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Every owner of an online business who cares about fast growth of his business, knows that using analytics tools is nowadays a must-have, especially if you want to leave your competitors far, far behind.
Large companies build divisions and hire people dedicated solely to analysis. What should you do when you can't yet afford hiring analysts but are aware of the value that analytics tools bring? First of all, you should ask yourself the following questions:
- What do you need the data for?
- How exactly should this data contribute to the decision making process
- Which data monitoring and gathering approach will be the most convenient to your business?
To make your lives easier, I've prepared a two in one guide. It includes a short overview of methods and a subjective overview of tools available on the market that every business owner should know. What's the benefit of knowing about those tools? How should data coming from different sources be analyzed? Let's focus on a few fundamental parameters worth knowing if you want to further develop your business.
When you need to…
- Obtain information on how many people visit your website,
- Learn more detailed demographic data about your users (age, sex, location),
- Check how many people left your site without interaction (bounce rate),
- Check sales conversion,
- See the traffic heat map of your website…
…you need to use a tool for quantitative data.
Examples of tools: Google Analytics, Heap Analytics.
Google Analytics is a powerful and complex tool which provides excellent opportunities when properly set up. In such a way, if you want to make more advanced analyses, consider double checking the proper configuration of the tool. Otherwise, you might realize you've been gathering inessential data. Interpretation of the collected data is a totally separate matter though – if you want quantitative data to reflect reality, it has to relate to a large number of users. The data will not show you individual cases or isolated behaviors, but rather average results.
Google Analytics will not show you heat maps. But Heap or the below mentioned qualitative analytics tools will.
Oftentimes, heat maps are treated as a ready-made analysis report, when in fact, they're just one of many visualization tools. For example, thanks to the heat maps you don't have to analyze each visit separately; instead, you can observe general behavior patterns. However, you should bear in mind the fact that heat maps can be analyzed in various contexts. In the era of responsive websites, you need to consider what you analyze and in what context. Thus, when you choose a tool, you should make sure that it is equipped with a system that tracks changes in the website DOM, or allows to filter through time range to generate the heat maps. It will allow you to interpret your website's results before and after changes.
Certainly, quantitative analysis tools have much larger capabilities. However, you need to start somewhere, right? It's well worth noting that people and their behaviors are not raw numbers. For complete understanding of user behavior it's always beneficiary to have a broader perspective and be aware of the objective and context of the research.
On the other hand, when you need to…
- Deepen and broaden your knowledge on quantitative data,
- Broaden the context of user visits on your website,
- Understand why somebody has left your site, why he hasn't made a purchase, or got in touch,
- Learn about the behavior of individual visitors…
…you need to use a tool for qualitative data.
Examples of tools: cux.io, Hotjar.
You can keep trying to boost conversion on your website by creating potential solutions to users' problems. But, wouldn't it be more efficient to have a closer look into user behavior and learn where and why they give up the purchase?
For example, if users have difficulties with a web form, you can change it around as much as you want. By observing what users exactly do, however, you are able to diagnose what specific fixes this particular form needs, what fields should be excluded, etc. When users have difficulties navigating your website or get lost right before making a purchase, you can, obviously, change the order of tabs or remove content you dislike, but wouldn't it be more profitable to check where exactly they get lost?
Broadening research context will allow you not only to see how many visits you noted recently but also how many people are on your website at a given moment, or what exactly they are doing. For instance, when it comes to time spent on a website, while Analytics's data will only show you that the website had been opened for X period of time, with cux.io you are able to see how much time a user spends on a particular sub-site, or how long it was active for.
Monitoring each visit will allow you to better understand the behavior patterns of your users, detect anomalies in their behavior, and diagnose problematic areas.
By combining qualitative and quantitative data, you can observe and understand various scenarios that users enact when using a digital product. Deep observations of particular user visits will allow you to not only better understand them, but also find tailor-made solutions more effectively. This will result in larger sales of your product or service.
The third method that will allow you to know your users better and, in this way, understand their purchase decisions is to ask them about their opinions. You can do it by asking open questions (when collecting qualitative data) or closed ones (quantitative data).
Therefore, if you want to:
- Know your users' opinions about your product,
- Get feedback about the product,
- Inform your users that you respect their opinion…
…use a tool that will facilitate conducting questionnaires or colleting feedback from users.
Examples of tools: Mixpanel, Survicate.
It's important to remember that this method will not provide easily interpretable data about user behavior. According to a PWC report, 56% of organizations do not go past analyzing the feedback, resigning from applying the gained insights. Most probably, the reason is that companies need time and experience to draw insightful information and recommendations.
Is it, then, worth relying on user opinion if you don't use it later on?
In my opinion, it is. But it's also worth remembering that users' declarations are oftentimes largely exaggerated. My experience has showed me that if you ask users what they think about the changes introduced on, for example, a website, you can experience three possible scenarios:
- They refuse to take part in the research. If they don't feel extreme emotions (fondness, or aversion towards the organization) they might not want to get engaged.
- They want introduce completely new solutions. Users, asked about their opinion, might start feeling like experts and will be coming up with new features and functionalities.
- They reject everything we've created. By nature, people don't like changes — if they get used to something, they want it to stay this way.
The undeniable benefit of conducting declaration based research is the fact that users are able to give feedback. Not only will you gain an interesting collection of ideas, but also positively influence the image of your brand. You will also give users the sense that you respect their opinion and want to strengthen your relationship with them – something that is very important from user experience point of view.
An interesting research hybrid is the ability to tag user's visits on your website. In practice, you take an analytics tool and generate code which you can, then, send to an individual user or group of users. Thanks to this, you can observe a visit of a particular user, know their demographic data, and thus, observe behavior in natural environment. For additional insights, you can ask specific questions via a communicator, give users tasks to complete, or receive feedback. At the end, you generate a heat map for a tagged group of users and in this way have a clear image of what your target audience get involved in during an interaction with your website or app.
Which method should you choose and which tools should you use? It's definitely worth testing each and every one of the abovementioned tools. However, you must consider several additional aspects, such as the features or constraints a tool has, opinion about a particular solution, or accessibility and professionalism of the tool's customer service. For many business owners analytics is still something new, but it's very beneficial to understand it sooner than later if you want to have insights into your online business. Therefore, apart from useful functionalities, you should account for the support from the vendor when choosing a tool to implement in our organization. If you don't feel like an expert in the field, it's important to have access to professionals who will support you regardless of the situation and will be able to answer your questions. And when you run out of time, maybe they'll hand you a ready-made report?
Originally published in polish here
Translation: Magdalena Sobieszuk


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Master Bond – Leading the Way in Adhesives, Sealants and Coatings
Master Bond is a leading adhesive manufacturer offering high quality adhesives, sealants, coatings and potting compounds. Master Bond's product line of epoxies, polyurethanes, silicones and polysulfides showcases a wide variety of performance properties to meet the demands of every application. These adhesives vary in:
Master Bond products are successfully implemented in medical, optical, aerospace, electronic and other high-tech industries. Specific adhesive systems can be designed to meet USP Class VI certification for medical use or NASA requirements for low outgassing, or FDA approval for food applications. Master Bond's structural adhesives offer design flexibility and provide excellent bonding performance with a vast array of 3,000 custom adhesive formulations.
Master Bond manufactures high quality products using the latest technological developments. The key advantages of Master Bond products are:
Master Bond offers a comprehensive line of adhesives, sealants and coatings to serve the special needs of a wide range of industries.
Master Bond medical epoxies meet USP Class VI specifications for the assembly of both disposable and reusable medical devices. Many of these biocompatible systems are sterilization and autoclaving resistant.
Many of Master Bond's aerospace epoxy systems are NASA low outgassing approved and meet the requirements of UL94V-0 testing for flame retardancy.
Master Bond's epoxy formulations are meticulously designed to sustain properties including electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and electrical insulation for the manufacturing of high-tech electronic devices.
Master Bond's specialty epoxy systems feature excellent light transmission and superior non-yellowing properties to meet the stringent specifications of optical applications.
For use in the oil and chemical processing industry, Master Bond has formulated epoxy compounds featuring excellent long term resistance to gasoline, kerosene, alcohols, and other fuels and lubricants.
Master Bond manufactures a wide range of high performance adhesives, sealants, and coatings used by original equipment manufacturers in various industries.
The Master Bond product line consists of epoxies, silicones, polyurethanes and UV cures. We can adjust viscosity, cure speed, hardness, thermal stability, chemical resistance, electrical properties, color, and more to meet your application's specifications. Our products are the most technologically advanced and are freshly prepared to maximize shelf life. Custom formulated compounds are available in small to large quantities.
Master Bond offers a wide array of packaging options to speed productivity, minimize waste and save energy including:
Our highly trained and experienced technical staff provide "one-on-one" assistance to help you find the optimum solution for your application. Master Bond technical representatives have years of experience and will work with you every step of the way throughout the design, prototype and manufacturing process. Contact our experts today to discuss your application.
Contact our experts today to discuss your application.
Adhesive Applications
Master Bond manufactures innovative, technologically advanced adhesives, sealants, coatings and potting/encapsulation compounds designed to meet specific application requirements.
Master Bond offers the widest selection of adhesive compounds for cutting edge bonding applications. The key advantages of using Master Bond products are:
Reliable bonding for a wide variety of substrates, including but not limited to:
Master Bond manufactures specialty coatings and sealants for use in advanced technology applications. These materials include:
Master Bond's high performance potting and encapsulation compounds have been formulated to meet the stringent demands of the electrical and electronic industries. Applications vary from relays, connectors and power supplies to surge suppressors and telecommunication equipment. The most noteworthy characteristics of these products are:
Epoxies are the most widely used polymeric materials for adhesives, sealants, coatings, potting/encapsulation compounds and impregnants. Desirable properties include high bond strength to a wide variety of different substrates, outstanding gap filling capabilities, excellent electrical insulation and high chemical inertness. Epoxies may be formulated as one part or two part.
EP62-1LPSP is a two component, high performance epoxy system featuring convenient handling along with excellent temperature and chemical resistance. Read more.
Supreme 12AOHT-LO is a one part, thermally conductive, electrically insulating, high performance epoxy for bonding and sealing that also meets NASA low outgassing specifications. Read more.
Sealants and Coatings
Master Bond manufactures specialty coatings and sealants for use in advanced technology applications. These materials include:
Potting and Encapsulation Compounds
Master Bond's high performance potting and encapsulation compounds have been formulated to meet the stringent demands of the electrical and electronic industries. Applications vary from relays, connectors and power supplies to surge suppressors and telecommunication equipment. The most noteworthy characteristics of these products are:
Silicones are elastomeric systems with the unique combination of flexibility and high temperature resistance. Noteworthy properties of silicones include excellent resistance to water and superb electrical insulation properties.
MasterSil 705S is a one component, non-corrosive silicone for bonding and sealing that may be used in electronic and electrical applications where low resistance combined with flexibility and high temperature resistance is desirable. Read more.
MasterSil 801 is a one part room temperature curing silicone elastomer system for high performance bonding and sealing featuring a non-corrosive cure. Read more.
Master Bond adhesives, sealants and coatings feature a wide variety of performance properties offering the ideal solution to meet challenging applications.
UV curable and LED curable systems are fast curing adhesives, sealants, coatings, potting and encapsulation compounds that speed productivity and efficiency. They offer excellent adhesion to glass, metals, ceramics, rubber and most plastics. These one part products require no mixing and eliminate waste. Formulations are solvent free and contain no volatiles. UV curable compounds typically cure in a matter of seconds when exposed to a suitable UV light source.
UV25 is a one component, moderate viscosity UV curable system that may be used for bonding, sealing, coating and encapsulation. It features excellent optical clarity, superb physical properties, moderate viscosity and most importantly, an ultra high glass transition temperature (Tg). Read more.
UV22, a one component, nanosilica filled UV curable epoxy system meets NASA low outgassing specifications. Read more.
LED401 is a one component LED curable system for high performance bonding, sealing, coating and encapsulation that is fast curing upon exposure to an appropriate LED light source with no UV light required. Read more.

