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What Is the Relationship Between Interest Rates and Valuations?
"Lower interest rates justify a higher than average price-earnings valuation." – Pundit
You've heard the story before:
Equity valuations are high…
Interest rates are low….
Data sources for all charts/tables herein: Robert Shiller (http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data.htm)
Ergo, high valuations are "justified" by lower interest rates. Why?
Some argue that because stocks are the present value of future cash flows, lower interest rates should result in a higher present value, and vice versa (PV = FV / (1+i)^n, where i = interest rates).
Others argue that when bond yields are lower, earnings yields (Earnings/Price) should be lower as well. Investors are said to be choosing between stocks and bonds (they are "competing" asset classes), and if they are accepting a lower interest rate on bonds, they should also accept a lower yield on stocks. The corollary: they will accept a higher valuation (Price/Earnings).
Putting aside whether these arguments hold water, what does the data suggest? Is there a strong relationship between interest rates and valuations? Let's take a look…
Going back to 1881, there is little evidence of a strong relationship. The R^2 between the two variables (CAPE Ratio and 10-Year Treasury Yield) is .025, which means that knowledge of interest rates accounts for only 2.50% of the variation in CAPE ratios. This would be essentially useless for predictive purposes, as 97.50% of the variation in CAPE ratios occurs for reasons unconnected to interest rates.
Breaking 10-year yields down into deciles, one can readily observe the lack of a linear relationship…
The lowest decile of interest rates (1.5% – 2.4%) actually has a median CAPE Ratio of 15, which is slightly below the overall median of 16.
The highest average CAPE ratios historically were found not in periods of extremely low-interest rates, but in the 8th decile (range of 4.5% to 6% 10-Year Treasury yield).
But what about the story of the early 1980s, the one where interest rates started at record highs and were accompanied by extremely low valuations? Yes, this is a good one, and over the next 18 years, stock prices and valuations would rise while interest rates would fall.
The only problem is this story is rarely followed by the period from 1949 to 1968 when valuations and interest rates moved higher, together.
The full data set shows a correlation of -0.16, meaning that there is a slight historical tendency for higher interest rates to be associated with lower valuations (and vice verse), but it is not nearly as predictive as many suggest. There have been many periods where interest rates and valuations have been low (1934-35, 1938, 1940-1954) and other periods where interest rates and valuations have been high (1995-2000). There is no calculation that can give you the appropriate valuation at a given interest rate because such a valuation does not exist.
Why then, do market pundits continue to perpetuate the myth that interest rates are the primary driver of equity valuations? Likely because it helps them with a narrative. If they are bullish on the stock market and want to dismiss higher valuations as irrelevant, low-interest rates seem to be the perfect rationale.
Few will confront them with the historical evidence, and fewer still will ask the most important question of all: if high valuations are "justified" due to low-interest rates, does that imply that forward returns are expected to be strong? I'll explore the answer to that question in an upcoming post.
Related Posts:
Just How Overvalued Are US Equities?
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Charlie Bilello is the Director of Research at Pension Partners, LLC, an investment advisor that manages mutual funds and separate accounts. He is the co-author of four award-winning research papers on market anomalies and investing. Charlie is responsible for strategy development, investment research and communicating the firm's investment themes and portfolio positioning to clients. Prior to joining Pension Partners, he was the Managing Member of Momentum Global Advisors and previously held positions as a Credit, Equity and Hedge Fund Analyst at billion dollar alternative investment firms.
Charlie holds a J.D. and M.B.A. in Finance and Accounting from Fordham University and a B.A. in Economics from Binghamton University. He is a Chartered Market Technician (CMT) and also holds the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) certificate.
In 2017, Charlie was named the StockTwits Person of the Year. He has been named by Business Insider and MarketWatch as one of the top people to follow on Twitter and his work has been featured in Barron's, Bloomberg, and the Wall Street Journal.
You can follow Charlie on twitter here.
Pension Partners, LLC is a federally registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Registration as an investment adviser does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The oral and written communications of an adviser provide you with information about which you determine to hire or retain an adviser. For more information about Pension Partners please visit: https://adviserinfo.sec.gov/ and search for our firm name.
The information herein was obtained from various sources. Pension Partners does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information provided by third parties. The information given is as of the date indicated and believed to be reliable. Pension Partners assumes no obligation to update this information or to advise on further developments relating to it.
Past performance is not indicative nor a guarantee of future results.
This writing is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell, a solicitation to buy, or a recommendation regarding any securities transaction, or as an offer to provide advisory or other services by Pension Partners, LLC in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, purchase or sale would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction. The information contained in this writing should not be construed as financial or investment advice on any subject matter. Pension Partners, LLC expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken based on any or all of the information on this writing.
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Deck the Small Halls: Comedian Jimmy the Janitor at the DACA Centre! December 7th
Join us for the special Hall-iday Show Series with the Ontario Festival of Small Halls!
On Friday, December 7, at 7:30 p.m. Jimmy the Janitor - all the way from the East Coast - will perform his clean comedy show at the DACA Community Centre in Dacre!
Jimmy the Janitor is a regular on CBC Television and the Comedy Network and has appeared on CBC's Madly Off in All Directions, The Roundup and Definitely Not the Opera. Jimmy is currently heard coast to coast on his daily radio comedy show "Jimmy Live" and is known for good, clean laughs!
Sandy Gillis is a native Cape Bretoner now living in Prince Edward Island. After 25 years in broadcasting he retired as partner and an Operating Director of the Maritime Broadcasting System to pursue his "funny business" as comedian "Jimmy the Janitor". The jovial janitor has 11 CD'S to date, a successful nationally syndicated radio show, many comedy appearances on CBC Radio-TV and the Comedy Network, is a founding member of "Late Night Live", the Hub Cap Comedy Review, has one movie under his belt, was a principal player in the TV series "Daring and Grace" and performs at conferences and theatres in Canada and the United States.
Tickets and info at www.ontariosmallhalls.com or by phone at 613-402-1425. Come deck the halls with us!
|Email: Ontario Festival of Small Halls
Dacre, Ontario, Canada

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Mar 29, 2019
very good course it takes time to complete but it teaches you a lot.
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the contents of the course is great.
автор: Deleted A•
Apr 10, 2019
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Great course with full of learning!
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It has great views from justified points, although it has too much question about names and authors who can be useless to day-to-day.
автор: María d C O R•
Feb 12, 2018
Muy bueno y accesible.


