresno county public defenders' office is one of the busiest in the u.s. dj brickey has been working here for 3 years. >> i'm not sure i'm going to be able to get you out of custody today. i can make the request. if the judge denies it, you're going to be stuck in there unless you can bail out. the judge is going to set bail today. it's probably going to be around 70,000 bucks. okay? i'll make the request. ok? your honor, we ask the court to consider that he supports 4 children as well as a significant other, we ask the court to take that into consideration. >> attorneys like brickey are also asking the county for more who have everything on the line. >> and how does that affect their lives being stuck in jail? >> it's awful. it's terrible... some of these guys are the sole breadwinners for their houses. it's difficult. they lose jobs. they lose family members. they are not able to go to services if we can't get them out.
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it's tough. very tough. >> and this is all just while they're waiting for their trials? >> that's right. >> and only because they can't make bail? >> typically yes. >> how many cases do you have typically? >> i'm hovering around 300. >> 300 cases? >> 300 cases. >> that is a lot of cases. >> it is a lot of cases. >> how do you keep up? i mean it sounds like an incredible amount of work. >> you have to be efficient. you have to prioritize. you have to be organized, and you have to be devoted. you have to return phone calls. you have to keep up. sometimes, i get emotional just talking about it. sometimes we are all these guys got. they have no money, no family, an addiction, and no one fighting for them. >> do you need to talk to this gentleman? >> i do. >> i'm going to talk to you in just a moment i have to do another hearing real quick, i'll be back in 5 minutes, ok? >> yeah, what do you got there man? >> this is about a violation of your ab109 probation. >> i haven't gotten out yet. >> i'll tell you all about it in a second, sir, ok? i'll talk to you about it in a second, sir. i have to do this hearing. >> alright.
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>> there's a huge crowd of people waiting to get into the fresno county courthouse. we've been told this is a typical volume for the county. >> 64 public defenders handle over 33,000 cases each year. a fourth of fresno's population lives at or below the poverty line if they get in trouble with the law, a private attorney is not an easy option. in the years after the 2008 financial crisis, public defense was hit hard by budget cuts. >> so this is where all the decisions about the money get made? >> right. right here. >> henry perea sits on the county board of supervisors. after a round of cuts, the county's chief public defender warned the office would have to start turning away cases. >> as a board majority we understood, we took them to bare bones, and we took them below bare bones. >> but years later, the county was still struggling. scott baly is the president of
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the public defenders union. >> the lawyers got together and signed this letter, and sent it to our boss and said we can't go on like this anymore. something has to change. >> more than three dozen public defenders signed the letter saying they were jeopardizing their client's constitutional rights on a daily basis. >> the constitution doesn't guarantee a right to lawyers for just rich people. the constitution guarantees a right to effective counsel for everyone accused of a crime. unless the office is adequately funded, that guarantee has less of a meaning. we have an adversarial system of justice. you can't just fund one side and not the other. >> scott told us their efforts led to some improvements. but supervisor perea admits there is still an imbalance. >> have you requested more money from the state? is this a question of just not having enough funding? >> it's a question of not having enough funding, number 1. but number 2, is when we get the
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funding that it go to the priorities that quote, a collective board would have. i think right now, unless we received money from the state that was earmarked for the public defenders, it would be a tough fight. i think those who have money, those who have resources, are going to get a different level of justice than someone who doesn't. i think that's just the reality. >> i think most rights do get violated on a daily basis. simply because we aren't paying enough attention to what is happening prior to trial. that is true in california, it's true in new york, it's true in mississippi, it's true everywhere. so it's not about how you treat criminals. it is about how you treat poor people. and that is the real failing in
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this system. >> what do you think about all the people in there right now? >> i think some is guilty. i think some is innocent. but i think every one of them is helpless because of the fact that they don't get an attorney, you know? >> yeah. >> i was fortunate because i had a good support system. i had people that actually cared about me, who actually loved me, who actually wanted to see the truth persevere and come out, you know? not to mention the financial aspect of it because the reality of it, if you don't have any money, you're finished. >> al jazeera america - proud to tell your stories... of desperate journeys. a global crisis. >> it was a disaster in the making. the camp is over-congested.
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>> there is no humanity in this world. >> it's not fair, i'm very sad, nobody cares for me. >> this disaster is booming business time for criminal gangs. >> i want to tell the world, "stop the war". >> on the front lines here at home. >> people manage to get across this border one way or another. >> members of the u.s. house and the u.s. senate have recklessly disregarded protecting these borders. >> to see this many people that have perished trying to make it. >> all of these people shouldn't be dead. >> these are people that are coming in that we really don't know a lot about... we're afraid. >> i think it's important that we don't play into the hands of these terrorist organizations because that's the tactics they use. >> the hopes, dreams and realities. >> for hundreds of refugee families, this represents a new start. >> philadelphia grew in the first time for 60 years, because of the immigrant communities. they are welcome... it is a safe place. >> if i become a good engineer, i can really contribute to the
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host community. >> i miss my country but it's safer here. >> my parents came here to the u.s. for a better life, but people say i don't belong here... i'm an american too. >> al jazeera america - proud to tell your stories. >> you and i, we're going to change this country and we're going to change the world for millions, the election of obama to the oval office marks
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While immigration reform for agriculture has been tough to push through Congress, statistics show the H-2A program continues to expand rapidly.
Growers say the H-2A program creates a high-cost structure to the mid-$20s per hour, but the certainty of securing a workforce trumps its high cost.
"Year over year, we are 16% above the prior year," said Michael Marsh, president and CEO of the National Council of Agricultural Employers.
2017 also saw similar double-digit growth to the program, he said.
This year, the Department of Labor may approve 240,000 H-2A visas, Marsh said, compared with about 85,000 positions certified in the fiscal year 2012.
Statistics from the Office of Foreign Labor Certification say the number of applications received for the H-2A from October through March was up 16% compared with the same period a year ago.
Positions certified from January through March in 2018 totaled 80,348, up 17% from the same quarter last year.
Top states for the H-2A positions certified from October to March were:
- Florida (17,493 positions, up 15.6%)
- Georgia (16,004 positions, up 14.3%)
- Washington (10,751 positions, up 9.6%)
- California (10,092 positions, up 9%)
- North Carolina (7,952 positions, up 7.1%)
From October through March, positions certified for berries accounted for 11% of all positions, compared with 6.4% or lettuce, 3.9% for fruits and vegetables, 3.7% for onions, 3.5% for apples and 3.1% for cherries.

subset: commoncrawl


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When the weekend hits, what do you do? This is how my weekend goes: Beer, sushi, ice cream, tot-chos, concert, shopping, movie, coffee, bloody marys. Always end with bloodys. That sounded really weird, but we truly are lucky to have all of these local brands at our fingertips here in Omaha.
12" x 16" Print
Designed by Graham Burkum of Awful Creative for hutch.
Featuring some of our favorite local businesses:
Ted & Wally's
Film Streams
Crecent Moon Ale House
Archetype Coffee
Nite Owl
Blue Sushi
Hiro Sushi
Krug Park


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Josh Mendel could be the average 12-year-old boy, having a crush on the hot new history teacher, like so many other boys have at one time or other. However, Josh was never really that average to begin with, what with being a bit of a whizz kid, who's totally in love with numbers and baseball. After a birthday party gone horribly wrong, the fact that Evelyn Sherman, aforementioned hot history teacher, has been molesting Josh for months is brought to light and causes Josh to be mind-fucked for years to come, and confirms his status of odd one out. A state of mind which is even enhanced by the social awkwardness that any average teenager experiences anyway, regardless of whether they had a problematic childhood. Now at age 18 and about to graduate from high school, his not so innocent past is quickly catching up with him. Rachel (the girl from the birthday party) is hell bent on letting the past be in the past, while Josh – despite years of therapy – is still struggling with feelings of guilt, shame and worse about what happened between him and Eve on the one hand, and him and Rachel on the other hand.