subset: commoncrawl


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Starting in Lusaka, this 10 night safari combines the wildlife and remote camps of the South Luangwa with the magnificent Victoria Falls and the variety of the Lower Zambezi National Park. The vegetation in South Luangwa is thick and a lush riverine forest occurs, which is green all year round. The concentration of animals around the Luangwa River is among the most intense in Africa.
Transfer to the Lower Zambezi National Park. This park is characterised by a variety of islands, lagoons and floodplains playing host to an enormous amount of wildlife. End your adventure at Livingstone and exploring the magnificent Victoria Falls. Experience a variety of activities from white water rafting, micro light flights above the Falls, fishing, canoeing, walking and game-driving safaris along with the beauty and relaxation of being in the tranquil bush.
From US$7 850 in Low Season to US$9 650 in High Season per person sharing
As with all the tours on our website, this is just an example of the safaris we are able to arrange. We take pride in creating holidays and safaris from scratch, placing particular emphasis on matching the destinations and properties to your budget. Contact us now to start the process of arranging your dream holiday and safari.
Upon arrival at Lusaka Airport and will connect to your flight to Mfuwe. You will be met at Mfuwe and driven to camp where you will have time to settle in before brunch. You will spend 5 nights at the Chinzombo Camp and Mchenja Camp.
Mchenja Bush Camp is located under the trees on the banks of the Luangwa River in the South Luangwa National Park. Enjoy a host of activities including walking safaris, night game drives and boasts five elegant safari tents each with private viewing decks.
Chinzombo Camp is a permanent camp located on the banks of Luangwa River and activities include night drives, walking safaris and even visits to neighbouring cultural visits.
Your flight from Mfuwe is via Lusaka and will drop you at Royal Airstrip and then onto Chongwe River Camp, idyllically set on the confluence of the Chongwe and Zambezi Rivers. You will spend 3 nights at the Chongwe River Camp.
Chongwe River Camp is a small owner operated camp offering luxurious and spacious chalets. There are no fences in the area and wildlife roam freely. Enjoy game drives, walking safaris, boating and fishing safaris.
The flight from Royal airstrip transits Lusaka on its way to Livingstone, where you are met and driven to Tongabezi Camp. If you are staying at Sindabezi Island, you will be boated into camp.
Tongabezi Camp or Sindabezi Island have been described as some of the most romantic in Africa; you are raised above the river and whether in bed, in the bath or just lounging around the room your views of the Zambezi are breathtaking. Explore the Falls from the comfort of both these camps and enjoy a wealth of adventure activities like white water rafting, bungee jumping and even microlighting over the Falls.
After breakfast, you will be transferred back to Livingstone for your onward journey home
The Complete Kruger Safari allows guests to spend 3 nights at 2 different luxury safari lodges in the private reserves of the Kruger National Park, exposing guests to varying types of scenery and wildlife.
Enjoy a 7 night expedition to Zambia and explore the mighty Victoria Falls and the Lower Zambezi. Spice up your trip with white-water rafting and micro-lighting. You'll stay on the banks of the Zambezi, filled with hippo & crocs.
Spend 10 nights basking in the luxury of Zambia's top camps. Stay in the South Luangwa National Park on the banks of the river, then head to the mighty Victoria Falls and stay upstream. Ideal for a romantic getaway.
Explore the wildlife rich areas of the Zambezi region - the South Luangwa and the Lower Zambezi National Park. This 9 night itinerary is great for families on a budget. Guests will stay in a lodge situated on the Zambezi and in another lodge situated on the lagoon.
Our expertise in African travel comes from years of experience travelling the continent, canoeing the rivers, walking the bush trails, and seeing the stars. We've been on the game drives and watched the sunsets, spent nights wrapped up in remote areas, and eaten great food around the fire. Our recommendations come first-hand, and they are your assurance that a safari booked with us is one we know you'll love, because we did.
We know a safari can be pricey, but we guarantee that we're giving you the best deal on your travel. We don't want your trip to Africa to be a once in a lifetime experience, we want you to do it again, and again! Through nurtured relationships with our suppliers, we can offer you the best deal they've got, and you'll never pay more than you should for your accommodation. If you find the same holiday for less, we'll confidently better the price.
Just like the spots on a leopard's back, each of our tailor-made itineraries is unique. Every journey has a personality, carefully designed to match the desires and expectations our clients bring to the table. Every element is taken into consideration to stitch together a personalised safari experience, grown from seed and cultivated to embody the perfect adventure. Our tailored itineraries are your safari dreams, defined.


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All Ages
GLx is back in its 4th SEASON in the Mission Theater! Catch our fully Hispanic, English speaking cast perform new, live sketch comedy EVERY WEEK! You'll also have a chance to preview new video sketches from our fully Hispanic digital team! Rotating iO Harold teams (with at least one Hispanic member) will open the show. ALL-AGES! ALL INCLUSIVE COMEDY!
For more info or to submit to be a part of the show, please contact: email@example.com
Director/Executive Producer: Mishell Livio
Cast: Alexis Alvarado, Carlos Rivera, Celeste Villanueva, Emilie Sepúlveda, Heather Meza, Jason Hodge, Nelson Rosa, and Tawny Safieddine
Event has ended.


