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Microsoft has confirmed that it will not require users to buy extra licences if they use new dual-core processors, expected to appear early next year.
The decision to move away from its per-CPU licence model will come as a relief to Intel and AMD - who will push the new chips heavily - and end users who faced a hefty bill for using the technology. It was, however, the only commonsense decision for the software giant to make.
Previously, Microsoft has refused to comment on how it will license software for chips with more than one core, but under a revised software licensing policy, Microsoft will now consider dual or multi-core processors as a single chip, said Cori Hartje, director of marketing and readiness with Microsoft's worldwide licensing and pricing group. "What we're trying to do here is make sure that customers can upgrade to this new technology without having to pay a premium for software costs," she said.
The announcement means that customers who purchase a number of Microsoft products that are licensed on a per-processor basis, including Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft BizTalk Server, will not see a sudden jump in licensing fees as they move to dual-core processors.
Licensing policy for products like Windows Server 2003 or Exchange Server, which require more expensive "Enterprise" licensing when they run on systems with more than four processors, will remain unchanged, Hartje said. "You could certainly use four dual-core processors and still be using a Standard Edition," she said.
In recent years, microprocessor vendors have begun designing chips with more than one processing unit, or "core", on the chip in an effort to boost performance for certain types of applications. As far as the software running on the systems is concerned, dual-core chips appear to be two separate processors, raising the question of whether or not they should require two software licences.
To date, there have been different answers to this question. Oracle's licensing policy for example treats dual-core chips as if they are two separate processors, while Red Hat has taken the opposite tack.
Microsoft's policy will come as a relief to the hardware vendors, worried that unfavorable licensing terms could hamper the adoption of their dual-core designs, said Kevin Krewell, editor in chief of Microprocessor Report.
The policy will also put pressure on Oracle and other software vendors to adopt a similar approach. "It will make Microsoft's solutions in these multi-core processors more cost-effective than competing Oracle solutions," Krewell said. "It's certainly going to be the solution to this issue that all the hardware vendors are going to point to. They're going to point to Microsoft and say, 'Microsoft has decided that per-processor is the right way to go, why can't others decide the same thing?'"