Boy Toy is not a comfortable read. A novel about a sensitive topic like this shouldn't be. On the contrary, Barry Lyga's Boy Toy shows a level of maturity in treating its very controversial topic that a book with similar ambitions could only dream of. All props go to Barry Lyga here in not letting himself get carried away with needless melodramatic gushing or overly sentimental drivel. Of course, feelings are involved (how could they not?): feelings of lust, mistaken ideas about what love is, guilt, grief, etc. But it's not a sobfest or a gratification of the emotions involved. Instead, we get an honest and (because of this earnestness) heart-wrenching first person account of the rollercoaster of emotions that Josh experienced from innocent yet consciously different 12-year-old boy to the 18-year-old brainiac/athlete who is still very much aware of his 'different' status. It's his being different that made him attractive to both Evelyn Sherman in the first place, and now, also to his peer Rachel. The reason why schmaltzy sentiment never takes over is due to the very clever structure of the book (lots of elaborate flash backs and a meticulous present-time build up to the inevitable confrontation) and Lyga's knack for readable, realistic yet witty prose and naturally flawed protagonists.
Just like in his previous books (also set at Brookdale, btw, with a few characters that also appear in other novels) Barry Lyga's treatment of character is one of patience and respect. There's definitely a richness and depth in the characterization that many other books just can't provide. As in The Astonishing Adventures of Fan Boy and Goth Girl you can't but help love and hate the characters at the same time. You want to hug them for their innocent beliefs and for being who they are one moment, and scream at them the next for taking the wrong decisions or just acting like an ass. Likewise, Lyga never merely gives you a black and white portrait of sexual predator and innocent victim, but shows us the whole mechanics that lead to Josh's affair with Eve at age 12, and Josh's social and emotional deadlock at age 18. Indeed, we get a complicated portrait of conflicted emotions throughout. Of course, what the reader realizes, but what Josh at age 12 can't, is that his view on what was happening to him was fundamentally twisted by Eve's manipulations. This is the realization that Josh has to come to himself, and which he hasn't so far… It's only after confronting Eve – the confrontation is bound to happen, as a reader you just know, but, yet it is oh so very carefully built up by Barry Lyga – that Josh can finally find his way out of her trap.
More than just a book about sexual transgressions, Boy Toy delivers on a number of levels. We get flawed and hence totally realistic teen characters, making this a dream of a coming of age novel. We get a carefully built up story structure, which intensifies the reader's experience and will make the +400 page ride a thrilling one. The disturbing richness and depth in characterization and the readability of the prose make of Boy Toy a novel that some would probably never recommend to (younger) teens, but which is nevertheless a great eye-opener and a cautionary tale. It also made Barry Lyga into an author on the cat's 'Authors to read all books of'-list.


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This writing is continuation of a whole article about the haze as an important weather factor. Previously I have described the basic types of haze and I drawn attention on impact the atmospheric aerosols on human's health. Now, in terms of the continuation I would like to describe the impact of haze on the light scattering in the atmosphere and the visual range.
The presence of the haze in the atmosphere impact on the light scattering. Haze makes usually milky white color for the atmosphere (Pic. 1), while against a bright background it will become yellowish, grey or orange-red at the sunrise/sunset (Pic. 2); likewise against darker background it will be light blue (Pic. 3). This is due to optical effect caused by the haze particles; i.e. the scattering of light by the haze particles. The type and direction of scattering depends critically on the size of the particle (Ackerman, Knox, 2007). The presence of haze is strongly related to the Beer-Lambert Law, described in earlier article. It means, that as cloud is further from observer, its color turns from dark to bluish, when shaded and from yellowish to reddish, when illuminated.
There are 3 main sources of particular matter in the terrestial atmosphere (Kokhanovsky, 2008):
– surface (e.g dust or sea salt),
– gas to particle conversion
– cosmic aerosols
Important is also the orientation and shape of the aerosol particles, which can slightly modify the route of light through the hazy environment. These shapes are different depends on the kind of environment. In arid environment, like desert, semi-desert as well as in continental air mass these shapes can be really various and irregural due to local factors. One of this is a local soil composition and thus aerosol source composition, which can vary dramatically from one region to another (Reid et al., 2003). Another factor is the time of atmospheric residence (see details in previous article) these particles, which for all this tame falls into reactions with other particles suspended in the air. These reactions change a chemical composition, often along with the physical shape of aerosol (Khalizov et. al., 2009). In the result a dust particles often consist of agglomeration of different materials and tends to have more complicated shapes. These particles can contain sharp edges, points, chains or internal voids.
In a wet environment, aerosols interact with the ambient water vapour. This process affects their size, shape, chemical composition and consequently their optical properties. The shape of aerosols depends on the relative humidity. As more water is coated on the surface of the particle, the overall shape would become more spherical, changing the scattering properties. Water is absorbed by the volume of particle. In effect the particle changes its shape, size and optical properties. In humid environment, where most of particles has a regular shape i.e. cubic or spherical, the light scattering will be more effective.
Next to the shape, also the size of atmospheric aerosols is important in light scattering. For arid conditions a main role in the size of aerosols plays wind, which keep them suspended for a long time (Hinds, 1999).
As the final, the pivot factor, determining the degree of light scattering and changes of visual range is a relative humidity. We can treat a relative humidity somewhat as a "distance" from the dew point, which is a normal fog, and observer is able to see nothing. Relative humidity says us about the presence of smallish water droplets in the air, which is next absorbed by aerosol particles or causes their coagulation or condensation. This is a strong relationship between relative humidity and light scattering. Depends on the aerosol hygroscopic fraction the increase of light scattering may start from 50% of relative humidity, whereas at about 70% a rapid light scattering changes are observed (Pic. 6).
Basically there are 2 types of light scattering depends on the illumination source location. This is forward and backward scattering (Pic. 7).
Forward scattering involves a changes of radiation less than 90 degrees. In our case it will refer to section of sky being on the same side, where the primary illumination source – the Sun is.
Backward scattering (backscatter) will involve a changes of radiation higher than 90 degrees, thus occur on the antisolar section of sky (Pic. 8).
The effect of light scattering depends on the size of the particles (Pic. 8). The weakest light scattering occurs for air molecules and the smallest aerosols, that is typical for near-Rayleigh conditions. The most effective scattering occurs for water droplets or extremely dense haze particles suspended in the atmosphere, when non-selective scattering plays a main role.
We used to treat the Earth's atmosphere like a place of multitude of simple particles, where each particle is exposed to, and also scatters, the light that has already been scattered by other particles (Liou, 2002). This is a multiple scattering, which is accompanied by absorption. A large absorption occurs for mineral, dustlike and water soluble particles and particularly for soot (Liou, 2002).
We have to take into account also the effects of the angle between the source of illumination and part of sky observed. This is easy to spot when cloud layer cover the sky and some clear gaps appear. Then a rays of sunlight (crepuscular rays) can be seen from the point of the sky where the Sun is located. That happens under hazy conditions. When big aerosol concentration take place under a clear sky, the observer is able to spot a very bright area when look close to the Sun. The sky is appear to be darker towards the simetric point on the sky or antisolar point (when observer is above the layered haze) (Pic. 9). Knowing, that apparent illuminance of the Sun varies from around 10000 Lx at the 10 deg altitude to 129000 Lx at zenith we can simply calculate the illuminance level of the certain regions of sky (Pic. 10).
Even during the day free of haze in near Rayleigh scattering conditions the light dispersing throughout the sunlighted blue sphere can be described as per below:
- The brightest area is near the ilumination source (Sun or Moon),
- The darkest area is located on the opposite side on the sky. Its presence above horizon depends on the location of the Sun. For example, when Sun shines in zenith, then the darkest area of the sky will encircle the sphere at around 40-50 deg altitude. In case as per picture below, the darkest region of sky is located more or less on the opposite part of the sky at 50 deg altitude.
- Light areas of the sky are near the horizon due to thickness of the atmosphere, whilst the brightest part of near horizon sky is to be observed on the Sun direction.
