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Analyzing data gathered in a 10-nation study of psychoses by the World Health Organization (WHO), Susser and Wanderling1 found that the incidence of nonaffective psychoses with acute onset and full recovery was about 10 times higher in premodern cultures than in modern cultures. Transient psychoses with full recovery were comparatively rare in modern cultures. Such a dramatic difference begs for explanation.
The WHO studies of psychoses worldwide have made it clear that those with psychoses in general have a better course and outcome in premodern cultures.2-4 Some theorists have speculated that the better course and outcome are due to lesser demands made on patients in the agrarian economies of underdeveloped nations. However, further investigations in Japan, Hong Kong, and Singapore—all societies of advanced economic development--have also demonstrated a better course and outcome for psychoses than in Western cultures.5-8
Hopper and Wanderling9 analyzed the data from the WHO studies, as well as 2 additional samples (from Hong Kong and Madras/Chennai, India), for sources of bias that could account for a differential advantage in course and outcome for persons living in developing countries. They considered several factors: differences in follow-up, arbitrary grouping of research centers, diagnostic ambiguities, selective outcome measures, sex, and age. None of these potential confounders explained the observed differences. They concluded that local cultural practices were probably implicated in this long-standing and provocative finding of a differential advantage in course and outcome in premodern cultures.
Effects of culture
Transient psychoses with full recovery are much more common in premodern cultures that accept the reality of spirits. In premodern cultures, psychoses are usually characterized by paranoid delusions of attack by sorcery, witchcraft, or demonic beings—with accompanying auditory and visual hallucinations.5,10-14 These cultural beliefs structure not only the symptoms of illness but also the indigenous diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes.11,12
Traditional treatment in a premodern society usually consists of a prescribed period of rest; sympathy; heightened social support; alleviation of underlying social stresses; exploration of alternative coping strategies; and various types of traditional healing rituals, sometimes lasting days or weeks, and frequently resulting in the full recovery of the patient.5,11-18
Dutch psychiatrist Marjolein van Duijl,14 who was head of the department of psychiatry at a hospital in southwest Uganda for 6 years, conducted a study there of 120 patients experiencing "spirit possession." Forty-one percent of these patients reported hearing voices, and 65% spoke in a voice different from their own. Of these 120 patients, 45% felt better, and 54% experienced complete recovery after treatment by traditional healers.
Cultural psychiatrists Wolfgang Jilek5 and Beng-Yeong Ng13 concluded that the factor determining course and outcome is not the difference between high and low economic development, but the difference between modern and premodern cultures that have preserved traditional elements in their world views and healing practices. Jilek further suggested that an acute psychotic episode evoked by traumatizing experiences and severe social stress would be of short duration if the society responded with sympathy, social support, and traditional healing practices. However, if there is rejection and social isolation, the traditional extended kinship network is no longer in operation; if there is an expectation of a chronic illness when a patient shows an acute psychotic reaction, transient psychoses could evolve into chronic psychoses, particularly if modernization has become pervasive.
1. Susser E, Wanderling J. Epidemiology of nonaffective acute remitting psychosis vs schizophrenia: sex and sociocultural setting. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:
2. Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Ernberg G, et al. Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization ten-country study. Psychol Med Monogr Suppl. 1992;20:1-97.
3. Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Cooper JE, et al. A. Culture and schizophrenia: criticisms of WHO studies are answered. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165:434-436.
4. Sartorius N, Jablensky A, Korten A, et al. Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures: a preliminary report on the initial evaluation phase of the WHO Collaborative Study on determinants of outcome of severe mental disorders. Psychol Med. 1986;16:909-928.
5. Jilek WG. Cultural factors in psychiatric disorders. Paper presented at: 26th Congress of the World Federation for Mental Health; July 22-27, 2001; Vancouver, British Columbia.
6. Lee PW, Lieh-Mak F, Yu KK, Spinks JA. Pattern of outcome in schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Acta Psychiat Scand. 1991;84:346-352.
7. Ogawa K, Miya M, Watarai A, et al. A long-term follow-up study of schizophrenia in Japan: with special reference to the course of social adjustment. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;151:758-765.
8. Tsoi WF, Wong KE. A 15-year follow up study of Chinese schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991;84:217-220.
9. Hopper K, Wanderling J. Revisiting the developed versus developing country distinction in course and outcome in schizophrenia: results from ISoS, the WHO collaborative followup project: International Study of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2000;26:835-846.
10. al-Issa I. The illusion of reality or the reality of an illusion: hallucinations and culture. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;
11. Castillo RJ. Spirit possession in South Asia, dissociation or hysteria? Part 1: theoretical background. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1994;18:1-21.
12. Castillo RJ. Spirit possession in South Asia, dissociation or hysteria? Part 2: case histories. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1994;18:141-162.
13. Ng BY. Phenomenology of trance states seen at a psychiatric hospital in Singapore: a cross-cultural perspective. Transcult Psychiatry. 2000;37:560-579.
14. van Duijl M. Characteristics and help-seeking behavior of spirit possessed patients in SW Uganda. Paper presented at: First World Congress of Cultural Psychiatry, September 24, 2006; Beijing, China.
15. Castillo RJ. Lessons from folk healing practices. In: Tseng WS, Streltzer J, eds. Culture and Psychotherapy: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2001:81-101.
16. Jilek WG. Traditional medicine relevant to psychiatry. In: Sartorius N, de Girolamo G, Andrews G, et al, eds. Treatment of Mental Disorders: A Review of Effectiveness. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 1993:341-383.
17. Kleinman A. Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: An Exploration of the Borderland Between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press; 1981.
18. Thong D. A Psychiatrist in Paradise: Treating Mental Illness in Bali. Bangkok, Thailand: White Lotus; 1993.
19. Day R, Nielsen JA, Korten A, et al. Stressful life events preceding the acute onset of schizophrenia: a cross-
national study from the World Health Organization. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1987;11:123-205.
20. Holowka DW, King S, Saheb D, et al. Childhood abuse and dissociative symptoms in adult schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003;60:87-90.
21. Kilcommons AM, Morrison AP. Relationships bet-ween trauma and psychosis: an exploration of cognitive and dissociative factors. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005;112:351-359.