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Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
Volume 2012, Article ID 737013, 11 pages
An Electrochemical Study of Two Self-Dopable Water-Soluble Aniline Derivatives: Electrochemical Deposition of Copolymers
Electroactive Polymers Department, "P. Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
Received 28 November 2011; Accepted 19 January 2012
Academic Editor: Miguel de la Guardia
Copyright © 2012 Loredana Vacareanu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
An electrochemical study of two water-soluble aniline derivatives, N-(3-sulfopropyl) aniline (AnPS) and N-(3-sulfopropyl) p-aminodiphenylamine (DAnPS), in aqueous acidic electrolytic solutions containing different kinds of doping anions (, , and ) was carried out. At sufficiently high anodic potential, the sulfonated aniline derivatives undergo oxidation processes yielding cation-radical and dimer intermediates, but no polymer deposition was observed on the working electrode surface. Experimental results showed that both aniline derivatives are electroactive compounds exhibiting redox behaviour in the range of potential of −0.2 V–1.6 V. Due to the self-doping effect induced by sulfonic groups, AnPS and DAnPS compounds have good electroactivity even in neat water solution. By adding a small amount of aniline into electrolytic system, thin layers of copolymers were deposited on the working electrode surface. The copolymer layers formed on the electrodes show a highly orientational and positional order, confirmed by AFM and XRD spectroscopic techniques. During the anodic oxidation processes some distinct colour changes were observed.
1. Introduction
Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most promising materials from a technological standpoint because it hacs a high conductivity, can be easily synthesized, has well-behaved electrochemistry (the colour changes depending on the redox state), and is stable under ambient conditions. However, the low solubility in common organic solvents and the strong dependence of its electrical conductivity on the pH of the electrolytic medium (which falls almost to zero at pH higher than 3) [1] are inherent problems that should be overcome [2]. In this context, great efforts have been made towards the synthesis of modified structure of the PAni, either from (electro)polymerization of suitable substituted monomers [3–8] or from the interaction of functional groups after synthesis of the polymers [9].
The (electro)oxidation mechanism and the kinetics of the poly(N-alkylaniline) synthesis in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions have been the subject of numerous investigations devoted to identify the steps of the electropolymerization process [10–14]. An EC mechanism for electrooxidation of N-substituted anilines based by in situ UV-Vis spectroelectroscopy had been proposed [5–8], and based on this mechanism it had been reported that the formation of primary radical cation is the rate-limiting step in electrochemical oxidation of aniline. The radical-radical coupling, proton release, and further electrochemical oxidation steps lead to the oligomers generation. The high solubility of monomers and polymers based on N-alkylaniline substituted with acidic groups in organic medium and even in water is due to the chain length of the alkyl group [15] and to the presence of the acidic groups such as carboxyl [16–20], sulfonic [4–8, 21–25] and phosphoric [26]. Furthermore, the acidic groups can react with imine nitrogen to form polarons, which are the charge carriers of doped PAni. The self-doped effect differs from external doping effect of protonic acid and will provide higher electrochemical activity and electric conductivity than conventional PAni in nonaqueous or neutral and basic system, because self-protonation is independent of external protonation in a broad pH range [25, 26].
In order to obtain sulfonated self-doped polyanilines, possessing different solubility and enhanced properties, the chemical or electrochemical copolymerization reactions are the best ways, by choosing the comonomer ratio and appropriate (electro)polymerization conditions [27]. Fortunately, an addition of a small amount of unsulfonated aniline monomer into a polymerization solution containing sulfonated monomer leads to formation of self-doped copolymers which can be either soluble or insoluble depending on the molar ratio of sulfonated and unsulfonated monomer units in the resulting copolymer backbone.
In this paper we present an electrochemical study of two aniline derivatives, N-(3-sulfopropyl) p-aminodiphenylamine (DAnPS) and N-(3-sulfopropyl) aniline acid (AnPS), in acidic aqueous solutions such as H2SO4, HCl, and HClO4 and even in neat water. Due to the lack of the solubility of the DAnPS, the cyclic voltammograms were recorded in a mixture containing DMF as organic solvent and an acidic aqueous solution. To our knowledge, based on the literature data, the DAnPS's electrochemical properties were not investigated until now.
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
Aniline was double-distilled under reduced pressure just before use and stored in the dark and in a nitrogen atmosphere. N-(3-sulfopropyl) aniline (AnPS) and N-(3-sulfopropyl) p-aminodiphenylamine (DAnPS) were synthesized according to the literature [27, 28], and the synthetic procedure and characterization were presented elsewhere [27]. In all electrochemical studies three electrolyte solutions were employed such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), perchloric acid (HClO4), and sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and these were prepared using bidistilled water. Lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) used as electrolyte in cyclic voltammetry studies, was purchased from Aldrich. Dimethylformamide (DMF) and other solvents (all from Aldrich) are commercial products and were used as received or dried by usual methods and distilled under reduced pressure.
2.2. Instruments
Electrochemical studies of aniline derivatives were carried out using a bioanalytical systems, Potentiostat-Galvanostat (BAS 100 B/W). The experiments were performed in a one-compartment cell using a standard three-electrode cell arrangement, including a working electrode, an auxiliary electrode (platinum wire), and a reference electrode (consisted of a silver wire coated with AgCl). A disk-shape Pt electrode (1.6 mm diameter), Pt rectangular plate (1.0 × 0.5 cm2 area) and a square transparent glass-ITO electrode (2.5 × 2.5 cm2 area), were used as working electrodes. Before each experiment, the Pt working electrodes were cleaned by polishing successively with 0.3 and 0.05 μm Al2O3 slurry on emery paper to a mirror finish and then washed with methanol and bidistilled water. The working electrode potential was always measured against an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The reference electrode (Ag/AgCl) was calibrated at the beginning of the experiments by running the CV of ferrocene as the internal standard in an identical cell without any monomer in the system ( V versus the Ag/AgCl). Before each experiment the electrolyte solutions were degassed by bubbling argon for 3 minutes. All electrochemical experiments were carried out in stationary solutions and at room temperature (about 25°C).
XRD measurements were performed with a Bruker AD8 ADVANCE diffractometer. The X-ray beam was CuKα1 (1.5406 Å) radiation operating from a sealed tube operated at 40.0 kV and 30 mA. Data from 3° to 50° (2θ) were obtained using Bragg-Brentano geometry at a scan rate 1.0 deg/min.
The morphology of the films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a MultiView 4000 Nanonics System, working in noncontact mode using probes with the resonance frequency of 38–40 kHz.
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Electrochemical Behaviour of AnPS and DAnPS
The detailed synthesis procedure and structural characterization of the AnPS was reported in the literature [27]. Unlike aniline, AnPS has the advantage water soluble and maintaining its redox activity even at neutral pH. A mechanism for electrooxidation of AnPS, based on in situ UV-Vis investigation was already proposed in the literature [25, 28, 29]. The second monomer, DAnPS, was synthesized by ring opening reaction of 1,3-propanesultone and addition to N-phenyl-1,4-phenylendiamine in acetonitrile, at 100°C for 12 h. Although there are some reports that describe the spectroelectrochemical behaviour of AnPS [30], the electrochemical behaviour of the N-alkyl-sulfonated dimer, DAnPS, was not studied until now, and the redox behaviour is reported here, for the first time. The chemical structures of the aniline derivatives employed in this electrochemical study are depicted in Figure 1.
The DAnPS structure can be viewed as a dimer of aniline with an AnPS unit. Although the presence of the sulfopropyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom increases the water solubility of AnPS, the DAnPS is insoluble in water due to the hydrophobic effect of the second phenyl substituent. The solubility of DAnPS sample follows the following order: DMSO > DMF ⋙ acidic aqueous solutions. Thus, the electrochemical studies of the DAnPS were performed in a mixture consisting of DMF and aqueous acidic solutions.
The multicyclic voltammograms of DAnPS and AnPS in bidistillated water (free of any supporting electrolyte) on the disk-shaped Pt electrode were recorded by sweeping the working electrode potential between −0.2 V (0.0 V) and 1.6 V (1.2 V), respectively, at a constant rate of 50 mV s−1 (Figure 2). DAnPS has a poor solubility in bidistillated water and forms blue-white water dispersion. By submission of this dispersion to cyclic voltammetry measurements, the current intensity-potential curve recorded at the Pt electrode exhibits one anodic peak and two cathodic peaks corresponding to the oxidation and reduction processes (Figure 2(a)).
By increasing the number of the scans, the anodic current peak intensity decreases. Thus, the first forward scan shows that the onset of oxidation process of DAnPS occurs at 0.118 V, and the peak is centred at 0.569 V (versus Ag/AgCl). Some cation-radical species generated during the oxidation process are reduced on the reverse scanning, and two broad cathodic peaks at 0.145 V and −0.091 V are observed.
Unlike DAnPS, the water-soluble AnPS, exhibits only one broad anodic peak on the subsequent cycles (Figure 2(b)). At the end of the 20th cycle, the AnPS-water solution became green and no deposition product was observed on the electrode surface. Soluble ECE reactions products are formed, but they diffuse into the bulk solution.
Using a solution containing 1.0 mM DAnPS in organic solvent (DMF or DMSO), free of any electrolyte support, the monomer is free of electrochemical activity. This behaviour can be explained by the fact that in water some sulfonated groups (–SO3H) exist in a dissociated form giving to monomers zwitterionic structures, while in the organic solvent the sulfonated groups are nondissociated (Figure 3). Thus, in water DAnPS and AnPS derivatives contain in their ionisable structure negatively charged functional group, which acts as an inner dopant anion reducing the need for external dopants. In acidic solutions, the amine and quinonimine groups are charged, and thus the negative charge of the sulfonated group is compensated [28].
By using LiClO4 as supporting electrolyte, DAnPS exhibits reversible cyclic voltammogram curves (Figure 4). It can be observed that a reversible redox couple appears with an oxidation peak located at 0.525 V and the reduction peak located at 0.435 V (versus Ag/AgCl). The midpoint potential () is the average value of anodic and cathodic potential peaks and in this case is 0.480 V.
The second anodic peak is located at 1.027 V and can be assigned to the second oxidation process of DAnPS. No oxidation peak was observed up to a potential of 1.400 V on the anodic scan.
In Figure 5 are presented the multicyclic voltammograms of DAnPS and AnPS, using three acidic aqueous solutions as electrolytic medium. Due to the lack of the solubility in aqueous acidic solvents, the electrochemical characterization of DAnPS was carried out in the mixtures of DMF-acidic aqueous solution. Thus, three electrolytic mixtures: (a) DMF-HCl (1 M), (b) DMF-H2SO4 (1 M), and (c) DMF-HClO4 (1 M) were employed. The potential of the working electrode was swept in the range of −0.2 V–1.6 V, with a scan rate of 50 mV s−1.
In DMF-HCl (1 M) mixture, the CV of the DAnPS (1.0 mM) exhibits on the first scan two anodic peaks associated to monomer oxidation processes. The second anodic peak cannot be observed in this CV because its current intensity is very high (Figure 5(a)). After the 7th cycle the anodic currents peak intensities decreased, and the peak associated with the second oxidation processes can be observed at 1.474 V. On the reverse scanning, DAnPS exhibits two cathodic peaks located at 0.431 V and 0.937 V being caused by the reduction of the oxidized species. All currents peak intensities decrease with the increasing of the number of scans. All the electrochemical data are summarized in Table 1.
In H2SO4 and in HClO4 aqueous solutions (1 M), DAnPS exhibits two anodic peaks at 0.552 V and 1.075 V, and 0.544 V and 1.064 V, respectively, on the first scan. On the reverse scanning, only one cathodic peak appears at 0.454 V (in H2SO4 aqueous solution) and 0.455 V (in HClO4 aqueous solution). It can be noticed that the first oxidation-reduction couple is reversible, and this is confirmed by the value of the ratio between the first anodic and cathodic peaks currents intensities of 1.16 (Figure 5(b)) and 1.17 (Figure 5(c)).
Taking into account the electrooxidation mechanism of 4-aminodiphenylamine in acetonitrile, it can be stated that the first one-electron transfer peak of DAnPS gives rise to a cation radical that later undergoes irreversible follow-up deprotonation to give a radical which then undergoes another electron transfer involving an ECE mechanism [31, 32]. In both cases, using H2SO4 and in HClO4 aqueous solutions, on subsequent cycling, a decrease in the intensity of the first oxidation peak current can be noticed, while the intensity of the second oxidation peak current increases. Initially, the colour of the DAnPS-acidic aqueous-DMF mixture is blue and at the end of the 20th cycles became dark-blue coloured, and no deposition product was observed on the working electrode surface. A dark blue soluble reaction product was observed, but it diffuses into the bulk solution.
Scheme 1 presents the proposed mechanism of the oxidation process of the DAnPS monomer, at the Pt electrode.
The negative shift of the first redox couple compared to N-phenyl-1,4-phenylendiamine can be explained by the fact that the anodic oxidation of the DAnPS derivative is influenced by the presence of the bulky propyl-sulfonic acid group attached directly to the nitrogen atom. From the electrochemical data reported in the literature, in 1 M HCl and at Pt electrode, anodic oxidation of N-phenyl-1, 4-phenylendiamine exhibits one anodic peak centered at around 0.77 V, on the first forward scan, and one small cathodic peak at 0.74 V on the reverse [33]. In other words, it might be possible that only one-electron process occurs at the Pt electrode, in the first stage. The first electron migrates from the free nitrogen atom generating the first anodic peak, due to the different electroactivity of the two nitrogen atoms. The second anodic peak can be generated by the second one-electron oxidation process at the second nitrogen atom from the DAnPS molecule. The propyl-sulfonic group has an electron-withdrawing character which decreases the charge delocalization at the aniline ring, and thus, the electrons from the second nitrogen atom are less available for oxidation. Thus, the second one-electron oxidation process occurs at higher anodic potential than the first one.
In Figure 5 are represented the cyclic voltammograms of the AnPS (1.0 mM) recorded at Pt electrode, in HCl (a′), H2SO4 (b′), and HClO4 (c′) aqueous solution. In HCl (1 M) electrolysis medium, AnPS presents on the first scan two anodic peaks appearing at 1.051 V and 1.363 V, which corresponds to the oxidation processes of the monomer. On the reverse scan, the cathodic peak located at 0.390 V can be assigned to the reduction of the oxidized species at the electrode-solution interface. The low charge recorded for the cathodic peak can be related with the possibility that those molecules that are oxidized at positive potential at the end of the electron-transfer reaction could react through chemical reactions. During the recording of the subsequent cycles in the CVs two new anodic peaks appear at 0.533 V and 0.673 V, and their current intensities increase with increasing of the number of scans. The anodic currents intensity peaks of the first cycle are diminished with increasing the scanning number. The appearance of the new oxidation peaks suggests the formation of new species on the electrode surface, while the monomer is consumed. At the end of the 20th cycle, a bluish-green-coloured product was easily eluted into bulk solution from the electrode. No film was observed on the electrode surface and this can be explained by the fact that the presence of the alkyl chain and the sulfonate groups increase the solubility of the polymer. An explanation for the impossibility of obtaining the electrodeposited polymer film was given by Malinauskas et al. [4–8, 30]. They admit the fact that the oligomer formation from N-(3-sulfopropyl) aniline (AnPS) alone should have positively charged nitrogen atom which makes it extremely soluble in water and aqueous electrolytic medium. The deposition of the film was hardly observed even with increasing the monomer concentration.
It is well known that the potential value needed for a polymer, oligomer, or monomer to be oxidized follows this order: . Similar consideration can be applied to the substituted monomers reported herein. Since the dimer has a lower potential than the monomer and so the DAnPS is much easier to oxidize than AnPS, it can be stated that those new peaks which appear on the subsequent AnPS's cyclic voltammograms correspond to the AnPS dimer formation on the working electrode.
The cyclic voltammograms of AnPS recorded in H2SO4 (1 M) and HClO4 (1 M) show approximately the same behaviour as in HCl electrolyte medium, except the fact that the second anodic peaks are not very well distinguished, more broad, and overlapped on the first anodic one. This suggests the low stability of the cation-radical intermediate (AnPS+*) formed in the first oxidation. The radical cation intermediate generated at the surface of electrode can react with another cation-radical to form a dimer. The dimer is then oxidized in one step to diimine quinoid form with participation of two electrons, at a lower oxidation potential in comparison with AnPS monomer.
The low stability of the cation-radical intermediate can be related with the presence in the electrolyte medium of and anions. Due to the presence of the bulky propyl-sulfonic group attached to the molecule, the large and anions could not move easily in order to compensate the negatively charged nitrogen. In case of Cl− anions, the doping process occurred and the intermediate formed during the anodic oxidation is more stable and undergoes further electrooxidation or chemical process. On the reverse scanning, one broad cathodic peak appears at 0.399 V (in H2SO4 aqueous solution) and 0.522 V (in HClO4 aqueous solution) that can be assigned to reduction process of the oxidized species at the Pt surface. In addition, in aqueous solution the first cathodic peak that corresponds to the second anodic one is overlapped on the first cathodic peak or hardly detectable. At the end of the 20th cycle, the electrolysis medium became dark-blue coloured and no deposition product was observed on the electrode surface. Dark blue soluble reaction products were observed, and they diffuse into the bulk solution.
The oxidation processes of sulfonated N-alkylaniline take place at higher anodic potential with peak values included in 0.960–1.051 V range, in comparison with N-methyl aniline for which it was reported that the CVs show three anodic peaks located at 0.68 V, 0.74 V, and 0.86 V. This can be correlated with the presence of the bulky N-propane sulfonic acid group. The sulfonic group () attached to the nitrogen atom has a strong electron-withdrawing character, and in combination with the steric effects, will increase the oxidizing potential of the aniline monomer [34].
During the oxidation process, the AnPS monomer exhibits an electrochromic behaviour, being yellow at low potential value and passing through green and blue to black at higher potentials (up to 1.0 V) (Figure 6).
3.2. Electrochemical Deposition of Copolymers Thin Layers
The simple and efficient way to obtain sulfonated self-doped polyanilines, possessing different solubility and enhanced properties, is chemical or electrochemical copolymerization reactions. Sulfonated copolyanilines can be obtained by choosing the ratio between monomers and appropriate (electro)polymerization conditions [27].
In an attempt to synthesize AnPS, by taking an excess of aniline in reaction with 1, 3-propanesultone, a mixture of AnPS and aniline was obtained that couldnot be separated by ordinary separation techniques. An explication for this can be the coexistence of the AnPS and aniline monomers as an acid-base complex in which the NH2 group of aniline is protonated by the sulfonic acid of AnPS. The ratio between these two monomers was calculated from the 1H NMR spectra and is 1 : 0.75 AnPs to aniline. By submission of this monomer mixture to electrochemical measurements, the cyclic voltammograms recorded with a Pt plate and ITO-glass as working electrodes in H2SO4 (1 M) aqueous solution present on the first cycle one anodic peak and two cathodic peaks which correspond to oxidation and reduction processes of the AnPS monomer.
In case of a mixture containing both AnPS and aniline is expected that the electrooxidation and the polymerization process, respectively, be more complex because, besides the anodic oxidation and chemical coupling of AnPS monomer the redox processes characteristic of aniline must be taken into account. From the cyclic voltammograms recorded at Pt plate electrode (Figure 7(a)) it can be seen that during the first anodic scan a single peak at 1.008 V and two cathodic peaks at 0.581 V and 0.489 V appear. These peaks are characteristic to oxidation and reduction of AnPS monomer and in the presence of a small amount of aniline the cation-radical formed in the first oxidation process represents the promoting intermediate of the electro-co-polymerization reaction. By increase the number of the scans the current intensities of redox couples increases and new oxidation and reduction peaks appears. The appearance of new oxidation and reduction peaks at lower values of potentials and the increasing of the current intensities confirm the deposition of a thin layer of polymer on the working electrode surface.
Overall, the electrochemical growth of the copolymer on the working electrode employing cyclic voltammetry is significantly different in the electrochemical behaviour of the AnPS and aniline individually. Moreover, the appearance of new redox couple 0.330 V/0.250 V in the cyclic voltammograms of the AnPS: aniline mixture marks the formation of a thin layer of copolymer because this does not appear in the cyclic voltammograms of the deposited polyaniline. The cyclic voltammograms recorded at ITO-glass electrode are characterized by oxidation and reduction large peaks and their current intensities increase with the number of scans (Figure 7(b)). In both cases, at the end of the 20th cycles, on working electrode surface a thin layer of blue-green polymer was observed.
The data regarding the morphology and roughness of the thin layer deposited on Pt electrode was provided by AFM technique. In Figure 8 the thin layer topography (2D and 3D images) and section profile can be seen. It can be observed that the organization of the polymer structure formed by electrochemical polymerization is very compact and "granular", and granules formed have an uneven distribution of size, and the roughness layer is high. The data provided by the software device confirm the higher roughness of the layer, being characterized by the following parameters: root mean square (Sq) = 128.355 nm and average roughness (Sa) = 100.538 nm.
This thin green copolymer layer deposited on Pt electrode was not soluble in any of the organic solvents. Trying to obtain soluble polymer a mixture consisting of DAnPS and aniline as comonomers was submitted on cyclic voltammetry measurements, with 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 feed ratios. The cyclic voltammograms recorded at Pt electrode and transparent ITO-glass electrodes in DMF-HCl (1 M) aqueous solution are presented in Figure 9. In the first case, at the echimolar ratio between monomers, no polymer layer was observed on the electrode surface at the end of the 20th cycles. A thin copolymer layer deposited on the electrode surface by cycling the potential between 0.0 V and 1.5 V in DMF-HCl aqueous solution (1 M) was observed when the ratio between DAnPS and aniline was 1 : 3.
The recorded cyclic voltammograms are irreversible. The mechanism of electrochemical polymerization of this mixture is very complex, and thus, it cannot be stated if DAnPS monomer is responsible for the appearance of these peaks. Continuing with the scanning on the same potential range, the redox current intensities fall gradually during the 10 cycles. At the end of the 10th cycles a blue-green thin layer copolymer was observed deposited on the Pt electrode surface.
All attempts to get an adherent copolymer layer at the electrode surface by using the same system but from the aqueous H2SO4 (1 M) solution failed because, at the end of 10 cycles, the reaction products formed at the electrode are dispersed in solution. In Figure 9(b) are presented the cyclic voltammograms recorded at transparent ITO-glass electrode. Potential-current intensity curves are characterized by anodic and cathodic peaks; both are broad, with the maximum shifted slightly in positive direction for anodic peak and negative values for cathodic peak. The recorded cyclic voltammograms are irreversible. Anode and cathode currents intensities decrease slightly with increasing of the number of scans.
The poly(DAnPS-co-An) deposited on ITO-glass electrode surface by electrochemical polymerization has a dense and compact structure with granular morphology, whose size has a uniform distribution (Figure 10). Data provided by the AFM software device shows that, compared with the precedent case (poly(AnPS-co-An)), the thin layer of poly(DAnPS-co-An) has a smaller roughness which is characterized by the following parameters: root mean square (Sq) = 22.45 nm and average roughness (Sa) = 14.41 nm.
Analyzing the thin layers by X-ray technique, results that both copolymers (poly(AnPS-co-An) and poly(DAnPS-co-An)) obtained by deposition on glass-ITO electrode by electrochemical polymerization present a neat structure with crystalline regions (Figure 11).
The development of the highly ordered structures for self-doped poly(aniline-N alkanesulfonate)s was evidenced by Kim et al. [28]. The copolymers formed on working electrodes, by electrochemical synthesis, are characterized by a highly orientational and positional order associated with ionic interactions between alkylsulfonates groups and polyaniline main chain. Our group synthesized homopolymers and copolymers based on N-(3-sulfopropyl) aniline acid by chemical oxidative polymerization, and the XRD analysis revealed that the homopolymers and even the copolymers have a highly ordered structure indicating a high degree of crystallinity [27].
4. Conclusions
In summary, the cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical behaviour of two N-substituted aniline derivatives containing sulfonic acid group attached at the nitrogen atoms through a spacer consisting of a three methylene units. The cyclic voltammetric measurements were carried out in three electrolytic aqueous solutions such as 1 M H2SO4, 1 M HCl, and 1 M HClO4, employing two working electrodes such as Pt (disk-shaped and rectangular plate) and transparent ITO-glass electrode. Due to the self-doping effect of the sulfonic groups, AnPS and DAnPS (partially) have good electroactivity in neat water solution. Experimental results showed that both aniline derivatives are electroactive species exhibiting redox peaks in the −0.2 V and 1.6 V potential ranges, and the shape of CVs recorded, and the redox process of aniline derivatives, respectively, are influenced by the anions nature. During the anodic oxidation processes noticeable colour changes at the electrode take place while soluble reaction products are formed and diffuse into the bulk solution. Due to the high solubility of oligomers formed during the oxidation processes, no homopolymer deposited on the electrode was observed. By adding small amount of aniline monomer into electrolytic system, thin, compact, and crystalline films of copolymers were deposited on the working electrode surface.
One of the authors (L. Vacareanu) acknowledges the financial support of the European Social Fund "Cristofor I. Simionescu" Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme (ID POSDRU/89/1.5/S/55216), and the Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources Development 2007–2013.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome message from Head of School, Professor Wim Meijer
Whether you have arrived at this page by accident or design, greetings, and welcome to the School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science.
SBBS is privileged to enjoy a community that is gender balanced, diverse, and international at all levels. Our staff and students come from all cultural and social backgrounds, offering a wealth of different life experiences and perspectives. These qualities are as valuable to us as our members' individual talents and abilities, as they all combine to produce an innovative and dynamic community that works together in the finest tradition of collaborative scientific curiosity. This is one of our School's finest characteristics and I strongly believe it is fundamental to our success.
We all share the responsibility of nurturing our community by respecting the needs and experiences of those working alongside us and valuing them for their contributions. As part of our School's commitment to the Athena Swan charter and the principles of equality, diversity, and inclusion, we have created these pages to bring together practical resources aimed at supporting all staff and students in their time at SBBS. Empowering all members to realise their full potential benefits everybody, so, whether you are already part of our community or considering joining us, I invite you to explore the sections below and see what makes SBBS one of the best places to work in UCD.
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A little about me….
In addition to my role as a lecturer and leader of my research group I am also the Chair of the Athena SWAN Self-assessment team, and consequently the Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) officer for the School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science.
Athena SWAN focusses predominantly on advancing the careers of women in science, technology engineering, maths and medicine (STEMM). Its overall remit is to ensure staff of all genders can reach their full potential and are fully included in the School.. The EDI role is broader and really is about maximising the inclusiveness of our school. My priority is to ensure that SBBS is a welcoming and inclusive place for everyone to work and study, so that women, men, transgender and gender non-binary people, and people from all backgrounds feel part of a happy and secure environment. The EDI officer role is a new initiative in SBBS, so I am lucky that I can mould and develop it as I go. I am looking forward to putting initiatives in place that enhance inclusion for all and help to shape policy in equality, diversity and inclusion in the school. I welcome suggestions on improving our inclusivity in the school, so if you have any ideas please let me know.
So what do I do?
With the help of the Athena SWAN committee, we are putting in place initiatives to improve the sense of community for everyone in the school, for example:
- Summer barbeque for the staff and PhD students
- Monthly coffee morning.
- Exhibition celebrating Women Scientists in SBBS.
As a means of improving career development for all, we are putting in place other initiatives including:
- Training and mentoring schemes for PhD students, Research staff and faculty members
- Mentoring network for admin staff across a number of Schools.
- Tracking exam performance of our students by gender and ethnicity.
I am looking forward to working with everyone in SBBS (staff and students) to improve our work-life balance and enable SBBS to be among the happiest workplaces in UCD!


