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Arabian Tales is a fun and visually impressive slot by Rival Gaming that is themed around the storybook of 1001 nights and offers the players a free spins game with up to 50 free spins, 11 normal and 4 special symbols, including a Jackpot Scatter that can pay 2500 coins!
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Our Arabian Tales Slots Rating
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Arabian Tales is actually one of the better Rival Gaming slots, and if we know they don't usually go above 95% RTP then we can't ask for more than what we got in this Arabian themed slot.
Arabian Tales Slots – Our General review
Arabian Tales uses a standard 3×5 board but with a bit less standard setup of 50 paylines that pay left to right. You may choose any number of paylines between 1 and 50, therefore directly influencing the variance of your playing session. Graphics are nice and are done in a style that resembles Disney's take on this same story, and all the symbols you'd expect to see in a slot themed around it are here, all nicely drawn.
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Free spins in Arabian Tales have a 3x win multiplier on all wins. You'll get 12, 25 or 50 free spins for three, four or five Genie Scatters respectively. In general, the free spins game isn't spectacular, it's just a way to get some more cash to continue playing the game and hope for a big win that will come sooner or later. This isn't necessarily bad, as the majority of the payout is readily available in the base game as well, especially in case of Jackpot Scatters which actually is the flagship feature of this game.
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The theoretical return to player (RTP) is only 95%, which puts this game at the very edge of usability. Classic slots players won't mind the lower payout since the game offers that Jackpot Scatter that can really pay well, and therefore the award is worth the risk. This is a nicely balanced game that can offer a lot to the player, and any winning sessions will definitely include either a big Wild 2x win multiplier win, some nice win during the free spins game with a 3x win multiplier, or that Scatter wins.
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Expanding Access to Hands-On Technology and Learning Opportunities with Vernier
Expanded access to hands-on technology has been instrumental in helping my students at Los Fresnos High School, a predominately Hispanic, economically-disadvantaged school on the southern border of Texas, improve their comprehension and district assessment scores. As such, I am always looking for new, exciting, and relevant ways to incorporate data-collection technology into my lessons.
"I have continuously used Vernier technology to create a positive change in my course curriculum and to engage my students at all levels."
I was first introduced to Vernier technology nearly 10 years ago during my participation in a U.S. Department of Education GEAR UP (Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs) Grant that allowed me to receive training on the use of data-collection technology. Since then, I have continuously used Vernier technology to create a positive change in my course curriculum and to engage my students at all levels.
When we started the AP Physics program during the 2010–11 school year, for example, I was tasked with creating rigorous labs for the course so that students excelled on state tests. Vernier was an instrumental part of this curriculum and especially helpful in having students practice their graphing skills, which is an area where we saw students' scores improve. The technology really helped students make connections and see how the data supported the concepts they were learning in class. Plus, the technology was so easy to set up and intuitive to use, which was a big draw.
"The technology really helped students make connections and see how the data supported the concepts they were learning in class. Plus, the technology was so easy to set up and intuitive to use, which was a big draw."
Today, I continue to engage my physics students in various inquiry-based investigations utilizing data-collection technology, which helped earn me a 2018 Vernier/NSTA Technology Award. This take on the traditional egg drop lab uses a Vernier LabQuest 2, sensors, and other materials to teach students about impulse.
In addition to improving upon existing labs such as this, I plan to use the newly-acquired technology from the Vernier/NSTA Technology Award as an integrated part of my AP Physics course and to prepare students for their end-of-year AP exams. With new rotatory motion sensors, motion detectors, circuit boards, and LabQuest 2 devices, students will have expanded access to even more data-collection technology and will no longer have to rely on simulations to learn key concepts!
- Misty Heredia
- Los Fresnos High School
- Los Fresnos, TX
Educator Success Stories
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- From Microplastics to Algae Blooms: Analyzing Lake Erie's Environmental Pollution
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- Launching Our Engineering Program with Vernier
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subset: commoncrawl


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I made it to the Unitarian Church on Stephen's Green last night to what is best described as Boys Night in the Ergodos Festival. A brilliantly programmed concert, Expressway To Yr Skull featured five works (all written by male composers) performed by five guys on electric guitars and drums. I realise, of course, that this may be coming across as tinged with female chauvinism but in no way did the "boys night" feel to the evening detract from my ability to enjoy the concert.
Festival co-director Benedict Schlepper-Connolly welcomed the audience and also prepared us for the likelihood that they would spend a large portion of the evening tweaking guitar strings as, through "some stroke of genius", they managed to programme five works in five different tunings (actually it was more than five tunings as in a couple of the works there were two or three tunings used!). The first work was a duet between Connolly and the work's composer Brian Ledwidge Flynn. I am a big fan of Flynn's music (and I am comfortable saying this despite being a friend of his) and mentioned his Abraxas project in an earlier post. Last night's work Zeitgeber Gears was another demonstration of his versatility as a composer. I would like to reprint the programme notes here as they illustrate the work perfectly (which is not always the case with programme notes) but suffice to say, the four movements, or "tracks", tease the listener as they evoke half-remembered B-sides from early 90's alternative rock.
I found Brian Bridges Infraction for electric guitar and strings a difficult work to appreciate. An expression of deviation from western tonality, my initial impression was that of my great-grandmothers old button accordion, which was desperately out of tune but could produce the most amazing sounds if you ignored diatonic tonality.
Simon O'Connor explored the "magic line" of sound produced by electric guitar in prolonged notes on two guitars, building one note on each guitar to the point of breaking before releasing tension with a new note on the other guitar. This continued and the piece grew into repeated rhythms and long sustained notes.
After a brief skip out into the rain for the smokers, the concert continued with Larry Polansky's ii-v-i, a beautiful exercise in tuning and loop pedals for solo guitar and ended with Electric Guitar Quartet by festival co-director Garrett Sholdice. After a bewilderingly extended set-up time and tuning, the guitars finally settled into what seemed like random note and rhythm patterns but what resolved into the creation of a distinct melodic atmosphere. In an inspired move Sholdice invited drummer Dennis Cassidy to perform with the quartet. Cassidy is a pleasure to watch as he works hard to produce the most gentle and delicate of sounds, supporting the four guitars in their efforts.