22. Vogel M, Spitzer C, Barnow S, et al. The role of trauma and PTSD-related symptoms for dissociation and psychopathological distress in inpatients with schizophrenia. Psychopathology. 2006;39:236-242.
23. Goodman LA, Rosenberg SO, Mueser KT, Drake RE. Physical and sexual assault history in women with serious mental illness: prevalence, correlates, treatment, and future research directions. Schizophr Bull. 1997;23:
24. Friedman S, Harrison G. Sexual histories, attitudes, and behavior of schizophrenic and "normal" women. Arch Sex Behav. 1984;13:555-567.
25. Honig A, Romme MA, Ensink BJ, et al. Auditory hallucinations: a comparison between patients and nonpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1998;186:646-651.
26. Briere J, Woo R, McRae B, et al. Lifetime victimization history, demographics, and clinical status in female psychiatric emergency room patients. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997;185:95-101.
27. Read J, Perry BD, Moskowitz A, Connolly J. The contribution of early traumatic events to schizophrenia in some patients: a traumagenic neurodevelopmental model. Psychiatry. 2001;64:319-345.
28. Stromgren E. Scandinavian contributions to psychiatric nosology. In: Mezzich JE, Honda Y, Kastrup MC, eds. Psychiatric Diagnosis: A World Perspective. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1994:33-38.
29. Kleinman A, Kleinman J. Remembering the cultural revolution: alienating pains and the pain of alienation/transformation. In: Lin TY, Tseng WS, Yeh EK, eds. Chinese Societies and Mental Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995:141-155.
30. Price R. Dissociative disorders of the self: a continuum extending into multiple personality. Psychotherapy. 1987;24:387-391.
31. van der Kolk BA, van der Hart O. Pierre Janet and the breakdown of adaptation in psychological trauma. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146:1530-1540.
32. Bentall, RP. Hallucinatory experiences. In: Cardena E, Lynn SJ, Krippner SC, eds. Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2000:85-120.
33. Ellason JW, Ross CA. Positive and negative symptoms in dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia: a comparative analysis. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995;183:
34. Ellason JW, Ross CA. Childhood trauma and psychiatric symptoms. Psychol Rep. 1997;80:447-450.
35. Giese AA, Thomas MR, Dubovsky SL. Dissociative symptoms in psychotic mood disorders: an example of symptom nonspecificity. Psychiatry. 1997;60:60-66.
36. Haugen MC, Castillo RJ. Unrecognized dissociation in psychotic outpatients and implications of ethnicity.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999;187:751-754.
37. Ross CA, Keyes B. Dissociation and schizophrenia.
J Trauma Dissociation. 2004;5:69-83.
38. Ross CA, Joshi S. Schneiderian symptoms and childhood trauma in the general population. Compr Psychiatry. 1992;33:269-273.
39. Ross CA, Miller SD, Reagor P, et al. Schneiderian symptoms in multiple personality disorder and schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry. 1990;31:111-118.
40. Ross CA, Norton GR. Multiple personality disorder patients with a prior diagnosis of schizophrenia. Dissociation. 1988;1:39-42.
41. Castillo RJ. Trance, functional psychosis, and culture. Psychiatry. 2003;66:9-21.


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Benefits of the Old-and New-One-Room Schoolhouse
Buzzle Staff
Jan 26, 2019
Far from being a thing of the past, the methods employed in the old one-room schoolhouse are making a comeback today. Modern educators have discovered the benefits to be derived by students from being a part of multi-age classes.
Imagine sitting in a classroom with students of all ages while the teacher outlines a project that will incorporate various subjects and levels of difficulty, so that all can have a part. Such a description could well describe the one-room schoolhouse of the 19th century. Yet, the same teaching methods are used now in the 21st century, with good results.
Since one-room schoolhouses were common well into the 20th century, many today can look back with a sense of nostalgia at their own education in this kind of school. Perhaps, like me, you have heard stories of those days and marveled at how far we have come.
As an example, my mother's experiences attending a one-room schoolhouse in New York state include riding to school in a one-horse open sleigh and huddling around a wood stove to keep warm.
However, this icon of early America is more than just a source of nostalgia; it is more than just an interesting and primitive part of our history. Rather than hindering their ultimate success in life, most students found attending this kind of school to be a beneficial experience.
This number includes many well-known people, such as the first American in space, Alan Shepard. The Ohio-based architect firm of Steed Hammond Paul Inc. has extensively researched solutions in educational architecture and the impact schoolhouse designs have on the ability to learn.
The current,
method of grouping students by age is based on efficiency, copying the factory model of producing the largest output with the least input of time and expense. It might be argued that this arrangement is artificial or unnatural.
Society in general is not divided in this way; neither are families or the work environment. Eventually, children must learn to cope with the variety inherent in the world, including differences in age and ability.
Of course to be fair, the method of dividing students according to age has many benefits and works well for the majority. At the same time, there were some drawbacks to the one-room schools of the past. However, the old one-room schoolhouse concept was better than the modern method of age separation in many ways. This isn't a secret.
Educators today recognize the benefits of the older method, and have tried to duplicate it in various ways. These programs are usually referred to as ungraded, or nongraded. Students still have their progress reported by letter 'grades' or some alternative method.
The term 'ungraded' refers to the fact that students aren't labeled by strict 'grade' divisions. Classes contain students of different ages and abilities, and these students benefit from staying with the same teacher, or teachers, for more than one year.
Coupled with the more relaxed atmosphere in this arrangement, this allows the teacher and student to get to know each other better, thus enabling the teacher to give more personalized attention. It also allows individual students to progress as individuals. This means that gifted students are not held back because of their age.
At the same time, students that may take longer to grasp a point are not pushed ahead because everyone else is moving forward, or left behind to repeat everything when it may be only a few things that trouble them. This arrangement also lends itself to an integrated curriculum, with students learning things in a variety of subjects from a single project.
Another natural result of this structure is that older or more advanced students assist younger or less advanced students. This assists the teacher and reinforces the lesson in the mind of the student giving the assistance.
Along with the need to interact with students of various ages, the more relaxed and family-like atmosphere even benefits the students socially. This also leads to an increase in job satisfaction among the teachers involved.
So while these modern programs do not normally use single room structures, the methods and advantages of the one-room schoolhouse of our nostalgic past lives on in this modern world.