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The hallowed list of worst network sitcom titles ever might have a new contender: NBC is developing a comedy titled #Winning. And if that name makes you wince, check out the dozen or so other famously bad sitcom titles below that are arguably worse.
The NBC project is inspired by an apparently true story where a trio of friends learned that their "suddenly famous pal broke up with their entire friend group via a form letter, leaving them more determined than ever to 'win' at life."
Setting the concept aside, let's take on that title (which could change—this project is only at the script stage and might not even make it to air).
First, the show risks being a sacrificial victim to the irony gods. It really has to be perfect to not have critics throwing up headlines like: "Not Exactly '#Winning.'"
Plus, "winning" enjoyed a usage spike during Charlie Sheen's meltdown three years ago when the actor was fired from CBS' Two and a Half Men. Nowadays it's far from trendy, yet is still vaguely associated with that mess (and the fact that Sheen is a former network sitcom star makes for bonus confusion when using the term for a new sitcom title).
And then there's that hashtag. Haven't networks learned from CBS' $#*! My Dad Says and ABC's Selfie yet? Broadcast TV trying using social media-inspired titles just feels like a dad dressing like a teenager.
#Winning has company. In addition to $#*! and Selfie, here are at about a dozen sitcoms with notably lousy names (and a curiously outsized number have aired on ABC).
1965: NBC's still-infamous My Mother the Car (a guy's car is the reincarnation of his dead mom).
1968: ABC's cross-dressing comedy The Ugliest Girl in Town.
1995: UPN's off-putting Pig Sty (about male roommates, of course).
1997: UPN's Hitz (Andrew Dice Clay working at a radio label).
1998: ABC's rambling and quasi-suggestive Two Guys, a Girl, and a Pizza Place.
1999: ABC's indecisive-sounding airhead-y It's Like, You Know… and UPN's never-surpassed awesomely bad Shasta McNasty.
2006: There was CBS' Love Monkey, and ABC's Emily's Reasons Why Not (axed after just one episode).
2009: ABC's Cougar Town, which proves not all bad titles result in a show flopping. Cougar Town delivered a large initial audience, but it forever seemed like the series had to fight an uphill battle against its own name, one that series creator Bill Lawrence publicly mulled changing.
2011: Fox had its truly spiteful sounding I Hate My Teenage Daughter (also had Traffic Light, which was pretty lousy too).
2013: ABC double-struck with Trophy Wife and the parenthetical nightmare How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life). I should also point out ABC's Don't Trust the B—- in Apt. 23 (but I've always had a soft spot for that title, despite its awkwardness).
The thing is, it's often hard to tell if a title is truly bad or simply bad-ish in good-ish way. Networks have to walk that fine line between having titles that pop and grab your attention, without actively turning you off (marketing folks will tell you that vague, forgettable titles are far worse than "bad" ones).
Before the season started, broadcast network research polls found that potential viewers were reacting negatively to the title of ABC's Black-ish — yet the freshman sitcom has still performed well. If Black-ish had flopped, pundits would have surely pointed to the title as one reason for its demise. There's nothing like a little success to make a challenging title look a whole lot better.