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"Space may well become the next 'big' project of European security and defence policy integration, if not of European integration per se."[1]
By the end of the 20th century, the European Union (EU) began to increase its policy agenda towards a more security- and defence-oriented perspective. The evolution of the European Security and Defence Policy (today: Common Security and Defence Policy) was seen as the next step in Europe's role as a global player and was, according to enthusiasts towards this development, considered to be the logical next step.[2] During the 2000s, the implementation of the security dimension increased the awareness and importance of space significantly. The European institutions drafted several documents on Europe's role in space, established the European Defence Agency (EDA) to deal solely with European defence and security issues, intensified the cooperation with and, ultimately, aligned the European Space Agency (ESA) to the EU framework. Subsequently, these evolutions increased the importance of security as a political area and particularly for space in particular.
Resultantly, these developments contributed to Europe's increased role as a global player in the international systems. The initial quote by Iraklis Oikonomou gives credit to this development and adequately points out the European Union's mission statement in terms of space security. In the last ten years, the importance of space, especially in terms of security, has significantly increased and has advanced Europe's position in the world.
This essay will focus on the development of space policy and assess how the EU expanded its space policy towards security. In this regard, it will be argued that the expansion of Europe's space policy towards the security dimension was a strategic development, serving the retention and enhancement of EU's long-term goal of becoming a competitive global player. Within this developmental process, the EU broadened the meaning of security, pursued institutional changes and amplified its space initiatives like Galileo and GMES towards the security dimension.
Specifically regarding Europe's space policy, it has to be recognised that "[…] as one industry expert […] baldly explained, the sensitive word 'military' was carefully replaced by 'security' to smoothen acceptance of their research agenda"[3]. Initiatives like GMES and Galileo were initially promoted as civilian projects but can be considered projects with dual-use capability due to the developments during the 2000s.
The first section will deal with the aspects of the security expansion process and will outline significant factors for the development of a security dimension in Europe in general and space in particular. The subsequent section will put the focus then on space and outline the introduction of the security dimension into this policy area before concluding thoughts will finalize this essay.
Aspects of the Security Expansion Process
The 1998 Saint Malo summit is considered a turning point for the EU in its development from a solely civilian and economic community towards a security community. The subsequent development of the CFSP removed, as Howorth states, the obstacles Europe faced in order to deal with this policy area because they hindered the Union "[…] from evolving and maturing as a global political actor"[4]. Through this development, the EU attempted to close the gap the United States had left after its increased disengagement in Europe. Additionally, it was also realised that Europe needed an increased and coordinated security framework, so that failures like the war in Bosnia (1992-1995) would not happen again.
The evolution of the CSDP in the aftermaths of the Saint Malo summit therefore marks the starting point for the establishment of a shared security understanding of the EU member states. This development evolved through the creation of additional documents, like the European Security Strategy (ESS) of 2003 and 2008. Both documents outline the increased importance of the security dimension and define the shared understanding of the member states. Both documents reinstate the need for the European Union to fulfil its duties as a global player and share the responsibility for global security.
Interestingly, the ESS understands security as precondition for social and economic developments and Europe's pursuit to become a global player. A similar argumentation can be found surrounding Europe's plans for space. Furthermore, the European Security Strategies succeeded in their aim to outline the importance of increased security cooperation between the member states and the general importance of security[5] for the development of the European Union as a global actor. Therefore, the broadening of the security paradigm through the EU was a prerequisite for any expansions in the European space policy. Accordingly, a coherent European space policy had to be located in this broadened security paradigm.[6] Sheehan concludes that
"[…] as the definition of 'security' expanded to embrace areas such as the economy and the environment, the EU found itself with legitimate security roles, making it far easier to move one stage further and enter the military security arena"[7].
The importance of space was emphasised through political initiatives like the 2000 Lisbon Strategy and its "[…] ambitious goal for the Union to become the most dynamic and competitive region in the world economy by 2010"[8].[9] Simultaneously, through the release of the 2000 European Strategy for Space, space became associated with this goal as it "[…] emphasized the highly strategic characteristics of space as a tool for sovereignty, scientific progress and economic development, to the benefit of European citizens"[10].
More recently, another step was taken within the 2011 European Space Strategy to manifest the long-term goal to become a global player into the field of space policy. The importance of space to assert Europe's role as a global player is outlined in the social, economic, and strategic dimension of the strategy. With regard to the economic dimension, the European Space Strategy states that space is "[…] a driving force for innovation and contributes to competitiveness, growth and job creation […]". It also points out the importance of the security dimension to achieve this goal within the strategic dimension: "[…] space serves to cement the EU's position as a major player on the international stage and contributes to the Union's economic and political independence". Therefore, the documents[11] above adequately outline the evolution of space towards a significant field of European politics and its contributions to Europe's long-term goal.
The evolution of the security dimension in space had its roots in the increased militarisation of space[12]. Since the beginning of the space age, nations like the Soviet Union and the United States have engaged in the military use of space, pursued military research and development, and even tested weapons for the use and deployment in space. Treaties like the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty attempted to halt this development. The 2002 American withdrawal from the ABM-Treaty had the potential to lead to a 'weaponized' space environment but in the end did not take place yet. Nevertheless, the militarisation of outer space continued unhindered and its importance increased significantly.
The initial idea behind the military use of space is to "[…] help the military break through the fog of war […]"[13]. This became, especially for the United States, of increasing importance since the 1991 Gulf War, which turned out to be know as the first space war. The war established the recognition that space assets (e.g. for reconnaissance, navigation and intelligence purposes) can serve as force enhancers or multipliers[14]. Europe's awareness developed through the military operations in Kosovo and Afghanistan when "[…] space assets have almost proved to be prerequisites for both active and fully controlled military participation in allied coalitions"[15].
By the end of the 20th century, the military use of space became central to military operations of the major powers and improved the situational awareness of the battle groups and the management of battle space.[16] Contrary to most American space projects, which were immediately implemented into the military[17], were the EU flagship programs like Galileo and GMES purely civilian initiatives. The military availability of these programs did not begin until the mid-2000s. According to authors such as Alexander Kolovos, the militarisation of space was a logical move due to the essential support these assets provide to other capabilities. Besides the improvements for battle space management, space assets can also increase the situational awareness for decision-makers "…to minimize uncertainty and increase the chances for prudent political decision making"[18]. This is particular important regarding EU's role as a global player because it allows to verify agreements for additional means, e.g. through surveillance satellites. Moreover, the added intelligence enhances EU's negotiation ability with regard to security matters. Both the EU and ESA have recognized this importance and have increased their involvement in the field of Space Situational Awareness (SSA) respectively. The EU began to fund SSA-related activities, and ESA launched a preparatory program "[…] which might lead to a fully fledged SSA programme starting in 2012 […]"[19].
Frank Slijper points towards the ambiguity of Western states with regard to the militarisation of space. He argues that although EU member states support UN initiatives to prevent an arms race in space, they have become increasingly dependent on military satellite services. Furthermore, they introduce common space asset initiatives more frequently and support the drive to common European space policy.[20] This criticism seems, at first sight, understandable. However, a closer look at Slijper's argument reveals that his criticism slightly loses its adequacy because he does not clearly distinguish weaponization from militarisation of space[21]. UN initiatives like the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) or Russian-Chinese working paper on a Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects (PPWT) deal with the actual use of weapons in space but do not include restrictions on the militarisation of space. Therefore, it is less ambiguous to support initiatives against the weaponization of space and, at the same time, become more interested in the militarisation of space and the use of military satellite services. Hence, a clear distinction between these two terms is necessary and important.
Developments Towards a Space Security Policy
When speaking about the European Space Policy, it is important to note that it is a fairly young project. Although national programs (e.g. in France, the United Kingdom and Germany) and attempts for a European space organization (e.g. European Space Research Organization (ELDO)) emerged early within the space age, one can hardly speak of the existence of a coherent European space policy. Rather, the European attempts to develop a space organization mainly served the cooperation of national programs for scientific purposes and, most importantly, promotion of collaboration among European states for solely peaceful purposes.[22]
The implementation of the strategic dimension found its culmination in the 2007 European Space Policy (ESP) as a result from negotiations about the above-mentioned and additional reports surrounding the importance of space.[23] While the ESP mainly acknowledged the economic benefits resulting from internal and external cooperation, it is important to note that it acknowledges to support the goals of the CFSP and "[…] improve coordination between defence and civilian space programmes, pursuing in particular the synergies in the domain of security […]". The ESP therefore considers "[…] the space sector as a strategic asset contributing to the independence, security and prosperity of Europe and its role in the world […]". Frank Slijper further argues that the ESP is "[…] considered to be the formal break with the past, when the EU and ESA (formally) always carefully avoided any clear involvement in the military dimensions of space"[24]. It can, therefore, be considered the culmination of Europe's strategic development towards a more security-, or as Slijper calls it military-oriented EU space policy.
Additionally, the 2011 European Space Strategy outlines that "[…] space policy is an instrument serving the Union's internal and external policies […]" and defines once again its importance for the three main areas of European policy, namely the social, economic, and strategic dimension. In this regard, the Space Strategy sees the space infrastructure as an instrument that "[…] can serve the European Union's security and defense interests […]" and as an asset that "[…] requires protection".
In a 2012 Special Issue of the international space magazine Space Policy 'New Horizons for Europe – A European Studies Perspective on European Space Policy', Max Mutschler and Christophe Venet correctly point out that Europe is still searching for a coherent space security strategy, that the security dimension is still underdeveloped and that such a strategy has to be implemented primarily into the CSDP. Although this is indeed a valid claim, and Europe still needs to improve the coherence of its space strategy, one can concede that the European Space Strategy makes a step forward because it calls for intergovernmental cooperation with regard to space for security and defence and for "…the spirit of the Common Security and Defense Policy…". The space strategy has already made important steps towards closing the gap outlined by these two authors. Through the increased pooling of resources and the increased use of and cooperation in space initiatives, it is possible to achieve such a coherent space security strategy. Nevertheless, it will need time, particularly within the complex EU framework.
In hindsight, the establishment of the European Space Agency[25] can be considered being the "…turning point in the history of Europe in space"[26]. Since its establishment in 1975, the scope and importance of ESA increased, but remained mainly focused on scientific and industrial space initiatives. The 2004 Framework Agreement aligned ESA towards the EU and ultimately expanded its scope towards a more strategic dimension. Nevertheless, this agreement solidified ESA's position as a driving force behind the importance and use of space for the benefits of the European Union and its citizens.
ESA's importance in space activities increased due to the declining activities of space nations such as France and the increasing scope and budget of space programs in general.[27] Regarding ESA's space activities, especially Art. II (ESA Convention) deserves increased attention because it states that
"the purpose of the Agency shall be to provide for and to promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European States in space research and technology and their space application, with a view to their being used for scientific purposes and for operational space application systems…".
Due to the alignment with the EU, this article became subject to discussions about the interpretation of the phrase 'for exclusively peaceful purposes'. ESA did not define the term 'peaceful' and it remained open to interpretation what the Convention actually meant by it. After the Framework Agreement, this term became more and more interpreted as non-offensive or non-aggressive and not anymore as non-military.[28] The re-interpretation of the ESA Convention ultimately enabled the agency to participate increasingly in military initiatives[29] and to play an even greater role in the development and shaping of Europe's space policy (i.e. the EC-ESA joint draft of the 2007 Space Policy).
Interestingly, the will to reinterpret the notion in this manner raised internally and was already pointed out in 2000 by then-ESA Director-General Rodota[30], who proposed that "…the agency should become the EU's space arm, but also that it should extend its remit into the military field"[31]. This is a remarkable statement and shows that ESA immediately realized the importance of expanding its scope to acquire expanded political leverage and potentially increased funding. Additionally, ESA realized the opportunity to become a key player in shaping the development of the European security dimension.
A critical development was the already mentioned broadening of the security paradigm, which allowed the EU to become a "…legitimate 'security' actor" (Sheehan, 2009: 179). This was not only a crucial step for EU's role as international player but also an important development for ESA "…to move effectively into policy areas previously denied…"[32] to both entities.
The expansion of the security dimension accompanies the subsequent inclusion of defence interests into European space activities. Iraklis Oikonomou deals with this development in an article in the above-mentioned special issue of Space Policy. He focuses on the developments of the European Defence Agency and its increased attempts "…to develop and consolidate EU military-related space capabilities"[33]. According to Oikonomou
"the rationale for the agency's role in [space] policy is two-fold: the need to develop military capabilities as part of the EU policy of power projection embodied in ESDP; and the need to strengthen the global competitiveness of the European arms and aerospace manufacturers"[34].
The EDA, as a recognized space actor in Europe, pursues its own Earth observation project (i.e. MUSIS), which supports its role, despite its limited success, as a cornerstone in realising Europe's military ambitions.[35] In this regard, the 2006 EDA Long-Term Vision deserves attention because it outlines the importance of knowledge as "…a vital resource in armed conflict"[36]. Especially the importance of space assets for the acquisition of such knowledge became acknowledged. It supports the claim of Alexander Kolovos about the uncertainty reduction for decision-makers. Therefore, the long-term vision stresses the need of military forces to possess intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities.
It is important to note that the increased cooperation between the Commission, ESA and EDA ultimately gave EDA significant access to GMES and Galileo. This increased cooperation and pooling of resources ultimately led to the situation where "…the scope of civilian and quasi-civilian projects is expanded, thus multiplying the range of mission, applications and, eventually, end-users"[37]. Although EDA is not deeply involved in EU's mil-space policy yet, it "…feeds developments in other essential aspects of this policy, such as SSA and satellite communication"[38].
Another factor for the expansion of Europe's space strategy is the engagement of, as Iraklis Oiknomou calls it, the politico-economic rationale.[39] The importance of this rationale became clear in 2008 when the President of the European Commission, Jose Manuel Barroso, described the importance of space:
"…'Space both requires and generates new technologies, knowledge intensive services, new products and new form of cooperation. All this stimulates innovation and creates new jobs beyond the space industry'"[40].
This quote summarizes adequately how space became another crucial factor in Europe's industrial competitiveness. Consequently, GMES contributes not only to the security of Europe but also "…to produce the market itself for the relevant services, in an orchestrated manner with the users"[41].
Michael Sheehan presents a good explanation for the importance of industrial engagement by pointing out that a demand decrease for civilian satellites leads to an increase of the military market by exploiting dual-use technologies.[42] Security applications of GMES and Galileo would therefore be required to keep space projects attractive and fulfil Europe's goal for economic competitiveness and social prosperity. Thus, one can agree with Iraklis Oikonomou when stating that it is "needless to say that securing the space assets entails new long-term market and funding opportunities for the European space industry"[43]. Accordingly, it cannot be denied that the industry and, as will be outlined below, the military have their share in the security expansion of Europe's space policy.
Authors like Frank Slijper rightly criticized the way Europe expanded its space policy for its 'silent' extension, or its extension 'in disguise'. Throughout the 2000s, Europe developed a more security-oriented EU space policy, but this happened largely unnoticed by the public. Frank Slijper therefore raises a valid point when criticising the democratic deficit and calls for Europe to "…invest much more energy in addressing new policies to the general public"[44].
This development can best be exemplified with the GMES project, one of EU's flagship projects: starting in 1998, the acronym was known for 'Global Monitoring for Environment Security'. Within a year, the security part became independent and the acronym changed towards 'Global Monitoring for Environment and Security'. Despite the assertion of the European Commission that "'…the 'S' in GMES covers the security and protection of citizens related to environmental threat'"[45], authors, like Iraklis Oikonomou and Frank Slijper, contest the purely civilian character of GMES, and argue that such projects (another example could be Galileo) have a significant military component[46], despite the official rhetoric of European officials.[47]
The above-mentioned European Space Strategy supports their statement by calling for the enhancement of the 'S'. The Strategy calls for the identification of dual-use observation resources with regard to GMES "…for example for the systematic surveillance of large geographical areas or the tactical surveillance of smaller areas". Especially in comparison with the increased list of threats outlined in the 2008 Report on the ESS, such an enhancement of the security capabilities can contribute to providing surveillance capabilities for the observation of the potential proliferation of WMDs. With regard to, for example, the on-going negotiations with Iran about its nuclear program, Europe could rely on its own resources for the verification and observation of agreements and accords, and could provide the European delegation with a higher level of independence for verification purposes.
The Galileo project is another supportive example for the possible dual-use capabilities of space technology. It was developed to secure the availability of a navigation system in case of denied access to the American GPS system in times of crisis.[48] Although starting out as "…the first satellite navigation system in the world designed for civilian use"[49], it became more and more connected to military use. By equipping the system with the Public Regulated Services (PRS), to provide "…encrypted signals to be used by military and security users"[50], it became an increasingly interesting tool for military users, law-enforcement agencies and emergency-response services.
This development consequently fits into the policy initiatives and goals of the European Union. Nevertheless, it cannot be ignored that the democratic deficit and the lack of public announcements cast a cloud on such developments. Owing to the possibility for dual-use capabilities, that projects like GMES and Galileo possess, the silent expansion of space understandably led to criticism and concerns of the (interested) public.
This essay outlined the manner in which Europe expanded its space policy towards the security dimension and showed that it was a strategic development with respect to the long-term goal of becoming an important global player.
Throughout the analysis, it became clear that space can and should play an important role and is ultimately beneficial by providing support to decision-makers and helping them to overcome their uncertainty about other states' intentions and capacities; or as Kenneth Booth and Nicholas Wheeler call it, their dilemma of interpretation.[51] The importance of information for this process is essential and it is unquestionable that space assets can help resolving these needs.
Besides Europe's internal will to increase its role in the international system, it can also be acknowledged that space assets are of incredible value for military operations, e.g. under the umbrella NATO. Thus, Europe has achieved improvements the strategic decision to introduce the security dimension into its space policy was a necessary and ultimately, as Howorth pointed out, logical step for Europe in general and for its space policy in particular.
Nicolas Peter's claim that "…the EU's increasing involvement in space affairs is leading to the emergence of a 'EU space diplomacy'"[52] is therefore a valid and supportable interpretation of the space developments. Space ultimately becomes another instrument in the diplomatic toolbox and increases the abilities of European decision-makers in the international system.
Despite this, one should not ignore criticisms as, for example, outlined by Frank Slijper. Especially the above-mentioned statement of an industry expert that "…the sensitive word 'military' was carefully replaced by 'security' to smoothen acceptance…"[53] and its manifestation in the EU flagship projects Galileo and GMES, can be considered worrisome. The EU did not benefit from changing its space policy through these methods, because it has made itself vulnerable to criticism of democratic deficit. In this regard, the EU should react to Sljiper's argument by putting more efforts in addressing the public in an adequate manner, when introducing new policies. This claim is also emphasized by supporters of the EU's expansion of security policy, such as Xavier Pasco.
Nevertheless, the security expansion was necessary due to political integration and, additionally, the goal of Europe to acquire autonomy from non-European services and technology suppliers.
This essay therefore agrees with Xavier Pasco's claim that
"…military space thinking doesn't have to be kept a prisoner of the still-existing separation between space and non-space systems but must rather become a transparent element of an all-inclusive European security architecture that will be both civilian-military and space and non-space based"[54].
Primary Resources
Council of the European Union. 2003 A Secure Europe in a Better World: European Security Strategy, [online] Available at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/78367.pdf [Accessed on 5 May 2012].
Council of the European Union. 2007 Resolution on the European Space Policy (ESA BR 269)[online] Available at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/intm/94166.pdf [Accessed on 2 May 2012].
Council of the European Union. 2008 Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy: Providing Security in a Changing World, (S407/08), [online] Available at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/reports/104630.pdf [Accessed 2 May 2012].
European Commission. 2010 Europe 2020: A Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, (COM (2010) 2020 final), [online] Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:2020:FIN:EN:PDF [Accessed on 3 May 2012].
European Commission. 2011 Towards a Space Strategy for the European Union that benefits its citizens, (COM (2011) 152), [online] Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0152:FIN:EN:PDF [Accessed on 17 April 2012].
European Defense Agency. 2006 An Initial Long-Term Vision for European Defence Capabilities and Capacity Needs, [online] Available at: http://ue.eu.int/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/reports/91135.pdf [Accessed on 03 May 2012].
European Space Agency. 1975 Convention for the Establishment of the European Space Agency.
Secondary Resources
Booth, Ken and Wheeler, Nicholas J. 2008 The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation and Trust in World Politics (New York: Palgrave MacMillan).
Caldicott, Helen and Eisendrath, Craig. 2007 War in Heaven: The Arms Race in Outer Space (New York/London: The New Press).
Hoerber, Thomas. 2012 'New horizons for Europe – A European Studies perspective on European space policy', Space Policy 28, pp. 77-80.
Howorth, Jolyon. 2007 Security and Defence in the European Union (New York: Palgrave MacMillan).
Johnson-Freese, Joan. 2007 Space as a Strategic Asset (New York: Columbia University Press).
Kolovos, Alexander. 2002 'Why Europe needs space as part of its security and defence policy', Space Policy 18, pp. 257-261.
Merlingen, Michael and Ostrauskaite, Rasa. 2008 'Introduction: The European Union in International Security Affairs', in, Merlingen, Michael and Ostrauskaite, Rasa (eds.) European Security and Defence Policy: An implementation perspective (London/New York: Routledge), pp. 1-8
Mowthorpe, Matthew. 2004 The Militarization and Weaponization of Space (Oxford: Lexington Books).
Mutschler, Max M. and Venet, Christophe. 2012 'The European Union as an emerging actor in space security?', Space Policy 28, pp.118-124.
Nardon, Laurence. 2011 'Developed Space Programmes', in, Sadeh, Eligar (ed.) The Politics of Space: A Survey, 1st edition (London/New York: Routledge), pp.58-76.
Oikonomou, Iraklis. 2010 GMES and the making of EU military space policy: Beyond the rhetoric, Paper presented at the 40th UACES Annual Conference, Brugge.
Oikonomou, Iraklis. 2012 'The European Defense Agency and EU military space policy: Whose space odyssey?', Space Policy 28, pp. 102-108.
Pasco, Xavier. 2009 'Toward a European military space architecture', in, Coletta, Damon and Pilch, Frances T. (eds.) Space and Defence Policy (New York: Routledge), pp.290-311.
Peter, Nicolas. 2007 'The EU's emergent space diplomacy', Space Policy 23, pp.97-107.
Sheehan, Michael. 2007 The International Politics of Space (London/New York: Routledge).
Sheehan, Michael. 2009 'Profaning the path to the sacred. The militarisation of the European space programme', in, Bormann, Natalie and Sheehan, Michael (eds.) Securing Outer Space (London/New York: Routledge), pp.170-185.
Slijper, Frank. 2008 From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space (Amsterdam: TNI/Campagne tegen Wapenhandel).
Slijper, Frank. 2009 'The EU should freeze its military ambitions in space', Space Policy 25, pp.70-74.
Wolter, Detlev. 2006 Common Security in Outer Space and International Law (Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research).
[1] Oikonomou, I. 'The European Defense Agency and EU military space policy: Whose space odyssey?', Space Policy, (Vol. 28, 2012), pp. 109.
[2] Howorth, J. Security and Defence in the European Union (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2007), pp. 2.
[3] Slijper, F. From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space (Amsterdam: TNI/Campagne tegen Wapenhandel, 2008), pp. 24.
[4] Howorth, J. Security and Defence in the European Union, pp. 36.
[5] It has to be acknowledge, that, originally, the 'S' in CFSP referred mainly to soft security (ethnic conflict, post-violence stabilization, etc.) (Merlingen and Ostrauskaite, 2008: 2). The aim of the ESS was to successfully increase the meaning of the 'S' and included bigger security issues like the proliferation of WMDs and terrorism, into the scope of the European security thinking.
[6] Sheehan, M. The International Politics of Space (London/New York: Routledge, 2007), pp. 88.
[7] Ibid., pp. 89.
[8] Peter, N. 'The EU's emergent space diplomacy', Space Policy, (Vol.23, 2007), pp. 98.
[9] This goal became incorporated into the ESS and outlined in the EC report Europe 2020, too.
10 Peter, N. 'The EU's emergent space diplomacy', pp. 100.
[11] Additional documents about the increased space importance are i.e. the 2003 EU report Space and Security Policy in Europe and the 2003 White & Green Paper.
[12] A lengthy analysis of the weaponization/militarisation debate can be found in Johnson-Freese, Joan. 2007 Space as a Strategic Asset (New York: Columbia University Press).
[13] Johnson-Freese, J. Space as a Strategic Asset (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), pp. 90.
[14] Ibid.pp. 91.
[15] Pasco, X. 'Toward a European military space architecture', In: Coletta, Damon and Pilch, Frances T. (eds.) Space and Defence Policy (New York: Routledge, 2009), pp. 293.
[16] Sheehan, M. The International Politics of Space, pp. 92.
[17] Systems like GPS were developed under the auspices of the military and the majority of space planning takes place through military personnel (e.g. USSTRATCOM its responsibility for the US space doctrine) (see Sheehan, M. The International Politics of Space, 116-7).
[18] Kolovos, A. 'Why Europe needs space as part of its security and defence policy', Space Policy, (Vol. 18, 2002); pp. 259.
[19] Mutschler, M. and Venet, Chr. 'The European Union as an emerging actor in space security?', Space Policy, (Vol. 28, 2012), pp. 121.
[20] Slijper, F. From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space, pp. 18.
[21] Militarisation of space can be defined as "…the use of assets based in space to enhance the military effectiveness of conventional forces or the use of space assets for military purposes (see Mowthorpe, M. The Militarization and Weaponization of Space (Oxford: Lexington Books, 2004), pp. 3). Weaponization, otherwise, can be defined as the "…use of a space object that was designed or modified specifically for the purpose of inflicting permanent physical damage on any other object through the projection of mass or energy" (see Wolter, D. Common Security in Outer Space and International Law (Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, 2006, pp. 31).
[22] Sheehan, M. The International Politics of Space, pp. 81.
[23] Slijper, F. From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space, pp. 18.
[24] Ibid., pp. 23.
[25] It is important to note that ESA remained outside of the framework of the EC/EU. It lasted until 2004 that the EU and ESA signed a Framework Agreement for a closer, efficient and mutually beneficial cooperation and to develop a coherent and progressive basis of an overall European Space Policy (see Peter, N.'The EU's emergent space diplomacy', pp.102).
[26] Sheehan, M. The International Politics of Space, pp. 84.
[27] Nardon, L. 'Developed Space Programmes', In: Sadeh, Eligar (ed.) The Politics of Space: A Survey, 1st edition (London/New York: Routledge, 2011), pp. 68.
[28] i.e. Hoerber, Th. 'New horizons for Europe – A European Studies perspective on European space policy', Space Policy, (Vol. 28, 2012); Slijper, F. From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space.
[29] Slijper, F. From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space.
[30] ESA Director-General, Jean-Jacques Dordain, embraced the idea of an increased militarisation of ESA when he highlights that "…perhaps the most important element of the European Space Policy's has been the strong expression of all partners that space is a strategic asset for Europe" (see Slijper, F. From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space, pp. 35-6).
[31] Sheehan, M. 'Profaning the path to the sacred. The militarisation of the European space programme', In: Bormann, Natalie and Sheehan, Michael (eds.) Securing Outer Space (London/New York: Routledge, 2009), pp. 177.
[32] Ibid., pp. 179.
[33] Oikonomou, I. 'The European Defense Agency and EU military space policy: Whose space odyssey?', pp. 102.
[34] Ibid., pp. 106.
[35] Slijper, F. 'The EU should freeze its military ambitions in space', Space Policy, (Vol. 25, 2009), pp. 70.
[36] European Defense Agency. 2006 'An Initial Long-Term Vision for European Defence Capabilities and Capacity Needs', http://ue.eu.int/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/reports/91135.pdf [Accessed on 3 May 2012], pp. 14.
[37] Oikonomou, I. 'The European Defense Agency and EU military space policy: Whose space odyssey?', pp. 106.
[38] Ibid., pp. 106.
[39] Oikonomou, I. GMES and the making of EU military space policy: Beyond the rhetoric, Paper presented at the 40th UACES Annual Conference, Brugge, September 2010, pp. 1.
[40] quoted in Ibid, pp. 10.
[41] Ibid., pp. 11.
[42] Sheehan, M. 'Profaning the path to the sacred. The militarisation of the European space programme', pp. 182.
[43] Oikonomou, I. GMES and the making of EU military space policy: Beyond the rhetoric, pp. 9.
[44] Slijper, F. 'The EU should freeze its military ambitions in space', pp. 73.
[45] quoted in Oikonomou, I. GMES and the making of EU military space policy: Beyond the rhetoric, pp. 2 .
[46] This assumption can be supported by a statement of ESA official Stephen Briggs: "….the relevance of GMES is based upon 'increased use of military assets for complex situation responses' and an 'increased global role of Europe and strong public support for CFSP'" (quoted in Slijper, F. From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space, pp. 38).
[47] Oikonomou, I. GMES and the making of EU military space policy: Beyond the rhetoric, Slijper, F. 2008 From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space.
[48] Johnson-Freese, J. Space as a Strategic Asset, pp. 190.
[49] European Commission, 2011 'Towards a Space Strategy for the European Union that benefits its citizens', http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/files/policy/comm_pdf_com_2011_0152_f_communication_en.pdf, [Accessed on 17 April 2012].
[50] Slijper, F. 'The EU should freeze its military ambitions in space', pp. 72.
[51] Booth, K. and Wheeler, N. The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation and Trust in World Politics (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2008), pp. 4.
[52] Howorth, J. Security and Defence in the European Union, pp. 97.
[53] Slijper, F. From Venus to Mars: The European Union's steps towards the militarisation of space, pp. 24.
[54] Pasco, X. 'Toward a European military space architecture', pp. 308.
Written by: Sebastian Kleim
Written at: Aberystwyth University
Written for: Dr. Alistair Shepherd
Date written: May 2012