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Sell A House By Owner Brief, NC
Selling Home Fast in BriefNorth Carolina
This is additionally a prime-time show to determine whether you'll employ a property representative, if you have not currently. While you're under no commitment to do so, there are a number of possible advantages to dealing with one. Firstly, a representative can offer access to more house alternatives compared to you'll likely locate yourself, as well as set up viewing consultations. Considering that home-buying could be a psychological procedure, an agent could also act as a conciliator between you and the seller.
Selling Your Own Home Brief North Carolinasell a house by owner Brief - does size matter?
###North Carolina:t#:t#:t# Property Investors Organization - Brief (AZREIA) http://www.azreia.com Contact: Alan Langston [email protected] Telephone: (480) 990-7092 When: Second Tuesday of monthly, 5:30 networking, 6:30 pm meeting Where: Doubletree Hotel, 445 S. Alvernon Method, Brief
I once heard an extremely famous realty expert claim, You can name the cost if I could call the terms, implying that rate doesn't matter if you could get the interest rate, payback term and down payment you desire. That statement clings a level however it certainly has its limitations. The rules of service as well as economics are like those of physics, and breaking them can end in disaster.
Selling Home By Owner Brief North Carolina
Getting A Home Loan With Debt Phase 7 bankruptcy entails the liquidation of possessions to repay debt. Consumers can additionally remove unprotected financial debts like bank card and also medical expenses. This is typically a course for people with lower to marginal assets and also center earnings.
When buying a repossession home, how To Buy A Foreclosure Home We talked about the considerable capacity for savings. This could bring in a great deal of investors and customers. It's a fast-moving and also affordable market. If you intend to stay on top of the marketplace, you should enroll in a foreclosure-tracking solution.
Sell My House Fast Cash in Brief
###North Carolina:t#:t#:t# Real Estate Investor's Association Contact: Juan Restrepo Telephone: (561) 819-5686 or (561) 819-1900 When: Third Thursday of monthly, 6:15 pm Where: Holiday Inn at I-95 & Lookout, Brief
Investing In Property Rentals Much More Regarding This Show Upon viewing The Matrix again, I understood exactly what an extraordinary message it consists of. As a real estate investor, or merely equally as a human, there are a lot of lessons we could remove. In a sense, our culture is living in an incorrect reality. Many people are entraped in fear-based state of minds, crippled with anxiousness and also debt.
Houses Investors Brief North Carolina
Buy A Confiscated Residence In ###North Carolina:t#:t#:t# The benefits of purchasing a house many particularly when you can obtain an inexpensive residence by investing in a repossession property. House owners obtain tax Briefks, save money and also are buying something as opposed to spending cash on lease. By learning the best ways to get a foreclosed home from a financial institution, you have the possibility to obtain all the advantages of buying a home at a price cut rate!
What To Deal On A House Canada Consider earnest money as a down payment. You pay the money right into an escrow account to be held until closing. If the vendor accepts your deal, it reveals that you are seriously interested in the residence and gives some confidence that you will be able to comply with via financially. You might additionally listen to people describe this cash as an excellent confidence down payment.
Selling Property Online in Brief
Make a list of the things you'll have to have in your house. Ask yourself how many bed rooms and also washrooms you'll obtain a concept and also need of just how much area you desire. Just how huge do you desire the kitchen to be? Do you need lots of storage rooms as well as closet space? Do you require a large backyard for your family pets and/or children to play in?
Real Estate Investor Brief Property Investors Group Contact: Sandra Musselwhite Telephone: (757) 761-1914 When: Fourth Saturday of every month (varies with holidays), 10:00 am to twelve noon Where: Central Library, 4100 NC Bch Blvd., Brief.
Sell House By Owner Brief North Carolina
Sell My Investment Property in Brief
After the records are signed, the closing lawyer returns the files to the lending institution that examines them and also, if whatever remains in order, arranges for the financing of the loan. As soon as the car loan has funded, the closing attorney schedules the home loan note as well as action of depend be recorded at the county recorders workplace.
Getting A First House Your representative guides you via the whole procedure, so his ability to understand your needs is really crucial. Choose somebody experienced concerning the location and also sort of properties you are interested in, yet additionally a person you feel comfortable collaborating with.
Buys Houses in Brief
Since real estate markets around the nation are showing signs of sputtering, it becomes much more essential that a residence is valued suitably. In Brief, one of the targeted "bubble" property markets, prices each square foot in the third quarter basically re###North Carolina:t#:t#:t#d the same from the second quarter; and also the price-per-room decreased 2.9 percent, inning accordance with the Corcoran Group, a Brief-based property broker agent company.
House Investor Brief North Carolina
Average Number of Days on the marketplace (DOM) If homes in your location regularly market within a week or two, your area is likely a seller's market. You are most likely in a customer's market if they usually stay on 60 days or more. The longer residences remain on the marketplace, the less power sellers have in that market. Most definitely inspect this number especially for the one mile distance bordering your home various areas in the same town or towns in the very same metro area could have drastically various DOM standards.
The Home Loan Pre-approval Refine We understand the home loan process could seem like a giant jump right into the unknown, yet bear in mind, it's actually just 4 standard actions: 1. Full Your Application; 2. The Financial as well as Property Evaluation; 3. Preparing to Close; and also 4. Closing. As well as, from beginning to end, you could depend on yourLoanTracker and the support of your residence mortgage expert.
Selling Your in Brief
Other articles that may be of interest to you:
- webuyuglyhouses in Brief, NC
- selling own house in Brief, NC
- homevestor in Brief, NC
- buy homes in Brief, NC
- companies that buy homes for cash in Brief, NC


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Glitz Dog Leash - Lilac
Sale price
Regular price
Dazzle your pet with this sparkly dog leash from Cha-Cha Couture!
- Matches Foxy Glitz Dog Collar with Letter Strap in Lilac, sold separately
- Light purple dog lead with loads of sparkle and dazzle
- Durable metal swivel clasp
Why We Love It:
The Foxy Glitz Dog Leash in Lilac is a great way to spice up your pet's dog and leash combination! This sparkly dog leash is made to match the Foxy Glitz Dog Collar with Letter Strap (sold separately), or any collar you choose!
Important Sizing Note: The following measurements are the dimensions of the actual product, not of the pet they fit. After measuring your pet, make sure all measurements fit within the following dimensions (with a little room to spare in the chest and neck).4' Leash
- Back Length: 4"
- Width: 0.5"


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Ego-mind: call it conditioned, limited, deluded,
Call it what we will, it remains unchanged.
Let's say it's what we seem to be,
But what kind of semblance is that?
If we could look into Truth's mirror,
Would we be shocked at the sight?
At seeing what we think we are disappear from view,
Replaced by a state beyond mind's images and inventions?


text: Lawn Care Tips to Boost Your Home's Curb Appeal You shouldn't judge a book by its cover, but sometimes, its pays to wary about a house with bad curb appeal. If you're selling your home, you can bet that potential buyers are making judgments based on the condition of your yard. In fact, you could have a beautiful, well-kept home, but if the outside […] By Jae Curtis Buying & Selling / Guides & How To's / Lawn Care / Lawn and Garden Lawn Care Tips to Boost Your Home's Curb Appeal


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|Job Creation, Job Destruction and the Contribution of Small Businesses: Evidence for UK Manufacturing
|Matthew Barnes, Jonathan Haskel
|We use the ARD micro level data set for UK manufacturing to document job creation and job destruction (JC&D). Due to data limitations, previous UK studies were unable to use entry and exit in calculations of JC&D and/or were are at the firm rather than establishment/plant level and/or used data that understate the number of small businesses in the economy. Our data can overcome these problems being based on plant and establishment-level data from the UK Census of Production. We compute JC&D levels and rates and the contribution of small businesses for UK manufacturing between 1980 and 1991 and compare our findings with previous UK studies and other countries. We find: a) establishment (plant) job creation and destruction rates of 10.0% and 13.5% (11.2% and 14.7%) respectively, higher than other studies; b) large establishments (plants) are responsible for about 60% (55%) of job destruction; and c) small establishments (plants) are responsible for between 50% and 68% (57% and 70%) of job creation, depending on calculation method.
| Reference:
Matthew Barnes & Jonathan Haskel, 2002.
"Job Creation, Job Destruction and the Contribution of Small Businesses: Evidence for UK Manufacturing,"
Working Papers 461, Queen Mary, University of London, Department of Economics.
*NOTE*: Updated data for services as well as manufacturing using a new version of the microdata used in this paper is available by Richard Upward, Nottingham


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Unfortunately, situations may occur that jeopardize the health of a tooth, or years of wear and tear can result in missing teeth. If this is the case with your dental health, dentures can restore your smile to its once former glory in Provo, Utah. Unison Dental can fit you with a new set of teeth, so we invite you to contact the dentist, at 801-615-2917, for a consultation. Drs. Scott and Straw are eager to get you smiling again!
3330 N. University Ave. Ste. A, Provo, UT 84604801-615-2917
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This page provides information on the Translucent Two-Sided Material.
The VRayMtl2Sided material is a utility material provided with the V-Ray renderer. The material allows seeing the light on the backside of objects.
Use this material to simulate thin translucent surfaces like paper, cloth curtains, tree leaves etc.
© Stephen Andrianakos
UI Path:
||Material Editor window|| > Material/Map Browser > Materials > V-Ray > VRay2SidedMtl
Front – The material which is going to be used for front-side faces as defined by the object normals.
Back material –The material V-Ray will use for back side faces as defined by their normals.
Use back material checkbox – When disabled, V-Ray will consider both sides assigned with the front material. When this is On, you can assign a different material from the front one.
Translucency – Determines which side (front or back) relative to the camera is more visible in the rendering process. By default this value is 0.5, which means that both the side facing the camera, and the one facing away from it, will be visible to the same degree. When this parameter is closer to 0.0, more of the material facing the camera is going be seen. When it is closer to 1.0, more of the back material is seen.
Multiply by front diffuse – When enabled, the translucency is multiplied by the diffuse of the front material. This option is not available when the renderer is set to GPU.
Force single-sided sub-materials – When enabled (the default), the sub-materials will render as one-sided materials. Turning this option Off is not recommended.
Example: Translucency Value (Front vs. Back Material)
In every pyramid, there is a VRayLight (Sphere type), which are the only light sources in the scene.The setup of the VRay2SidedMtl includes a VRayMtl in the Front Material slot, and Check-Box Off. That means V-Ray will use the same material for the Back one as well. The VRayMtl (Front material) has a diffuse Bitmap and for the opacity - a procedural Output map.
Opacity = Off
Translucency = 0.2
more of FrontMtl
Opacity = Off
Translucency = 0.8
more of BackMtl
Opacity = 0.5
Translucency = 0.2
more of FrontMtl
Opacity = 0.5
Translucency = 0.8
more of BackMtl
Example: Usage examples
These are some examples of common usage for the V-Ray 2-sided Material
Slim Curtain Look
Paper Lamp
Textile Lamps
- This material will give best results when assigned to single-sided objects (non-shelled) objects like planes, extruded splines, etc. Otherwise, it can lead to much longer render times.