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Ismail Omipidan
A two-time commissioner in Borno State and former spokesman of erstwhile National Chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Mr. Inuwa Bwala, x-rays political developments in Borno State, especially the clamour for power rotation amongst its zones and concludes that his former boss may not fit into the calculations of 2019.
Your voice seems to have died down since your boss, Ali Modu Sheriff lost out in the battle for the control of the PDP, why the seeming silence?
I have had my days at the time I ought to be speaking, but one cannot be a man for all seasons and perhaps the current season does not favour my active participation.
Those times when I might have been active were dictated by the circumstances around me and they may have changed. I have always maintained that I am a circumstantial politician, and the situation now places me on the bench like my boss.
Be that as it may, I am actively involved in the local politics back home and I have been making my contributions at that level.
I may not be as visible on national airwaves, but that does not mean I am not involved at home.
READ ALSO: JUST IN: Ambode picks Nomination Form for second term Monday
Are you likely to throw in your hat for the governorship against the permutations for power shift to Southern Borno where you come from?
I am clearly not in contention for any elective position given the situation on ground. The climate is still hazy and nobody can say what will be the direction of things.
But I have been an advocate of power rotation in Borno for a very long time. It has been the dream and hope of all sons and daughters of Southern Borno.
I drafted the message being broadcast on radio and television on the issue, but have been silent for some time now.
Some of us have chosen to be silent because the clamour has assumed a curious dimension to the effect that it is now being championed by non-stakeholders and somebody who has consistently stood in the way for us to actualise that dream.
Who could that be?
We are surprised that the former governor of the state, Ali Modu Sheriff who had the opportunity to give it to us on a platter is now pretending to support our course.
One can see that there is no sincerity in it, looking at the people working with him on the project.
We know as a matter of fact that he is desperate to regain control of power so as to pursue his vendetta against those who deserted him. He is looking for willing partners to work towards distracting the government in the state, and may have found some amongst my brothers from southern Borno.
It is on record that the same Ali Modu Sheriff , in the build up to the 2011 elections, who was reported as having promised to go for a southern Borno candidate, later sabotaged Adamu Dibal, who was his deputy for eight years and who hails from Biu, from getting elected as governor from Southern Borno.
He brought in his cousin, the late Fannami Gubio, may his soul rest in peace, and went ahead to manipulate the primaries where Adamu Dinal lost.
One would have expected him to make up for Dibal when Gubio died, by doing the logical thing in picking Gubio's runner up in the primaries since they were only two in the race, but choose to bring forward the incumbent governor, Kashim Shettima and denied Adamu Dibal from further participating in the subsequent primary that produced Shettima.
READ ALSO: Again, Islamic movement demands Zakzaky's release
I give it to Kashim Shettima, he is young, intelligent, humble and pragmatic, but that is a story for another day.
Again when he defected to the PDP, Ali Modu Sheriff never considered any person from Southern Borno, but went for Mohammed Imam from Borno Central to fly the flag of the PDP in the 2015 governorship.
All these and other actions he took while we were with him, left me in no doubt that his new romance with the idea of power shift is a mere ploy to confuse stakeholders and electorate to actualise a personal vendetta.
Those who are following him blindly may not see what we can see, but my word of advice to them is to know that there is no free lunch with Ali Sheriff.
You seem to have turned against Ali Modu Sheriff, your boss. What is happening between you?
Rather I am trying to cut my teeth without any form of tutelage. As you may be aware, I resigned as Ali Modu Sheriff's spokesman since last year and that is why you don't hear me talk on his behalf.
I left him for some personal reasons which I will not want to discuss at this stage. I have worked with four governors, all of whom I still hold in reverence, so I will not want to discuss my problems with Ali Sheriff.
I give him his dues as my former boss, even though he may have hurt me in some ways. I have worked with the late Mala Kachallah who treated me like a son, I have worked with Abdullahi Adamu in Nasarawa State and we still enjoy mutual relationship, I returned to Borno and worked with Ali Modu Sheriff, for whom I had to sacrifice my position in government as a commissioner as a mark of my loyalty.
I worked with the incumbent governor, Kashim Shettima, who is a personal friend yet my boss. I have had varied experiences working with all these people and I give God the glory for such a privilege, which was not available to so many others.
Like I said, certain aspects of the experiences are better kept for myself or for my memoirs when it eventually comes.
What many people do not know about the relationship between Ali Modu Sheriff and Governor Shettima is that, as a matter of fact, even in the heat of the disagreement, Governor Shettima has always maintained a sense of fidelity towards Ali Modu Sheriff, whom he always refers to 'my boss.'
He had said at several public fora that he remains eternally grateful to Ali Sheriff for bringing him into political limelight and the eventual confidence Sheriff reposed in him. This much he has told me several times when I tried to mediate in the crisis.
On the other hand, Ali Sheriff made us to believe that any negative development around him has the imprimatur of Kashim Shettima. This suspicion was further fuelled by some of the negative impressions some lieutenants on both sides created in the minds of the main gladiators.
While the division lasted, so many people fed fat on it; those of us who dare tell the truth were often regarded as renegades.
That spirit of suspicion is one of the issues standing in the way of genuine reconciliations to date.
The governor has in all honesty demonstrated greater desire for reconciliation, but Sheriff is still apparently obsessed with the spirit of vendetta.
He has continued to do things that may leave Governor Shettima with no option than to fight for his own political survival. I listened to an interview by Ali Sheriff's erstwhile deputy, Adamu Yuguda Dibal, whom I respect a lot, and was disturbed by the revelations to the effect that Sheriff is working not to only undermine Shettima but even President Muhammadu Buhari, and yet pretending to be their compatriot.
In a nutshell, today they are in the same party again, but the relationship may have been irredeemably impaired.
But with Sheriff as the virtual leader of the APC in Borno, what are your chances in the 2019 elections?
I am not seeking election so I have no fears. I am aware that Ali Modu Sheriff has returned to the APC, and I am also aware that he is desperate in seeking to be regarded as its leader in Borno State.
He has returned to meet familiar foes, most of whom were his foot soldiers before. They know his antics and he knows their capacities.
I promise you Borno will be the usual melting pot, but Sheriff will be the eventual loser. It is not because I underrate him, but because greater number of those who fought to entrench Sheriff's dominance in politics are now on his opposing side and it will not be the usual tea party for him.
The APC was winning its elections even before Sheriff returned to the party. He is not going to do anything extra ordinary from what Governor Kashim Shettima and his team have been doing before.
Let me tell you, the dynamics of the political equation in Borno has since shifted from what people perceived to be under one-man control.
The upcoming generation now know their onions better and will not cheaply lend themselves to the head boy style of politics.
Sheriff may have had his ways in the past, to the effect that at a point, people think he was the soul of any political contest in Borno. Subsequent events have demystified him, to the effect that he was defeated in so many elections even as a sitting governor.
When he made us to desert the APC, the expectations were that he will stamp his authority and retake the state.
The elections of 2015 has proved him to be a paper tiger, as he failed to secure the basic 25 percent for his principal, Goodluck Jonathan at that time.
Can Governor Kashim withstand Sheriff's cult- like followership across the state and his large financial war chest?
The so called cult-like followership is a façade. We were the so called followers and where am I today?
In any case, In the first place I want to assume that he returned to the APC with the best of intentions, to help the leadership at the state level to build the party.
If that is the motive, I think he will get the soft landing he desperately seeks after his humiliating exit from the PDP.
If otherwise, because he feels he has followership and the requisite financial war chest to bulldoze his way, I want to tell you that he will be making a gross miscalculation.
Neither the followership nor the money people think are available for him to play around with, are there any longer there.
His most ardent followers, including my humble self will not go into the misadventure with him, because we have since realised that we are important only when we are available as cannon fodders.
And even if he has the money, it will be foolhardy for anybody to assume that a particular individual could match his resources against that of a state government.
Sheriff has promised to galvanise one million votes for President Buhari's re-election in Borno.
I can tell you authoritatively that the likely person who can make such a pledge and likely get the results is the governor, who is in firm grip of the political structure in Borno State.
Any promise by any other person is like building castles in the air. I stand to be proved wrong.
Those who went into politics tying their fate to the apron strings of a particular individual may have missed the point in the first place.
You see, every politician is a stakeholder in his or her own locality. I may not have the spread he has but I am relevant in my place. My people love me and I love them. My politics is not tied to Ali Sherriff's apron string.
He met me a self-made man, who volunteered to work with him for the good of our state and Nigeria. He does not spoon feed me politically and is not in a position to determine how I play my politics.