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After the release of Burberry's newest scent, Mr.Burberry, the luxury label has released their latest collection appropriately titled with the same name.
Story By: Amanda Del Mar
Images By: Burberry
Burberry is following its fragrance campaign for Mr. Burberry with a collection derived by the same inspiration as the Mr.Burberry scent. Burberry is well known for its stylish coats and suits, which was the starting point for both the cologne and the collection. It's the dapper Burberry man we know all too well. The signature Burberry Chelsea trench coat is introduced in four colors. While it's suiting companion is made in those same four colors, and features a skinny tailored technique. The collection also features new bags and complimenting scarfs.


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John McLaughlin
Several new additions to the McLaughlin catalog were imminent at press time, including Trio of Doom—a collection of historical recordings featuring Jaco Pastorius and Tony Williams—and the excellent 2-CD The Essential John McLaughlin (both on Columbia Legacy). McLaughlin is also jazzed about an upcoming DVD featuring the final version of the Mahavishnu Orchestra live at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1984.
"This group was really special," he enthuses. "I was also playing the Synclavier synth guitar, which had features that even today's synth guitars don't have."
Here, McLaughlin lists 13 albums that he feels provide an optimal overview of his work, and comments briefly upon each one. When asked to organize them into our usual three categories, however, he demurred.
"It's really hard for me to classify my recordings, because I love them all," he says. "They are like my paintings, which record and freeze particular periods in my life, and show really well where I was at both musically and spiritually during those periods. So, I've copped out and classified them chronologically. Sorry!"