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Toronto Neighbourhoods Wall Art
The City of Toronto is known for its diversity and culture and this is reflected in its many neighbourhoods We all know artist David Crighton! He's the guy who creates all those colourful and charming artworks we see all over the city. He's best known for his cool street art prints and urban art.
We have lots of communities for you to choose from and lots of products that use these same images. We can help you browse by genre, by subject, by style, you name it. But what we really love is finding art that's right for you.
Our online art store has a collection of dynamic neighbourhoods of the 6ix, each with its own distinctive character. Choose from Queen West or Kensington Market, High Park or Bloor West Village. Pull together a rad wall of many styles of prints - high-quality fine art prints, canvas, posters and glass framed artworks.
Things to know:
- you can commission David to create a neighbourhood just for you. For example Liberty Village
- you can commission David to insert storefronts that matter to you into an existing print of your neighbourhood!
- remember - artistic license always applies - don't worry about exact locations that you want in your neighbourhood. We know how to make it work for you!
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Notch signaling at the dorsoventral (DV) boundary is essential for patterning and growth of wings in Drosophila. The WD40 domain protein Ebi has been implicated in the regulation of Notch signaling at the DV boundary. Here we show that Ebi regulates wing growth by antagonizing the function of the transmembrane protein Crumbs (Crb). Ebi physically binds to the extracellular domain of Crb (Crbext), and this interaction is specifically mediated by WD40 repeats 7-8 of Ebi and a laminin G domain of Crbext. Wing notching resulting from reduced levels of Ebi is suppressed by decreasing the Crb function. Consistent with this antagonistic genetic relationship, Ebi knockdown in the DV boundary elevates the Crb protein level. Furthermore, we show that Ebi is required for downregulation of Crb by ubiquitylation. Taken together, we propose that the interplay of Crb expression in the DV boundary and ubiquitin-dependent Crb downregulation by Ebi provides a mechanism for the maintenance of Notch signaling during wing development.
Notch signaling is a conserved mechanism that regulates diverse developmental events, including tissue growth, cell fate specification and cell polarity (Artavanis-Tsakonas et al., 1999; Lai, 2004). Thus, how Notch signaling is regulated is an important developmental issue. Notch signaling is activated by the interaction between the extracellular domains (ECDs) of the Notch receptor and its transmembrane protein ligands, Delta and Serrate (de Celis et al., 1996). Ligand binding to Notch results in the cleavage of the intracellular domain (ICD) by γ-secretase (Mumm et al., 2000). The ICD fragment of Notch enters the nucleus, leading to transcriptional activation of specific target genes (Lieber et al., 1993; Lai, 2004).
Crumbs (Crb) is a transmembrane protein with EGF-like repeats in the extracellular domain, a structural feature shared with Notch (Tepass et al., 1990). Crb has multiple functions, including roles in apicobasal cell polarity (Tepass et al., 1990; Wodarz et al., 1995; Tanentzapf et al., 2000), morphogenesis (Izaddoost et al., 2002; Pellikka et al., 2002), Hippo signaling (Parsons et al., 2010; Laprise, 2011; Ribeiro et al., 2014) and mitosis (Yeom et al., 2014). Interestingly, recent studies have provided evidence that Notch activity is affected by Crb. For example, loss of Crb in the eye imaginal disc results in head overgrowth by increased cell proliferation due to ectopic Notch activity. This activation of Notch signaling is correlated with an increased endocytosis of Notch and its ligand Delta. Hence, independent of its function in cell polarity, Crb acts as an inhibitory factor to Notch activation by limiting endocytosis (Richardson and Pichaud, 2010). Crb is also involved in the inhibition of Notch signaling in vertebrates like zebrafish, in which Notch activity is necessary for the apical mitosis of neuroepithelial cells during embryogenesis (Ohata et al., 2011). The inhibition of Notch activity by Crb is due to a direct interaction between the extracellular domains of Crb and Notch. Further, Mosaic eyes (Moe, a homolog of Drosophila Yurt) antagonizes the Crb function in a positive feedback loop to maintain the apical basal gradient of Notch activity in neuroepithelial cells, thus restricting their mitosis to the apical area (Ohata et al., 2011).
These interactions between Crb and Notch described above suggest that Crb plays distinct roles in the regulation of Notch signaling in different developmental contexts. In Drosophila, activation of Notch signaling at the DV boundary of wing discs is pivotal for wing growth (de Celis et al., 1996). It has been shown that while crb gene expression is induced by Notch signaling, Crb protein antagonizes Notch signaling by interfering with γ-secretase (Herranz et al., 2006), a protease necessary for Notch signaling (Schweisguth, 2004). Thus, the level of Crb at the DV boundary needs to be downregulated to maintain Notch signaling in wing disc. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of Crb remains to be understood.
Genetic studies have shown that the ebi gene is required for wing growth by activating or de-repressing transcription of Notch target genes in the DV boundary (Marygold et al., 2011). Although both Ebi and Crb are involved in the modulation of Notch signaling at the DV boundary of wing disc, the relationship between these two proteins has not been studied. Ebi protein contains a LisH domain and an F box-like motif in the N-terminal region and eight WD40 repeats in the C-terminal region (Marygold et al., 2011). Interestingly, Ebi is known to function in the degradation of specific target proteins by interacting with an E3 ubiquitin ligase Seven-in-absentia (Sina), the founding member of the SIAH family proteins (Matsuzawa and Reed, 2001; Tsuda et al., 2006). This raises a possibility that Ebi might be involved in downregulation of Crb by directly interacting with a specific region of Crb. Crb protein consists of a large extracellular domain (Crbext) and a short intracellular domain (Crbintra) (Tepass et al., 1990). While the Crbintra domain and its interaction partners have been extensively studied (Bachmann et al., 2001; Hong et al., 2001; Izaddoost et al., 2002; Nam and Choi, 2003; Tepass, 2012), few binding partners of the Crbext domain have been identified thus far (Hafezi et al., 2012; Roper, 2012; Zou et al., 2012; Letizia et al., 2013; Pocha and Knust, 2013).
In this work, we identified Ebi as an interacting partner of the Crbext domain. Genetic evidence indicates that Ebi is antagonistic to Crb function in wing development. We show that Ebi is required for ubiquitin-dependent downregulation of Crb. This study provides a novel mechanism for the regulation of Notch signaling through the antagonistic interaction between Ebi and Crb.
Crumbs extracellular domain binds to the WD40 repeats of Ebi
To gain insights into the function of Crbext, we searched for binding partners of a conserved domain of Crbext using a yeast two-hybrid screen. The bait was the fourth laminin G domain (Crblam4). This domain is most closely related to the third laminin G domain of human CRB1 in which many mutations associated with retinal diseases have been identified (den Hollander et al., 2004). One of the Crblam4-interacting clones contained a 230 bp cDNA insert that encodes WD40 repeats 7 and 8 located in the C-terminal region of Ebi (Fig. 1A). To further confirm the binding between Ebi and Crb, we examined their interaction by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). In the assay using S2 cells transfected with Crblam4TM-V5 and Flag-Ebifull, these two proteins were coimmunoprecipitated (Fig. 1B), indicating that the extracellular domain of Crb can form a protein complex with Ebi.
To identify the specific region of Ebi involved in Crblam4 binding, we performed pull-down experiments using GST-fusion proteins. The N-terminal region of Ebi has a LisH domain, while the C-terminal part consists of eight WD40 repeats. Consistent with the two-hybrid interaction, pull-down assays confirmed the specific binding between Crblam4 and the WD40 7-8 repeats of Ebi (hereafter EbiWD7/8). Additional binding assays with truncated mutant Ebi proteins showed that Crblam4 did not bind the WD40 1-6 repeats or the N-terminal region of Ebi (Fig. 1C). Furthermore, other domains of Crb such as the laminin G domains 1-3, the EGF repeat domain or the intracellular domain also did not bind to the EbiWD7/8 (Fig. 1D). These data indicate that the Crblam4 domain specifically interacts with the EbiWD7/8 repeats.
Ebi is antagonistic to Crb in wing development
To check for physiological relevance of the binding between Crb and Ebi, we tested whether these two genes show any genetic interaction in wing development. Consistent with a previous study (Marygold et al., 2011), RNAi knockdown of Ebi in the DV boundary region driven by C96-Gal4 (C96>ebi RNAi) caused notching along the wing margin resulting in a 33±3% (n=10) reduction of the wing size (Fig. 2B,G) compared with the control (Fig. 2A). Three independent ebi RNAi lines showed similar wing defects (Fig. S1B-D). Because Notch signaling in the wing disc induces expression of its target gene cut along the DV boundary (de Celis et al., 1996; Micchelli et al., 1997), we examined the effects of ebi knockdown on the level of Cut protein. As expected from the notching phenotype in the adult wing, ebi RNAi by C96-Gal4 resulted in reduced Cut expression along the DV boundary (50±2% reduction, n=5) (Fig. S1F). This ebi RNAi wing phenotype was significantly suppressed in 70% (n=10) of examined wings by reducing the crb gene dosage in the crb11A22/+ heterozygote. The size of ebi RNAi wings was increased by 85±3% (n=10) in the crb11A22/+ background (Fig. 2C,G) compared with the control (Fig. 2A). Similarly, reduced Cut expression by ebi RNAi was significantly restored by crb11A22/+ (Fig. S1G). These results suggest that ebi and crb function antagonistically.
Since Ebi binds to the extracellular domain of Crb, we checked whether there is any specific genetic interaction between Ebi and Crbext. ebi RNAi in the wing pouch by nub-Gal4 led to a 47±3% (n=10) reduction of the wing size at 25°C (Fig. S2B). Similarly, overexpression of Crbext (CrbextTMGFP) by nub-Gal4 resulted in 50±3% (n=10) reduction of the wing size (Fig. S2C). Both nub>crbextTMGFP and nub>ebi RNAi wings also showed loss of crossveins in the wing (Fig. S2B,C). ebi RNAi and Crbext overexpression caused a 80±3% reduction of wing size at 29°C (Fig. 2D,D′,H). Under these conditions, overexpression of wild-type Ebi (Ebifull) resulted in partial suppression of the reduced wing phenotype caused by CrbextTMGFP (Fig. 2E,E′,H), although overexpression of Ebi alone as a control did not affect wing development (Fig. S2D). These results indicate that Ebi can antagonize the effects of Crbext overexpression.
To test whether the WD407/8 repeats that bind to Crb are important for the function of Ebi, we generated UAS-ebiΔWD7/8 to express a mutated Ebi protein deleted in the WD407/8 repeats. In contrast to the wild-type Ebi (Ebifull) (Fig. 2E,E′), EbiΔWD7/8 failed to suppress the nub>crbextTMGFP phenotype (Fig. 2F,F′,H). Hence, the WD407/8 domains of Ebi are not only important for binding Crblam4 but also required for Ebi to antagonize Crb.
Reduced levels of Ebi elevate Crb at the dorsoventral wing boundary
To understand the mechanism for the antagonistic genetic interaction between Ebi and Crb, we checked whether Ebi regulates the level of Crb protein. As shown previously (Herranz et al., 2006), the crb-lacZ reporter is strongly expressed in the DV boundary region of all wing discs examined (Fig. 3D-D′′). In contrast to crb-lacZ expression, Crb protein is expressed uniformly in most wing discs with no significant increase in the DV boundary region (Fig. 3A,A′), although increased Crb expression in the DV boundary was found in about 10±2% (n=50) of wing discs examined. Thus, we reasoned that excessive Crb protein induced in the DV boundary might be unstable and subject to degradation. If Ebi is involved in the downregulation of Crb, reduction of Ebi may increase the Crb protein level in the DV boundary region. Indeed, Ebi knockdown by C96>ebi RNAi resulted in upregulation of Crb in the DV boundary region compared with the surrounding areas (42±2% upregulation in ∼50% of wing discs examined, n>50) (Fig. 3B). We also tested whether Ebi knockdown in the anterior compartment by Ci-Gal4 is sufficient to increase the Crb level in the targeted region. Consistent with the result from C96>ebi RNAi, Ebi knockdown by Ci-Gal4 led to upregulation of Crb in the anterior region but not in the posterior control region in about 50% of wing discs examined (n>30) (Fig. 3C-C′′).
To determine whether Ebi regulates crb expression at the transcriptional level, we examined the effects of Ebi knockdown on the expression of a crb-lacZ reporter (Herranz et al., 2006). Crb-lacZ in the wild-type background was strongly induced along the DV boundary compared with surrounding regions of the wing pouch (Fig. 3D′). In contrast to the increase of Crb protein level by ebi RNAi, Ci>ebi RNAi did not significantly alter the level of crb-lacZ expression in the anterior wing compartment (Fig. 3D-D″). Thus, Ebi seems to downregulate the level of Crb protein post-translationally rather than by transcriptional repression.
In addition, we tried to examine the effects of an ebi null mutation on Crb expression, but mutant clones could not survive or were too small to determine the effect, as also previously reported (Marygold et al., 2011). As an alternative, we generated ebi RNAi clones by flp-out recombination (Theodosiou and Xu, 1998) to compare the Crb expression level in ebi RNAi clones and the adjacent wild-type cells. An early induction of flippase resulted in large areas of ebi RNAi clones marked with GFP. Similar to the results from Ci>ebi RNAi, the level of Crb was increased in the DV boundary region within ebi RNAi clones compared with the wild-type control area (Fig. 3E-E″). Taken together, these results show that Ebi is required for downregulation of Crb protein in the DV boundary.
Ebi downregulates Crb by ubiquitylation
To confirm the role of Ebi in Crb downregulation, we examined the level of Crb protein from fly extracts by western blot analysis. Crb protein levels in crb11A22/+ heterozygotes were reduced by 48±2% (n=3) compared with wild-type level (Canton-S or w1118) (Fig. 4A,A′). In contrast, the level of Crb protein was about 60±2% (n=3) higher in ebiE4/+ heterozygotes than the wild-type level (Fig. 4A,A′). These results suggest that Ebi is required for the downregulation of Crb protein level.
It has been shown that Ebi is involved in proteasome-dependent degradation (Matsuzawa and Reed, 2001; Tsuda et al., 2002). Thus, we postulated that Crb might be a target for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by Ebi. To test this idea, first we checked whether reducing proteasome activity could increase the Crb level. In control wing discs without ebi RNAi, anti-ubiquitin staining was almost uniformly distributed within the wing pouch area (Fig. 4B,B″). Interestingly, when a 26S proteasome subunit was knocked down by Prosβ6 RNAi with C96-Gal4, the level of ubiquitin was consistently reduced in the DV boundary region (Fig. 4C). In contrast, the level of Crb was enhanced in the area of Prosβ6 knockdown (Fig. 4C′,C′′). These results suggest that Ebi might be involved in ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation of Crb in the DV boundary region.
Next, we tested whether Crb is ubiquitylated to be targeted by the proteasome. Western blots of protein extracts from wild-type and ebi/+ heterozygous adult tissues showed similar patterns of many ubiquitin-labeled protein bands stained by an anti-Ubiquitin antibody (Fig. S3). For identification of ubiquitylated Crb, we carried out immunoprecipitation of Crb from protein extracts of wild-type and ebi heterozygous mutant adult flies. From immunoprecipitation with anti-Crb, the majority of Crb was detected as a 60 kDa band whereas the 220 kDa full length Crb was a minor form (Fig. 4D), suggesting that the 60 kDa band is a cleaved form of Crb. Interestingly, only the 60 kDa form of Crb was ubiquitylated whereas the full length Crb was not, as if ubiquitylated full-length Crb proteins were degraded. The amount of the full length Crb was increased in two different alleles of ebi/+ heterozygotes (Fig. 4D). In contrast, ebiE4/+ heterozygous flies showed strong reduction of ubiquitylation in the 60 kDa Crb (Fig. 4E,E′), whereas the levels of α-tubulin were similar (Fig. 4D′). Similar results were found in another allele, ebik16213/+. Taken together with increased Crb levels in ebi mutants and Ebi-depleted wing discs, these data suggest that Ebi is required for ubiquitin-dependent downregulation of Crb.
Overlapping localization of Crb and Notch in the cell membrane and intracellular vesicles
It has been reported that the extracellular domains of Crb and Notch physically interact in mammalian cells (Ohata et al., 2011). We tested whether Crb puncta of wing disc cells overlap with Notch detected by anti-NICD (Notch intracellular domain) antibody. At the apical level of wing disc epithelium, Crb and Notch showed nearly identical patterns of membrane staining (Fig. S4A). Many NICD puncta were detected at more basal sections (Fig. S4B). Interestingly, approximately 40% of NICD puncta overlapped with Crb puncta based on ImageJ quantification. Ebi overexpression by C96-Gal4 did not significantly alter the pattern of NICD and Crb staining (Fig. S4C,D). In contrast, Ebi knockdown by C96>ebi RNAi increased the Crb level in the apical region of the DV boundary (Fig. S4E′). Numbers of both Notch and Crb puncta were also increased by Ebi knockdown (Fig. S4F,F′,G). These results suggest that loss of Ebi leads to increased internalization of NICD and Crb and accumulation of Crb in the apical cell membrane for Notch inhibition.
In this study, we have shown that Ebi promotes wing development by downregulating the Crb protein level. Crb is known to antagonize Notch signaling by interfering with γ-secretase, which is necessary for Notch cleavage (Herranz et al., 2006). Our data indicate that the level of Crb protein is regulated post-translationally by Ebi. Thus, Notch signaling at the DV boundary in the wing disc seems to be regulated by two opposing activities, that is, the activation of crb transcription by Notch and the downregulation of Crb protein by Ebi. In a model proposed in Fig. 4F, Notch is activated in the DV boundary for active growth of wing discs, which will also induce upregulation of crb mRNA and protein. When Notch signaling reaches a level that is higher than optimal, accumulated Crb protein may antagonize Notch signaling (Herranz et al., 2006; Ohata et al., 2011). However, excessive Notch inhibition by Crb can be prevented by Ebi-dependent downregulation of Crb, thus maintaining the homeostasis of growth signaling. This feedback control of the Crb protein level might help keep Notch signaling at a proper level during wing development.
Ebi and mammalian Ebi orthologs can act as corepressors/coactivator exchange factors (Tsuda et al., 2002; Perissi et al., 2008). Thus, it has been proposed that Ebi might participate in the dissociation or degradation of the corepressor(s) via the proteasome and facilitates the recruitment of coactivators for transcriptional activation of Notch target genes in wing development (Marygold et al., 2011). However, knockdown of Ebi did not significantly alter the level of crb-lacZ (Fig. 3D′), a reporter gene induced by Notch signaling (Herranz et al., 2006). Instead, our data suggest that Ebi activates Notch signaling in wing development by proteasome-dependent downregulation of Crb. This function of Ebi is consistent with the role of Ebi in degradation of Tramtrack in Drosophila (Dong et al., 1999; Boulton et al., 2000) and the mammalian Ebi function in β-catenin downregulation by ubiquitylation (Matsuzawa and Reed, 2001).
While the intracellular domain of Crb has been extensively studied, little is known about protein partners that physically interact with Crbext. In zebrafish, the extracellular domains of the Crb family proteins can bind to the Notch extracellular domain to inhibit Notch activation (Ohata et al., 2011). In addition, Crbext is known to dimerize with itself for cell adhesion between photoreceptors in zebrafish (Zou et al., 2012; Pocha and Knust, 2013). In this study, we have shown that the lam4 domain of Crbext directly interacts with repeats 7-8 of the WD40 domain of Ebi. The mechanism underlying this physical interaction between Ebi and the extracellular domain of Crb is currently unknown. One possibility is that Crb protein may be internalized into the cytoplasm by endocytosis (Roeth et al., 2009). In this case, Crbext will be located inside the endosomal vesicles, hence cytosolic Ebi still cannot access Crbext. Secondly, Ebi might interact with the extracellular domain of newly synthesized Crb protein prior to its targeting to the cell membrane. Thirdly, Ebi protein may be secreted from the cell and bind to Crbext. It remains to be determined whether Ebi uses one of these methods or another unknown mechanism to interact with the lam4 domain of Crb. It would also be interesting to see whether the Ebi-dependent downregulation of Crb plays a conserved role for Notch signaling in other organisms.
Fly genetics
All Drosophila strains were maintained at room temperature, unless stated otherwise. Ebi knockdown was induced by crossing UAS-ebi RNAi lines with nub-Gal4 and C96-Gal4. Gal4 and RNAi lines were obtained from the Bloomington Stock Center, Vienna Drosophila Resource Center (Austria) and National Institute of Genetics (Japan). UAS-CrbextTMGFP fly strain was provided by Elizabeth Knust (Max Planck Institute, Dresden, Germany). ebiE4 and ebik16213 mutants were provided by Leo Tsuda (National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan). Ebi overexpression was induced by crossing UAS-ebiExell (ebifull) with C96-Gal4. Flp-out ebi RNAi clones were made by crossing: yw; hs-flp22; ebi RNAi with Ay≫Gal4,UAS-GFP (Kyoto Stock Center #107-724). F1 progeny was heatshocked at 38°C for 60 min at first instar larval stage. Then, wing imaginal discs from 3rd instar larvae were analyzed by immunostaining.
Yeast two-hybrid screening
Matchmaker Gold yeast two-hybrid system (Clontech) was used to screen for Crblam4 binding proteins. Firstly, the Crblam4 coding sequence was cloned in pGBKT7 vector to make a fusion construct of Gal4 DNA-binding domain and Crblam4 in the yeast strain Y2HGold. The culture of Y2HGold containing the fusion bait construct was mixed with the adult Drosophila Mate and Plate cDNA library (Clontech), which expresses Drosophila proteins fused with the Gal4 activation domain in the yeast strain Y187. After 24 h, mated diploid cells contain four reporter genes, HIS3, ADE2, MEL1 and AUR1-C that can be activated in response to two-hybrid interaction. Approximately 107 transformants were screened, and positive clones obtained were selected by the ability to activate β-galactosidase and grow in restricted medium by expression of four reporter genes under the control of Gal4-responsive promoters. The strength of interactions was determined by the growth rate and color of clones on selective plates. Finally, inserts from positive clones were sequenced and identified by BLAST search in Flybase.
Wing imaginal discs were fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde for 15 min and 100% methanol for 5 min. Fixed discs were immunostained, as described (Yeom et al., 2014). Briefly, after washing twice with PBS (pH 7.3), disc samples were blocked in 0.5% BSA. Samples were incubated with primary antibodies at the following concentrations: rabbit anti-Ebi (from Leo Tsuda, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan) at 1:200, rat anti-Crbintra at 1:100, rabbit anti-Dlg (from Kyungok Cho, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea) at 1:100, sheep anti-GFP at 1:100 (Bio-Rad, 4745-1051), mouse anti-Cut at 1:100 (DSHB, 2B10) and rabbit anti-ubiquitin at 1:50 (Abcam, ab8134). Then, secondary antibodies conjugated with Cy3 (1:600), Cy5 (1:400) or FITC (1:100) (Alexa Fluor, Molecular Probes) were used. Specificity for anti-Crbintra antibody was tested in crb null mutant clones (Fig. S5). Fluorescent images were acquired using a Carl Zeiss LSM710 confocal microscope. The puncta colocalization was quantified by ImageJ-Fiji plugin colocalization analysis (http://fiji.sc/Cookbook). Manders' coefficients were used for percentage puncta colocalization measurements.
Generation of anti-Crbext antibody
A DNA fragment for the fourth laminin domain of Crb was amplified and cloned into the pMal vector. MBP-Crblam4 fusion protein was expressed in E.coli R2 cells by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction. Purified fusion protein was used to inject into rats to raise antibody (Abfrontier, Seoul, Korea). Anti-Crbext was validated by immunostaining in western blots (Fig. S6).
Cell culture, transfection, immunoprecipitation
S2 cells were grown in M3 medium (Sigma) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Sigma) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution. For transfection, 3×106 to 4×106 cells were seeded in 4.5 ml medium per 50 ml flask and allowed to adhere. Then, transfection was performed using Cellfectin II reagent, according to the manufacturer's protocol (Invitrogen). A total of 1-2 μg DNA was used for each transfection. Cells were collected for analysis 36-48 h after transfection. For immunoprecipitation, cells were lysed in 0.1% CHAPS buffer, and the lysates (1 mg total protein) were precleared by incubating with Protein G-Sepharose beads (Amersham Bioscience) for 1 h at 4°C. The beads were removed after centrifugation and the clear lysates in the supernatant were kept. The beads were coupled with Flag-tag (Abcam) polyclonal antibodies at 4°C for 2 h and were incubated with the clear lysates overnight at 4°C. Samples were washed four times with IP buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 100 mM KCl, 0.05% Triton X-100, 25 mM EDTA, 5 mM DTT, 5% glycerol and protease inhibitor cocktail). Immunoprecipitates were resuspended in 5× SDS sample buffer, heated for 5 min at 95°C, separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. Proteins were detected by a standard immunostaining protocol and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) (Gendepot, USA).
Protein constructs
Crblam1 [amino acids (aa) 1-465], CrbEGF (aa 466-981), Crblam23 (aa 982-1575), Crblam4 (aa 1576-1792) and Crbintra (aa 2108-2146) were cloned into pMal (New England) to generate N-terminal MBP fusion proteins. EbiFull (aa 1-696), EbiΔWD7/8 (aa 1-613), EbiNter (aa 1-343) and EbiWD7/8 (aa 614-696) were cloned into pGex4T1 (Pharmacia) to generate N-terminal GST fusion proteins. Crblam4TM (aa 1576-2106) was cloned into pAC5.1V5 (Invitrogen) and EbiFull was cloned into pAC5.1Flag (Invitrogen) for expressing protein in S2 cells.
GST pull down assay
For GST pull down, IPTG-inducible E. coli R2 cells (BL21 derivative) were transformed with plasmid constructs for fusion proteins MBP-Crblam4, GST EbiFull, GST EbiΔWD7/8, GST EbiNter and GST EbiWD7/8. Bacterial cell lysates were prepared using a standard method. Equal amounts of blocked glutathione Sepharose 4B beads (Bioprogen) with GST, GST fusion protein or beads alone were incubated in pull down buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 0.1% Triton X-100, 1 mM DTT and protease inhibitor cocktail), 1× sample buffer was added, beads were boiled, and proteins were resolved on SDS-PAGE. Proteins were electrophoretically transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes, blocked in 5% skimmed milk (Bio-Rad) for 1 h and incubated with primary goat anti-GST (Santa Cruz) or rabbit anti-MBP antibody (Santa Cruz). Goat anti-rabbit or anti-goat antibodies (Molecular Probes) were used as secondary antibodies. Pulled down proteins were visualized using an ECL kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
The following constructs and primers were used: crblam1, Fwd-ATGAGGATCCGCCAATGCGTCACTGTCGCAA and Rev-ATGAGTCGACTGGCAGCAGTCATATTGTGCTG; crbEGF, Fwd-ATGAGAATTCTGCTTCCAGTCAGACTGCAAA and Rev-ATGAGTCGACCAGTAAATGTGGTGTTCGTAACAC; crblam23, Fwd-ATGAGTCGACAGGTAACTCATCTGTACAACTGC and Rev-ATGAGTCGACCAGTAAATGTGGTGTTCGTAACAC; crblam4, Fwd-ATGAGTCGACGTGTTACGAACACCACATTTACTG and Rev-ATGAGTCGACTCAATCGCCCTCGAATCCAGGCTG; crbintra, Fwd-ATGAGAATTCATGGCCAGGAACAAGCGAGC and Rev-ATGAGTCGACCTAAATTAGTCGCTCTTCCGG; crblam4TM, Fwd-ATGAGTCGACGTGTTACGAACACCACATTTACTG and Rev-ATGAGAATTCGCTCGCTTGTTCCTGGCCAT; Ebifull, Fwd-ATGAGAATTCATGAGTTTTTCCAGCGACGAGG and Rev-ATGACTCGAGTCAGAACTTTCGCAGGTCCAAC; EbiΔWD7/8, Fwd-ATGAGAATTCATGAGTTTTTCCAGCGACGAGG and Rev-ATGACTCGAGTCACCACAGTCTTACCGTGGAAT; EbiNter, Fwd-ATGAGAATTCATGAGTTTTTCCAGCGACGAGG and Rev-ATGACTCGAGTATTTCGATGTTCTCGTCAATC; EbiWD7/8, Fwd-ATGAGAATTCGACGTGGAGAGGGGCAGCTG and Rev-ATGACTCGAGTCAGAACTTTCGCAGGTCCAAC.
crb and ebi cDNA (Flybase) were used as templates for PCR amplification.
We are grateful to Elizabeth Knust for UAS-CrbextTMGFP fly strain, Kyung-Ok Cho for Dlg antibody, Leo Tsuda for ebi mutant flies and Ebi antibody, and Macro Milan for crb-lacZ stock. We are indebted to the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, the Vienna Drosophila Resource Center, the National Institute of Genetics (Japan) and the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank for fly stocks and antibodies. We thank Kyung-Ok Cho and Sang-Chul Nam for helpful comments on the manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing or financial interests.
Author contributions
Conceptualization: K.W.C., M.B.N.; Investigation: M.B.N., L.T.V.; Writing - Review & Editing: M.B.N., K.W.C.; Funding acquisition: K.W.C.; Supervision: K.W.C.
This research was supported by a National Research Laboratory grant [NRF-2011-0028326] and a Global Research Laboratory grant [2014K1A1A2042982] through the National Research Foundation of Korea.
Supplementary information
Supplementary information available online at http://dev.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/dev.142059.supplemental
- Received July 9, 2016.
- Accepted August 12, 2016.
- © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd


text:
Very few have the opportunity to interview 'Hank', everyone's favourite Mother's Boy and star of his own almost-annual Christmas Holiday Showcase in Orillia. Hank usually slips away quickly after the curtain call and never seems to be around backstage. However, intrepid Green Room editor John Bleasby tripped him while 'Hank' was still in costume running out the stage door, and managed to have a special conversation with someone always happy to speak his mind, even at Christmas.
A warning to readers: This interview with 'Hank' contains humorous comment concerning the hypocrisy of municipal cultural policies, amongst other things. If you are devoid of a sense of humour and have an aversion to nonsense, it is suggested you not read this interview.
Another successful fund-raising show, Hank; this time for The Sharing Place, Orillia's Food Bank. Your mother must be so proud.
She is, and did you know that this room we're in Mr. Bleasby…may I call you Mr. Bleasby?…is Gordon Lightfoot's room. They fed him here a week ago.
Fed him to whom?
They actually fed him this time. Some of the crumbs he ate are still here I see.
They could be of immeasurable value. Do you think the City will enshrine them in a trophy case at City Hall?
Oh, I think maybe they will sell them off, half a cup for five bucks, with the proceeds going to the so-called Orillia Culture Department.
Like feeding crumbs to the hungry? A few cups of crumbs would more than double the 2013 Orillia cultural budget!
Something like that, yes.
When you script your Christmas shows, it's pretty clear that nothing stands on sacred ground. What does 'Hank' hold holy?
Three nuns and Reverend Father McFlannery, that's about it.
I mean, you really don't take any prisoners in your Orillia news stories and monologues, do you?
Well, we do have a prisoner. We have Opera House Manager Krista Storey locked in the room to your right over there.
I understand Mayor Angelo Orsi, was in the audience on Opening Night. How exciting was that for you?
Actually I had Mayor Orsi on stage in my show 2 years ago. This time he sat in the back, in the dark.
Was he comp'ed (free ticket) or did he pay with cash or a credit card?
Umm….. I'm not allowed to answer that question. One of the above.
Did your mother sit with the Mayor?
No. She wasn't there. Mother doesn't like theatre.
Your show featured some quite 'frisky' nuns. Coincidently I saw a big ad in the Globe & Mail this past week from the drug maker Pfizer. Apparently they have lowered the price of Viagra to the same level as the generics. Do your nuns read Toronto papers?
No, in fact it's 'none of this' and 'none of that' when it comes to them.
But I guess old habits die 'hard'.
Yes they do, but if you want to be a nun, you shouldn't have a habit to begin with. And if you do, you better change and maybe become an Anglican nun because they are much freer.
In your 'Orillia News' skit, you made comment on the demise of Orillia's 'Department of Culture & Heritage' and it's absorption into the Parks & Recreation Department.
The point is, you see, is that Mr. Merkley who is the head of Parks & Recreation, wanted Culture put under Sewage and Water and not under Parks and Recreation. He pleaded for weeks with Mayor Orsi, to no avail.
But his suggestion does make perfect sense. If the intention is to flush 'Culture & Heritage' down the toilet, it makes sense to merge it with 'Water and Sewage'.
It would have worked perfectly!
Now, all seriousness aside; your show this year was in support of The Sharing Place Food Bank. I notice that part of the fundraising program suggests that people buy whole turkeys for distribution to those in need. However, for those on a tight budget who still want help, 'turkey parts' can be purchased. Have you been watching a bit too much Dexter on TV?
I would not suggest that I was inspired by Dexter, but I do like to go down and watch the butcher at Metro do his work. You see, Mr. Bleasby…is it still alright to call you Mr. Bleasby?…originally the idea was to have live turkeys running around the lobby of the Opera House, but Front of House Manager Terry Rossiter said they would crap on everything, so that was that.
Not to mention that those turkeys don't carry Actors' Equity cards ….
Now the other thing you mentioned was that the City Hall Christmas Pageant had to be cancelled this year.
Yes. Sadly they could not find Three Wise Men on Council to play those roles, let alone a virgin.
Meanwhile in Midland, the Huronia Players have organised a Food Drive using the theme, The Three Scrooges. Maybe this is an alternate concept that might fit the talents of the Councillors.
That might take up a lot of their time from their duties, whatever they are.
Perhaps the City could organise a series of public hearings to learn how the citizens of Orillia felt about Councillors participating in a Food Drive. Then after the hearings are complete and public opinion is strongly expressed, the Councillors could then turn around and ignore the public entirely and just do what they wanted to do in the first place.
They could! Why should they change tactics now? By the way, it's nice to see Mayor Orsi looking so well. He seems to have recovered from being on stage in my show two years ago.
Yes, I understand he is very popular in the polls these days. Or was it popular with the Poles those days?
I don't know any Polish people so I can't answer that question for you. But I hear he's popular in Ramara. Listen, I've got to go. I've got to change.
Yes, you should…You'd better! Merry Christmas!