Under a free of haze conditions the sky brightness (and diffuse sky radiation) is much more various. The brightest area is located obviously near the Sun, and corresponds around 100% of solar illuminance, however is not widely developed likewise in misty conditions. Even near the edge of the Sun the sky is blue, but its colour is less pronounced due to close vicinity to the Sun and forward scattering of air molecules. On the contrary of the solar point, the antisolar direction is much less brighter; the range of illuminance level corresponds between less, than 10% to about 20% of the illuminnance of incident light. Considering it for solar altitude 50 deg (Pic. 11, 12) the incideng light level is going to reach 87000 lx, whereas the sky region in antisolar direction should reach the illumination level about 8 – 18000 lx.
During the free of haze conditions a main role plays air molecules, that scatter light about equally in the forward and backward direction and scatter more blue light than red, hence is the blue sky (Malm, 2016). Due to haze sky appears to be brighter than during the near Rayleigh scattering conditions.
Planetary boundary layer also know as the atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest part of the atmosphere. Its behaviour is strongly influenced by Earth's surface on the temperature, moisture and wind through the turbulent transfer of air mass. As a result of surface friction winds in the planetary boundary layer are weaker than above and tend to blow toward areas of low pressure. The planetary boundary layer reacts for temperature changes quickly so its thickness is various within the day. Usually the planetary boundary layer reaches from few several meters up to 5 kilometers (above the desert). Above this layer is the "free atmosphere" where wind is parallel to isobars unlike to inside this layer where is affected by drag over the surface.
The planetary boundary layer behaviour differs between flat surface and mountainuous area, where is more complicated (Pic. 16, 22). There it usually adjust to the local altitude. The land roughness influences on the wind system. Big role plays also the effect of landcover. Whereas in the valleys is summer on the top can be still wintry weather with snow cover. These factors makes the planetary boundary layer more unpredictable. Moreover planetary boundary layer changes throughout the day (Pic. 17) due to changes of irradiation.
During the daytime hours the planetary boundary layer comprises with the surface layer, that is the lowest part. It features a superadiabatic lapse rate, moisture decrease with height. In windy conditions, the surface layer is characterized by a strong wind shear caused by friction. Above a surface layer the mixed layer is located, where next to a horizontal air mass movements the vertical, turbulent updrafts play a main role. The air is risen up very quick (with up to 40km/h velocity). The convective mixed layer has a nearly constant distribution of the potential temperature, wind speed, humidity and haze concentration, because of strong buayancy generated convective turbulent mixing. Once the supersaturation of the air is sufficient, then clouds start to form. It happens at the upper part of planetary boundary layer, which forms the cloud cover or entrainment zone during the day. The condensation of moist air, containing aerosol relases energy, creates buoyancy and clouds rises until they reach their level of neutral buayancy.
Rising air particles are replaced by drier air from free atmosphere, that penetrates down the planetary boundary layer. Hence during the day, when some cumulus clouds start to appear on the sky, visual range appears to be better, than at the morning. The air, that penetrates down from the free atmosphere, doesn't contain as much aerosols as the rising air do.
Between the upper edge of cloud layer, reliant of the highest thermal plume and the deepest part of the sinking free air is called the entrainment zone. This is the layer of intermittent turbulence and overshooting thermals at the top of convective boundary layer. The thickness of the entrainment zone depends on the vibrance of the turbulent movements. When turbulence and thermals are more vigorous, then the entrainment zone is thicker, unlike to stronger temperature inversion caps, where is thinner. In this case, the cloud base will be a capping inversion layer during the day. When Sun is going to set, then turbulence decays. In the result the mixed layer is turned into a residual layer, which is neutrally stratified. Then turbulence is in near the same intensity in all directions. It means, that for instance a emitted smoke plumes tends to disperse at equal rates in vertical and lateral directions, creating a cone-shaped plume (Stull, 1988). Above the resitual layer the capping inversion exist, on which level the cloud deck is produced, likewise in daytime conditions, when turbulence is weak. Sometimes the capping inversion can count about 40% of whole planetary boundary layer. The capping inversion is an elevated inversion layer, that caps a convective boundary layer. The capping inversion is caused by warmer air being above a region of cold air. Cloud formation from the lower layer is "capped" by the inversion layer. If the capping inversion is too strong, then prevents thunderstorm from developping, unless is forced by strong updrafts. A strong cap can result in foggy conditions. Last issue, that I would like to add here is the general height of planetary boundary layer. It is assumed, that a standard height is between 1,5 – 2 km above ground. Practically the height of planetary boundary layer changes due to the weather conditions and may vary between 500 – 2500 m range.
Now let's considerate how it works with haze issues. Planetary boundary layer can be denoted by a thin layer of haze or cloud deck that can be seen from the plane just after start and before landing (Pic. 21, 22). This layer or clouds can also be seen directly from the surface, especially when a lot of pollutants is trapped inside (Pic. 18) or after sunset, when is not directly illuminated (Pic. 19).
To rundown this section I can say, that haze is always bigger within the planetary boundary layer because:
- The air mass movement inside the planetary boundary layer is slower than in above "free atmosphere" space so the ventilation of the area is also lower,
- Planetary boundary layer gathers the water evaporated into the air from biosphere, hence the humidity level is higher than in "free atmosphere",
- This is the part of the atmosphere, where the temperature inversion layer forms as a stable layer. Due to this a lot of air pollutants and aerosols concentrates there and deteriorates the visibility.
- Another meteorological conditions like wind direction. Wind can transport the aerosols from different region featured with another kind of surface, like e.g sand. Other unfavourable weather conditions can be stability stratification
The structure of planetary boundary layer varies within the season, weather condition and time of the day. The depth of this layer is bigger during the night and winter and smaller in the summer and during daytime hours. The biggest haze will occur in surface layer.
The inversion phenomenon is very important in haze conditions because it traps air pollution, such a smog close to the ground. An inversion can also suppress convection by acting as a "cap".
An issue with capped inversion has been explained in he secton above. In this section I would like to focus about the inversion layer, which is a subsidence and radiation inversion. There are a two common types of temperature inversion, as occur mainly in the surface layer. As we know from previous section, the inversion play an important role in determining cloud forms, precipitation and visibility. Both the capping inversion with the subsidence and radiation inversion affects diurnal variation in air temperature. The principal heating of the air is caused by its contact with a land surface with has been heated by the Sun's radiation. Then this warm air is transferred to the atmosphere by conduction and convection. Once evening approaches (roughly when Sun is about to set) this proportion changes. The air just above the ground, which was warmer during the day, now become colder, because ground cools off. A heat is radiating towards the sky, thus the radiation inversion is produced. The radiation inversion traps the moisture and pollution. It results a morning fog or thick smog, depend when you live.
When the widespread layer of air descend, what happens under a deep high pressure area, the subsidence inversion develops. The layer is compressed and heated by the resulting increase of atmospheric pressure. If the air mass sinks low enough, the air at higher altitudes become warmer, than at lower altitudes; an temperature inversion is produced.
Subsidence inversions are common especially during the winter. It can also occur on the lee side of mountain range. This inversion also traps the haze and pollutants. Depends on the pressure and weather conditions inside the anticiclon the thickness of the subsidence inversion can vary up to several hundreds meters.
Visibility can be definied as a degree of atmospheric clarity (Malm, 2016). Haze can be treated like kind of bad weather, because it can significantly degrade the visibility of a scene. This phenomenon tends to produce a distinctive gray hue, which effect atmospheric transparency. Optically, this is due to the substantial presence of particles in the atmosphere, that absorb and scatter light (Tan, 2008). Light from the atmosphere and light reflected from an object are absorbed and scattered by these particles, causing the visibility of a scene to be degraded (Pic. 25 – 26).
The visibility conditions differ mainly in the types and sizes of the particles involved in their concentration in space (Nayar,Narasimhan, 1999). The manner in which a particle scatters incident light depends on its material properties, shape and size (Nayar, Narasimhan, 1999). The exact form and intensity of the scattering pattern varies dramatically with particle size (Minnaert, 1954). Extremely high concentration of these small particles can appreciably diminish the horizontal visibility. The transparency of the atmosphere increases when the aerosols are removed from the atmosphere. These particles can be removed by two mechanism: deposition at Earth's surface (dry deposition) and incorporation into cloud or rain droplets during the formation of precipitation (wet deposition) (Pandis, Seinfeld, 2016).