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What is PAWGUST?
PAWGUST is a fun yet challenging event that encourages people and their pooches to walk 30 minutes a day for 30 days during August. That's roughly 2km per day, which is no small feat in winter weather! By sharing your challenge journey with family and friends and reaching out to collect donations of supPAWt, you will be directly impacting on the lives of Guide Dog puppies in training. These special puppies are also on a journey and one day will help support someone in your local community living with vision loss or blindness. Want more info? Click here to learn more about PAWGUST.
What are the dates?
PAWGUST starts on 1st August and finishes on 30th August
Can I still get involved if I don't have a dog?
Yes, absolutely! We'd love you to!
You can still sign up to take part in PAWGUST even if you don't have a dog. Just be prepared to receive lots of dog puns that are sure to make you laugh!
How can I register?
Registrations for PAWGUST 2020 will open in June 2020. If you'd like to express interest now, please click here
Does it cost to register?
There is no registration cost for PAWGUST
I'm under 18, can I still register?
Yes, absolutely! We love to see under 18s getting involved in this event and we welcome your involvement. We do, however, need a parent/guardian to complete the registration form on your behalf but once that is completed, you're off and away!
How much do I have to walk?
The goal is to walk 30 minutes a day for 30 days during the month of August (which is roughly 2km per day).
Please note: all dogs are different, so it's important to keep in mind the fitness, age and size of your dog when walking during PAWGUST. If you are unsure about your dog's capacity to walk for this amount of time each day, please consult your local vet.
How can I fundraise?
Online via your fundraising page which is set up for you when you register. You will be sent a free PAWGUST pack which will have some great tips and hints to assist you. There are also online resources available which will greatly assist you on your PAWGUST journey. You can check out our fundraising suppawt page.
How do I update my fundraising goal?
Simply login and edit your fundraising goal on your profile page.
Do I have to wait until August to start fundraising?
Definitely not! You can start fundraising as soon as you register. Check out our fundraising suppawt and get started now (the sooner, the better)
Where does the money I raise go?
All of the money raised will go towards providing orientation and mobility training, Guide Dogs, adaptive aids, counselling, case management and so many other vital services to people living with vision loss or blindness. Click here to find services in your state.
If someone donates to my page online, will they get a tax receipt?
Yes. If they donate more than $2 they will receive a tax receipt.
I need help updating my online profile – who can I call?
You can call us on 1300 GUIDE DOGS (1300 48433 3647) and a relevant person in your state will be able to talk you through updating your online profile. If the state contact cannot assist, we will put you in touch with the website customer care support team.
How do I get my free PAWdometer?
After you have successfully registered for PAWGUST, we will be posting you out your PAWGUST pack which will include the all imPAWtant PAWdometer! Make sure you fill out your full address details when you register so that we can send it to you. The free PAWdometer is only available to people who register before 15th July 2019 or until stocks last.
How do I input my steps and minutes walked online?
Login to your online fundraising account, click on 'Edit my page'. You will see 2 fields that say 'Paw Steps' and 'Minutes walked'. Log your totals in here and they will display on your fundraising page.
How long does registration and fundraising stay open?
Registration stays open until Wednesday 15th August. Fundraising stays open until Sunday 30th September.
I've set up a Facebook Fundraising Page – how does this work and why doesn't it link to my PAWGUST Fundraising Page?
Whilst we believe Facebook Fundraisers are a great way to raise funds, unfortunately due to limitations out of our control, we are unable to link any Facebook Fundraisers with PAWGUST. Any donations made through Facebook Fundraisers will not be attributed to your PAWGUST page.
If you are prompted to create a Facebook Fundraiser when sharing your PAWGUST Page on Facebook, we would recommend you do not proceed with this as you are unable to set up PAWGUST as the beneficiary.
It is therefore best to only use your PAWGUST page link when sharing online and to only collect donations through this page.
Is the registration form fully accessible by a screen reader?
Yes. However if you're having any difficulties please contact us on 1300 GUIDE DOGS (1300 48433 3647) and we are more than happy to help.
I've participated before, do I have to sign up again?
Yes, we require all repeat participants to sign up again. And welcome back by the way! We are SO excited to have you back on board!
Can I still participate if I don't live in Australia?
Yes, absolutely! And Hello from wherever you are joining us from! We welcome your participation and you are in good company. We have participants walking from all parts of the world – from the UK, USA, New Zealand and beyond!
I haven't received a donation receipt.
That's not good at all and we have our heads down and tail firmly between our legs. Please email us straight away at email@example.com and we will resend it to you asap!
What's included in my PAWticipant Pack?
Your PAWdometer (until stocks last), a PAWdometer instruction sheet, your PrePAWation Pack, a Social Media Plan, Stories to share and a Calendar for your fridge. There are more downloadable resources available on your dashboard and can also be found on this page.
I signed up 7 days ago and haven't received my PAWGUST Pack including my PAWdometer yet
Please allow a minimum of 10 working days from when you receive your registration confirmation email for your Pack and PAWdometer to arrive. If it has not arrived after 10 working days please email us at email@example.com and we will look into it asap.
What if I have more than one dog?
You are able to register more than one dog during the registration process. However, due to limited stock, we are only able to provide one PAWdometer in your PAWGUST Pack. We are very sorry for any inconvenience caused and we recommend you swap between your dogs so that you can see how much each of them do on a daily walk!
Still have a question?
Contact our PAWGUST team on 1300 GUIDE DOGS (1300 48433 3647) or email firstname.lastname@example.com - they will be glad to help you!


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The Search for Early Christian Egypt: Archaeology and the Treasures of the Desert
How did Christianity reach Egypt? What are the earliest fragments of the New Testament found in Egypt? What can archaeology tell us about when Christianity replaced the older Egyptian religion?
Rome's Flaminian Obelisk: an epic journey from divine Egyptian symbol to tourist attraction
The Flaminian Obelisk was carved at the height of Egypt's New Kingdom, during the reign of Seti I (1290 to 1279 BCE), the father of Ramesses the Great.
2,100-year-old 'hawk' mummy actually a stillborn baby, scan reveals
A tiny Egyptian mummy long believed to be that of a hawk is actually a rare example of a near-to-term, severely malformed fetus
Remains of an ancient horse discovered in Nile River Valley
An ancient horse burial at Tombos along the Nile River Valley shows that a member of the horse family thousands of years ago…
How Ancient Egypt Shaped the Modern World
The 140-meter pyramid that still casts its shadow over the sands of Giza is surely the greatest legacy of Ancient Egypt. However, there are many everyday items, practices and customs that we now take for granted, which would not exist were it for the Ancient Egyptians.
How Much Do You Know About These Ancient Egyptian Monuments?
Test your knowledge about ancient pyramids, statues and more!
BOOKS: Hot New Ancient History Releases!: January
If improving your reading is your goal for 2016, you've come to the right place! Here are our hot new ancient history releases for January!
A Curator's View: Egypt – Faith After the Pharaohs
The British Museum's Egypt: Faith After the Pharaohs launched a little over two weeks ago and received resounding critical acclaim. Curator Elizabeth O'Connell discussed some of the important themes and pieces selected for the exhibit in her recent talk, Curator's Introduction to Egypt: Faith and the Pharaohs.
Another Side of Egypt: Faith After the Pharaohs at the British Museum
The British Museum's latest exhibit, Faith After the Pharaohs, presents an intimate look at how religion, policy and daily practice intermingled and survived in post-pharaonic Egypt.
The Tears of Re: Beekeeping in Ancient Egypt
In these four videos, Gene Kritsky, author of The Tears of Re, talks about beekeeping in Ancient Egypt