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The devil-may-care manner in which motorbikes have lately started speeding along the Dhaka streets can be termed simply dreadful, if not menacing. Their dominance over the capital's critical roundabouts is conspicuous quite distressingly. In the minds of law abiding road users, including vehicle operators and road-crossing pedestrians, they have long been instilling terror and worries. To the outspoken traffic monitors, these reckless motorbikes are now synonymous with an urban scourge. But in fact, these motorised two-wheelers are integral part of a modern urban life. The case of Dhaka is unique; that, too, in many respects. In the first place, their rise goes on at an exponential rate.
The 65 per cent share of these bikes among the total motorised vehicles since 2011 is potently significant. For a fast-growing middle-income-aspirant city it is nothing unusual. But the total percentage and the seemingly unabated rising trend carry the elements of unease. Whether sections of jittery people approve of it or not, the pervasive dominance of the Dhaka roads by motorcycles has for some time been a stark reality. As a recent FE report says, the number of motorbikes registered by the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) was 2.51 million till February. On the other hand, the number of all registered vehicles at the moment is 3.88 million. Befitting the major cities around the world, Dhaka also has high demand for public transports like buses. But to the disappointment of commuters and the other passengers, the number of these vehicles among the registered ones is only 46,742. Correction of this anomaly warrants the intervention of policymakers. In order for the large public vehicles to be attached precedence over the ubiquitous, and thus unmanageable, motorcycles it is pragmatic transport policies which can make a difference.
Motorbikes are a common spectacle in the cities of developing countries. The middle class people, to whom private cars are often difficult to afford, are the chief clients of these two-wheelers. Small, nuclear families travelling by these bikes are normal urban scenarios; moreover, motorbike aficionados include lone young ladies, along with heroic male youths, in many highly developed cities today. Young women riding light motorbikes are emerging as a common scene in Dhaka. But there are a number of flipsides. In the Bangladesh capital, lax enforcement of traffic rules drives many motorcyclists to flout the mandatory laws. Stipulation about wearing of helmets by the main rider and the pillion passengers is still not respected by many. Riding motorbikes is economical, as per km cost of fuel involving these two-wheelers is said to be only Tk 2.0. It is Tk 20-30 in case of cycle rickshaws. By not properly monitoring the motorbike movement in the city and bringing them under the legal dragnet, the authorities concerned are in a way squandering a great potential opportunity being created for Dhaka's commuters.
Meanwhile, the app-based motorbike ridesharing in Dhaka is afflicted by a lot of blights. A survey says 99 per cent of ridesharing drivers do not follow traffic rules properly. What's most alarming, 80 per cent of the ridesharing drivers do not have adequate knowledge about traffic laws. Another aspect of this service is 25 per cent of the drivers are reportedly not fully fit physically or mentally. Launched in 2015, the ridesharing service was initially welcomed by the middle class commuters. It still benefits lots of people. But the irregularities plaguing it and deviant ways adopted by most of its drivers run the risk of its becoming another urban dread.