text:
Chinua Achebe's Fifth Novel Term Paper
Pages: 10 (4071 words) · Bibliography Sources: 1 · File: .docx · Level: Master's · Topic: Literature
for $19.77
[. . .] Beatrice has drawn praise from Ikem for the "odd short story and poem" she has written. Ikem is an admired poet as well as a journalist, and his prose-poem "Hymn to the Sun" is held in higher regard by his friends than all of his crusading editorials. Only Chris, the former editor of the Gazette, does not produce literature (this is only one of the ways that Achebe shows that Chris does not see what is happening around him). Not until he is on the bus heading north and he looks at Ikem's "Hymn to the Sun" again does he begin to learn how to read literature, and to see with the clarity of a writer. The poem reveals "in details he had not before experienced how the searing accuracy of the poet's eye was primed not on fancy but fact."
But even literary writing can be corrupted if the desire for fame overrides the desire to express truth. The most pointed commentary on mass media and its influence is the poetry magazine Reject, edited by Dick in Soho, London. Reject was intended to publish only poetry that had been rejected by other magazines. The editors soon learned that many people were so hungry to appear in print that they were willing to write fake rejection slips to accompany their submissions. Even a magazine designed to offer rejected work cannot be trusted to be genuine.
As he demonstrates in all of his novels, Achebe reveres oral literature and the honest spoken word. Many critics of Anthills of the Savannah have pointed out that the lines spoken in pidgin by various characters of less education often contain the essential wisdom and truth of the culture. Proverbs, snatches of song, and the myth of the priestess Idemili all are presented as demonstrating the goodness and strength of the Kangan people, far removed from the sophisticated upper-class Westernized government officials.
In the ninth chapter, the Abazon elder honors Ikem for his work on behalf of his people, although he has not read Ikem's writing, "because I do not know ABC." The elder praises those who "tell their fellows that the time to get up has finally come," and also those who, "when the struggle is ended...take over and recount its story." With his editorials and his poetry, Ikem is prepared to do both. The elder continues:
"The sounding of the battle-drum is important; the fierce waging of the war itself is important; and the telling of the story afterwards -- each is important in its own way...But if you ask me which of them takes the eagle-feather I will say boldly: the story."
Three chapters later, Ikem delivers his own oration, before a large crowd at the University of Bassa. He has been fired from the newspaper, but follows Beatrice's suggestion that "if you can't write you can surely get up and talk." Like the Abazon elder, whose voice has "such compelling power and magic" that everyone is captivated, Ikem gives a speech that is "so powerfully spoken it took on the nature and scope of an epic prose-poem." It is this oral presentation, far more than anything he has ever written in the Gazette, that moves the government to silence him.
Throughout the novel, Ikem is the one among the three old friends who has retained the most of his youthful idealism and vision; the two others are played off him. Like the president, Ikem respects the power of the media, and is aware of his role in the spotlight. Although he has some of the president's sense of self-importance, Ikem tries to use his public forum for the greater good. Like Chris before him, Ikem is editor of the Gazette, and like Chris he initially approaches the job with no strong political conviction. But Ikem is politicized when he goes to watch a public execution, something Chris never did. Not until the end does Chris begin to see with "the poet's eye." Ikem has a better perspective on the media than the president does, he is a more effective journalist than Chris was, and he is a better poet than Beatrice. Ikem and the others face similar choices, but Ikem chooses the most nobly. This idea is reinforced by the novel's references to journalism and literature. He combines the best qualities of the other two, but in the end all three die.
Anthills of the Savannah is not a repudiation of journalism or of the notion of objectivity. Instead, Achebe calls for balance. Ikem writes dozens of impassioned editorials, but it is finally through his prose-poem that he connects with Chris, and through his speech that he poses a threat to the president. If Kangan is ever to be a just nation, its rulers and its people must combine old and new, objective and subjective, editorials and poetry. They must use both their heads and their hearts. The precise combination is beyond Achebe's Ken to describe.
Many readers of Anthills of the Savannah are left with a sense of hopelessness at the end of the novel. Three of the novel's four main characters have died senseless deaths, and the country is left in the throes of instability. Free of one military regime, it faces another, with no reason to believe that this one will be any better than the last two. Even so, Achebe weaves a story that is not completely devoid of optimism; there are elements of hope and unity, but the reader, like the people of Kangan, must search for them. There is a subtle spirituality running through the novel, and Achebe seems to suggest that the spirit of the people cannot be defeated, even by a series of dictators and corrupt governments. This enduring spirit is what binds the people together and maintains a sense of community that offers the weary Kangans a degree of stability and buoyancy.
Achebe, as the son of a missionary who has spent much of his life in Western cultures, is fully aware of the significance of the number three to the Christian belief system, and he uses it twice in Anthills of the Savannah. There are three male figures who dominate the novel: the dictator, Sam; the editor, Ikem; and the Commissioner of Information, Chris. The three men met in their early teenage years while attending the same school, yet each took a very different path in adulthood. They come from similar backgrounds, illustrating that predicting the course of a person's life is not a simple task. Achebe's group of three main characters do not represent religious figures, but they are three aspects of the same entity, and therefore comprise a sort of trinity. They make up a political system that will not work and is destined to fail. Sam represents power driven by self-interest. Ikem represents the desire for reform. He is outspoken and admired by the people, and prefers to do things his way without compromising. Chris represents efforts to work for good within the system. He is a good man in a bad regime, and he is idealistic enough to believe that by staying in the government he can serve his people. By the end, of course, the regime has been toppled, replaced by another that will surely be just like it. When a system dies, so do its components, and as representatives of different aspects of the failed system, each of the three men is killed -- Sam by another just like him, Ikem by his own peers, and Chris by an evil man who would rather murder than behave honorably.
The story also contains a female trinity in the characters of Beatrice, Elewa, and Amaechina. Beatrice is well-educated, sophisticated, and independent, and she holds an administrative position in the government. Beatrice represents the positive aspects of the present. Elewa is a common woman who is highly emotional and uneducated. She supports herself by working in a small shop. Elewa represents the past. Amaechina is Elewa's infant daughter, and although she does not appear until the end of the novel, she is potential embodied. As Ikem's daughter, she represents the meaning of her name, "May the Path Never Close." She is hope for the future, even though the future currently looks grim.
Beatrice and Elewa do not seem to have much in common, and readers may be surprised by their friendship. Their commitment to each other, however, is undeniable. Upon receiving the news of Chris's death, Beatrice is in complete shock. Achebe writes:
"In spite of her toughness Beatrice actually fared worse than Elewa in the first shock of bereavement. For weeks she sprawled in total devastation. Then one morning she rose up, as it were, and distanced herself from her thoughts. It was the morning of Elewa's threatened miscarriage. From that day she addressed herself to the well-being of the young woman through the remaining weeks to her confinement."
Despite their differences, Beatrice and Elewa have a… [END OF PREVIEW]
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text:
Last Saturday SwedCham celebrated 20 years in business with a Great Gatsby Gala at the Wanda Vista Hotel in Beijing. Since the start in 1998 with only 30 companies, SwedCham has grown into a community and a network, rich of the common expertise of close to 300 companies. Together with 200+ guests, we celebrated the achievements of the past with a exhibition of 20 stars that has contributed a little extra to the Chamber, and a bright future; enabled through the strong, dynamic and rich network, inspiring and close cooperation with other Chambers in the region as well as within the Team Sweden cooperation.
The gala was led by the Swedish journalist and tv-personality Ebba Kleberg Von Sydow, who welcomed the guests and spoke of her impressions of the vibrant Beijing and SwedCham's accomplishments during the last 20 years. "Only 20 years old?" Ebba stated, comparing SwedCham's development with Warren Buffets' who 20 years ago still was a salesman I Omaha, same goes for Hilary Clinton who was about to finish law school and Amazon Founder Jeff Bezos who still was flipping burgers McDonalds.
To make the gala night extra special we were also joined by Swedish chef Benny Adler who created an exquisite Swedish Gala menu that was served at the Gala. Benny Adler is currently the head chef at our member company and Purveyor to the Court, Rosers Hotel & Events and has previously been responsible for the menu at the Swedish King's 70th birthday, as well as the Swedish Pavilion at the Olympic Games in South Korea last winter. During the evening the guests could also enjoy beer from the Beijing based Swedish micro-brewery Arrow Factory as well as chilled drinks in an Absolute Vodka bar.
Birthday wishes and a positive vision for the future of SwedCham and future cooperation was presented from the speakers of the evening; Lars-Åke Severin, Chairman of the Swedish Chamber in China, The Ambassador of Sweden to China and Mongolia, Anna Lindstedt, Kristian Odebjer, Chairman of the Swedish Chamber in Hong Kong, David Hallgren, Trade Commissionaire of Sweden and through a sketch from Mats Harborn, President of the European Chamber of Commerce, together with Tommy Liu and Rolf Gren, founding fathers of the Chamber.
Every year the Chamber awards two people who have contributed a little extra to the Chamber. This year Birgitta Ed was awarded with the Chamber's Honorary Award, and Michelle Qin was awarded as the Young Professional of the year. In her speech, Michelle spoke of the digital development that China has gone through and how Swedish brands can be agile and adapt in this fast moving pace. "In only a few weeks, Alibaba will kick off the famous single day's event and it is only 10 years ago that the mega shopping day phenomena first started", speaking of the necessity to keep up with current trends and sharing experiences amongst professionals.
"In only a few weeks, Alibaba will kick off the famous single day's event and it is only 10 years ago that the mega shopping day phenomena first started" – Michelle Qin
A lot of prestigious entertainment entertained the guests during the gala night; saxophone music during the mingle, close up and stage magic from Rock the magician, a surprise flash mob from award winning Swedish swing dance group the Harlem Hot Shots and Swedish swing and jazz legendries' Movits! who jazzed it up on the dance floor.
During the mingle Rock the magician handed out golden tickets to some guests that had the opportunity to be a part of The Great Gatsby Raffle and win fantastic prices, sponsored by our member companies. Prices included two free participations in the 17th edition of Vasaloppet China sponsored by Nordic Ways and ping pong blades from Stiga Sports signed by legendary J-O Waldner, Kong Linghui, Malong, Xu xin, Fan Zhendong, Ma Long, Chen Meng and Zhu Yuling, limited Edition Karl Lagerfeldt champagne glasses from New Wave Group, free floats at the exquisite spa Floatasian in Shanghai and free hotel nights at Wanda Vista Beijing.
The celebration would not have been made possible without our Dragon Partners; Volvo Cars, Mannheimer Swartling, Syntronic, Atlas Copco, Finnair, Volvo Group and Handelsbanken. The gala was also sponsored by our Platinum Sponsors; SEB, PSU Consulting and Celemi, as well as our Diamond Sponsors; Rosers Hotel & Event, Danske Bank%