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TRON is a project that stirs a lot of strong emotions in the crypto community, one way or the other. The project, led by Justin Sun, directly competes with the Ethereum project and has developed a reputation for taking its competition with the latter very seriously. .
On Twitter, Sun publicized a new report released by dapp.reviews that claims that TRON has officially become the number 1 platform for decentralized applications (dapps).
#TRON is No.1 now in terms of total Dapp users and active dapp users! #TRX $TRX #BitTorrent #BTT $BTT https://t.co/0Eh9v1tMEm
— Justin Sun (@justinsuntron) February 18, 2019
The three major dapp platforms are Ethereum, EOS and TRON, and each of the three has a significant and varied collection of applications running on their respective platforms including games, job marketplaces, and betting markets.
Dapp.review records information on the state of dapps, including the number of dapps on each platform as well as the number of active users.
The latest report from the website showcases TRON's growth as a dapp platform, with TRON comfortably in the lead at 267,000 dapp users in the past 2 months. Ethereum and EOS are at some distance behind at 197,00 and 151,000 users respectively.
Sun has been vocal about his criticisms of the Ethereum project, and has made overthrowing Ethereum as the number one dapp platform a high-ranking priority.
Who Will Win in the Long Run?
While the results of this report will make TRON enthusiasts happy, the race is by no means over.
Ethereum is busy building the foundations for the long-term success of the project including developments such as Casper and sharding, which would allow for it scale immensely and avoid possible performance bottlenecks in the use of dapps, such as when it happened in the case of CryptoKitties.
TRON too will have to develop its infrastructure to maintain its lead in the dapp space.
While it does indeed process more Transactions Per Second (TPS) than Ethereum, the bright future of cryptocurrency where crypto is universal means that it too will have to focus its attention on developing the infrastructure for wide-scale use. TRON has made it a point to focus on partnerships and projects in combination with BitTorrent.
In an interview with Investopedia, Sun described his approach to beating Ethereum:
At TRON we always emphasize the importance of accessibility and our dedication to the community. That's why we made sure to deliver on our goals of being faster and cheaper than Ethereum, providing an easy-to-use and affordable network to our vibrant community of talented developers… In addition, TRON also has more flexibility in dapp development because we can adopt existing Ethereum smart contracts and have tools to develop our own TRON dapps.
Ethereum, meanwhile, is gearing up for the introduction of the Constantinople upgrade, which will introduce several new Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs). The launch was delayed after a security bug was found in one of the EIPs.
Constantinople may boost Ethereum's price, but the real significance of its value comes from the fact that Ethereum is refining the platform for the long run, which could subsequently attract more dapp development on the platform.


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Message Advisor for IMS 1.6
All versions
- Message Advisor for IMS 1.8
- Message Advisor for IMS 1.7
- Message Advisor for IMS 1.6
This space contains information about the 1.6.00 release of the Message Advisor for IMS product.
The Message Advisor for IMS product helps you preserve data integrity by resolving message handling problems through advanced features for dequeueing, unloading, and requeueing messages as well as displaying messages, message queue statistics, and message queue contents. With Message Advisor, you can control and view the contents of IMS message queues by:
- Displaying message queue contents
- Dequeueing queued messages
- Unloading queued messages to external data sets
- Requeueing previously queued messages, and changing certain characteristics, if desired
Product guides (PDFs) for each release that this space supports
Product notices (PDFs) before April 24, 2017
For more recent notices, see Latest notices.
Supported versions and how to contact Support.
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Buy Website Traffic | Increase Website Traffic | SEO Backlinks | Alexa Ranking
Pair faced the media ahead of their blockbuster fight at Wembley on Saturday night with the 41-year-old dismissing claims he is injured
WLADIMIR KLITSCHKO has laughed off claims he has picked up an eye injury in the build-up to his mega-fight with Anthony Joshua, branding it "fake news."
While AJ has promised: "April 29 is another stepping stone toward greatness."
The pair square up at Wembley Stadium on Saturday in unquestionably the biggest fight of the year so far.
And Joshua, 27, reckons he is on the cards for another routine victory.
The Watford ace said: "I will win, it is not rocket science, it is a fight, I will win.
"When I wrap it up it is a win on the record and we move on. We will continue to reign, I am sure."
"I don't underestimate any opponent and through mistakes I have learnt and got myself right.
"It's just me and a man coming to blows and the best man will win. I enjoy the sport, I take it seriously and April 29 is another stepping stone toward greatness."
Klitschko kicked talk of an eye injury into touch though, dismissing any talk that he will not be at 100 per cent ahead of the heavyweight bout.
Asked about the claims, he said: "Fake news!"
Meanwhile Klitschko says he has put his video prediction for the fight on a memory stick, which he will reveal the results of after the bout, before selling the USB stick off for charity.
A Real Mess
Lionel Messi reveals the only player he has ever asked to swap shirts with – and Barcelona fans won't be happy
Homes under the Jam-mer
James Rodriguez has 'verbal agreement' to join United… while wife house hunts in UK
Neym your price
Neymar tells pals Man United boss Jose Mourinho is prepared to buy out his £170m Barcelona contract
Alexis Sanchez slammed for falling to the floor and holding his face after being hit by a throw-in during Arsenal's 1-0 win over Leicester
zlat's a nice touch
Zlatan Ibrahimovic turns down £13million offer by Manchester United to pay him while injured
'I gave him a slap'
Eden Hazard used to be BEATEN UP in dressing room for showing disrespect, reveals Ex-Lille team-mate Nicolas Plestan
Mor Worries
Chelsea dealt huge blow with Alvaro Morata targeting 'dream' Juventus return if he leaves Real Madrid
Notts County steward who tripped kids up as Portsmouth fans ran onto pitch to celebrate promotion is SACKED
IPL 2017: Indian Premier League schedule, results and fixtures from the 10th edition of the T20 tournament
Conor McGregor posts sly dig at bitter rival Floyd Mayweather and claims knowing just boxing is 'very limited'
marc of respect
Chelsea have £17m bid for Claudio Marchisio rejected but Juventus would sell midfield star for £25million
Cristiano Ronaldo in but Eden Hazard and Zlatan Ibrahimovic out of Jose's all-time best XI
'You're embarrassing yourself'
Arsenal star Alexis Sanchez slammed by Carl Frampton and Ben Kay after posting picture of split lip
When is Anthony Joshua v Wladimir Klitschko, how can I get tickets and can I watch it on TV?
Eden Hazard tells pal: 'I want to win the title with Chelsea… then sign for Real Madrid'
Barcelona launch complaint in cheat row as Malaga owner and boss suggest they will let Real win title
'No aggregate fam'
Michy Batshuayi trolls Arsenal Fan TV and says Chelsea will beat Gunners 10-2 in cup final
He held the small plastic stick up to the onlookers and said: "On this stick, I recorded a video last week (and) I gave my prediction.
"This stick is going to be integrated into my robe.
"Do not ask me, after that fight, what is on the stick.
"The only person who is going to be able to open it up and watch it is the person who buys this robe, with all the money going to the Klitschko Foundation."
One of the on-going themes of Saturday's bout has been the healthy level of respect between the two contenders.
But veteran Klitschko dispelled any talk of the two holding anything back for the clash.
He added: "Boxing is a violent sport. We all can be friendly with each other – respect is never going to get lost.
"But once that bell rings one man needs to go down and the other needs to conquer.
"When the last bell rings, we will shake hands again. In betwee, on the night, we will be enemies.
"We will definitely show the world that despite the violence, we can handle each respectfully before and after."
Promoter Eddie Hearn also waxed lyrical about the presence of Klitschko in London.
He said: "It's an honour to have Wladimir here – he's a legend of the heavyweight division. This is his 29th world championship fight, and I know he's got the bit between his teeth.
"We mustn't forget what the sport of boxing did for Anthony Joshua.
"He is the perfect example of how this great sport changed his life.
"He is an honour to represent, but on Saturday he has the ultimate test."
Meanwhile trainer Rob McCracken hailed Joshua's form, claiming he is at the best he has ever been.
He said: "I think he is at the peak of his powers.
"Wladimir will find out on Saturday night because he isn't even sure how good he will do, himself.
"It is going to be tough for him. He is going in with an extremely severe opponent."
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|SNES Super Bomberman 4 (JPN) in 18:01.48 by wwmarx.
|snes9x movie (.smv) (date: 2010-02-17)
MP4 file via BitTorrent (size: 38.49 MB, length: 20:19)
Mirror www.archive.org
Watch on (aktan.site90.com)
Submission #2563 — Author's comments
Discuss this movie
Rating: 6.5 (20.5 votes)
|- 2 Players
- Takes damage to save time
- Genre: Action
|In this Japanese-only installment of the Super Bomberman series, two players are once again used to make very short work of the levels. If you enjoy this run, there are runs of the first three games as well as the fifth.