The concentration of haze nucleic depends on wind and humidity. More information about this has been shown in the 1st section of this article. Wind disperse and transports the areosols, whereas the humidity causes a hygroscopic growth of haze particles, especially a high near-surface humidity. Another factor for the development of the haze is dynamic mechanism. The boundary layer is controlled by descending movement, that suppress the vertical transportation of the aerosols. Tropospheric aerosols vary widely in concentration and composition over the Earth. This is caused by nonuniformity of the geographic distribution of particles and kind of depositions being reliant of the local weather conditions.
In the result the horizontal visibility in one area can differ from horizontal visibility in another (sometimes even adjacent) region. Haze impact on visibility is weather-dependant. Before the short term forecast has been developed people used to predict the weather by changes of the visibility. For instance before cold or warm front visibility is getting worse unlike after passing the cold front, when is very good, because the descent airflow facilitate to decreasing of aerosols particle concentrations (Marmureanu et all, 2017).
In European conditions usually polar and arctic air mass brings the best horizontal visibility unlike to tropical masses with high level of dust or moisture.
In meteorology, visibility is a measure of distance at which an object or light can be clearly discerned. In extremely clean air the visibility can be more than 320 km (200 miles) where there are large markers such as mountains or high ridges. The visual range is described in 10-degree scale where 0 means thick fog with visibility lower than 50 m and 9 means extremely good visibility with distance longer than 50 km.
The arctic (and antarctic) air mass is the clearest, because it contains the lowest amount of particles coming from local basement. Hence when is no products of water vapour condensation this air is almost perfect. The polar continental air mass and arctic maritime air mass is believed to have one of the highest transparency level due to lack of the antropogenic factor and dust. Under haze-free atmospheric condiotions the light is scattered on air molecules only. In this case a diffuse sky radiation restricts only to near-Rayleigh light scattering conditions, where short wavelengths are scattered more than longer ones during the day. It doesn't mean, that under haze-free weather conditios our remote horizon will be clearly visible. Always, even on clearest day, the remote horizon will have a blue appearance. There are basically two reasons of it:
– air-tiny hydrocarbon particles relased by vegetation and next chemically react with ozone molecules, scattering a blue light selectively,
– air molecules, which scatters only short wavelengths according to Rayleigh scattering.
Generally the maritime air masses provides better visibility conditions than continental ones, because they are clear. However these masses provide favorable moisture conditions for the occurrence of a haze event. The worst visibility is to observed during the tropical continental air mass advection, where a lot of dust raised by wind from the ground. Much more details about the visual range changes will be provided in forthcoming articles soon.
Most of weather forecast services does not focus about the haze prediction itself. It remains a second order weather element. The best way is to check the relative humidity or visibility forecast. It should bring a relevant information about the haze density. In terms of the visibility forecast helpful can be a dew point forecast. In the other hand the air pollution forecast is widely accessible, which has been raised in previous article.
Aforementioned numerical weather patterns shows only a general situation in a few countries at once, which can be helpful for plan a long distance observations. There is another way to check the visual range forecast. An example you can see in the picture below, but I will explain it in the forthcoming article about visibility.
Haze is important weather factor, which can affect for many issues from atmospheric light scattering even to impact for human health (air pollution). For the long distance photography purposes haze results in the visual effect of a loss of contrast in the subject, due to the effect of light scattering through the haze particles. For these reasons sunrise and sunset colors appear subdued on hazy days and stars may be obscured at night. In some cases atenuation by haze is so great that, toward sunset, the sun dissappear altogether before reaching the horizon. Big haze comcentration deteriorates the human health causing the eyes, nose and lungs afflictions. Air polluted is also a hazard for expecting mothers. Big haze concentration modifies a light scattering in the lower part of the atmosphere making sky more brighter than it really is. The biggest haze concentration is related to the planetary boundary layer (unified haze) within the inversion layer may exist (layered haze). This text provides the general knowledge only. Is a lot of things to develop in the next articles.
Mariusz Krukar
1. Ackerman S.A., Knox J. A., 2007, Meteorology: understanding the atmosphere, Thompson higher education, Belmont, CA.
3. Bohren C.F., Huffman D. R., 1983, Absorption and scattering of light by small particles, John Wiley & Sons, Weinheim
4. Hackel H., 2009, Pogoda i klimat, Multico, Warszawa
5. Hinds W. C., 1999, Aerosol technology: properties, behaviour and measurement of airborne particles, John Wiley, New York
6. Horvath H., 1993, Atmospheric light absorption – A review, (in:) Atmospheric environment. Part A. General topics, vol. 27, i.3 p. 293-317
7. Khalizov A.F., et. all, 2009, Enhanced light scattering by carbon soot aerosol internally mixed with sulfuric acid (in:) Journal Physic Chemistry, vol. 111, p. 1066 – 1074
8. Kokhanovsky A.A., 2008, Light absorption and scattering by particles in the atmosphere, Praxis Publishing, Chichester
9. Liou K., N., 2002, An introduction to atmospheric radiation, 2nd edition, Academic, San Diego.
10. Lundgren D.A., Cooper D.W., 1969, Effect of humidity on light-scattering methods of measuring particle concentration, (in:) Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, p.243-247
11. Malm W., 2016, Visibility: The seeing of near and distant landscape features, Elsevier Science
12. Marmureanu L, et al., 2017, Planetary boundary layer height influence on ground base aerosol concentrations, (in:) The European Aerosol COnference, Zurich 2017
13. Meland B.S., 2011, An investigation into particle shape effects on the light scattering properties of mineral dust aerosol, University of Iowa
14. Minnaert M., 1954, The nature of light and color in the open air, Dover, New York
15. Nayar K. S., Narasimhan G., S., 1999, Computer vision in bad weather (in:) Technical Report, Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York
16. Reid E.A., et. all., 2003, Characterization of African dust transported to Puerto Rico by individual particle and size segregated bulk analysis (in:) Journal Geophysics Researches
17. Stull R. B., 1988, An introduction to boundary layer meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
18. Tan R.T., 2008, Visibility in bad weather from a single image, Imperial College London
1. Scattering of light – graphs
2. Britannica.com: Planetary-boundary-layer
3. USA: The hazy days conditions. Comparison between non-haze and haze conditions
4. Metoffice.gov.uk: Types of humidity
5. Planetary boundary layer
6. Atmosphere boundary layer structure
7. Britannica: Temperature inversion
8. Radiation_inversions.htm
9. http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/fall16/atmo170a1s3/1S1P_stuff/scattering_of_light/scattering_of_light.html
- Capping_inversion
- Convective_Boundary_Layer
- Distribution_of_particles
- Equilibrium_level
- Forward_scatter
- Inversion_(meteorology)
- Inversion_temperature
- Lapse_rate
- Particulates
- Planetary_boundary_layer
- Potential_temperature
- Surface_layer


text: ECO stands for Every Child Outside. Children and their adult partners will explore the Nature Center and Dunwoody Park in this fun, interactive class with an Earth Day theme, craft, activity stations, circle time and hike. Please dress appropriately for the weather as we'll go outside rain or shine! For Ages 3-5 with an accompanying adult. Click here to register.


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Testimonials of our students
I never really enjoyed being groomed before but after spending a day at grooming school, where my Mummy learnt how to brush me the correct way, I enjoy it much more.
Svetlana is a very patient teacher and Mummy is more confident now. We even bought Svetlana's book (which I've got under paw) for those times when Mummy needs reminding of a particular technique.
Thank you Svetlana for helping us enjoy our daily brushing.
Febe Macharis, Belgium
As I was looking for a new challenge in my life and a career switch, I came across the idea of becoming a cat groomer. Since I have been crazy about cats all my life, it would be a perfect job for me and a dream come true.
I discovered Svetlana's Cat Grooming School in London, UK and contacted Svetlana to ask more questions. Because I live in Belgium it was not an easy decision to come to London to become a master groomer, but am I happy I took that chance.