By Earl Hunsinger
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Particle-associated and cell-free extracellular enzyme activity in relation to nutrient status of large tributaries of the Lower Mississippi River
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Microbial extracellular enzyme activity is responsible for much of the carbon and nutrient cycling in freshwaters, and logically there should a relationship between the chemical properties of a system and its enzymatic profile. To evaluate this concept, we surveyed extracellular enzyme activity in five large rivers (the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, and Arkansas) of the Mississippi River Basin, one of the world's largest river systems. The rivers drain areas of different climate, physiography, and land use, and differ in their physicochemical properties. Despite differences in nutrient concentrations, there were no consistent differences in enzyme activity between the five rivers, with as much variation in activity between sites on the same river as among different rivers. Enzymatic profiles were dominated by leucine aminopeptidase, phosphatase, and β-glucosidase, and appreciable enzymatic activity was still present following the removal of particles (3-micron filtration) or cells (0.22-micron filtration). The proportion of particle- or cell- associated enzymatic activity contributing to overall activity varied between enzymes, being higher for β-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase than for sulfatase or cellobiohydrolase. Dissolved elemental stoichiometry suggested that bacterioplankton in all rivers were limited by C overall, with P also being more limiting than N. While regional-scale patterns in enzyme activity in large rivers may indicate anthropogenic influences, this study demonstrates that finer-scale variation, such as between sites on the same river, or between particles and free-living bacterioplankton, may be equally as important.
KeywordsBacterioplankton Extracellular enzyme activity Large rivers Mississippi River Nutrient status
This study was funded by a National Science Foundation (Division of Environmental Biology 1049911) award to CAO and CRJ. We thank Alexa Lampkin and Derek Bussan for help with sample collection, Natasha Stracener for help with bacterial enumeration, and Lisa Brooks and James Hill of the USDA National Sedimentation Laboratory in Oxford, Mississippi, for water chemistry analyses.
Supplementary material
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We are excited to be at the Old Strathcona Farmers' Market every Saturday from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. supplying market goers with fresh greens and high quality vegetables. Here's what we're featuring this month. Hope to see you at the market!
Market Highlights – May
We're at the Old Strathcona Farmers' Market every Saturday from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Here's what we're highlighting for the month of May. Yes, it's time for delicious, tender and sweet baby carrots and baby beets! Hope to see you at the market!
Greenhouse Update May 2017
The greenhouses are alive with plants! The radishes, beets and carrots in greenhouse 1 are growing happily and the carrots are now at market. The baby beets are ready, and will be available for several weeks. We have new crops of radishes growing and they will be available for several more weeks. Green onions will […]
Happy Spring Equinox!
As of 4:40 local time on March 20th, it's official –Equinox, marking the official start of Spring. Both Spring and Fall Equinox mark the time of the year when the day and the night are an equal 12 hours long. It's a time of new beginnings and fresh starts, and has been celebrated around the […]
Field Notes: May 15, 2014
COMING OUT Baby Carrots and Volunteer Garlic We're just launching the newsletter now, celebrating the kick-off of another Northern Alberta spring, but in our heated cold frame, it's been spring for a few weeks, now, already. We first planted in there on March 3rd, and we've been harvesting from there since April 11th. Get Yer


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Genre: Mystery
5 Stars
On the verge of losing her home and desperate for money, Jitty convinces Sarah Booth to kidnap Chablis, the dog of her best friend, Tinkie. She sends Tinkie a ransom note for $5000, and Tinkie, frantic, wants Sarah Booth to deliver the money and retrieve her dog.
What this does, is unleash an entire series of events regarding a 20-year-old murder case that leads to questions nobody wants asked and threats on Sarah Booth's life. But she presses on, because by now she is immersed in the case and has some questions of her own. It doesn't help that she's attracted to the murder victim's son, who has been living abroad since the murder, and has now returned home and wants nothing more than for her to drop the whole thing.
Sarah Booth is a 'Daddy's Girl', whose only job is to marry well and enjoy the privileges that come with it. But she is not like the others of her ilk, she is unconventional and not interested in marrying the first man who asks her that is rich. She returns home to Zinnia Mississippi, still unwed and now unemployed, and about to lose her ancestral home, Dahlia House. Desperate for money, she listens to Jitty, who convinces her that the quickest way to get it is to kidnap Chablis, her best friend Tinkie's dog, and then ransom him back.
Having done this, Tinkie declares that Sarah Booth is now a PI, and hires her to find out why an ex-boyfriend, Hamilton Garrett V, has recently returned home. Years ago, Hamilton was exiled to Europe when first his father, then mother were killed. There are reasons he was sent to Europe, and after setting sight on Hamilton, and immediately being drawn to him, she ultimately decides that the deep mystery surrounding his family and the reason he was sent to Europe are something she must find out. She first convinces herself it is for her friend Tinkie, but soon realizes she is doing it for herself.
While she is investigating Hamilton, she also begins investigating the two murders (under the guise of writing a fictional book), since she believes that Tinkie deserves to know the truth about the situation. Sarah Booth begins discovering secrets, and soon finds out what everyone really wants her to do is just leave it all alone and forget the past - which she is not about to do.
This book moved along at a great pace, Sarah Booth is headstrong, her conversations with Jitty are interesting, to say the least, and the descriptions of the area where she lives are colorful.
What I really found the most interesting were the women. The way the women interacted with each other was extremely telling in how the Daddy's Girls were different, and of a different class. Sarah Booth was somewhere in the middle, now disdained by the true Daddy's Girls, but still one of them, and as such, those that weren't kept her at arm's length.
This book was delightful, the mystery well done, the characters described wonderfully. I highly recommend this and can't wait to read the next in the series.


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About The Lens And The Pen
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That 'someplace', may be C language
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Exactly what the newbie does not want to get bogged along using would be the more complex object-oriented ideas that are, such as for instance function and bequest overloading. What seems more straightforward to anyone: bequest, or looping? Yes we believed so.
There is to understand an essential point the fact that encoding is significantly more than simply understanding the vocabulary – it's additionally understanding options. Understanding just how to split a (possibly) big and complicated application into items that seem sensible.
Busting an issue into foundation items is more artwork than technology, and certainly will better be discovered when you're dealing with a comparatively advanced language like C++ – anyone prevent getting swept up within the language's difficulties.