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Two True Blood Villains Make List of 15 Creepiest TV Characters
November 14, 2010 by Lorissa Marr
Russell and Maryann "Characters That Give Us The Heebie-Jeebies"
There are a number of TV characters that give us the creeps. Could be the way they look or maybe its the way they act, but some characters stand out more than others. Popculturemonster.com recently put out a list of the 15 television characters that disturb us the most and True Blood's own Russell Edgington and Maryann Forrester made the cut! Here is the complete list.
Russell Edgington – True Blood
At over 3000 years old the Vampire King of Mississippiis used to doing what he wants without consequence. Having that kind of power would definitely go to your head. Russell begins the season kidnapping Bill, sharing his blood with werewolves and beheading the Magister. However once his long time lover Talbot is killed, Russell goes from evil to unbalanced in the blink of an eye, ripping out the spine of an on-air anchorman and staking a human to re-enact his lover's death. Arguably his "creepiest" act was carrying Talbot's remains around in a glass jar until they were flushed down the garbage disposal.
Lilith – Supernatural
Lilith was a demon that possess humans on Supernatural. She is disturbing enough when she is in the form of a little girl, however what cemented her position on this list was when she was all grown up and it was revealed that she eats babies.
Angelus – Buffy the Vampire Slayer & Angel
There were a number of scary characters on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and the spin-off Angel, however none stand out more than Angelus. Alternating between terrorizing Buffy and tapping into his inner stalker by drawing her in her sleep, it was his murder of Jenny Calendar that earned him his spot on this list. As if killing her wasn't bad enough, he left her dead body in bed for her boyfriend to find, after making the scene look like a carefully planned seduction.
Maryann Forrester – True Blood
The first time we see Maryann is standing by the side of the road, naked, with a pig. Its hard to believe but it was actually downhill from there. There are several things which could have landed Maryann on this list. From causing the town to engage in orgies, her sacrifice to her god or serving human heart pie, take your pick!
Der Kindestod – Buffy The Vampire Slayer
Der Kindestod's looks alone could land him on this list. On top of being creepy looking, he cannot be seen by healthy people and preys on sick children, which only adds to his disturbing vibe. This demon is so bad that his episode is one of the only Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode's that isn't shown in reruns. He meets his end by Buffy snapping his neck.
The Wraith – Stargate: Atlantis
The Wraith are a telepathic alien species that feed on the life force of human beings. While their perfectly normal names like Todd and Michael are amusing, the feeding organs on their hands that reduces humans to ugly messes, earned them their spot on this list.
The Peacock Family – The X-Files
If the inbreeding doesn't disturb you enough, the limbless mutant mother ought to do it for you. There are numerous reasons this family will give you the heebie-jeebies.
Benjamin Linus – Lost
Benjamin Linus was the leader of the Others and his motives for the most part were never really clear. He was responsible for the death of several people on the island. Ben constantly changed sides and the mind games, combined with his beady little eyes earned him his spot on the list.
Dave Williams – Desperate Housewives
Just one look at Dave Williams and you know something is not quite right. He screams mentally unbalanced. We learn that his wife and child were killed in a car accident prompting him to dive right off the deep end. He kills his shrink, sets a fire and blames a child for it and chokes his wife. In his final act of crazy he kidnaps Susan and her son earning himself a trip to the loony bin and a spot on this list.
Pennywise The Dancing Clown – IT
Let's face it – clowns can be pretty creepy. When you add in that this particular clown shapeshifts into whatever his victim fears most, well its no wonder he's on this list.
The Gentlemen – Buffy the Vampire Slayer
The Gentlemen are fairy tale ghouls who steal your voice so you can't scream while they take out your heart. They do this while smiling and clapping. Creepy much? Out of the 44 minute episode that The Gentlemen are part of there is only 17 minutes of dialogue. This was also the only episode of the show to earn an Emmy Nomination for Outstanding Writing.
The Smoke Monster – Lost
The fact that this is an unexplained fog with an apparent agenda is unsettling enough! The Man In Black was turned into the fog after an encounter with the Heart of the Island. It manifests itself as other people and uses this ability to lure people to its side. Many of the deaths were a result of The Smoke Monster whether directly or indirectly.
The Reavers – Firefly & Serenity
Reavers are humans who live on the fringes of civilized space and have turned animalistic. With a warning label of "they'll rape us to death, eat our flesh and sew our skins into their clothing, and if we're very, very lucky, they'll do it in that order", its not surprising that they made the list.
Matthias Pavayne – Angel
Matthias Pavayne was a doctor that was nicknamed The Reaper for performing unnecessary, fatal surgeries on his patients. He committed a series of brutal, ritualistic murders. An eerie chant of "It's gonna get you. Reaper's gonna get you" is enough to creep you out.
Trinity/Arthur Mitchell – Dexter
Arthur Mitchell was a serial killer on Dexter, who was also known as the Trinity Killer. Arthur managed to portray the kindly family man to the general public, while flying into rages in private. He is obsessed with his dead family members and he manages to get into your head and disturb you.
So what do you think of this list? Is there anyone obviously missing?
Source: popculturemonster.com
(Photo Credit: popculturemonster.com)