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"I first met Jacsen in September at the Overtime Battle Under The Bridge LES skate event. His skating immediately stood out as strong for a guy his size. Jacsen's dad was skating a YoFace 35″ so we clicked having the Bustin brand in common.
I started following Jacsen's skating through his active Instagram account. The second him and his dad expressed interest in our flow program I was all over it.
Jacsen, Curren Atterbury, and Luca Zeolla are all part of Bustin's increasing commitment to invest in future generations. Stay tuned for more updates on this unique component of our team"
– Rob Rodrigues
Home Town
Syracuse NY
What inspired you to start skating?
I thought it looked like a lot of fun when I saw kids skating at the park. Then on YouTube I saw Chopper from the Osaka Daggers and thought I want to skate like that guy, no rules.
What is you current set-up?
Grizzly Grip
Regal Hardware
139 mm Independent hollow trucks
55 mm OJ wheels 101a
Triple 8 helmet
What do you do when you're not skating?
I go to school, swim and play video games every once in a while
Do you have a favorite trick?
Fakie to Fakie Disco Flip on a bank or quarter
Crunchy Cheetos or Puffs?
Cheetos all day
Where is your favorite place to skate?
Locally my favorite street spot is Hanover square, it looks really cool and the bricks make it tricky. My favorite local park is Black Mamba, it's indoors and the people there are always really nice. To travel, FDR is fun and so is LES oh yeah and Heaven in CT.
What was your first board?
Birdhouse Tony Hawk 7.75 that I covered in stickers.
In your opinion, what does it mean to "Skate Everything"?
Skate whatever you want, however you want, on whatever you want, no limits.


text:
Damcon high clearance tractors
Damcon high clearance tractors
The Multitrike high clearance tractor of Damcon is a toolcarrier in high crops planted in rows. Heights up to 3 meter and row distances of 90 cm up to 150 cm or more are possible.
The Multitrike high clearance tractor is multifunctional. The high clearance tractors can be provided with various mounting attachments, for crop treatment as well as for tillage of soil. So all the different jobs can be done with one tractor. Thanks to the 3-wheel concept more than one row can be processed in one time.
The high clearance tractor found its way to growers of fruit trees, Christmas trees, shrubs, whips and conifers. Also strawberry growers and seed producers use the Multitrike.
The Multitrike is a cost saving tractor for spraying, weed control, pruning, fertilizing, tillage of soil and other jobs to be done.
Compared to normal nursing of plants; manual or 1 row, the Multitrike can do 3 or 4 rows in one turn.
Due to the modern spraying techniques like Dosatron and LVS, reduction on chemicals can be 50%
The high clearance tractor is designed by Damcon and has proven to be very reliable and maintenance friendly. Users from all over the world can confirm this. The machine can be serviced local by use of components of worldwide brands.