Thanks to Svetlana and her team I learned so much about cats. Not only the grooming part, but also how to handle them and respect them even more than I already did. It is a hands-on course and I had to work hard, be disciplined and take great care. But that's the only way to become a true Master Cat Groomer.
I really can say that I learned from the best.
Thank you so much Svetlana for making my dream come true.
Jan Littlemore
I just want to say a BIG 'thank you' Svetlana, for a great experience when I trained to be a Master Cat Groomer.
I learnt such a lot in my one to one training, when every day was full on! I had the opportunity to work initially with docile easy to groom cats, progressing to difficult and aggressive cats, using a personal caring approach involving cat whispering, where understanding a cat's body language is just as important as the grooming skills. (more…)
With a background in aromatherapy and massage, I know that therapeutic touch and caring thoughts are reassuring and just as important for animals as they are for humans, and the specific cat grooming techniques and cat whispering taught by Svetlana reinforce and mirror my holistic approach when working with cats.
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Rachael Sherwell
After an unexpected 'career break' I was looking for a new direction when someone suggested doing something I loved. Cats have been a passion for years and I currently have three Maine Coon boys and a little Moggie queen. I wondered how I could work with cats and then, after finding details of Svetlana's Cat Grooming School, I decided on becoming a cat groomer. (more…)
What other people have said is true, it's very difficult to find training to become a cat groomer. One course only responded 3 months after I'd sent an enquiry. Luckily I was well into Svetlana's course by then. Other places were predominantly dog grooming salons so didn't look like they'd have a ready supply of cats to work and train on.
Unlike the Svetlana's Grooming School where there were cat's aplenty! With great people (you know who you are Edita!) and an extremely knowledgeable trainer in Svetlana. It was hard work, actively helping in caring for the 6-7 cats booked in each day. There was sweat and (almost) tears. I was the only trainee most of the time and ended up grooming up 4 cats a day once I started to get the hang of things. But the training, the large number of cats groomed, the confidence it gave me – all priceless. And since qualifying as a Master Cat Groomer Svetlana has also invited me back for a few days to enhance my full clip work. So you're not alone just because your course has finished.
Now, Feline Divine Cat Grooming is up and running around Sussex, Surrey and Hampshire. I have a new business and love going to work. No more driving hundreds of miles but not getting a sale in the end. I can't think I'd have got anywhere near the level of training elsewhere so a big THANK YOU to Svetlana!
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Sue Grant
I had the opportunity to make some major life changes in October 2014 and, having worked in an office all my life with my horses, cats and chickens as my hobby, took this chance to train to become a cat groomer. I had the vision of being a mobile cat groomer within a 50 mile radius of my home area near Fleet in Hampshire, aiming to negate the need for cats being sedated for grooming and clipping procedures in the comfort of their own home. (more…)
I discovered it was not going to be easy.
Firstly there are almost no training facilities for cat grooming available. I initially undertook the Pet Industry Federation's Certificate of Competence in Cat Grooming. This was great, however, I still felt I needed further 'hands on' experience before grooming other people's beloved fur babies with confidence. I eventually found Svetlana via the internet – hooray! Despite it being an horrific daily journey I enrolled on the Advanced Course (as I had already undertaken the PIF I was able to start at this level).
Boy was I on a steep learning curve! Within the first week, I showed my lack of experience by getting bitten, badly, however, from that I learnt how to control the cat better in future. It was hard work and there were tears as well as laughter along the way, but I learnt so, so much from Svetlana, and her right-hand girl, Edita, from how to groom holistically reading the cat's behaviour and knowing when to stop or be firm. Svetlana is a brilliant, unique, tutor who is passionate about cats and cat care, she explains each procedure fully, and why you have to do things in that way.
I went on to take my Master Cat Groomer Certificate. I never dared to dream I would achieve this at the beginning. I finished the course by grooming the cat which had bitten me so badly at the start, with ease!
I cannot thank Svetlana enough for pushing me to achieve more, pushing me out of my comfort zone to work with the more challenging cases which arise. It was the best investment I could have made.
I have now started my own business and am finding such a variety of different cats to groom and clip. I would not have been able to deal with these before, and having matt/knot/tangle free happy cats equals happy owners who are now becoming regulars.
I love my job – thank you Svetlana!
Sue x
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Carolyn Eykyn
Svetlana after a fascinating taster day in your salon with you I now feel I want to know all I can about grooming cats. You were patient with my inexperience and in one short day I learned so much. I had the chance to groom 3 cats myself and clip their claws. I also observed you carrying out bathing of 2 cats as well. I was amazed to see that cats can actually enjoy being bathed! I now intend to do the full master course.
Many thanks for a wonderful day.
I came across Svetlana and Pet Universe Grooming School after a disappointing training week at another establishment. Before returning to Dubai I was determined to 'give it one more go' and try another school. Noticing that Svetlana had trained initially as a vet in Russia encouraged me to trust her and apply to do my intermediate Cat Grooming Course. I've never regretted that moment – it was the best decision I made.
(more…)If you decide to take Svetlana's cat grooming courses – and I strongly recommend you do – you are guaranteed two things. Firstly, you will see that all cats are lovingly looked after. She clearly loves and respects every cat that comes through the door. They are her priority. It's truly amazing to see. All animals are handled with the care they deserve. If my cat was in London I would be sending them to her! The other guarantee, as a student at the school, is the excellent standard of teaching. Svetlana has extremely high standards and every element of cat grooming, from hygiene of equipment to brushing techniques which emphasize the comfort of the cat, are given equal focus. She is also infectiously enthusiastic!
If anyone is looking for quality training with a focus on perfection then look no further than Pet Universe. I can't recommend them enough. I'm just so glad I found Svetlana. She really is the 'Top Cat' of grooming schools!
Svetlana, thank you so very much for treating the cats so lovingly and thank you for the energy and enthusiasm you use in all of your class sessions. It really was appreciated!
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Svetlana Broussova
Svetlana leaves testimonial to one of her customer!


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The Cariboo Regional District and Cariboo Chilcotin Regional Hospital District Boards approved their 2019 budgets on March 22, 2019. The finalized budgets documents are available in the sidebar (below on mobile). This news release summarizes the 2019 budgets.
Thank you to all who completed the survey on the CRD's proposed 2019 budget or attended one of our public meetings. Read a summary of the budget survey and other comments here.
As part of the budgeting process, the Cariboo Regional District prepares a business plan for each service we provide, which includes the goals, objectives and financial impacts for the year. The Board reviews and endorses these business plans in October. This process provides the Board, staff and, most importantly, the public with a clearly defined set of goals.
Based on the endorsed business plans, the Cariboo Regional District establishes long-term operating plans and financial projections for each service. The CRD Budget Bylaw is then prepared based on the first five years of the long-term operating plans and projections, as required by the Local Government Act. This bylaw must be adopted by March 31, following consideration of public comments.
The business plans and provisional five-year financial plans are made available throughout the winter on our website for public review (see right hand side of page or below on mobile). Hard copies are available at our CRD offices and libraries in Quesnel, Williams Lake and 100 Mile House. The adopted budget bylaw is posted after it is adopted at the end of March. If you have any questions, comments or concerns, please email your feedback to firstname.lastname@example.com or call 250-392-3351 or 1-800-665-1636.