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Garage Door Safety 101
September 30, 2013 by admin
Filed under Goods and Services
Garage doors can help bring some convenience to your life. They can help you easily zoom out of your garage when you're running late for work and help to keep all your possessions safe and sound. However, garage doors can lead to incidents and accidents if they're not handled properly. Whether you have a wooden garage door or a steel one, all of them should be monitored carefully.
Garage doors are one of the most commonly overlooked electrical appliances in the house. While the technology of simply lifting up and down may make you think that nothing could ever go wrong with it, that's actually not the case. Garage doors are generally the biggest and heaviest moving object in the entire home which means that if mishandled, it can easily lead to injuries or even death in some cases. All mechanical devices require regular maintenance in order to continue functioning properly.
It's a good idea to inspect the door and the opener often. However, in order to conduct any repairs, it's best to have a professional handle it. Jobs such as replacing or repairing springs, track and rollers, or installing the door need to be taken care of by professional. If you opt for a modern garage door, do not attempt to install it yourself. Make sure to hire someone who knows what they're doing.
One of the keys of garage door safety is to make sure that everyone in the family knows how it operates and that it's a powerful piece of equipment. This is particularly important to teach small children. Children should never be allowed to play with the garage door as if it's a toy. Do not allow your children to stand, run, or play under or near the door, particularly if it's open or moving. In order to prevent incidents from occurring, it's best to also keep remote controls out of children's reach. They should be mounted high up.
Another safety concern with garage doors is electric shock. Garage doors run electrically and can be dangerous if mishandled. If your garage door is malfunctioning, it's important to call a repair man right away to handle it.
Garage doors are a wonderful asset for your home. However, as the article explains, it's important to be careful with this powerful piece of equipment. Follow these easy instructions to keep you and your family safe and happy.
Guest post is provided by Main Garage Doors, a leading provider of Los Angeles Garage Doors. Check out their website for more information.
Heavy Equipments have Come-a-Long Way
September 18, 2013 by admin
Filed under Goods and Services
The old heavy equipments were clunky looking but lasted long time. At the end of a machines lifetime, it was used for scrap metal. Some people save them because of their historical value. Today, heavy equipments are sophisticated and don't look massive. More and more heavy machinery have become smooth and easy to operate.
The biggest issue regarding heavy equipment is the cost. These machines can run an equipment bill for thousands of dollars. Now more and more businesses own their heavy machinery. In the long run, owning is cost effective. Especially when buying from a company like Hoists Direct, a business can own quality heavy equipments. The company is specialized in any type of hoists. There are many ways to operate modern day heavy equipments. Some use electricity, compressed air, or even manual power. Whether they are operated by manually, using electricity or air, Hoists Direct carries all three kinds of hoists in well known brand names.
The hoists are extremely useful when moving heavy items from one place to the other but the air hoist is used for a different kind of task. When vehicles are subjected to thorough service, the underbelly needs a good cleanup. It is the only way to remove mud, sand and debris glued to small spaces in that area. To check the underbelly of a vehicle it has to be hoisted so the mechanics can take a good look. The purpose of an air hoist is to raise the vehicle above ground level.
Another commonly used heavy equipment piece is come-along. This equipment is basically a spool of rope or metal wire with a brake to control. This equipment is used for pulling motor vehicles, boats and ships. Come-along is easy to transport because it is a small piece of machinery. This equipment comes in different capacities according to the weight they can lift. Generally a come-along can lift closer to three tons. Some of them have the length of rope or metal wire more than ten feet.
In mining and construction industries, hoist is an important piece of equipment. To move boulders, or lower something from a higher place hoists are used. The oldest method of operating a hoist was manual labor. When the electric chain hoist was developed in the early 1900s, moving and lowering heavy things became much easier. Especially the portability of this equipment is a great advantage to the construction and mining industries. Using human labor for these tasks can cost a lot more. Also, business owners will have to think about workers' safety. One careless accident can make a small company go completely bankrupt.
Companies that are in construction and mining businesses, it is very important to buy strong and durable equipments Hoist Direct is the best place to shop.
Guest Post provided by Hoists Direct which is well-stocked with heavy equipments. The company's air hoist is ideal for garages when cleaning up the underbelly of motor vehicles.
Beware of Cheap Bamboo Manufacturers
September 17, 2013 by admin
Filed under Home Guides and References
Manufacturers vary in their acquisition of raw materials, milling procedures and quality of finish used on their products. When homeowners decide to install bamboo flooring, they may be tempted to save a few bucks by using a cheap outlet store. The best finish to use on bamboo flooring is aluminum oxide. It's environmentally friendly, and it is one of the most durable, long lasting finishes on the market.
Bamboo flooring is some of the hardest types of wood flooring available for installation. Bamboo wood flooring hardness is comparable to Northern Red Oak, a popular choice for most hardwood flooring. But depending on the type of finish used, it can be easily scratched. Scratching can be prevented by using a high quality finish. Bargain outlets that sell cheap bamboo flooring only use the cheapest materials to treat the planks, which means even a light laundry basket can scratch the material. Like any hardwood floor, using an area rug or floor runner in high traffic areas can help your bamboo flooring last longer.
Cheap outlets may be using bamboo that is harvested after only 90 days. It's true that bamboo can grow back in three months, but it's not nearly as durable unless it has matured for about 5 to 7 years. Despite this time needed for re-growth, bamboo flooring is far more sustainable than hardwood flooring. Pine, oak, and maple trees commonly used in traditional hardwood floors take a minimum ten years to regenerate. However, they usually take much longer, and many types of hardwood trees take up to 120 years to grow back.
Guest post is provided by Bamboo Flooring Facts. For more information on the benefits of bamboo hardwood flooring, read the articles provided at www.bamboo-flooring-facts.com.
Checklist for Buying a Home
September 9, 2013 by admin
Filed under Real Estate
Most people buy a home without really thinking through all of the important little details. There are many factors that should go into the decision to buy a home.
The first step is interviewing agents to find the right one. There are some very important questions to ask potential agents, including how long they've been doing real estate and what their ratio of list to sale prices is. These elements can help you find someone that will help you find the perfect home!
Along with selecting the right agent, it's best to talk with the bank early on about getting approved for a home loan. Knowing upfront what price point works for you can keep you from falling for a home that you can't afford.