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Roger Mason (baseball)
|Roger Mason
|Born: September 18, 1957
Bellaire, Michigan
|MLB debut
|September 4, 1984, for the Detroit Tigers
|Last MLB appearance
|August 11, 1994, for the New York Mets
|MLB statistics
|Win–loss record
|Earned run average
Roger Le Roy Mason (born September 18, 1957) is a retired American professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues primarily in relief from 1984 to 1987, 1989, and 1991–1994. Mason excelled in the post season where his microscopic ERA of 0.49 over 18.1 innings is still among the best for relievers.
As a member of the Giants, he became involved in baseball notoriety on April 13, 1987, when he gave up three consecutive solo home runs to San Diego Padres Marvell Wynn, Tony Gwynn and John Kruk, the first three batters he faced in the game. Despite this, the Giants still won, 13-6.
Mason was a member of the 1984 World Series champion Detroit Tigers, and appeared in the 1993 World Series for the Philadelphia Phillies.
In November 2008, Mason was hired as the pitching coach for the Traverse City Beach Bums of the independent Frontier League. In his initial season as coach, the Beach Bums posted the third lowest earned run average in the league.
External links[edit]
- Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube
|This biographical article relating to an American baseball pitcher born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
- 1958 births
- Living people
- Detroit Tigers players
- San Francisco Giants players
- Houston Astros players
- Pittsburgh Pirates players
- San Diego Padres players
- Philadelphia Phillies players
- New York Mets players
- Major League Baseball pitchers
- Baseball players from Michigan
- Macon Peaches players
- Lakeland Tigers players
- Evansville Triplets players
- Birmingham Barons players
- Phoenix Giants players
- Phoenix Firebirds players
- Saginaw Valley State Cardinals baseball players
- Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
- Tucson Toros players
- Gulf Coast Pirates players
- People from Bellaire, Michigan
- American baseball pitcher, 1950s births stubs


text: YourAvgNoLife 0 Report post Posted September 13, 2017 I have around $200 for an AEG and have been looking at getting a Combat Machine m4 but I am looking for some more experienced opinions before I buy it. I'm planning on buying a decent red dot and vertical grip but no internals so please don't comment about guns that need an extra $100 of internals. Also, I know this is the most common barrel threads but my tracer is 14 CCW so I would prefer that the guns barrel is 14 CCW as well. Thanks in Advance! Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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205 NW Atlantic Street, Tullahoma TN 37388-3501
The Tullahoma Events Center is CLOSED.
Furnishings and kitchen equipment are for sale. See pages at right for items available.
The Tullahoma Events Center makes an ideal spot for your small trade show or expo. With ample on-street parking just outside the door, wide door access, and a pleasant environment, your vendors and visitors will have an enjoyable experience.
Our first trade show (December 2011) was the well-attended Tullahoma's Holiday Shopping Expo. The vendors were very happy with the turnout ... and the sales! The second shopping expo (November 2012) was an even greater success, and the third (November 2013) spread to the building next door and the sidewalk. The Bridal Show (February 2014) had 40 vendors inside. And we will be hosting Sports Fest in May 2014.
Below is a sample trade show layout for your consideration. Booth sizes can be easily adjusted, but the sizes shown provided roomy space for the vendors and plenty of space for visitors. Let us help you design your ideal trade show.
Additional charges for rental items such as linens, booth dividers, easels, sound system, etc. Ask about local availability of these items.
Site updated 22 November 2017
Copyright 2009-2017 Tennessee Highland LLC


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Chieveley Gardening Club on February in the garden. Plus February garden activities for you.
Thank goodness we are done with January. The days are getting longer, and signs of growth are beginning to encourage us. Apart from the generous hazel catkins in the hedgerows and the slightest white tips of snowdrops, January has few signs of garden life.
Snowdrops will soon pull themselves up from the ground; a few can be up to 6 inches tall, and glisten in the winter sun. Did you know that they have a distinct honey scent? To be honest, you probably won't notice the smell unless you have picked a goodly handful and brought them into the warmth and have them beside you. It's easy to increase your crop of snowdrops – they propagate easily by lifting the plants as soon as flowering is finished and dividing the clumps of little bulbs. Replant them in groups of two or three in turf or under shrubs and hedges; you will soon have masses.
If you would like to see the stunning effect of millions of snowdrops, pay a visit to nearby Welford Park gardens (Wednesday to Sunday during February): www.welfordpark.co.uk. Further afield, between Cirencester and Cheltenham, Colesbourne Park bills itself as England's greatest snowdrop garden. The Elwes family nurture many rare and special forms of snowdrop here. Notably, Henry Elwes discovered the perfect large snowdrop in Turkey in 1874, brought it home, and allowed it to be named Galanthus elwesii. Colesbourne Park is a magical place with massed snowdrops and fine collections of over 200 different forms: www.colesbournegardens.org.uk Both gardens are awe-inspiring (rather than the overused 'awesome').
At home, it is still too early to start sowing seeds even in the propagator or warm windowsill; there is not enough sunlight to stop seedlings growing tall and leggy. However, outdoors, the shrubs are still dormant, so winter pruning is one of the pressing jobs that needs to be done. For most of us this means pruning fruit bushes, trees and all the roses. Apple trees should have last year's new growth cut back to a few buds (few inches) unless you need your tree to get bigger. Although rose-pruning is meant to be an exact science, I find rose bushes to be quite forgiving if over- or under-pruned but remember you trying to encourage maximum flowers and growth to make the rose bush or climber grow as tall, short, wide, narrow as you want. I confess that plants often seem more in control of their own destiny than any imposed by the gardener. But that is gardening.
Do consider coming along to the March talk on Shrubs of distinction and be encouraged to grow uncommon, distinctive and rare shrubs in Chieveley. With Penwood Nurseries nearby, we are blessed with a first-class supply at modest prices.
Happy Gardening, Giles Derry
Dates for your diary
Tuesday 12 February 7.30pm in Chieveley Village Hall. The Vegetable Garden Year. James Bunn will explain and illustrate the seasonal and monthly tasks to make your vegetable plot or allotment as productive as possible. Those of us who like to feed our families with a few healthy home-grown veggies or who aspire to be self-sufficient can all learn from James. Please join us to share your vegetable successes and failures. Guests and non-members (both £2) are always welcome.
Tuesday 12 March 7.30pm in Chieveley Village Hall. Shrubs of distinction. Shrubs are the 'bones' of our gardens giving structure and depth. James Bunn will show slides and talk about the range of shrubs we can use and inspire us to choose things other than 'the run of the mill'. Please join us to share your vegetable successes and failures. Guests and non-members (both £2) are always welcome.


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That seemed like an easy enough piece to write. But then I attended the informational session between my neighbors and Brookhaven City leaders on Sept. 21st. I was appalled by what transpired.
Over the course of 90 minutes neighbor after neighbor rose to paint a terrifying picture of the devastation that would befall our community if an abandoned home and dilapidated swimming pool were acquired by the city and replaced by green space. They accused their elected officials of underhanded tactics and ignoring the will of the people to serve some ill-defined conspiratorial master plan.
At various times we were told that if the city purchased the property it was inevitable that our streets would be gridlocked, drunken teens would litter our yards with beer cans, thieves would pour into the neighborhood from the park, female joggers would face horrifying danger and murders would become an ever-present risk. I wish I were kidding, but these are just a few of the risks I jotted down as the conversation got more and more heated.
You would think those who actually live near the park would be listing their homes at fire-sale prices to escape this horrifying slice of hell. In fact, a quick look on Zillow.com suggests those tortured residents are listing their homes for a minimum 30% premium over our neighborhood.
What is wrong with people? Have we become so terrified of the world around us that debating a purchase by the city and a possible foot path to a community park has to be demonized with the darkest of fears? Do we really want to live a life where we are so isolated that anyone walking past our home must immediately be assessed as a threat until proven otherwise?
Let's put all of this into some perspective. The Dunwoody Forest Neighborhood runs off Chamblee Dunwoody, midway between I-285 and Peachtree Road. Traffic on the thoroughfare is so heavy that rush hour backups are often a mile and a half long. And now there are multiple condo and apartment complexes being built on either side of this two-lane road that will add to the congestion.
Under our yards four pipelines are pumping nearly 4.2 million gallons of petroleum every day. Just over a week ago one of these pipelines ruptured in Alabama, spilling 189,000 gallons of gasoline. That spill is the 178th incident the pipeline's owner has reported to the Department of Transportation.
Overhead, our neighborhood is treated to a steady stream of flights on approach or departure from Peachtree DeKalb Airport. Twice in the past 10 years those planes have crashed, including one into the yard of a resident.
I don't live in fear of these things. They are part of life in a modern age. But, when I have an opportunity to connect my home to a park, and likely increase the value of my real property there better be a pretty compelling reason why not to do that.
If there are legitimate concerns (I'm sorry, I can't envision thieves hoofing it down a gravel trail with my flat-screen) then let's figure out compromises that mitigate the risk. Even if you oppose the plan all together, learn how your government works and show up at regularly scheduled meetings and voice your concerns.
But please, let's not turn an attempt to address blighted property into a debate on the dangers others pose to our way of life. That's not the community that we should want to have.
– Todd Copilevitz has lived in Dunwoody Forest for the past eight years


text:
TWITTER last night announced new measures to tackle internet trolls — but will not kick them offline.
The social network will identify accounts by potential trolls, such as those that fail to confirm an email address, users who sign up for multiple accounts, or those that repeatedly tweet or mention accounts that do not follow them back.
Posts from flagged accounts will remain hidden at the bottom of any thread, unless a user clicks a 'show more replies' button.
Twitter chief executive Jack Dorsey said: 'The spirit of the thing is that we want to take the burden off the person receiving abuse or mob-like behaviour.'
Early tests saw a four per cent fall in abuse reports that resulted from searches and an eight per cent drop from conversations.
Twitter said it was 'encouraged' but recognises it as 'one step on a much longer journey to improve the overall health of our service'.
Twitter will also monitor 'behaviour that might indicate a co-ordinated attack', it said. However Amnesty International's Azmina Dhrodia said 'the proposals don't go far enough'.
Meanwhile, Facebook revealed it removed 837million pieces of spam content, 583million fake accounts and 21million pieces of content featuring nudity or sexual activity between January and March.