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retina is a topic covered in the Taber's Medical Dictionary.
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pl. retinae [L.]
The innermost layer of the eye, which receives images transmitted through the lens and contains the receptors for vision, the rods and cones.
retinal (-năl), adj.
The retina is a light-sensitive membrane on which light rays are focused. It extends from the entrance point of the optic nerve anteriorly to the margin of the pupil, completely lining the interior of the eye. It consists of three parts. The pars optica, the nervous or sensory portion, extends from the optic disk forward to the ora serrata, a wavy line immediately behind the ciliary process; the pars ciliaris lines the inner surface of the ciliary process; and the pars iridica forms the posterior surface of the iris. Slightly lateral to the posterior pole of the eye is a small, oval, yellowish spot, the macula lutea, in the center of which is a depression, the fovea centralis. This region contains only cones and is the region of the most acute vision. About 3.5 mm nasally from the fovea is the optic papilla (optic disk), where nerve fibers from the retina make their exit and form the optic nerve. This region is devoid of rods and cones and is insensitive to light; hence it is named the blind spot.
The layers of the retina, in the order light strikes them, are the optic nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner synaptic layer, bipolar cell layer, outer synaptic layer, layer of rods and cones, and pigment epithelium.
RETINA Microscopic structure of optic disk area
The retina is normally red, reflecting blood flow, and is pale in anemia or ischemia.
The arteries are branches of a single central artery, which is a branch of the ophthalmic artery. The central artery enters at the center of the optic papilla and supplies the inner layers of the retina. The outer layers, including rods and cones, are nourished by capillaries of the choroid layer. The veins lack muscular coats. They parallel the arteries; blood leaves by a central vein that leads to the superior ophthalmic vein.
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Retina. In: Venes D, ed. Taber's Medical Dictionary. 23rd ed. F.A. Davis Company; 2017. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/758986/0/retina. Accessed December 7, 2019.
Retina. (2017). In Venes, D. (Ed.), Taber's Medical Dictionary. Available from https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/758986/0/retina
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How many bodies humans have? One, you may say and it may sound unusual to ask someone such a silly question about the body. Though, frankly speaking, this question is not unusual but has substance. The sun, for example, is one but, rings full of heat around it are incalculable. Likewise we humans carry just one visible body but beneath that, we also have another, invisible body. Did you know that? Or rather, do you
Let us explain. Will you accept that sometimes, we feel plain happy or sad just because of the mere presence of a person? We know you'd agree to this. That also gives approval to a belief that every human body has an aura around it. So, the question arises next is: What benefit this invisible body has? What difference does it make if we know it, or don't know it well?
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That's the point. Doesn't aroma of food reach us when under preparation? Our invisible body acts something like this. We realize its strength, weakness, goodness and badness when they become evident. But these features or peculiarities start flowing out of us through this invisible body, or aura, long before that. We can prepare ourselves better to fight back with physical issues if we know what's coming before it happens. Kirlian photography or an image by bio-well camera helps to uncover the hidden and gives us an opportunity to be healthy and to look after our health better.
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Each moment our aura changes depending upon our emotions. Positive thoughts and good habits keep our chakras spinning properly maintaining good health of our physical body. Diseases entering our physical body enter six to eight months in advance in our auric body. By aura photography we can know our future diseases.
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Coordinator, Design & Brand
Coordinator, Design & Brand
The Corporate Communications team are looking for an Associate, Brand Communications, to join their busy, fast-moving team. Communication is the at the heart of what we do here at Penguin Random House; the team has a uniquely central position in the organization, producing content, managing our intranet, driving our community work, promoting our culture and values, managing social impact partnerships, and much more.
This role is a great opportunity for a communications professional who has experienced digital design skills, is a strong writer, and has a passion for engaging with and further developing our well-loved brand.
The responsibilities for this role will include:
Art & Design:
- Lead the design and art direction for Corporate Communications visual deliverables while ensuring brand integrity
- Create Intranet assets such as banners and thumbnails. Including creating templates for recurring Intranet features
- Create visuals for events and announcements including flyers, posters, invitations, etc.
- Design and coordinate placement of social responsibility campaign visuals
- Images for social media
- Flyers, handouts, posters
- Online banner ads
- PRH email ad spots
- Lead video projects such as year-end videos and news compilation videos
- Organize and gather video assets
- Manage freelance videographers to script and edit videos
- Design advertisements for industry event journals and other materials
General Corp Comms Support:
- Create corporate and C-suite executives' PowerPoint presentations and adhere to both brand guidelines and specific criteria from team members
- Assist other team members with presentation layout and cleanup
- Strategically present information with graphs, icons, charts and more
- Provide support for Intranet WordPress posts and articles
- Assist with the design and other elements of global communications projects and initiatives such as global newsletters
Brand Development:
- Advance and support Penguin Random House's culture and social responsibility / social impact programs and partnerships
- Translate business objectives into ideas that are clear, compelling, visually exciting, engaging, and in-keeping with brand expression and standards
- Collaborate in new campaign ideation and brainstorming, including creative direction
- Contribute to the development and execution of global brand assets, including digital, video, and print
- Advise other departments on the correct use of our brand guidelines
Social Media:
- Serve as liaison between Corporate Communications and the PRH social media team
- Create visual assets for PRH social team to use on their platforms and handles
- General content creation and management for the @PRH_News twitter handle
- Manage the PRH LinkedIn page and post articles and updates regularly
- Create and send daily social media recaps
- 3 years' experience in a relevant field, ideally within media/fashion
- Strong graphic design, photo-editing, video-editing skills
- Proficiency using WordPress (or other CMS), Adobe Creative, and Photoshop is highly advantageous.
- Excellent organizational skills and the ability to prioritize in a high volume environment
- Strong PowerPoint skills.
- Ability to pay close attention to detail
- Strong communication skills, both verbal & written
- Strong interpersonal skills, & ability to multi-task successfully
- Ability to work independently and meet deadlines
Penguin Random House is the leading adult and children's publishing house in North America, the United Kingdom and many other regions around the world. In publishing the best books in every genre and subject for all ages, we are committed to quality, excellence in execution, and innovation throughout the entire publishing process: editorial, design, marketing, publicity, sales, production, and distribution. Our vibrant and diverse international community of nearly 250 publishing brands and imprints include Ballantine Bantam Dell, Berkley, Clarkson Potter, Crown, DK, Doubleday, Dutton, Grosset & Dunlap, Little Golden Books, Knopf, Modern Library, Pantheon, Penguin Books, Penguin Press, Penguin Random House Audio, Penguin Young Readers, Portfolio, Puffin, Putnam, Random House, Random House Children's Books, Riverhead, Ten Speed Press, Viking, and Vintage, among others. More information can be found at http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/.
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Country: United States of America
State/Region: New York
City: New York
Postal Code: 10019
Job ID: 34398
Nearest Major Market: Manhattan
Nearest Secondary Market: New York City
Job Segment: Brand Manager, Branding, Graphic Design, Social Media, Media Publishing, Marketing, Creative, Publishing