Once you've selected a real estate agent and sorted out a home loan, the next step is to make a list of all the qualities that you desire in a home. There should be three columns: all of the qualities that you desire, all of the things that you absolutely need in your home, and any qualities that you refuse to settle for. Once you have a more clear idea of what you will and will not accept in your future home, you are ready to start viewing properties.
Something that many people forget to do while house-hunting is to bring a notebook and camera along to every single viewing. The reason this is so important is that it's very easy to forget all of the important details of a property that you saw three houses ago.


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The Miracle of God's Grace
The three passages of Scripture this Sunday are human stories of people who are grappling with difficult situations in their lives. I suspect that is why I find myself resonating so strongly to each story.
First of all, there is the story of Jacob. He is a trickster, a con artist. He has to face up to the inevitable, a face to face encounter with his brother Esau whom he has wronged. He sends his family away to safety. He waits, alone. There in the darkness of the night he wrestles with a man. Is it a dream? So often it is in our dreams, is it not, that we work out our fears and anxieties, our regrets and guilt. Dream or not, they continue to wrestle throughout the night, neither of them willing to give in. Finally as day is breaking, Jacob says to him, "I will not let you go unless you bless me."
The man asks him his name. On hearing it, he responds, "You shall no longer be called Jacob, but
The story is a lovely metaphor of our human existence. It speaks to our condition. We do wrestle with our fears and anxieties. If you are at all like me, sometimes you do it all night, tossing and turning, worrying about what is going on in your life. You wrestle with yourself. You go over things that have happened. You look for solutions. You admit where you have gone wrong. You decide on a plan of action. You may be exhausted the next day, you may spend the whole day literally limping, but there is something so healing about facing up to all that is going on. The wounds may be visible, but there is a sense of resolution and of looking to the future.
Then there is Paul's story. He is communicating a personal experience, trying to help others to understand what is going on in his life. He feels a sense of frustration and disappointment with his ministry to the Gentiles. His great hope had been to share his amazing encounter with the risen Christ with his own people, the Jewish community, to bring them to faith. Instead he finds himself alienated from them. He feels at least partly to blame. His sense of failure is overwhelming to him. But truly, ministry does not work that way. We simply go where Christ leads, not where we think Christ should be leading. That is what it means to answer God's call. Once again, it may keep us up at night wondering if what we are doing is truly what God wants us to do. It may cause us anguish. But in the long run, following God's lead, doing what we are meant to do, blesses us in ways we could not have asked or imagined. Paul certainly discovered that in his ministry.
And there is Jesus' story. News has just come to him about the death of John the Baptist. He is in grief. He reacts as many of us do by withdrawing. He goes to a deserted place by himself. He wants time to consider the tragedy. He wants time to consider what it means in his own ministry. But the crowds follow him out into the wilderness. They follow as they always do. They have such need. He has compassion on them and heals their sick. And when evening comes the disciples want to send them away to fend for themselves.
"You give them something to eat," Jesus tells the disciples.
"We have nothing here but five loaves and two fish."
Out of his silence and grief, out of his compassion, Jesus performs a miracle. He takes the bread and fish and blesses them. He gives them what they want, a miracle to thrill them and bread to fill them.
We have all been there. We have experienced that need to be alone. Yet somehow the crowds always follow. Our responsibilities, our plans, our worries, the things we have been avoiding or unable for some reason to complete all crowd in on us until we cry out, "I have nothing more to give. I am at the end of my resources." And somehow God gives us the strength to go on. God's grace sustains us. We are fed spiritually. We find ourselves from what we considered to be our slim resources to be able to accomplish all that God is calling us to do. All of the stories are about peoples' ability to overcome great difficulties and maintain their faith.
This miracle, this feeding of the five thousand teaches us about our God, our God who provides for us. We have all been in situations that feel hopeless. We are constantly amazed by the ability of God to take what we offer and make it great. But it teaches us so much more. Jesus sustained physical life with bread. But his real purpose was giving people eternal life. And that is a real miracle in which we participate. He would have these people and us understand that the provision of God is more than enough to fulfill every need of every man, woman and child on earth.
All of this presents to us a tremendous commission. Needy people followed Jesus everywhere. We don't need to look very far to know that the thing most common to people is need of one kind or another. There are millions in our world who have the most basic needs of existence – food, clean water, shelter, freedom, security. There is within each of us a need for spiritual fulfillment, for inner assurance and serenity, for meaning and purpose in life.
As the people of God, we are fed and nourished so that there is no holding back in our life journey. We come to the table of the Lord and bread is shared with one another. Our journeys become the journeys of all. The path becomes one path lived together. That is the miracle of God's love. That is how God graces us. Amen.


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Filed under: Daily Entries | Tags: Andie McDowell, Asheville, Blue Spiral 1 Gallery, Charles Ladson, City Bakery, Emily Leonard, Fine Arts Theatre, French Broad Chocolate Lounge, Malaprops Book Store, meditation, Origami Ink, Terra Nostra Decor, The Greates Silence, Vicki Grant, Write On
I am in day 2 of my FIRST EVER trip to Asheville, NC. What a magical place! Right Brain thinking is alive and well here with art, galleries, beautiful shops, book stores, drums, cafe's, chocolate, mountains and friendly people all coated with a spiritual awareness that resonnates from the ground up!
I drove blindly into the center of town and parked within the central commercial district. Look at the first card I picked out of the stack at a precious little store, "Write On"!
I could not believe the text on the card! Do you ever feel like her? Literally, getting into your right brain makes an instant, dramatic difference. You have room to think, to be…. Next I walked down the street and was accosted by some of my favorite things ever–those star shaped lanterns! Had to snap a pic:
Next, I popped into Terra Nostra Decor. They had these amazing chairs called POOFS that I would highly recommend (they come in small and large). I sat in one and confirmed the comfiness. But, on my way out, this chair caught my eye. This is what someone should buy for their meditation area. Doesn't it just look Cleopatra and Buddha all rolled up in one!?!? Click on the image to go to terranostradecor.com–they ship anywhere (as a small biz owner I have to give them some PR!!!).