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"Grieving for the exiled thousands stranded in an inhospitable tract of Western Sahara, whose only escape is "music and imagination". Potent stuff."
(The guardian)
"Abbar el Hamada by Aziza is a commanding and compassionate musical statement about, and for, the tumultuous age in which we live."
(**** Songlines)
Voiced with deep passion and grace, Aziza Brahim's music adeptly travels the expanse between her Western Saharan roots and Barcelona, the European cosmopolis where she now lives. Aziza is both a contemporary sonic poet and a prominent and eloquent spokesperson for the Saharawi people and their ongoing struggle for recognition and justice.Born and raised in the Saharawi refugee camps lining the frontier between Algeria and Western Sahara, Aziza's life has been marked by both daunting hardship and inspired will. Fleeing from these camps and the regime of political oppression that followed Morocco's 1975 invasion of Western Sahara, as a young teenager Aziza travelled to Cuba for her secondary school studies. There she experienced first hand the deep Cuban economic crisis of the 1990s and the subsequent denial of her request to pursue a university degree in music.
Music had been Aziza's passion since she was a small girl and despite this setback she returned to the Saharawi camps in Algeria and began singing and playing in different musical ensembles, a process that continued when she moved to Spain in the year 2000. Aziza Brahim has been invited to some major international festivals: Womad (uk), Womadelaide (aus), Womad New-Zealand, Fusion (ger), Sziget (hun), Celtic Connections (uk), Espace Culturel Django Reinhardt (fr), Druga Godba (slo), Womex 2015, Royal Albert Hall London (uk), Plai Festival (rom), and many more…
Gri Gri Music - Thijs Vandewalle
Kleine Kerkstraat, 63
Ledeberg, Belgium


text:
|Package Name :
|Exotic Andman Tour Package
|Duration :
|4 Nights & 5 Days
|Destination Covered :
|Price :
|Price - On request
|Call Us :
|+91 8810423261
|Rating :
Day 1 : Arrival
Day 2 : Port Blair- Ross Island
Day 3 : Port Blair- Havelock
Day 4 : Marine National Park
Day 5 : Depart from Port Blair - Airport
Any expenses of personal nature such as- tip to driver, telephone calls, laundry expenses, wines, mineral water, food & drinks not in the regular menu provided by us
Camera fee, Guide charges & any Sports Activity cost during Sightseeing (to be paid directly)
Any Service not mentioned in Inclusions
Surcharge on Long Weekends & Holidays to be Paid Extra - as Applicable
Welcome to Andaman, Upon Arrival our representative will receive and escort you to the Hotel and stay-rest. At afternoon we visit Carbyn's cove beach about 7 kms from Port Blair. This coconut palm fringed beach, is ideal for swimming. Later proceed to the National Monument the Cellular Jail - a place of pilgrimage for all freedom loving people in the evening move the history of the heroic freedom struggle which is brought alive in a moving Light and Sound Show at the Cellular Jail, which takes you back to the British Era. Overnight stay at Port.
After breakfast, you will escort to Andaman Water Sports Complex to start the voyage begins in a boat towards Ross Island - the erstwhile capital of Port Blair during the British Regimes. . This island is an ideal destination for nature walk amidst sylvan surroundings with deer's, peacocks and exotic birds. The Island presently houses the ruins of old building like Chief Commissioner's house, Government houses, Church, Bakery, Press, Swimming pool, etc. and then for an enthralling journey to North Bay Island (Coral Island) offering exotic coral and underwater marine life which can be viewed through Glass Bottom Boats, scuba Diving, under water sea walk facility (optional activity) . Overnight stay at Port Blair.
Early morning departure through Private Cruise to Havelock Island - It is 38 kms by sea from Port Blair, visit the famous Radhanagar Beach - Asia's N o. 7th beach rated by Times Magazine. After 2 hour journey in the Andaman sea with the flying fishes and Dolphins (you may be lucky to sight some) reach Havelock islands. Our tour executive will receive you at the jetty and take you to Radhanagar beach Experience trilogy of yourself, sun and the sea like never before. Evening cruise to Port Blair. Evening at leisure
Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park at Wandoor encompasses 281 sq. km that include 15 uninhabited islands and the surrounding sea. The full day tour to Jolly Bouy/Red Skin Island start from Wandoor village, with a boat ride weaving its way through some lush mangrove. Throw in the shimmering white sands and the tranquil blue waters that spread for as far as you can see, and you are in a poet's paradise. Get down in this uninhabited island and experience the best underwater life in India by snorkeling, sea bathing and basking on the sun kissed beaches. At evening you will visit Chidiyatapu- for a breathtaking view of sunset. Chidiyatapu is another heaven for the lovers of nature and water babies. Within a serene beach front, Chidiyatapu is one of the most visited haunt for the ones eager to see a mesmerizing sunset. It's one of the more secluded beaches at Port Blair, and is perfect for the ones seeking solitude. At last Visit Sagarika government emporium for some local shopping for your dear ones. Evening at leisure.
Return home with sweet memories


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I used to be full of health, always active and rarely ill. Then in October 2000 after two weeks of feeling very poorly (stiffness, photophobia, headaches, loss of bodily controls, high temp etc) I was finally diagnosed and admitted to hospital with viral meningitis ………..
My symptoms continued to get worse, and along with depression there were days when I would not get out of bed…… I think the point when I had had enough was when my hands and joints felt like they were failing me. Opening a bottle or a can was sometimes impossible….. A friend recommended a specialist in muscular skeletal chronic pain, who concluded that despite there being no definitive test it was highly likely that I was suffering with Fibromyalgia (FMS).
I was instructed to have the York Food test to eliminate any allergies (I was found to have a yeast intolerance)….I also had blood tests to eliminate anything further such as coeliacs disease (a condition I had as a young child)…. I was prescribed Amytriptiline on varying doses, but I was either left exhausted or awake and with little difference to my pain. I think for about 3 years following this, I gave up…. Then my luck changed. I saw an old friend whose parents and brother suffers from ME and/or FMS and they advised I took Vegepa. After looking at it online and discussing it with my Mum, she ordered a months trial for me. Within a fortnight I felt dramatically more energised, my pain was alleviated and while I still have a poor immune system and pick up bugs left right and centre, my health and outlook is vastly improved…. I am happier than ever and combating this condition full on…. I would recommend Vegepa to anyone and everyone. It is good for a person of good health and brilliant for a person with a condition like mine. FMS is not an easy condition to live with, but life is as good as it can be right now and I have Vegepa to thank.


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It's very hard to pack body for ectomorphs on his or her frame. Because Gainer or nutrition model will not work related for ectomorphs. But it's very easy to gain muscle fast if you consider few guidlines which were created for ectomorphs. In the subsequent lines i will rapidly tell you how wholesome muscle fast as as an ectomorph.First thing, keep in view that you have wonderful body type, never in daily life you will get anatomy fats. If you get hold of will be burned from exploding as fast as around few days.
If you want to obtain big you have consume big. Right Don't be reluctant any type of assist you to from any diets. Commonly ectomorphs do a tremendous mistake by cutting lower down their carbohydrate and body weight intake thinking that usually are bad and bla bla. Believe me you need to have to eat high carb weight loss in order to fit muscles on your metal framework. And moderate to low intake of fats also. And how you will forget the associated with protein while we have always been talking about to box muscles. Here is fantastic percentage which you could very well follow on daily cause with blind eyes and i also guarantee you for your own personal big gains carbohydrates, peptids and fats.
Keep eating whole afternoon long, never ever hop breakfast and dinner. Accumulates eat Six meals while in day to keep the away from starvation way. Each meal should contain carbs, protein and body in required percentage. carbohydrates, proteins and fats. A high-potassium fertilizer is your muscles with a correct muscle building fuel next each three hours. The subsequent vital part of the actual load gaining program is to actually are working out your current big muscles. If you need to gain weight and muscle complex then stop focusing forward bicep curls and inside of the body perform exercises like my squat and the pointless lift.
These exercises different from bicep and arms curls work an major muscles and as well help create big muscle mass. Aside from that these exercises are necessary for the complex hormone spikes they cause. Any dietary gaining program is required to incorporate these exercise sessions.The third thing which an ectomorph needs one of the most is a finish off rest. Yes you have sleep hours evening. Do one day weight training and day rest very best to strategy when aim is to lbs. Your muscles need rest to cure and proper creating nutrition. Without most appropriate rest you probably waist your time, whatever your exercising or nutrition method you must shoot rest.