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Sagairt Deoisis Fearna a thóg an léacht seo.
I ndíl cuimhne an
tAthar Pádraig Breathnach,
A fuair bás n 21ú lá Meitheamh 1927,
In aois dá bhliadhain is dachad.
Fr. Walsh left a moving account of the events of that fateful day in March 1923, in the form of a letter to Larry, (I have been unable to trace the identity of this person) which records the last hours of those brave young men as they went to face the firing squad .
My dear Larry,
I have kept you waiting for particulars of the three boys (MEM my hand is 'perishing' so ...!)
It was 10.30 p.m. when some day in March '23 when, about to retire for the night ('fortified' by some drug or another, and feeling anything but well,) soldiers brought me the message. I first had to go to Caro to ask the C.C. to take my place next day as celebrant of a Requiem Mass for somebody in Taghmon. After trouble with lights of my motor I started thither & thence to Wexford. A cheery welcome awaited me from the three - it was about 12 midnight. They had written their last letters and their demeanour was boyish and gladsome, with something of the exaltation of those who have received some great spiritual uplifting. Fr. Wickham (a tower of strength to us in every sense) and I gave them then every help we could, until between 2 & 3 a.m. we decided they should rest and sleep. We crossed the town to the Manse (my motor-coat weighing something like forty or five tons: (consumption had already, as I NOW know, got a definite hold of me though I wrangled on for 6 months lest in the circumstances of my case I might seem to be begging for quarter): I sat in a chair in Fr. Wickham's (a curate in Wexford at the time) sitting-room, (the spare bedroom was taken up by nuns attending the ill Adm.) (This was probably the Rev. James Codd, ADM in Wexford) until 5 a.m. when Fr. W. arose and we crossed the town again. At 6 a.m. one of the boys, Crane aged 18 - 19, had to be aroused from the sleep of an infant: Fr. W. was wonderful: he knelt upright for what seemed ages on bare flags reciting litanies rosaries etc. etc. I sat on the plank bed listening, my head between my hands, and marvelling at the tone in which the responses were uttered: joy, hopefulness, abounding love and thankfulness: something like the tone of the responses of a first-Communion class answering prayers recited for them after Mass by their Priest.
I went downstairs about 7 a.m. to rest awhile before the end: I sat in a large hall at a sort of desk, my head resting in my hands thereon. I was aroused by a noise of people tramping: it was soldiers passing, carrying three coffins.
I went up again then. It was a lovely morning. Earlier, one of the boys, Parle, had remarked to me in a pleased happy voice, 'do you hear the birds, Father?' We chatted, all together about 7.30 for a few minutes (they had received Holy Communion and all, of course, now.) Parle sat beside me and asked me to break the news to his parents: Creane made the same request: both were from Taghmon; the other was Wexford, and grand poor fellow whose only regret was the loss he be to his father in his work or business. Parle also asked me to advise Bob Lambert (the one time Sinn Fein T.D. and O/C of the famous Kyle Flying Column, he was an important leader of the Republicans in South Wexford.) and his boys to do nothing rash (in the way of reprisal etc.) to give them all his love, and say he died perfectly satisfied and happy.
We were awaiting the officer now, all five standing together when Parle asked me with a smile 'what time is it now, Father'. I said 'It it is twenty minutes to light now Jim', as calmly and cheerfully as I was able. 'Well, Father' he continued, 'I never felt as happy in all my life', quite truly I am certain, but quite as evidently for the purpose of, himself, helping me - just think of it -not to be sad.
The officer came; the boys made him a cheery good morning. We descended to the ground floor; two poor tired Soldiers, who had stood on guard, above, most of the night and with whom I had chatted awhile stood beside with rifles, tears in their eyes: the boys were taken into separate open cells to have their eyes bandaged: they seemed to offer their heads for the process in an eager sort of way. A little procession was formed: Fr. Wm. recited the prayers, I walked between the two Taghmon boys holding an arm of each: they answered just as they had answered the other prayers. We had a fairly long walk. Eventually we came to the side of a huge grave beside which were the 3 coffins; the wall behind was well sand-bagged 12: (or 15?) young soldiers with rifles were on one knee opposite the sandbags: We turned when near the wall & beside the grave, we turned the three blindfolded around to face the soldiers, the Wexford boy in the middle. No sound could be heard for eternity of a couple of minutes while the officer made some arrangement. I stood out at an angle to the left of the boys and in line with the soldiers: Fr. Wm. and doctor O'Connor Westgate stood similarly on their right: the boys faces wore an expression of listening to some sound in the distance: the officer made two motions with a handkerchief to the soldiers, these made two corresponding movements, and as he quickly, by a third movement, lowered the handkerchief, I was utterly stunned by the report of the rifles, and although I saw Fr. Wm. actually anointing the Wexford boy (who had dropped like a stone, having apparently got most of the bullets, being in the centre) I stood rooted to the spot where I stood for several seconds. I then realised the situation, the other two poor fellows were dying slowly: I went forward and anointed Parle while F. Wm. anointed Creane. A diminutive young officer then came forward and slowly drawing a revolver from his pocket or somewhere, calmly fired twice into the ear of Parle, then turned and looked at Creane, stepped slowly across, did exactly the same for him, and all was over. I drove home and took 'breakfast': I then went over to the office. As the soldiers and lorries had accompanied me to Caro at my request (as I did not (know) where the Jail was and feared being fired on) the then C.C. to whom I did not reveal the situation, had evidently...
I then drove to each of the two houses, Parle's and Creane's and did what I could in the hardest task of all.
I had dinner at four and went to bed.
I hope you are all well in all the houses: I am getting on grand T.G. and have very good hopes of progressing well with God's help through all the kind prayers of so many kind friends. I am done with this book and for a few days past its bright outer cover has kept hurling at me a reproachful 'and perhaps Larry has not read me'. You'll be able to say, sometime how you liked it.
Tell Mary I may yet live to work a pyatey cake as a matter of course.
Bill Parle of Clover Valley, brother of Jim, records that Fr.
Walsh offered to exchange his clothes with Jim to allow
him to escape. Jim Parle refused the offer.
Rev. Michael Murphy had been curate in Taghmon from 1916 to August 1922 when he was transferred to Tinahely. He was obviously quite friendly with the Creane family, as he wrote a letter of sympathy, from Tinahely, to Mrs. Creane on March 15 1923.
Co. Wicklow,
Mar. 15th 1923
Dear Mrs. Creane
I thought Jack was only a chap but I find he was a man - a great man - a hero..one of those great ones who will live forever in Irish History. And hence you don't need sympathy but deserve congratulations. I need say no more at present.
I will offer Mass for the three heroes tomorrow morning although I am convinced they don't need it.
In future I will pray to, not for such martyrs.
Kindest regards to Watty and all.
Michael Murphy C.C.


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A strong, detailed chronicle of the life, in and out of hospital, of a young woman with paranoid schizophrenia. Should make clear to students, house-officers, and physicians that a patient is more than a "case."
Is There No Place on Earth for Me?. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:692. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-5-692_3
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Published: Ann Intern Med. 1982;96(5):692.
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When surprise health problems pop up, it's important to have access to experienced professionals who understand your situation and have the knowledge to help you become healthier. The feminine issues that women deal with regularly can be affected in particular when they are feeling stressed or overwhelmed. Women who are facing serious differences in their hormonal levels or whose bodies are not on track schedule-wise might be looking for a Urogyn in Houston so they can make a consultation appointment.
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Nganampa Anwernekenhe Series
1987 - Present
Mixed type series
192 episodes x 30 minutes
Nganampa Anwernekenhe means 'ours' in the Pitjantjatjara and Arrernte languages. Over 190 episodes of this series have been produced over the past two decades.
The primary aim of Nganampa Anwernekenhe is the maintenance of Aboriginal languages and culture. Nganampa Anwernekenhe is broadcast in Aboriginal languages, and is the only Aboriginal language program produced by and broadcast to Aboriginal people. The series showcases the diversity of life in Central Australia, and is subtitled so it is accessible to people who do not speak the Indigenous languages used in each program.
Nganampa Anwernekenhe celebrated its 20th birthday in 2007, and with between four and six 25-minute or longer films produced each year, we believe it is the longest running series of its kind in the world.
The Series is produced in partnership with Imparja Television, and CAAMA Productions thank and commend Imparja Television for their vision in continuing to support this important series.
The Nganampa Anwernekenhe Series has also been a solid training ground for indigenous film makers in Central Australia. Filmmakers that have come from the CAAMA stable are Erica Glynn, Warwick Thornton, Beck Cole, Allan Collins, Mitch Torres, Danielle McLean, Rachel Perkins, and Priscilla Collins and David Tranter, to name a few. Each of these respected filmmakers has a long list of credits on Nganampa Anwernekenhe titles.
The Nganampa Anwernekenhe series symbolises the CAAMA ethos – to strike a harmonious balance between culture, language and media production. The result is an emergent technique that allows the subject's voice to shape the narrative.
If you are an Indigenous filmmaker with an idea which might suit inclusion in the Nganampa Anwernekenhe Series we would love to hear from you.
Check out our catalogue for a summary of recent titles in this series.


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HCM CITY (VNS) – A foreigner was killed instantly when he ran off the road and hit a wall in HCM City downtown yesterday. Another person is reported to have been seriously injured in the accident.
The crash occurred at about 5:45 a.m. at the junction of Dien Bien Phu and Dinh Tien Hoang roads in District 1.
The name and nationality of the foreigner have not yet been released.
In another incident, two people were killed and one injured yesterday afternoon when a motorbike carrying three people and a truck collided in Duc Lam Commune in Ha Tinh Province.
The truck driver disappeared after the accident. Investigations are ongoing. — VNS
Strong partnership to prevent non-communicable diseases threats at an early stage


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rsvp gallery
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VIDEO: Forex Trading Tip in 60 Seconds: Trading Pattern Revealed - Post Mortem
5 Years ago | October 08, 2015 00:00:00
The forex market is often correlated with equities and a key driver of price action. The question is which market is leading and that may depend on which one you trade although we find that equities are often a drives currency price action. The oither question is how to trade correlations and I address this in my forex trading tip in 60 seconds video.


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I love Blim, oh yes I do
I love the market. I signed up not realizing I was so close to my due date and I didn't know it was on fathers day until too late.
We went out for fathers day breakfast, the weather was cold and grey, and I was second guessing if I would even make it out for the day. I took the chance and set up, my big guy joined along with me. He really is my treasure. I can't say how nice it was to have him along.
He was completely adorable, and made a note that said "Mom's buy shop", and then he listed everything we were selling on the table. He asked me the price range of everything so he could list that too, basically he made an inventory for us. Future entrepreneur?
That guy is one amazing little thing. He had the ladies around me charmed. He also wanted to be the official photographer.
Sales were good, the sun came out, and I got a large order for 12 crowns for a party.
I will be back at the maret but not until the fall.
3 comments - join the party!
AWESOME! i'm glad to hear that everything went well 🙂 cute 'staches
Brilliant news about the bulk order! Looks like a fab time was had by all and your DS caught a pic of the most yummy top – love the colours in it! Is that you?
great job super mom!