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Is it to soon to take a test?
My period is always right on time. The last month and a half I have been trying to get pregnant. I planned on my fertile days and have tried several other days too. But anyways I am four days late on my period is it too early to take a test?


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text:
I am done with Week 4!
I was surprised that I was able to adjust to the longer run-time with little trouble. Looking ahead to next week, the overall run-time is about the same, but each interval is longer. I think I'll be able to manage.
Last year when I did the program, I had all kinds of issues–knee pain, sciatica, and foot strain–that ended up delaying my progress. Of course, when I started I hadn't been doing much exercise of any kind and my body rebelled. I'm really happy that I haven't had any injuries this time around.


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Positive Relationship with Parents Scale for Teenagers
This tool was developed by Child Trends for the Templeton Foundation, as part of the Flourishing Children Project. It includes six items that measure teenagers' relationships with their parents. Adolescents who have positive relationships with their parents describe their relationships as caring, close, and trusting.
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You may calculate a total score by associating the following numeric values with the answer options: None of the time=0; A little of the time=1; Some of the time=2; Most of the time=3; All of the time=4. The maximum score for this scale equals 24. Total scores allow for quick overviews of how individuals are doing, as well as easy comparisons in aggregate between pre- and post tests.
This scale has been tested with a nationally representative sample of teenagers aged 12-17. It has been found to have excellent reliability (alpha=.92) and concurrent validity (associated with better grades and a lower likelihood of smoking, fighting, and depressive symptoms).
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Yesterday, Ziyi was in Taiwan to attend the 51st Golden Horse Awards. The actress was on stage with Aaron Kwok to give the "best actor" award to Chen Jianbin in the film "A fool".
Nov 2014
The 45th International Film Festival of India, opened in Goa on Thursday. Zhang Ziyi and Tony Leung attended the opening ceremony. Wong Kar-wai's 'The Grandmaster' will close the festival. The Hong Kong-based director will also receive the lifetime achievement award on the last day of the extravaganza. Source.
Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi, who has worked with celebrated Hong Kong filmmaker Wong Kar Wai in 'The Grandmaster', says he has a unique style of working.
Ziyi, 35, said that the star-cast shot the film, which is also the closing movie of the ongoing International Film Festival of India, without any script.
"Wong Kar Wai is my master. He gave me the opportunity to star in his last project 'The Grandmaster'. He has a unique style of filmmaking.
"He shoots his films without scripts and we shot 'The Grandmaster' also in that way. We didn't know the whole story in the beginning but we started understanding it gradually with each day on the set," Ziyi told PTI.
Wong Kar Wai will receive the lifetime achievement award at IFFI.
The 'Memoirs of a Geisha' actress has been part of both Chinese and American films. Ziyi also expressed her desire to star in an Indian film especially for its enchanting music.
"I have watched many Indian films since my childhood. I really like the beautiful music of Indian films and I hope that we soon will try to incorporate such quality in our films. Indian love stories really touch me," said the actress who is representing China, which is the focus country of the festival.
During her maiden visit to India, she met actor Anupam Kher and is impressed with his filmography.
"Anupam Kher has done 418 films and now I have started worshipping him. He said he loved my latest work 'The Grandmaster'," she said.
Ziyi feels that more Indian films should be sent to China in order to increase knowledge about each other's cinema.
"In the last 20 years very less Indian films have been sent to China and that's why this festival is very important to me as I will get to watch Indian films here," she said.
The 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon' actress said the Chinese film industry is in its growing phase.
"Chinese film is growing very fast. People love to go to cinema now. Our box-office scores very quick," she said.
Nov 2014
Today, Ziyi and John Woo attended a press conference in Beijing for "The Crossing". We learnt that the film was prepared during 6 years and that Ziyi accepted to join the cast without finishing to read the script. Some really nice pictures have been added to the gallery and you can discover the video of the press conference by clicking here, a making of focused on Ziyi.
Moreover a russian trailer has been unveiled with new footages! Check it out.
Nov 2014
Enjoy this new trailer with english subtitles.
Today, a new trailer of "The Crossing" has been unveiled. Check it out!
Moreover, the airline company EVA Air used footages of "The Crossing" for their new advertising campaign. You can watch the clip by clicking here.
A new still of the film has been added to the gallery.
A Few weeks ago, news from chinese medias revealed that Ziyi was about to start a new project called "The Wasted Times" (click here for more informations). Yesterday Ziyi published on her Weibo three pictures on the set of the film. A gorgeous pictures of Ziyi has been added to the gallery.
Nov 2014
Ziyi and John Woo cover the november issue of GQ. Some scans and the photoshoot have been added to the gallery. Enjoy!