Page last modified: March 22, 2019 15:01:39 PDT


text: NYSE:FTSI - FTS International Stock Price, Forecast & News Adding Choose a watchlist: Adding You have already added five stocks to your watchlist. Upgrade to MarketBeat Daily Premium to add more stocks to your watchlist. Adding FTS International Inc Please log in to your account or sign up in order to add this asset to your watchlist. Log In and Add $1.23 +0.08 (+6.96 %) (As of 12/11/2019 08:33 AM ET) Add Compare Today's Range$1.13Now: $1.23▼$1.2950-Day Range$0.92MA: $1.24▼$1.7852-Week Range$0.89Now: $1.23▼$12.37Volume1.47 million shsAverage Volume608,234 shsMarket Capitalization$131.87 millionP/E Ratio0.52Dividend YieldN/ABeta1.42 ProfileAnalyst RatingsAdvanced ChartEarningsFinancialsInsider TradesInstitutional OwnershipHeadlinesOptions ChainSEC FilingsSocial Media Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on LinkedInShare on RedditShare on StocktwitsPrint this articleShare by Email FTS International, Inc provides hydraulic fracturing services in North America. Its services enhance hydrocarbon flow from oil and natural gas wells drilled by exploration and production companies (E&P), in shale and other unconventional resource formations. The company's wireline services primarily consist of setting plugs between hydraulic fracturing stages, creating perforations within hydraulic fracturing stages, and logging the characteristics of resource formations. Read More… Industry, Sector and Symbol Stock Exchange NYSE Industry Oil & gas field services, not elsewhere classified Sub-IndustryN/A SectorOils/Energy Current SymbolNYSE:FTSI Previous Symbol CUSIPN/A CIK1529463 Webhttp://www.ftsi.com/ Phone817-862-2000Debt Debt-to-Equity Ratio10.19 Current Ratio3.22 Quick Ratio2.81Price-To-Earnings Trailing P/E Ratio0.52 Forward P/E RatioN/A P/E GrowthN/A Sales & Book Value Annual Sales$1.54 billion Price / Sales0.09 Cash Flow$3.73 per share Price / Cash Flow0.33 Book Value$1.01 per share Price / Book1.22Profitability EPS (Most Recent Fiscal Year)$2.36 Net Income$258.40 million Net Margins-3.79% Return on Equity49.11% Return on Assets4.48%Miscellaneous Employees1,780 Outstanding Shares107,215,000Market Cap$131.87 million Next Earnings Date2/26/2020 (Estimated) OptionableOptionable Receive FTSI News and Ratings via Email Sign-up to receive the latest news and ratings for FTSI and its competitors with MarketBeat's FREE daily newsletter. FTSI Rates by TradingView FTS International (NYSE:FTSI) Frequently Asked Questions What is FTS International's stock symbol? FTS International trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol "FTSI." How were FTS International's earnings last quarter? FTS International Inc (NYSE:FTSI) released its quarterly earnings results on Monday, November, 4th. The company reported ($0.05) earnings per share for the quarter, missing the Zacks' consensus estimate of $0.01 by $0.06. The firm had revenue of $186 million for the quarter, compared to analysts' expectations of $208.10 million. FTS International had a negative net margin of 3.79% and a positive return on equity of 49.11%. View FTS International's Earnings History. When is FTS International's next earnings date? FTS International is scheduled to release their next quarterly earnings announcement on Wednesday, February 26th 2020. View Earnings Estimates for FTS International. What price target have analysts set for FTSI? 9 analysts have issued 1 year price objectives for FTS International's shares. Their forecasts range from $2.80 to $8.00. On average, they expect FTS International's stock price to reach $4.76 in the next year. This suggests a possible upside of 286.7% from the stock's current price. View Analyst Price Targets for FTS International. What is the consensus analysts' recommendation for FTS International? 9 Wall Street analysts have issued "buy," "hold," and "sell" ratings for FTS International in the last year. There are currently 1 sell rating, 7 hold ratings and 1 buy rating for the stock, resulting in a consensus recommendation of "Hold." View Analyst Ratings for FTS International. Has FTS International been receiving favorable news coverage? News coverage about FTSI stock has been trending positive recently, according to InfoTrie. InfoTrie identifies positive and negative press coverage by reviewing more than six thousand news and blog sources in real time. The firm ranks coverage of publicly-traded companies on a scale of negative five to positive five, with scores nearest to five being the most favorable. FTS International earned a media sentiment score of 2.4 on InfoTrie's scale. They also assigned headlines about the company a news buzz of 5.0 out of 10, meaning that recent press coverage is somewhat likely to have an effect on the company's share price in the immediate future. View News Stories for FTS International. Are investors shorting FTS International? FTS International saw a increase in short interest in the month of November. As of November 15th, there was short interest totalling 5,780,000 shares, an increase of 28.7% from the October 31st total of 4,490,000 shares. Based on an average daily trading volume, of 617,600 shares, the short-interest ratio is presently 9.4 days. Approximately 8.1% of the company's stock are sold short. View FTS International's Current Options Chain. Who are some of FTS International's key competitors? Some companies that are related to FTS International include C&J Energy Services (CJ), North American Construction Group (NOA), KLX Energy Services (KLXE), Natural Gas Services Group (NGS), Cypress Energy Partners (CELP), CSI Compressco (CCLP), Ranger Energy Services (RNGR), NCS Multistage (NCSM), Quintana Energy Services (QES), US Well Services (USWS), Mammoth Energy Services (TUSK), Superior Energy Services (SPN), Recon Technology (RCON), Basic Energy Services (BAS) and Key Energy Services (KEG). What other stocks do shareholders of FTS International own? Based on aggregate information from My MarketBeat watchlists, some companies that other FTS International investors own include Corus Entertainment (CJREF), Applied Materials (AMAT), Casa Systems (CASA), KLA (KLAC), Nektar Therapeutics (NKTR), Advanced Energy Industries (AEIS), Argan (AGX), SP Plus (SP), Electro Scientific Industries (ESIO) and Lam Research (LRCX). Who are FTS International's key executives? FTS International's management team includes the folowing people: Mr. Michael J. Doss, CEO & Director (Age 46)Mr. Lance D. Turner, CFO & Treasurer (Age 39)Mr. Buddy Petersen, Chief Operating Officer (Age 53)Ms. Karen D. Thornton, Chief Admin. Officer (Age 49)Ms. Jennifer L. Keefe, Sr. VP, Gen. Counsel & Chief Compliance Officer (Age 46) When did FTS International IPO? (FTSI) raised $258 million in an IPO on Friday, February 2nd 2018. The company issued 15,200,000 shares at $15.00-$19.00 per share. Credit Suisse, Morgan Stanley, Wells Fargo Securities, Barclays, Citigroup and Evercore ISI served as the underwriters for the IPO and Guggenheim Securities, Simmons & Company International (Energy Specialists of Piper Jaffray), Tudor, Pickering, Holt and Cowen were co-managers. Who are FTS International's major shareholders? FTS International's stock is owned by a number of of retail and institutional investors. Top institutional investors include State Street Corp (0.58%), Assenagon Asset Management S.A. (0.22%), Mackay Shields LLC (0.20%), Denali Advisors LLC (0.16%), Barclays PLC (0.15%) and Voya Investment Management LLC (0.10%). Company insiders that own FTS International stock include Boon Sim, Chk Energy Holdings Inc, Lance D Turner, Michael J Doss, Perry A Harris and Rrj Capital Master Fund I, LP. View Institutional Ownership Trends for FTS International. Which institutional investors are selling FTS International stock? FTSI stock was sold by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Squarepoint Ops LLC. View Insider Buying and Selling for FTS International. Which institutional investors are buying FTS International stock? FTSI stock was acquired by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Assenagon Asset Management S.A., Barclays PLC, Denali Advisors LLC, Mackay Shields LLC, Alberta Investment Management Corp, Voya Investment Management LLC, State of Tennessee Treasury Department and Zebra Capital Management LLC. Company insiders that have bought FTS International stock in the last two years include Boon Sim, Lance D Turner, Michael J Doss, Perry A Harris and Rrj Capital Master Fund I, LP. View Insider Buying and Selling for FTS International. How do I buy shares of FTS International? Shares of FTSI can be purchased through any online brokerage account. Popular online brokerages with access to the U.S. stock market include Vanguard Brokerage Services, TD Ameritrade, E*TRADE, Robinhood, Fidelity and Charles Schwab. What is FTS International's stock price today? One share of FTSI stock can currently be purchased for approximately $1.23. How big of a company is FTS International? FTS International has a market capitalization of $131.87 million and generates $1.54 billion in revenue each year. The company earns $258.40 million in net income (profit) each year or $2.36 on an earnings per share basis. FTS International employs 1,780 workers across the globe.View Additional Information About FTS International. What is FTS International's official website? The official website for FTS International is http://www.ftsi.com/. How can I contact FTS International? FTS International's mailing address is 777 MAIN STREET SUITE 2900, FORT WORTH TX, 76102. The company can be reached via phone at 817-862-2000 or via email at [email protected] MarketBeat Community Rating for FTS International (NYSE FTSI)Community Ranking: 2.2 out of 5 ( )Outperform Votes: 269 (Vote Outperform)Underperform Votes: 329 (Vote Underperform)Total Votes: 598MarketBeat's community ratings are surveys of what our community members think about FTS International and other stocks. Vote "Outperform" if you believe FTSI will outperform the S&P 500 over the long term. Vote "Underperform" if you believe FTSI will underperform the S&P 500 over the long term. You may vote once every thirty days. This page was last updated on 12/11/2019 by MarketBeat.com StaffFeatured Article: What is a trade deficit?