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Winter weather advisory issued for Michigan counties
Ice storm warning issued for Lenawee and Monroe counties
MICHIGAN – The National Weather Service has issued a winter weather advisory for Genesee, Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Oakland, St. Clair, Washtenaw and Wayne counties until 3 p.m. Wednesday.
An ice storm warning has also been issued for Lenawee and Monroe counties and will last until 1 a.m. Tuesday.
A winter storm warning was issued for Sanilac County that will last from 3 a.m. Tuesday until noon Wednesday.
Check back with Local 4 for the latest updates in weather.
Copyright 2019 by WDIV ClickOnDetroit - All rights reserved.


text: Recent Posts in Criminal Conviction Category Defending Against Violent Crimes Charges Posted By Law Office of Peacock & Le Beau || 23-Jun-2017 A conviction for a violent crime can carry long prison sentences or even a life sentence in a third strike case. In addition to prison time, the consequences can also include steep fines and other long-term effects like difficulty finding employment and housing. Someone facing charges for a violent crime needs an experienced and skilled defense attorney to minimize any consequences and assure the ... Continue Reading Convictions That are Eligible for an Appeal Posted By Law Office of Peacock & Le Beau || 1-Jul-2015 The gavel hits the platform with a thud that rings of finality and you shudder, thinking about the penalties that await you based on your criminal conviction. If you feel that your recent conviction signifies the end of the road, it may be time to reconsider. Those convicted of both felonies and misdemeanors in California have the right to an appeal process. Like many aspects of the criminal ... Continue Reading


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Quick Response or QR comes from Japan where they have been used to instantly be read by a cell phone.
Quick Response (QR) Codes
Quick Response or QR comes from Japan where they
have been used
to instantly be read by a cell phone. It is similar to a UPC symbol or
barcode which can then generate the code instantly to be scanned
anywhere. For example, if you received a QR code from Dunkin Donuts, you
would then be able to go up to the cashier and the cashier would scan
your generated code to get the rewards. The rewards may be a free cup of
coffee or 10% off one pound of coffee. The consumer wins by having the
QR code directly on their smartphone and the retailer wins getting sales
increasing their profits.
QR codes can be generated from a variety of online sites such as Kaywa.com or Google's QR code generator and many others. Marketing using QR codes can be done via smart phones or many media devices and even business cards which can directly take the recipient to a website to see what they are offering. A business large or small can utilize QR codes in a variety of different ways. Adding them to flyers, posters and any advertisements containing contact details, offer details, product details, event details, coupons and even link you to social Medias such as Facebook and Twitter and link you to a YouTube video. The possibilities are endless in using QR codes which is increasingly becoming more and more popular.
A QR code looks like a black box with white and black inside in a design. Newer models of Blackberry phones, Androids, iPhones, iPads and other smartphone and tablet owners can download one of the apps which are free. Then the user would open the app to hold the device to be scanned. It is similar to a price check on a scanner in a store when you hold up the item to scan the upc symbol. This creative and high tech QR code has amazing possibilities in the new age of innovative technology. These interactive bar codes are now featured in magazines, flyers, posters and everywhere. Mobile bar codes are linked to advertising content in SMS messaging and the user only has to swipe the code with their mobile device.
QR codes have the ability to store address and URL's which is now appearing everywhere. Using the correct reader app with a camera phone can scan the image to display the text, connect to a wireless network or go to the internet. The application that then scans the QR code retrieves the information using GPS and the geographical location of the user. This new technology is sweeping the nation rapidly and the codes are now being seen everywhere making life easier.


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When you think of cleaning the kitchen, the first nightmare that you face is cleaning the oven. This is probably the stickiest and dirtiest object in the entire kitchen. You will be able to get it cleaned if you follow a few simple steps in a systematic manner. There is no big deal in getting the oven cleaned, only if you know the proper way to do so. Here are some steps which will assist you to clean up the oven with utmost ease and in the shortest time.This is a completely natural process which cleans off the dust and keeps the oven tidy. No harsh chemicals used in the process and you will be able to clean it easily.if you need to book house cleaning then check our house cleaning Melbourne price and you can get 10% discount on your house cleaning and oven cleaning service in Melbourne.
Things to keep in mind while Cleaning oven and House Cleaning in Melbourne
- You need to remove the racks from the oven and keep them aside. All the parts like oven thermometer and other objects need to be removed at first.
- Take half a cup of water and put three tablespoons of baking soda in it. This will make a good paste, and you need to adjust the ratio properly until you are satisfied.
- After making the paste, you need to coat the oven with the paste. Make sure that you are wearing a pair of gloves, as the sticky material of the oven may get your nails. This coating has to remain in the oven for at least 12 hours so that the dust particles and the sticky materials become loose and come off easily. It is wise to leave it in this condition overnight.
- Meanwhile, one can clean off the oven racks by scrubbing them with a sponge or a piece of cloth. You may use some light cleaning compounds in this method.
- Again when you come to the oven the next morning, you will find half of the job done. The coating will soften the sticky material, and it will easily come off. Yu have to wipe off the paste using a spatula or an object which has an edge. This will ensure that the oven is free from the layer of dirt which had settled on it over the years. A spatula will help you to reach the areas which are difficult to reach with the fingers.
- Having done so, you need to apply a little vinegar on the oven. This will react with the baking soda, and create foam, and ensure that the last minute polish is done with absolute efficiency. The foam is produced by the reaction of vinegar with the remaining residue of baking soda in the oven.
- Now, the main part of the job being done, you just need to take a damp cloth and wipe off this foam. This will not only clean the oven but also ensure that it has a shine. You can replace the racks which have already been cleaned and dried.
This can be done once a week or twice a month in order to keep the oven and house clean. The more delay is made between the cleaning process, the harder it will be to remove the dirt. After all, the process is easy and simple.