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Argos Home Capella 3 Piece 3 Door Wardrobe Set - Oak Effect917/3701
Colour: Oak
3 Colours available
- White
- Black
- Oak
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About this product
The Capella 3 piece package offers brilliant value for money. It includes a 3 drawer bedside chest, a 5 drawer chest, and a 3 door 3 drawer wardrobe. The wardrobe features sleek rectangular handles and it's got plenty of hanging space along with easy glide drawers and 4 shelves, so you can organise your clothes in no time.
Part of the Capella collection.
- Size H181, W115, D49cm.
- Wardrobe has 3 doors and 3 drawers.
Chest of drawers:
- Size H91, W63, D39cm.
- 5 drawers.
Bedside table:
- Size H58, W38, D40cm.
- 3 drawers.
General information:
- If this product is over 60cm high it must be securely attached to the wall to prevent overturning.
- Made from wood effect.
- FSC certified wood.
- Plastic handles.
- Handle size L9.5, W2.5cm.
- Drawers in this unit have metal runners.
89% would recommend to a friend
The peoduct is very good. The delivery so faster.
It looks so smart and feels solid
This product set is perfect for my 12 yr old daughters bedroom. It gives her the drawer space aswell and the cupboard shelves in the wardrobe too which is just brilliant
Works well and easy to assemble quickly
The product overall looks good, assembly instructions are easy to understand and easy to put together
Hi Jean,
The wardrobe package is flat packed.
Thank you for using Argos Q&A.
Pat @argos
13 May 2019
Hi Rach
The hanging rail in this is 73.5 cm long.
Thanks for using Argos Q&A
8 April 2019
Hi Luisa
The 5 drawer unit internal drawer dimensions are approx H11 x W56.4 x D35.6cm
Wardrobe drawer internal drawer dimensions are approx H11x W31.4 x D35.6cm
The bedside cabinet drawers are approx H11 x W31.4 x D35.6cm
Thanks for using Argos Q&A.
11 February 2019
The small print
*Prices correct as displayed but are subject to change.
The customer and brand answers you'll see above are submitted independently. As we don't review these answers, we can't take responsibility for anything they may say. The responses from Argos colleagues are accurate at the time of publishing. For the latest info, you should check the product page.


text: Can truck specs improve rest and sleep? Jun 04, 2015 ... The hood ornament: from purpose to personality Apr 27, 2015 Back in the day, the ubiquitous "hood ornament" seen gracing the front end of many cars and trucks started out with a very practical purpose. You see, at the start of the "automotive age," radiator caps actually sat on the hood, outside of the... O Ye of the Cabover Faith Apr 15, 2015 ... Welcome to Working Iron Apr 13, 2015 ... first previous 1 2 3


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Deities and Empowerments
of Open Heart Yoga
Open Heart Yoga has 3 levels of techniques (OHY1, OHY2 and OHY3) and 3 levels of empowerments (see below).
The 1st empowerment is received at Open Heart Yoga (OHY) level 1 empowerment session. There is no bhumi or other requirements for this, other than honesty and sincerity. After learning OHY1, you may join Open Heart Sangha-group at Facebook, if you feel that this is your path.
The 2nd and 3rd level empowerments are received when you have opened all 13 bhumis and learned Open Heart Yoga technique levels 1-3. Simultaneously, you will also get access to OH13-group at Facebook which is a discussion group for advanced level of practice.
OHY2 and OHY3
To learn new level of techniques one has to have properly learned the techniques of the previous level and have established regular daily practice. To learn techniques of OHY2 or OHY3 one has to join courses in person or online. There are recorded online courses of both levels. Usual course fees apply. See Learn Open Heart Yoga Online.
All levels are meant to be practiced together.
Aspects of Guru Rinpoche and Yeshe Tsogyal
First Empowerment – Two Syllable Mantra
1. Guru Rinpoche/Padmasambhava
2. Kuntuzangpo (GR, peaceful, skt. Samantabhadra, 13. bhumi)
3. Kuntuzangmo (YT, peaceful, engl. Blue Tara skt. Samantabhadri, 13. bhumi)
4. Vajradhara (GR, peaceful, tib. Dorje Chang, 12. bhumi)
5. Saraswati (YT, peaceful, tib. Yang Chenma, 12. bhumi)
6. Nyima Ozer (GR, peaceful, 11. bhumi)
7. Prajna Paramita (YT, peaceful, tib. Yum Chenma, 11. bhumi)
8. Avalokiteshvara (GR, peaceful, tib. Chenrezig)
9. White Tara (YT, peaceful, skt. Avalokiteshvari, tib. Jetsun Dolma)
10. Dorje Drollo (GR, wrathful)
11. Vajrayogini (Yeshe Tsogyal's aspect, wrathful, tib. Dorje Naldjorma)
12. Dorje Gotrab (GR, wrathful Medicine Buddha, skt. Vajra Raksha)
Second Empowerment – Three Syllable Mantra
13. Drakpo (GR, wrathful)
14. Drakmo (YT, wrathful)
15. Mahakala (GR, , wrathful, tib. Gonpo)
16. Mahakali (YT, wrathful, tib. Gonmo)
Third Empowerment – Four and Five Syllable Mantra
17. Troma Nagpo (GR, wrathful)
18. Black Tara (YT, wrathful, skt. Krishna Tara, tib.Troma Nagmo)
19. Vajrakilaya (GR, wrathful, tib. Dorje Phurba)
20. Red Tara (YT, wrathful, skt. Kurukulla, tib. Rikchema)
21. Nidra Tara (YT, sleep deity, engl. Dark Blue Tara, fifth syllable only)


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Let us knw how we can help. We'll get back to you promptly.
We would be happy to walk you through the basic capabilities of the LeadsRx attribution platform. In addition, we'll share a few best practices, and provide a complete game plan for taking first steps with attribution when you're ready.


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Client Tip for November 2016: IRS Changes Tax Return Due Dates
IRS Changes Tax Return Due Dates
Changes have been made to the filing deadlines for various tax returns. Generally it is applicable to returns for tax years beginning after December 31, 2015. The following is a summary of the changes in the filing deadlines:
Tax-Exempt Organizations — Tax-exempt organizations filing a Form 990, Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax, will need only file one six-month extension of time to file as opposed to the current requirement of filing two three-month extension requests with the first being a three-month automatic extension of time to file.
C-Corporations — The new due date for calendar year-end C-corporations to file Form 1120, U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return, will be April 15 (formerly March 15), and, for fiscal year filers with a fiscal year-end other than June 30, the revised due date will be the 15th day of the fourth month following the end of the tax year.
C-corporations with a fiscal year-end of June 30 will continue to have an initial filing due date of September 15 until December 30, 2025 at which time the new due date for these returns will be October 15.
C-corporation taxpayers with a calendar year-end will have a five-month extension of time to file available until the year ending December 31, 2025, while those with a June 30 year-end will have a seven-month extension of time to file available. For those C-corporation taxpayers with other than a calendar year or June 30 fiscal year-end, a six-month extension of time to file will be available. Please note that the due dates for any estimated tax payments will remain unchanged.
S-Corporations — The due date for calendar year-end S-corporations to file both Form 1120S, U.S. Income Tax Return for an S-corporation, and Schedule K-1, Shareholder's Share of Income, will remain the same and will be due March 15 with the ability to request a six-month extension of time to file. For fiscal year-end S-corporations, the revised due date also remains unchanged and will be the 15th day of the third month following the close of the fiscal year-end.
Partnerships — For calendar year-end taxpayers the revised due date to file Form 1065, U.S. Return of Partnership Income, and Schedule K-1, Partner's Share of Income, will be March 15 (formerly April 15). For fiscal year-end partnerships the revised due date will be the 15th day of the third month following the close of the fiscal year-end. A six-month extension of time to file will be available.
Estates and Trusts — The due date for Form 1041, U.S. Income Tax Return for Estates and Trusts, remains unchanged. Under the new law, the Internal Revenue Service will allow a five and one-half-month extension of time to file these returns as opposed to the previous extension of five months.
Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts — For the 2016 tax year (due in 2017), the deadline for filing an FBAR will be April 15 (formerly June 30) to align with the filing deadline for individual income tax returns. Individuals will also now have the ability to request a six-month extension of time to file an FBAR until October 15.
Under the new law, the FBAR filing deadline for U.S. citizens and residents residing abroad will be automatically extended to June 15, with an additional four-month extension available to October 15. The law no longer provides for another two-month extension until December 15, which is currently available upon request to taxpayers residing abroad to file their income tax returns.
Individual Income Tax — Individual tax returns are still due April 15 and extensions until October 15 were "cut in stone". Same due dates for estimated tax payments also (April 15, June 15, September 15, and January 15).
"America will never be destroyed from the outside.
If we falter and lose our freedoms,
it will be because we destroyed ourselves."
Abraham Lincoln — 16th President of the United States from 1861 to 1865. He helped to establish Thanksgiving as a national holiday in 1863.
From all of us at HBC we wish you a safe and enjoyable
Thanksgiving Holiday with family and friends!
"Your Partner In Success"