Next, I wandered up to Malaprops Book Store on Haywood St. www.malaprops.com. This is where I am going to have a book signing from noon-2p on October 17th! This store is so special. I met the owner, who was an obviously wise and wonderful spirit. Thank you for your store. After checking out with my 4 books–LOVE book stores and BOOKS, I proceeded on my visual feast of Asheville. Here is Malaprops. Come see me on Oct. 17th!
My next wonderful lstop was at Origami Ink. This store celebrates the Artist Within from all angles. You are swept up in new desires to write many letters, create beautiful art from found objects, paint, draw, gift….Lovely. I met Jonathan there. So sweet! I was really attracted to these painted and adorned antique, wooden birds. I tried to take a photo, but my camera died! Click on the image below to get to their site.
After a rondevous with old friends in Black Mountain and a pint of the Valdez Coffee brew at a local micro-brewery–so sorry I can't remember the name right now (It was so cool–in the warehouse where the brewing happens!!!), we went to dinner and I got to tour Blue Spiral Gallery all by myself! This gallery is incredible! Here is a view as I ascended the stairs to the extensive upper level!
The only reason I was able to enter is that they were hosting a reception for Andie McDowell (who lives in Asheville–and looks GREAT btw! I saw her outside the gallery) after she introduced a movie next door at the Fine Arts Theater. "The Greatest Silence, Rape in the Congo" was the film she introduced. Andie is CREATING CHANGE in her world! Thank you for your example! Inside the gallery I also had the treat of seeing a friend's artwork! Emily Leonard is one of my favorite artists. She is in Nashville, but her work is proudly displayed across the country. She painted a mural on a wall in our second Rumours Wine Bar. She is amazing. Go to www.emilyleonard.com. Here is an example of her work!
NOW, you all have an assignment from me to go visit an art gallery! It is so lovely to indulge in the beautiful visions and register your impressions and to what you are attracted. I had many savory moments last night in that gallery! Here are some of my favorites:
This is ceramic by artist Vicki Grant. Look at that crystal in the center, all the texture and subtle colors.
Below, "Where to…"
Where are you going? How are you getting there? Which boat would you hop into? These are all the thoughts that ran through my mind. Go to www.bluespiral1.com to peruse more! Tell them Whitney sent you.
The painting below is by artist Charles Ladson. His colors, unique combination of images and subject, and his obvious skill are a visual journey. The colors are, of course, so much more vibrant (yet still subtle) in person! I want one!!!
So, now I am sitting at City Bakery after indulging in the Melted Goat sandwich. It had roasted grapes on it, along with arugala and goat cheese. Yum! I have never had roasted grapes! I am anxious to get back out there. I have to make my next stop the French Broad Chocolate Lounge! Don't hate me! 🙂 Stay tuned for the exciting (I am sure it will be) conclusion to my Asheville trip. Thank you to all of these small businesses for creating such ambience in Asheville and for allwoing me to showcase the ART that is your business! Cheers! Whitney
Filed under: Daily Entries | Tags: Big Fish, Borders, Brain Sync, Creativity, Kelly Howell, Learn to Paint, Louise Hay, meditation, The Artist Within, Whitney Ferre'
I started out the day (after the kids got on the bus, of course) in my studio painting. You might think this is my daily routine. Alas, it is not so. I purposefully did not turn on the computer to avoid the cascade of virtual communication. I chose to create a little more space in my mind and picked up the brush.
These are paintings I paint as baby gifts. I have two "girl paintings" commissioned right now, so I checked into my right brain with all of these fun colors swirling around my vision. Lovely. As I painted, I listened to a Louise Hay CD. I splurged a bit in the audio CD section of Borders the other day because I thought I could listen to more books than I can read right now. It was quite lovely having Louise in my studio on this rainy, Nashville morning with my cup of coffee.
Next, I had a truly new experience for me!
I plugged in to my daughters' CD player to listen to my new friend, Kelly Howell of Brain Sync. OK, so my Artist Within is talking to me here. Kelly started Brain Sync (right/left brain synergy) and has an entire line of products to maximize your mental potential! It uses brain wave therapy, reproducing Theta brain waves to facilitate "Meditation, Intuition, and Memory".
WOW! Was I in heaven! I called the number on the CD and promptly ordered 24 of these CD sets to sell on my website–GREAT, AMAZING right brain workouts! Can't wait!
After an hour (!!!) of lying on my hallway floor, I remembered my coaching call with my "Big Fish" Coaching Group, headed by Lorin Beller Blake. They cracked up as I appeared on the call 24 minutes late with my "la-la land voice". CONTRAST is one of the Principles of Design and one of the elements I believe to be MOST important in creating a successful, fulfilling, FUN life! One of my epiphanies lying on the floor of meditation was, "I need this kind of time to contrast my over-active DOER." My friends in my coaching group told me the opposite of DOING was called BEING–seriously, I could not even remember! So great! I have accpeted that it is A-OK to just "be"!
During the coaching call (I may get in trouble here) I had started to paint the next layer on my "Portal Series" paintings. If you join The Artist Within fan page on Facebook, you will see all the step-by-step of this painting and all of my thoughts as I go. I made a major leap in that painting as a result of my meditation! Go to www.facebook.com/TheArtistWithinU for that whole story. But, here is an image of my studio table this morning: candle, coffee and paints! Yum!
I was so "peaced-out" by the time I left to have lunch with Christy, that the entire rest of my day had a glowing calmness to it.
Are you itching to paint yet? Good! Do it!
Creatively Yours (& ready for bed), Whitney
Filed under: Creativity Workouts | Tags: creativity workout, ice breakers, intuition, right brain
This exercise is from Chapter 11 in my book The Artist Within, A Guide to Becoming Creatively Fit. This was great this morning! It took me about 10 minutes total. Enjoy the pics!
Join my facebook fanpage at: www.facebook.com/TheArtistWithinU for step by step like this of my paintings!
Try this workout at home, in the a.m. or after a long day. Or, start your next meeting with this creativity workout! You will be amazed at the different results and ideas you get. It's about equality for both sides of the brain. Your right brain/Artist Within has a lot to offer you: energy, intuition, inspiration, new ideas, purpose-driven action, centering, peace….Try it.
Filed under: Daily Entries | Tags: ego, movie review, positive thinking, right brain, The Reader
I watched this movie last night–finally! It was incredible!