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Battle of Wigan Lane
|Battle of Wigan Lane
|Part of Third English Civil War
|Commanders and leaders
|Colonel Robert Lilburne
Earl of Derby
Lord Witherington †
Sir William Throgmorton †
Sir Thomas Tyldesley †
Colonel Boynton †
(Colonel Robert Lilburne Regiment of Horse)[1]
30 horse
(from Liverpool as well as volunteers with shotguns mounted as Dragoons)
(2 companies of Cheshire Trained Band of Foot)
(1 company of foot from Manchester)
(one company of John Birch's Regiment of Foot)
(Cromwell's 2 Regiments of Foot and detached company of horse)
(Earl of Derby's Regiment of Foot)
(Earl of Derby's Regiment of Horse)[3]
|Casualties and losses
1 killed
10 wounded
(claim by Lilburne)
700 killed
(Royalist claim) [2]
64 killed
400 captured[4]
The Battle of Wigan Lane was fought on 25 August 1651 during the Third English Civil War, between Royalists under the command of the Earl of Derby and elements of the New Model Army under the command of Colonel Robert Lilburne. The Royalists were defeated, losing nearly half their officers and men.
King Charles II accepted the Scottish throne which led to an invasion of Scotland by the New Model Army under the command of Oliver Cromwell. Although Cromwell defeated a Scottish army at the Battle of Dunbar, Cromwell could not prevent Charles II from marching from Scotland deep into England at the head of another Royalist army. The Royalists marched to the west of England where Royalist sympathies were strongest arriving at Worcester on 22 August 1651. He planned to rest his predominantly Scottish army there and await English reinforcements before pressing on to London. One Royalist contingent from the Isle of Man and Lancashire under the command of Earl of Derby, was heading towards Worcester, and it was the duty of Colonel Robert Lilburne to stop them.
On the day Charles II arrived in Worcester, Lilburne with a company of foot from Manchester, two more from Chester, and fifty or sixty dragoons marched to Wigan, where the enemy was gathering, hoping to surprise them but found they had moved off to Chorley. The next day, on hearing the Royalists were at Preston, Lilburne set off in pursuit. He bivouacked within two miles of the town and sent out patrols to harass the enemy. The next afternoon they retaliated. "A party of the enemy's horse fell smartly amongst us, where our horse was grazing, and for some space put us pretty hard to it: but at the last it pleased the Lord to strengthen us, that we put them to the flight, and pursued them to Ribble bridge (this was something like our business at Mussleburg) and killed and took about thirty prisoners."[5]
Lilburne heard Cromwell's regiment of foot was approaching Manchester. Cromwell had detached the regiment with a troop of horse from Rutherford Abbey in Nottinghamshire on the 20th or 21st. Lilburne halted by the Ribble, thinking the foot would join him but though it had marched very rapidly as far as Manchester, it was now obliged to advance with caution as Royalists were reported to have 500 men in Manchester and some of Derby's levies lying between them and Lilburne.[4]
On the 25th, Lilburne received intelligence that the Earl of Derby was marching towards Wigan and assuming his force was retreating gave chase. However, it was Derby's intention to fall on Cromwell's regiment of infantry before Lilburne's cavalry could join it. When Lilburne reached Wigan he found the enemy in considerable force, both infantry and cavalry, marching out of the town towards Manchester. Having arrived ahead of his own infantry and the terrain surrounding the town consisting of fields and hedges with narrow country lanes unfavourable for cavalry, Lilburne determined to avoid a fight. He instead intended to await infantry reinforcements before flanking the Royalists in Wigan, sending his cavalry around the town to the south while his infantry advanced into the town from the north encircling and preventing Derbys retreat from the town.[4]
Derby, aware of Lilburne's inferiority in strength wheeled about and marched back through the town to defeat the Parliamentary forces piecemeal before they could combine. In spite of the unfavourable nature of the ground Lilburne decided to make a stand. Lilburne deployed his cavalry on Wigan Lane, and lined the hedgerows either side of the road with infantry creating a choke point. As the Royalists approached they were met with a volley of musketry.[2] A fierce fight ensued in the same lanes through which Cromwell had chased the Scots in 1648.[4] Derby divided his cavalry into two equal divisions of 300 men. Derby took command of the vanguard and gave the rear guard command to Sir Thomas Tyldesley. Three times during the day Derby led cavalry charges against the centre of Lilburne's line breaching but failing to break it. By the third charge, the ranks of the Royalists were severely depleted and they were overwhelmed by the superior numbers of Lilburne's arriving infantry,[2] after an hour's fighting the remaining Royalists fled the field.[4]
Lord William Witherington, Sir William Throckmorton, Sir Thomas Tyldesley, Colonel Matthew Boynton and 60 others were killed or died of their wounds and 400 prisoners were taken. Cromwell's regiment, which had advanced to join Lilburne picked up many stragglers. Derby escaped badly wounded, and joined Charles at Worcester with only 30 horsemen.[6][nb 1]
The Earl of Derby, the Lord of Mann, enlisted ten men from each parish on the Isle of Man, a total of 170 men. David Craine, in Manannan's Isle states "those who did not fall in the fighting [were] hunted to their death through the countryside."[7]
The defeat was a blow to the king as this was the only English Royalist force of any size to attempt to ride to his standard in Worcester. Without large numbers of English Royalists to support him, his position was untenable and nine days later his predominantly Scottish army of about 15,000 men was decisively beaten at the Battle of Worcester by a Parliamentary army nearly twice the size under the command of Cromwell. This victory brought to an end Third English Civil War and ushered in nine years of republican rule. Charles escaped to France and lived in exile until his return at the Restoration in 1660.
- ^ Draper, quoting a Robert Lilburne's letter to the Speaker of the House of Commons:
A List of the Prisoners taken at Wigan, August 25th, 1651.—Col. Throgmorton, Col Rich. Leg, Col John Robbinson, Col Baynes, Col Ratcliffe Garret, Adjutant General, Lieut.-Col Francis Baynes, Lieut.-Col Galliard, Lieut.-Col Constable, Major Oower, Four Captains, 2 Lieutenants, One Quarter-master, Twenty Gentlemen and Reformadoes, 400 Private Prisoners.—All their Baggage and Sumptures, Armes and Ammunition, the L. Derbies three cloakes with stars, his George, Garter, and other Robes.—Slaine and dead since they were taken :—The L. Witherington, Major-Gen. Sir Thos. Tilsley, Col. Math. Boynton, Major Chester, Major Trollop, and divers others of quality, whose names are not yet brought in, besides 60 private men.
Draper noted that Sir Robert Throgmorton, knight-marshal, was left for dead on the field of battle, but was taken up by a poor woman, and placed under the care of Sir Robert Bradshaw where he recovered.
- ^ The Regimental History of Cromwell's Army by Sir Charles Firth and Godfrey Davies, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1940
- ^ a b c d e Draper, Chapter: Defeat of Charles and Capture of James, Earl of Derby
- ^ Memoirs of James Stanley pg. 180 from, A description of the memorable sieges and battles in the north of England By Thomas Fairfax (3rd baron.), James Stanley (7th earl of Derby.)
- ^ a b c d e Stanford Baldock,p. 501
- ^ Stanford Baldock, p. 500 citing "Lilburne to Cromwell, Cary, vol. ii. p. 338."
- ^ Stanford Baldock, p. 501 cites "Lilburne's Letters to Cromwell and the Speaker, Cary,. vol. ii. pp. 338–344 ; Hodgson's " Memoirs," p. 153."
- ^ Craine 1995
- Craine, D. (1995), Manannan's Isle, The Manx Museum and National Trust, ISBN 978-0-901106-10-0
- Draper, Peter (1864), "Defeat of Charles and Capture of James, Earl of Derby", The house of Stanley; including the soeges of Lathom House with notices of relative and co-temporary incidents, T. Hutton
- Stanford Baldock, Thomas (1809), Cromwell as a Soldier, K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.
Further reading[edit]
- Beamont, William (1864 editor). Remains, Historical and Literary: Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chest Volume 62. Published by Chetham Society.pp. 70–78. Publication of a history written just after the Civil War called Discourse of the Lancashire Warr by Anon, although the Chetham Society surmised it was written by Major Edward Robinson (see preface xxiv-xxx) and it is written from the perspective of an ardent Parliamentarian.
- Morris, Adrian. Report of Wigan Lane by Robert Lilburne, Wigan Archaeological Society. Cites "A History of Wigan" vol II by David Sinclair 1883, Reprinted as "The Battle of Wigan Lane" by Smiths Books 1987
- Slingsby, Henry; Hodgson, John (1806) Original memoirs written during the great Civil war, the life of sir H. Slingsby [written by himself] and memoirs of capt. Hodgson, with notes [by sir W. Scott. Followed by] Relations of the campaigns of Oliver Cromwell in Scotland, 1650, Arch. Constable and Co. Edinburgh, and John Murray, 32 Fleet-Street, London. p. 152,153. Account by an Officer in Cromwell's own regiment.
- Wyke, Terry (2004). Public Sculpture of Greater Manchester, Liverpool University Press, ISBN 0-85323-567-8 Page 425 "Wigan Lane Tyldesley Monument"
- Sir Thomas Tyldesley 1612-1651, Tyldesley Family History
- Sir Thomas Tyldesley's Regiment of Foote, Being part of The King's Army The English Civil War Society.