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Today I attempted to do the 7 Daily Habits that I linked to yesterday. I even printed them out and stuck them to that nasty crap on my counter so it wouldn't get lost. :) Here's my scorecard:
Making beds- I made my own bed, and dare I say *over achieved* with the kids' beds by actually washing the sheets too. I would say that is killing two birds with one stone, but I don't like to condone throwing things, or killing birds for that matter...
Laundry- The sheets were the first load, and I even threw another in to wash all my pajama pants for next week. I wish I was joking...
Garbage- My kitchen garbage happened to be full, so I threw the upstairs bathroom trash in. I could have gone downstairs and done all the trash, but I get winded easily. Maybe tomorrow!
Empty Kitchen Sink- I did very well with this one. I filled my dishwasher completely and even did those extra dishes that don't fit. Usually I just leave them for the next day.
Clean-up- I caught myself leaving things on the counter a few times, but overall I did much better than usual. No more warm milk for this lady!
Bathroom- Luckily (?) for me my 22 month old got some nasties on her hand that needed immediate antibacterial action, so it was a natural progression to clean the sink and counter at the same time. I didn't do the mirror or toilet, but it's still light out so I figure I've got time.
I'll let you know on the bedtime thing- usually I'm so stuffed full of chips and junky television that I stumble down to bed like a weeble falling downstairs, so we'll see how that goes.
I'm off to down some more brownies before I fully jump on the Extreme Makeover "Me" Edition over on Amber Filkins Blog. Don't tell her!
Friday, April 3, 2009
Day 4- A New System
Today I attempted to do the 7 Daily Habits that I linked to yesterday. I even printed them out and stuck them to that nasty crap on my counter so it wouldn't get lost. :) Here's my scorecard:
Posted by Mrs. Wright at Friday, April 03, 2009
3 Thoughts From Others:
- Amber said...
Oooooooohhhhh, you're busted!! :) I still need to check out that site you recommended. Probably right now since I'm in a major funk this afternoon. I think you've got the ball rollin on your system, missy.
- April 3, 2009 at 4:23 PM
- Mrs. Wright said...
Dang I barely made it through my brownie... you're tough! :P
- April 3, 2009 at 4:25 PM
- Tecia Kirven said...
Good Job on putting forth effort on your system, my confession is I have been refusing to clean our bedroom toilet seat, to see how long it would take my husband to notice that he pee-pee on it. Well after 2 weeks of using our guest bathroom I decided to scrub our toilet spotless. Now, lets see if he notices that it is clean..
- April 3, 2009 at 5:44 PM


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CLEVELAND — Warriors center has been ruled out of the rest of the NBA Finals with a left knee sprain.
Bogut suffered the injury early in the third quarter of Game 5 at Oracle Arena. After receiving an MRI, Bogut will reportedly not require surgery.
But according to an ESPN report, he will require 6-8 weeks of recovery time due to multiple bone bruises.
Bogut has one year remaining on his Warriors contract.
Bogut was healthy for Game 6 in last year's NBA Finals but did not play.
Check back here for more on the developing story.
For more on the Warriors, see the Inside the Warriors blog at www.ibabuzz.com/warriors. Follow Carl Steward on Twitter at twitter.com/stewardsfolly.


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AURORA, N.Y. – The Wells College women's basketball team posted a 72-39 loss to the Golden Flyers of Nazareth College Tuesday evening at the Frances Tarlton Farenthold Athletic Wing. With the loss, the Express have lost five straight contests (1-6) while the Golden Flyers collect their second victory of the season (2-5) following the non-conference contest.
The Express never possessed a lead throughout regulation time, trailing by a 7-0 margin within the game's first two minutes. Before the halfway mark of the period, the Golden Flyers built a 13 point lead to capture a 21-8 advantage. At its largest, Nazareth possessed a 19 point lead of which they carried into halftime courtesy of a Michelle Melanson three pointer with 30 seconds remaining in the half.
Wells junior Ashley Roser (Taberg, N.Y.) led the way in the first half with nine points, six of them coming via field goals with the other three gathered at the free throw line. Freshman Holli Erkson (Cooperstown, N.Y.) ranked second on the squad with five points, courtesy of a three point basket and two foul shots. Junior Theresa Hernandez (Dewitt, N.Y.) posted two steals and a block in the frame.
The Express did not record an additional point until 3:16 into the second half when a Roser jump shot landed to cut the Nazareth lead to 24. Wells did not score against until a three pointer by sophomore Cassie Smythe (Eden, N.Y.) with 13:19, but by that point, the Golden Flyers' lead had built to 26 points.
Continuing to pour it on from beyond the arc was Nazareth, who hit back-to-back three pointers courtesy of Erica Shaw and Melanson at 10:08 and 9:41, respectively, to effectively place the game out of reach for the home team. The Wells deficit was at its largest (38 points) with 8:51 remaining following a Lindsey Kelly layup in the paint.
Roser once again led the team in points, posting a season-low 13 after converting five field goals and three foul shots. Erkson trailed Roser by only four points, shooting a perfect 4-for-4 from the charity stripe while getting two of her six field goals to go. Smythe forced home two three pointers on the afternoon en route to an eight point evening.
Kelly led the way for Nazareth, shooting 10-for-12 from the field while also posting two steals and eight rebounds. Melanson, off of the bench, was able to force home a team-leading four three pointers to settle for 16 points on the evening. Defensively, Colby McCartney tallied a team-leading three takeaways. Collectively as a team, the Golden Flyers shot 40.3%.
The Express open their North Eastern Athletic Conference schedule this Thursday, Dec. 6 as they host Cazenovia College at 6:00 p.m. at the Frances Tarlton Farenthold Athletic Wing. Stay up to date with the latest news directly from the Wells College athletic department by "liking" us on Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/WellsExpress) and subscribing to our Twitter account (http://www.twitter.com/WellsExpress).
April 30, 2013 Wells Student-Athletes Honored At Athletics Awards Ceremony
March 20, 2013 Roser Claims NCAA Division III Rebounds Per Game Title
March 18, 2013 Roser Earns Honorable Mention Merits From Women's DIII News
March 13, 2013 Roser Selected To D3Hoops.com All-East Region Second Team
February 23, 2013 NEAC SEMIFINAL PREVIEW: Women's Basketball vs. Lancaster Bible
February 23, 2013 Women's Basketball Knocked Off By Chargers in NEAC Semifinals
February 19, 2013 Roser's Free Throws Power Women's Basketball To First Postseason Victory
February 19, 2013 Roser Selected As NEAC Player of the Year
February 18, 2013 Men's and Women's Basketball To Compete In NEAC Postseason Play
February 16, 2013 Women's Basketball Shut Down By Keuka, 81-57
February 11, 2013 Roser Collects NEAC Student-Athlete Of The Week Merits
February 10, 2013 Roser Grabs 1,000th Career Rebound, Sets Single-Game Scoring Mark
February 9, 2013 Fighting Tigers Knock Off Women's Basketball, 61-54
February 6, 2013 Women's Basketball Moves Past Mustangs, 59-45
February 4, 2013 Roser Earns NEAC Student-Athlete Of The Week Nod
February 2, 2013 Women's Basketball Clinches First-Ever Playoff Spot With Victory
January 31, 2013 30 Student-Athletes Earn Placement On Wells College Dean's List
January 30, 2013 Roser's Triple-Double Leads Express Past Cazenovia, 69-57
January 29, 2013 Roser Tied For NCAA Division III Lead In Double-Doubles
January 27, 2013 Women's Basketball Downed By SUNYIT, 77-59
January 26, 2013 Women's Basketball Notches 74-60 Victory Over SUNY Cobleskill
January 23, 2013 Achzet's 15 Power Express Past Morrisville State, 56-34
January 21, 2013 Roser Tabbed As NEAC Student-Athlete Of The Week
January 20, 2013 Strong Board Play Lifts Women's Basketball To 73-56 Victory
January 19, 2013 Three-Point Records Fall In 79-69 Victory Over Penn St.-Abington
January 16, 2013 Women's Basketball Slowed By Keuka, 73-56
January 13, 2013 Four Express Score Double Digits In 70-59 Victory Over Gallaudet
January 12, 2013 Women's Basketball Knocks Off Penn St.-Harrisburg, 85-76
January 10, 2013 Roser Claims NCAA Division III Lead In Rebounds Per Game
January 9, 2013 Women's Basketball Dropped By Hamilton, 79-35
January 5, 2013 Women's Basketball Set Back At Lancaster Bible, 58-49
January 4, 2013 Records Fall In 83-68 Women's Basketball Win Over Penn St.-Berks
December 6, 2012 Roser, Erkson Power Women's Basketball Past Cazenovia, 65-55
December 4, 2012 Women's Basketball Dropped By Nazareth, 72-39
December 3, 2012 Roser Named NEAC Student-Athlete of the Week
December 2, 2012 Women's Basketball Turned Back By SUNY Canton, 64-54
November 29, 2012 Pioneers Set Down Express, 73-51
November 28, 2012 Roser Nets 1,000th Career Point In Loss To Alfred
November 25, 2012 Women's Basketball Felled By Elmira, 70-47
November 20, 2012 Women's Basketball Drops 85-58 Contest to Keystone
November 19, 2012 Roser Receives NEAC Player of the Week Recognition
November 15, 2012 2012-13 Women's Basketball Season Preview
November 15, 2012 Women's Basketball Sets Rebounding Record In 58-45 Victory
October 15, 2012 Join Us For Express Madness!


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Our school is passionate about sports. Our students always strive to improve at whatever sports or activity they are participating in. A great example of this is the basketball season.
This year our schools students worked extremely hard in order to improve their skills in basketball. On Monday and Wednesday there would be basketball practice after school for the senior and middle section while on Tuesday and Wednesday it would be the junior sections practice.
Students that would prove to be good enough by our coaches would be selected in the school team in which there are three teams: Under 16s, Under 14s, and team B of Under 14s. Students selected would be participating in tournament against other schools such as Bay View, City School, Haq Academy, Education bay and many more. Our Under 14 team came 2nd in their tournament which took place in Bay View Academies Ground and they beat some of the most well-known schools to reach the Finals. Unfortunately, they had lost the Finals but not after proving that they had what it takes to be the best. They showed that hard work takes you a long way.
We were extremely proud of them and what they had accomplished and the trophy that they had brought back will ensure that their achievements will not be forgotten.