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A New Zealand contractor involved in the Recognised Seasonal Employer or RSE scheme says remittances from ni-Vanuatu workers are making a difference in their home communities.
Two and half thousand ni-Vanuatu take part in the scheme each year and are reported to be taking home, on average, five thousand US dollars.
As well as workers from Tonga, Samoa, Tuvalu, Kiribati and Solomon Islands, the Hawkes Bay-based fruit grower and exporter Mr Apple employs 70 ni-Vanuatu.
Mr Apple's labour manager, Alistair Jamieson, says it's been enlightening to see how ni-Vanuatu workers are spending their money.
"Projects that are going on in villages where there's collective money coming together to put together, for example, irrigation schemes or electricity. But most importantly you see it going back into their own homes. You can almost see where the RSE workers have come from in the villages because they have the brick homes springing up besides the thatched homes. So yes you can certainly see the benefits coming back here."
Alistair Jamieson


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Peerless Battle Spirit - Chapter 516
Chapter 516 - Leisure Inn
The Second City of the Sky-Scorching Ancient Kingdom was the closest city to White Tiger City. Anyone standing at the center of the city could easily see the enormous black walls of White Tiger City.
"This badge is surprisingly useful."
Qin Nan walked on the street and scanned his surroundings. As expected of the Second City, he could detect the auras of at least thirteen Martial Highness Realm experts, with three peak Martial Highness Realm experts among them.
"I shall gather some information."
Qin Nan walked toward the center of the city by following the path.
According to his past experiences, the Trading Alliance would normally establish their division right at the center of the city.
Qin Nan was slightly startled. Not only did he fail to find the Trading Alliance there, not a single vendor could be seen. There was only a huge 'Leisure Inn'.
The Leisure Inn was extremely crowded, resulting in a lively scene. There were many Martial Dominator Realm experts gathered there.
Qin Nan was about to enter the place when a servant appeared out of nowhere and said in a humble tone, "Cultivator, our Leisure Inn is currently holding a speech regarding the selection of the three Platoons. You are required to pay a thousand Primary Stones if you are planning to enter the inn."
"A thousand Primary Stones?"
Qin Nan frowned and was about to show his Vermilion Bird Badge.
At that instant, a prideful voice could be heard, "Oh, it's you. Did you end up paying the entrance fee of a hundred Primary Stones?"
Qin Nan turned around and saw a young man with a Black Tortoise Badge hanging on his waist. His eyes squinted while his chin was elevated as he glanced coldly at Qin Nan with a conceited look.
As the young man approached them, the servant's eyes glistened as he spoke, "Ah, it's my pleasure to meet the top genius of Stonebull Town, Shi Kai. Four geniuses of the Black Tortoise Platoon have already arrived inside, feel free to enter."
Shi Kai raised his head as he gave Qin Nan a glance before entering the Leisure Inn.
Qin Nan shook his head.
He did not have a good first impression of him because of his behavior toward the guard at the entrance.
"What did you say?" To his surprise, Shi Kai's hearing was relatively sharp, who halted his footsteps and wore a furious look.
Shi Kai was extremely excited after having been recruited as a disciple of the Black Tortoise Platoon, thus he intentionally behaved pridefully so that others would be respectful toward him. After achieving his goals, he was extremely satisfied with how people treated him, causing him to become more full of himself.
However, this guy who was hesitant to pay a hundred Primary Stones and only possessed a cultivation of the Martial Ancestor Realm dared to call him an idiot!
"Err, Cultivator Shi Kai, no one is allowed to use any violence in the Second City, nor the Leisure Inn…" The servant immediately blurted out after being aware of the intensified atmosphere.
"F**k off!" Shi Kai glared at Qin Nan coldly and snapped, "You should drop to your knees and apologize right now, before I break your legs——"
Shi Kai's cultivation had reached the third-layer Martial Dominator Realm, who possessed a third-grade Di ranked Martial Martial Spirit. His talent could be comparable to Fan Yu and Ji Tianxiao.
Qin Nan was about to lash out a kick after hearing the words.
At that moment, a gentle voice could be heard, "Cultivator Shi Kai, is there any need to be angry? Just do me a favor and forget about it, can you?"
A pale-skinned young man appeared at the entrance of the Leisure Inn.
"Who the hell are——" Shi Kai was about to burst out scolding before he halted his voice after noticing the servant's expression.
He was not stupid. It was said that the Leisure Inn was owned by a mysterious man whom even the City Lord of the Second City was respectful toward.
Besides, those who were invited to the Leisure Inn would surely possess a significant background.
"Fine, I'll consider it as doing you a favor."
Shi Kai withdrew his fury and glared at Qin Nan before entering the inn.
"As for this cultivator, what's your name? I'm Xiao Qi." The young man said with a smile, "On behalf of the Leisure Inn, I apologize for the incident that just occurred. How about this;you won't need to pay to enter today—does that sound acceptable to you?"
"You have my thanks."
Qin Nan brought his hands together while scanning Xiao Qi's figure with his left eye of the divine God of Battle.
Following a glimpse, his eyes flickered with astoundment.
The reason being that he could sense the faint golden aura of a dragon within Xiao Qi's body. The aura was extremely extraordinary, as it was accompanied by the suppression of an emperor.
Furthermore, he could not peek at Xiao Qi's Martial Spirit and cultivation.
Qin Nan should be able be able to peek at Martial Sacred Realm experts by now.
"Let's head inside."
Xiao Qi said while leading the way into the inn. Qin Nan immediately calmed his thoughts and followed behind.
After stepping into the inn, Qin Nan's eyes glistened slightly. The area inside the inn was exceedingly spacious. The first-floor covered an area with a circumference of a hundred li, with gentle glows floating around that split the area into seven different sections. There were people chatting inside each area, but he could not hear their voices.
Besides that, Qin Nan could sense a giant formation operating under the inn.
The formation was incredibly powerful, as it was able to influence one's mind, allowing the person to feel relaxed and pleasant;thus it was perfect for the inn to be called the Leisure Inn.
"What do you think about this inn?" Xiao Qi asked in an indifferent tone.
Xiao Qi's eyes flickered with astonishment. It was his first time seeing a mere Martial Ancestor Realm cultivator describing the inn as 'so-so' in a calm manner. Could it be...
Xiao Qi gave Qin Nan a thoughtful look before he summoned a beautiful waitress with a wave of his hand and ordered her to guide Qin Nan around. He then proceeded to the second floor.
With the help of the waitress, Qin Nan finally understood the situation.
The seven areas were classified into: the Lower District, News of the Experts, News of the Geniuses, the Selection of the Three Platoons, Ancient Mystical Grounds, Rare News, and Legends of Mystical Artifacts;each with a person in charge.
In addition, there was no restriction in obtaining the news as long as the price was paid.
Qin Nan was paid.
Qin Nan entered the area tagged with 'Lower District'. He could hear an old man with a mustache speaking with an excited expression.
"It is said that the Four Great Factions had sent their people to the Ninth City, but Qin Nan was no longer there! Where did Qin Nan go? The Martial Sacred Realm experts first set their eyes on the Heavenly Barrier Mountain Range…"
The cultivators were listening with great focus.