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Oval Dining Table
Top is constructed using two curved boards book matched from the center of a large Cherry log. The gap formed by the curved boards is filled with walnut. The legs are constructed from solid cherry. Finished with two coats of Arm-R-Seal topped with two coats of boiled linseed oil impregnated with pine resin. July 2018
Desk Without Drawers
Top is constructed with two adjoining slabs from the middle of the same log joined with a curved walnut strip. Natural openings are stabilized with ornamental walnut bowties. Legs and top are constructed from solid cherry. Rubbed oil finish. September 2015
Computer Lecturn for Desk without Drawers
Solid Cherry. June 2017
Beech Butcher Block Counter
Laminated american beech butcher block counter with decorative beech bowties. The counter measures 14.5 feet long and 20 inches wide. Installed in a Philadelphia restaurant called Comfort and Floyd started and owned by Sally's neice and her husband. Finished with Arm-R-Seal. March 2018.
Butcher's Block
Stand alone butcher's block with drawer. American Beech, with 2.5" thick top. Wheels on the two side legs provide easy transport. Mineral oil and bee's wax finish. November 2014
Bedside Tables
Solid Cherry. May 2017
Other Tables
Descriptions are included in captions at the bottom of each photo.


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A Smile
Dental implants can be customized
A Smile
Dental implants can be customized
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The best way to find out about the dental implant that how it is beneficial and how it is the best solution for you is by contacting Dentist Implants USA with the number given at the top of the page.
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Titanium implant is done in your jaw bone where a tooth once was and it is placed surgically. Once it is placed then it is left for almost two to six months so, that the bone can grow properly in surrounding of the implant. In between the time you can use temporary crown for your smooth mouth functioning.
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What a Test match this has been. I don't think anyone, least of all the South Africans, could have imagined the Test panning out like after they bowled England out for 139
Back then, on the first day, there were utterings of complaint from Fletcher and armchair pundits that the pitch was poor. I too agreed, but only to an extent – it was a combination of rain juicing it up, and poor shot selection from England.
Day 2, and Kallis showed how to bat on a flat pitch. It was a masterful, boring and controlling innings – just what SA needed to dent England's confidence. Indeed, South Africa were miles ahead of the game by close yesterday as Kallis remarked in an interview:
"It was hugely important to bounce back after Port Elizabeth," added Kallis. "To go 2-0 down was not an option – it would have been the series over. Maybe we let ourselves down a bit this evening by not quite landing enough balls in the right area, but it could be the wake-up call we needed. If we get a few wickets tomorrow, we could make our lives easier."
And Michael Vaughan looked like this:
After 3 sessions of crunching strokeplay, defiant batting and resiliance from Trescothick and Strauss, it was Smith's turn to look glum:
They put on 273 for the first wicket – their 4th stand of 150+ opening together in just their 9th Test. Jonathan Agnew wrote:
But of all the teams currently in world cricket, one feels that only Australia could have produced a performance quite like this.
If they can add another 200 runs on the fourth day, they might well complete one of the most astonishing turn-rounds in test history.
England weren't quite staring down the barrell – they're a confident team, after all – but the odds were stacked against them, and the situation at start-of-play was tailor-made for a blocker. Such was the rate at which they scored against all but Pollock, that the game has been turned on its head. SA can win it. England can win it. But the force is with England, and they have 9 2nd innings wickets remaining. A truly brilliant Test match, ebbing and flowing – thank God for Cricket!