If you have not seen it, see it! If you have seen it, please consider the tragedy of this movie from a right brain perspective.
Regardless of your feelings about an affair between a 15 year old and a (??) 35 year old, they obviously had a special thing. The fact that the relationship haunted "Michael" the rest of his life is tragic and illustrates an important lesson that your ARTIST WITHIN would like you to notice.
Michael had the choice many times to create a different scenario than the one of the wounded lover. He allowed his understandable sadness to taint every relationship in his life. Instead of learning from his past and moving on–Hannah would not have wanted him to suffer so–he chose to keep it all inside, never sharing or opening up. Not that it would have been easy, but he became a victim of that affair rather than the artist of his own life.
Which path do you choose today? The sunny, green, or grey, dead end?
I don't want to get psycho-analytical, but what struck me last night (when I finished the movie at 1:15am!!!) was how much I wished he had created a different experience. Of course, it would not have made as great a movie, but what can we learn? A huge issue was that he never shared his love affair with anyone. He held it in, believing it to be shameful (just as H. hid her illiteracy). That was a choice he made. He stayed on the "island of Michael" (left brain-ego), rather than open up and trust the world to support him ("one with the universe" right brain). He spent his life disconnected when he could have created connectedness.
The painting this movie creates is very dark. Blues and greys, with small glowing dots of light–the good memories that were swallowed up by the darkness.
Each of you are creating the art that is your life every day. With an understanding of right and left brain, ego v. connectedness, you can consciously choose to create good from bad. Learning from an experience rather than suffering the memory over and over. Think about it….
Do you have something in your life that you could transform from obstacle to opportunity? It is your choice. Realize that you have two magnificently miraculous and powerful hemispheres in your mind that process things very, very differently.
If a thought or memory is not serving you well, then you have the ability to process that same experience from the opposite perspective and transform it into a positive.
Anyone who has achieved great things has also experienced the depths of failure. In the depths is where they learned the lessons they needed to get out of the depth and to the top. Or, you could stay in the depth, like our poor friend Michael in The Reader. Really, Hannah did not waste much energy in the past or future. She was brutally present.
So, on a happier note…here is a recent "energy drawing" workout I did in my sketchbook! So fun! THIS is how you change the way you are thinking and get into the other hemisphere! Create some fun today, everyone! ~Whitney
Filed under: Creativity Workouts | Tags: Art Retreat, Cheekwood, collage, creatively fit, how to paint, Mandala, paint kits, painting class, Painting Made Easy, right brain, ted.com
I have SO MUCH FUN teaching people to "fear no art"! I usually feel more like a coach than a teacher. Truly, the entire reason I teach people to paint, or otherwise make their mark, is because it is SO GOOD for their soul. Physiologically, it accesses their right brain, bringing them totally present.
They forget about ALL the things they have to do and they relax. Lovely. When they get into their right brain (by giving it a right brain task-like painting or scribbling) they are connected to the voice that "doesn't sweat the small stuff". It is the voice inside your mind that is motivated by the big picture, your purpose, your passion. It doesn't care about your emotional baggage or practicalities. It knows that it is connected to a big ol' universe that has everything you need to see your ideas and dreams come to fruition. It's the "Don't worry, be happy" side of your mind. On your left side you are ego-driven. On your right side you are "one with the universe"-Dr. Jill Bolte-Taylor. (Watch her speech on ted.com!!!)
Besides my Painting Made Easy workshop (first image), I also teach my Artist Within Workshop. This is a view of our work space at Cheekwood last weekend. What a gift that day was. The energy level in that room as we cut, pasted, scribbled, and painted, was so, so supportive, inspired, and relaxed. Not the easiest energy to find these days. The Creativity Workouts in my book were our muse and the results were magnificent–both in our minds and on the sketchbook page. Here is a participant's "Paper Weaving" exercise.
Next is an example of the "Torn Paper Face Collage". This is so much fun! All you have to do is tear out images from your old magazines and then put them together to make a face. Pay attention to the images you use for the eyes, the hair, etc. Your right brain is speaking to you through these images.
Below is one of my "torn paper face collages". Part of my work is balancing the inspired nature of my work with the business side. What the colorful ties in the background said to me is, "You can embrace the business aspect of your work and keep the fun." What encouragement from my "Artist Within"!
The bottom line, "Why I teach art…." I teach because my students' eyes light up as I take the fear out of creativity and give them permission to create CHANGE! When they leave they are fired up! They have an entirely new energy coursing through their veins that inspires them to do that "thing" that they have been meaning to do for years. They have a new paradigm to apply to the art that is their life! They have access to a new voice; a voice that is hopeful, optimisitic, and encouraging. They have learned how to tap a new energy within themselves that will keep them going when the left brain world overwhelms them with details and logisitics. They are becoming CREATIVELY FIT.
If you would like to entertain the possibility of hosting me at a studio or art center near you, please let me know. I would love to come visit and inspire your group! We can do it!
CREATE some change today in your world! You CAN do it! Your right brain voice, your Artist Within, is waiting to cheer you on. Tap into it! Grab a piece of paper right now. Draw a dot in the middle of the page and start doodling outward to make a mandala. I did this one with pencil and a couple of days later added the color oil pastels. I was so relaxed after this workout!
Be sure to subscribe to this blog (directly under my picture at the top of the page in the left margin) and become a FAN of "The Artist Within" on Facebook. On the Fanpage I will be sharing images of my paintings as I do them so that you can see how they evolve–it will give you hope, I promise!
So, "why I teach art" is why you should consider taking an art class. Order one of my Create CHANGE Paint Kits from my site www.creativelyfit.com and the Painting Made Easy DVD and get creatively fit in the comfort of your own home. OR, you could join us in Northern California this October 9-12th. Look at the info. on my EVENT page of www.creativelyfit.com Flex your right brain muscle. You will LOVE how it makes you feel.
Creatively yours, Whitney


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CINCINNATI ENQUIRER / SEARCH: 15967 US Rt 68 Green Twp, OH 45154
Single Family Lot
- $39,900 price
- 1607797 mls id
- Lot Size: 1 acres
- Neighborhood: Green Twp.
- Days on Market: 323
- Status: Active
Set-up lot complete with 3BR septic, water tap and electric! There is also a two car garage on the property. Minutes to Mt. Orab and Fayetteville. Close to a public park. Perfect for New Construction or Manufactured housing! Ready to GO!