Currently in the upper district's Eastern Continent, Qin Nan's name had already become a legend.
Qin Nan's forehead was covered in sweat as he proceeded to the area of 'The Selection of the Three Platoons'. Since he was almost clueless about the three different platoons, it was essential for him to gather some information.
As soon as he stepped inside he saw Shi Kai, who was staring back at him with a mocking look.
Apart from Shi Kai, Qin Nan could also see a few other geniuses, and there was a woman among them whose strength was even stronger than Shi Kai—with a fourth-grade Di ranked Martial Spirit and a cultivation of the fifth-layer Martial Dominator Realm.
Following this, as Qin Nan's gaze landed onto the figure of a young man, he was utterly stunned on the spot.
There was something extraordinary about the young man—on his forehead were a pair of huge lumps that were quite eye-catching.
Meanwhile, the young man was staring at the woman with the fourth-grade Di ranked Martial Spirit with a hideous grin.
Wasn't that guy Longhu?
Qin Nan was about to speak when he heard a furious yell.
"Asshole, if you dare to stare at me again, I'll dig your eyes out!"
Translator: XephiZ
Editor: DOCuinn


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Best Western Premier Calgary Plaza Hotel and Conference Centre
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The Best Western Premier Calgary Plaza Hotel & Conference Centre features 248 newly renovated guest rooms and suites. We also have 20,000 square feet of newly refurbished versatile event space, an onsite restaurant and lounge, fitness room, indoor pool, 24 hour room service, business center and a sundry shop. Additionally, there is complimentary Wi-Fi and parking with scheduled airport shuttle available.
We are centrally located and just minutes from the Calgary International Airport and the Heart of the City. The Calgary Plaza Hotel & Conference Centre is the perfect location for both the business and leisure traveler. Within minutes from shopping, world class restaurants and sporting events, Calgary is at your fingertips when you stay with us.
Hotel location and the surrounding area
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I recently took a short trip to Memphis Tennessee. It turned out to be perfect for a weekend trip. There is enough to keep you busy and entertained. Below are the highlights of my visit!
The National Civil Rights Museum
The museum was an overwhelming experience to say the least. The museum is formed from the iconic Lorraine Motel, where Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated in 1968. As you walk through the museum you have to opportunity to experience slavery, The Civil Rights era, The Black Power Movement and more. The very last exhibit allows you to view the motel room Dr. King was staying in and the balcony he stepped out on when he was fatally shot.
No matter what state I go to, if there is a Wet Willie's I have to stop! They feature a variety of colorful and fruit frozen alcoholic beverages. My personal favorite and one of their strongest is the "Call-A-Cab."
Beale Street hosts a variety of bars, clubs, shops and restaurants. If that isn't enough there is a variety of art around the streets. There is even a street car in operation and a trolley that passes though.
BB King's was honestly the best part of my trip! The food was amazing and the live music was great! There is even room for dancing if you're in the mood!
Jerry Lee Lewis' Cafe & Honky Tonk
If you are in the party mood, Jerry Lee Lewis' may be the place for you. They offer many different areas and different types of music throughout the bar. They also off an awesome outdoor balcony that overlooks the beautiful Beale Street scenery!
Have you visited Memphis? If so let me know some of your highlights in the comments!


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Tonal Vision Creations
New multi-camera live streaming program showcasing the depth and breadth of Baltimore's music scene.
In this web series, Frank Tybush searches out everyday heroes keeping Americans in touch with their history.
A docudrama film about a deaf boyhood resident of the Warsaw Ghetto during the Holocaust.
A story of kindness, tragicomedy, communication barriers and love, featuring Iron (a hearing musician) and Tara (a deaf dancer).
Kraig Greff's holiday piano CD with 10 holiday classics and 2 original compositions.
A dynamic mix of contemporary jazz, blues and R&B influenced by gospel and Brazilian grooves.
Modern tales of a neighborhood unlike any other in Baltimore. Arcadia Publishing.
Archival photographs, paintings, maps to tell the story of the historic seaport. Arcadia Publishing.
A poignant, provocative, sometimes funny, always revealing look at a community coping with change.
Easing Into Yoga with Linda Howard offers a flexible, adaptable approach to yoga for beginners in any condition.
2-DVD series of photography instructions. In Digital Photography Unleashed, we learn digital photography while enjoying an adventure photographing animals near Yosemite.


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Stian Blipp is a popular TV-host and performer with a number of talents, including stand up, dancing and beat boxing.
Currently he's hosting one of Norway's biggest talk shows, Senkveld on TV2, together with Helene Olafsen.
Stian was the first host to ever single handedly lead the Norwegian IDOL for two seasons, with great success. He has also hosted the show Mitt Dansecrew on TV2. His humorous and playful confidence gave him the «Audience Favorite» award on Gullruten in 2013.
In 2016 he performed in 70 nights of the famous musical Singin' in the Rain along with Atle Pettersen. For his interpretation as Cosmo Brown he was awarded Musical Artist of the Year, by the Norwegian Musical Theater Forum.
He hosted his very own talk show Stian Blipp Show on TV2 for two seasons in 2017/2018, establishing himself as a warm, confident and funny late night talk show host.
Stian is available for hosting of events, stand up and commercial collaborations.
Photo: Fred Jonny
We are ANTI Brandpeople, and we stand proudly behind our culture makers. They're the ones that are doing the stuff that everyone's talking about. The buzz makers. The influencers. The daring ones. The Brandpeople team challenges the status quo, and reaches out with a strong and unique voice to make lasting impressions. We excel at curating personal brands, building careers, and finding relevant and opportune ways for our clients to be heard. We use our extensive knowledge from international and domestic award winning identity and communication projects to customize and maximize the presence of artists.
Our team manages bookings, product development, content marketing, sponsorships and how to bridge artists and influencers to commercial business. We do PR, social media strategy, media buying, casting and booking for private events.
ANTI Brandpeople is a part of the multi-diciplinary agency ANTI who offer creative solutions to world wide brands. ANTI works within the fields of design, communication, advertising, TV and content production.


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The Punk Rock of Business is the Ultimate Way to Differentiate
Punk Rock attitude for business startups? Here is how the author, Jeremy Dale, makes the case for the Punk Rock of Business.
Punk Rock attitude for business startups? Here is how the author, Jeremy Dale, makes the case for the Punk Rock of Business.Nov 24, 2018 134 Shares
In the book Growth IQ, Author Tiffani Bova presents some real-life case studies on making smarter decisions to grow your business.Jul 29, 2018 176 Shares
The authors of Born to Build have written a useful tomb for entrepreneurs seeking a balanced approach to building their business in the face of fierce competitions.Jul 14, 2018 126 Shares
In Straight Talk for Startups, authors Komisar and Reigersman share 100 time-tested rules to building a start up from a financial and operational standpoint.Jul 1, 2018 168 Shares
Melinda Emerson gives small business owners who feel like it's caving in around them a plan to restore order with her new book, Fix Your Business.Apr 29, 2018 139 Shares
Author Jeffrey Hayzlett explores the tough times between a grand opening and a milestone and how to get from one to the other.Apr 14, 2018 152 Shares
The Growth Dilemma seeks to help entrepreneurs and small business owners navigate the murky waters of capital acquisition by focusing on three critical success factors. Find out what they are after the jump.Mar 17, 2018 162 Shares
Small Business Hacks offers entrepreneurs a compiled list of the top 100 issues that small business owners face and then tells them how to solve them.Feb 25, 2018 213 Shares
Built for Growth explores the link between personality and business growth by helping you leverage your own "builder personality" to maximize success.Nov 26, 2017 228 Shares
In Hack the Entrepreneur, business-building expert Jon Nastor shares advice on crafting a business that fits around the lifestyle you desire.Oct 22, 2017 217 Shares
The authors of Venture Deals demystify the venture capital industry for startup businesses who want to understand term sheets and the legalities involved.Sep 30, 2017 337 Shares
The Ultimate Start-Up Guide is a different kind of business book. It's a guide to how startups can succeed by studying how most startups fail.Sep 10, 2017 263 Shares