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SpriteKit includes a powerful particle system that makes it easy to add exciting graphics to your game. Particle emitter nodes create many small instances of an image that combine together to create a great-looking effect. You can use emitter nodes to generate snow, fire, sparks, explosions, magic, and other useful effects that would otherwise require a lot of effort.
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Each particle system emits multiple ...
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Over at EcoBabyBuys they have Minkee Diaper Covers by GenY for $12.60 = 40% off regular price!
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From Bugzilla Helper:
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en; rv:126.96.36.199) Gecko/20070226 Fedora/220.127.116.11-1.fc6 Epiphany/2.16 Firefox/22.214.171.124 pango-text
Description of problem:
I am unable to display any resolution greater than 1280x1024 on a new dell 20" 1680x1050 LCD monitor. Setting higher resolutions than this results in panning display. Computer & Monitor is Dell (Core 2 Duo; 965Q graphic chipset; 2007WFP 20" monitor). FC6 is installed w/ latest updates as of 10Mar07
I've tried many things to remedy this, so far all to no avail. These have included:
1) switching driver from "i810" to "intel" in xorg.conf
Result: X wouldn't start
2) adding new display modes to xorg.conf
Result: no effect
3) deleting display modes from xorg.conf
Result: panning display
4) Changing monitor resolution in Display settings
Result (Gnome): panning screen
Result (KDE): highest resolution selectable is 1280x1024
Version-Release number of selected component (if applicable):
X Window System Version 7.1.1
How reproducible:
Steps to Reproduce:
1. (Gnome) go to menu item System::Admininstration::Display
2. Under settings tab, select 1680x1050, click "OK"
3. Restart X
Actual Results:
Results in panning display (apparent visual resolution ~1280x1024)
Expected Results:
Monitor resolution should be 1680x1050 (I still have an OEM operating system on a different partition - it is able to display the correct resolution)
Alternatively, I should be able to switch to the "intel" driver and run X (this one is supposed to support the 965 chipset)
Additional info:
Here is what appears to be relevant excerpts from my xorg log file
X Window System Version 7.1.1
Release Date: 12 May 2006
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0, Release 7.1.1
Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.9-42.0.8.ELsmp i686 Red Hat, Inc.
Current Operating System: Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.19-1.2911.6.5.fc6 #1 SMP Sun Mar 4 16:41:13 EST 2007 i686
Build Date: 28 February 2007
Build ID: xorg-x11-server 1.1.1-47.7.fc6
(II) I810(0): Supported VESA Video Modes:
(II) I810(0): 720x400@70Hz
(II) I810(0): 640x480@60Hz
(II) I810(0): 640x480@75Hz
(II) I810(0): 800x600@60Hz
(II) I810(0): 800x600@75Hz
(II) I810(0): 1024x768@60Hz
(II) I810(0): 1024x768@75Hz
(II) I810(0): 1280x1024@75Hz
(II) I810(0): Manufacturer's mask: 0
(II) I810(0): Supported Future Video Modes:
(II) I810(0): #0: hsize: 1280 vsize 1024 refresh: 60 vid: 32897
(II) I810(0): #1: hsize: 1152 vsize 864 refresh: 75 vid: 20337
(II) I810(0): Supported additional Video Mode:
(II) I810(0): clock: 146.2 MHz Image Size: 434 x 270 mm
(II) I810(0): h_active: 1680 h_sync: 1784 h_sync_end 1960 h_blank_end 2240 h_border: 0
(II) I810(0): v_active: 1050 v_sync: 1053 v_sync_end 1059 v_blanking: 1089 v_border: 0
(II) I810(0): Using EDID range info for horizontal sync
(II) I810(0): Using EDID range info for vertical refresh
(II) I810(0): Printing DDC gathered Modelines:
(II) I810(0): Modeline "800x600" 40.00 800 840 968 1056 600 601 605 628 +hsync +vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "640x480" 31.50 640 656 720 840 480 481 484 500 -hsync -vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "640x480" 25.20 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 -hsync -vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "720x400" 28.32 720 738 846 900 400 412 414 449 -hsync +vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "1280x1024" 135.00 1280 1296 1440 1688 1024 1025 1028 1066 +hsync +vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "1024x768" 78.80 1024 1040 1136 1312 768 769 772 800 +hsync +vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "1024x768" 65.00 1024 1048 1184 1344 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "800x600" 49.50 800 816 896 1056 600 601 604 625 +hsync +vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "1280x1024" 109.00 1280 1368 1496 1712 1024 1027 1034 1063 -hsync +vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "1152x864" 104.00 1152 1224 1344 1536 864 867 871 905 -hsync +vsync
(II) I810(0): Modeline "1680x1050" 146.25 1680 1784 1960 2240 1050 1053 1059 1089 +hsync -vsync
(II) I810(0): Will use BIOS call 0x5f05 to set refresh rates for CRTs.
(--) I810(0): Maximum space available for video modes: 12288 kByte
(II) I810(0): Using detected DDC timings
(II) I810(0): HorizSync 30-83
(II) I810(0): VertRefresh 56-76
(II) I810(0): <default monitor>: Using hsync range of 30.00-83.00 kHz
(II) I810(0): <default monitor>: Using vrefresh range of 56.00-76.00 Hz
(II) I810(0): Not using mode "1680x1050" (no mode of this name)
(II) I810(0): Not using mode "1280x800" (no mode of this name)
(II) I810(0): Not using built-in mode "1600x1200" (width too large for virtual size)
(II) I810(0): Increasing the scanline pitch to allow tiling mode (1280 -> 2048).
(--) I810(0): Virtual size is 1280x1024 (pitch 2048)
(**) I810(0): *Built-in mode "1280x1024"
(**) I810(0): *Built-in mode "1024x768"
(**) I810(0): Built-in mode "800x600"
(**) I810(0): Built-in mode "848x480"
(**) I810(0): Built-in mode "640x480"
Thanks for the bug report. We have reviewed the information you have provided
above, and there is some additional information we require that will be helpful
in our diagnosis of this issue.
Please attach your X server config file (/etc/X11/xorg.conf) and X server log
file (/var/log/Xorg.*.log) to the bug report as individual uncompressed file
attachments using the bugzilla file attachment link below.
Could you please also try to run without any /etc/X11/xorg.conf whatsoever and
let X11 autodetect your display and video card? Attach to this bug
/var/log/Xorg.0.log from this attempt as well, please.
We will review this issue again once you've had a chance to attach this information.
Thanks in advance.
Created attachment 149891 [details]
xorg log file
Created attachment 149892 [details]
xorg config file
Created attachment 149893 [details]
xorg log file after rebooting w/ no xorg.conf file
test: deleted xorg.conf to force autodetect
results: X started in pan mode (see attached log file) - estimate logical
screen size=1600x1200. vertical pan is OK; no horizontal pan (mouse X coords go
out of sync w/ display after trying horizontal pan right; resets w/ horizontal
pan left)
as additional information, i've tried compiling and running the latest kernel
(2.6.21rc3) to see if it'd help - it didn't. reverted to 2.6.19-1.2911.6.5.fc6.
Maybe this is an Xorg 7.1 problem...?
"...These changes ... for the X11R7.2 release:
Remove LBX - DanielStone
Remove built-in keyboard driver bug 890
server autoconfig improvements from Fedora - AdamJackson
--->> Intel i965 chipset support
If Xorg 7.1 might be the problem, is there a practical way I can upgrade FC6 to
use Xorg 7.2 to test it out? (yum doesn't appear to have this option)
Tried installing Fedora 7 test 3 (which has Xorg 7.2) but this didn't resolve
the issue. Same results as Comment #4.
Problem reported (multiple times) in Ubuntu also.
Some further debugging info:
The problem does not appear to be kernel related. The maximum resolution I get
under Ubuntu 6.10 (kernel 2.6.17) is 1280x1024 (the same maximum resolution I
get with 2.6.20 in Ubuntu 7.04 and Fedora 7 test 3)
The i810 man page says my chipset (965Q) is supported by the i810 driver, so
there is no need to use the 'intel' driver (which I've still not been able to
get to work)
Might the problem lie in the driver source code? Specifically, the file
has many predefined 'mode_registers' which define relevant constants for several
resolutions. All resolutions I've seen there appear to work. Might adding new
constant sets for 1680x1050 (and other resolutions people are having trouble
with) solve the display problems? If someone tells me how to generate these
constants, I can test this hypothesis.
As of xorg-x11-drv-i810-1.6.5-19.fc7, 915GM and all 945 and 965 chips will use
the intel modesetting driver by default. Please update, and test with that
driver, and reopen if you have further issues.


text:
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text:
Lots going on this weekend! We have had, what I consider, perfect winter weather – cold nights, warm-ish days. I love 50-60 degree sunny winter days. We can all be outside, working and playing, for so much of the day. I love it.
I got to go to a "Designer Diva" meeting on Saturday morning, meeting with about 20 other women sewers to talk about sewing. I love this once-a-month meeting of some amazing area sewers. I am definitely the youngest (maybe by 20 years), but I learn so much from them and get inspired by them and their artistic sensibilities. About 4 months ago, at my first meeting, one of the women had a silk sari that she cut into 10 half yard pieces. Each of us attending the meeting got a section and were given the challenge to make something from this small piece of fabric. I put my little silk aside when I got home and watched it float around my fabric stash for the last 4 months, thinking that I probably missed the meeting were the projects were presented and maybe they would forget that I had of the piece of silk. When I got the email a week ago that we were supposed to present what we had made with the silk this week, I decided to get busy and do something with it. I had thought about making a bag from it, but what I really wanted to make was a sleeveless shirt for one of my girls. The edges of the sari were woven so they would not fray, so I just cut of a simple tank pattern, wide so Anne could get it over her head. I put in a little box pleat in the front and back and let the gold pattern speak for itself on the bottom front. I made a very thin bias tape with the scraps of the silk and finished it with gold thread. Loading that bobbin made me think of spinning gold like Rumpelstiltskin. While it was not perfect (mainly the thin bias tape binding), it did look good and made a good impression on those Divas on Saturday!
In the afternoon, we picked up apple prunings from the orchard. A fairly easy task and half of the children helped (though Hythe mainly played with the sticks). It was a fun bit of work. And, we are trying to instill in our children that work can be fun and that work must be done.
William also hung up the really cool swing that the children got from Santa for Christmas. It does take us parents a long time to get around to some things, but luckily our children are usually very understanding. They were happy to have it up, and even William and I got a few swings on it. Fun!
I harvested the last carrots from the garden – a full half bushel! I was waiting for a few warmer days with no rain to get them all out. I am not sure why I let them stay in the ground so long, but I think because I was tired of gardening, or got too busy, or just forgot about them. But, they are beautiful and taste good. Some tops had a bit of freeze damage, but I think they will store for a while.
And, grandpa brought over a typewriter that he found in his attic. Anne and Evva were very excited about it and wrote a few letters before the spacebar stopped working. I know these machines are simple and we should be able to get it working again, but see two paragraphs above about how quickly William and I get around to getting things done sometimes.
Final news is that I got a new camera – a DSLR. I am very excited about it and having lots of fun. All these pictures are with the new camera as I get used to it and learn how to use it.
Hope your weekend was great!


text:
Only Colorado #2
"I might not be every gay man's wet dream, but I always get a second look."
Mal Copol knows who they are: Nonbinary. Awesome. Exhausted. They won't change for anyone, but just once, they'd like to be the one with relationship potential, not the hookup. Also, not having to fight employers on who they are and how they present themselves would be nice. And while they're at it, add not getting raised eyebrows at their high heels and tasteful makeup while discussing their latest rock-climbing trip to the wish list. Is that really too much to ask?
"Here I am at twenty-seven, embarking on life, version 2.0."
Parker McWilliams is breaking free from the constraints of his former life and wife. He's recapturing his zest to try new things and experience everything to the fullest, instead of the complacency he had fallen into over the past nine years. If one of those "new experiences" happens to be with a certain beautiful and intriguing nonbinary person, well, Parker's just going to roll with it. Anything contrary to his past life is a good thing.
Mal and Parker keep surprising each other every time they meet. Despite their differences, neither has any interest in fighting their attraction. But when circumstances threaten to keep them apart, the couple must decide if that attraction is enough to overcome the obstacles they face.
- 3 To Be Read lists
- 2 Read lists
Publisher: Independently Published
Cover Artists:
Pairings: NB
Heat Level: 5
Romantic Content: 5
Ending: Click here to reveal
Character Identities: Bisexual, Non Binary, Pansexual
Protagonist 1 Age: 18-25
Protagonist 2 Age: 26-35
Tropes: Gay for You / Straight to Gay
Word Count: 63000
Setting: US, Colorado, Fort Collins
Languages Available: English
Series Type: Same Universe / Various Characters