- Area Brown-E11
- Directions N US 68 NW Corner Just As You Pass Greenbush Rd.
- School District Western Brown Local
Related Listings
Single Family Lot
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Look no further for the perfect spot to build! This 1.01 acre lot gives you the privacy you're looking for with the convenience to highways, shopping and other amenities. City water & gravity fed sewer avail. with gas at street. Nice fall to land for walk out basement. Creek in back of property...
Courtesy of: Keller Williams Advisors Realty
Office Phone: 656005257
Listing Agent: Bertha Thomas
Updated: 7th December, 2019 12:29 PM.
15967 US Rt 68 Green Twp, OH
Real Estate | Cincinnati Enquirer Powered by Placester


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Nothing says "I don't tan" better than wearing a long sleeve shirt and pants to the beach. One might as well look good!
I think I've got this. I finally know how to get dressed to go places. My fashionista angst from last year has ended in triumph! Sort of.
Of course, it's so much easier to dress for the shore in the summertime, because summer and the Jersey shore are made for each other. Wintertime is much more difficult to shop for here, but I don't have to worry about that for 4 more months, right?
There really is no "dressing up" down the shore, so fashionistas must settle for "dressing down" fashionably and well. This is actually a very good thing! It's a way to communicate an attitude of being permanently on vacation, even when one still has to work for a living.
It's too easy to get lazy about the local aesthetic, so Pinky Policy is NO cut off shorts, logo tees or cheap rubber flip flops, unless one is working in the yard. Also, preppy styles are for fashion backup only: For instance, polo shirts are only allowed on Casual Fridays at the office, when one is boating, or when one is too bewildered to take a chance on anything else, which I notice still happens with me a lot.
Of course like most, I don't have much spending cash these days. Bunny is taking most of mine: Private college tuition AND her city apartment rent, even when shared and even with her 50% scholarship, takes a big bite out of the wallet. It leaves me with barely enough cash to keep me in beauty serums, vitamins and hormones, so any item of clothing I buy has to be cheap, cheap cheap. TJMax and clearance catalogues to the rescue!
First, the essentials. The linen-pants-big-shirt ensemble will take one anywhere. So does the basic shift dress, and the classic white pants. I already had several shift dresses for work, so first on the list for summer was the pants. White ones. GAH! Was I serious? I was never a fan of white pants. They get dirty and typically only last one season. For some reason the following year they look yellow no matter how many times they get laundered. I compromise by choosing ivory or off-white whenever I can, and when I do buy white, it's cheap and bleach-able.
STYLE TIP: I bought the gauze pants to the upper left and they're great. Unfortunately the top won't work if you're short, even in a petite size.
I've conceded that white jeans are a must for summertime. They feel dressier than blue jeans, though the whole concept of "dress jeans" distresses me because it's an oxymoron: You don't wear jeans to dress up, dummy. There are so few opportunites to dress these days, why waste them?
Still, I bought a pair, by Michael Kors, one of my favorite designers because his clothes come in petite sizes. These fit me perfectly, they were on clearance, and they're juuust a little bit off-white, so they'll age better than most.
STYLE TIP: Unlike the model to the upper right, I don't wear high heels with white jeans. Here one wears expensive and/or embellished versions of "flip flops."
So let's see where are we at . . . White linen pants, gauze pants, drawstring pants, white "big" pants – I'm not sure what else to call them but big – These pants fill my closet, all very versatile, look great, and unlike dresses, skirts and shorts they don't require self-tanner. In fact white pretty much requires that one NOT wear self-tanner. Yay! Lose the sash, and I can wear these pants just about anywhere. Now that I've got the safe options covered I can move on to actual fashion. Shopping is fun again! Or, is it?
MMMMM not yet, not really.
How to dress an inverted triangle shape
Dressing the funnel-shaped lady
Style icon: Victoria Beckham
Shirts and blouses are very frustrating to me. For most women it seems, jeans and pants are the banes of their shopping existence, but my bane is shirts and blouses. They tend to make me look blobby. It's my shortish torso and all the boobage that are so very hard to work with. Victoria Beckham copes with her petite and inverted triangle body shape by remaining freakishly thin and favoring deep v-neck tops. My lifestyle doesn't allow for that.
STYLE TIP: Find a famous fashionista who shares your body type, and copy her look to the best of your ability and in accordance with your own life style. She can afford a stylist.
Consequently, if I am to look elegant and appropriate, I must purchase stretchy petite sizes that don't look cheap, matronly or clownish, preferably in subdued patterns to hide what my bra doesn't adequately cover. Furthermore they must be absolutely free of embellishments like sequins, glitter and bows. Shirts that meet my criteria are almost impossible to find on sale.
And pardon me a moment while I vent: What IS it with the goddamn HORIZONTAL STRIPES? So they're "nautical," so what? What woman in her right mind buys them? Maybe model-like thin girls with flat chests and narrow shoulders? There are perhaps 15 of them in my state, which is why the outlet stores are glutted with horizontal striped clothing nobody wants.
STYLE TIP: Don't buy horizontal stripes.
Sigh. Anyway. I finally bought a few things from J. Jill, and just as I predicted last year it made me feel old. I am not their target baby boomer market, but they do have plain basics in petite sizes. The trick is finding them on clearance. Unfortunately the shirt to the left is not on clearance.
Then, there's the tunic. Soft Surroundings, one of my favorite catalogues, has a perfect array of tops for those who rely on tunics to look and feel put-together. Unfortunately I have to be careful with tunic styles as they tend to make me look pregnant. Paired with some skinny pants, however, I might be able to pull off the looks below. Maybe this autumn, when they go on clearance, I can get a few for next year:
That's what I did with one of last year's toppers; i.e., crossed my fingers and waited a year. It goes so well with what I have already, and since I was patient I was able to get it for a song:
These toppers are great for my body type, in that they're long and meant to be worn open. They lengthen and thin out my torso, and cover the boobs. Add some pants with a little flare and a pair of statement shoes and I'm balanced out. For now at least, long thin open sweaters are making up for my inability to find decent tops on sale. Plain t-shirts appear to be the best I can do for now. So let's forget about tops and talk about SHOES, shall we? They probably deserve a post of their own.