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Tech Lead, eCommerce Engineering
Maryland Heights, Missouri
We are all about cutting-edge entertainment and communications. Spectrum Technologists aren't just keeping up, we're keeping ahead of the curve on all system layers, including data, processing, and front-end systems. We pair insight with analytics to anticipate coming trends in design, standards and processes, containment and resolution, and more. With hands-on responsiveness to real-time incidents, we ensure system health and security, consulting with project owners on operations, implementation, and system status. Always open to new ideas, we're researching and recommending new strategies for technical interfaces, automated solutions, and server-related topics to support a smooth and seamless user experience.
- Full Time
- Job Level: Mid to Senior
- Travel: Minimal (if any)
Success Profile
What makes a successful Spectrum Technologist? Check out the top traits to see if you have the right mix.
- Tech Savvy
- Team Player
- Strategic
- Goal Oriented
- Detail Oriented
- Problem Solver
Our team is very focused, and there's a strong collaborative culture here. We share common goals, so compatibility, being supportive of others, and getting support from your team are fundamental. There is real respect for skills here, too. You can come in with a computer science or mathematics background and find something that interests you among all the different working groups and stacks. This is a fast-moving company, and working with cutting-edge technology, like wireless and mobile, is appealing. It's exciting to see where the business is going and know you have a hand in making ideas a reality.Ramesh, Sr. Director, IT Data Management
Technology unlocks the future
Our new integrated wireless router features next-generation 802.11ax technology.
Connecting you to comprehensive benefits.
Learn about our 98,000 employees, products and services, and advertising solutions offered to 28 million customers in 41 states.
Health Benefits
Medical, prescription drug, dental, and vision plans available.
Paid Time Off
Paid vacation, sick and personal time, and holidays.
401(k) Retirement Savings
We provide a 100% match for every dollar you contribute, up to 6% of your eligible pay.
High income potential.
Education Assistance
We support continuing education for personal and professional growth.
Discounted Services
Free and discounted Spectrum services where available.
ResponsibilitiesDate posted 09/18/2019 Requisition Number: 245235BR-2 Location: United States - Missouri - Maryland Heights Area of Interest: Information Technology Services Position Type: Full Time
In Charter's IT Ordering Group, you will help implement and enhance our future-state Online Buyflow at spectrum.com. This platform allows new and existing customers to purchase our internet, video, and phone products online. It is a collection of systems composed of Spring Boot APIs, Oracle ATG Web Commerce Platform, and a single-page application based on React.
The Lead eCommerce Engineer will be responsible for finding and implementing technical solutions for our primary business stakeholder, Digital Marketing. The ideal candidate follows technology trends, loves to stay hands-on with the technology, and can contribute to our continuing adoption of DevOps practices. They will be involved with both development and operations work, and need to bring expertise in java, Spring Boot, React, Puppet, or other related technologies.
Actively and consistently supports all efforts to simplify and enhance the customer experience
- Creates detailed design documentation and operations procedures documents for new systems and enhancements to existing systems
- Works with peer developers to ensure standards for coding, test automation, version control and build automation are followed by project teams throughout development
- Reviews documents including project charters, functional requirements, non-functional requirements and high-level designs to ensure detailed design work and implementation can use the information provided
- Compiles work breakdowns for new projects to assist development managers in providing cost and calendar estimates to project teams and maps development progress back to project milestones to proactively identify roadblocks and resolve them
- Conducts detailed analysis of log files and performance statistics of new or existing systems to identify previously unknown performance, functional or security issues and provides recommendations for remediation of issues
- Conducts design reviews, code reviews and deployment procedure reviews with development teams and operations personnel
- Provides troubleshooting and prioritization assistance for defect and performance issues of projects within development and in production
- Provides internal support to other personnel for issues on production systems
- Provides informal training and mentoring to senior technical personnel on platforms, tools and practices
- Adheres to industry specific local, state, and federal regulations as applicable
- Knows, understands and follows company policy
- Performs other duties as requested by manager
Skills/Abilities and Knowledge
- Ability to read, write and speak the English language to communicate with employees, customers, and suppliers, in person, on the phone, and by written communications in a clear, straight-forward, and professional manner
- A clear passion about technology and technology trends to be constantly aware of new solutions and opportunities to improve
- A mastery of infrastructure technologies and concepts is preferred
- Ability to demonstrate lateral thinking required to solve complex technical problems
- Ability to collaborate well with others to solve problems and actively incorporates input from various sources; has experience working with others on a global basis; applies knowledge to coach and mentor others
- Ability to build consensus across interdisciplinary environments (across technical teams, across client domains)
- Master knowledge in network design, network architecture, protocols and network topology
- Master knowledge in TCP/IP and the OSI Model
- Master knowledge of network devices and basic network appliances
- Master knowledge of network designing software, such as Visio
- Master knowledge of at least two application server platforms (WebLogic, WebSphere, Tomcat, JBOSS, etc.)
- Master knowledge of at least three development languages (Java, C/C++, ObjectiveC, Perl, Python, ASP/.Net, etc.)
- Master knowledge of at least three developments or test automation tools (ANT, Maven, Hudson/Jenkins, JUnit, JMeter, etc.)
- Master knowledge of at least three development frameworks (Struts, Spring MVC, Spring Security, JQuery, AXIS 2.0, etc.)
- Ability to perform duties in a very fast pace environment and ability to learn new technology quickly
Bachelor's Degree in Information Technology, Computer Science, MIS, Engineering or related field or related work experience, Master's Degree preferred
Related Work Experience
12 plus years experience designing or configuring systems and/or applications
8 plus years project management work experience
Experience working in Telecommunications industry
Skills /Abilities and Knowledge
Knowledge of company products and services
Office environment
The Spectrum brands (including Spectrum Networks, Spectrum Enterprise and Spectrum Reach) are powered and innovated by Charter Communications. Charter Communications reaffirms its commitment to providing equal opportunities for employment and advancement to qualified employees and applicants. Individuals will be considered for positions for which they meet the minimum qualifications and are able to perform without regard to race, color, gender, age, religion, disability, national origin, veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity, or any other basis protected by federal, state or local laws.
Connect with us
Stay in the loop about everything that's going on at Spectrum. Get information about local openings and hiring events delivered right to your inbox. You can even upload your resume so we can match you with new opportunities.


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ENGLEWOOD, Colo. —Linebacker Brandon Marshall (knee) hasn't played since a Week 8 game against the Chiefs, but he returned to practice Wednesday in a limited capacity.
Safety Dymonte Thomas (ankle) was also a limited participant, while Shaquil Barrett (hip) and Tramaine Brock (ribs) did not practice.
If Brock cannot play against Cincinnati, Head Coach Vance Joseph said he is confident in Isaac Yiadom's ability to fill the void.
"He did a fine job [against Pittsburgh]," Joseph said. "He had one play where his eyes were bad, and he kind of bounced back from that and played very solid. They obviously went at him a couple times testing the waters, as they should. He responded and played with confidence. With a week of practice, he will play solid football for us. We'll see where Brock is as the week progresses, but if Isaac's playing, I'm very comfortable."


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Submitted by John Garratt on August 17, 2018
Shearwater Group plc is acquiring independent UK-based cyber security solutions company Brookcourt for £30.3m. Established in 2005, Brookcourt has multiple FTSE 100 and FTSE 250 customers across a variety of industry sectors. Phil Higgins, co-founder and chief executive officer of Brookcourt, along with his executive team, will be staying on to run the firm.
For the financial year ended 31 March 2017, Brookcourt generated unaudited revenue of £22.2m and EBITDA of £2.8m. For the 12 months ended 31 March 2018, Brookcourt made unaudited sales of £20.9m and an adjusted EBITDA of £2m.
The lower year-on-year figures have been put down to "increased business development activity during the year", which has resulted in a "number of significant new customer contract wins falling into financial year ending 2019".
Shearwater, which has recently acquired other cyber security services firms, said the deal would "substantially broaden" the group's cyber security solutions and services capability, and "facilitate access to a complementary, large enterprise client base".
Over the last 18 months, Shearwater has acquired GeoLang for £1.7m, SecurEnvoy for £20m and Newable Consulting for £600,000.
Shearwater said it would be retaining existing Brookcourt management to lead the expansion of the operation, and support the further development of the business' cyber security and managed service solutions.
The purchase includes £22.95m in cash and £7.35m in shares. Shearwater is proposing to fund the deal through raising between £25m and £30m from the placing of new ordinary shares, and a separate £1m open offer of new ordinary shares.
David Williams, chairman of Shearwater, said: "This transformational acquisition provides us with a substantial platform from which we can grow organically and by further acquisitions. One of the key elements of our buy and build strategy is that the management teams stay with the business and become active parts of the enlarged group.
"This transaction will also bring a step change in our scale and breadth of offering, and notably it will make us cashflow positive following completion."


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Tantrums and Glitter have come up with the idea of blog a day. I've seen things like this before and have always wanted to join in so I'm going to try my best with this one!
Today is Favourite Quote.
I have so many quotes that I love but if I have to choose one it would be this one from Albus Dumledore in Harry Potter


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Posted on October 19, 2010 Updated on October 19, 2010
I've just uploaded two of my recent published games: Draco and CubeHunt.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged AS3, competition, CubeHunt, Draco, Flash, Game, glBasic.
Posted on April 22, 2010
"A script engine written in AS3 which provides multithreading functionality for parallel execution of code. That is, scripted events."
Google Code link.
This entry was posted in Flash and tagged AS3, script.


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This article has been viewed 101 times.


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What you get?
- 4 well organized and named layered PSD 3600×2400 px
- 3 different foil and plastic food package bags
- Help file included
Useful for presentation of your product in any way, web or print, to create product illustrations and teasers. PSD is easy to use, just insert your texture into 'texture' Smart Object and save it!
Designs in the preview image are used for display purposes only and not included.


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Your Local Scheme
Sherrington Road
Scheme information
Existing Scheme dropped interest from the local community due to very low crime rate. With the potential for the Broomhill Lido to re-open in the next few years, the Co-ordinator has taken a positive role to get to know the community. The Co-ordinator has viewed the property as one to live in for a long time and wanted to develop better relationships with people who use the street and to get better links with the Sherrington Road Library.
- the scheme doesn't have a website